Raspberry Pi - Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
Shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan	RPi
Ishlab chiqarilish sanasi	2012 yil 24 fevral; 8 yil oldin (2012-02-24) (Asl) 24 iyun 2019; 17 oy oldin (2019-06-24) (Joriy)
Kirish narxi	35 AQSh dollari (Pi 4 2 GiB)[1] 55 AQSh dollari (Pi 4 4 GiB)[2] 75 AQSh dollari (Pi 4 8 ​​GiB)[3]
Operatsion tizim	FreeBSD Linux NetBSD OpenBSD 9-reja RISC OS Windows 10 ARM64 Windows 10 IoT Core[4]
Chipdagi tizim	Pi 3 A +: Broadcom BCM2837B0[5] Pi 4 B: Broadcom BCM2711B0[5] Nolinchi V: Broadcom BCM2835[5] CM 3+: Broadcom BCM2837B0[6]
Markaziy protsessor	Pi 3 A +: 1.4 Gigagertsli to'rt yadroli A53 64-bit[5] Pi 4 B: 1.5 Gigagertsli to'rt yadroli A72 64-bit[5] Nolinchi V: 1 Gigagertsli ARM11 32-bit[5] CM 3+: 1.2 Gigagertsli to'rt yadroli A53 64-bit[6]
Xotira	Pi 3 A +: 512 MiB LPDDR2 SDRAM[5] Pi 4 B: 2, 4 yoki 8 GiB LPDDR4 -3200 SDRAM[7][3] Nolinchi V: 512 MiB LPDDR2 SDRAM[8] CM 3+: 1 GiB LPDDR2 SDRAM[6]
Saqlash	MicroSDHC uyasi, USB ommaviy saqlash yuklash uchun qurilma[9]
Grafika	Pi 3 A +: Broadcom VideoCore IV 400 MGts[10] Pi 4 B: Broadcom VideoCore VI 500 MGts[11] Nolinchi V: Broadcom VideoCore IV[12] CM 3+: Broadcom VideoCore IV[10]
Quvvat	5 V; 3 A (USB qurilmalariga to'liq quvvat etkazib berish uchun)[13]
Veb-sayt	malina.org

Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) kichik bir qator bitta taxtali kompyuterlar da ishlab chiqilgan Birlashgan Qirollik tomonidan Raspberry Pi fondi bilan birgalikda Broadcom.^[14] Dastlab Raspberry Pi loyihasi o'qitishning asosiy yo'nalishini targ'ib qilishga intildi Kompyuter fanlari maktablarda va rivojlanayotgan davlatlar.^[15][16][17] Keyinchalik, asl model kutilganidan ancha mashhur bo'lib ketdi,^[18] uning tashqarisida sotish maqsadli bozor kabi foydalanish uchun robototexnika. Hozir u ko'plab sohalarda keng qo'llaniladi, masalan, ob-havo monitoringi,^[19] arzonligi, modulligi va ochiq dizayni tufayli.

Ikkinchi taxta turi chiqarilgandan so'ng, Raspberry Pi Foundation Raspberry Pi Trading nomli yangi tashkilot yaratdi va o'rnatdi Eben Apton kabi Bosh ijrochi direktor, texnologiyani rivojlantirish mas'uliyati bilan.^[20] Jamg'arma maktablarda va rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda asosiy kompyuter fanlarini o'qitishni targ'ib qilish uchun ta'lim xayriya tashkiloti sifatida qayta tashkil etildi.

Rasperry Pi-ning sotilgan birliklari

Raspberry Pi eng ko'p sotiladiganlardan biri Britaniya kompyuterlari.^[21] 2019 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra o'ttiz milliondan ortiq taxta sotildi.^[22] Ko'pchilik Pis a Sony fabrika Pencoed, Uels,^[23] boshqalar Xitoy va Yaponiyada ishlab chiqarilgan.^[24]

Avlodlar

Raspberry Pi Zero, 7 AQSh dollarlik model birinchi marta 2015 yilda taqdim etilgan

Raspberry Pi 3 B +, 2018 yilda taqdim etilgan

Raspberry Pi 4 B 2019 yilda taqdim etilgan

Malinali Pisning bir necha avlodi chiqarildi. Barcha modellar a Broadcom chipdagi tizim (SoC) o'rnatilgan ARM - mos keladi markaziy protsessor (Protsessor) va chipdagi grafik ishlov berish birligi (GPU).

Birinchi avlod (Raspberry Pi modeli B) 2012 yil fevral oyida chiqarildi, so'ngra eng sodda va arzonroq Model A. 2014 yilda Jamg'arma takomillashtirilgan dizayni bilan kengash chiqardi, Raspberry Pi Model B +. Ushbu birinchi avlod taxtalari xususiyati ARM11 protsessorlari, taxminan kredit karta o'lchamiga ega va standartni anglatadi asosiy yo'nalish form-faktor. Yaxshilangan A + va B + modellari bir yildan so'ng chiqarildi. A "Hisoblash moduli" uchun 2014 yil aprel oyida chiqarilgan o'rnatilgan dasturlar.

The Raspberry Pi 2 2015 yil fevral oyida chiqarilgan va dastlab 900 MGts 32 bitli to'rt yadroli xususiyatga ega edi ARM Cortex-A7 1 Gbayt RAMga ega protsessor. Keyingi versiyalarida 1,2 gigagertsli tezlik mavjud edi 64-bit to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A53 protsessor.^[25]

A Raspberry Pi Zero kichikroq o'lchamdagi va qisqartirilgan kirish / chiqish (I / O) va umumiy maqsadli kirish / chiqish (GPIO) imkoniyatlari 2015 yil noyabr oyida 5 AQSh dollariga chiqarildi. 2017 yil 28-fevral kuni Raspberry Pi Zero V Wi-Fi va Bluetooth imkoniyatlariga ega bo'lgan Zero-ning versiyasi, 10 AQSh dollariga sotuvga chiqarildi.^[26][27] 2018 yil 12-yanvar kuni Raspberry Pi Zero WH ishga tushirildi, oldindan tikilgan GPIO sarlavhalari bo'lgan Zero W versiyasi.^[28]

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B 2016 yil fevral oyida 1,2 gigagertsli 64-bit bilan chiqarildi to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A53 protsessor, bortda 802.11n Wi-fi, Bluetooth va USB yuklash imkoniyatlari.^[29] Yoqilgan Pi kuni 2018, the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B + 1,4 gigagertsli tezroq protsessor va uch baravar tezroq ishga tushirildi gigabit chekilgan (ishlab chiqarish quvvati 300 ga yaqinMbit / s ichki USB 2.0 ulanish orqali) yoki 2,4 / 5 gigagertsli dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi (100 Mbit / s).^[30] Boshqa xususiyatlar Ethernet orqali quvvat (PoE) (qo'shimcha PoE bilan Shlyapa ), USB yuklash va tarmoqni yuklash (an SD-karta endi talab qilinmaydi).

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 2019 yil iyun oyida chiqarilgan^[2] 1,5 gigagertsli 64 bitli to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A72 protsessor, 802.11ac bortida Wi-fi, Bluetooth 5, to'liq gigabit chekilgan (o'tkazish qobiliyati cheklanmagan), ikkitasi USB 2.0 portlar, ikkitasi USB 3.0 portlar va er-xotin monitor orqali qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan micro HDMI juftligi (HDMI turi D ) gacha bo'lgan portlar 4K piksellar sonini. Pi 4 shuningdek, a orqali quvvatlanadi USB-C mos keladigan PSU bilan foydalanilganda quyi oqim atrof-muhit qurilmalariga qo'shimcha quvvat berilishini ta'minlaydigan port. Dastlabki Raspberry Pi 4 taxtasida uchinchi tomonning dizayni nuqsoni bor elektron belgi Apple MacBooks-da ishlatiladigan USB kabellari uni noto'g'ri aniqlaydi va quvvat berishni rad etadi.^[31][32] Tomning uskuna 14 xil kabelni sinovdan o'tkazdi va ularning 11 tasi yoqilganligini va Pi ni muammosiz quvvatlantirganligini aniqladi.^[33] Dizayndagi kamchiliklar 2019 yil oxirida chiqarilgan taxtaning 1.2-versiyasida tuzatilgan.^[34]

Raspberry Pi 400 to'plami

2020 yil noyabr oyida Raspberry Pi Foundation Raspberry Pi 400-ni e'lon qildi, u mavjud Raspberry Pi 4-dan olingan va klaviatura biriktirilgan holda qayta tiklangan. Raspberry Pi 4 ga qaraganda 4 Gbayt LPDDR4 operativ xotirasi bilan taqqoslaganda bir oz yuqori soatlik 1,8 gigagertsli Broadcom BCM2711C0 protsessori mavjud.

Uskuna

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "Raspberry Pi"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (Noyabr 2020) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Raspberry Pi apparati bir nechta versiyalar orqali rivojlanib, unda markaziy protsessor turi, miqdori o'zgaradi xotira quvvat, tarmoqni qo'llab-quvvatlash va periferik qurilmalarni qo'llab-quvvatlash.

Ushbu blok-sxema B va B + modellarini tavsiflaydi; Model A, A + va Pi Zero o'xshash, ammo etishmayapti Ethernet va USB markaz komponentlari. Ethernet adapteri qo'shimcha ravishda USB portiga ulangan. Model A, A + va Pi Zero-da USB port to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanadi chipdagi tizim (SoC). Pi 1 Model B + va undan keyingi modellarda USB / Ethernet chipida beshta portli USB uyasi mavjud bo'lib, ulardan to'rtta port mavjud, Pi 1 Model B esa ikkitasini beradi. Pi Zero-da USB port to'g'ridan-to'g'ri SoC-ga ulangan, ammo u a dan foydalanadi micro USB (OTG) port. Boshqa barcha Pi modellaridan farqli o'laroq, 40 pinli GPIO ulagichi Pi Zero-da o'chirilgan, faqat teshik joylarda lehimlanadigan teshiklari mavjud. Pi Zero WH buni davolaydi.

Protsessorning tezligi Pi 3 Model B + uchun 700 MGts dan 1,4 gigagertsgacha yoki Pi 4 uchun 1,5 gigagertsgacha; bortdagi xotira 256 dan iboratMiB 1 gaGiB tezkor kirish xotirasi (RAM), Pi 4-da 8 Gigabaytgacha foydalanish mumkin. Secure Digital MicroSDHC form-faktoridagi (SD) kartalar (dastlabki modellarda SDHC) operatsion tizim va dastur xotirasini saqlash uchun ishlatiladi. Taxtalarda bittadan beshtagacha bor USB portlar. Video chiqishi uchun, HDMI va kompozit video standart 3,5 mm bo'lgan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi uchi halqa audio chiqish uchun jak. Quyi darajadagi mahsulot bir qator tomonidan ta'minlanadi GPIO kabi umumiy protokollarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan pinlar I²C. B modellarida an 8P8C Ethernet port va Pi 3, Pi 4 va Pi Zero W bortga ega Wi-fi 802.11n va Bluetooth.^[36]

Protsessor

Raspberry Pi 2B 32-bitli 900 MGts to'rt yadroli foydalanadi ARM Cortex-A7 protsessor.

Raspberry Pi birinchi avlodida ishlatiladigan Broadcom BCM2835 SoC^[37] 700 ni o'z ichiga oladiMGts ARM11 76JZF-S protsessori, VideoCore IV grafik ishlov berish birligi (GPU),^[38] va RAM. Uning darajasi 1 (L1) kesh 16 danKiB va 128 KiB 2-darajali (L2) kesh. The 2-darajali kesh asosan GPU tomonidan ishlatiladi. SoC shunday to'plangan RAM chipining ostida, shuning uchun faqat uning chekkasi ko'rinadi. ARM1176JZ (F) -S - ishlatiladigan CPU bilan bir xil original iPhone,^[39] balandroq bo'lsa ham soat tezligi va juda tezroq GPU bilan bog'langan.

Raspberry Pi 2 ning oldingi V1.1 modeli 900 MGts chastotali Broadcom BCM2836 SoC dan foydalangan 32-bit, to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A7 protsessor, 256 KiB bilan birgalikda L2 keshini.^[40] Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 1,2 gigagertsli Broadcom BCM2837 SoC-ga yangilandi. 64-bit to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A53 protsessor,^[25] Raspberry Pi 3-da ishlatiladigan bir xil SoC, ammo underclocked (sukut bo'yicha) V1.1 bilan bir xil 900 MGts protsessor soat tezligiga. BCM2836 SoC endi 2016 yil oxiridan boshlab ishlab chiqarilmaydi.

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B 1,2 gigagertsli 64 bitli to'rt yadroli Broadcom BCM2837 SoC dan foydalanadi. ARM Cortex-A53 protsessor, 512 KiB bilan birgalikda L2 keshini. A + va B + modeli 1,4 gigagertsli chastotani tashkil etadi^[41][42][43]

Raspberry Pi 4 1,5 gigagertsli 64 bitli to'rt yadroli Broadcom BCM2711 SoC dan foydalanadi ARM Cortex-A72 protsessor, 1 MiB bilan birgalikda L2 keshini.^[44][45] Hammasi odat tusiga kirgan avvalgi modellardan farqli o'laroq uzishni boshqaruvchi virtualizatsiya uchun juda mos bo'lmagan, ushbu SoC-dagi uzilishlarni boshqarish vositasi ARM Generic Interrupt Controller (GIC) arxitekturasi 2.0 bilan mos keladi va ARM virtualizatsiya imkoniyatlaridan foydalanganda uzilishlarni taqsimlash uchun apparatni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.^[46][47]

Raspberry Pi Zero va Zero W, birinchi avlod Raspberry Pi kabi Broadcom BCM2835 SoC-dan foydalanadi, garchi hozirda 1 gigagertsli protsessor soat tezligida ishlaydi.^[48]

Ishlash

Odatiy ravishda 700 MGts chastotada ishlayotgan Raspberry Pi birinchi avlod 0,041 ga teng bo'lgan haqiqiy ishlashni ta'minladiGFLOPS.^[49][50] Ustida Markaziy protsessor darajadagi ishlash 300 MGts ga o'xshash Pentium II 1997–99 yillar. GPU 1-ni taqdim etadiGpixel / s yoki 1.5Gtexel / s grafik ishlov berish yoki umumiy maqsadli hisoblashning 24 ta GFLOPS. Raspberry Pi-ning grafik imkoniyatlari taxminan ishlashiga tengdir Xbox 2001 yil.

Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 to'rt yadroli o'z ichiga oladi Cortex-A7 900 MGts chastotali va 1 Gbayt RAM. U avvalgisiga nisbatan 4-6 barobar kuchliroq deb ta'riflangan. GPU asl nusxasi bilan bir xil edi.^[40] Parallellashtirilgan mezonlarda Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 Raspberry Pi 1 Model B + ga nisbatan 14 baravar tezroq bo'lishi mumkin.^[51]

Raspberry Pi 3, to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A53 protsessor, Raspberry Pi 1 ning o'n barobar ishlashiga ega deb ta'riflanadi.^[52] Ko'rsatkichlar Raspberry Pi 3 ning Raspberry Pi 2 ga nisbatan taxminan 80% tezroq ekanligini ko'rsatdi parallel vazifalar.^[53]

Raspberry Pi 4, to'rt yadroli ARM Cortex-A72 protsessor, Raspberry Pi 3 ning uch barobar ishlashiga ega deb ta'riflanadi.^[2]

Overclocking

Ko'pchilik Raspberry Pi chipdagi tizimlar bo'lishi mumkin overclocked 800 MGts gacha, ba'zilari esa 1000 MGts gacha. Raspberry Pi 2-ni xuddi shunday overclock qilish mumkinligi, o'ta og'ir holatlarda, hatto 1500 MGts gacha bo'lishi mumkinligi haqida xabarlar mavjud (barcha xavfsizlik xususiyatlari va haddan tashqari kuchlanish cheklovlari). In Raspbian Linux tarqatish overclocking parametrlari yoqilgan yuklash "sudo raspi-config" ishlaydigan dasturiy ta'minot tomonidan kafolatni bekor qilmasdan amalga oshirilishi mumkin.^[54] Bunday hollarda, Pi avtomatik ravishda overclockni o'chiradi, agar chip harorat 85 ° C (185 ° F) ga etadi, lekin ortiqcha kuchlanish va overclock parametrlarini bekor qilish mumkin (kafolatni bekor qilish); tegishli o'lchamdagi kuler chipni jiddiydan himoya qilish uchun kerak haddan tashqari issiqlik.

Ning yangi versiyalari proshivka tarkibida beshta overclock ("turbo") oldindan o'rnatishni tanlash imkoniyati mavjud, ular ishlatilganda, taxtaning ishlash muddatini buzmasdan SoC ishlashini maksimal darajada oshirishga harakat qiladi. Bu chipning asosiy haroratini va CPU yuklanishi va dinamik ravishda sozlash soat tezligi va yadro kuchlanishi. Agar protsessorga talab kam bo'lsa yoki u juda issiq ishlayotgan bo'lsa, ishlash ko'rsatkichi shunday bo'ladi gazlangan, lekin agar protsessorda juda ko'p narsa bo'lsa va chipning harorati qabul qilinadigan bo'lsa, ishlash vaqtincha plataning versiyasiga va turbo sozlamalardan qaysi biriga bog'liqligiga qarab 1 gigagertsgacha bo'lgan tezlik bilan oshiriladi.

Overclocking rejimlari:

• yo'q; 700 MGts ARM, 250 MGts yadro, 400 MGts SDRAM, 0 haddan tashqari kuchlanish,
• kamtarin; 800 MGts ARM, 250 MGts yadro, 400 MGts SDRAM, 0 haddan tashqari kuchlanish,
• o'rta; 900 MGts ARM, 250 MGts yadro, 450 MGts SDRAM, 2 ta haddan tashqari kuchlanish,
• yuqori; 950 MGts ARM, 250 MGts yadro, 450 MGts SDRAM, 6 ta haddan tashqari kuchlanish,
• turbo; 1000 MGts ARM, 500 MGts yadro, 600 MGts SDRAM, 6 ta haddan tashqari kuchlanish,
• Pi 2; 1000 MGts ARM, 500 MGts yadro, 500 MGts SDRAM, 2 ta haddan tashqari kuchlanish,
• Pi 3; 1100 MGts ARM, 550 MGts yadro, 500 MGts SDRAM, 6 ta haddan tashqari kuchlanish. Tizim ma'lumotlarida protsessor tezligi 1200 MGts kabi ko'rinadi. Bo'sh ish paytida tezlik 600 MGts ga tushadi.^[54][55]

Eng yuqori qismida (turbo) SDRAM soat tezligi dastlab 500 MGts edi, lekin keyinchalik SD-kartaning buzilishi sababli 600 MGts ga o'zgartirildi. Bir vaqtning o'zida, ichida yuqori rejimida yadro soat tezligi 450 dan 250 MGts gacha tushirildi va o'rta 333 dan 250 MGts gacha bo'lgan rejim.

Raspberry Pi kartasining birinchi va ikkinchi avlod protsessori issiqlik batareyasi bilan sovutishni talab qilmadi yoki muxlis, hatto overclock qilinganida ham, lekin Raspberry Pi 3 overclock qilinganida ko'proq issiqlik hosil qilishi mumkin.^[56]

Ram

Raspberry Pi Model A va B plitalarining dastlabki dizaynlarida atigi 256 MiB mavjud edi tasodifiy kirish xotirasi (RAM). Buning dastlabki B beta-versiyasi platalari protsessor uchun 128 Mbaytni qoldirib, sukut bo'yicha GPUga 128 Mbayt ajratdi.^[57] A va B modellarining 256 MiB-ning dastlabki versiyalarida uch xil bo'linish mumkin edi. Standart bo'linish CPU uchun 192 MiB ni tashkil etdi, bu mustaqil 1080p video dekodlash uchun yoki oddiy 3D ishlov berish uchun etarli bo'lishi kerak. 224 MiB faqat Linuxni qayta ishlashga mo'ljallangan, faqat 1080p ramka buferi va har qanday video yoki 3D uchun ishlamay qolishi mumkin edi. 128 MiB og'ir 3D ishlov berish uchun, ehtimol videoni dekodlash bilan ham ta'minlangan.^[58] Taqqoslash uchun Nokia 701 Broadcom VideoCore IV uchun 128 MiB dan foydalanadi.^[59]

Keyinchalik 512 MiB RAMga ega B modeli 2012 yil 15 oktyabrda chiqarildi va dastlab 256 MiB, 384 MiB va 496 MiB CPU RAM bilan yangi standart xotira ajratilgan fayllari (arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) bilan chiqarildi. va mos ravishda 256 MiB, 128 MiB va 16 MiB video RAM bilan. Ammo taxminan bir hafta o'tgach, fond config.txt (gpu_mem =) da yangi yozuvni o'qiy oladigan start.elfning yangi versiyasini chiqardi.xx) va xotirani ajratishning eski usulini eskirgan holda GPU-ga dinamik ravishda (8 dan 8 MiB bosqichda 16 dan 256 MiBgacha) RAM tayinlashi mumkin edi va o'zi 256 MiB va 512 MiB Raspberry Pis uchun bir xil ishladi.^[60]

Raspberry Pi 2 operativ xotirasida 1 GiB mavjud. Raspberry Pi 3 B va B + modellarida 1 Gbayt RAMga, A + modelida 512 Mbayt RAMga ega.^[61][62][63] Raspberry Pi Zero va Zero W 512 MiB RAMga ega.

Raspberry Pi 4 operativ xotirasi 2, 4 yoki 8 GiB bilan ta'minlanadi.^[64] Dastlab 1 GiB modeli 2019 yil iyun oyida sotuvga chiqarilishi mumkin edi, ammo 2020 yil mart oyida ishlab chiqarilishi to'xtatildi,^[1] va 8 GiB modeli 2020 yil may oyida taqdim etilgan.^[3]

Tarmoq

Model A, A + va Pi Zero chekilgan elektron tizimiga ega emas va odatda tashqi foydalanuvchi tomonidan ta'minlangan USB chekilgan yoki tarmoq yordamida ulangan. Wi-fi adapter. Ustida B va B + modellari chekilgan port SMSC LAN9514 chipidan foydalangan holda o'rnatilgan USB chekilgan adapter tomonidan ta'minlanadi.^[65] Raspberry Pi 3 va Pi Zero W (simsiz) 2,4 gigagertsli WiFi bilan jihozlangan 802.11n (150 Mbit / s) va Bluetooth 4.1 (24 Mbit / s) Broadcom BCM43438 asosida FullMAC rasmiy qo'llab-quvvatlanmaydigan chip monitor rejimi (garchi u norasmiy dasturiy ta'minotni tuzatish orqali amalga oshirilgan bo'lsa ham^[66]) va Pi 3-da 10/100 Mbit / s chekilgan port mavjud. Raspberry Pi 3B + dual-bandga ega IEEE 802.11b / g / n / ac WiFi, Bluetooth 4.2 va Gigabit chekilgan (tomonidan 300 Mbit / s bilan cheklangan USB 2.0 u bilan SoC o'rtasida avtobus). Raspberry Pi 4 to'liq gigabit chekilgan (ishlash qobiliyati cheklanmagan, chunki u USB chip orqali uzatilmaydi.)

Maxsus maqsadli xususiyatlar

RPi Zero, RPi1A va RPi3A + ^[67] sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin USB qurilma yoki "USB gadjet", boshqa kompyuterga USB port orqali boshqa kompyuterga ulangan. Uni turli xil usullar bilan sozlash mumkin, masalan, ketma-ket qurilma yoki chekilgan qurilma sifatida ko'rsatish uchun.^[68] Dastlab dasturiy ta'minot yamoqlarini talab qilsa-da, 2016 yil may oyida asosiy Raspbian tarqatilishiga qo'shildi.^[68]

RPi 3 USB-dan, masalan, flesh-diskdan yuklashi mumkin.^[69] Boshqa modellardagi dasturiy ta'minot cheklovlari tufayli RPi 2B v1.2, 3A +, 3B va 3B + buni amalga oshirishi mumkin bo'lgan yagona taxtadir.

Tashqi qurilmalar

Model 2B plitalari atrof-muhit birliklarini ulash uchun to'rtta USB portni o'z ichiga oladi.

A sifatida ishlash uchun ko'pincha oldindan tuzilgan bo'lsa-da boshsiz kompyuter, Raspberry Pi ham ixtiyoriy ravishda har qanday umumiy bilan ishlatilishi mumkin USB kompyuter klaviaturasi va sichqoncha.^[70] Bundan tashqari, u USB operatsion tizimida o'rnatilgan qurilma drayverlariga qarab, USB xotirasi, USB dan MIDI konvertorlari va deyarli har qanday boshqa uskuna / komponentlar bilan ishlatilishi mumkin (ularning ko'pchiligi sukut bo'yicha kiritilgan).

Raspberry Pi sirtidagi turli xil pinlar va ulagichlar orqali boshqa atrof-muhit birliklari biriktirilishi mumkin.^[71]

Video

Raspberry Pi 1 Model A, HDMI porti va eski displeylar uchun standart RCA kompozit video portiga ega

Video tekshiruvi HD va kabi zamonaviy zamonaviy televizor o'lchamlarini yaratishi mumkin To'liq HD va undan yuqori yoki pastroq monitor o'lchamlari hamda eski NTSC yoki PAL standartlari CRT Televizion o'lchamlari. Jo'natilgan holda (ya'ni, maxsus overclockingsiz) u quyidagi o'lchamlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashi mumkin: 640 × 350 EGA; 640×480 VGA; 800×600 SVGA; 1024×768 XGA; 1280×720 720p HDTV; 1280×768 WXGA variant; 1280 × 800 WXGA variant; 1280 × 1024 SXGA; 1366×768 WXGA variant; 1400 × 1050 SXGA +; 1600×1200 UXGA; 1680×1050 WXGA +; 1920×1080 1080p HDTV; 1920×1200 WUXGA.^[72]

2048 × 1152 gacha bo'lgan yuqori piksellar sonini ishlashi mumkin^[73][74] yoki hatto 15 Hz-da 3840 × 2160 (videoni ishontirish uchun juda past kvadrat tezligi).^[75] Eng yuqori rezolyutsiyaga ruxsat berish GPU ushbu rezolyutsiyada video formatini dekodlashi mumkin degani emas; aslida, Pis ishonchli ishlamasligi ma'lum H.265 (ushbu yuqori qarorlarda),^{[iqtibos kerak ]} odatda juda yuqori rezolyutsiyada ishlatiladi (ammo Full HD formatidagi eng keng tarqalgan format ishlaydi).

Raspberry Pi 3-da H.265 dekodlash apparati bo'lmasa-da, protsessor avvalgilariga qaraganda kuchliroq, dasturiy ta'minotda H.265-kodlangan videolarning dekodlanishiga imkon beradigan darajada tezdir.^[76] Raspberry Pi 3-dagi GPU 250 MGts chastotada ishlaydigan oldingi versiyalarga nisbatan 300 MGts yoki 400 MGts yuqori chastotalarda ishlaydi.^[77]

Malinali Pis ham ishlab chiqarishi mumkin 576i va 480i kompozit video eskirgan (CRT) televizor ekranlarida va arzon ulangan monitorlarda standart ulagichlar orqali ishlatilgan signallar - modelga qarab RCA yoki 3,5 mm fono ulagichi. Televizion signallarning standartlari qo'llab-quvvatlanadi PAL-BGHID, KAFT, PAL-N, NTSC va NTSC-J.^[78]

Ixtiyoriy real vaqt soati

Pi 4 B-ni joriy etishdan boshlab, Raspberry Pi-ning biron bir modeli o'rnatilgan emas real vaqt soati. Yuklash paytida vaqt standart sifatida tarmoq orqali o'rnatiladi Tarmoq uchun vaqt protokoli. Vaqt haqida ma'lumot manbai mahalliy tarmoqdagi boshqa kompyuter bo'lishi mumkin qiladi real vaqtda soatni yoki a-ni tanlang NTP-server Internetda, bu o'z navbatida atom soatlaridan vaqt haqida ma'lumot oladi Milliy standartlar va texnologiyalar instituti (NIST). Agar tarmoqqa ulanish imkoniyati mavjud bo'lmasa, vaqt qo'lda o'rnatilishi yoki o'chirish vaqtida vaqt o'tmagan deb hisoblanishi mumkin. Ikkinchi holatda, vaqt monotonik (keyinchalik saqlangan fayllar har doim keyinroq vaqt tamg'alariga ega), lekin haqiqiy vaqtdan ancha oldinroq bo'lishi mumkin. O'rnatilgan real vaqtda soatni talab qiladigan tizimlar uchun real vaqtda soatlarga ega bo'lgan bir qator kichik, arzon narxlardagi qo'shimcha taxtalar mavjud.^[79][80]

Ulagichlar

Umumiy maqsadli kirish-chiqarish (GPIO) ulagichi

Raspberry Pi 1 modellari A + va B +, Pi 2 Model B, Pi 3 modellari A +, B va B +, Pi 4 va Pi Zero, Zero W va Zero WH GPIO J8 modellari 40-pinli teshikka ega.^[81][82] Raspberry Pi 1 A va B modellarida faqat dastlabki 26 pin mavjud.^[83][84][85]

Pi Zero va Zero W-da 40 ta GPIO pinlari joylashtirilmagan, buning o'rniga lehimlash uchun teshiklari ochilgan. Zero WH (Wireless + Header) sarlavha pinlari oldindan o'rnatilgan.

Model B rev. 2-da qo'shimcha 4 ta GPIO ulanish imkoniyatini taqdim etadigan 8 ta pinli (taxtada P5 va sxemada P6 deb nomlangan) pad mavjud.^[86] Ushbu GPIO pinlari 1.0 versiyasida keltirilgan to'rtta taxtali versiyasini identifikatsiya qilish havolalari o'chirilganda bo'shatildi.^[87]

A va B modellari GPIO 16 yordamida ACT holatidagi LED-ga GPIO-ni taqdim etadi. A + va B + modellari GPIO 47-dan foydalangan holda ACT holatidagi LED-ga GPIO-ni va GPIO 35-dan foydalangan holda LED-ni ta'minlaydi.

Texnik xususiyatlari

Soddalashtirilgan Model B Changelog

Dasturiy ta'minot

Operatsion tizimlar

Raspberry Pi uchun turli xil operatsion tizimlarni taxta va mavjud adapterlarga qarab MicroSD, MiniSD yoki SD-kartaga o'rnatish mumkin; Raspberry Pi 2 taxtasining pastki qismida joylashgan MicroSD uyasi.

Raspberry Pi fondi beradi Raspberry Pi OS (avval Raspbian deb nomlangan), a Debian asoslangan (32-bit) Linux tarqatish yuklab olish uchun, shuningdek uchinchi tomon Ubuntu, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS va LibreELEC (ixtisoslashgan media-markaz tarqatish).^[137] Bu targ'ib qiladi Python va Chizish boshqa ko'plab tillarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan asosiy dasturlash tillari sifatida.^[138] Odatiy proshivka bu yopiq manba, norasmiy bo'lsa ham ochiq manba mavjud.^{[139][140][141]} Raspberry Pi-da boshqa ko'plab operatsion tizimlar ham ishlashi mumkin. Rasmiy veb-sayt orqali mavjud bo'lgan uchinchi tomon operatsion tizimlariga quyidagilar kiradi Ubuntu MATE, Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS va uchun ixtisoslashtirilgan tarqatish Kodi media-markaz va sinflarni boshqarish.^[142] Rasmiy ravishda tasdiqlangan mikrokernel seL4 ham qo'llab-quvvatlanadi.^[143]

Boshqa operatsion tizimlar (Linux asosida emas)

• Broadcom VCOS - mavjud yadrolar bilan integratsiya qilish uchun mo'ljallangan abstraktsiya qatlamini o'z ichiga olgan xususiy operatsion tizim, masalan. ThreadX (VideoCore4 protsessorida ishlatiladi), dasturlarni ishlab chiqish uchun drayverlar va vositalarni taqdim etadi. Raspberry Pi-ga ARM protsessorlarini ishga tushirish va uning dasturiy ta'minoti sifatida xizmat qiluvchi pochta qutisi interfeysi orqali ommaviy hujjatlashtirilgan API-ni taqdim etish uchun dastur kiradi. A ning to'liq bo'lmagan manbasi Linux VCOS porti Broadcom tomonidan nashr etilgan mos yozuvlar grafik drayveri tarkibida mavjud.^[144]
• RISC OS Pi (Pi 1 & 2 ning barcha modellari uchun 16 MiB karta va undan kattaroq RISC OS Pico maxsus qisqartirilgan versiyasi ham mavjud).
• FreeBSD^[145][146]
• NetBSD^[147][148]
• OpenBSD (faqat Raspberry Pi 3 kabi 64-bitli platformalarda)^[149]
• Bell Labs-dan 9-reja^[150][151] va Inferno^[152] (beta-versiyada)
• Windows 10 IoT Core - nol narxdagi nashr Windows 10 Raspberry Pi 2-da ishlaydigan Microsoft tomonidan taklif qilingan.^[153]
• Xayku - ochiq manba BeOS Raspberry Pi va boshqa bir qancha ARM plitalari uchun tuzilgan klon.^[154] Pi 1 ustida ishlash 2011 yilda boshlangan, ammo faqat Pi 2 qo'llab-quvvatlanadi.^[155]
• HelenOS - portativ mikrokernelga asoslangan multiserverli operatsion tizim; 0.6.0 versiyasidan beri Raspberry Pi-ning asosiy qo'llab-quvvatlashiga ega^[156]

Boshqa operatsion tizimlar (Linux asosida)

• Android narsalar - ning o'rnatilgan versiyasi Android uchun mo'ljallangan operatsion tizim IoT qurilmani ishlab chiqish.
• Arch Linux ARM - port Arch Linux uchun ARM protsessorlar.
• openSUSE^[157]
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2^[158]
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 (Tijorat yordami)^[158]
• Gentoo Linux^[159]
• Lubuntu^[160]
• Xubuntu^[160]
• Devuan
• CentOS Raspberry Pi 2 va undan keyingi versiyalari uchun
• RedSleeve Raspberry Pi 1 uchun (a RHEL porti)
• Slackware ARM - versiya 13.37 va undan keyin Raspberry Pi-da o'zgartirishsiz ishlaydi.^{[161][162][163][164]} Raspberry Pi-da mavjud bo'lgan 128–496 MiB xotira Slackware Linux-ni ARM yoki i386 tizimida ishlatish uchun zarur bo'lgan minimal 64 MiB talabidan kamida ikki baravar ko'pdir.^[165] (Linux tizimlarining aksariyati a-ga yuklanadi grafik foydalanuvchi interfeysi, Slackware-ning standart foydalanuvchi muhiti bu matnli qobiq / buyruq qatori interfeysi.^[166]) Fluxbox ostida ishlaydigan oyna boshqaruvchisi X oyna tizimi qo'shimcha 48 Mbayt tezkor xotirani talab qiladi.^[167]
• Kali Linux - raqamli sud ekspertizasi va penetratsion sinov uchun mo'ljallangan Debiandan olingan tarqatish.
• SolydXK - Xfce bilan Debiandan olingan engil distro.
• Ark OS - veb-sayt va elektron pochta orqali o'z-o'zini boshqarish uchun mo'ljallangan.
• Sailfish OS Raspberry Pi 2 bilan (ARM Cortex-A7 protsessoridan foydalanish sababli; Raspberry Pi 1 turli xil ARMv6 arxitekturasidan foydalanadi va Sailfish ARMv7 talab qiladi.)^[168]
• Tiny Core Linux - minimal Linux yordamida bazaviy tizimni ta'minlashga yo'naltirilgan operatsion tizim BusyBox va FLTK. Birinchi navbatda ishlashga mo'ljallangan Ram.
• Alpin Linux - a Linux tarqatish asoslangan musulmon va BusyBox, asosan "uchun mo'ljallanganquvvat foydalanuvchilari xavfsizligi, soddaligi va samaradorligini qadrlaydiganlar ".
• postmarketOS - Alpine Linux asosida tarqatish, asosan uchun ishlab chiqilgan smartfonlar.
• Linuxni bekor qiling - a rulonli bo'shatish Noldan ishlab chiqilgan va amalga oshirilgan Linux tarqatish musl yoki asosida rasmlarni taqdim etadi glibc.
• Fedora - Pi 2-ni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va undan keyin Fedora 25 (Pi 1-ni ba'zi norasmiy lotinlar qo'llab-quvvatlaydi).
• OpenWrt - o'rnatilgan qurilmalar (odatda simsiz routerlar) uchun juda kengaytiriladigan Linux tarqatish. U Pi 1, 2, 3, 4 va Zero V ni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.^[169]
• Manjaro ARM - Port Manjaro ARM-ga linux. Raspberry Pi4-ni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.^[170]
• RetroPie - Emulation Station-ni o'zining old tomoni sifatida ishlatadigan Raspbian OS tizimidir RetroArch va shunga o'xshash boshqa emulyatorlar Mupen64 retro o'yinlar uchun.^[171]

Driver API-lari

Amalga oshirilish sxemasi API-lar: OpenMAX, OpenGL ES va OpenVG

Raspberry Pi-dan foydalanish mumkin VideoCore A orqali GPU IV ikkilik blok, yuklash vaqtida GPU-ga yuklangan SD-karta va dastlab qo'shimcha dasturiy ta'minot yopiq manba.^[172] Keyinchalik haydovchi kodining ushbu qismi chiqarildi.^[173] Biroq, haydovchilarning haqiqiy ishlarining katta qismi yopiq GPU kodi yordamida amalga oshiriladi. Dasturiy ta'minot yopiq manbali ish vaqti kutubxonalariga qo'ng'iroqlarni amalga oshiradi (OpenMax, OpenGL ES yoki OpenVG ), bu esa o'z navbatida Linux yadrosi ichida ochiq manbali drayverni chaqiradi va keyinchalik yopiq manbali VideoCore IV GPU drayver kodini chaqiradi. The API yadro drayverining yopiq kutubxonalari uchun xosdir. Video dasturlardan foydalanish OpenMAX, 3D dasturlar foydalanish OpenGL ES va 2 o'lchovli dasturlar foydalanish OpenVG, ikkalasi ham o'z navbatida foydalanadi EGL. OpenMAX va EGL o'z navbatida ochiq kodli yadro drayveridan foydalanadi.^[174]

Vulkan haydovchisi

Raspberry Pi jamg'armasi dastlab a ustida ishlayotganligini e'lon qildi Vulkan haydovchi 2020 yil fevralda.^[175] Ishlayotgan Vulkan haydovchisi Zilzila 3 100 da soniyada kadrlar 3B + da 20 iyun kuni sevimli mashg'ulot loyihasi sifatida ishlagan grafik muhandisi tomonidan aniqlandi.^[176]

Dasturiy ta'minot

Rasmiy dasturiy ta'minot bu erkin taqsimlanadi^[177] ikkilik blok, anavi mulkiy dasturiy ta'minot.^[154] Asosan ARM yadrolarini ishga tushirish va ishga tushirish hamda ARM tomonida talab qilinadigan minimal ishga tushirishni amalga oshirishga qaratilgan minimal kontseptsiyali ochiq manbali dasturiy ta'minot mavjud. Bundan tashqari, u minimal darajada yuklashga qodir Linux yadrosi, pochta qutisi interfeysiga bog'liqlikni olib tashlash uchun yamalar bilan javob beradi. Raspberry Pi 1, 2 va 3, shuningdek, Raspberry Pi Zero-ning ba'zi variantlari ustida ishlash ma'lum.^[178]

Uchinchi tomon dasturiy ta'minoti

• AstroPrint - AstroPrint simsiz 3D bosib chiqarish dasturiy ta'minotni Pi 2-da ishlatish mumkin.^[179]
• C / C ++ tarjimoni Ch - 2017 yil 3-yanvarda chiqdi, C / C ++ tarjimoni Ch va Embedded Ch Raspberry Pi uchun notijorat maqsadlarda foydalanish uchun bepul, ChIDE ham yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun C / C ++ ni o'rganish uchun kiritilgan.^[180]
• Matematik & Wolfram tili - Ular Raspbian NOOBS tasvirining standart qismi sifatida 2013 yil noyabr oyida bepul chiqarildi.^{[181][182][183]} 2020 yil 12-fevral holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], versiyasi Mathematica 12.0.^[184] Dasturlarni buyruq satrining interfeysi yoki Notebook interfeysi. Ulangan qurilmalarga kirish uchun Wolfram Language funktsiyalari mavjud.^[185] Matematikada Raspberry Pi uchun ish stoli mashinalaridan, shu jumladan tasvirni qayta ishlash va mashinani o'rganish kabi yuklangan Mathematica versiyasidan xususiyatlarni ishlab chiqishga imkon beruvchi Wolfram Language ish stoli ishlab chiqish to'plami mavjud.^{[186][187][188]}
• Minecraft - 2013 yil 11 fevralda chiqarilgan, o'yinchilarga kompyuter kodi bilan dunyoni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri o'zgartirishga imkon beruvchi o'zgartirilgan versiya.^[189]
• RealVNC - 2016 yil 28 sentyabrdan boshlab Raspbian RealVNC-ning masofaviy kirish serveri va tomoshabin dasturlarini o'z ichiga oladi.^{[190][191][192]} Bunga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri taqdim etilgan tarkibni (masalan, Minecraft, kamerani oldindan ko'rish va omxplayer) hamda X11-ga tegishli bo'lmagan dasturlarni masofadan turib ko'rish va boshqarish imkonini beradigan yangi yozib olish texnologiyasi kiradi.^[193][194]
• UserGate veb-filtri - 2013 yil 20 sentyabrda Florida shtatidagi xavfsizlik bo'yicha sotuvchi Entensys UserGate veb-filtrini Raspberry Pi platformasiga ko'chirishni e'lon qildi.^[195]
• Bug 'havolasi - 2018 yil 13-dekabrda Valve Raspberry Pi 3 va 3 B + uchun rasmiy Steam Link o'yin xaridorini chiqardi.^[196][197]

Dasturiy ta'minotni ishlab chiqish vositalari

• Arduino IDE - Arduino dasturlash uchun.
• Algoid - bolalar va yangi boshlanuvchilar uchun dasturlashni o'rgatish uchun.
• BlueJ - Java dasturini yangi boshlanuvchilarga o'rgatish uchun.
• Yashil oyoq - Greenfoot Java bilan ob'ekt yo'nalishini o'rgatadi. O'yinlar, simulyatsiyalar va boshqa grafik dasturlarni yaratish uchun "olamlarda" yashaydigan "aktyorlar" yarating.
• Yuliya - Pi 1 va undan keyin ishlaydigan interaktiv va platformalararo dasturlash tili / muhiti.^[198] Juno kabi Julia uchun IDElar mavjud. Shuningdek, Pi-ga tegishli Github ombori JuliaBerry-ga qarang.
• Lazar^[199] - a Bepul Paskal RAD IDE
• LiveCode - ta'lim RAD IDE kelib chiqishi HyperCard ish stoli, mobil va Raspberry Pi platformalarida ishlaydigan WYSIWYG vidjetlari uchun voqea-ishlovchilarni yozish uchun ingliz tiliga o'xshash tildan foydalanish.
• Ninja-IDE - Python uchun platformalararo integratsiyalashgan rivojlanish muhiti (IDE).
• Qayta ishlash – an IDE built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.
• Chizish – a cross-platform teaching IDE using visual blocks that stack like Lego, originally developed by MIT's Life Long Kindergarten group. The Pi version is very heavily optimised^[200] for the limited computer resources available and is implemented in the Squeak Smalltalk system. The latest version compatible with The 2 B is 1.6.
• Siqish Smalltalk – a full-scale open Smalltalk.
• TensorFlow – an artificial intelligence framework developed by Google. The Raspberry Pi Foundation worked with Google to simplify the installation process through pre-built binaries.^[201]
• Thonni – a Python IDE for beginners.
• V-Play Game Engine – a cross-platform development framework that supports mobile game and app development with the V-Play Game Engine, V-Play apps, and V-Play plugins.
• Xojo – a cross-platform RAD tool that can create desktop, web and console apps for Pi 2 and Pi 3.
• C-STEM studiyasi – a platform for hands-on integrated learning of computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) with robotics.
• Erlang - a functional language for building concurrent systems with light-weight processes and message passing.
• LabVIEW Community Edition - a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments.

Aksessuarlar

Raspberry Pi 5 megapixel camera

Raspberry PI 4 Model B with a "TV Hat" card (for DVB-T/T2 television reception) attached.

• Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned device, designed for educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analogue signals, sensors and other devices. It also includes an optional Arduino compatible controller to interface with the Pi.^[202]
• Camera – On 14 May 2013, the foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi camera board alongside a firmware update to accommodate it.^[203] The camera board is shipped with a egiluvchan tekis simi ulanadi CSI connector which is located between the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian, the user must enable the use of the camera board by running Raspi-config and selecting the camera option. The camera module costs €20 in Europe (9 September 2013).^[204] Bu ishlatadi OmniVision OV5647 tasvir sensori ishlab chiqarishi mumkin 1080p, 720p va 640x480p video. The dimensions are 25 mm × 20 mm × 9 mm.^[204] In May 2016, v2 of the camera came out, and is an 8 megapixel camera using a Sony IMX219.^[205]
• Infrared Camera – In October 2013, the foundation announced that they would begin producing a camera module without an infrared filter, called the Pi NoIR.^[206]
• Official Display – On 8 September 2015, The foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi Touch Display^[207]
• HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards – Together with the Model B+, inspired by the Arduino shield boards, the interface for HAT boards was devised by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Each HAT board carries a small EEPROM (typically a CAT24C32WI-GT3)^[208] containing the relevant details of the board,^[209] so that the Raspberry Pi's OS is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of it, relevant to the OS using the HAT.^[210] Mechanical details of a HAT board, which uses the four mounting holes in their rectangular formation, are available online.^[211][212]
• High Quality Camera - In May 2020, the 12.3 megapixel Sony IMXZ477 sensor camera module was released with support for C- and CS-mount lenses.^[213] The unit initially retailed for US$50 with interchangeable lenses starting at US$25.

Vulnerability to flashes of light

2015 yil fevral oyida, a yoqilgan quvvat manbai chip, designated U16, of the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B version 1.1 (the initially released version) was found to be vulnerable to flashes of light,^[214] particularly the light from xenon camera flashes va yashil^[215] va qizil lazer ko'rsatkichlari. However, other bright lights, particularly ones that are on continuously, were found to have no effect. The symptom was the Raspberry Pi 2 spontaneously rebooting or turning off when these lights were flashed at the chip. Initially, some users and commenters suspected that the elektromagnit impuls (EMP) from the xenon flash tube was causing the problem by interfering with the computer's digital circuitry, but this was ruled out by tests where the light was either blocked by a card or aimed at the other side of the Raspberry Pi 2, both of which did not cause a problem. The problem was narrowed down to the U16 chip by covering first the chipdagi tizim (main processor) and then U16 with Blu-tak (an opaque poster mounting compound). Light being the sole culprit, instead of EMP, was further confirmed by the laser pointer tests,^[215] where it was also found that less opaque covering was needed to shield against the laser pointers than to shield against the xenon flashes.^[214] The U16 chip seems to be bare silicon without a plastic cover (i.e. a chip-scale package yoki wafer-level package ), which would, if present, block the light. Unofficial workarounds include covering U16 with opaque material (such as electrical tape,^[214][215] lacquer, poster mounting compound, or even balled-up bread^[214]), putting the Raspberry Pi 2 in a case,^[215] and avoiding taking photos of the top side of the board with a xenon flash. This issue was not discovered before the release of the Raspberry Pi 2 because it is not standard or common practice to test susceptibility to optical interference,^[214] while commercial electronic devices are routinely subjected to tests of susceptibility to radio interference.

Reception and use

NASA Open Source Rover powered by a Raspberry Pi 3

Texnologiyalar bo'yicha yozuvchi Glin Mudi described the project in May 2011 as a "potential BBC Micro 2.0", not by replacing Kompyuter mos machines but by supplementing them.^[216] In March 2012 Stephen Pritchard echoed the BBC Micro successor sentiment in ITPRO.^[217] Alex Hope, co-author of the Next Gen report, is hopeful that the computer will engage children with the excitement of programming.^[218] Hammuallif Yan Livingstone deb taklif qildi BBC could be involved in building support for the device, possibly branding it as the BBC Nano.^[219] Tarixni hisoblash markazi strongly supports the Raspberry Pi project, feeling that it could "usher in a new era".^[220] Before release, the board was showcased by ARM Bosh ijrochi direktor Uorren Sharq at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.^[221]

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as Google App Inventor to return programming to schools, rather than adding new hardware choices.^[222] Simon Rockman, writing in a ZDNet blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.^[223]

In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3's Innovation of the Year award,^[224] va futurist Mark Pesce cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his atrof-muhit qurilmasi project MooresCloud.^[225] 2012 yil oktyabr oyida Britaniya Kompyuter Jamiyati reacted to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's definitely something we'll want to sink our teeth into."^[226]

In June 2017, Raspberry Pi won the Qirollik muhandislik akademiyasi MacRobert mukofoti.^[227] The citation for the award to the Raspberry Pi said it was "for its inexpensive credit card-sized microcomputers, which are redefining how people engage with computing, inspiring students to learn coding and computer science and providing innovative control solutions for industry."^[228]

Clusters of hundreds of Raspberry Pis have been used for testing programs destined for supercomputers^[229]

Hamjamiyat

The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of FLOSS dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyasi AdaCore as one of the most exciting parts of the project.^[230] Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.^[230] The community developed a fanzine around the platform called MagPi^[231] which in 2015, was handed over to the Raspberry Pi Foundation by its volunteers to be continued in-house.^[232] A series of community Malinali murabbo events have been held across the UK and around the world.^[233]

Ta'lim

2012 yil yanvar holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the davlat va xususiy sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.^[234] The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the government of a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, to enhance her employment prospects.^[235][236]

In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning resources for its website.^[237] The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the Raspberry Pi in the classroom.^[238]

2018 yilda, NASA ishga tushirdi JPL Open Source Rover Project, which is a scaled down version of Qiziqish uchun mo'ljallangan rover and uses a Raspberry Pi as the control module, to encourage students and hobbyists to get involved in mechanical, software, electronics, and robotics engineering.^[239]

Uy avtomatizatsiyasi

There are a number of developers and applications that are using the Raspberry Pi for uy avtomatizatsiyasi. These programmers are making an effort to modify the Raspberry Pi into a cost-affordable solution in energy monitoring and power consumption. Because of the relatively low cost of the Raspberry Pi, this has become a popular and economical alternative to the more expensive commercial solutions.^[240]

Sanoat avtomatizatsiyasi

In June 2014, Polish industrial automation manufacturer TECHBASE released ModBerry, an industrial computer based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module. The device has a number of interfaces, most notably RS-485/232 serial ports, digital and analogue inputs/outputs, CAN and economical 1-Wire buses, all of which are widely used in the automation industry. The design allows the use of the Compute Module in harsh industrial environments, leading to the conclusion that the Raspberry Pi is no longer limited to home and science projects, but can be widely used as an Sanoat IoT solution and achieve goals of Sanoat 4.0.^[241]

In March 2018, SUSE announced commercial support for SUSE Linux Enterprise on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B to support a number of undisclosed customers implementing industrial monitoring with the Raspberry Pi.^[242]

Tijorat mahsulotlari

OTTO is a digital camera created by Next Thing Co. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi Compute Module. It was successfully crowd-funded in a May 2014 Kickstarter campaign.^[243]

Slice is a raqamli media pleer which also uses a Compute Module as its heart. It was crowd-funded in an August 2014 Kickstarter campaign. The software running on Slice is based on Kodi.^[244]

Covid-19 pandemiyasi

In Q1 of 2020, during the koronavirus pandemiyasi, Raspberry Pi computers saw a large increase in demand primarily due to the increase in uyda ishlash, but also because of the use of many Raspberry Pi Zeros in ventilyatorlar uchun COVID-19 patients in countries such as Kolumbiya,^[245] which were used to combat strain on the healthcare system. In March 2020, Raspberry Pi sales reached 640,000 units, the second largest month of sales in the company's history.^[246]

Astro Pi and Proxima

A project was launched in December 2014 at an event held by the UK Space Agency. The Astro Pi was an augmented Raspberry Pi that included a sensor hat with a visible light or infrared camera. The Astro Pi competition, called Principia, was officially opened in January and was opened to all primary and secondary school aged children who were residents of the United Kingdom. During his mission, British ESA astronaut Tim Pik deployed the computers on board the Xalqaro kosmik stantsiya.^[247] He loaded the winning code while in orbit, collected the data generated and then sent this to Earth where it was distributed to the winning teams. Covered themes during the competition included spacecraft sensors, satellite imaging, space measurements, data fusion and space radiation.

The organisations involved in the Astro Pi competition include the Buyuk Britaniya kosmik agentligi, UKspace, Raspberry Pi, ESERO-UK and ESA.

In 2017, the European Space Agency ran another competition open to all students in the European Union called Proxima. The winning programs were ran on the ISS by Thomas Pesquet, a French astronaut.^[248]

Tarix

Ushbu bo'lim ichida ro'yxat formatida, lekin o'qilishi mumkin nasr. Siz yordam berishingiz mumkin ushbu bo'limni konvertatsiya qilish agar kerak bo'lsa. Yordamni tahrirlash mavjud. (2015 yil fevral)

An early alpha-test board in operation using different layout from later beta and production boards

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the Atmel ATmega 644 microcontroller. Its schematics and PCB layout are publicly available.^[249] Jamg'arma ishonchli shaxs Eben Apton assembled a group of teachers, academics and computer enthusiasts to devise a computer to inspire children.^[234] The computer is inspired by Acorn's BBC Micro 1981 yil^[250][251] The Model A, Model B and Model B+ names are references to the original models of the British educational BBC Micro computer, developed by Acorn Computers.^[252] The first ARM prototype version of the computer was mounted in a package the same size as a USB xotira kartasi.^[253] It had a USB port on one end and an HDMI port on the other.

The Foundation's goal was to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and $35. They started accepting orders for the higher priced Model B on 29 February 2012,^[254] the lower cost Model A on 4 February 2013.^[255] and the even lower cost (US$20) A+ on 10 November 2014.^[89] On 26 November 2015, the cheapest Raspberry Pi yet, the Raspberry Pi Zero, was launched at US$5 or £4.^[256] According to Upton, the name "Raspberry Pi" was chosen with "Raspberry" as an ode to a tradition of naming early computer companies after fruit, and "Pi" as a reference to the Python programming language.^[257]

Ishga tushirishdan oldin

• 2011 yil iyul (2011-07): Ishonchli shaxs Eben Apton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July 2011 to enquire about assistance with a port.^[258] Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,^[259][260] with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.^[261] This port is now included in NOOBS.
• August 2011 – 50 alpha boards are manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned Model B,^[262] but they were physically larger to accommodate debug headers. Demonstrations of the board showed it running the LXDE desktop on Debian, Zilzila 3 da 1080p,^[263] va To'liq HD MPEG-4 video over HDMI.^[264]
• October 2011 – A version of RISC OS 5 was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption in November 2012.^{[265][266][267][268]}
• December 2011 – Twenty-five Model B Beta boards were assembled and tested^[269] from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.^[270] The component layout of the Beta boards was the same as on production boards. A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not held high; it was fixed for the first production run.^[271] The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the Haqiqiy dastur Samuray OpenGL ES benchmark.^[272]
• Early 2012 – During the first week of the year, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on eBay.^[273][274] One was bought anonymously and donated to the museum at Tarixni hisoblash markazi in Cambridge, England.^[220][275] The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,^[276] with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500.^[277] In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.^[278]

Ishga tushirish

• 19 February 2012 – The first proof of concept SD card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary operating system is released. The image was based on Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), with the LXDE desktop and the Midori brauzeri, plus various programming tools. The image also runs on QEMU allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.^[279][280]
• 29 February 2012 – Initial sales commence 29 February 2012^[281] at 06:00 UTC;. At the same time, it was announced that the model A, originally to have had 128 MiB of RAM, was to be upgraded to 256 MiB before release.^[254] The Foundation's website also announced: "Six years after the project's inception, we're nearly at the end of our first run of development – although it's just the beginning of the Raspberry Pi story."^[282] The web-shops of the two licensed manufacturers selling Raspberry Pi's within the United Kingdom, Bosh vazir Farnell va RS komponentlari, had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch (RS Components briefly going down completely).^[283][284] Unconfirmed reports suggested that there were over two million expressions of interest or pre-orders.^[285] The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took over 100,000 pre orders on day one.^[254] Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.^[230]
• March 2012 – Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port,^[286][287] but the Foundation expected that manufacturing quantities of future batches could be increased with little difficulty if required.^[288] "We have ensured we can get them [the Ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components [the two distributors] have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said. The first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China.^[289][290]
• 8 March 2012 – Release Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, the recommended Linux distribution,^[291] da ishlab chiqilgan Seneka kolleji Kanadada.^[292]
• March 2012 – The Debian port is initiated by Mike Thompson, former CTO of Atomz. The effort was largely carried out by Thompson and Peter Green, a volunteer Debian developer, with some support from the Foundation, who tested the resulting binaries that the two produced during the early stages (neither Thompson nor Green had physical access to the hardware, as boards were not widely accessible at the time due to demand).^[293] While the preliminary kontseptsiyaning isboti image distributed by the Foundation before launch was also Debian-based, it differed from Thompson and Green's Raspbian effort in a couple of ways. The POC image was based on then-barqaror Debian Squeeze, while Raspbian aimed to track then-upcoming Debian Wheezy paketlar.^[280] Aside from the updated packages that would come with the new release, Wheezy was also set to introduce the armhf architecture,^[294] qaysi bo'ldi raison d'être for the Raspbian effort. The Squeeze-based POC image was limited to the armel architecture, which was, at the time of Squeeze's release, the latest attempt by the Debian project to have Debian run on the newest ARM o'rnatilgan dastur ikkilik interfeysi (EABI).^[295] The armhf architecture in Wheezy intended to make Debian run on the ARM VFP apparat suzuvchi nuqta birligi, while armel was limited to emulating floating point operations in software.^[296][297] Since the Raspberry Pi included a VFP, being able to make use of the hardware unit would result in performance gains and reduced power use for floating point operations.^[293] The armhf effort in mainline Debian, however, was orthogonal to the work surrounding the Pi and only intended to allow Debian to run on ARMv7 at a minimum, which would mean the Pi, an ARMv6 device, would not benefit.^[294] As a result, Thompson and Green set out to build the 19,000 Debian packages for the device using a custom qurmoq klaster.^[293]

Ishga tushirishdan keyin

• 16 April 2012 – Reports appear from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.^[298][299]
• 20 April 2012 – The schematics for the Model A and Model B are released.^[300]
• 18 May 2012 – The Foundation reported on its blog about a prototype kamera moduli they had tested.^[301] The prototype used a 14-megapikselli modul.
• 22 May 2012 – Over 20,000 units had been shipped.^[302]
• July 2012 – Release of Raspbian.^[303]
• 16 July 2012 – It was announced that 4,000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be bought in bulk.^[304][305]
• 24 August 2012 – Hardware accelerated video (H.264 ) encoding becomes available after it became known that the existing licence also covered encoding. Formerly it was thought that encoding would be added with the release of the announced camera module.^[306][307] However, no stable software exists for hardware H.264 encoding.^[308] At the same time the Foundation released two additional codecs that can be bought separately, MPEG-2 va Microsoft-ning VC-1. Also it was announced that the Pi will implement Markaziy saylov komissiyasi, enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.^[136]
• 5 September 2012 – The Foundation announced a second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B.^[309] A revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of minor corrections and improvements.^[310]
• 6 September 2012 – Announcement that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at Sony yilda ishlab chiqarish korxonasi Pencoed, Uels. The Foundation estimated that the plant would produce 30,000 units per month, and would create about 30 new jobs.^[311][312]
• 15 October 2012 – It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be fitted with 512 MiB instead of 256 MiB RAM.^[313]
• 24 October 2012 – The Foundation announces that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the ARM" had been released as bepul dasturiy ta'minot ostida BSD uslubidagi litsenziya, making it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully-functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, teskari muhandislik ) to'liq ochiq manbali drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted.^[173] On 28 February 2014, they also announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD licence^[314][315]
• October 2012 – It was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting more than six months for their orders. This was reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.^[316]
• 17 December 2012 – The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi Store, as a "one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software) needs". Using an application included in Raspbian, users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be uploaded for moderation and release.^[317]
• 2013 yil 3 iyun - "Box Out Out Software" yoki NOOBS taqdim etildi. Bu operatsion tizimni o'rnatishni soddalashtirish orqali Raspberry Pi-dan foydalanishni osonlashtiradi. SD-kartani tayyorlash uchun ma'lum bir dasturiy ta'minotni ishlatish o'rniga, fayl ochiladi va tarkibi FAT formatida (4 GiB yoki undan kattaroq) SD-kartaga ko'chiriladi. Keyinchalik ushbu kartani Raspberry Pi-da yuklash mumkin va kartaga o'rnatish uchun oltita operatsion tizim taqdim etiladi. Tizim shuningdek, o'rnatilgan operatsion tizimni tezda tiklashga imkon beradigan tiklash qismini, config.txt-ni o'zgartirish vositalari va Raspberry Pi forumlariga yo'naltirilgan onlayn yordam tugmachasini va veb-brauzerni o'z ichiga oladi.^[318]
• 2013 yil oktyabr - Jamg'arma millioninchi Pi Buyuk Britaniyada ishlab chiqarilganligini e'lon qiladi.^[319]
• 2013 yil noyabr: ular ikki millioninchi Pi 24 va 31 oktyabr kunlari jo'natilganligini e'lon qilishdi.^[320]
• 2014 yil 28 fevral - Raspberry Pi-ning ikki yilligi kuni Broadcom, Raspberry Pi fondi bilan birgalikda VideoCore IV grafik yadrosi uchun to'liq hujjatlar e'lon qilinganligini e'lon qildi,^{[tushuntirish kerak ]} va 3-bandli BSD litsenziyasi bo'yicha grafik to'plamining to'liq manba versiyasi.^[314][315]

Raspberry Pi hisoblash moduli

Raspberry Pi modeli B

• 2014 yil 7 aprel - Raspberry Pi rasmiy blogi Raspberry Pi hisoblash moduli, 200 pinli DDR2 qurilmasi haqida e'lon qildi SO-DIMM - iste'molchilar elektroniği dizaynerlari o'z mahsulotlarining yadrosi sifatida foydalanishi uchun mo'ljallangan (ammo bunday operativ xotiraga hech qanday mos kelmasa ham) tuzilgan xotira moduli.^[99]
• 2014 yil iyun - Raspberry Pi rasmiy blogida uch millioninchi Pi 2014 yil may oyining boshida yuborilganligi haqida eslatib o'tilgan.^[321]
• 2014 yil 14-iyul - Raspberry Pi rasmiy blogi Raspberry Pi Model B + ni "asl Raspberry Pi-ning so'nggi evolyutsiyasi. Raspberry Pi-ning asl modeli B bilan bir xil narxga, lekin odamlar so'ragan ko'plab kichik yaxshilanishlarni o'z ichiga olgan holda" e'lon qildi.^[90]
• 2014 yil 10-noyabr - Raspberry Pi rasmiy blogi Raspberry Pi Model A + ni e'lon qildi.^[89] Bu eng kichik va eng arzon (20 AQSh dollari) Raspberry Pi hozirgacha va Model A bilan bir xil protsessor va operativ xotiraga ega, A singari u ham chekilgan portga ega emas, va faqat bitta USB portga ega, ammo B + ning boshqa yangiliklariga ega, masalan, past quvvat, micro-SD- karta uyasi va 40-pinli HAT mos GPIO.
• 2015 yil 2-fevral - Raspberry Pi rasmiy blogi Raspberry Pi 2-ni e'lon qildi. B modeliga o'xshab 900 MGts to'rt yadroli ARMv7 Cortex-A7 protsessorga ega, xotirasi ikki baravar (jami 1 GiB) va u bilan to'liq mosligi malina Pisning asl avlodi.^[322]
• 2015 yil 14-may - B + modeli narxi Pi 2 rivojlanishidan kelib chiqqan holda "ishlab chiqarishni optimallashtirishning yon ta'siri" deb taxmin qilinib, 35 AQSh dollaridan 25 AQSh dollarigacha pasaytirildi.^[323] Sanoat kuzatuvchilari skeptik ravishda ta'kidladilar, ammo narxlarning pasayishi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri javob bo'lib tuyuldi CHIP, 2017 yilning aprelida to'xtatilgan narxlari pastroq raqobatchi.^[324]
• 2015 yil 26-noyabr - Raspberry Pi fondi Raspberry Pi oilasining eng kichik va eng arzon a'zosi bo'lgan Raspberry Pi Zero-ni 65 mm × 30 mm va 5 AQSh dollari miqdorida ishga tushirdi. Zero, kamerasiz va LCD ulagichsiz A + Modeliga o'xshaydi, kichikroq va kam quvvat sarflaydi. U o'sha kuni Buyuk Britaniyada va AQShda tarqatilgan Raspberry Pi jurnali Magpi № 40 bilan berildi - MagPi xalqaro miqyosda deyarli har bir chakana savdo do'konida sotildi.^[8]
• 2016 yil 29 fevral - Rasmberry Pi 3, BCM2837 1,2 gigagertsli 64-bitli to'rtta protsessorli ARMv8 Cortex-A53 asosida, o'rnatilgan Wi-Fi BCM43438 802.11n 2,4 gigagertsli va Bluetooth 4.1 past energiya (BLE) bilan. Raspbian-ning 32-bitli versiyasidan boshlab, agar 64-bitli rejimga o'tishning qiymati bo'lsa, keyinroq 64-bitli versiyasi keladi. Xuddi shu e'londa bir necha oydan keyin yangi BCM2837 hisoblash moduli taqdim etilishi kutilayotgani aytilgan edi.^[52]
• 2016 yil fevral - Raspberry Pi jamg'armasi sakkiz million dona qurilmani sotganligini e'lon qildi (barcha modellar uchun), uni eng ko'p sotiladigan Buyuk Britaniyaning shaxsiy kompyuteriga aylantirdi. Amstrad PCW.^[325][52] Sotish 2016 yil sentyabr oyida o'n millionga yetdi.^[18]
• 2016 yil 25 aprel - Raspberry Pi Camera v2.1 8 Mpikselli, normal va NoIR (IR qabul qilishi mumkin) versiyalarida e'lon qilindi. Kamera Sony-dan foydalanadi IMX219 o'lchamlari bilan chip 3280 × 2464. Yangi rezolyutsiyadan foydalanish uchun dasturiy ta'minotni yangilash kerak.^[326]
• 2016 yil 10 oktyabr - NEC Display Solutions kompaniyasi 2017 yil boshida chiqariladigan tijorat displeylarining tanlangan modellari Raspberry Pi 3 hisoblash modulini o'z ichiga oladi.^[327]
• 2016 yil 14 oktyabr - Raspberry Pi fondi NEC Display Solutions bilan hamkorlik qilishlarini e'lon qiladi. Ular Raspberry Pi 3 hisoblash moduli 2016 yil oxiriga qadar keng jamoatchilikka taqdim etilishini kutmoqdalar.^[328]
• 2016 yil 25-noyabr - 11 million dona sotildi.^[329]
• 2017 yil 16-yanvar - Compute Module 3 va Compute Module 3 Lite ishga tushirildi.^[95]
• 2017 yil 28-fevral - Raspberry Pi Zero W WiFi va Bluetooth bilan chipli antennalar orqali ishga tushirildi.^[330][331]
• 14 mart 2018 yil - Yoqilgan Pi kuni, Raspberry Pi fondi Raspberry Pi 3 Model B + ni Raspberry PI 3B kompyuterlarining ish faoliyatini yaxshilagan holda taqdim etdi, Broadcom dastur protsessorining yangilangan versiyasi, simsiz aloqa Wi-fi va Bluetooth ishlashi va 5 gigagertsli diapazonning qo'shilishi.^[332]
• 15 Noyabr 2018 - Raspberry Pi 3 Model A + sotuvga chiqarildi.^[333]
• 2019 yil 28 yanvar - 3+ hisoblash moduli (CM3 + / Lite, CM3 + / 8 GiB, CM3 + / 16 GiB va CM3 + / 32 GiB) ishga tushirildi.^[96]
• 24 iyun 2019 yil - Raspberry Pi 4 Model B ishga tushirildi.^[2]
• 2019 yil 10-dekabr - 30 million dona sotildi;^[334] sotish yiliga 6 millionga yaqin.^[335][336]
• 2020 yil 28-may - 8GB Raspberry Pi 4 75 dollarga e'lon qilindi. Operatsion tizim endi "Raspbian" emas, balki "Raspberry Pi OS" deb nomlanadi va rasmiy 64-bitli versiyasi endi beta-versiyada mavjud.^[337]

Sotish

Raspberry Pi Foundation ma'lumotlariga ko'ra 2015 yil fevraliga qadar 5 milliondan ortiq malina Pis sotilgan va bu eng ko'p sotilgan Britaniya kompyuteri.^[21] 2016 yil noyabrgacha ular 11 million donani sotishdi,^[329][338] va 2017 yil martiga qadar 12,5 mln.ni tashkil etdi va bu eng ko'p sotilgan "umumiy foydalanish kompyuterlari" orasida uchinchi o'rinni egalladi.^[339] 2017 yil iyul oyida sotuvlar qariyb 15 millionga etdi,^[340] 2018 yil mart oyida 19 millionga ko'tarilish.^[30] 2019 yil dekabrgacha jami 30 million qurilma sotildi.^[22]

Shuningdek qarang

• Bir martalik kompyuter
• Kompyuterni ulang

Adabiyotlar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Rasmberry Pi - qo'g'irchoqlar uchun; Shon Makmanus va Mayk Kuk; 2013 yil; ISBN  978-1118554210.
• Raspberry Pi bilan ishlashni boshlash; Mett Richardson va Shoun Uolles; 2013 yil; ISBN  978-1449344214.
• Raspberry Pi foydalanuvchi qo'llanmasi; Eben Apton va Garet Xelfakri; 2014 yil; ISBN  978-1118921661.
• Salom Raspberry Pi!; Rayan Xeyts; 2016 yil; ISBN  978-1617292453.

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• Raspberry Pi Wiki, RPF tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi
• MagPi jurnali
• "Raspberry Pi pinout" - taxta GPIO pinout
• "Raspberry Pi komponentlari xaritasi"
• "RaspberryPi kengashlari: Uskuna versiyalari / versiyalar"
• ARM1176JZF-S (ARM11 protsessor yadrosi) texnik qo'llanmasi, ARM Holdings