Kinect - Kinect

Kinect

Uchun Kinect Xbox One
Tuzuvchi	Microsoft
Turi	Harakat boshqaruvchisi
Avlod	Ettinchi va sakkizinchi avlod davri
Ishlab chiqarilish sanasi	Xbox 360 NA: 2010 yil 4-noyabr[2] EI: 2010 yil 10-noyabr[1] COL: 2010 yil 14-noyabr[3] AU: 2010 yil 18-noyabr[4] JP: 2010 yil 20-noyabr[5] Microsoft Windows NA: 2012 yil 1-fevral[6] AU: 2012 yil 1-fevral[6] JP: 2012 yil 1-fevral[6]
To'xtatildi	Microsoft Windows VW: 2015 yil 2-aprel[7] Xbox 360 VW: 2016 yil 20-aprel[8] Xbox One VW: 2017 yil 25 oktyabr[9]
Birlik sotildi	35 million (2017 yil 25 oktyabr holatiga)[10]
Kamera	640×480 piksel @ 30 Hz (RGB kamera) 640×480 piksel @ 30 Hz (IQ chuqurligini aniqlash kamerasi)[11]
Ulanish	USB 2.0 (A turi original model uchun; Xbox 360 S uchun mulkiy)
Platforma	Xbox 360 Xbox One Microsoft Windows (Windows 7 boshlab)
O'tmishdosh	Xbox Live Vision
Voris	Azure Kinect

Kinect (kodlangan Natal loyihasi ishlab chiqish paytida) harakatni sezish kirish moslamalari tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Microsoft va birinchi bo'lib 2010 yilda chiqarilgan. Texnologiya dastlab tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan apparat to'plamini o'z ichiga oladi PrimeSense, shu jumladan RGB kameralar, infraqizil proektorlar va detektorlar orqali chuqurlikni xaritalashgan tizimli yorug'lik yoki parvoz vaqti dasturiy ta'minot bilan birga hisob-kitoblar va mikrofon qatori sun'iy intellekt Microsoft-dan qurilmaning real vaqtda ishlashiga ruxsat berish uchun imo-ishoralarni aniqlash, nutqni aniqlash va boshqa imkoniyatlar qatorida to'rt kishiga qadar tana skeletini aniqlash. Bu Kinect-ni "hands-free" sifatida ishlatishga imkon beradi tabiiy foydalanuvchi interfeysi kompyuter tizimi bilan o'zaro aloqa qilish uchun qurilma. Kinect a atrof-muhit a ga o'xshash foydalanuvchi displeyi ustida joylashgan vebkamera.

Kinect-ni yo'q qilish vositasi sifatida paydo bo'lgan o'yin boshqaruvchisi Microsoft-dan Xbox bilan raqobatlashadigan video o'yinlar apparati Nintendo Wii o'zlarining harakatni sezish qobiliyatlari, Xbox-ga an'anaviy video o'yinchilaridan kattaroq auditoriyani jalb qilish umidida. Kinect birinchi uchun qo'shimcha sifatida ishga tushirildi Xbox 360 2010 yil noyabr oyida va bir necha oy ichida 10 milliondan ortiq dona sotilgan bo'lib, u o'sha paytda eng tez sotiladigan kompyuter texnikasi mahsulotlaridan biriga aylandi. Biroq, Kinect-ning xususiyatlarini o'z ichiga olgan video o'yinlarni ishlab chiqish kerak edi va Kinect ko'magi bilan chiqarilgan o'yinlarning asosiy qismi oilaviy nomlar edi. Microsoft voris konsolini ishlab chiqar ekan Xbox One, kompaniya Kinect apparatining ikkinchi avlodini konsolning kerakli tarkibiy qismiga aylantirishni rejalashtirgan edi va ishlab chiquvchilar undan foydalanishga intilishlariga sabab bo'ldi. Biroq, Kinect-ning majburiy kiritilishi maxfiylik bilan bog'liq muammolarni keltirib chiqardi va boshqa muhim o'zgarishlar qatorida, Microsoft oxir-oqibat Kinect-ni har doim Xbox One-ga ulab turish talabini bekor qildi, garchi 2013 yil noyabr oyida Kinect-ni konsol bilan ta'minlagan bo'lsa ham. Kinect-ga asoslangan o'yinlar bozori Xbox One ishga tushirilgandan keyin ham paydo bo'lmadi va Microsoft oxir-oqibat Kinect-ni Xbox One to'plamlaridan chiqarib tashladi, keyinchalik apparat revizyonlari konsolda Kinect-ga tegishli portlarni chiqarib tashladi, buning o'rniga maxsus USB adapter talab qilindi. 2018 yilga kelib, Microsoft video o'yinlar uchun barcha Kinect uskunalarini to'xtatdi.

Biroq, Kinect akademiklar va tijorat dasturlarida Microsoft uchun kutilmagan uyni topdi, chunki Kinect sensori o'sha paytda boshqa chuqurlikni sezuvchi texnologik dasturlarga qaraganda arzonroq va mustahkamroq edi. Microsoft hozirda Kinect-ning asosiy bozori bo'lgan robototexnika, tibbiyot va sog'liqni saqlash kabi o'yinlardan tashqari dasturlarni ko'rib chiqadi. 2010 yil noyabr oyida chiqarilganidan ko'p o'tmay, foydalanuvchilar Kinect-ni buzib kirishdi va foydalaniladigan apparat drayverlari va dasturiy ta'minot interfeyslarini ishlab chiqdilar. Microsoft Windows shaxsiy kompyuterlar va boshqa tizimlar. Dastlab Microsoft ushbu xakerlar tomonidan yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan xavfsizlik muammolariga e'tiroz bildirgandan so'ng, yo'nalishni o'zgartirdi va ushbu harakatlarni ma'qulladi va notijorat dasturlar uchun o'z dasturiy ta'minotini ishlab chiqardi. Keyinchalik kompaniya 2012 yilda Kinect apparatini Windows uchun Kinect-ga o'zgartirib, tijorat dasturlariga ruxsat berdi. Windows uchun Xbox One blokiga asoslangan ikkinchi avlod Kinect 2014 yilda chiqarilgan edi, ammo Microsoft oxir-oqibat ushbu qatorni bekor qildi va foydalanuvchilarga Xbox One Kinect-ni funktsional jihatdan teng bo'lganligi uchun ishlatishga yo'naltirdi. Kinect datchiklarining Xbox liniyasi to'xtatilgandan so'ng, Microsoft o'yinchoq bo'lmagan versiyasini Azure Kinect o'z ichiga oladi Microsoft Azure qurilmaning funktsional imkoniyatlari orasida bulutli hisoblash dasturlari. Kinect texnologiyasining bir qismi Microsoft-da ham ishlatilgan Hololenlar loyiha.

Tarix

Rivojlanish

Kinect-ning kelib chiqishi texnologiya sotuvchilari rivojlana boshlagan 2005 yilda boshlangan chuqurlikni sezuvchi kameralar. Microsoft ilgari Xbox liniyasi uchun 3D kamerani qiziqtirgan edi, ammo texnologiya takomillashtirilmaganligi sababli, uni darhol ishlay olmaydigan mumkin bo'lgan texnologiyalar to'plami bo'lgan "Boneyard" ga joylashtirdi.^[12]

2005 yilda, PrimeSense texnologiyalarni yaxshi biladigan matematiklar va Isroildan kelgan muhandislar tomonidan video o'yinlar uchun "navbatdagi katta narsa" ni ishlab chiqish uchun asos solingan bo'lib, ular oldida inson tanasini xaritalashga va qo'l harakatlarini sezishga qodir kameralarni o'z ichiga olgan. Ular 2006 yilda o'zlarining tizimlarini namoyish etishdi O'yin ishlab chiquvchilar konferentsiyasi, bu erda Microsoft-ning apparati inkubatsiyasining bosh menejeri Aleks Kipman PrimeSense texnologiyasida Xbox tizimi uchun potentsialni ko'rdi. Microsoft PrimeSense bilan o'z mahsulotlarini iste'molchilarga qulayroq qilish uchun nima qilish kerakligi haqida munozaralarni boshladi: nafaqat chuqurlikni sezuvchi kameralar imkoniyatlarini yaxshilash, balki hajmi va narxini pasaytirish, shuningdek masshtabda birliklarni ishlab chiqarish vositasi. talab qilingan. PrimeSense kelgusi bir necha yil davomida ushbu yaxshilanishlarda ishlaydi.^[12]

Nintendo ozod qildi Wii Wii-ning markaziy xususiyati - 2006 yil noyabrda Wii masofadan boshqarish, Wii tomonidan televizor ekraniga o'rnatilgan harakat sensori paneli orqali aniqlangan qo'l qurilmasi harakatni boshqaradigan o'yinlar. Microsoft Wii-dan bosimni sezdi va chuqurlik tekshiruvini PrimeSense apparati bilan batafsilroq ko'rib chiqishni boshladi, ammo ular xohlagan harakatni kuzatish darajasiga chiqa olmadi. Ular qo'l imo-ishoralarini aniqlay olsalar va tananing umumiy shaklini sezsalar-da, skeletlarni kuzatishni bajara olmadilar. Microsoft-ning alohida yo'li Wii Remote-ning ekvivalentini yaratishni nazarda tutdi, chunki ushbu turdagi birlik ikkita barmoq bilan boshqarish moslamalari standart funktsiyaga aylanganiga o'xshash standartlashtirilishi mumkin.^[12] Biroq, oxir-oqibat Microsoft-ning maqsadi pleer va Xbox o'rtasidagi har qanday qurilmani olib tashlash edi.^[12]

Kudo Tsunoda va Darren Bennettlar Microsoft-ga 2008 yilda qo'shildilar va Kipman bilan chuqurlikni aniqlashga yordam beradigan yangi yondashuv ustida ishlashni boshladilar mashinada o'rganish skeletlarni kuzatishni takomillashtirish. Ular buni ichki tomondan namoyish etishdi va texnologiyaning bir necha yil ichida bo'lishi mumkinligiga ishonishdi, bu esa texnologiyani yanada rivojlantirishni moliyalashtirishga katta qiziqish uyg'otdi; Microsoft ma'murlari Wii-ga o'xshash harakatni kuzatish usulidan voz kechishni istagan va Wii imkoniyatlaridan tashqarida bo'lgan mahsulotni taqdim etish uchun chuqurlikni aniqlash echimini ma'qul ko'rgan bir paytda ham yuz berdi. Loyiha 2008 yil oxiriga qadar yashil rangga aylandi va 2009 yilda ish boshlandi.^[12]

Loyiha Braziliya shahrining nomi bilan "Natal" deb nomlangan Natal, Kipman tug'ilgan joy. Bundan tashqari, Kipman buni tan oldi Lotin "Natal" so'zining kelib chiqishi "tug'ilish" degan ma'noni anglatadi, ular texnologiya bilan jalb qilishni umid qilgan yangi tomoshabin turlarini aks ettiradi.^[13] Dastlabki ishlarning ko'p qismi bog'liq edi etnografik video o'yinchilarning uy sharoitlari qanday yaratilganligi, yoritilganligi va Wiisga ega bo'lganlar tizimdan Kinect birliklaridan qanday foydalanishni rejalashtirish uchun foydalanganliklarini o'rganish. Microsoft jamoasi ushbu tadqiqot natijasida chuqurlikni sezuvchi kameraning yuqoriga va pastga burchagi qo'lda sozlanishi yoki qimmat dvigatelning avtomatik ravishda harakatlanishini talab qilishi kerakligini aniqladilar. Microsoft-ning yuqori menejmenti o'yinni cho'mdirishni buzmaslik uchun narxning oshishiga qaramay, dvigatelni qo'shishni tanladi. Kinect loyihasi ishi tizimni ommaviy ishlab chiqarish uchun qadoqlash va uning ish faoliyatini optimallashtirish bilan ham bog'liq. Uskuna ishlab chiqarish taxminan 22 oy davom etdi.^[12]

Uskuna ishlab chiqish jarayonida Microsoft Kinect-dan foydalanish uchun dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiquvchilari bilan hamkorlik qildi. Microsoft oilalar tomonidan o'ynaladigan o'yinlarni qilishni xohladi, chunki Kinect oldida bir nechta tanani sezishi mumkin edi. Qurilma uchun ishlab chiqilgan birinchi ichki sarlavhalardan biri bu paketli o'yin edi Kinect sarguzashtlari tarkibiga kirgan Good Science Studio tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Microsoft studiyalari. Ning o'yin rejimlaridan biri Kinect sarguzashtlari yaponlarga asoslangan "Refleks tizmasi" edi Miya devori Bu o'yinchilar tanani qisqa vaqt ichida o'zlariga qarab turgan devor kesmalariga mos keltirishga harakat qilishadi. Ushbu turdagi o'yin ular Kinect bilan istagan interaktivlik turining asosiy namunasi edi va uning rivojlanishi qo'shimcha qurilmalarni takomillashtirishga yordam berdi.^[12]

Rejalashtirilgan chiqishga yaqinlashganda, Kinect-ni turli xona turlarida va turli xil jismlarda yoshi, jinsi va irqini hisobga olgan holda, boshqa omillarni hisobga olgan holda, keng tarqalishini sinovdan o'tkazish muammosi, birlik tafsilotlari sir saqlangan. Microsoft kompaniyasi xodimlariga ularni sinab ko'rish uchun Kinect bloklarini olib ketishni taklif qiladigan butun kompaniya dasturida ishtirok etdi. Microsoft shuningdek, boshqa o'yin bo'linmalarini, shu jumladan, o'z bo'limlarini ham olib keldi Microsoft tadqiqotlari, Microsoft Windows va Bing tizimni to'ldirishda yordam beradigan jamoalar. Microsoft Kinect mahsulotlarini ommaviy ishlab chiqarish va ularni sinovdan o'tkazish uchun o'zining yirik ishlab chiqarish korxonasini yaratdi.^[12]

Ommaviy ochib beradi

Stiven Spilberg (o'ngda) qo'shilish Don Mattrik 2009 yil E3 da "Natal Project" taqdimotini o'tkazish

Kinect birinchi bo'lib 2009 yil 1-iyun kuni Microsoft-ning matbuot brifingi paytida "Natal Project" deb e'lon qilindi E3 2009 yil; kinorejissyor Stiven Spilberg Microsoft kompaniyasiga qo'shilgan edi Don Mattrik texnologiyani va uning salohiyatini joriy etish.^[12][14] Brifing davomida Kinect-ni namoyish etadigan uchta demo namoyish etildi - Microsoft-da Ricochet va Bo'yoq partiyasiva Lionhead studiyalari ' Milo va Kate tomonidan yaratilgan Piter Molyneux - Kinect tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan versiyasi Criterion o'yinlari ' Burnout Paradise E3 ko'rgazmasi paytida namoyish etildi.^[15][16] E3 2009 yilga kelib, skelet xaritasi texnologiyasi bir vaqtning o'zida to'rt kishini kuzatishga qodir edi,^{[17][18][19][20]} xususiyati ekstrakti 48 ga teng skelet inson tanasida 30 Hz ga ishora qiladi.^[20][21] Microsoft Kinect-ning E3 2009-da chiqarilish sanasini o'z zimmasiga olmagan, ammo bu 2009 yildan keyin va ehtimol 2010-yilda Wii va PlayStation Move (Sony Interactive Entertainment qo'lda ishlatiladigan qurilmalar yordamida o'z harakatini sezish tizimi).^[22]

2010 yil yanvar oyida Kinect (keyin "Project Natal") ning kutilayotgan chiqarilishini ko'rsatuvchi reklama banner bayram 2010

2009 yil E3 dan keyingi oylarda Kinect bilan bog'liq yangi Xbox 360 konsolining paydo bo'lishi haqida mish-mishlar paydo bo'ldi, yoki a chakana savdo konfiguratsiyasi Project Natalni o'z ichiga olgan,^[23][24] yoki Kinect-ni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun apparatni qayta ko'rib chiqish yoki yangilash sifatida.^[25][26] Microsoft hisobotlarni ommaviy ravishda rad etdi va Kinect barcha Xbox 360 konsollari bilan to'liq mos kelishini takrorladi. Microsoft shuni ko'rsatdiki, kompaniya Kinect-ni Xbox brendi uchun juda muhim tashabbus deb biladi Xbox Live,^[22] va yangi Xbox konsol platformasiga o'xshash rejalashtirilgan ishga tushirish bilan.^[27] Microsoft vitse-prezidenti Sheyn Kimning ta'kidlashicha, kompaniya Kinect Xbox 360-ning 2015 yilgacha o'n yil davom etishi rejalashtirilgan umrini uzaytiradi va Xbox 360-ning merosxo'rini ishga tushirishni kutmaydi.^[18][28]

2009 yil E3 ko'rgazmasidan so'ng va 2010 yilgacha Kinect jamoasi a'zolari eksperimental ravishda ko'plab o'yinlarni Kinect-ga asoslangan boshqaruv sxemalariga moslashtirishga yordam berishdi. Ushbu o'yinlar orasida Go'zal Katamari va Space Invaders Extreme da namoyish etilgan Tokio o'yinlari shousi 2009 yil sentyabr oyida.^[29] Tsunodaning so'zlariga ko'ra, Project Natal-ga asoslangan boshqaruvni oldindan mavjud bo'lgan o'yinlarga qo'shish muhim kodlarni o'zgartirishni o'z ichiga oladi va dasturni yangilash orqali mavjud o'yinlarni blokni qo'llab-quvvatlashga imkon bermaydi.^[30] Microsoft shuningdek, Kinect-ga asoslangan o'yinlarni rivojlantirishni rag'batlantirish uchun uchinchi tomon ishlab chiquvchilariga jalb qildi. Kompaniyalar yoqadi Harmonik va Ikki karra jarima tezda Kinect-ga o'tdi va undagi imkoniyatlarni ko'rdi va ishga tushirish sarlavhasi kabi birlik uchun o'yinlarni rivojlantirishga sodiq qoldi Markaziy raqs Harmonixdan.^[12]

Dastlab Kinect sensori blokida tizimning skeletlarini xaritalash kabi operatsiyalarni bajaradigan mikroprotsessor bo'lishi rejalashtirilgan bo'lsa-da, Microsoft 2010 yil yanvar oyida ushbu sensor endi maxsus protsessorga ega bo'lmaydi. Buning o'rniga, ishlov berish ulardan biri tomonidan amalga oshiriladi protsessor yadrolari Xbox 360 ning Ksenon MARKAZIY PROTSESSOR.^[31] Taxminan shu vaqt ichida, Kipmen Kinect Xbox 360-ning ishlash quvvatining atigi 10-15 foizini oladi, deb taxmin qildi.^[32] Bu Xbox 360 imkoniyatlarining kichik bir qismi bo'lsa-da, sanoat, bu Kinect-dan foydalanish uchun avvalgi o'yinlarni moslashtirishdagi qiyinchiliklarni yanada kuchaytiradi, deb hisoblaydi, chunki harakatni kuzatish o'yinning yuqori hisoblash yukini oshiradi va Xbox 360 imkoniyatlaridan oshib ketadi. Kuzatuvchilar, buning o'rniga sanoat Kinect xususiyatlariga xos o'yinlarni ishlab chiqishiga ishonishdi.^[31]

Quyida E3 2010 yil, Microsoft 2010 yil 13-iyun kuni bo'lib o'tgan matbuot anjumanidan Kinect apparatining to'liq premyerasi uchun foydalangan Cirque du Soleil. Konferentsiya davomida Microsoft Project Natal-ning rebrendingini "Kinect" deb nomladi, uni Xbox Live direktori Stiven Tuluza tushuntirildi a portmanteau "kinetik" va "ulanish" so'zlaridan, Kinect tashabbusining asosiy jihatlari.^[33][34] Kinect birinchi bo'lib Shimoliy Amerikaga 2010 yil 4-noyabrda etib kelishi bilan, ishga tushirish sanalari ham berildi.^[35] Microsoft shuningdek, Xbox 360 versiyasini mavjud modelga nisbatan ingichka, 250 Gb kattaroq qattiq diskka ega va Kinect-ga tayyor portga ega bo'lgan qayta ko'rib chiqishni taqdim etdi: keyinchalik ushbu birlik " Xbox 360 S.^[36] E3 2010 ko'rgazmasi davomida qo'shimcha ravishda Microsoft va boshqa bir nechta o'yin ishlab chiquvchilari va noshirlari Kinect-ga tayyor nomlarini namoyish etishdi.^[37]

Xbox 360 marketing va ishga tushirish uchun Kinect

Rag'batlantirish E3 2010 yil

Microsoft Kinect texnologiyasini 2010 yil noyabr oyida Kinect ishga tushirilishidan bir necha oy oldin takomillashtirishni davom ettirdi. Kipman ishga tushishi bilan ular Kinect-ning Xbox 360 protsessoridan foydalanishni 2010 yilning yanvarida xabar qilinganidek 10-15 foizgacha qisqartirishga muvaffaq bo'lishgan. "bitta raqamli foiz".^[38]

Microsoft Kinect-ni ishga tushirishni qattiq reklama qildi va targ'ib qildi. Ga binoan The New York Post, Microsoft ushbu marketing uchun 500 million dollar byudjetga ega edi.^[39] Ushbu da'vo keng tarqalganligi haqida xabar berilgan bo'lsa-da,^[40][41][42] Marketing kampaniyasi Siz boshqaruvchisiz, yangi auditoriyani jalb qilishni maqsad qilgan, shu jumladan reklama Kelloggniki don qutilari va Pepsi kabi namoyishlar paytida butilkalar, reklama roliklari Yulduzlar bilan raqsga tushish va Xursand bo'ling kabi turli jurnallarda e'lonlarni chop etish bilan bir qatorda Odamlar va InStyle.^[43]

Microsoft 2010 yil 19 oktyabrda tomoshabinlarning barcha a'zolariga Kinect bloklari va Xbox 360 konsollarini sovg'a qildi Opra Uinfri shousi,^[44] va shunga o'xshash tarzda ikki haftadan so'ng uchun kostyum Tungi kech Jimmi Fallon bilan.^[45]

2010 yil 23 oktyabrda Microsoft Beverly Hills-da Kinect-ning taqdimot oldidan partiyasini o'tkazdi. Ziyofat mezbon edi Eshli Tisdeyl va futbol yulduzi ishtirok etdi Devid Bekxem va uning uch o'g'li Kruz, Bruklin va Romeo. Mehmonlar bilan mashg'ulotlar o'tkazildi Markaziy raqs va Kinect sarguzashtlari Keyin Tisdeyl bilan Kinect ovozli suhbati o'tkazildi Nik Kannon.^[46] 1-dan 28-noyabrgacha Burger King do'konda joylashgan tasodifiy xaridorga har 15 daqiqada bepul Kinect to'plamini taqdim etdi.^[47] 3-noyabr kuni katta tadbir tashkil etildi Times Square, qaerda qo'shiqchi Ne-Yo Kinect yarim tuni boshlanishini kutib, yuzlab raqqoslar bilan birga ijro etildi.^[48]

Kinect Shimoliy Amerikada 2010 yil 4 noyabrda ishlab chiqarilgan;^[2] Evropada 2010 yil 10-noyabrda;^[1] 2010 yil 18 noyabrda Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya va Singapurda;^[4][49][50] va Yaponiyada 2010 yil 20 noyabrda.^[51] Sensor atrof-muhit uchun sotib olish imkoniyatlari o'yin bilan to'plamni o'z ichiga oladi Kinect sarguzashtlari va apparat to'plami sifatida Kinect sarguzashtlari va Xbox 360 S konsoli 4 Gb bilan qayta ishlangan^[52][53][54] yoki 250 GB^{[55][52][53][54]}

Kinect sensori odatda qora-qora rangda edi; a Yulduzlar jangi to'plami Xbox 360 uchun 2011 yil 21-iyulda chiqarilgan bo'lib, unda birinchi oq rangli Kinect birligi, shuningdek, o'yinlar bilan bir qatorda tematik konsolga mos keladigan birinchi qism mavjud. Kinect sarguzashtlari va Kinect Yulduzli Urushlar.^[56]

Xbox One uchun Kinect va rad etish

Xbox 360 uchun Kinect chiqarilishi dastlabki oltmish kun ichida sakkiz million dona sotilgan deb taxmin qilinmoqda va apparatni Ginnesning Rekordlar kitobi "Eng tez sotiladigan iste'molchilar elektroniği qurilmasi" uchun.^[12] 2011 yil mart oyiga qadar 10 milliondan ortiq sotilgan.^[12] Ko'rinishi muvaffaqiyatli bo'lsa ham, Kinect-ning bir qator salbiy tomonlari bor edi: uning boshlanishi, avvalo, oilaga yo'naltirilgan o'yinlar bo'lib, ular yangi tomoshabinlarni jalb qilishi mumkin edi, ammo bu kabi yirik video o'yinlarning sotuv kuchiga ega emas edi. Jang maydoni va Burch tuyg'usi va shu tariqa ulanish tezligi yuqori bo'lmadi, faqatgina 55 million Xbox 360 foydalanuvchilarning atigi 20 foizi ushbu qurilmani sotib olgan. Ushbu mashhur seriyalarni ishlab chiquvchilari va noshirlari bilan aloqada bo'lish ham mushkul edi, chunki ularning o'yinlarini boshqaruvchidan uzoqlashtirish, hatto Kinect taqdim etishi mumkin bo'lgan qo'shimcha afzalliklarga qaramay buzuvchi bo'lar edi.^[12] Kinect jamoasi ba'zi salbiy tomonlarni an'anaviy o'yinlar va Kinect bilan tan olishdi va ikkinchi avlod bo'linmasi sifatida chiqariladigan bo'linmaning doimiy rivojlanishini davom ettirishdi, masalan, harakatni aniqlashning kechikishini kamaytirish va nutqni aniqlashni yaxshilash. Microsoft ushbu o'zgarishlarning yangiliklarini uchinchi tomon ishlab chiquvchilariga o'yinlarga qanday qilib yaxshilanishlarni kiritishlarini taxmin qilishda yordam berish uchun taqdim etdi.^[12]

Kinect yaxshilanishlari bilan bir vaqtda, Microsoft-ning Xbox apparati jamoasi rejalashtirishni boshladi Xbox One 2011 yil o'rtalarida. Dastlabki Xbox One texnik xususiyatlarining bir qismi yangi Kinect apparati konsolga avtomatik ravishda qo'shilishi edi, shunda ishlab chiquvchilar har qanday Xbox One uchun Kinect apparati mavjud bo'lishini bilishadi va ishlab chiqaruvchilarni bundan foydalanishga undashga umid qilishadi.^[12] Xbox One ilk bor rasmiy ravishda 2013 yil 23 mayda e'lon qilingan va batafsilroq namoyish etilgan E3 2013 yil iyun oyida. Microsoft ushbu tadbirlarda Xbox One-ga yangilangan Kinect apparati kiritilishini va Xbox One-ning ishlashi uchun har doim ulanishi kerakligini aytdi. Bu video o'yin ommaviy axborot vositalarida tashvish tug'dirdi: maxfiylik himoyachilari Kinect sensori ma'lumotlaridan foydalanish mumkin deb ta'kidlashdi maqsadli reklama va ruxsatsiz bajarish nazorat foydalanuvchilarga. Ushbu da'volarga javoban, Microsoft yana bir bor ta'kidladi: Kinect ovozni tanib olish va harakatni kuzatish foydalanuvchilar tomonidan o'chirib qo'yilishi mumkin, Kinect ma'lumotlaridan reklama uchun foydalanish mumkin emas Maxfiylik siyosati va konsol foydalanuvchi tomonidan yaratilgan tarkibni ruxsatsiz qayta tarqatmasligini.^{[57][58][59][60][61][62]} Xbox One-ning o'ziga xos xususiyatlar to'plami bilan bog'liq yana bir nechta muammolar, masalan, har doim Internetga ulanish talablari va Microsoft-ga qarshi iste'molchilarning reaktsiyasini keltirib chiqardi.^[12]

Microsoft 2013 yil avgust oyida reaksiyaga javoban rejalashtirilgan Xbox One versiyasiga bir nechta o'zgartirish kiritganligini e'lon qildi. Ular orasida tizim endi Kinect qurilmasini ishlashga ulanishni talab qilmaydi, garchi u hali ham Xbox One tizimlari bilan Kinect-ni paketlashni rejalashtirgan bo'lsa ham. Biroq, bu Microsoft-dan a-ni o'rnatishni talab qildi 500 AQSh dollari Xbox One / Kinect tizimi uchun narx-navo, 2013 yil noyabrda ishga tushirilganda, 100 AQSh dollari raqobatchilardan ko'proq PlayStation 4 xuddi shu vaqt oralig'ida ishga tushirildi, unga biron bir harakatni sezuvchi apparat kiritilmagan.^[12] Xbox One chiqarilgandan bir necha oy o'tgach, Microsoft 2014 yil mart oyida Xbox One uchun Kinect dasturchilar tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanmaganligi va sotuvlar savdosini olmaganligini hisobga olib, PlayStation 4 bilan bir xil narxda Kinect-Xbox One tizimini ishga tushirishga qaror qildi. Xbox One Kinect-ga biriktirilgan tizim narxining yuqoriligi sababli orqada qolmoqda. Kinect-ni boshqargan dastur guruhi menejeri Richard Irvingning aytishicha, Microsoft ishlab chiquvchilar va xaridorlarga Kinect-ni ularga majburlash o'rniga ularni ishlab chiqish yoki sotib olish imkoniyatini berish muhimroq deb hisoblagan.^[12]

Kinect-ni Xbox One chakana savdo paketidan olib tashlash Microsoft-dagi birlikning tez pasayishi va bekor qilinishining boshlanishi edi. Dastlab Xbox One-dan foydalanish uchun o'yinlarni maqsad qilib olgan Harmonix kabi ishlab chiquvchilar ushbu o'yinlarni chiqarishni asoslash uchun Kinect o'rnatish bazasi etarli ekanligini bilguncha to'xtatib qo'yishdi, natijada Kinect uchun o'yinlarning etishmasligi va har qanday iste'molchining diskini kamaytirdi. alohida bo'linmani sotib olish uchun.^[12] Microsoft Kinect-da ayiq bo'lib qoldi, chunki bu birlik haqida hech narsa aytmadi E3 2015 yil va da e'lon qilish E3 2016 yil yaqinlashib kelayotgan Xbox One apparati tahriri, Xbox One S, maxsus Kinect portiga ega bo'lmaydi; Microsoft Kinect uchun USB adapterini taklif qildi, konsol ishga tushirilgandan so'ng dastlabki reklama davrida bepul taqdim etildi.^[63] Keyinchalik kuchli Xbox One X shuningdek Kinect porti yo'q edi va ushbu adapterni talab qildi.^[64] Hatto ishlab chiquvchilar Xbox One uchun Kinect-ni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan o'yinlarni chiqargan bo'lishiga qaramay, Microsoft ushbu davrda Kinect bilan bog'liq bayonotlarning etishmasligi Kinect-ni Microsoft-da o'lik loyiha deb da'vo qilishga sabab bo'ldi.^[65][66]

Microsoft rasmiy ravishda Xbox One uchun Kinect ishlab chiqarishni 2017 yil 25 oktyabrda to'xtatishini e'lon qildi.^[10] Microsoft oxir-oqibat Xbox One va ko'proq talab qilinadigan shaxsiy kompyuterlar uchun boshqa aksessuarlarni ishlab chiqarishga o'tayotganini aytib, 2018 yil yanvarida adapterni to'xtatdi. Bu ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan Microsoft-ning Xbox platformasi uchun Kinect-da ishlashni unutib qo'yadigan nuqta deb hisoblanadi.^[12][64]

O'yin bo'lmagan dasturlar va Windows uchun Kinect

Xbox platformasi uchun Kinect qurilmasi ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lsa, 2011 yilga kelib Kinect akademiyada va boshqa dasturlarda yangi hayot topdi. Qurilmaning funksionalligi va uning pastligi 150 AQSh dollari xarajatlar mavjud bo'lgan ilovalarga chuqurlik sezgirligini qo'shish uchun arzon vosita deb qaraldi, bu esa o'sha paytdagi boshqa 3D kameralarning yuqori narxini va ishonchsizligini qoplaydi. Yilda robototexnika, Kinect-ning chuqurligini aniqlash robotlarga to'siqlarga shakl va taxminiy masofani aniqlash va ular atrofida harakat qilish imkonini beradi.^[67] Tibbiyot sohasida Kinect sog'liqni saqlashni yaxshilash bo'yicha qarorlarni qabul qilish uchun tananing shakli va holatini miqdoriy ravishda kuzatib borish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin.^[68]

2010 yil noyabr oyida, Kinect ishga tushirilgandan so'ng, olimlar, muhandislar va havaskorlar buni uddalashdi buzmoq Kinect-ga qaysi apparat va ichki dasturlardan foydalanganligini aniqlash uchun foydalanuvchilar Kinect-ni qanday ulash va ishlatishni topishlariga olib keladi. Microsoft Windows va OS X o'qilishi mumkin bo'lgan turli xil kamera elementlaridan himoyalanmagan ma'lumotlarga ega bo'lgan USB orqali. Bu boshqa mumkin bo'lgan dasturlarning prototip demosiga olib keldi, masalan, operatsion tizim uchun imo-ishora asosida foydalanuvchi interfeysi filmda ko'rsatilgandek. Ozchiliklar haqida hisobot, shu qatorda; shu bilan birga pornografik ilovalar.^[69] Adafruit Industries, o'yinlardan tashqari Kinect-ning ba'zi mumkin bo'lgan dasturlarini o'ylab, Kinect bilan bog'liq xavfsizlik muammosini chiqardi va muvaffaqiyatli rivojlanishi uchun mukofot puli taklif qildi. ochiq manba dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqish to'plami (SDK) va Kinect uchun apparat drayverlari, bu Open Kinect nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi.^[70] Adafruit g'olib deb nomlandi, Hektor Martin, 2010 yil 10-noyabrgacha,^[71][72] kim ishlab chiqargan Linux qurilmaning ikkala RGB kamerasidan va chuqurlik sezgirlik funktsiyalaridan foydalanishga imkon beruvchi haydovchi.^[73][74] Keyinchalik bu aniqlandi Jonni Li, Microsoft-ning Kinect ishlab chiqish guruhining asosiy a'zosi, haydovchini ishlab chiqish tanlovi g'oyasi bilan yashirincha Adafruit-ga murojaat qilgan va uni shaxsan o'zi moliyalashtirgan.^[75] Li Kinect-ni ochish uchun qilingan sa'y-harakatlar to'g'risida "Bu bizga kelajakni ko'rsatmoqda ... Bu bugun, ertaga ham bo'ladi" deb aytgan edi. va Adafrutni tanlovga jalb qildi, chunki u Microsoft rahbarlarini Kinect uchun o'yin bo'lmagan yo'lni o'rganishga ishontirishga urinib ko'rdi.^[76]

Microsoft dastlab foydalanuvchilar Kinect-ni buzish bilan bog'liq muammolarga duch keldi va bunday buzilishlarning oldini olish uchun bo'linmaning kelgusidagi takrorlanishiga qo'shimcha kafolatlar kiritilishini bildirdi.^[69] Biroq, 2010 yil noyabr oyining oxiriga kelib, Microsoft o'zlarining dastlabki pozitsiyalarini o'zgartirdi va SDKni rivojlantirish bo'yicha tashqi sa'y-harakatlarni qabul qildi.^[77] Kipman, bilan suhbatda Milliy radio, dedi

Gapirish kerak bo'lgan birinchi narsa, Kinect aslida buzilmagan. Hack, kimdir bizning Xbox-da joylashgan algoritmlarimizga kirib, ularni ishlata oladigan degan ma'noni anglatadi, bu sodir bo'lmadi. Yoki, siz aldash vositasi uchun sensori va Xbox o'rtasida moslama qo'yganingizni anglatadi, bu ham sodir bo'lmagan. Buni biz xakerlik deb ataymiz va aslida ro'y bermasligiga ishonch hosil qilish uchun ko'p mehnat va kuch sarfladik. Nima sodir bo'ldi, kimdir shaxsiy kompyuterlar uchun ochiq manbali drayverni yozdi, bu biz himoya qilmagan USB ulanishini aslida ochadi va sensordan kirishni o'qiydi. Sensor, yana avval aytganimdek, ko'zlari va quloqlari bor va bu kimdir qabul qilishi va signalga aylantirishi kerak bo'lgan butun shovqin.

— Microsoft-dan Aleks Kipman NPR-da rasmiy ravishda gaplashmoqda Ilmiy juma^[78][77]

PrimeSense robototexnika firmasi bilan birgalikda Willow Garage va o'yinni ishlab chiquvchi Side-Kick ishga tushirildi OpenNI, Kinect va boshqalar uchun ko'chma drayverlarni ishlab chiqish uchun notijorat guruh tabiiy interfeys (NI) qurilmalari, 2010 yil noyabrda. Uning birinchi haydovchilar to'plami NITE 2010 yil dekabrda chiqarildi.^[79][80] PrimeSense ham ishlagan ASUS Xitoy uchun shaxsiy kompyuterlar uchun Kinect versiyasini ishlab chiqish. Natijada paydo bo'lgan mahsulot Wavi Xtion 2011 yil oktyabr oyida chiqarildi.^[81][82]

Microsoft 2011 yil fevral oyida Kinect uchun o'zining SDK-ni bir necha oy ichida chiqarishni rejalashtirayotganini va 2011 yil 16-iyun kuni rasmiy ravishda chiqarilgan, ammo u notijorat maqsadlar bilan cheklanganligini e'lon qildi.^[83][84] SDK foydalanuvchilarga skelet harakatini aniqlash tizimiga ikki kishigacha va Kinect mikrofon majmuasiga, avvalgi Open Kinect SDK tarkibiga kirmagan xususiyatlarga kirishga imkon berdi.^[85] Microsoft-ning mahsulot bo'yicha menejeri Devid Dennis "Kinect" ga tijorat qiziqishi hali ham kuchli edi: "Biz ular bilan ishlashda yuzlab tashkilotlar bor, ular texnologiya bilan nima mumkinligini aniqlashga yordam berishadi".^[86] Microsoft 2011 yil 31 oktyabrda Windows uchun Kinect dasturini ishga tushirdi va shu bilan kam sonli kompaniyalarga yangi SDK taqdim etdi. Toyota, Xyuton Mifflin va Razorfish, mumkin bo'lgan narsalarni o'rganish uchun.^[86] 2012 yilda Iste'molchilar elektronikasi ko'rgazmasi yanvar oyida, Microsoft 2012 yil 1 fevralda tijorat SDK bilan birgalikda Windows uchun maxsus Kinect-ni chiqarishi haqida e'lon qildi. Qurilma ba'zi qo'shimcha yaxshilanishlarni o'z ichiga olgan, shu jumladan ob'ektlarni tanib olish uchun "yaqin rejim" ni qo'llab-quvvatlashni o'z ichiga olgan (20 dyuym). kameralar oldida. Windows uchun Kinect qurilmasi ro'yxatda ko'rsatilgan 250 AQSh dollari, 100 AQSh dollari Microsoft Xbox 360 Kinect-ni o'yinlarni sotib olish, Xbox Live obunalari va boshqa xarajatlar orqali subsidiyalashni ko'rib chiqqanligi sababli asl Kinect-dan ko'proq.^[76] Ishga tushirish paytida Microsoft 25 dan ortiq mamlakatlardan 300 dan ortiq kompaniyalar yangi blok bilan Kinect-ga tayyor dasturlar ustida ish olib borayotganligini bildirdi.^[87]

2013 yilda Xbox One uchun qayta ishlangan Kinect-ning dastlabki e'lon qilinishi bilan Microsoft ham 2014 yilga qadar yangilangan Kinect texnologiyasi asosida Windows uchun Kinect-ning ikkinchi avlodiga ega bo'lishini tasdiqladi.^[88] Windows uchun yangi Kinect 2 2014 yil 15-iyul kuni a 200 AQSh dollari narx.^[89] Microsoft Windows uchun original Kinect-ni 2014 yil oxirigacha to'xtatishni tanladi.^[90] Biroq, 2015 yil aprel oyida Microsoft ular Windows uchun Kinect 2-ni ham to'xtatib qo'yganlarini va buning o'rniga tijorat foydalanuvchilariga Microsoft "bir xil tarzda bajaring" deb aytgan Xbox One uchun Kinect-dan foydalanishga rahbarlik qilganligini e'lon qildi. Microsoft, Windows uchun Kinect 2 talabi yuqori ekanligini va shu bilan birga Xbox One uchun Kinect buyurtmalarini bajarish qiyinligini ta'kidladi va ular o'zlarining dasturlarida muammosiz Kinect for Xbox One-dan muvaffaqiyatli foydalanadigan tijorat dasturlarini topdilar.^[91]

Microsoft-ning Kinect-ga e'tiborini pasayishi bilan PrimeSense-ni sotib oldi Apple, Inc. 2013 yilda texnologiyaning ayrim qismlarini o'z ichiga olgan Face ID uchun tizim iOS qurilmalar.^[92][93]

Microsoft Azure bilan Kinect-ni birlashtirish

Microsoft video o'yinlar uchun Kinect g'oyasidan voz kechdi, ammo baribir Kinect imkoniyatlarini o'rganib chiqdi. Microsoft kommunikatsiyalar bo'yicha direktori Greg Sallivan 2018 yilda "Menimcha, tushunila boshlangan narsalardan biri shundaki, Kinect hech qachon shunchaki o'yin atrof-muhit emas edi ... Bu har doimgidan ham ko'proq edi".^[94] Kinect texnologiyasining bir qismi Microsoft-ga qo'shildi Hololenlar, birinchi bo'lib 2016 yilda chiqarilgan.^[95]

Microsoft o'zlari bilan integratsiyalashadigan o'yin bo'lmagan dasturlar uchun Kinect apparatining yangi versiyasi ustida ishlayotganligini e'lon qildi Azure bulutli hisoblash xizmatlari 2018 yil may oyida. Kinect-dan ba'zi bir hisoblash ishlarini bo'shatish uchun bulutli hisoblashdan foydalanish, shuningdek Azure tomonidan yaratilgan yanada kuchli xususiyatlar. sun'iy intellekt Microsoft o'ylaganidek, chuqurlikni aniqlashning aniqligini yaxshilaydi va quvvat talabini kamaytiradi va ixcham bo'linmalarga olib keladi.^[96] Azure Kinect qurilmasi 2019 yil 27 iyunda narx bo'yicha chiqarildi 400 AQSh dollari, birlik uchun SDK 2019 yil fevral oyida chiqarilgan edi.^[97]

Texnologiya

Asoslari

Misol infraqizil Kinect infraqizil tomonidan olingan rasm (chapda) va xuddi shu rasm a ga qayta tiklangan chuqurlik xaritasi oq (yaqin) dan ko'k (uzoq) gacha rang gradyanlaridan foydalanish

Kinect yadrosidagi chuqurlik va harakatni sezish texnologiyasi uning chuqurligini sezish orqali ta'minlanadi. Xbox 360 uchun original Kinect ishlatilgan tizimli yorug'lik Buning uchun: birlik ishlatilganinfraqizil infraqizil datchik aks ettirilgan yorug'lik naqshini ushlab turganda, Kinect oldidagi bo'shliq bo'ylab proektsiyalangan. Yorug'lik chizig'i oldidagi narsalarning nisbiy chuqurligi bilan deformatsiyalanadi va matematikadan Kinect-ning apparat joylashuvi bilan bog'liq bir necha omillarga asoslanib ushbu chuqurlikni taxmin qilish mumkin. Boshqa tuzilishda yorug'lik chuqurligini sezish texnologiyalari bir nechta yorug'lik naqshlarini qo'llagan bo'lsa, Kinect chuqurlikni sezish uchun soniyada 30 kvadrat tezlikka erishish uchun bittagina foydalangan. Xbox One uchun Kinect foydalanishga o'tildi parvoz vaqti o'lchovlar. Kinect-dagi infraqizil proektor modulyatsiya qilingan infraqizil nurni yuboradi, keyin u datchik tomonidan ushlanib qoladi. Yaqinroq ob'ektlarni aks ettiruvchi infraqizil nur uzoqroqqa qaraganda qisqa parvoz vaqtiga ega bo'ladi, shuning uchun infraqizil datchik parvoz paytidan boshlab modulyatsiya naqshining piksel-pikselgacha qanchalik deformatsiyalanganligini aniqlaydi. Chuqurlikdagi parvozlarni o'lchash vaqti aniqroq va qisqa vaqt ichida hisoblanishi mumkin, bu soniyada soniyasiga ko'proq kadrlarni aniqlashga imkon beradi.^[98]

Kinect piksel-piksel chuqurlikdagi rasmga ega bo'lgandan so'ng, Kinect-dan foydalaniladi chekkalarni aniqlash Bu erda oddiy ko'rinadigan yorug'lik kamerasidan kirishni o'z ichiga olgan holda, tortishish fonidan yaqinroq narsalarni ajratish uchun. Keyinchalik, birlik har qanday harakatlanuvchi moslamalarni kuzatib borishga harakat qiladi, faqat rasmda faqat odamlar aylanib yuradi degan taxmin bilan va inson shakllarini tasvirdan ajratib turadi. Sun'iy intellekt bilan jihozlangan dasturiy ta'minot, shakllarni segmentatsiyalashni amalga oshiradi, bu bosh, qo'l va qo'l kabi tananing aniq qismlarini aniqlashga harakat qiladi va ushbu segmentlarni alohida kuzatib boradi. Ushbu segmentlar inson tanasining 20 nuqtali skeletini tuzishda foydalaniladi, undan keyin o'yin yoki boshqa dastur yordamida odam qanday harakatlarni qilganligini aniqlash mumkin.^[99]

Xbox 360 uchun Kinect (2010)

Uchun Kinect Xbox 360. Xbox 360 E versiyasi Xbox 360 brendining chap tomonida Xbox logotipiga ega.

Xbox 360 S va E modellari Kinect uchun maxsus portlarga ega bo'lib, tashqi quvvat manbaiga ehtiyojni yo'q qiladi.

Xbox 360 uchun Kinect ning birikmasi edi Microsoft qurilgan dasturiy ta'minot va apparat vositalari. Uskuna tarkibiga a qator chipset texnologiya tomonidan Isroil ishlab chiquvchi PrimeSense dan iborat bo'lgan tizimni ishlab chiqqan infraqizil proektor va kamera va maxsus mikrochip panjara hosil qiladi, undan 3 o'lchovdagi yaqin ob'ektning joylashishini aniqlash mumkin.^{[100][101][102]} Bu 3D skaner tizim deb nomlangan Engil kodlash^[103] tasvirga asoslangan variantni qo'llaydi 3D rekonstruksiya qilish.^[104][105]

Kinect sensori^[106] motorli burama bilan kichik poydevorga bog'langan gorizontal chiziq bo'lib, video displeydan yuqorida yoki pastda uzunlik bo'ylab joylashtirilishi uchun mo'ljallangan. Qurilmada "RGB kamera, chuqurlik sensori va mikrofon qatori mulkiy dasturiy ta'minotni ishlatish ",^[107] to'liq tanani 3D bilan ta'minlaydigan harakatni ta'qib qilish, yuzni aniqlash va ovozni aniqlash imkoniyatlar. Ishga tushganda ovozni tanib olish faqat Yaponiya, Buyuk Britaniya, Kanada va AQShda mavjud edi. Evropa qit'asi ushbu xususiyatni keyinchalik 2011 yilning bahorida qabul qildi.^[108] Hozirda ovozni tanib olish imkoniyati mavjud Avstraliya, Kanada, Frantsiya, Germaniya, Irlandiya, Italiya, Yaponiya, Meksika, Yangi Zelandiya, Birlashgan Qirollik va Qo'shma Shtatlar. Kinect sensorining mikrofon massivi Xbox 360-ning ishlashini ta'minlaydi akustik manbalarni lokalizatsiya qilish va atrofdagi shovqinlarni bostirish, naushniksiz partiyalar suhbati kabi narsalarga ruxsat berish Xbox Live.^[106]

Chuqurlik sensori an infraqizil lazer monoxrom bilan birlashtirilgan projektor CMOS sensori, bu video ma'lumotlarini istalgan ostida 3D formatida yozib oladi atrof-muhit yorug'ligi shartlar.^[106][17] Chuqurlik sezgichini sezish diapazoni sozlanishi va Kinect dasturi o'yinni va o'yinchining jismoniy muhitini hisobga olgan holda sensorni avtomatik ravishda kalibrlashi, mebel yoki boshqa to'siqlarning mavjudligiga mos kelishi mumkin.^[21]

Microsoft xodimlari tomonidan Kinect-ning asosiy yangiligi sifatida tavsiflangan,^{[18][109][110]} dasturiy ta'minot texnologiyasi ilg'or imkoniyatlarni yaratadi imo-ishoralarni aniqlash, yuzni aniqlash va ovozni aniqlash.^[19] Chakana sotuvchilarga berilgan ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, Kinect bir vaqtning o'zida olti kishini, shu jumladan ikkita faol o'yinchilarni kuzatib borishga qodir harakatni tahlil qilish bilan xususiyatlarni chiqarish bitta o'yinchi uchun 20 ta bo'g'im.^[111] However, PrimeSense has stated that the number of people the device can "see" (but not process as players) is only limited by how many will fit in the field-of-view of the camera.^[112]

Teskari muhandislik^[113] has determined that the Kinect's various sensors output video at a kvadrat tezligi of ≈9 Hz 30 gaHz depending on resolution. The default RGB video stream uses 8-bit VGA resolution (640 × 480 piksel ) bilan Bayer color filter, but the hardware is capable of resolutions up to 1280x1024 (at a lower frame rate) and other colour formats such as UYVY. The monochrome depth sensing video stream is in VGA resolution (640 × 480 pixels) with 11-bit depth, which provides 2,048 levels of sensitivity. The Kinect can also stream the view from its IR camera directly (i.e.: before it has been converted into a depth map) as 640x480 video, or 1280x1024 at a lower frame rate. The Kinect sensor has a practical ranging limit of 1.2–3.5 m (3.9–11.5 ft) distance when used with the Xbox software. The area required to play Kinect is roughly 6 m², although the sensor can maintain tracking through an extended range of approximately 0.7–6 m (2.3–19.7 ft). The sensor has an burchakli ko'rish maydoni 57 dan° horizontally and 43° vertically, while the motorized pivot is capable of burilish the sensor up to 27° either up or down. The horizontal field of the Kinect sensor at the minimum viewing distance of ≈0.8 m (2.6 ft) is therefore ≈87 cm (34 in), and the vertical field is ≈63 cm (25 in), resulting in a resolution of just over 1.3 mm (0.051 in) per pixel. The microphone array features four microphone capsules^[114] and operates with each channel processing 16-bit audio at a namuna olish darajasi 16 dankHz.^[111]

Because the Kinect sensor's motorized tilt mechanism requires more power than the Xbox 360's USB ports can supply,^[115] the device makes use of a proprietary connector combining USB communication with additional power. Qayta ishlab chiqilgan Xbox 360 S models include a special AUX port for accommodating the connector,^[116] while older models require a special power supply cable (included with the sensor)^[114] that splits the connection into separate USB and power connections; power is supplied from the tarmoq by way of an AC adapter.^[115]

Kinect for Windows (2012)

Kinect for Windows is a modified version of the Xbox 360 unit which was first released on February 1, 2011, alongside the SDK for commercial use.^[76][117] The hardware included better components to eliminate noise along the USB and other cabling paths, and improvements in the depth-sensing camera system for detection of objects at close range, as close as 50 centimetres (20 in), in the new "Near Mode".^[76]

The SDK included Windows 7 mos Kompyuter drivers for Kinect device. It provided Kinect capabilities to developers to build applications with C ++, C #, yoki Visual Basic yordamida Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and included the following features:

1. Raw sensor streams: Access to low-level streams from the depth sensor, color camera sensor, and four-element microphone array.
2. Skeletal tracking: The capability to track the skeleton image of one or two people moving within Kinect's field of view for gesture-driven applications.
3. Advanced audio capabilities: Audio processing capabilities include sophisticated akustik shovqin bostirish va echoni bekor qilish, beam formation to identify the current sound source, and integration with Windows speech recognition API.
4. Sample code and Documentation.^[118]

In March 2012, Craig Eisler, the general manager of Kinect for Windows, said that almost 350 companies are working with Microsoft on custom Kinect applications for Microsoft Windows.^[119]

In March 2012, Microsoft announced that next version of Kinect for Windows SDK would be available in May 2012. Kinect for Windows 1.5 was released on May 21, 2012. It adds new features, support for many new languages and debut in 19 more countries.^[120][121]

1. Kinect for Windows 1.5 SDK would include 'Kinect Studio' a new app that allows developers to record, playback, and debug clips of users interacting with applications.^[122]
2. Support for new "seated" or "10-joint" skeletal system that will let apps track the head, neck, and arms of a Kinect user—whether they're sitting down or standing; which would work in default and near mode.
3. Support for four new languages for speech recognition – French, Spanish, Italian, and Japanese. Additionally it would add support for regional dialects of these languages along with English.^[123]
4. It would be available in Hong Kong, South Korea, and Taiwan in May and Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, India, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates in June.^[124]

Kinect for Windows SDK for the first-generation sensor was updated a few more times, with version 1.6 released October 8, 2012,^[125] version 1.7 released March 18, 2013,^[126] and version 1.8 released September 17, 2013.^[127]

Kinect for Xbox One (2013)

An upgraded iteration of Kinect was released on November 22, 2013 for Xbox One. It uses a wide-angle parvoz vaqtidagi kamera, and processes 2 gigabits of data per second to read its environment. The new Kinect has greater accuracy with three times the fidelity over its predecessor and can track without visible light by using an active IQ Sensor. It has a 60% wider field of vision that can detect a user up to 3 feet from the sensor, compared to six feet for the original Kinect, and can track up to 6 skeletons at once. It can also detect a player's yurak urish tezligi, facial expression, the position and orientation of 25 individual joints (including thumbs), the weight put on each limb, speed of player movements, and track gestures performed with a standard controller. The color camera captures 1080p video that can be displayed in the same resolution as the viewing screen, allowing for a broad range of scenarios. In addition to improving video communications and video analytics applications, this provides a stable input on which to build interactive applications. Kinect's microphone is used to provide voice commands for actions such as navigation, starting games, and waking the console from uyqu rejimi.^[128][129] The recommended player's height is at least 40 inches, which roughly corresponds to children of 4 and a half years old and up.^[130][131]

All Xbox One consoles were initially shipped with Kinect included.^[62] In June 2014, bundles without Kinect were made available,^[132] along with an updated Xbox One SDK allowing game developers to explicitly disable Kinect skeletal tracking, freeing up system resources that were previously reserved for Kinect even if it was disabled or unplugged.^[132][133] As interest in Kinect waned in 2014, later revisions of the Xbox One hardware, including the Xbox One S va Xbox One X, dropped the dedicated Kinect port, requiring users to purchase a USB 3.0 and AC adapter to use the Kinect for Xbox One.^[134][135]

A standalone Kinect for Xbox One, bundled with a digital copy of Markaziy diqqat markazida raqs, was released on October 7, 2014.^[136]

Considered a market failure compared to the Kinect for Xbox 360, the Kinect for Xbox One product was discontinued by October 25, 2017. Production of the adapter cord also ended by January 2018.^[9]

Kinect 2 for Windows (2014)

Released on 15 July 2014, Kinect 2 for Windows is based on the Kinect for Xbox One and considered a replacement of the original Kinect for Windows. It was also repackaged as "Kinect for Windows v2". It is nearly identical besides the removal of Xbox branding, and included a USB 3.0/AC adapter. It released alongside version 2.0 of the Windows SDK for the platform. The MSRP was US$199.^{[89][8][137][91]} Microsoft considers the Kinect 2 for Windows equivalent in performance to the Xbox One version.

In April 2015 having difficulty in keeping up manufacturing demand for the Kinect for Xbox One this edition was discontinued. Microsoft directed commercial users to use the Xbox One version with a USB adapter instead.^{[91][138][8][137][139]}

Azure Kinect (2019)

The Azure Kinect unit

On May 7, 2018, Microsoft announced a new iteration of Kinect technology designed primarily for enterprise software and sun'iy intellekt foydalanish. It is designed around the Microsoft Azure cloud platform, and is meant to "leverage the richness of Azure AI to dramatically improve insights and operations".^[140][141] It has a smaller form factor than the Xbox iterations of Kinect, and features a 12-megapixel camera, a time-of-flight depth sensor also used on the HoloLens 2, and seven microphones. A development kit was announced in February 2019.^[142][143]

Dasturiy ta'minot

Kinect-enabled features on the Xbox operating system

Requiring at least 190 MB of available storage space,^[144] Kinect system software allows users to operate Xbox 360 Dashboard console user interface through voice commands and hand gestures. Techniques such as voice recognition and facial recognition are employed to automatically identify users. Among the applications for Kinect is Video Kinect, which enables ovozli suhbat yoki video chat with other Xbox 360 users or users of Windows Live Messenger. The application can use Kinect's tracking functionality and Kinect sensor's motorized pivot to keep users in frame even as they move around. Other applications with Kinect support include ESPN, Zune bozori,^[144] Netflix, Hulu Plus^[145] va Last.fm.^[146] Microsoft later confirmed that all forthcoming applications would be required to have Kinect functionality for certification.^[147]

The Xbox One originally shipped in bundles with the Kinect; asl nusxasi Xbox One user interface software had similar support for Kinect features as the Xbox 360 software, such as voice commands, user identification via skeletal or vocal recognition, and gesture-driven commands, though these features could be fully disabled due to privacy concerns.^[148] However, this had left the more traditional navigation using a controller haphazard. In May 2014, when Microsoft announced it would be releasing Xbox One systems without a Kinect, the company also announced plans to alter the Xbox One system software to remove Kinect features.^[149] Kinect support in the software was fully removed by November 2015.^[150]

Video O'yinlar

Xbox 360 games that require Kinect are packaged in special purple cases (as opposed to the green cases used by all other Xbox 360 games), and contain a prominent "Requires Kinect Sensor" logo on their front cover. Games that include features utilizing Kinect, but do not require it for standard gameplay, contain a "Better with Kinect Sensor" branding on their front covers.^[151]

Kinect launched on November 4, 2010 with 17 titles.^[152] Third-party publishers of available and announced Kinect games include, among others, Ubisoft, Elektron san'at, LucasArts, THQ, Activision, Konami, Sega, Capcom, Namco Bandai va MTV o'yinlari. Along with retail games, there are also select Xbox Live Arja titles which require the peripheral.

Kinect Fun Labs

Da E3 2011 yil, Deya e'lon qildi Microsoft Kinect Fun Labs: a collection of various gadgets and minigames that are accessible from Xbox 360 Dashboard. These gadgets includes Build A Buddy, Air Band, Kinect Googly Eyes, Kinect Me, Bobblexed, Kinect Sparkler, Junk Fu^[153] va Avatar Kinect.^{[154][155][156]}

Uchinchi tomon rivojlanishi

A demonstration of a third-party use of Kinect at Faire ishlab chiqaruvchisi. The visualization on the left, provided through Kinect, is of a user with a jacket featuring wearable electronic controls for VJing

Numerous developers are researching possible applications of Kinect that go beyond the system's intended purpose of playing games, further enabled by the release of the Kinect SDK by Microsoft.^[157]

For example, Philipp Robbel of MIT combined Kinect with iRobot Create to map a room in 3D and have the robot respond to human gestures,^[158] while an MIT Media Lab team is working on a JavaScript extension for Gugl xrom called depthJS that allows users to control the browser with hand gestures.^[159] Other programmers, including Robot Locomotion Group at MIT, are using the drivers to develop a motion-controller user interface similar to the one envisioned in Ozchiliklar haqida hisobot.^[160] Ning ishlab chiquvchilari MRPT have integrated open source drivers into their libraries and provided examples of live 3D rendering and basic 3D visual SLAM.^[161] Another team has shown an application that allows Kinect users to play a virtual piano by tapping their fingers on an empty desk.^[162] Oliver Kreylos, a researcher at Kaliforniya universiteti, Devis, adopted the technology to improve live 3-dimensional videokonferentsaloqa, qaysi NASA has shown interest in.^[163]

Alexandre Alahi from EPFL presented a video surveillance system that combines multiple Kinect devices to track groups of people even in complete darkness.^[164] Companies So touch and Evoluce have developed presentation software for Kinect that can be controlled by hand gestures; among its features is a multi-touch zoom mode.^[165] In December 2010, the free public beta of HTPC dasturiy ta'minot KinEmote ishga tushirildi; it allows navigation of Bokschi va XBMC menus using a Kinect sensor.^[166] Soroush Falahati wrote an application that can be used to create stereoskopik 3D images with a Kinect sensor.^[167]

Kinect also shows compelling potential for use in medicine. Tadqiqotchilar Minnesota universiteti have used Kinect to measure a range of disorder symptoms in children, creating new ways of objective evaluation to detect such conditions as autism, attention-deficit disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.^[168] Several groups have reported using Kinect for intraoperative, review of medical imaging, allowing the surgeon to access the information without contamination.^[169][170] This technique is already in use at Sunnybrook sog'liqni saqlash fanlari markazi yilda Toronto, where doctors use it to guide imaging during cancer surgery.^[171] At least one company, GestSure Technologies, is pursuing the commercialization of such a system.^[172]

NASA "s Reaktiv harakatlanish laboratoriyasi (JPL) signed up for the Kinect for Windows Developer program in November 2013 to use the new Kinect to manipulate a robotic arm in combination with an Oculus Rift Virtual reallik headset, creating "the most immersive interface" the unit had built to date.^[173]

Qabul qilish

Xbox 360 uchun Kinect

Qabul qilish
Ballarni ko'rib chiqing Nashr Xol CVG 8.8/10[174] O'yin haqida ma'lumot 8/10[175] IGN 7.5/10[176] CNET 3.5/5[177] Engadget 6/10[178] USA Today [179] TechRadar [180] Washington Post [181] Kompyuter jurnali 4/5[182] O'yin gurusi 9/10 [183] Tech Shout 9.2/10 [184]

Upon its release, the Kinect garnered generally positive opinions from reviewers and critics. IGN gave the device 7.5 out of 10, saying that "Kinect can be a tremendous amount of fun for casual players, and the creative, controller-free concept is undeniably appealing", though adding that for "$149.99, a motion-tracking camera add-on for Xbox 360 is a tough sell, especially considering that the entry level variation of Xbox 360 itself is only $199.99".^[176] O'yin haqida ma'lumot rated Kinect 8 out of 10, praising the technology but noting that the experience takes a while to get used to and that the spatial requirement may pose a barrier.^[175] Kompyuter va video o'yinlar called the device a technological gem and applauded the gesture and voice controls, while criticizing the launch lineup and Kinect Hub.^[174]

CNET 's review pointed out how Kinect keeps players active with its full-body motion sensing but criticized the learning curve, the additional power supply needed for older Xbox 360 consoles and the space requirements.^[177] Engadget, too, listed the large space requirements as a negative, along with Kinect's launch lineup and the slowness of the hand gesture UI. The review praised the system's powerful technology and the potential of its yoga and dance games.^[178] Kotaku considered the device revolutionary upon first use but noted that games were sometimes unable to recognize gestures or had slow responses, concluding that Kinect is "not must-own yet, more like must-eventually own."^[185] TechRadar praised the voice control and saw a great deal of potential in the device whose lag and space requirements were identified as issues.^[180] Gizmodo also noted Kinect's potential and expressed curiosity in how more mainstream titles would utilize the technology.^[186] Ars Technica "s review expressed concern that the core feature of Kinect, its lack of a controller, would hamper development of games beyond those that have either stationary players or control the player's movement automatically.^[187]

The mainstream press also reviewed Kinect. USA Today compared it to the futuristic control scheme seen in Ozchiliklar haqida hisobot, stating that "playing games feels great" and giving the device 3.5 out of 4 stars.^[179] Devid Pogue dan The New York Times predicted players will feel a "crazy, magical, omigosh rush the first time you try the Kinect." Despite calling the motion tracking less precise than Wii 's implementation, Pogue concluded that "Kinect’s astonishing technology creates a completely new activity that’s social, age-spanning and even athletic."^[188] Globe and Mail titled Kinect as setting a "new standard for motion control." The slight input lag between making a physical movement and Kinect registering it was not considered a major issue with most games, and the review called Kinect "a good and innovative product," rating it 3.5 out of 4 stars.^[189]

Kinect for Xbox One

Although featuring improved performance over the original Kinect, its successor has been subject to mixed responses. In its Xbox One review, Engadget praised Xbox One's Kinect functionality, such as face recognition login and improved motion tracking, but that whilst "magical", "every false positive or unrecognized [voice] command had us reaching for the controller."^[190] The Kinect's inability to understand some accents in English was criticized.^[191] Yozish Vaqt, Matt Peckham described the device as being "chunky" in appearance, but that the facial recognition login feature was "creepy but equally sci-fi-future cool", and that the new voice recognition system was a "powerful, addictive way to navigate the console, and save for a few exceptions that seem to be smoothing out with use". However, its accuracy was found to be affected by background noise, and Peckham further noted that launching games using voice recognition required that the full title of the game be given rather than an abbreviated name that the console "ought to semantically understand", such as Forza Motorsport 5 rather than "Forza 5".^[192]

Prior to Xbox One's launch, maxfiylik concerns were raised over the new Kinect; critics showed concerns the device could be used for nazorat, stemming from the originally announced requirements that Xbox One's Kinect be plugged in at all times, plus the initial har doim ishlaydigan DRM system that required the console to be connected to the internet to ensure continued functionality. Privacy advocates contended that the increased amount of data which could be collected with the new Kinect (such as a person's eye movements, heart rate, and mood) could be used for maqsadli reklama. Reports also surfaced regarding recent Microsoft patentlar involving Kinect, such as a DRM system based on detecting the number of viewers in a room, and tracking viewing habits by awarding yutuqlar for watching television programs and reklama. While Microsoft stated that its Maxfiylik siyosati "prohibit[s] the collection, storage, or use of Kinect data for the purpose of advertising", critics did not rule out the possibility that these policies could be changed prior to the release of the console. Concerns were also raised that the device could also record conversations, as its microphone remains active at all times. In response to the criticism, a Microsoft spokesperson stated that users are "in control of when Kinect sensing is On, Off or Paused", will be provided with key privacy information and settings during the console's initial setup, and that user-generated content such as photos and videos "will not leave your Xbox One without your explicit permission."^{[57][58][59][60]} Microsoft ultimately decided to reverse its decision to require Kinect usage on Xbox One, but the console still shipped with the device upon its launch in November 2013.^[62]

Sotish

While announcing Kinect's discontinuation in an interview with Fast Co. dizayni on October 25, 2017, Microsoft stated that 35 million units had been sold since its release.^[10] 24 million units of Kinect had been shipped by February 2013.^[193] Having sold 8 million units in its first 60 days on the market, Kinect claimed the Ginnesning Rekordlar kitobi of being the "fastest selling consumer electronics device".^{[194][195][196][197]} According to Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter, Kinect bundles accounted for about half of all Xbox 360 console sales in December 2010 and for more than two-thirds in February 2011.^[198][199] More than 750,000 Kinect units were sold during the week of Black Friday 2011.^[200][201]

Other motion controllers

Kinect competes with several harakatni boshqarish moslamalari on other home consoles, such as Wii masofadan boshqarish, Wii Remote Plus va Wii balans kengashi uchun Wii va Wii U, PlayStation Move va PlayStation Eye uchun PlayStation 3 va PlayStation kamerasi uchun PlayStation 4.

Mukofotlar

• The mashinada o'rganish work on human motion capture within Kinect won the 2011 MacRobert Award for engineering innovation.^[202]
• Kinect Won T3 's "Gadget of the Year" award for 2011.^[203] It also won the "Gaming Gadget of the Year" prize.^[204]
• 'Microsoft Kinect for Windows Software Development Kit' was ranked second in "The 10 Most Innovative Tech Products of 2011" at Mashhur mexanika Breakthrough Awards ceremony in New York City.^[205][206]
• Microsoft Kinect for Windows won Innovation of the Year in the 2012 Seattle 2.0 Startup Awards.^[207]

Shuningdek qarang

• Dreameye
• EyeToy
• Sega Activator
• Xbox Live Vision

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt Xbox + Kinect uchun
• Rasmiy veb-sayt Windows uchun Kinect uchun
• Kinect pleylist rasmiy YouTube Xbox kanalida
• KinectShare KinectShare.com
• Kinect-ning iFixit buzilishi
• Patentga talabnoma Kinect bilan bog'liq
• Windows SDK uchun Kinect
• Parvoz vaqti va kinetik tasvirlash
• Windows Blog uchun rasmiy KINECT