Steinway & Sons - Steinway & Sons

"Steinway" bu erga yo'naltiradi. Boshqa maqsadlar uchun qarang Shteynvey (ajralish).

Steinway & Sons
Xususiy
SanoatMusiqiy asboblar
Tashkil etilgan1853 yil 5-mart (167 yil oldin) (1853-03-05)[1]
yilda Manxetten, Nyu-York shahri[2]
Ta'sischiGeynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg
(keyinchalik Genri E. Shteynvey nomi bilan tanilgan)[3]
Bosh ofis • Evropa va xalqaro:
Gamburg, Germaniya[4]
53 ° 34′27 ″ N 9 ° 55′27 ″ E / 53.5743 ° N 9.9241 ° E / 53.5743; 9.9241 (Steinway & Sons - Evropa va xalqaro qarorgohi - Gamburg, Germaniya)Koordinatalar: 53 ° 34′27 ″ N 9 ° 55′27 ″ E / 53.5743 ° N 9.9241 ° E / 53.5743; 9.9241 (Steinway & Sons - Evropa va xalqaro qarorgohi - Gamburg, Germaniya)
• Amerika:
Bir Steinway joyi, Malika, Nyu-York, Nyu-York, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari[4]
40 ° 46′45 ″ N. 73 ° 53′59 ″ V / 40.7793 ° N 73.8998 ° Vt / 40.7793; -73.8998 (Steinway & Sons - Amerikaning shtab-kvartirasi - Kvins, Nyu-York)
Joylar soni
Dunyo bo'ylab 300 ko'rgazma zallarini boshqaradigan 200 vakolatli dilerlar[5]
Xizmat ko'rsatiladigan maydon
Butun dunyo bo'ylab[5]
Mahsulotlar • Katta pianinolar[6]
• tik pianinolar[7]
Ishlab chiqarish hajmi
2,600 pianinolar (har yili)[8]
XizmatlarSteinway pianinolarining tiklanishi[9]
Ota-onaPaulson & Co. Inc.[10]
Veb-saytwww.stwayway.com

Steinway & Sons, shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan Steynvey, (/ˈstaɪnweɪ/ (Ushbu ovoz haqidatinglang)) Amerikalik pianino kompaniyasi, 1853 yilda tashkil etilgan Manxetten nemis pianino quruvchisi tomonidan Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg (keyinchalik Genri E. Shteynvey nomi bilan tanilgan).[2][11] Kompaniyaning o'sishi Qo'shma Shtatlarning Nyu-York shahrida, keyin esa fabrikasining ochilishiga olib keldi Gamburg, Germaniya.[12] Fabrikasi Malika Nyu-York shahrining tumani etkazib beradi Amerika va Gamburgdagi zavod dunyoning qolgan qismini etkazib beradi.[7][13]

Steinway taniqli pianino kompaniyasi sifatida tavsiflangan,[14][15] yuqori sifatli pianino tayyorlash bilan mashhur[16][17] va fortepianoni rivojlantirish sohasidagi ixtirolar uchun.[18][19] Shteynveyga 139 ta huquq berilgan patentlar pianino tayyorlashda; birinchisi, 1857 yilda.[20] Kompaniyaning yuqori darajadagi pianino bozoridagi ulushi doimiy ravishda 80 foizdan oshadi.[21] Dominant pozitsiya tanqid ostiga olingan, ba'zi musiqachilar va yozuvchilar bu yangilikni to'sib qo'yganligi va pianistlar tomonidan ma'qul keladigan tovushning bir hil bo'lishiga olib kelgan deb ta'kidlashmoqda.[22][23]

Steinway pianinolari ko'plab mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi.[24] Birinchilardan biri 1855 yilda oltin medal Amerika instituti ko'rgazmasi da Nyu-York Kristal Saroyi.[25][26] 1855-1862 yillarda Steinway pianinolari 35 ta oltin medal olishdi.[24][27] Keyinchalik ko'proq mukofotlar va e'tiroflar,[28] uchta medal, shu jumladan 1867 yildagi xalqaro ko'rgazma Parijda.[29] The Evropa kompaniyaning bir qismi a tayinlash uchun qirollik buyrug'i ga Qirolicha Yelizaveta II.[30][31] Steinway & Sons nomi berilgan Yilning eng yaxshi kompaniyasi 1996 yilda Musiqa savdolari jurnal. Ushbu mukofot Steinway-ning "umumiy ishlashi, sifati, qo'shimcha qiymatga ega mahsulotlar, yaxshi ishlab chiqilgan reklama dasturi va butun musiqa sanoatida eng ta'sirchan natijalarni bergan intizomli tarqatish" ni hisobga olgan holda berildi.[32]

Steinway pianino plyonkasidan tashqari, Steinway ikkinchi darajali brendlar ostida sotiladigan yana ikkita arzonroq pianino brendlarini sotmoqda. Boston va Esseks. Boston brendi o'rta darajadagi bozorga, Essex brendi esa birinchi darajadagi bozorga mo'ljallangan. Boston va Essex pianinolari Steinway muhandislari tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va ishlab chiqarilgan Osiyo Steinway ishchilari nazorati ostida pianino ishlab chiqaruvchilarning boshqa fabrikalarida ehtiyot qismlar, ishlab chiqarish va ishchi kuchining past narxidan foydalanish.[33][34]

Tarix

Poydevor va o'sish

Zarbxona Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg

Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg birinchi bo'lib 1820-yillarda o'z uyidan pianino ijro etgan Ko'rilgan, Germaniya.[35] U ostida pianinolar yasagan Shtaynveg to 1850 yilda rafiqasi va to'qqiz farzandining ettitasi bilan Germaniyadan Amerikaga hijrat qilganiga qadar.[36] Katta o'g'il, C. F. Teodor Shtaynveg Germaniyada qoldi va Steinweg pianino brendini yaratishda davom etdi va 1856-1865 yillarda fortepiano sotuvchisi Fridrix Grotrian bilan hamkorlik qildi.[37]

1853 yilda Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg Steinway & Sons-ga asos solgan. Uning Amerikadagi birinchi ustaxonasi Nyu-York shahridagi Manxetten tumanidagi Varik ko'chasi, 85-uyning orqasida joylashgan kichik loftda edi.[38] Steinway & Sons tomonidan tayyorlangan birinchi pianinoga 483 raqami berilgan, chunki Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg Germaniyada 482 pianino qurgan. 483 raqami Nyu-Yorkdagi oilaga 500 dollarga sotilgan va hozirda Germaniyaning Städtisches Museum Seesen muzeyida namoyish etilmoqda. Ko'rilgan,[39][40] Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynveg o'z faoliyatini pianino ishlab chiqaruvchisi sifatida boshlagan shahar.[41] Bir yil o'tgach, talab shunday bo'ldiki, kompaniya Walker ko'chasidagi 82-88-uydagi katta binolarga ko'chib o'tdi. Faqat 1864 yilga kelib, oila ularning ismini g'azablantirdi Shtaynveg ga Steynvey.[42]

1860-yillarga kelib, Steinway Park Avenue-da 52 va 53 ko'chalar o'rtasida yangi zavod qurdi (hozirgi joy Diagramma binosi ) u butun blokni qamrab olgan joyda. 350 kishidan iborat ishchi kuchi bilan ishlab chiqarish yiliga 500 dan qariyb 1800 pianinoga o'sdi. Xodimlar asosan nemis muhojirlari edi va kompaniyaning rasmiy tili nemis tili edi.[43] Pianinolarning o'zlari Steinway fabrikasida va sanoatning boshqa joylarida yangi paydo bo'lgan muhandislik va ilmiy izlanishlar, shu jumladan akustika tushunchalari asosida amalga oshirilgan yangiliklar orqali ko'plab yaxshilanishlarni boshladilar.[44] Kompaniyaning 139 patentlangan ixtirosining deyarli yarmi Steynvey oilasining birinchi va ikkinchi avlodlari tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Steynveyning pianinolari Nyu-York shahridagi ko'rgazmalarda sovrinli o'rinlarni egalladi,[25] London,[27] va Parij.[29] 1862 yilga kelib, Steinway pianinolari 35 dan oshiqni oldi medallar.[24][28] Steynveyning dastlabki obro'sining bir qismi savdo yarmarkalaridagi muvaffaqiyatlaridan kelib chiqqan.[45]

1865 yilda Steinway oilasi C. F. Theodor Steinwegga nemis Steinweg fabrikasini (hozirda joylashgan joyda) tark etishini so'rab xat yubordi. Braunshveyg (Brunsvik)) va akalari Genri va Charlzning kasallikdan vafot etganligi sababli oilaviy firma rahbarligini o'z zimmasiga olish uchun Nyu-York shahriga sayohat qildilar.[37] C. F. Teodor Shtaynveg itoat qildi va nemis pianino kompaniyasidagi ulushini sherigi Vilgelm Grotrianga (Fridrix Grotrianning o'g'li) va boshqa ikki ishchi Adolf Helfferich va H.G.W.ga sotdi. Shults. Nemis zavodi o'z nomini o'zgartirdi C. F. Teodor Shtaynveg ga Grotrian, Helfferich, Shults, Th. Shtaynveg Nachf. (Inglizcha: Grotrian, Helfferich, Shults, Thning vorislari. Shtaynveg), keyinchalik qisqartirilgan Grotrian-Shtaynveg.[37] Nyu-York shahrida C. F. Teodor Shtaynveg o'z ismini C. F. Teodor Shteynvey deb anglicize qildi. Keyingi 15 yillik rahbarligi davomida u Braunshvaygda uy saqlagan va Germaniya va AQSh o'rtasida tez-tez sayohat qilgan.[37]

Steinwayning Manxettendagi zavodi, 1876 yil

Taxminan 1870-80 yillarda, Uilyam Steynvey (Geynrix Engelxard Shtaynvegning o'g'li Wilhelm Steinweg tug'ilgan) professional hamjamiyatni tashkil etdi kompaniya shaharchasi Steinway Village, hozirda Kvinsning Astoriya mahallasi Nyu-York shahrida.[12] Steinway Village o'zining shaharchasi sifatida qurilgan bo'lib, o'zining quyish va arralash fabrikasi, ishchilar uchun uylar, bolalar bog'chasi, qarz berish kutubxonasi, pochta aloqasi bo'limi, ko'ngilli yong'in bo'limi va parklarni o'z ichiga olgan yangi zavodni (hozir ham ishlatilgan) o'z ichiga olgan. Steinway Village keyinchalik uning tarkibiga kirdi Long-Aylend shahri. Steynvey ko'chasi, Kvinsning Astoriya va Long-Aylend-Siti mahallalaridagi yirik ko'chalardan biri kompaniya nomi bilan atalgan.[2]

1876 ​​yilda Steinway Centennial Exposition Filadelfiyada. Raqobat asosan Steynvey o'rtasida bo'lib o'tdi, Chickering va Weber. Jurnalistning so'zlariga ko'ra Jeyms Barron Shveytsariyaning musobaqadagi ishtiroki haqidagi hisobotda kompaniya hakamlardan biriga pora berish orqali muvaffaqiyatga erisha oldi. Uilyam Steynvey ekspozitsiya tashkilotchilariga sudyaning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri maoshi berilganligini rad etdi, ammo Barron sudya pora berganini vositachi: pianinochi Frederik Boskovits aytdi.[46] Frilanser Izabel Vulfning so'zlariga ko'ra, Uilyam Seynvey o'zining kundaligida uning rahbarligi ostida kompaniyaning Nyu-York shahridagi qo'li savdo yarmarkalarida sudyalarga Seyntvay pianinolari foydasiga pora berganini tan olardi.[47] Musiqashunos Donald V. Fostlning so'zlariga ko'ra, Shteynvey savdo yarmarkalarida sudyalarga bir necha bor pora bergani haqiqatga to'g'ri kelmaydi va bitta hujjatlashtirilgan holatda Shteynvey, boshqalar qatori, pora berishda jalb qilinganmi yoki pora olishga urinib ko'rilganmi, aniq emas.[48]

Steinwayning Gamburgdagi zavodi, Germaniya, 1915 yil

Steinway pianinolarini istagan evropalik xaridorlarga murojaat qilish va Evropadan olib kelinadigan yuqori soliqlardan qochish uchun Uilyam Staynvey va C. F. Teodor Shteynvey 1880 yilda Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi bepul pianino fabrikasini tashkil etishdi.[49] Gamburgdagi Steinway fabrikasining birinchi manzili Gamburgning g'arbiy qismidagi Schanzenstraße edi, Sankt-Pauli. C. F. Teodor Shteynvey Germaniya zavodining boshlig'i bo'ldi va Uilyam Shteynvey yana Kvinsdagi zavodga qaytib ketdi. Gamburg va Kvins fabrikalari o'zlarining patentlari va texnikasi haqida juda uzoq masofaga qaramay muntazam ravishda tajriba almashishdi va ular bugun ham shunday qilishmoqda. C. F. Teodor Steynvey pianino qurilishida ko'plab yaxshilanishlarni amalga oshirgan iste'dodli ixtirochi edi.[16][50] Steynveyning patentlangan ixtirolarining taxminan uchdan bir qismi C. F. Teodor Shteynvey nomi ostida.[51] Gamburgdagi Steinway zavodi qisman laboratoriya, qisman zavod bo'lgan. Queens fabrikasida o'rnatilgan aniq kesish va burg'ulash texnikalarining ko'p qismi avval Gamburg fabrikasida sinab ko'rildi.[52] C. F. Teodor Shteynvey 1889 yilda Braunshveygda vafot etdi, u Grotrian-Shtaynveg brendiga qarshi muvaffaqiyatli raqobatlashdi - Gamburgdagi Steinway fabrikasi ham, Braunshveygdagi Grotrian-Shtaynveg zavodi ham premium nemis pianinolari bilan mashhur bo'ldi.[49]

Ayni paytda, 1880-yillarda kompaniya Nyu-York shahridagi zavod va uning ishchilari o'rtasida bir qator mehnat nizolarini boshdan kechirdi. O'sha paytda sanoatchilar tez-tez ish tashlashlarga duch kelishgan.[53][54] Bir tortishuv, 1880 yilda, Nyu-York shahridagi pianino ishchilarining butun sanoat bo'ylab lokavtiga rahbarlik qilgan. O'n yil ichidagi keyingi nizolarda kompaniya o'z ishchilariga josuslik qilish uchun detektivlarni yolladi, ularni qo'llab-quvvatlashi va kompaniya mol-mulkini himoya qilgani uchun politsiyaga pul to'ladi va ish tashlash rahbarlarini kompaniya uylaridan quvib chiqardi.[53][54]

1883 yilda venger bastakori va pianinochisi Frants Liss Steinway-ga yozgan maktubida: "... Steinway-ning yangi grandi - bu kuch, sonority, ashula sifati va mukammal harmonik effektlaridagi ulug'vor asar, hatto mening eski pianino charchagan barmoqlarimga ham zavq bag'ishlaydi. Har doim davom etayotgan muvaffaqiyat go'zal atribut bo'lib qolmoqda dunyoga taniqli Steinway & Sons firmasining ... Pianino qurish mexanizmini bilmasligim tufayli, ovozning hajmi va sifatidagi ajoyib natijani maqtay olaman. "[55]

1890 yilda Steinway birinchi bo'lib oldi qirollik orderi tomonidan berilgan Qirolicha Viktoriya.[56][57] Keyingi yil Steinway-ning homiylari quyidagilarni o'z ichiga olgan Uels shahzodasi va boshqa a'zolari monarxiya va zodagonlik.[56] Keyingi yillarda Steinway Italiya, Norvegiya, Fors, Portugaliya, Ruminiya, Rossiya, Ispaniya, Shvetsiya va Turkiya hukmdorlaridan qirollik va imperatorlik kafolatlarini oldi.[58]

Steynvey zallari

Asosiy maqola: Steinway Hall
A uchun chipta sotib olayotgan tomoshabinlar olami Charlz Dikkens da o'qish Steinway Hall Nyu-York shahrida, 1867 yil[59]

1864 yildan 1866 yilgacha, Uilyam Steynvey, Steinway-ning marketingdagi muvaffaqiyatini o'rnatganligi uchun xizmat qilgan,[60] qurilishini nazorat qildi Steinway Hall Sharqda 14-ko'cha Nyu-York shahridagi Manxettenda. Steinway Hallni qurish uchun 200 ming dollar sarflangan.[61] Uning tarkibiga Nyu-York shahridagi ikkinchi eng katta konsert zali hamda Steinway pianinolari uchun ko'rgazma zallari kiritilgan.[62] Konsert zaliga kirish uchun konsert tomoshabinlari shou-zallardan o'tishlari kerak edi, bu Steynvey pianinolarini reklama qilishning bir usuli. Sotish hajmi 1867 yilda 400 dan ortiq pianinoga oshdi.[63] Steinway Hall tezda Nyu-York shahrining eng taniqli madaniyat markazlaridan biriga aylandi,[61] uy-joy Nyu-York filarmoniyasi kelgusi 25 yilgacha Karnegi Xoll 1891 yilda ochilgan.[64]

1925 yilda Sharqiy 14-ko'chadagi Steinway Hall yopildi va G'arbda yangi Steinway Hall 57-chi ko'cha ochildi.[64] 2013 yilda Steinway West 57th Street-dagi Steinway Hall-ni 46 million dollarga sotdi va 2014 yil oxirida binodan chiqib ketdi.[65] 2016 yilda yangi Steinway Hall ochildi Oltinchi avenyu.[66]

1875 yilda Londonda ikkinchi Steinway Hall ochildi.[49] U birinchi bo'lib joylashgan edi Uigmor ko'chasi, 1924 yilda u Sent-Jorj ko'chasiga ko'chib o'tdi va keyinchalik hozirgi manziliga ko'chib o'tdi Marylebone Ip.[67]

Kengayish

The oq uy Steinway[68] 1938 yildan badiiy pianino Kirish zali

1857 yilda Steinway rassomlar tomonidan yaratilgan badiiy pianinolar qatorini yaratishni boshladi.[69][70] 1903 yilda 100000-chi Steynvay fortepiano fortepianoga sovg'a qilindi oq uy;[71] u rassom tomonidan bezatilgan Tomas Uilmer Deving.[72] 10000-chi Steinway pianino o'rnini 1938 yilda 300000-chi,[68][73] Oq uyda foydalanishda qolmoqda.[71][74] Pianino odatda Oq uyning eng katta xonasida joylashgan Sharqiy xona.[75]

Xarold Bauer o'ynash Sent-San ' G minorada joylashgan 2-sonli fortepiano kontserti, Op. 22, 3-harakatning parchasi. Duo-Art 1920 yildagi XR 6'2 "Duo-Art Art Steinway fortepiano modelida ijro etilgan 5973-4 yozuvlari.

Keyinchalik, Steinway ishlab chiqarishni diversifikatsiya qildi pianinochilar. Kabi bir nechta tizimlar Uelte-Minyon, Duo-Art va Ampiko kiritilgan.[76] 1920-yillarda Steinway yiliga 6000 tagacha pianino sotgan. 1929 yilda Steinway bitta er-xotin barpo etdiklaviatura fortepiano. Unda 164 kalitlar va 4 pedallar. (2005 yilda Steinway ushbu asbobni yangilagan).[77]

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida, Kvinsdagi Steinway zavodi Ittifoqdosh armiyalardan dushman saflari orqasida qo'shinlarni etkazib berish uchun yog'och planerlarni qurish bo'yicha buyruq oldi. Steinway bir nechta oddiy pianinolarni yaratishi mumkin edi, ammo 2436 ta maxsus modellarini bunyod etdi G'alaba vertikal yoki G.I. Pianino. Bu to'rt kishini ko'tarib, zaytun rangini, kulrang yoki ko'k ranglarni bo'yab, kemalarda olib yurish yoki samolyotdan parashyut bilan tashlab, askarlarga musiqa qo'shish uchun mo'ljallangan kichkina pianino edi.[78]

Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi zavod Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida juda kam pianino sotishi mumkin edi. Zavoddan yiliga yuzdan ortiq pianino ketmaydi. Urushning keyingi yillarida kompaniyaga barcha ishlab chiqarilgan va quritilgan yog'ochlardan urush uchun ishlab chiqarilgan daraxtzorlardan voz kechishga buyruq berildi. Gamburg ustidan havo hujumida, ittifoqchilarning bir nechta bombalari fabrikaga urilib, uni deyarli yo'q qilishdi. Urushdan keyin Steinway Gamburg zavodini Marshall rejasi.[79]

Steinway & Sons reklama 1922 yil

1960-yillarning oxirida Shteynvey qarshi kostyumlarni olib keldi Grotrian-Shtaynveg ularni ismdan foydalanishni to'xtatish uchun Shtaynveg ularning pianinolarida.[80] Steynvey 1975 yilda apellyatsiya tartibida g'olib chiqqan va raqibini faqat ismdan foydalanishga majbur qilgan Grotrian Qo'shma Shtatlarda.[81] Ish a presedent va kontseptsiyasini o'rnatdi Dastlabki foizlarning chalkashligi, unda iste'molchilar dastlab kuchli tovar obro'si tufayli o'xshash nomlangan, ammo taniqli bo'lmagan brendga jalb qilinishi mumkin.[82]

50000-chi Steinway

1988 yildagi 50000-sonli Steinway pianino

1988 yilda Steinway o'zining 500 minginchi pianinosini ijro etdi. Rassom tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Vendell qasri,[83] 832 pianinochi va 90 ta ansambl nomlari yozuvlarini olib yuradi Steinway rassomi 1987 yilgi ro'yxat,[84] shu jumladan Van Kliburn, Vladimir Horovits va Billi Joel.[85]

Olti yildan so'ng kompaniya ishga tushirildi Konsert texniklari uchun C. F. Theodore Steinway Academy, shunchaki sifatida tanilgan Steinway Academy, Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi Steinway fabrikasida. U erda butun dunyo bo'ylab tajribali pianino sozlovchilari va pianino texniklari qo'shimcha malaka oshiradilar pianino sozlamalari va texnik xizmat ko'rsatish.[86] 2000 yilga kelib, Steinway o'zining 550 minginchi pianinosini ijro etdi.[87][88]

Jon Lennon Steinway-ning tik pianino kim oshdi savdosida sotildi Jorj Maykl 2000 yilda 1,67 million funt evaziga[89]

2003 yilda Steinway o'zining 150 yilligini nishonladi Karnegi Xoll tomonidan namoyish etilgan uch kunlik konsert seriyasi bilan Piter Sincotti, San'at Garfunkel, Herbi Xenkok, Ben Xeppner, Ahmad Jamol, Ramsey Lyuis, Rendi Nyuman, Rojer Uilyams, Nensi Uilson va Eroika triosi, Boshqalar orasida. Birinchi konsertda mumtoz musiqa, ikkinchisi jaz va uchinchi pop musiqalari yangradi.[90][91] 150 yillik yubiley doirasida modelyer Karl Lagerfeld yodgorlik Steinway cheklangan nashri bo'lgan fortepianoni yaratdi.[88][92]

2005 yilda Steinway Germaniyaning Gamburg shahrida o'z zavodining tashkil etilganligining 125 yilligini nishonladi. Bayramda kontsert namoyish etildi Laiszhalle tomonidan ijro etilgan Gamburgdagi konsert zali Vladimir va Vovka Ashkenazy, Lang Lang va Detlef Kraus. Ushbu kontsertga 33 mamlakatdan 1800 kishi tashrif buyurdi.[93][94] Bayram doirasida 125 yillik yubiley "Steinway" cheklangan nashri tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan fortepiano Graf Albrecht von Gyertz.[95]

2008 yil 18 sentyabrda vafotigacha, 93 yoshida, Genri Z. Steynvey, Steinway asoschisining nabirasi, hali ham Steinway-da ishlagan va o'z imzosini buyurtma asosida ishlab chiqarilgan cheklangan pianinolarga qo'ygan. Bir necha ommaviy tadbirlarda Genri Z. Shteynvey Steynvey oilasini vakili bo'lgan.[96] U 1937 yilda uni tugatgandan so'ng kompaniyada ish boshladi Garvard universiteti. U 1956 yildan 1977 yilgacha kompaniyaning prezidenti bo'lgan va Steinwayning prezidenti bo'lgan Steynvey oilasining so'nggi a'zosi bo'lgan.[97]

Mulk huquqining o'zgarishi

1972 yilda, uzoq davom etgan ish tashlashdan, uzoq davom etgan moliyaviy kurashdan, katta yuridik xarajatlardan va Steynvey oilasining ayrim a'zolari orasida ishbilarmonlik etishmasligidan so'ng, firma sotildi CBS.[98] O'sha paytda CBS ko'ngilochar sanoatining ko'plab korxonalariga, shu jumladan elektro gitara va kuchaytirgich ishlab chiqaruvchisiga ega edi Qo'rqinchli, baraban ishlab chiqaruvchisi Rojers, elektr mexanik pianino ishlab chiqaruvchisi Rodos va beysbol jamoasi Nyu-York Yanki. CBS-da musiqiy asar yaratish rejalari bor edi konglomerat musiqani har qanday shaklda va barcha savdo shoxobchalari orqali, shu jumladan yozuvlar, radio, televizor va musiqa asboblarini yaratgan va sotgan.[99] Ushbu yangi konglomerat, shubhasiz, CBS kutganidek muvaffaqiyatli bo'lmagan va Steynvey 1985 yilda klassik va cherkov organlari ishlab chiqaruvchisi bilan birga sotilgan Rodjers nay va pikkolo ishlab chiqaruvchisi Gemeinhardt, Boston mintaqasidagi sarmoyadorlar guruhiga.[99][100] Steinwayni sotib olish uchun investorlar Steinway Musical Properties musiqiy konglomeratiga asos solishdi.[101] 1995 yilda Steinway Musical Properties kompaniyasi tomonidan sotib olingan Selmer Industries musiqiy konglomeratni shakllantirish Steinway musiqiy asboblari.[102]

2013 yil iyun oyida xususiy kapital firmasi Kohlberg & Company Steinway bosh kompaniyasini sotib olishni taklif qildi Steinway musiqiy asboblari 438 million dollarga.[103] Ikki oydan keyin to'siq fondi Paulson & Co. Inc. kompaniyani xususiy qabul qilish uchun 512 million dollarlik yuqori taklif bilan chiqdi. Steinway Musical Instruments kengashi aktsiyadorlarga buni qabul qilishni tavsiya qildi va 2013 yil sentyabr oyida Polson sotib olish tugaganligini e'lon qildi.[104][105]

Yaqin tarix

Keyin 2008 yilgi iqtisodiy tanazzul, Steinway pianino savdosi yarmiga kamaydi va kasaba uyushma xodimlarining 30 foizi 2008 yil avgustidan 2009 yil noyabrigacha Queens fabrikasida ishdan bo'shatildi.[106] 2009 yilda AQShda savdo hajmi 21 foizga kamaydi.[106] Ammo sotuvlar 2010 yilda biroz o'sishni boshladi va keyingi yil ham yaxshilanishda davom etishdi.[107][108]

2015 yilda Steinway yana qaytib ketdi pianino chaluvchi Spirio nomli pianino pleyerining raqamli pleyerini taqdim etish orqali 1920-yillarning sanoati.[109][110] Spirio pianinolaridagi texnologiya 2007 yilda avstriyalik muhandis Ueyn Shtanke tomonidan yaratilgan bo'lib, u ilgari boshqa pianino kompaniyalari uchun raqamli pleyer tizimlarini yaratgan. Yamaha va Bösendorfer.[111] Dastlab Ueyn Stannening texnologiyasi deb nomlangan Jonli ishlash modeli LX, 2014 yilda Steinway-ga sotilgan va qayta nomlangan Spirio.[109][112] Boshqa brendlarning pianino pianinolaridan farqli o'laroq, Steinway Spirio-da yozib olish imkoniyati mavjud emas.[113] 2018 yilda "Spirio" nomi bilan tanilgan Steinway Spirio pianinolarida ovoz yozish imkoniyati paydo bo'ldi r.

2015 yilda Steinway o'zining 600 minginchi pianinosini ijro etdi. Pianino tarkibida Fibonachchi spiral va Macassar ebony qoplama. Pianinoni tayyorlash uchun 4 yil davomida 6000 soat ish ketdi. Uning narxi 2,4 million dollarga baholangan.[114][115]

2019 yil boshidan boshlab, Paulson & Co., Steinway & Sons. Ning bosh ota-onasi bo'lib, bosh ofisi Amerikaning 1251 avenyu, Nyu-York, NY 10020.

Modellar

Steinway pianinolari butun dunyo bo'ylab 300 atrofida ko'rgazma zallarida ishlaydigan 200ga yaqin Steinway dilerlari tomonidan sotiladi.[5]

Grandlar va tik tikanlar

Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi Steinway fabrikasida ishlab chiqarilgan D-274 rusumli Steinway & Sons konserti pianino

Steinway quyidagi modellarni yaratadi katta pianinolar va tik pianinolar:

Gamburgdagi Steinway fabrikasi fortepianoning ettita va tik turgan pianinoning ikkita modelini tayyorlaydi. (Model belgilarining sonli qismi katta pianino uzunligini va tik pianino balandligini ifodalaydi santimetr ).

  • Katta pianinolar: S-155, M-170, O-180, A-188, B-211, C-227, D-274[116]
  • Tik pianinolar: V-125, K-132[116]

Keyndagi Steinway fabrikasi fortepianoning oltita va vertikal fortepianoning ikkita modelini ishlab chiqaradi.

  • Katta pianinolar: S (5'1 "), M (5'7"), O (5 ')10 3⁄4"), A (6'2"), B (6'11 "), D. (8'​11 3⁄4")[117]
  • Vertikal pianinolar: № 1098 eskizdagi P-45 yoki № 45-10 eskiz (46 1⁄2"), K-52 (52")[118]

Maxsus dizaynlar

Steinway art pianino tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Ser Lourens Alma-Tadema san'at muzeyida namoyish etiladi Klark san'at instituti

Kabi dizaynerlar va rassomlar Karl Lagerfeld,[88][92] Dakota Jekson, Uolter Dorvin Teag, Artur Blekmor, Jozef Burr Tiffani, Louis Comfort Tiffany,[119][120] Ser Lourens Alma-Tadema,[121] Jorj Shastey, va Birodarlar Herter Steinway pianinolari uchun o'ziga xos dizaynlarni yaratdilar. Ushbu maxsus mo'ljallangan pianinolar badiiy pianino chizig'i yoki cheklangan miqdordagi pianino chizig'iga kiradi.[14]

Steinway 1857 yilda badiiy kassa pianinolarini yaratishni boshladi va pianino badiiy plyonkalarini tayyorlash 19-asrning oxirlarida eng yuqori cho'qqisiga chiqdi. Bugungi kunda Steinway nafaqat kamdan-kam hollarda art-case pianinolarini quradi. Art pianinolari noyobdir, chunki Steynvey har bittasidan bittasini quradi. Steinway-ning eng taniqli badiiy pianinolari - bu Alma-Tadema fortepiano 1887 yildan, 1903 yildagi 10000inchi Steinway pianino, 1938 yildagi 300000th Steinway pianino va Uyg'unlik ovozi 2008 yildan Alma-Tadema fortepiano ser Lourens Alma-Tadema tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va Londonda namoyish etilganda jamoatchilik tomonidan katta e'tirofga sazovor bo'lgan.[122] Pianino yasalgan qora daraxt bilan bezatilgan fil suyagi va marvaridning onasi, kassa, qopqoq va oyoqlari bilan o'yilgan va ichki qopqog'ida rassom tomonidan bo'yalgan Edvard Poynter. Uni moliyachi sotib olgan Genri Gurdon Markand uning Nyu-York shahridagi qasri uchun.[123] 1997 yilda u sotilgan Christie's auktsion uyida sotilgan pianino uchun rekord o'rnatgan holda, Londondagi auktsion uyi 1,2 million dollarga.[124] Hozir u san'at muzeyida namoyish etilmoqda Klark san'at instituti.[122] 100.000th Steinway pianino sovg'a sifatida sovg'a qilindi oq uy 1903 yilda va qilingan gilos daraxti bilan oltin barg. U bilan bezatilgan gerblar tomonidan bo'yalgan Amerikaning o'n uchta asl shtatlaridan Tomas Deving to'qqizni ifodalovchi raqs raqamlari bilan Muslar. 100000inchi Steinway pianino o'rnini 1938 yilda 300000th Steinway pianino egalladi. The oltin zarhallangan 300000inchi pianino maun oyoqlari o'yilgan burgutlar va haykaltarosh tomonidan shakllantiriladi Albert Styuart.[68] Pianino Oq uyda ishlatishda qolmoqda.[71][74] The Uyg'unlik ovozi xitoylik rassom Shi Tsining badiiy asarini takrorlaydigan qopqog'ini ham o'z ichiga olgan 40 xil o'rmonlarning inleylari bilan bezatilgan.[125] Taxminan to'rt yil davom etdi[126] fortepianoni qurish uchun va uning narxi 1,2 million evroga baholangan.[125] Da foydalanish uchun pianino tanlangan Expo 2010 Shanxay Xitoy.[126]

Cheklangan pianino misollari Steinway Limited Edition Karl Lagerfeld tomonidan 2003 yilda Steinway kompaniyasining 150 yilligini nishonlash uchun yaratilgan,[88][92] va 125 yillik yubiley pianino tomonidan Graf Albrecht von Gyertz 2005 yilda Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi Steinway fabrikasi tashkil etilganligining 125 yilligini nishonlash uchun mo'ljallangan.[95]

1993 yilda Steinway maxsus mo'ljallangan pianinolarning yangi qatorini taqdim etdi Steinway Crown zargarlik buyumlari to'plami.[127] To'plam Steynveyning an'anaviy dizaynidagi katta va tik pianinolardan iborat, ammo an'anaviy qora tanli pianino o'rniga pianinolar Steinway Crown zargarlik buyumlari to'plami dunyodagi noyob o'rmonlarning qoplamalaridan qilingan.[128] To'plamda mavjud yog'ochdan yasalgan qoplamalar kabi Macassar ebony, Sharqiy Hindistonning gul daraxti va kewazinga bubinga.[127]

Brendlar

Bostondagi fortepiano

Ga qo'shimcha ravishda Steinway & Sons brendi, Steinway yana ikkita brendni sotadi: Boston o'rta darajadagi bozor uchun va Esseks kirish darajasidagi bozor uchun. Boston va Essex pianinolari arzonroq komponentlar va ishchi kuchi yordamida tayyorlanadi. Steinway-ga tegishli dizaynlashtirilgan ushbu ikkita brendning pianinolari Osiyoda etkazib beruvchilar tomonidan ishlab chiqariladi.[33][34] Steinway faqatgina vakolatli Steinway dilerlariga yangi Boston va Essex pianinolarini olib yurishga ruxsat beradi.[129]

  • Boston: umumiy o'rta pianino bozori uchun Steinway brendiga qaraganda arzonroq narxlarda ishlab chiqarilgan. Boston pianinolari ishlab chiqarilgan Kavay pianino zavodi Hamamatsu, Yaponiya. Bostondagi beshta pianino va Boston vertikal pianinolarning uch o'lchamlari turli xil ko'rinishda mavjud. Katta fortepiano modellari - GP-156 PE, GP-163 PE, GP-178 PE, GP-193 PE va GP-215 PE. Pianino tik modellari UP-118 PE, UP-126 PE va UP-132 PE. Boston pianinolari Steinway pianinolarining ba'zi xususiyatlarini o'z ichiga oladi, masalan, dumaloq dizayni (Steinway pianino modellarining o'ziga xos xususiyati A-188, B-211, C-227 va D-274), natijada katta tovush taxtasi solishtirish mumkin bo'lgan o'lchamdagi an'anaviy shakldagi pianinolardan, chinorning ichki chetidan va Staynveyning patentlangan Octagrip pinblockidan ko'ra ko'proq maydon.[33]
  • Esseks: kirish bozorida ishlab chiqarilgan va Steinway va Boston pianinolaridan pastroq narxga ega. 2005 yildan beri Essex pianinolari ishlab chiqarilmoqda Pearl River pianino zavodi Guanchjou, Xitoy. 2005 yilgacha ular tomonidan qilingan Yosh Chang Koreyada. Ikkita o'lchamdagi Essex grand pianinolari va to'rtta Essex vertikal pianinolari turli xil bezak va mebel dizaynlarida mavjud. Katta pianino modellari - EGP-155 va EGP-173. Pianino tik modellari EUP-108, EUP-111, EUP-116 va EUP-123. Boston pianinolari singari, Essex pianinolari ham Steinway pianinolarining ba'zi xususiyatlarini o'zida mujassam etgan: kengroq quyruq dizayni, rozet shaklidagi bolg'a flanjli Steinway geometriyasi bilan butun yog'ochli harakatlar va metall biriktirgichlar bilan mustahkamlangan bolg'alar.[34]

Pianino banki

Steynvey butun dunyo bo'ylab "pianino banki" ni yuritadi, undan pianinochilar, ayniqsa Steinway Artists, ma'lum bir kontsertda, yozuvda yoki gastrolda foydalanish uchun Steinway pianinosini tanlashi mumkin.[130] Ushbu g'oya pianinochilarning individual teginish va tonal parametrlarini bajarish uchun turli xil xususiyatlarga ega Steinway pianinolarining izchil havzasini taqdim etishdan iborat. Ijrochi rassomlar "fortepiano banki" ning ba'zi pianinolarini sinab ko'rgandan so'ng, ma'lum bir joyda foydalanish uchun pianinoni tanlaydilar. Bu turli xil teginish va tonna xususiyatlariga ega bo'lgan Steinway pianinolarining ijrochilar uchun tanlanishi uchun imkon beradi.[130] Steynvey ijrochi tanlagan pianinoni tayyorlash, sozlash va belgilangan konsert zaliga yoki ovoz yozish studiyasiga etkazib berish uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga oladi. Ushbu xizmatlarning narxini ijrochi o'z zimmasiga oladi.[12][131]

"Pianino banki" 2019 yilda umumiy qiymati 12,5 million dollarga baholangan taxminan 250 ta Steinway pianinolaridan iborat.[132]

Ishlab chiqarish

Germaniya va Amerika fabrikalari

Xelen Grimaud Gamburgda ishlab chiqarilgan Steinway royalida
Bryus Xornbi Nyu-Yorkda ishlab chiqarilgan Steinway royalida

O'tmishdagi ba'zi pianistlar va bugungi kunda ba'zi pianinochilar Steinway pianinolariga Gamburgdagi Shteynveyning fabrikasida yoki Kvinsdagi Seyntveyning fabrikasida ustunlik berishgan.[52] Emanuel Axe, pianinochi va fortepiano o'qituvchisi Juilliard maktabi,[133] "... farqlar, ular ishlab chiqarilgan joydan ko'ra, alohida asboblar bilan ko'proq bog'liqdir", deb aytgan.[52] Larri Fayn, Amerikalik pianino texnikasi va muallifi Pianino kitobi, Gamburg Steinway pianinolarini Queens Steinway pianinolaridan yuqori sifatli deb hisoblaydi.[134] 2010 yilda Queens shtatidagi Steinway fabrikasi Queens Steinway pianino sifatini oshirish uchun ishlab chiqarish jarayonlari va materiallarida ba'zi o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirdi. Larri Fayn Steinway rasmiylari tomonidan ishlab chiqarishdagi ba'zi o'zgarishlarni ko'rish uchun Kvins fabrikasiga sayohat qilish uchun taklif qilingan. Yaxshi uning yozgan Akustik va raqamli pianino xaridor O'zgarishlar Queens Steinway pianino sifatini yaxshilaganligi haqida 2011 yil bahorida,[135] ammo Gamburg Steinway pianinolari hali ham Queens Steinway pianinolaridan yuqori sifatga ega.[136]

Steinway pianino bozori ikkita savdo maydoniga bo'lingan: Shimoliy va Janubiy Amerikani etkazib beradigan Queens Steinway zavodi va butun dunyoni ta'minlaydigan Gamburg Steinway zavodi.[7][13] Dunyo bo'ylab barcha asosiy Steinway ko'rgazma zallarida mijozlar har qanday fabrikadan pianino buyurtma qilishlari mumkin. Gamburg va Kvins fabrikalari ehtiyot qismlar va hunarmandchilikni almashadilar va ikkala zavod uchun Steinway qismlari bir xil joylardan keladi: Kanadalik chinor jant uchun ishlatiladi va tovush plitalari dan qilingan Sitka archa dan Alyaska. Ikkala fabrikada ham diafragma plyonkalari uchun o'xshash toj parametrlari qo'llaniladi. Sifatni saqlab qolish uchun Steinway ba'zi etkazib beruvchilarni sotib oldi. Steinway Vuppertalda Germaniyaning Kluge ishlab chiqaruvchisini klaviaturalar bilan ta'minlaydigan 1998 yil dekabrida sotib oldi va 1999 yil noyabrda uni etkazib beradigan kompaniyani sotib oldi quyma temir plitalari, Ogayo shtatining Springfilddagi O. S. Kelly Co.[137]

Dunyoning aksariyat konsert zallarida kamida bitta Steinway pianino,[138] va ba'zilari (masalan Karnegi Xoll ) Gamburg fabrikasidan ham, Queens fabrikasidan ham ko'proq imtiyozlarni qondirish uchun D-274 rusumli modellarga ega.[139]

Komponentlar

Shuningdek qarang: § patentlangan ixtirolar
Tashqi video
video belgisi The New York Times: Qaerda tayyorlanadi: Steinway fortepiano, 360 daraja video Germaniyaning Gamburg shahridagi fabrikada Steinway pianinolarini tayyorlash, 2017 yil 15 noyabr
Steinway fortepianosining ichki qismi, chekkasi, plastinka, tovush taxtasi, ko'priklar, kalitlar va torlar

Har bir Steinway fortepianosi 12000 dan ortiq alohida qismlardan iborat.[140] Steinway pianino qo'lda ishlangan[141] va qurish uchun bir yilga yaqin vaqt ketadi.[142]

Steinway Gamburg fabrikasida ham, Queens fabrikasida ham o'zining yog'och maydonchalarini saqlaydi, to'qqiz oydan besh yilgacha yog'ochning qarishi va qurishi. 50 foizdan kamrog'i Steinway pianinolarini tayyorlashda ishlatiladi. 70 foizdan ko'prog'i yong'oq zaxira tashlanadi. O'rmonlar kerak bo'lganda emas, balki mavjud bo'lganda sotib olinadi.[143]

Jant

Gamburgda ishlab chiqarilgan Steinway pianinolarining qirrasi qattiq tosh chinor va maunli qatlamlardan iborat va Queens tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Steinway pianinolarining chekkalari faqat qattiq tosh chinor qatlamlaridan iborat.[52] Qatlamlar yopishtirilib, bir ishda bitta qismga birlashtirilib, bu jantni eguvchi presslar yordamida amalga oshiriladi C. F. Teodor Shteynvey 1880 yilda ixtiro qilingan. Jantni bukish jarayonidan so'ng, jingalak stressdan dam olish kerak. Yog'och namligini taxminan olti foizga kamaytirish uchun u bir oy yoki undan ko'proq vaqt davomida konditsioner xonasida joylashtiriladi.[143]

Plitalar

Steinway pianino ichida a quyma temir plitasi qo'llab-quvvatlovchi quvvatni ta'minlaydi mag'lubiyat kuchlanish 16 tonnadan 23 tonnagacha.[144] Dazmol plitasi tovush taxtasi ustiga o'rnatilgan va shunday bronza qilingan, lak bilan ishlangan, jilolangan va Steinway logotipi bilan bezatilgan. Steinway o'zining quyish sexida plitalar ishlab chiqaradi.[145]

Soundboard va ko'priklar

Steinway buni qiladi tovush taxtasi qattiqdan archa,[146] bu tovush paneli tovushni uzatishi va kuchaytirishi uchun imkon beradi.[147] Steinway pianinolaridagi tovush paneli Steinwayning diafragma dizayni bilan ikki marta tojlangan. 1936 yilda patent berilgan diafragma tovush paneli,[148] markazdan qirralarga qadar qalinlikda joylashgan bo'lib, bu ko'proq erkin harakatlanishni ta'minlaydi, natijada yanada boy va uzoqroq tonal javob beradi.[149]

Steynvey ko'priklar vertikal ravishda laminatlangan qattiq tosh chinorlardan qattiq tosh chinor qopqog'i bilan yasalgan. Ko'priklar har bir pianino uchun balandlikning aniq talablari uchun o'lchanadi va qo'l bilan kesilgan.[150]

Kalitlar va harakatlar

Kalitlar Steinway fortepyanosining

Steynvey kalitlar Bavariya archalaridan qilingan.[151] Oq tugmachalarning yuzasi yasalgan polimer; ilgari ular fildan yasalgan edi fil suyagi. Taxminan 1950-yillarda Steinway fil suyagidan foydalanishni to'xtatdi,[152] Va bir necha yil o'tgach, fil suyagidan fortepiano kalitlari uchun foydalanish taqiqlandi.[153] Amaliy qismlar Steinwayning quvurli metall ramkasiga o'rnatiladi. Steinway bolg'alari kesilgan bokira jun his qildim, tarkibida boshqa materiallar aralashmasi yo'q.[150]

1962 yilda Queens Steinway fabrikasi o'zining pianinolari uchun Permafree aksiyasini taqdim etdi Teflon mato burmalari o'rniga qismlar. Teflon matodan ko'ra aşınmaya va namlik o'zgarishiga qarshi turishi kerak edi. Teflon burmalari, asosan ob-havoning o'zgarishi paytida kutilmagan muammolarga olib keldi; ular 1983 yilda to'xtatilgan. Gamburg Steinway zavodi hech qachon teflon burmalarini pianinolarida ishlatmagan.[154]

Iplar va pinblock

Pianinolarda po'lat bor torlar mis bilan o'ralgan po'latdan yasalgan bosh torlari bilan o'rta va uchburchakda. Iplar bir tekis joylashgan bo'lib, uning uchi atrofida o'ralgan sozlash pinlar, ular o'z navbatida a-ga kiritilgan laminatlangan pinblock yoki Wrongplank deb nomlangan yog'och blok. Tozalash pimlari torlarni mahkam ushlab turadi va ishqalanish natijasida ushlab turiladi. Steinway shuningdek old va orqa dupleks tarozilarni ishlatadi, bunda ipning asosiy tebranish qismi ipning joyida mahkamlangan ikkita uchida ancha kichik tebranish bilan kuchaytiriladi. Steinway nemis fizikining do'sti edi Hermann fon Helmholts,[155] va bu do'stlik 1872 yilda old va orqa alikotlarni ishlab chiqishda va Steynveyda patentning paydo bo'lishiga olib keldi, bu esa iplarning an'anaviy ravishda o'lik qismlarini hamdardlik bilan tebranish asosiy ip bilan. Natijada to'liqroq, murakkabroq tovush paydo bo'ladi.[156][157][158]

Steinways-da Wrestplank nomi bilan ham tanilgan pinblok, donning ishlashiga 45 ° burchak ostida o'rnatiladigan, bir-biriga yopishtirilgan qattiq to'qima bo'lgan ettita qatlamdan yasalgan. Bu pianinoni uzoqroq ohangda saqlashga mo'ljallangan.[159]

Filiallar

Steinway Artists

Sergey Raxmaninoff[160] Steinway royalida
Kit Jarret[161] Steinway royalida ijro etish
Lang Lang[162][163] Steinway royalining yonida

Pianinochilarga o'z pianinolarini taqdim etgan boshqa pianino ustalaridan farqli o'laroq, Uilyam Steynvey rus pianistachisi bilan shug'ullangan Anton Rubinshteyn 1872 yildan 1873 yilgacha Rubinshteynning Amerikadagi birinchi va yagona kontsert safari davomida 239 kun ichida 215 kontsert bilan Steinway pianinolarida o'ynash.[164] Bu Rubinshteyn uchun ham, Shteynvey uchun ham muvaffaqiyat edi.[165] Shunday qilib, Steinway Artist dasturi tug'ildi.[166] Keyinchalik polshalik pianinochi Ignacy Jan Paderewski 117 kun ichida Steinway pianinolarida 107 kontsert o'ynab Amerikani aylanib chiqdi.[167]

2017 yil may oyidan boshlab, dunyo bo'ylab 1800 ga yaqin pianistlar rasmiydir Steinway Artists,[168] bu shuni anglatadiki, ular faqat Steinway pianinolarida ijro qilishni tanladilar va ularning har biri Steinway-ga ega.[169] Buning uchun hech kimga pul to'lamaydi.[14][170] Steinway Artists turli janrlarda: mumtoz, jazz, pop va rok. Steinway Artists-ning bir nechta namunalari Daniel Barenboim, Garri Konnik, kichik, Billi Joel, Evgeniy Kissin, Diana Krall, Lang Lang,[163][171][172] va Roland Maksvell Yang va uning oilasi. Ning ba'zi bir misollari Immortal Steinway rassomlari bor Irving Berlin, Benjamin Britten, Jorj Gersvin, Vladimir Horovits, Koul Porter va Sergey Raxmaninoff.[163][172][173]

Steinway, Steinway Artists-dan Steinway pianinolarida mavjud bo'lgan joyda va tegishli sharoitda ijro etishlarini kutmoqda.[174] Artur Shnabel bir marta shikoyat qildi: "Shteynvey pianinolarimdan foydalanishga ruxsat bermadi [ya'ni Steinway pianinolari], agar men pianino o'ynashdan voz kechmasam Bechshteyn Evropada ko'p yillar davomida ishlatgan pianino. Ular meni dunyoning hamma joylarida, faqat Steynveyda o'ynashimni talab qilishdi, aks holda ular menga AQShda o'zlarining pianinolarini berishmaydi. 1923 yildan 1930 yilgacha Amerikaga qaytib kelmaganimning sababi shu. ... [in] 1933, Steinway changed their attitude and agreed to let me use their pianos in the United States, even if I continued elsewhere to play the Bechstein piano ... Thus, from 1933 on, I went every year to America."[175] In 1972, Steinway responded to Garrik Ohlsson bu bayonot Bösendorfer was "the Rolls-Roys of pianos" by trucking away the Steinway-owned grand piano that Ohlsson was about to give a recital on at Elis Tulli Xoll Nyu-York shahrida. Ohlsson ended up performing on a Bösendorfer piano borrowed at the eleventh hour, and Steinway would not let him borrow Steinway-owned pianos for some time. Ohlsson has since made peace with Steinway.[174] Angela Hewitt was removed from the Steinway Artist roster around 2002 after she purchased and performed on a Fazioli pianino.[174] After the Canadian pianist Lui Lorti was removed from the Steinway Artist roster in 2003,[176] he complained in a newspaper article that Steinway is trying to establish a monopoly on the concert world by becoming "the Microsoft of pianos."[174] A Steinway spokesman said, in response to Lortie's decision to perform a concert on a Fazioli piano, that Steinway does not want anyone on the Steinway Artist roster who does not want to play the Steinway exclusively.[174]

According to musicologist Stuart de Ocampo, "That Steinway aggressively sought out and paid (in various forms) for artist endorsements must be stressed in order to combat an idealistic notion that the greatest flocked to Steinway simply because it was the best." More generally, Stuart de Ocampo endorses the view of Donald W. Fostle, who wrote in a company history of Steinway that "the genius of Steinways ... ultimately lay in their ability to persuade millions of persons across decades and continents that in this realm of supreme subjectivity, individual variation, incertitude, and ever-changing conditions, there was an absolute best. The assertion, repeated often enough, took on the coloration of fact", but Stuart de Ocampo concludes that "Innovations in piano construction carved out a unique sound for the Steinway pianos in the mid-nineteenth century. Medals at fairs and international exhibitions were the basis of Steinway & Sons' early reputation."[45] Paying for pianists' endorsements back then was not specific to Steinway. As there were financial incentives for testimonials, several famous pianists had no qualms about endorsing more than one piano brand. Frants Liss endorsed Steinway, Bösendorfer, Chickering, Erard, Ibach, Mason & Risch, and Stek xuddi shu paytni o'zida.[177] Today, no pianist is paid by Steinway,[14][21] and when Steinway Artists loan pianos from Steinway for a concert or recording session the artists do have to pay Steinway for preparing, tuning, and delivering of the piano.[131] According to management academic David Liebeskind, the Steinway Artist program "... is one of the only pure product endorsements programs, as no artist is paid to play on or endorse a Steinway piano."[14]

The Steinway Artist program has been copied by other piano companies,[178] but Steinway's program is unique in that a pianist must promise to play pianos of the Steinway brand faqat to become a Steinway Artist.[170][174] The Steinway Artist designation restricts a pianist's use of pianos by other makers and implies an obligation to perform on Steinway pianos.[179]

All-Steinway Schools

Logo of All-Steinway Schools

The All-Steinway School designation is given by Steinway to educational institutions of music in which not less than 90 percent of the pianos are designed by Steinway.[180] Steinway does not offer the pianos free of charge but requires that the institutions buy them.[14] Performance venues, teaching studios, and practice rooms for piano students must be equipped with Steinway pianos. Teaching studios and practice rooms for other students may be equipped with Boston or Essex pianos; some All-Steinway Schools have chosen to have Steinway pianos in these rooms also. It is required that the pianos are kept in performance-quality condition and All-Steinway Schools must have piano technicians that participate in Steinway's technical training programs. If the pianos are not maintained in performance-quality condition, Steinway can withdraw the All-Steinway School designation.[181]

The Oberlin nomidagi musiqa konservatoriyasi in Ohio holds the longest partnership with Steinway. They have used Steinway pianos exclusively since 1877, 24 years after Steinway was founded.[182] In 2007, they obtained their 200th Steinway piano, a model D-274 manufactured at Steinway's factory in Hamburg, Germany.[183] Other examples of All-Steinway Schools are the Yel musiqa maktabi da Yel universiteti in Connecticut,[184] The Kurtis nomidagi musiqa instituti Pensilvaniyada,[185] Royal Holloway, London universiteti,[186] The Melburn universiteti VCA va MCM fakulteti Avstraliyada,[187] va Markaziy musiqa konservatoriyasi Pekinda.[184]

2007 yilda Kran musiqa maktabi in Potsdam, New York, was added to the All-Steinway School roster, receiving 141 pianos in one $3.8 million order.[188] 2009 yilda, Cincinnati universiteti - musiqa kolleji-konservatoriyasi in Ohio became designated an All-Steinway School, based on a $4.1 million order of 165 new pianos, one of the largest orders Steinway has ever processed.[189]

2017 yil noyabr oyidan boshlab, there are more than 190 All-Steinway Schools around the world.[190]

Piano competitions

Several international piano competitions use Steinway pianos. Steinway has been selected exclusively by such competitions as the Van Kliburn xalqaro fortepiano tanlovi in Fort Worth, Texas, the Gina Baxauerning xalqaro fortepiano tanlovi in Salt Lake City, Utah, the Xalqaro Johann Sebastian Bax tanlovi in Leipzig, Germany, the Qirolicha Elisabet tanlovi in Brussels, Belgium, the Ferruccio Busoni xalqaro fortepiano tanlovi in Bolzano, Italy, and the Long-Tibo-Krespin musobaqasi Parijda.[191]

Mukofotlar

"Sudden Mania to become Pianists created upon hearing Steinway's Pianos at the Paris Exposition."[29]
This lithograph by Amédée de Noé a.k.a. Cham conveys the popularity of the Steinway piano, the musicality of which had just been demonstrated by pianist Désiré Magnus da 1867 Exposition Universelle Parijda. (Harper haftaligi, August 10, 1867, reporting on the world exposition).[29][192]

The Steinway company and its leaders have won numerous awards,[24] shu jumladan:

  • 1839 yilda, Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg exhibited three pianos at the state trade exhibition in Braunschweig, Germany, and was awarded a gold medal.[193]
  • In 1855, Steinway attended the Metropolitan Mechanics Institute fair in Washington, D.C. and won 1st prize.[194][195]
  • In 1855, Steinway exhibited at the Amerika instituti ko'rgazmasi ichida New York Crystal Palace hozirda Bryant Park Nyu-York shahrida. Steinway won a gold medal. A reporter wrote the following about Steinway: "Their square pianos are characterized by the great power of tone, depth and richness in the bass, a full mellowness in the middle register and brilliant purity in the treble, making a scale perfectly equal and singularly melodious throughout its entire range. In touch, they are all that could be desired."[196]
  • From 1855 to 1862, Steinway pianos received 35 medals in the United States alone, since which time Steinway entered their pianos at international exhibitions only.[24][27]
  • In 1862, for the Xalqaro ko'rgazma in London, Steinway shipped two square pianos and two grand pianos to England (two to Liverpool and two to London) and won 1st prize.[27]
  • In 1867, Steinway won three awards at the International Exposition in Paris: the Grand Gold Medal of Honor, the Grand Annual Testimonial Medal, and honorary membership of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Art. These awards won in Europe increased the demand for Steinway pianos, thus the reason the family looked into opening a store in London. The International Exposition of 1867 established Steinway as the leading choice for pianos in Europe.[27][29]
  • In 1876, at the Centennial Exposition in the United States, Steinway received the two highest awards and a certificate of the judges showing a rating of 95.5 of a possible 96.[197]
  • In 1885, Steinway received the gold medal at the Xalqaro ixtirolar ko'rgazmasi in London and the grand gold medal of the Qirollik san'at jamiyati Londonda.[166]
  • 2007 yilda Milliy san'at medali bilan taqdirlandi Genri Z. Steynvey and presented by US President Jorj V.Bush in an East Room ceremony at the oq uy. Henry Z. Steinway received the award for "... his devotion to preserving and promoting quality craftsmanship and performance, as an arts patron and advocate for music and music education; and for continuing the fine tradition of the Steinway piano..."[198]
  • In 2014, Steinway received the Qizil nuqta product design award for the Arabesk limited edition grand piano. The jury wrote: "The design of the Arabesque impresses through elegance and individuality. It thus excellently complements the high-class product line of this renowned manufacturing house."[199]

Patented inventions

Steinway's patent No. 229,198
of June 22, 1880
Blueprint for Steinway's patent No. 229,198, a tool for bending wood[200][201]
In action at Steinway's factory in Hamburg, Germany, 2006

Steinway has been granted 139 patentlar in piano making; the first in 1857.[20] Some examples of these are:

  • Patent No. 26,532 (December 20, 1859):[200][202] The bass strings are "overstrung" above the treble strings to provide more length and better tonal quality.[203] The invention won 1st prize medal at the 1862 yilgi Xalqaro ko'rgazma Londonda.[204] Today, the invention is a standard feature of grand piano construction.[205]
  • Patent No. 126,848 (May 14, 1872):[200][202] Steinway invented the duplex scale on the principle of enabling the freely oscillating parts of the string, directly in front of and behind the segment of the string actually struck, also to resound. The outcome is a large range and fullness of overtones – one of the characteristics of the Steinway sound.[157][206]
  • Patent No. 127,383 (May 28, 1872):[200][202] In a Steinway piano, the cast iron plate rests on wooden dowels without actually touching the tovush taxtasi. It is lightly curved, creating a large hollow between the plate and the soundboard. This cavity acts as a reinforcement of the resonant properties.[207]
  • Patent No. 156,388 (October 27, 1874):[200][202] Steinway invented the middle piano pedal, called the sostenuto pedal. The sostenuto pedal gives the pianist an ability to create what is called an organ pedal point by keeping a specific note's damper, or notes' dampers, in their open position(s), allowing those strings to continue to sound while other notes can be played without continuing to resonate.[203]
  • Patent No. 170,645 (November 30, 1875):[200][202] Steinway's Regulation Action Pilot, shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan Capstan Screw, lifts the parts that drive the hammer toward the string. The Steinway device was adjustable, an advance that simplifies the chore of modifying a piano's action to a pianist's liking.[208]
  • Patent No. 233,710 (October 26, 1880):[209][210] The bridge transmits the vibration of the strings to the soundboard. In a Steinway piano, the bridge consists of vertically glued laminations; a principle that ensures that vibrations are easily developed and forwarded.[211]
  • Patent No. 314,742 (March 31, 1885):[209][210] The rim of Hamburg-made Steinway pianos consists of layers of hard rock maple and mahogany and the rim of Queens-made Steinway pianos consists of layers of hard rock maple only.[52] The layers are pressed together into one piece in one operation.[150][212]
  • Patent No. 2,051,633 (August 18, 1936):[210][213] The soundboard resembles a membrane. The special molding, gradually tapering from the center to the edge, provides great flexibility and freer vibration across the board.[149][214]
  • Patent No. 3,091,149 (May 28, 1963):[215][216] The pinblock, also known as wrestplank, is designed to keep the piano in tune longer. Steinway uses seven glued layers of hard-textured wood, set at a 45° angle to the run of the grain.[159]

Sotib olish

Sotib olish sanasiKompaniyaBiznesBaholash
millionlab USD		Adabiyotlar
2019Louis Renner GmbH[217]Piano actions, hammers and other parts?—
1999Kluge Klaviaturen GmbH[218]Piano keyboards?—
1999O.S. Kelly Co.[219]Foundry, piano plates?—

Musiqa

Steinway pianos have appeared in numerous records and concerts. Bir nechta misollarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Problems listening to these files? Qarang ommaviy axborot vositalarida yordam.

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

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