Rideau Hall - Rideau Hall

Xuddi shu nomdagi teleseriallar uchun qarang Rideau Hall (teleserial).

Hukumat uyi
Rideau Hall
Ottava - Rideau Hall.JPG
Hukumat uyining asosiy fasadi
Umumiy ma'lumot
Arxitektura uslubiRegency, Norman Revival, Florentsiya Uyg'onish Uyg'onishi
Manzil1 Sasseks doktor
Shahar yoki shaharOttava, Ontario
MamlakatKanada
Koordinatalar45 ° 26′38 ″ N. 75 ° 41′08 ″ V / 45.443753 ° 75.685641 ° Vt / 45.443753; -75.685641
Qurilish boshlandi1838
Narxi$82,000 (1868)
MijozTomas MakKay (1838), Kanada o'ngidagi toj (1865, 1872, 1899, 1906, 1914, 1925, 2004)
EgasiKanadaning o'ng qirolichasi
Uy egasiMilliy kapital komissiyasi
Texnik ma'lumotlar
Hajmi9500 m2 (102,000 kvadrat fut)
Loyihalash va qurish
Me'morTomas Makkay, Devid Evart, va boshqalar.
Boshqa ma'lumotlar
Xonalar soni≈ 175
Belgilangan1977

Rideau Hall (rasmiy ravishda Hukumat uyi) bo'ladi rasmiy yashash yilda Ottava ikkalasining ham Kanada monarxi va ularning vakili Kanada general-gubernatori.[1][2][3][4][5] U turibdi Kanada "s poytaxt 0,36 kvadrat kilometr (88 akr) ko'chmas mulkda 1 da Sasseks Drive Asosiy bino 9500 kvadrat metr (102000 kvadrat metr) atrofida 175 ta xonadan va uning atrofidagi 27 ta qo'shimcha inshootdan iborat. Rideau Xollning sayti Ottava markazining tashqarisida joylashgan bo'lib, unga xususiy uy xarakterini beradi.[6] Bu federal toj tomonidan saqlanadigan ikkita rasmiy qirollik qarorgohlaridan biri, ikkinchisi esa Kvebekning Citadelle.

Rideau Hall-ning katta qismi davlat ishlari uchun ishlatiladi, uning atigi 500 kvadrat metri (5400 kvadrat fut) xususiy turar-joy binolariga mo'ljallangan, qo'shimcha joylar esa ofislarning vakolatxonasi bo'lib xizmat qiladi. Kanada Heraldic Authority[7] va general-gubernator va uning xodimlarining asosiy ish joyi; yoki muddat Rideau Hall, kabi metonim yoki rasmiy idioma Hukumat uyi ushbu byurokratik filialga murojaat qilish uchun ishlatilgan. Saroyda rasmiy ravishda chet elliklar qabul qilingan davlat rahbarlari, kiruvchi va chiquvchi elchilar va yuqori komissarlar Kanadaga va Kanadaga Valiahdi vazirlar uchun tomoshabinlar noib yoki suveren bilan, agar ikkinchisi yashash joyida bo'lsa. Rideau Hall - ko'pchilikning joylashgan joyi Kanada mukofoti taqdimotlar va investitsiyalar, qaerda bosh vazirlar va boshqa a'zolari federal kabinet qasamyod qiladilar va qaerda federal saylov varaqalari bor "tushib ketdi "tantanali va konstitutsiyaviy funktsiyalar qatorida.

Rideau Hall va uning atrofidagi maydonlar a deb belgilangan edi Kanadaning milliy tarixiy sayti 1977 yilda.[8][9] Uy butun yil davomida ekskursiya qilingan ekskursiyalar uchun ochiqdir; har yili Rideau Hall-ga taxminan 200,000 mehmon tashrif buyuradi.[10] 1934 yildan beri Federal okrug komissiyasi (hozir Milliy kapital komissiyasi ) asoslarni boshqargan.[11][12]

Ism

Ism Rideau Hall Tomas MakKay o'zining villasi uchun tanlagan, Rideo kanalidan ilhomlanib, o'zi qurishda yordam bergan, ammo uy ham og'zaki ravishda tanilgan bo'lsa-da McKay qal'asi.[13] Uy general-gubernatorning rasmiy qarorgohiga aylangach, rasmiy ravishda shunday nomlangan Hukumat uyi. Ammo, Rideau Hall norasmiy ism va bino uchun ikkita ismning mavjudligi ba'zi muammolarga olib keldi: 1889 yilda viceregal consort, Preston xonimi Stenli, Rideau Xollni chaqirgani uchun qirolicha Viktoriya tomonidan tanbeh berildi; boshqa barcha imperatorlik poytaxtlarida bo'lgani kabi, hukumat uyi ham bo'lishi kerak edi.[14] Biroq, bugungi kunda Rideau Xoll - bu uy uchun odatda qabul qilingan atama bo'lib, hukumat uyi faqat rasmiy yoki huquqiy ishlarda foydalanishda qoladi; masalan, qirollik e'lonlari "Bizning hukumat uyida, Ottava shahrimizda ..." degan ibora bilan yakunlanadi.[15]

Tarix

McKay villasi

Rideau Xollning hozirgi izi ustiga yotqizilgan asl McKay villasining qavat rejasi. Crown tomonidan sotib olinganidan keyin bino sezilarli darajada kengaytirildi.

Rideau zalining maydoni va asl inshooti tosh ustasi tomonidan tanlangan va qurilgan Tomas Makkay,[13] kimdan ko'chib kelgan Pert, Shotlandiya, ga Monreal, Quyi Kanada, 1817 yilda va keyinchalik qurilishida ishtirok etgan asosiy pudratchi bo'ldi Rideau kanali. Kanal qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, Makkey tegirmonlarni qurdi Rideo sharsharasi, uni asoschisi qilib Yangi Edinburg, Ottavaning asl aholi punkti. McKay o'zining yangi sotib olgan boyligi bilan 100 gektar maydonni sotib oldi[16] ikkalasiga ham qaramaydigan sayt Ottava va Rideau daryolari va tosh qurdi villa u erda va u oilasi bilan 1855 yilgacha yashagan va hozirgi Rideau Xollning ildiziga aylangan.[17] Mahalliy aholi ushbu tuzilmani shunday deb atashgan McKay qal'asi.[16]

Bino qirollik qarorgohiga aylanishidan oldin ham zalga tashrif buyuruvchilar, jumladan uchta general-gubernatorlar tashrif buyurishgan Kanada viloyati: Lord Sydenham, Elgin grafi va Ser Edmund Xed. Barak tepaligining akvarellari (hozir) Parlament tepaligi ) gubernatorning rafiqasi Ledi Xed tomonidan Rideau Xollga tashrif buyurganida bo'yalgan Qirolicha Viktoriya tanlamoq Bytown (hozirgi Ottava) milliy poytaxt sifatida. Shuningdek, 1860 yil 2-sentyabrda, u yotqizilgan kunning ertasiga burchak toshi parlament binolaridan, shahzoda Eduard, Uels shahzodasi (keyinchalik qirol) Edvard VII ), mintaqaga safari doirasida Rideau Xoll maydonidan o'tdi.[18]

Qirollik va vitse-qirollik uyi

Bytown Kanada provintsiyasining poytaxti sifatida tanlanganidan so'ng, 1859 yilda yangi parlament shaharchasi uchun dizayn tanlovi o'tkazildi. Markaz bloki, idoraviy binolar va general-gubernatorning qarorgohi har biri alohida taqdirlandi. Hukumat uyi uchun g'olib sxemasi a edi Ikkinchi imperiya Toronto me'morlarining dizayni Cumberland & Bo'ron. Biroq, u hech qachon qurilgan emas, chunki parlament binolarini qurish uchun ortiqcha mablag 'sarflangan.[19]

Taxminan 1875 yilda, Rideau Hall-da bo'lib o'tgan qarama-qarshi partiyani tasvirlash

1864 yilda Rideau Xollni Crown tomonidan McKay oilasidan yiliga 4000 dollar evaziga ijaraga olgan va faqat vaqtinchalik uy sifatida xizmat qilishni mo'ljallagan. noib tegishli hukumat uyi qurilmaguncha. Keyingi yil, Frederik Preston Rubidj asl villaning ta'mirlanishini nazorat qildi va yangi funktsiyalarni bajarish uchun mo'ljallangan qo'shimchalarni ishlab chiqdi.[20][21] U asl o'lchamidan uch-to'rt baravar kattalashtirildi, asosan 49 xonali yangi qanot orqali,[20] va qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, Kanadaning birinchi general-gubernatori, Viskont Monk, yashash joyini oldi. Ushbu qo'shimchalar qarshi chiqdi Jorj Braun,[22] u "general-gubernatorning qarorgohi - baxtsiz kichkina uy va shuhratparast mamlakat skvayrining asoslari" deb da'vo qilgan. Bosh Vazir Jon A. Makdonald Rideau Xollni yamoqlash uchun yangi qirol saroyini qurish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lganidan ko'proq mablag 'sarflanganidan shikoyat qilib, rozi bo'ldi. Shunga qaramay, darvozaxonani Rubidj va 1868 yilda 82000 AQSh dollari miqdorida to'liq sotib olingan mol-mulk yaxshilandi.[21][23]

Keyinchalik, bu uy Ottavaning ijtimoiy markaziga aylandi, hatto Kanadada ham chet ellik mehmonlarni qabul qildi (birinchi bo'lib) Buyuk knyaz Aleksis, o'g'li Tsar Aleksandr II ), investitsiyalar, qasamyod qabul qilish marosimlari, koptoklar, kechki ovqatlar, bog 'partiyalari, bolalar bayramlari va bal zalida teatr tomoshalari (tashabbusi bilan graf va Dufferin grafinya ), unda oila a'zolari va viceregal oilalari ishtirok etishlari mumkin.[16][17] Balki zalda o'tkazilgan eng katta tadbir Dufferinlar tomonidan uyushtirilgan, 1876 yil 23 fevralda kechqurun bo'lib o'tgan va 1500 ga yaqin mehmonlar tashrif buyurgan chiroyli liboslar to'pi bo'lishi mumkin.[24][25]

1884 yilda janubi-sharqdan Rideau Hall

Shunga qaramay, binoda sodir bo'lgan voqealar mashhurligiga qaramay, Rideau Xollning dastlabki salbiy taassurotlari 20-asrning boshlariga qadar mavzu edi. 1872 yilda u erga etib borgach, Dufferin grafinya o'z jurnalida shunday dedi: "Biz shu paytgacha hamma narsaga shunchalik g'ayratli edikki, Rideau Xollning birinchi ko'rinishi bizning kayfiyatimizni biroz pasaytirdi!"[26] 1893 yilda general Gubernatorning rafiqasi Ledi Stenli Prestonlik Lord Stenli, "siz xonalardagi mebellarni juda eskirgan va unchalik chiroyli emas deb topasiz ... Qizil mehmon xonasida ... stul va stollardan boshqa mebel yo'q edi ... Devorlari mutlaqo yalang'och ... Xona har doim GG ning xotini bo'lib o'tirgan xonasi juda bo'sh ... Uyda chiroqlar umuman yo'q, na o'tiradigan joy, na stol mato, aslida xonani chiroyli va farovon qiladigan kichik narsalarning hammasi yo'q. "[27] Ushbu oldingi sharhlarni takrorlab, Aberdin va Temayerning martionessasi uning Ottavadan ketishi bilan Rideau Xoll - "eski butalar orasida tashlab qo'yilgan eskirgan eski hukumat uyi" ekanligini aytdi.[28]

O'nlab yillar davomida turli xil yaxshilanishlar amalga oshirildi, birinchi gaz qandillar va telegraf simlari qo'yilgani, shuningdek, o'sha yili bal zalining qurilishi. Rideau Xoll birinchi qirollik aholisi bo'lganida, shohlik uyi rolini bajarishi kerak bo'lgan vaqtga kelib.Lorne markasi va uning rafiqasi, Malika Luiza[29]- 1878 yil boshida ko'chirildi, ko'plab yangilanishlar tugallandi. Lorne zal haqida shunday dedi: "Mana biz bu katta va shinam uyda joylashdik [sic ], men Luizadan ancha ustun deb aytaman Kensington, chunki devorlari qalin, xonalari torna qilingan va shuvalgan (ular Kensingtonda emas) va issiqlik va yorug'likning mo'l-ko'lligi mavjud. "[30] Malika bundan oldin Rideau zalida uzoq bo'lmagan Feniyaliklar o'zlarini uning hayotiga tahdid sifatida ko'rsatdi va u Buyuk Britaniyaga ham dam olish, ham himoya qilish uchun yuborildi. Qirolicha qizining xavfsizligi uchun juda tashvishlanib, 1880 yilda qaytib kelganida, zal atrofida qo'shimcha qo'riqchilarni qo'yish kerak edi.[31]

Keyinchalik, Qirollik oilasi a'zolari vaqti-vaqti bilan Rideau Xollda bo'lishar edi, agar u general-gubernator sifatida emas, balki tojning mehmonlari bo'lsa, shunda saroy uy egasi sifatida o'ynaydi. Shahzoda Leopold (keyinchalik Germaniya gersogi ham) 1880 yilda; Shahzoda Jorj (keyinchalik qirol Jorj V) 1882, 1901 va 1908 yillarda; Konnaught gersogi shahzoda Artur,[32] va Malika Luiza, Konna gersoginyasi (keyinchalik Strathearn gersogi va gersoginyasi ham), 1890 yilda va 1906 yildan 1912 yilgacha vitseregal jufti sifatida; Malika Luiza 1900 yilda; Malika Patrisiya 1906 yildan 1912 yilgacha ota-onasi bilan; Shahzoda Albert (keyinchalik qirol Jorj VI) 1910 va 1913 yillarda; Uels shahzodasi Edvard (keyinchalik qirol Edvard VIII), 1919, 1923, 1924 va 1927 yillarda; Shahzoda Jorj (keyinchalik Kent gersogi ham) 1926 va 1927 yillarda; va Gloucester gersogi shahzoda Genri, 1929 yilda.

Ikkinchi jahon urushi

Chapdan o'ngga: Qirolicha Yelizaveta Shoh Jorj VI, General-gubernator Lord Tweedsmuir va Lady Tweedsmuir 1939 yil 20 mayda Rideau zalida

Qirol Jorj VI va uning sherik, Qirolicha Yelizaveta, 1939 yil 19-mayda Rideau zaliga kelgan,[33] ularning birinchi paytida Kanadaga qirollik safari, rasmiy qirollik safari tarixchisi Gyustav Lanktot "Ularning ulug'vorlari Kanadadagi qarorgohiga kirib borganlarida Vestminster to'g'risidagi nizom haqiqatni to'liq anglagan edi: Kanada qiroli uyga qaytdi. "[34] Qirol u erda bo'lganida, Kanadaning birinchi elchisi bo'lib, elchining ishonch yorlig'ini shaxsan olgan Daniel Calhoun Roper sifatida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining vakili.[35] Bu kasallik paydo bo'lganidan keyin bir muncha vaqt o'ylandi Ikkinchi jahon urushi, qirol, qirolicha va ularning ikki qizi -Malika Elizabeth va Margaret - Evropadagi mojarolar davomida doimiy ravishda Kanadaga ko'chib o'tishi kerak; Garchi, Xetli qal'asi, yilda Kolvud, Britaniya Kolumbiyasi, Kanadaning o'ng tomonidagi qirol tomonidan Rideau Hall-dan foydalanish o'rniga sotib olingan.[36] Biroq, qirollik oilasi urush paytida Birlashgan Qirollikni tark etishi ruhiy holatga katta zarba bo'lishi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi va ular Britaniyada qoldi.

Urush paytida saroy o'z mamlakatlarining Evropaga hujumi natijasida ko'chirilgan bir qator qirollarning surgun qilingan uyiga aylandi.[37] Qirollik mehmonlari orasida edi Valiahd shahzoda Olav (keyinchalik qirol Olav V) va Valiahd shahzoda Merta ning Norvegiya, Buyuk gersoginya Sharlotta va Shahzoda Feliks ning Lyuksemburg Shoh Yugoslaviya fuqarosi Pyotr II Shoh Yunonistonlik Jorj II, Empress Zita ning Avstriya va uning qizlari, shuningdek qirolicha Niderlandiyalik Vilgelmina, qizi, Malika Juliana (keyinchalik qirolicha Juliana) va nevaralari, malika Beatrix (keyinchalik qirolicha Beatrix), Irene va Margriet. Rezident general-gubernatorning rafiqasi bo'lsa ham, Malika Elis, Atlon grafinya, Rideau Xollga shaxsiy tegishini qo'shish uchun ozgina ish qila olardi, chunki ratsion va kam ta'minot tufayli, u boshqa shoh ayollarni uylarida yo'qolganlar uchun kiyim-kechak ishlab chiqarishga qo'ydi. Blits.[37] Keyinchalik 1940 yilda general-gubernatorlik idorasi Sharqiy blok of Parlament tepasi yopilib, Rideau zaliga ko'chirildi.[38] 1941 yil dekabrda, Uinston Cherchill o'zi raislik qilgan zalga etib keldi Britaniya Vazirlar Mahkamasi uning karavotidan telefon orqali uchrashuvlar.[39]

Kanada viceregal aholisi

Jahon urushi tugagandan so'ng, Rideau Hall-dagi birinchi tinchlik to'pi o'tkazildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti Duayt D. Eyzenxauer, shundan so'ng uy ichidagi hayot normal holatga qaytdi. Urushdan tinchlikka o'tish general-gubernator etib tayinlanish bilan belgilandi Viskont Aleksandr Xabar qilinishicha, uning o'g'li Brayan zali bo'ylab sobiq general-gubernatorlarning portretlaridan foydalangan suv avtomati.[40] Aleksandr davrida, hukumat uyining urushdan keyingi birinchi qirollik mehmonlari taxtga taxmin qilingan merosxo'r, malika Yelizaveta, Edinburg gersoginyasi (keyinchalik qirolicha Yelizaveta II) va uning eri, Filipp, Edinburg gersogi, 1951 yil oxirida kelgan va boshqa tadbirlar qatorida a kvadrat raqsi bal zalida (bilan to'ldirilgan tekshirildi ko'ylaklar). Cherchill yana bir bor Buyuk Britaniyaning Bosh vaziri bo'lib, kelasi yilning yanvar oyida Rideau Xollga qaytib keldi va u erda bir qo'lida sigara, ikkinchisida brendi bilan divanga yoyilib, Aleksandrni Britaniya kabinetiga a'zo bo'lishga ishontirdi.[41]

Davlat ovqat xonasida, qirolicha Yelizaveta II (o'tirgan, markazda) yig'ilishida raislik qiladi Maxfiy kengash, shu jumladan Shahzoda Filiip (uning chap tomonida) va Bosh Vazir John Diefenbaker (uning o'ng tomonida)

Qirolning vafoti bilan Cherchillning 1952 yilgi tashrifidan bir oy o'tgach, Rideau Xollning old qismi qora rang bilan qoplangan edi bunting belgisi sifatida motam. Kanada qiroli sifatida so'nggi harakatlaridan biri sifatida Jorj VI tayinlandi Vinsent Massey nafaqat Kanadada tug'ilgan birinchi viceregal fuqarosi, balki uning Kanadadagi uyida yashovchi, balki yagona bo'lgan Massi bilan birga beva uning o'rnatilishidan ikki yil oldin; uning kelini Lilias shunday qilib harakat qildi Rideau Hall-ning shateleni. Massi Rideau Xollni "men ko'rgan eng afsuslanadigan mebel qismlariga" qaramay, "ma'lum bir ekssentriklikka ega deb hisoblash mumkin bo'lgan me'morchilik asari" deb aytdi.[42]

Rideau Xollda rasmiy marosimlar soni 1950 va 1960 yillarda ko'paygan, chunki Kanadadagi diplomatik korpuslar ko'paygan va mamlakat xalqaro miqyosda katta obro'ga ega bo'lgan; Massey davrida mehmonlar orasida qirolicha Juliana, Prezident Eisenxauer, imperator ham bor edi Efiopiyalik Xayl Selassi I, Javaharlal Neru va prezidentlari Germaniya, Italiya va Indoneziya. Sayohat qilish qulayligi bilan, ko'proq a'zolar Kanada qirollik oilasi shuningdek, Qirolicha Ona ham tashrif buyurgan; Meri, malika Royal; Katarin, Kent Düşesi; Malika Margaret, grafinya Snoudon; Shahzoda Filipp, Edinburg gersogi; va 1957 yilda, Elizabeth yana birinchi marta malika sifatida bo'lsa-da, qarorgohda edi.[43] Qirolicha Ottava hukumat uyida ham turdi va shu vaqt ichida 53 ta xorijiy davlat va hukumat rahbarlari tashrifi bilan tinglovchilarni qabul qildi Expo 67, Monrealda bo'lib o'tgan va Kanadaning yuz yillik tantanalari.

Rideau zalida qorong'u kunlar tushdi Oktyabr inqirozi tomonidan tahdid ostida bo'lgan 1970 yil Front de libération du Québec, Kvebekda bomba qo'ygan va o'g'irlashni olib borgan, saroy bir necha hafta davomida qattiq qo'riqlangan.[44] 1921 yildan beri an'anaviy ravishda ruxsat berilgan va sayyohlar va mahalliy qo'shnilar bahramand bo'lgan maydonlarga nisbatan nisbatan erkin kirish to'xtab qoldi. Jeanne Sauvé general-gubernatorlik davri; kirish faqat ma'lum kunlarda taklifnoma, uchrashuv yoki oldindan kelishilgan sayohatlar orqali so'ralgan. Ushbu qaror, tomonidan bildirilgan xavotirlarga asoslangan edi Kanada qirollik politsiyasi va Milliy kapital komissiyasi vitse-prezidentning xavfsizligi uchun va Rideau Xollni boshqa rasmiy qarorgohlar qatoriga, shu jumladan 24 Sasseks Drive va Bukingem saroyi, bu jamoatchilikka ruxsat bermadi. Biroq, Sauvening o'zi ham uning xavfsizligi haqida qayg'urganligi va "Men u erdagi aqldan ozgan erkaklardan xavotirdaman" deb aytilgan.

General-gubernator Jeanne Sauvé 1985 yilda Rideau Hall tashqarisida bog 'partiyasini o'tkazadi

Bu nafaqat shov-shuv Rideau Xoll haqidagi avvalgi bayonotiga zid bo'lganligi sababli, tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi: u "ha ha, albatta, u ochiq bo'lishi kerak", deb aytdi, balki Ottava aholisiga asoslardan foydalanishni rad etdi. Bitta guruh nomi bilan tuzilgan Kanada Gate Group guruhini ochadi va yopilish ko'proq xavfsizlikning haqiqiy xavf-xatarlaridan ko'ra Suvening shaxsiy hayotga bo'lgan xudbinlik istagi bilan bog'liq edi; Globe and Mail 1986 yilda guruh general-gubernatorning har yili o'tkaziladigan bog 'bazmini ular "bunker mentaliteti" deb atagani uchun boykot qilishni rejalashtirgani haqida xabar bergan. Sauvening vorisi, Rey Xnatishin, Hukumat uyi va uning bog'larini xalqqa qayta ochdi.[45] Shuningdek, Sauve menejment bo'yicha maslahatchilar tomonidan tavsiya etilgan rejani qiziqarli qildi Waterhouse narxi Rideau Hall-dan ko'chib o'tish Rideau yozgi uyi, ham shaxsiy hayot uchun, ham xarajatlarni tejash uchun.[46]

21-asr

General-gubernator Julie Payette Rideau Hall-da yashash joyini olmagan. 2017 yil oktyabr oyida uni tayinlash paytida 2067 yilga mo'ljallangan uzoq muddatli rejaning bir qismi bo'lgan ta'mirlash ishlari olib borilayotgan edi; xususan, saroyning xususiy kvartiralari "shaxsiy hayot va yaqinlik" ni ta'minlash uchun o'zgartirilgan. Payette o'rniga ko'chib o'tdi 7 Rideau darvozasi, odatda Kanadaga rasmiy tashrif buyurgan obro'li shaxslar uchun ajratilgan Rideau Hall maydonining asosiy kirish eshigi tashqarisida joylashgan turar joy. Viceregal oilaviy to'plamidagi o'zgarishlar 2018 yil mart oyiga qadar tugagan bo'lsa-da, kirish imkoniyatini yaxshilash uchun keyingi ta'mirlash ishlari darhol boshlandi. Payett 2019 yil yozida Rideau Xollga ko'chib o'tmoqchi edi, ammo u yozni La Citadelle-da o'tkazdi.[47]

Uchastkaning sababi 2020 yilga kelib yana yopildi Covid-19 pandemiyasi. O'sha davrda, 2 iyul kuni, bir kishi Bowsman, Manitoba yuk mashinasini parkni o'rab turgan to'siqdan piyodalar uchun kirish joyi bo'lgan Tomas Geyt orqali haydab chiqdi. U avtoulovida taxminan 120 metr narida piyoda yurishdan oldin, piyoda yurishdan oldin, bir necha daqiqa davomida gul bog'ida yashirinib, so'ng Rideau Xollning orqasidagi issiqxonalarga qarab harakatlandi. Groundskeepers bosqinchini payqadi va oxir-oqibat Kanada qirollik otliq politsiyasi chaqirildi. Politsiya qurollangan deb qayd etgan odam hech qanday hodisasiz hibsga olingan. Ulardan foydalanayotgan na general-gubernator, na bosh vazir Rideau yozgi uyi vaqtincha yashash joyi sifatida 24 Sasseks Drive ta'mirlanmoqda, o'sha paytda Rideau Hall mulkida bo'lgan.[48][49]

Funktsiya

Muxolifat lideri, Endryu Sxer qasamyod qildi Qirolichaning Kanada uchun maxfiy kengashi general-gubernator oldida Devid Jonston Rideau Hall-ning katta zalida, 2017 yil 25 sentyabr; Maxfiy kengash xodimi Maykl Vernik qasamyodini bajarmoqda

Rideau Xollning asosiy maqsadi - Kanada general-gubernatori va uning oilasi idoralarini joylashtirish,[50][51] shu jumladan Kanada Heraldic Authority. Bu, shuningdek, Kanada monarxining Ottava qarorgohi.[1][34] Rideau Hall-ning aksariyat qismi davlat ishlariga bag'ishlangan; atigi 500 m2 (5400 kvadrat fut) umumiy 9500 m2 (102,000 sq ft) xususiy yashash joylariga bag'ishlangan.[52] Rideau Hall-da har yili 200 ga yaqin tadbirlar o'tkaziladi,[16] eng mavjudot Kanada mukofoti taqdimotlar va investitsiyalar. Shu tarzda, saroy qaerda bosh vazirlar va boshqa a'zolari federal kabinet qasamyod va federal saylov varaqalari general-gubernatorning boshqa konstitutsiyaviy funktsiyalari qatorida bekor qilinadi. Davlat rahbarlari, kiruvchi va chiquvchi elchilar va yuqori komissarlar Kanadaga va Kanadaga Valiahd vazirlar va sodiq muxolifat rahbarlari Rideau zalida qabul qilinadi tomoshabinlar noib yoki suveren bilan,[53][54] ikkinchisi yashash joyida bo'lishi kerak.

Shuningdek, qarorgoh jamoatchilik uchun ochiq, tashrif buyuruvchilar dasturi va davlat xonalari bo'ylab yil davomida bepul sayohatlar,[55] shuningdek, talabalar uchun ma'rifiy sayohatlar;[56] Milliy poytaxt mintaqasidagi oltita rasmiy turar-joylardan bittasi hammaga ochiq.[50] Mehmonlar markazi asosiy darvoza yonida joylashgan.[57] Rideau Hall har yili ishtirok etadi Ottava eshiklarini oching va bolalar har biri uyda hiyla-nayrang qilishlari mumkin Halloween.[58]

Arxitektura

Rideau Xollning asosiy qavatining rejasi, asl McKay villasiga turli xil qo'shilishlarni aks ettiradi

Dastlabki 1838 tuzilishi nisbatan kichik edi; balandligi atigi ikki qavat balandlikda, markaziy, egri ko'rfazida va shunga mos ravishda kavisli pediment tepada, villa Tomas MakKay tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan (u ham loyihalashtirgan va qurgan edi) Earnscliffe[13]) a Regensiya uslubi, me'mor Sirning ishidan ilhomlangan Jon Soan O'zi o'sha paytdagi poytaxt uchun hech qachon amalga oshirilmagan hukumat uyini loyihalashtirgan Yuqori Kanada, York, 1818 yilda.[59] Hozirgi kelishuvdan farqli o'laroq, McKay villasining ko'ngil ochish, uxlash va xizmat ko'rsatish uchun xonalari, binoning ikkinchi qavatida joylashgan bo'lib, asosiy zal ikkinchi qavatda, egri janubiy ko'rfaz orqasidagi oval xonada joylashgan. Milliy poytaxt komissiyasining bosh me'mori Devid Skarlett 2014 yilda MakKey tosh ustalarining ilg'or qobiliyatlarini namoyish etish uchun shunday shaklda qilinganligini aytdi.[16] Uyning asosiy kirish qismi g'arbiy tomonda edi va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yuqori qavatga zinapoyalar bilan zalga ochildi. Janubning old tomonida kutubxona, ovqat xonasi va budoir bor edi Frantsuz eshiklari tor tomon ochiladi balkon; ovqat xonasiga uchta eshik xizmat qilgan, ulardan biri endi chodirlar xonasining mehmonxonasida, biri uzun galereyada, yana biri hali ham tashqi tomondan ochiladi. Boudoirdan dastlab ochilgan frantsuz eshigi bugun Poline Vanier xonasining oynasidir.

Dastlab McKay oilasidan kanadalik noib uchun vaqtinchalik turar joy sifatida ijaraga olingan ushbu uy shu vaqtdan beri bir necha bor kengaytirildi. Viscount Monck 1865 yilda villaga birinchi qo'shilishni nazorat qildi: sharqqa cho'zilgan va asl nusxasi bilan uyg'un bo'lishga harakat qilganda, Kvebekdagi general-gubernatorning qarorgohiga o'xshash uslubda qurilgan uzun qanot, Spenser Vud Monk Rideau Xolldan ustun qo'ydi. Shunday qilib kengaytma umuman olganda amalga oshirildi Norman uslubi o'sha paytda Kvebekda odatiy bo'lgan va shunga o'xshash uzun, yopiq bo'lgan dizayni ayvon,[10] ko'ndalang zal va bezatilgan yangi zina vitray fonar. 1913 yilda mis bilan almashtirilgunga qadar tashqi devorlari ashlar ohaktoshli toshlar va tomi sadr chinorlari bilan qoplangan.[60]

1911 yildagi Minto qanoti (o'ngda) va Monk qanotining general-gubernatorning ishi uchun kengaytirilganligi tasvirlangan (markazda)

1872 yilda Dufferin grafligi davrida ichki makon tennis maydon va bal zalida asosiy kirish qismining navbati bilan janubga va shimolga joylashgan uyning g'arbiy qismida qo'shilgan. Balo zali og'ir yog'och ramkalar tashqi g'isht to'ldirilgan va tayyor tosh bilan.[60] Keyin, qachon Minto grafligi 1898 yilda katta oilasi va oilasi bilan Minto qanoti Rideau zalining sharqiy qismida qurilgan va keyingi yilda qurib bitkazilgan, ammo bu yana tegishli hukumat uyi qurilguncha faqat vaqtinchalik chora bo'lishi kerak edi.[61] Mintoning vorisi, Earl Grey, general-gubernatorning ishini Monk qanotining uzoq sharqiy qismiga qo'shib qo'ydi va shu bilan g'arbdagi asl McKay villasining egri ko'rfazini va pedimentini nosimmetrik tarzda muvozanatlashtirdi.

Rideau Xoll shaklidagi eng katta o'zgarishlardan biri 1913 yilda, bal zal va Tent xonasi o'rtasida bog'lovchi Mappin blokini qurish bilan birga, derazalarini uyg'unlashtirish uchun ikkita so'nggi tuzilmani qayta tiklash bilan birga, korniş balandliklar va qoplamalar (a. ichida ohaktosh ashlar ), barchasi "moslashtirilgan holda" Florensiyalik me'moriy uslub "Bosh Dominion Architect tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Devid Evart.[62] Blok balandligi uch qavatli bo'lib, uning old qismi bo'linadi pilasters beshga koylar, markaziy teng to'rttadan bir oz kengroq. Asosiy qavatdagi derazalar har biri tomonidan hosil qilingan uchburchak peshtoq ostidagi kichikroq pilasterlar bilan o'ralgan keelni shakllantirish geyzonlar Ikkinchi darajadagi derazalar har birining ramkalari oddiygina astragal a tomonidan tepada singan kalıplama asosiy tosh. Og'ir entablature ikkinchi va uchinchi darajalarni ajratib turadi, ularning tepasida unchalik aniq bo'lmagan pilasterlar va oddiygina ramkali oynalar joylashgan bo'lib, butun jabhasi tor korniş bilan yopilgan va old tomoni timpanum ko'taradigan a asosiy relyef ning Buyuk Britaniyaning qirollik qurollari (.dagi eng katta ijro deb ishoniladi Hamdo'stlik[63]).

1914 yilda Mappin bloki qo'shilishidan oldin (chapda) va keyin (o'ngda) Rideau Xollning g'arbiy jabhasi tasvirlari.

Keyinchalik "Qirolicha kirishi" deb nomlangan asosiy eshikka rasmiy kelish uchun,[64] ushbu qo'shimchaga a port-koker ustunlar orasidagi uchta kamar teshiklari bilan McKay villasining port-kokerini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi ustunlar poydevoriga yotqizilgan.[60] Markaziy ochilish joyiga qalqonning o'yib ishlangan toshi tushirilgan Kanadaning qirollik qurollari 1868-1921 yillarda paydo bo'lgan. Barcha arklarni qish paytida o'rnatish mumkin fanatlar avtomashinalardan chiqadigan yopiq joyni ta'minlash uchun shisha eshiklar. 1914 yilga qadar qurilgan yana bir loyiha - 1912 yilda chodirlar xonasining sharqida joylashgan "Uzoq galereya" va "Davlat ovqat xonasi" ning kengaytirilishi.

Uzoq galereyadan tashqarida Veranda joylashgan bo'lib, 1927 yilda qo'shilgan. Bu oddiy, gipsli qoplamali, katta derazali bitta xonani va Frantsuz eshiklari Dufferin va Monck Wings o'rtasidagi burchakdagi yuqori terasta maysazoriga qarab. Derazalar o'rtasida yarim dumaloq va tekis klassik pilasterlar mavjud. Zinapoyalar to'plami frantsuz eshiklaridan yuqori terastaga olib boradi.[65]

Kanada qurol-yarog'ining eskcheoni qirolichaning (asosiy) kirish qismidagi port-kokher ustida o'yilgan.

An kirish mumkin kirish joyi - ochildi Anne, malika Royal va uning nomi bilan atalgan - 1982 yilda qo'shilgan[66] va Minto qanoti oxir-oqibat turar joylardan ofislarga aylantirildi.[16] Keyin general-gubernatorning buyrug'i bilan Mixail Jan,[16] Rideau Hall-ning asosiy jabhasi 2006 yilgacha kapital ta'mirlandi[16] va 2007 yil, 1986 yildan beri bino va uning maydonlarini saqlash va saqlash uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Milliy kapital komissiyasi tomonidan nazorat qilinadi.[iqtibos kerak ] Masonluk muomala qilindi va tiklandi, asl nusxasi qanotli derazalar reabilitatsiya qilingan va qo'rg'oshin bo'yoqlaridan tozalangan va Mappin qanotining mis tomi ta'mirlangan. Bu 60-yillardan buyon oldingi jabhada birinchi marta har qanday muhim ishlar amalga oshirildi.[63] Binoning o'rnini bosuvchi loyiha 2012 yilda boshlangan iqlim nazorati tizimi - uchta katta tashqi qismdan iborat sovutgichlar va bir nechta derazaga o'rnatilgan konditsionerlar - bilan geotermik isitish va kelgusida geotermik tizim kengaytirilgunga qadar, qishda binoning isitish ehtiyojlarining taxminan yarmini ta'minlashi kerak bo'lgan sovutish tizimi.[67]

Zal 1986 yilda Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office tomonidan tasniflangan meros ob'ekti sifatida belgilab qo'yilgan va Kanadadagi eng yuqori meros ahamiyatini bergan.[68][8][63]

Dekor va jihozlar

Rideau Hall uzoq vaqtdan beri Kanadadagi san'at va idishni yig'ish punkti bo'lib kelgan. Birinchi vitseregal aholisi kabi, zalda Jakues & Hay of kabi taniqli Kanada kabinet ishlab chiqaruvchilari tomonidan tayyorlangan buyumlar bor edi. Toronto, Monrealdan Jeyms Tompson va Kvebekdan Uilyam Drum.[69] Dastlab, ichki bezatish juda og'ir edi Viktoriya davri, ko'pchilik bilan Rokoko ta'sirlar. Ta'mirlash ishlari, asosan, ichki makonga aylandi Gruzin bo'shliqlar, bilan Odam va Palladian elementlar.[70] 1960-yillarga qadar har bir ketma-ket qirollik va o'rinbosarlar oilasi bilan uyning tarkibi va ranglari o'zgarib turardi; konsortsium odatda Rideau Hallni o'zining shaxsiy va zamonaviy didiga mos ravishda yangilashni o'z vazifasi deb biladi. Saroyning doimiy kollektsiyasida rasmlar oz bo'lganligi sababli Milliy galereya ijaraga beriladigan ishlarni taqdim etadi; hozirgi kungacha davom etadigan munosabatlar.

Uzoq galereya xususiyatlari Chinnigullar tomonidan to'plangan bezaklar Uillisonning martionessasi

Bugungi kunda xonalar turar joy tarixidan olingan elementlar, shuningdek zamonaviy Kanada madaniyatini namoyish etadigan san'at va boshqa narsalar bilan jihozlangan. Etti guruh "s Loren Xarris, Emili Karr, Jan Pol Lemie va Bill Rid. Uzoq galereya Chinnigullar bezatish 1993 yilda general-gubernator Rey Xnatishinning rafiqasi Gerda Xnatishinning ko'rsatmasi bilan tiklandi va yig'ilgan mebel va eksponatlarning katta qismini qaytarib berdi. Uillisonning makonessasi safari davomida Xitoy 1926 yilda. Kanadadagi elchilar va oliy komissarlar uchun salomlashish va qabul qilish funktsiyalari uchun foydalaniladigan makonda hozirda beshta gilam mavjud. Hongkong va Shanxay banki va a Steinway & Sons go'dak pianino tegishli bo'lgan Glenn Gould.[71] Rideau zalida boshqa konsortsiyalar, masalan, birinchi qavat yo'lagidagi 6 panelli Gruziya eshigidagi (Poline Vanier xonasiga tutash xonaga) malika Luizaning bo'yalgan olma shoxlari va Nora Michenerning sovg'a to'plami kabi iz qoldirdilar. Inuit haykaltaroshlik.[6] General-gubernator Adrienne Klarkson va uning eri, Jon Ralston Saul, nafaqat xonalarni doimiy ravishda oq rangdan to tarixiy jihatdan aniqroq va polikromli palitraga qadar bo'yashni kuzatibgina qolmay,[16] shuningdek, ishlagan Ontario Potter Bill Reddik Rideau Xollning Kanadadagi birinchi chinni davlat kechki ovqatni ishlab chiqarishni rivojlantirishga.[72]

Vinsent Massi general-gubernator lavozimida bo'lganidan beri noib bu bilan yaqindan hamkorlik qilib kelgan Jamoat ishlari va davlat xizmatlari bo'limi Rideau Hallni ta'mirlash va ta'mirlashda; hozirda kafedra saroyni saqlashga nisbatan muntazam ravishda yondashuvni taqdim etadi, bunda loyihaning mas'ul vakili bo'lgan bino binosi boshqaruvchisi ishlaydi. Milliy kapital komissiyasi xonalarni bezatish bilan shug'ullanadi; 2004 yildan beri komissiya ko'plab salonlarni va boshqalarni tiklash bo'yicha loyihani amalga oshirdi davlat xonalari ular birinchi bo'lib qurilgan davrga.[71] Ko'p qismlar -objets d'art, rasmlar, haykallar, kitoblar, jihozlar va gilamchalar - dan olingan Toj to'plami,[73][74] shunday qilib, Adrienne Klarksonning so'zlari bilan aytganda, "bu erdagi mebel va boshqa narsalarning aralashmasi endi mamlakatni, bu erga kelgan va joylashib olgan odamlarni aks ettiradi va Kanada hikoyasining bir qismiga aylandi".[72]

Markaziy blok va Mappin qanoti

The Edvardcha uslub Mappin qanoti ichidagi kirish zali qisman marmar bilan qoplangan; zinapoya tepasidagi eshik Qabullar xonasiga kiradi

Dastlabki McKay villasining qolgan qismi - bu pastki qavatdagi ziyofat xonasi va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yuqorida joylashgan qirollik to'plami. Birinchisi 1913 yilda villaning ichki qismlarini olib tashlash orqali yaratilgan; taxtalar, qoliplar va trimlar o'sha davrga tegishli.[60] Bu erda kichik marosimlar va prezentatsiyalar bo'lib o'tadi, ikkinchisi esa o'sha oval xona bo'lib, u ilgari asl McKay villasining mehmon xonasi bo'lgan va keyinchalik monarxning yotoqxonasiga aylanishidan oldin zal, studiya va ish xonasi sifatida ishlatilgan.[70] McKay uyining ba'zi alomatlari hanuzgacha ko'rinib turibdi, xususan, ziyofat xonasining shimoliy devoridagi hozirda bo'sh oynada va qirollik xonasida joylashgan gipsli shift.

Ushbu xonalarning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Edvardian Kirish zali joylashgan Mappin qanoti. Uning devorlari qisman panelli, qisman marmar bilan qoplangan; mozaik plitka bilan qoplangan pastki qavat, yuqori qismi esa yog'och bilan qoplangan. Ikki daraja keng, oq marmar, markaziy narvon bilan bog'langan; har bir tomonda, yuqori qo'nish joyida, naqshinkor marmar qo'riqchilar, Neoklassik korkuluklar. Zinadan tepada eshik (qabulxonaga) yonida ismlari va eskutonlar uchun har bir bosh hokimning Yangi Frantsiya, Britaniya Shimoliy Amerika va Kanada.[75] Qarama-qarshi devorda, kirishning chap tomonida - Qirollik darchasi - Yelizaveta II taxtga o'tirganining 40 yilligiga bag'ishlangan vitray parchasi, uning o'rtasida Qirolichaning Kanada qirollik standarti yuqorida va Kanadaning katta muhri quyida monarxning gerbi har bir viloyat gerbining qalqonlari bilan o'ralgan. Bundan tashqari, yuqori ikki burchakda Elizabethning suratlari joylashgan qirollik shifri, suverenning ikkala nishon nishoni nishonlarini muvozanatlash Kanada ordeni va Harbiy xizmatlari uchun ordeni pastki ikki burchakda. Kirishning o'ng tomonida yana bir vitray oynasi joylashgan bo'lib, u Kanadada tug'ilgan general-gubernatorning birinchi tayinlanishiga ishora qiladi; vitseregal holati chinor bargini ushlab turgan va lavozimni egallagan birinchi etti kishining qo'llari qalqonlari bilan o'ralgan tojli sher bilan ramziy ma'noga ega.[76] 2012 yilda bronza va shisha tutqichlar, shaxsiy mablag'lari hisobidan moliyalashtirildi Rouge Herald favqulodda Rojer Aleksandr Lindsay,[77] yodgorlik zinapoyasining har ikki tomoniga qo'shilgan Qirolicha Yelizaveta II ning olmos yubileyi.[78]

Chodir xonasi
Balli zal
Davlat va rasmiy tadbirlar odatda Mappin qanotida joylashgan chodir xonasida yoki bal zalida o'tkaziladi

Mappin qanoti kitoblar bilan yakunlangan - Tide Room - biroz kamroq rasmiy yig'ilishlarda ishlatiladi va bal zalida - Rideau Hall-dagi davlat hayotining markazi. Aynan shu so'nggi makonda taqdirlash va taqdirlash marosimlari bo'lib o'tadi, a'zolari Kabinet qasamyod qiladilar, elchilar diplomatik ishonchnomalarini topshiradilar va keng ko'lamli davlat kechki ovqatlari o'tkaziladi; shunday qilib, u Kanadadagi ikkinchi eng ko'p suratga olingan va televizion xonadir, undan oldin faqat Jamiyat palatasi.[16] Ikki balandlikdagi bo'shliq, uning ustiga to'rtburchaklar plyonkalar orasidagi uzun bo'yli, kamar oynalar o'rnatilgan bo'lib, ular zarhal bilan qoplangan, akanthused poytaxtlar. Kabelni shakllantirish trim teshiklarning aksariyat qismini o'rab oladi va xonaning perimetri bo'ylab, devor va shipning kesishgan joyida, chuqur va bezakli gipsdir. tojni shakllantirish naqshli godroon tomonidan tashkil etilgan friz va og'ir tishlangan krovat talon va daralar qoliplari qatlamlari orasida. Yuqorida Viktoriya, lakunar, aniq oraliq bor tonozli ship, uning markazidan osilib turgan a Waterford Crystal qandil tomonidan taqdim etilgan Britaniya hukumati kuni Viktoriya kuni 1951 yilda Ikkinchi Jahon urushidagi Kanadaning roli uchun minnatdorlik belgisi sifatida. Shuningdek, bal zalining asosiy eshigidan janub tomonda joylashgan kanodagi ijrochi rassomlarning yuksak mahorati va general-gubernatorning ijro san'ati mukofotlari nishonlangan vitray oynasi joylashgan.[79]

Bal zalidagi zamonaviy dekoratsiya -chang ko'k bej rangdagi devorlar marmarlangan pilasters, qaymoq trim va soyalari shaftoli, qaymoq va Eski oltin Adrienne Klarkson 1999 yildan 2005 yilgacha qirolichaning vakili bo'lib ishlaganida, shiftdagi barcha diqqatga sazovor joylarni ta'kidlab o'tdi. 1970-yillarda xonaga tatbiq etilgan monoxrom palitrani echib, bu bal zalini qayta tikladi. xona 1872 yilda birinchi marta qurib bitkazilganida bo'lgan asl nusxaga yaqinroq.[80]

Chodirlar xonasining ko'rinishi odatdagidek tennis kortini ovqat xonasiga vaqtincha o'zgartirish uchun devorlarga o'ralgan va shiftga osilgan chiziqli matoning asl ishlatilishidan olingan.[17] Xonada bugungi kunda vertikal ravishda qirilgan qizil va tilla matodan devor bilan o'ralgan plomba o'rnatilgan bo'lib, u xuddi bitta matodan tashqariga osilgan mato bilan uchrashish uchun ko'tariladi. kassa shiftining markazida va xonaning perimetri bo'ylab a bilan kesilgan taroq qirrali oddiyning valentligi passesserie va püsküller. Bu bo'shliqning ichki qismiga umuman o'xshashligini beradi chodir. Xonaning g'arbiy devori ketma-ket derazalar bilan sindirilgan, ularning har biri ikkita eshik bilan qarama-qarshi devorda joylashgan uzoq galereyaga, va ular orasida doimiy ramka va panel shamollatish. All this woodwork, including the door frames and other trim, is painted in a gloss white to contrast with the textured and patterned wall fabric.

Monck Wing

The Pauline Vanier Room contains furniture and other cabinetry works crafted by Canadians

Within the Monck Wing, built between 1865 and 1866, are other living quarters and drawing and dining rooms generally for non-state affairs, such as the Pauline Vanier Room, a small sitting room where informal meetings are held with visiting heads of state and other officials. The room was originally created in the 1960s by Pauline Vanier out of an old yordamchi chekish xonasi, giving the space qarag'ay panelling and filling it with antique furnishings from Quebec.[81] However, it was later again refurbished to remove the til va truba planks Vanier had installed and which were said to be reminiscent of suburban basement panelling popular in the 1970s. The Pauline Vanier Room today contains furniture and other cabinetry works by Canadian artisans,[82] as well as works by Canadian artists such as Kenojuak Ashevak, Emili Karr va Norval Morrisso.[65]

For more formal gatherings both before and after state events, as well as for entertaining visiting heads of state and their party, the Large Drawing Room, on the south side of the Monck Wing, is used. Previously called the Red Salon, the space underwent thorough renovations in 1901, updating it to the Edvard uslubi that was popular at the time, giving it pechene panelling formed from plaster mouldings, a layered crown moulding, as well as windows and doors with chambranled montants, the latter openings also equipped with moulded, classical ochiq havoda. On the walls of the drawing room are hung portraits depicting the viceregal consorts of previous governors general.[83] Directly across the hall from the Large Drawing Room is the State Dining Room, which is reserved for state dinners for visiting heads of state with smaller parties, with the table seating a maximum of 42 guests. in 1909, the dining room too was renovated to a similar Edwardian look, but its present day layout did not emerge until the late 1940s, after various subsequent renovations.[84] The sterling silver sets on display in this room are on loan from Buckingham Palace.[6]

General-gubernator Adrienne Klarkson (o'ngda) bilan Rossiya prezidenti Vladimir Putin (left) in the governor general's study, 2000

The governor general's study sits at the far east end of the Monck Wing's ground floor, next to another study allocated for the viceroy's consort. The former is panelled in carved wood that was installed when the room was constructed in 1906, with the names of each governor general applied in succession around the room,[16] below the dado temir yo'l and a rendition of the sovereign's arms for the United Kingdom as a focal piece above the fireplace (reflecting the era in which the room was fitted). When the prime minister arrives for an audience with the governor in the latter's study, he or she uses the dedicated Prime Minister's Entrance, which is situated on the north side of the Monck addition, and opens into the east-most of the wing's two staircases, from which it is only a short walk to the viceroy's office. Across from the study, the library contains a complete collection of General-gubernatorning adabiy mukofoti winning works.[n 1][16] This room began as a bedroom for Lady Monck, later becoming the governor general's office, a boudoir, the military secretary's office, a smoking room, a flower room, and a card room, before being assigned its current role in 1952.[85]

Further, the Monck Wing houses another, smaller drawing room and a billiard room. The viceregal suite, consisting of a study/living room, a large bedroom, and a kitchenette,[86] is at the far west end of the upper floor. Also on the second level is the royal suite (the bedroom being the former parlour of the McKay villa) and the other guest bedrooms, each being named for a former British governor. The descendants of these men were approached in the 1990s with a request for donations of historical memorabilia, to which, amongst others, the Devonshires—relations of the ninth Duke of Devonshire —responded with a Regency mirror that had been used at Chatsvort uyi.[6] On that floor is also a cherkov, installed during the Michener period, and which was made ecumenical and opened on 2 July 1967, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, for both Anglikan va Rim katolik xizmatlar.[87]

San'at

Portretining nusxasi Qirolicha Viktoriya tomonidan Jorj Xeyter hangs in the Tent Room

Originally, most of the art in Rideau Hall was the personal property of the incumbent governor general and, as with much of the furnishings, was removed upon the end of the viceroy's commission. Starting in the 20th century, however, more and more pieces were added to the dedicated Crown Collection for Government House, either through gifts or purchases;[88] for instance, in 1946, Sir James Dunn presented the Crown with two paintings by Yoxann Zoffani. Today the collection of furnishing, art, and artifacts at Rideau Hall is composed of private gifts from the Canada Fund (a foundation created by the government of Canada) and the Friends of Rideau Hall.[89] The pieces, though predominantly Canadian in origin, also represent the Far East, Europe, and other regions,[88] and can be arranged thematically, such as the Asian influenced pieces in the Long Gallery, the portraits of Canadian governors general in the reception room. The Crown Collection works on display are also usually augmented with approximately 100 art pieces and antiques on loan from various museums, galleries, and private collections; this continues a tradition started in the 1930s, when the National Gallery lent pieces to the viceroy at the time, Bessboro grafligi.[88]

Additionally, since the time of Clarkson's appointment, themed artistic exhibitions have been mounted at Rideau Hall, such as that during the tenure of Michaëlle Jean wherein the show "Body and Land" featured select ipak ekran prints from the artist's book Susanna Moodie jurnallari muallif tomonidan Margaret Atvud and artist Charles Pachter. What had been praised during Clarkson's tenure,[86] however, was soon critiqued when it was revealed that into Jean's appointment, Rideau Hall's interpretation and exhibition planner, Fabienne Fusade, was removing from sight the portraits of Canada's past and present sovereigns and other members of the Royal Family, in order to fulfill Jean's wish to make the royal residence a showcase for Canadian art and give "a strong image of Canada";[n 2][90] the portrait by Jean Paul Lemieux of Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh that had for decades dominated the focal wall of the ballroom was shifted to the rear wall,[91] thereby bumping the copy of Jorj Xeyter "s state portrait of Queen Victoria that had hung there to the Tent Room, where the portraits of Canada's British governors general had been collected together. These moves and removals were criticised by the editorial board of the Milliy pochta, as well as other journalists,[n 3] as having "demoted and ghettoized" history in order to "siphon off the great symbolic power of the monarchy, to further [the staff's] particular tastes and agendas," noting that Rideau Hall should not be used "primarily [as] an art gallery."[92]

Zamin

Rideau Hall's 0.36-square-kilometre (88-acre) property is surrounded by a 2,500-metre (8,200 ft) long Victorian style quyma temir va quyma tosh panjara put up in 1928[52] and contains uniquely Canadian landscapes designed in the tabiiy va formal styles, including broad lawns, groves of trees, and meandering roads and pathways. The entire site is divided into five distinct areas: the wooded entrance park (trees, groundcover, za'faron va maysazor ), the open parkland (o'tloq ), the shakar tupi, ornamental gardens, and the farm (out-buildings and open area).[93] The last once included a herd of cattle and fields used to grow hay, but today the only remaining agricultural ventures are the working vegetable and herb gardens that have been present on the site since the time of the McKay family.[16] From these fields, plants, fruits, and edible flowers are used in the palace kitchens,[94] va a issiqxona and flower garden provide flowers for the hall and other government buildings in Ottawa. Further, during the early spring months, the chinorlar throughout the property are tapped for sirop qilish. In total, more than 10,000 trees grow on the grounds.[95] Additionally, there is a one kilometre (0.62 mi) long honorary segment of the Trans-Kanada yo'li mulk bo'yicha.[96]

  • Entrance to the grounds in the cast iron and stone fence that surrounds the entire property

  • An inukshuk tomonidan o'rnatilgan Kananginak Pootoogook

  • The grounds of Rideau Hall also includes a skating rink

As with the house that sits on them, the grounds too were transformed throughout the decades: Lady Byng created the existing tosh bog ', with a reflecting pool and wild corner for growing trilliumlar va orkide; a totem qutbi tomonidan Kvakiutl o'ymakor Mungo Martin was gifted to the Earl Alexander of Tunis by the Britaniya Kolumbiyasi gubernatori -Kengash ichida; the Fountain of Hope was initiated by Gerda Xnatishin belgilash uchun Xalqaro nogironlar yili, built in front of Rideau Hall, and dedicated to Terri Foks;[97] and an inukshuk rassom tomonidan Kananginak Pootoogook, dan Dorset burni, Nunavut, was built to commemorate the second Milliy Aborigenlar kuni, 1997 yilda.[98] The Canadian Heritage Garden is a formal rose garden championed by Gerda Hnatyshyn and constructed to mark the 125th anniversary of Confederation.[16] Also, each member of the Royal Family or visiting dignitary to Rideau Hall is asked to plant a tree; as such, the park, mostly along the main drive, is dotted with nearly 100 trees with small plaques at their bases listing the name and office of the person who planted each particular tree.[98] Bunga quyidagilar kiradi Qirolicha Yelizaveta, Qirolicha ona; Diana, Uels malikasi; Shahzoda Charlz, Uels shahzodasi; King George VI; and numerous by Queen Elizabeth II. Foreign dignitaries who have planted trees include Jon F. Kennedi, Jaklin Kennedi Onassis, Richard Nikson, Bill Klinton, Kofi Annan, Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, Visente Foks va imperator Akixito.

Throughout their history as a royal park, the gardens have hosted numerous activities and events. The earliest governors general added amenities such as a kıvırma rink, a skating pond (which remains in operation, making it one of the oldest rinks in North America[16]), tog ' ishlaydi,[n 4] tennis courts, and the like, and many of the guests at Rideau Hall would partake in these outdoor activities, including prime ministers Uilyam Lion Makkenzi King va Robert Borden, who would often skate on the iced over pond with the viceregal family. Of the tobogganing, Lieutenant William Galwey, a member of the survey team that laid out the Canada–United States border and later visited Rideau Hall in November 1871, said: "It is a most favourite amusement at Government House. Ladies go in for it. I think they like rolling over and over with the gentlemen."[100]

The grounds of Rideau Hall have been open to the public since 1921, when Vimi Lord Lord Byng 's aide-de-camp resolved to open Government House to "all who had a right to be there,"[101] a move that outraged the traditionalists. Today an expanded visitors' centre has been established to facilitate tours. Further, garden parties are held by the viceroy in the summer months, continuing the tradition started by the Lord Lisgar in 1869,[102] and each year the governor general holds a New Year's Levi, an event that traces its roots back to the French royal government and which welcomes guests from the public to attend and participate in skating, sledding, and refreshments.[6] The park also hosts the Rideau Hall Cricket Association and Ottawa Valley Cricket Council, which continues the tradition of kriket being played in the royal residence's gardens, beginning when the kriket pitch was laid out by the Viscount Monck in 1866. Matches continue to be played at the hall during summer weekends.[103]

Boshqa tuzilmalar

The Visitor Centre is one of several structures on the property

Other than Rideau Hall itself, there are 27 buildings around the property, including Rideau Cottage (currently serving as a temporary official home for the Prime Minister and his family),[104] offices for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, National Capital Commission, and Public Works and Government Services Canada, the General-gubernatorning oyoq qo'riqchilari ' house, the Gasometer or Dome Building (Rideau Hall offices),[105] the visitors' centre, the Farm Building, and stables. Additionally, there are six greenhouses.[106]

Surrounding properties

Though not on the grounds of Rideau Hall, Avliyo Bartolomeyning Anglikan cherkovi is located across MacKay Street on property once belonging to the MacKay Villa estate. It is regularly used by governors general and their families and sometimes by the sovereign and other members of the Canadian Royal Family, as well as by viceregal household staff, their families, and members of the Governor General's Foot Guards, for whom the church also serves as a regimental chapel.[107] Shuningdek yaqin 7 Rideau darvozasi, which is a guesthouse for distinguished visitors of the Crown situated just outside and facing onto the forecourt of the main gate of Rideau Hall.[108]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ Qarang Governor General's Awards § Governor General's Literary Awards.
  2. ^ Fusade called the portraits "anachronisms" and said they "did not fit any more with the current role of the Governor General."[90]
  3. ^ Dan Gardner said in the Kalgari Xerald that "The idea behind all this is to ease the Queen out of the country's consciousness and Constitution."[91]
  4. ^ A toboggan run some 700 m in length was cut through the forest in 1897, allowing sleds to slide right down to the Ottawa River, and, in 1903, the Countess of Minto formed the Minto Skating Club and held amateur competitions at Rideau Hall each year.[99]

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