Selly Oak - Selly Oak

Selly Oak
Selly Oak High Street.jpg
Selly Oak High ko'chasining ko'rinishi (A38 Bristol yo'li) janub tomonga qarab Shimoliy maydon
Selly Oak West Midlands okrugida joylashgan
Selly Oak
Selly Oak
Ichida joylashgan joy G'arbiy Midlend
OS tarmog'iga ma'lumotnomaSP041823
Metropolitan tumani
Metropolitan grafligi
Mintaqa
MamlakatAngliya
Suveren davlatBirlashgan Qirollik
Pochta shaharchasiBIRMINGHAM
Pochta indeksiB29
Kodni terish0121
PolitsiyaG'arbiy Midlend
Yong'inG'arbiy Midlend
Tez yordamG'arbiy Midlend
Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti
Joylar ro'yxati
Buyuk Britaniya
Angliya
G'arbiy Midlend
52 ° 26′19 ″ N 1 ° 56′28 ″ V / 52.43866 ° N 1.94111 ° Vt / 52.43866; -1.94111Koordinatalar: 52 ° 26′19 ″ N 1 ° 56′28 ″ V / 52.43866 ° N 1.94111 ° Vt / 52.43866; -1.94111

Selly Oak janubi-g'arbiy qismida sanoat va turar-joy maydoni Birmingem, Angliya. Hudud o'z nomini beradi Selly Oak palatasi tarkibiga quyidagilar kiradi: Bornbruk, Selly Park va O'n gektar. Qo'shni bo'limlar Edgbaston va Harborne sobiq okrug chegarasi bo'lgan Born Brukning shimolida va janubda Vuli va Bornvil. Tuman qo'mitasi Selli Oak, Billesli, Bornvil va Brendvudning to'rtta bo'limiga xizmat qiladi. Xuddi shu bo'limlar Birmingem Selly Oak vakili bo'lgan saylov okrugi[qachon? ] tomonidan Stiv Makkeyb (Mehnat). Selly Oak, Birmingem bilan Pershore Road (A441) va Bristol Road (A38) orqali bog'langan. The Vorester va Birmingem kanali va Birmingem shaharlararo temir yo'l liniyasi Mahalliy tuman markazi bo'ylab yugurish.

2001 yilgi Aholini ro'yxatga olish natijasida Selli Oakda 25,792 kishi yashagan, ularning aholi zichligi km ga 4236 kishi.2 km ga 3649 kishi bilan solishtirganda2 Birmingem uchun. Unda aholining 15,9% etnik ozchiliklardan iborat bo'lib, umuman Birmingemda 29,6% bo'lgan. Sifatida Birmingem universiteti yaqin, bu erda talabalar ko'p. Bu ba'zi bir talabalar ovoz berish huquqiga ega emasligi, ba'zilari esa ro'yxatdan o'tmaganligi sababli saylov varaqalariga asoslangan raqamlarni buzishi mumkin.

Toponimika

Selly Oak yozgan Domesday kitobi Esceli singari.[1] Selly nomi "scelf-lei" yoki shelf-meadow variantlaridan kelib chiqqan,[2] Bu erning javonidagi yoki terasidagi yaylov erlari, ehtimol muzlik konlari paydo bo'lishi va keyinchalik tarqalishidan keyin hosil bo'lgan Harrison ko'li to'rtinchi davr davrida. Ismning yana bir manbai OE "sele" dan bino yoki zal degan ma'noni anglatadi.[3]

Tarix

Tarixdan oldingi

Bournville Lane yaqinidagi xizmat xandaqida yozilgan kichik bir chuqur, Selly Oak, Birmingemda topilgan eng qadimgi sopol buyumlarni ishlab chiqardi. Yigirma sakkizta sherd, taxminan beshta turli xil kemalarni ifodalaydi, kechiktirilgan yivli buyumlar idishlarida Neolitik sana, tiklandi. The Bronza davri Joyga darhol qo'shni bo'lgan chuqur, shuningdek, juda muhim arxeologik kashfiyot edi, chunki kuygan tepaliklardan boshqa tarixiy tuzilmalar[4] Birmingemda juda kam uchraydi.[5] Ushbu sohadagi topilmalarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Obligatsiya ko'chasidagi tosh bolta (MBM859); Bourn Bruk Brurnt Mound (MBM2484); Born Bruk Brurnt Mounds (MBM359); Kaliforniya, Burnt Mound (MBM777); Falconhurst yo'lining tikonli va tutashgan o'qi (MBM1776); King's Heath / Stirchley Bruk Perforated Implement, bolta bolg'asi (MBM1793); Mur End Farmda kuydirilgan tepalik (MBM778). Northfield Relief Road pit (MBM2455). Ridgacre Burnt Hound, Moor Farm yaqinida (MBM779); Selly Oak Flint Flake (MBM2219); Selly Park rekreatsiya zaminidan oldingi tarixiy topilmalar (MBM2002); Shenley Leyn, Northfield toshbaqa qirg'ichi (MBM1801); O'n gektarlik kuygan tepalik (MBM1584); Vicarage Farm Axe Hammer (MBM860). Weoley Park Road Neolitik Flint Scraper (MBM869).[6]

Rim

Metchley Fort v tashkil etilgan. Miloddan avvalgi 48 yil va v. Milodiy 200 yil.[7] U erda ikkita Rim yo'li uchrashgan ko'rinadi. Riknield yoki Iknield ko'chasi Berton-on-Vou-Derbi o'rtasida 1-asrning o'rtalaridan oxirigacha harbiy aloqa ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun qurilgan. U Alcester, Selly Oak, Birmingem va Satton Koldfild orqali Uolga o'tdi. Birmingemdan biroz shimolda u Perrining muhim harbiy lageridan o'tdi. Bornbrukda u Shtxli va Lifford orqali Alcesterga o'tgan Hadin Way deb nomlangan filialni tashladi. Rea daryosi bo'yidagi botqoq va botqoqlardan saqlanish uchun yo'l Birmingemning g'arbiy qismida davom etdi.[8] Ikkinchi yo'l odatda shimoldan o'tadigan Yuqori Tuz yo'li deb ataladi Droitvich kurorti Linkolnshir qirg'og'iga. Uning yo'nalishi noaniq, ammo odatda A38 chizig'iga to'g'ri keladi deb ishoniladi.[9] Droitvich va Alcesterni Quyi Tuzish yo'li bog'lab turardi. Wall ilgari Rim markazi deb nomlangan Letotsetum va shu erda Ryknield (Icknield) ko'chasi Uotling ko'chasini kesib o'tdi, hozirgi A5, Londondan shimoliy g'arbiy yo'nalishda, Vrokseterga qarab o'tdi.[10] Staffordshire Hoard bu erga yaqin joyda Rim va Angliya-Sakson davrlari yo'llari uchburchagi ichida topilgan, hammasi ham eskirmaydi.[11] Rim qoldiqlarining mumkin bo'lgan dalillari Stirkli (sobiq Stretli va Strutli) ko'chalarining joy nomlarida mavjud; Mur Street, Bartley Green-dagi Woodgate vodiysi yaqinida; va Nortfilddagi Street Farm ikkita burilish yo'llari uchrashgan.[12] Ushbu hududdagi topilmalar orqali Rim faoliyati dalillariga quyidagilar kiradi:

Allens Croft Road / Brandwood Park Road Roman tanga (MBM981); Harborne ko'prigi, Rim yo'li (MBM1639); Hazelwell Street Roman Road (MBM1902); Icknield Street, Walkers Heath, Roman Road (B12227); Lodj Xill, Gordian III tangasi: Rim (MBM1020); Longdales Road Roman Farmstead (B12342); Metchley Roman Fortts (MBM370); Northfield Relief Road sopol idishlari (MBM2421); Parsons Xill Rim okkupatsiyasi 0AD dan 299ADgacha (B1824); Raddlebarn Road Roman Coin (MBM988); Selly Oak Roman tangasi - 1-Konstantinning esdalik tangasi (MBM872); Selly Park Spindle Whorl (MBM982); 70AD yilning so'nggi choragida (MBM983) Tarrakoda zarb qilingan Vespazianning oltin aureusi Stirxli Roman tanga; Qimmatbaho qog'ozlar Yog'ochdan tashqari tuproqli ishlar (MBM1944) Tiverton Road Roman Coins - denarii (MBM2067); Weoley qal'asi Antoninianusning Roman tangasi (MBM1016); Trajendan Vudgeyt vodiysi rim tangasi (MBM1013).[6]

Angliya-Sakson va Norman

Ikkita yozuv mavjud Domesday kitobi Selly Oak (Escelie) uchun. Selly Oak uchun birinchi yozuv nonsupativ (og'zaki) irodani yozadi va odatiy tartibda emas.[13] Vulfin manorni uch umrga ijaraga olgan va yangi tayinlangan Lichfild episkopi, Robert de Limesey, irodasidan foydalanib, o'z erining yo'qolishiga qarshi chiqdi. "Vulfin bu manorni 1066 yilgacha Chester episkopi, uch erkakning hayoti uchun. U kasal bo'lib, umrining oxiriga etganida, u o'g'li Li yepiskopi (chfild?), Uning rafiqasi va ko'plab do'stlarini chaqirib: "Do'stlarim, meni tinglanglar, men xotinimning xohishini xohlayman Men cherkovdan sotib olgan bu erni u yashagan paytgacha saqlang va u vafot etganidan keyin men olgan cherkov uni qaytarib olishi kerak. Kim uni tortib olsa, chiqarib yuborilsin ». Butun okrugning eng muhim odamlari shuni guvohlik berishadi. "Birinchi yozuvlar Bartli Grin "Selly Oak" ning ustunligi yoki qaramligi sifatida, ikkinchi yozuvda "Bartley Green" mavjud emas, ammo "Selly Oak" yozuvlari ikkita manor sifatida saqlanadi. Ikkinchi yozuv shuni ko'rsatadiki, Vibert Robert tomonidan sub-ijarachi sifatida almashtirilgan bo'lib, bu qiyinchilik qisman muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkin.[14] Chester episkopi Lichfild va uning a'zolariga egalik qilgan. Bular orasida Robert tomonidan saqlanib kelingan 1891 yilgacha Staffordshirdagi Harborne ham bor.[15]

Vulfvin bir nechta manorlarga ega edi, bu uning boy va muhim, ehtimol aristokrat ekanligini ko'rsatmoqda. Darhaqiqat, u Vigodning o'g'li va Vulgeatning nabirasi, Daniyaning Uorvik grafligi Vigodning o'g'li sifatida tasvirlangan. Uning onasi Leofrik III, Merkiya Grafligi singlisi edi. Ota-onasining dano-sakson nikohi bilan unga kelgan mol-mulk juda keng bo'lganga o'xshaydi. Qirol Edvard Konfessor davrida Vulfvin (shuningdek, Alvin va Ulvin deb ham yuritiladi) sherif bo'lgan va uning o'g'li Turchil orqali Uorvik grafiga aylangan, Ardens va Brasbridjlar qadimgi sakson shohlaridan kelib chiqqan.[16]

"Domesday Book" ning maqsadlaridan biri, bosib olinganidan keyin hududlarni qayta taqsimlashda erning qonuniy egalari (sub-ijarachilari) va ustalari (baronlari) ning yozma bayonotlarini taqdim etish edi. Uilyam Fitz-Ansculf, Frantsiyadagi Pikardiya shahridan Pikinyodan baron tayinlangan. U o'z bazasini Sakson, Earl Edwin's, Dadli qasri. U va uning vorislari avvallari Vulfvinga tegishli bo'lgan Selli Oak va Birmingem manorlarining xo'jayinlari edi. Bu Uilyam Fits Ansculf vafot etgan ko'rinadi Birinchi salib yurishi. Huntingdon Genri o'zining "Ingliz xalqi tarixi" asarida shunday yozadi: "Keyin ular fevral oyining o'rtalaridan boshlab Arka qasrini deyarli uch oy qamal qildilar. Pasxa u erda nishonlandi (10 aprel). Ammo Anselm Ribemont, a juda jasur ritsar, u erda vafot etdi, tosh urdi va Uilyam Pikardiya va boshqalar. "[17] Baroniyaning vorislari orasida Paganel va Someri oilalari bor edi. 1322 yilda Jon de Someri vafot etganida baroniya uning ikki singlisi Margaret de Satton va Joan de Botetur o'rtasida taqsimlandi. Joan Boteturt Sellidagi ritsarlarning yigirma uchdan bir qismiga haq to'lagan, u Jeffrey de Selli tomonidan, shuningdek Bernakni Northemptonshirda o'tkazgan, Northfieldda esa Jon de Midlton tomonidan to'rtdan bir qismi uchun haq olgan.[18]

Domesday so'rovi paytida 1086 yilda Birmingem Uorvikshirda 3000 gektardan kam maydonga ega bo'lgan manor edi.[19] Amaldagi Birmingemning tarixiy landshaft tavsifi loyihasi umumiy maydoni 26 798 ga (66219 gektar) teng.[20] Birmingem uchta okrugning ichki qismida - Warwickshire, Staffordshire va Worcestershire-da rivojlangan. Ushbu hududning deyarli 50% i ilgari ham Staffordshirda bo'lgan[21] yoki Vorkestersher, ammo shahar kengayib borishi bilan qadimiy chegaralar o'zgartirilib, boshqariladigan hudud bitta okrug hokimiyatiga - Uorikshirga bo'ysundirildi. Saksonlarning zamonaviy Birmingem hududida joylashganligi, hozirda Birmingem konkuratsiyasining bir qismi bo'lgan "Domesday Book" da qayd etilgan Manor va Berewicks / Outliersni kiritishni talab qiladi. Bu alohida raqamlar berilmaganligi bilan murakkablashadi Harborne, Yardli va King's Norton barchasi hudud tashqarisidagi manorlarga biriktirilgan.[22] Birmingem platosida taxminan 26 ta Domesday Book manorlari bor edi, ularning soni 2000 ga yaqin, etti tegirmon va uchta ruhoniy bor edi.

O'rta asrlar

Selly Oak uchun eng qadimgi soliq ro'yxati 1276–1282 yillardagi Lechmere rulosidir. Selley (Selly Oak) va Weleye (Weoley) Northfield manoridan ajralib turar edi. Yigirma xonadon ichida eng ko'p soliq to'lagan shaxs ro'yxatga olingan Uilyam de Valens, Pembrokning birinchi grafligi Genri III ning o'gay ukasi va qirollikning eng boy odamlaridan biri bo'lgan.[23]

Papa Ro'yxatdan o'tish 1291 Northfield bilan bog'langan cherkov cherkovi bo'lganligini ko'rsatadi Dadli Priori.[24] 1327 yildagi keyingi soliqlar ro'yxatida Selly Oak va Vuli uchun yozuvlar Nordfild bilan birlashtirilgan. Bu Northfield Parish tashkil etish uchun vaqt oralig'ini taklif qiladi.[25]

20-asr va zamonaviy

2013 yil yanvar oyida olingan A38 yo'nalishi bo'ylab temir yo'l ko'prigi (kameraga eng yaqin) va kanal suv o'tkazgichidan havodan ko'rish

Ikki tornado pastga tegdi Birmingem 1981 yil 23-noyabrda rekord o'rnatgan mamlakat bo'ylab tornado epidemiyasi o'sha kuni. F1 / T2 tornado deb baholangan ikkinchi tornado mahalliy vaqt bilan soat 14:00 da Selly Oakda pastga tegib, Birmingemning janubiy chekkalarida biroz zarar etkazdi.[26]

20-asrning oxirida Bristol yo'li (A38) uchun yo'lni kengaytirish sxemasi amalga oshirildi Ko'plab tarixiy binolar, Birmingham Battery and Metal Company ofislari va Vestli Richards Qurol fabrikasi buzildi. Shu bilan birga, hududni katta darajada tiklash rejalari 2005 yilda tasdiqlangan va 2011 yil avgust oyida yangi yo'lga kirish uchun 1,5 km uzunlikdagi yangi yo'l ochilgan Qirolicha Yelizaveta kasalxonasi, Birmingem. Ushbu ish bilan shug'ullanish uchun Havodan suv o'tkazgich qurilishi amalga oshirildi Vorester va Birmingem kanali, va shaharlararo yo'nalish uchun temir yo'l viyaduk. Ushbu sxema "Batareyalar chakana savdo parki" savdo majmuasini rivojlantirishga yo'l ochdi va bir qator taniqli "High Street" do'konlari o'z do'konlarini ochdi.

Manoralar va cherkovlar

The cherkov cherkovi Selly Oak (1861) [8] qadimiyning asl chegarasini aniqlaydi manor.[27] The Kengashda buyurtma 1862-yil 7-iyun kuni bo'lib o'tgan Vindzordagi sudda chegarani quyidagicha o'rnatdi: "Vorestr okrugidagi Northfield cherkovining hamma qismi. Hozirda ushbu cherkovning amaldagi prezidenti hozirgi paytda ruhlarning o'ziga xos davosiga ega. xayoliy chiziqning shimoliy-sharqida, Xortdan olib boradigan yo'lning o'rtasigacha bo'lgan joyda, Northfield shtatining Harborne cherkovidan Harborne cherkovidan bo'linadigan chegaradan boshlanadi. Yashil, Shenley Field Farm-dan o'tib, Birmingem va Bromsgrove Turnpike yo'liga; va u erdan yuqorida janub tomonga, yuqorida aytib o'tilgan Xartning Yashilidan yuqorida aytilgan Turnpike yo'lining o'rtasigacha olib boriladigan yo'lning o'rtasiga cho'zilgan. Oq tepalikka yaqin; va shimoldan sharqqa, xuddi o'sha Turnpike yo'lining o'rtasi bo'ylab besh yuz yigirma sakkiz yard yoki undan uzoqroq masofani Teshik-Leynning shimoliy uchi o'rtasiga qarama-qarshi nuqtaga qadar uzaytirgan. ; va u erdan janubi-sharqqa, shu qatorga qadar va o'rtada, oxirgi nomlangan qatorning o'rtasiga qarama-qarshi nuqtagacha cho'zilgan; va keyin odatda shimoliy-sharqqa, xuddi shu qatorning o'rtasi bo'ylab, Gallius Brukning o'rtasida joylashgan nuqtada yuqorida aytib o'tilgan Vorestr okrugi va yeparxiyasida King's Norton cherkovidan Northfield shtatining aytilgan cherkovini ajratuvchi chegaraga qadar ". .[28]

Yilda Domesday kitobi Hozir Berchelai Bartli Grin Selly Oak-dan tashqarida bo'lganligi aniqlandi.[29] Bartley Grinning qizi cherkovining chegaralari 1838 yilda o'rnatilgan.[30] Bartley Green bilan bog'liq xatolar mavjud, ularni tuzatish kerak. VCH Uorvikshir - Birmingem shahri: "6011 gektar maydonni o'z ichiga olgan qadimgi Northfield cherkovi ham dastlab Vorstestershirda bo'lgan, uning shimoliy chegarasi Xarborne (sobiq Staffordshirda) va Edgbaston (sobiq Uorvikshirda) Born Bruk tomonidan belgilangan, Rea va Griffins Bruk tomonidan King's Norton bilan uning sharqiy chegarasining bir qismi.Lapal fuqarolik cherkoviga qo'shilgan cherkovning shimoliy-g'arbiy uchi 200 gektar maydonidan tashqari, Northfield 1911 yilda Birmingem tarkibiga kiritilgan; 1898 yildan shu paytgacha u Qirol Norton va Nortfildning shahar okrugining bir qismi edi ".[31] Birmingemga o'tkazishga kiritilmagan qism o'tkazildi Illey Lapal emas.[32] Transferning onlayn versiyasida shunday deyilgan: "Northfield cherkovi okrugning shimoliy chegarasida joylashgan, ammo Lapalga qo'shilgan Bartley Green hududidan tashqari, Northfield Birmingem tomonidan Birmingem shahrida joylashgan. Uzaytirish to'g'risidagi qonun, 1911 ".[33] Butun Bartley Grinni Birmingem tarkibiga qo'shilmaslik uchun bu bir necha bor noto'g'ri o'qilgan.

Nortfildning uchta Domesday kitobi manbai, Selli Oak va uning tashqarisidagi Bartli Grin Vorestestirda Northfield cherkovini tashkil etishdi.[34] Northfield shahridagi Domesday Book manori, keyinchalik Northfield cherkovi bilan muhim emas edi. Afsuski, ular orasida biroz chalkashliklar bo'lgan manor va cherkov. Bu Selly Oak va Bartley Gringa salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatganligi sababli, Nortfild chegaralarini aniqlash maqsadga muvofiqdir.

Domesday Book-da Nortfildda ruhoniy bo'lgan va u 1066 yilgacha 8 funtga baholangan.[35] Bu Norman fathi paytida cherkov markazi bo'lganligidan dalolat beradi. Hech qanday sub-ijarachi tayinlanmaganligi sababli, qirolning manori King's Norton (Nortune) bilan chegaradosh bo'lgan Northfield tayinlanmaganmi?

1820 yilda Northfield va Weoley manorlarini sotish qadimiy manorning chegarasini belgilaydi. "Lotlardan biri, taxminan 1200 gektar maydonni o'z ichiga olgan bir nechta tegishli fermer xo'jaliklari joylashgan Northfield va Weoley-ning keng Manorini o'z ichiga oladi, asosan bepul ushlagich, uzuk panjara ichida yotar va hurmatli ijarachilarga o'rtacha ijaraga berilsin. Bu lot juda yaxshi kapital qo'yishga yaroqli yoki o'z mulkida yashashni istagan har qanday janobga mos kelishi mumkin, chunki fermer xo'jaliklaridan birida juda qulay uy bo'lgan, tegishli binolar bilan, o'rtacha xarajatlar evaziga kerakli yashash joyiga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Birmingem va Worcester Turnpike yo'lidan qulay masofada joylashgan, har qanday jamoat transporti yo'li kesib o'tmagan va o'yinni saqlash uchun barcha imkoniyatlarni taqdim etgan. Boshqa ko'plab uchastkalar Turnpayk yo'liga tutashgan va qurilish maydonchasi sifatida juda mos. Va butun mulk yo'llar va harakatlanuvchi kanallar bilan bog'liq holda yaxshi qurilgan.Bu mulkning barchasi, Cofton Hackettdagi Glebe bundan mustasno, cherkovda joylashgan. Nortfilddan, Vorsester shtatining okrugida, Birmingemdan Vorsestergacha bo'lgan yuqori burilish yo'lida va avvalgi joydan besh mil uzoqlikda joylashgan ".[36] 1817 yilda J & F tadqiqotchilari tomonidan ko'chmas mulk xaritasi tuzilgan va bu juda foydali ma'lumotlarni beradi. Nortfildda ikkita burilish yo'llari uchrashdi. Hozir Bristol yo'li (A38) va Nortfildga boradigan Birmingem va Vorsester burilish yo'li. Wootton Wawen burilish yo'li o'tmishda Cherch tepaligidan janubga qarab yuradigan Yashil rang va G'arbiy Xit Alvechurch yo'liga qo'shilguncha (A441). Bu to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yo'nalish bo'lgani uchun Evesham bu o'rta asr, ehtimol katta bo'lmagan marshrut bo'lishi mumkin. Xaritada 1272 yilda Rojer de Somerining o'limi to'g'risida Weley Manor tavsifiga mos keladigan ikkita tegirmon, Northfield (Digbeth) va Wychall ko'rsatilgan.[37]

Uchastkalar orasida ikkita manor uyi ko'rsatildi. Middlton Xoll, ehtimol, Middlton oilasining yashash joyi bo'lgan.[38] Cherkovga tutashgan kattaroq moated joy Nortfildning asl manor uyi bo'lganligi taxmin qilinmoqda.[39] Ueoley qal'asini qurish uchun Quarry Lane maydonidagi tosh ishlatilgan degan da'vo qiziq va shubhali.[40] Weoley qal'asi Jervoise Road va Alwold Road o'rtasida tosh kesilgan toshloq joyning shimolida joylashgan.[41] e'tiborga olish kerak bo'lgan yana bir narsa shundaki, Great Ley Hill sotiladigan lotlar qatoriga kiritilgan. Maydonlarning beshtasi: 370 dumaloq g'ildirakli, 371 dumaloq g'ildirakli, 372 uzun dingil, 1114 o'rta dingil va 1115 uzun dingil deb nomlangan.[42] 123 gektar maydonga ega bo'lgan Fernando Smit, Dudli baroni merosxo'ri bo'lgan, agar u ishlamay qolmasa.[43]

Northfield va King's Norton cherkovlari birlashib, Qishloq okrug Kengashini tuzdilar va u tezda o'zgarib ketdi King's Norton va Northfield Urban District Council 1898 yilda.[44] Mustaqil Borough tashkil etish imkoniyatiga Birmingem shahar kengashi bilan birlashish foydasiga qarshilik ko'rsatildi. 1911 yilda Birmingem tomonidan boshqariladigan hudud Buyuk Birmingem qonuni bo'yicha o'z chegaralarini yanada kengaytirish orqali deyarli uch baravar ko'paygan.[45] Avvalgi kengaytmalar 1889, 1891 va 1911 yillarda Birmingem 2999 gektardan 13478 gektargacha o'sgan. Balsall Xit (1891) va Kvinton (1909) ikkalasi ham Vorstestshirdan, Xarborne esa Staffordshirdan ko'chirilgan. 1911 yilda chegaralar kengaytirildi: tuman Aston Manor (Warwickshire); Erdington Urban District (Warwickshire); Xendvort Urban District (Staffordshire); aksariyati King's Norton va Northfield Urban District (Worcestershire); va Yardli Qishloq okrugi (Worcestershire).[46] Birmingem tomonidan boshqariladigan maydon deyarli 13.478 akrdan 43.601 akrgacha trebled edi.[47] Shaharga 1928 va 1931 yillarda qo'shimcha qo'shimchalar kiritildi va VCHdan keyin Uorvikshirning V11 jildidan keyin - Birmingem shahri birinchi bo'lib 1964 yilda nashr etilgan, ayniqsa, Vorsestershire va Staffordshir qo'shni okruglaridan hududlarni ko'chirishga bag'ishlangan. Tahririyat xatida "Buyuk Birmingem ma'muriy hokimiyati tashkil etilgandan keyin o'z faoliyatini to'xtatgan Vorestester Shiridagi Parijlar to'g'risidagi hisobotlar Vorkestershirning VCH tarixining III jildida joylashganligi" ta'kidlangan.[48] Birmingemning tarixiy landshaft tavsifi umumiy maydoni 26798 ga (66.210 gektar) tashkil etadi, bu Birmingemning 1889 yildan buyon o'sib borishini ko'rsatmoqda.[20]

Sanoatlashtirish

Ohak pechlari

Qozuvdan keyingi arxeologik hisobotda limekilnlarning qisqa vaqt ichida qurilganligi aniqlangan Dadli kanali 2-qator 1798 yilda ochilgan.[49] 1828 yilgi xaritada Jorj Uaytxusning Vorestrdagi Birmingem kanaligacha bo'lgan Wharfs-da bitta blok ichida beshta ohak o'choqlari ko'rsatilgan. 1850-yillarda qayta qurish bo'lgan va 1870-yillarda ular ortiqcha edi. Ikki sharqiy o'choq temir yo'l bilan kesilgan. Qadimgi pechlar qazilgan pechlarning ostiga ko'milishi mumkin. Blokli pechlar o'sha paytda landshaftda hukmronlik qilgan bo'lar edi va ular katta talabni qondirish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. Ular Birmingemning 1818 yilda terminalda ochilgan birinchi gaz zavodiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yo'lda edilar Vorester va Birmingem kanali.

Ular Selli Oak hududida tashkil topgan eng qadimgi sanoat tarmoqlaridan biri hisoblanadi Sanoat inqilobi. Bu Selli Oakda sodir bo'lgan va Birmingem uchun katta ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan keng miqyosli sanoat jarayonining dastlabki dalilidir. Ular Birmingemda qazilgan o'zlarining yagona turlari.

Qozuv paytida topilgan boshqa buyumlar O'rta asrlardan keyingi kulolchilik buyumlarini aniqladi: 1760-1780 yillarda paydo bo'lgan krem-buyumlar ohak o'choqlaridan oldinroq bo'lgan, ammo mavjud tuzilmalar ostidan qazish har doim ham imkoni bo'lmagan. Qizil qumli buyumlar, shuningdek, 18-asrning oxiriga to'g'ri keladi.[49]

1822 yilda kanal kompaniyasi Uilyam Povining janob Jeyms tomonidan allaqachon qurilgan ko'mir va ohak biznesini egallashini ma'qulladi. Ijaraga olish 1836 yilda Frankli shahridagi Jeyms Uaytxusga ko'chirilgan. U dengiz qirg'og'ida yashab, ko'mir va ohak bilan shug'ullangan va 1870 yillarga qadar do'kon saqlagan.[50] Birmingham Battery and Metal Co Ltd kompaniyasining Dudli kanali tomonida Uilyam Summerfildning kassalari yonida qazib olinmagan yana ohak pechlarining ko'rsatkichlari mavjud.

Kimyo sanoati

Jon Sturj vafot etganida, Edvard o'z qaynonasi Artur Olbraytni sheriklikka olib keldi. Ular birinchi marta 1844 yilda oq fosfor ishlab chiqarishgan, ammo bu o'zgaruvchan edi. Olbrayt 1851 yilda patent olgan qizil yoki amorf, fosfor ishlab chiqarish jarayonini ixtiro qildi. Ularning kimyoviy ishlari bir nechta portlashlarga sabab bo'lgan. Selly Oakni qayta tiklash dasturining bir qismi sifatida qurilish ishlari uchun ariza berilganda, u erni arxeologik qazishni amalga oshirish shartiga ega bo'ladi. Bo'ronning zarari haqida 1839 yilda nashr etilgan gazetadagi maqolada Sturges Works va janob Bredlining Sal-ammonit asarlarida 20 metr katta qurilgan devor buzilganligi, shu erda katta uyumning 30 futi tashlanganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi. bino bilan bog'langan bug'lanib ketadigan uyning tomidagi bir qismida barqaror va tirnoqni yo'q qiladigan darajada katta kuch bilan zamin.[51]

Selly Oak qudug'i va nasos stantsiyasi

Asosiy maqola: Selly Oak nasos stantsiyasi

Kutubxonaning yonida va Bristol yo'lidan orqaga qarab, baland, sirli ro'yxatdagi bino joylashgan. Selly Oak Well va nasos stantsiyasi tomonidan qurilgan Birmingem korporatsiyasi suv departamenti 1870-yillarda, ammo 1879 yil iyulgacha rasmiy ravishda ochilmagan Jozef Chemberlen. Quduqning diametri 12 fut va umumiy chuqurligi 300 fut bo'lgan. Uning sirtidan 80 metr masofada 14 dyuym qalinlikdagi mustahkam devor qoplamasi mavjud. Dvigatel nurining uzunligi 31½ fut va og'irligi 20 tonna edi. Silindrning diametri 60 dyuym bo'lgan va zarbasi 11 metr bo'lgan. U 1881 yilga kelib, janob Jeyms Vatt va Ko tomonidan qurilgan bo'lib, keyingi lateral zerikishlardan keyin har kuni bir yarim million gallon ishlab chiqarilgan. Quduq 1920 yilda sifatida yopilgan Elan vodiysi zarur bo'lgan barcha suvni etkazib berdi. Bino o'zining milliy ro'yxatida Chemberlen bilan bog'liq gotik uslubda, toshdan yasalgan pardozlangan baland g'ishtli va terakota bino sifatida tasvirlangan. Bu frantsuz gotika cherkovining baland bo'yli versiyasi sifatida ko'rinadi.[52]

Transport va aloqa

Yo'llar

Sobiq Bristol Yo'lidagi tramvay yo'nalishi va uning bazalari 1952 yilda avtobuslar bilan almashtirilgan.[53] Dastlabki tramvay saroylari taxminan 2005 yilda kvartiralar uchun buzilgan, 1986 yilda Selly Oak avtobus garaji yopilgan va taxminan 1990 yilda o'z-o'zini saqlash omboriga aylantirilgan.[53].

Avtobus qatnovlarining aksariyati National Express West Midlands tomonidan, shu jumladan 11A / 11C tashqi aylanasi tomonidan boshqariladi. Birinchi Worcestershire Bromsgrove orqali Birmingem va Worcester o'rtasida 144 xizmatini ko'rsatmoqda, ammo bu barcha to'xtash joylariga xizmat qilmaydi.

Kanallar

2015 yil Vorester va Birmingem kanali ochilishining ikki yuz yilligi edi (1815–2015). Bu Birmingemni Vorsester va Severn daryosiga, so'ngra Gloesterga xalqaro savdo yo'llari bilan bog'ladi. Kanal tizimini qurish tezligi favqulodda, ehtimol 1793 yilda boshlangan Frantsiya bilan urush va og'ir minerallarni - ko'mir, temir rudasi va ohaktoshni tashish zarurati bilan bog'liq. Qora mamlakat. Selly Port faoliyatning markazi bo'lgan. 1791 yildagi Worcester va Birmingem kanali to'g'risidagi qonuni qurilishni ma'qullagan va yana ikkita hujjat bilan uni to'lash uchun 379 609 funt sterlingni oshirishga ruxsat bergan. Dengiz kemalarini joylashtirish uchun kazarmalar tashkil etildi Bornbruk 120 kishiga va Gallou Brukga, Sirkli 100 erkak uchun. Selli Oak va Ley End o'rtasida Wast Hill tunnelining janubida oltita g'ishtli pechlar ishlay boshladi. Tarmoq uchta kanalni o'z ichiga olgan: Worcester-Birmingham, Netherton yoki Dadli kanali chiziq № 2 va Stratford-on-Evon kanali.

Qurilish ishlari: "dengiz kuchlari" dan qo'l mehnati bilan qurilgan qalamchalar, ko'priklar, tunnellar, suv o'tkazgichlar va to'siqlar. Dastlab, ko'priklarning bir qismi o'tinlardan turar joy ko'priklari yoki arqon ko'priklari bilan qurilgan bo'lib, kanal xo'jaliklari yoki mulklarni kesib o'tadigan joyga o'rnatilgandir. Dastlab to'xtash blokirovkasidan yoki gilyotin qulfidan boshqa bir nechta qulf kerak edi King's Norton. Uchta tunnel bor edi: Lapal (3,795 yds), ​​Brandwood (352 yds) va Wast Hills tunnel (2,726 yd).

Vorester-Birmingem kanalining Selli Oakka boradigan qismi 1795 yilda ochilgan. 1798 yil may oyida Niderton Selli Oak kanaligacha katta tantanalarga ochilgan. 1802 yilga kelib Dadli-London yo'nalishi ochildi. Tegirmon egalarini tinchlantirish uchun Harbornda suv omborlari qurilgan, Lifford suv ombori va Wychall suv ombori. 1815 yilda Birmingemdagi Gaz stritidagi Worcester Barga tegishli masalalar hal qilindi va Tardibigge orqali Worcestergacha yakuniy qism tugallandi.[54]

Kanal yo'lini qayta tiklashning uzoq muddatli rejasi doirasida Dudli №2 kanalining bir qismini sobiq Birmingem akkumulyator va metall kompaniyasining sobiq uchastkasi orqali tiklash bo'yicha kelishuvlar olib borildi. Halesowen va Qora mamlakat.[55]

Birmingem G'arbiy shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l

The Birmingem G'arbiy shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l bilan yer ijarasi shartnomasini kelishib oldi Vorester va Birmingem kanali 1871 yilda ruxsat berilgan va 1876 yilda Granvil ko'chasidan Liffordgacha bitta chiziqli yo'l sifatida ochilgan qurilishga ruxsat berish. Birmingem G'arbiy shahar atrofi temir yo'li tomonidan sotib olingan Midland temir yo'li ularning poezdlarini Birmingem orqali burilmasdan o'tishga ruxsat berish Lager tepaligi chizig'i, ular janubdagi yo'llarni janub bilan janubga tutashgan joyga uzaytirdilar Birmingem va Gloucester temir yo'li da Shohlar Norton va butun chiziq uzunligini ikki marta kuzatib boring. Bu chiziq 1930-yillarning boshlarida biroz o'zgartirilgan. Yaqinda eski yo'nalish stubi buzib tashlandi. Selly Oak, shu jumladan beshta stantsiya ochildi. Terminus yangi ko'chaga o'zgartirildi. Bu yo'nalish 1883 yilda ikki baravarga oshirildi va 1885 yilga kelib Midland temir yo'lining Gloucesterga boradigan asosiy yo'nalishiga aylandi. Davomida Birinchi jahon urushi Jabrlanganlar Selly Oakga ko'chirilib, yangi binoda joylashgan Birinchi Janubiy va Umumiy harbiy kasalxonaga ko'chirildi Birmingem universiteti binolar. Avtoulovlar shovqin va tirbandlikka yo'l qo'ymaslik va mojaro paytida yaralangan odamlarning ko'pchiligini ruhiy tushkunlikka tushirish uchun ko'pincha tunda yugurishgan. 20-asrning 20-yillarida Bristol yo'li ustidagi viyadukning markaziy qismi uning ostidan balandroq tramvaylar o'tishi uchun hozirgi temir ko'prik bilan almashtirildi. Vokzal majmuasi 1978 yilda, 2003 yilda esa qayta qurilgan.[56] Hozirda Selly Oak tomonidan xizmat ko'rsatiladi Selly Oak temir yo'l stantsiyasi ustida Shaharlararo yo'nalish xizmatlarini taqdim etish Birmingem yangi ko'chasi, Lichfild Trent vodiysi va Redditch stantsiyalar.

"Eman" daraxti

Selly Oak ismining Eman elementi taniqli kishidan kelib chiqqan eman ilgari Bristol yo'li va Oak Tree Lane / Harborne Lane chorrahasida turgan daraxt. Dastlabki joy hali ham "Oak Tree Place" deb e'lon qilgan va 1880 yilga ega bo'lgan Oak Tree Lane shimolidagi do'konlardan birining yuqorisidagi qadimgi Viktoriya ko'chasi belgisi bilan yodga olingan.[57]

"Selly Oak nomi olingan eski eman daraxtining tugmasi" deb yozilgan guruch plakati

U erda turgan eman, 1909 yil may oyida, yaqin atrofdagi uylarning qurilishi oqibatida ildizlariga zarar yetganligi sababli, uning xavfsizligidan qo'rqib, qulab tushdi. Daraxt kesilgan va dumba olib tashlangan Selly Oak Park "Selly Oak nomi olingan Old Eman daraxtining tugmasi. Selly Oak 1909 yildagi Oak Tree Lane-dan olib tashlangan" deb yozilgan guruch taxtasida bu erda saqlanib qolgan.[58] 2011 yilga kelib stub juda chirigan bo'lib, guruch plitasi endi xavfsiz emas edi. U Selly Oak Parkning do'stlari tomonidan olib tashlandi va uning o'rniga nusxa plakati bilan almashtirildi. Asl nusxani saqlash uchun Do'stlar saqlab qolishdi. Tog'ning qoldiqlari bog'da qoldirilgan.

V. Stounning "Eski Selly-Eman daraxti" ning yog'li rasmlari (1897)

"Selly Oak" nomi uchun dastlabki attestatsiyalar 1746 yildan boshlangan va Selli tumani tarkibiga kirgan Northfield va Weoley manorlari uchun sud majlislaridan kelib chiqqan.[59] Selly Oak bog'idagi qadimgi eman daraxti yordamida tekshirildi dendroxronologiya va natijalar 1710–1720 yillarda daraxt o'sishni boshlagan vaqtni ko'rsatdi.[60] Shuning uchun bu daraxt 1727 yilda boshlangan Bromsgrove - Birmingem (hozirgi Bristol yo'li) yo'lining burilishidan so'ng muhim belgi bo'ldi deb o'ylashadi.[61]

Xuddi shu chorrahaning eski nomi, u erda King's Nortondan Harborngacha bo'lgan yo'l (hozirda Oak Tree / Harborne Lanes tomonidan namoyish etilgan) Bromsgrove'dan Birmingem yo'liga (hozirgi Bristol yo'li) qadar to'qnashgan, Selly Cross edi; hech bo'lmaganda bu 16-asrda yozilganida shunday nomlangan Selley Kros 1549 yilda va Selley Kross 1506 yilda.[62]

Selly Emanni qirib tashlash, 1909 yil

Asl emanning Sara yoki Sally ismli jodugar bilan bog'liqligi haqidagi taxminlar asossiz,[63] va "Sally" Oak ismining mahalliy talaffuzi qanday bo'lishi mumkinligini tushuntirish vositasi sifatida paydo bo'lgan.[64] Darhaqiqat, ism aslida sifatida qayd etilgan Salli Oak 1789 yilda Jon Sneyp tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan kanal xaritasida.[65]

1985 yil mart oyida "yangi" Selly Oak Bristol yo'lining shimoliy qismida, Harborne Leyn va er o'rtasidagi kichik uchburchakda mahalliy Kengash a'zolari tomonidan ekilgan. Sainsbury's sayt, tutashgan yo'l yaxshilanganidan keyin.[66] Ikkinchi "yangi" Selly Oak 2000 yil oktyabr oyida Bristol yo'lining janubiy qismida Bentellaning burchagida, Oak Tree Lane-ning asl joyiga qarama-qarshi tomonda ekilgan.[67] Bundan tashqari, Seynsberining avtoturargohi kengaytmasi yonida, 1993 yilda Buyuk Oak pabini buzilgandan keyin yana bir "yangi" Selly Oakning uchinchi ekish jarayoni ham bo'lishi mumkin edi.[iqtibos kerak ] Bu Oakslarning hammasi hali ham mavjud[qachon? ] o'sib borayotgan.

Ta'lim

Maktablarga Selly Oak maktabi, Selly Park qizlar texnologiya kolleji, Sent-Edvards RC, Raddlebarn Road, Tiverton Road va Seynt Meri shahridagi E boshlang'ich maktablari kiradi.

Quyida 1964 yilda nashr etilgan Viktoriya okrugi tarixidan olingan Selli Oak Uorddagi maktablarning tarixi va shunga muvofiq ma'lumotlar yangilanishni talab qiladi.[68]

Sent-Edvards RC boshlang'ich maktabi, Elmdon yo'li: Maktab 1874 yilda St Paul's RC School sifatida ochilgan, yangi binolarda bitta o'quv xonasi va bitta sinf xonasi mavjud. 1895 yilda yangi binolarga ko'chib o'tdi va nomi St Edvards RC maktabi deb o'zgartirildi. 1897 yilda 120 o'quvchiga mo'ljallangan yangi maktab xonasi taqdim etildi. U 1909 yilda o'zgartirilib, kattalashtirildi va 1912 yilda yanada takomillashtirish talab qilindi. 1953 yilda u Kichik va Kichkintoylar uchun qayta tashkil etildi. O'qitishni St Paulning xayriya tashkilotining opa-singillari olib bordi.

Sent-Mening E boshlang'ich maktabining C, High Street, Selly Oak (Bristol Road): U 1860 yilda 252 bolaga mo'ljallangan turar joy bilan milliy maktab sifatida ochilgan. U 1872 yilda kattalashtirildi va o'n yil o'tgach, bolalar va qizlar ajralib turdilar. 1885 yilda Hubert Road Bornbrukda Sent-Meri milliy maktabi ochilganda, qizlar u erga ko'chirilgan va Milliy maktab o'g'il bolalar va go'daklar uchun ishlatilgan. 1898 yilda maktablar ma'muriyat uchun birlashtirilgan va Selly Oak va Bornbruk maktablari deb nomlangan. Uchinchi bo'lim 1898 yilda Dawlish Road-da ochilgan bo'lib, 545 nafar katta yoshdagi qizlar va go'daklar bo'limini qamrab oldi. Selly Oak maktabi kichik qizlar va chaqaloqlar uchun ishlatilgan. Bornbruk maktabi 1901 yildan 1903 yilgacha Bornbruk texnika institutida 200 o'g'il bolalarga mo'ljallangan turar joyli o'g'il bolalar uchun ishlatilgan. Dastlabki maktab Frederik Road va Harborne Leyn o'rtasidagi Bristol yo'lida joylashgan. U Lodge Hill yo'lida qayta qurilgan va yo'lni kengaytirish uchun eski bino buzilgan.[69]

The Selly Oak va Bornbruk vaqtinchalik kengash maktabi was opened by King’s Norton and Northfield UDC in 1903 in the room that was previously used as an annexe of Selly Oak and Bournbrook C of E School. The premises were not satisfactory and the school was closed in 1904 when Raddlebarn Lane Temporary Council School was opened. Selly Oak School was damaged in 1908 by a gale and the premises were condemned in 1912. The schools were separated in 1914 with the 1885 Hubert Road and 1898 Dawlish Road buildings becoming St Wulstan’s C of E school. Selly Oak School became St Mary’s C of E School. In 1946 accommodation was also provided in the People’s Hall, Oak Tree Lane.

Selly Hill C of E, Warwards Lane. Ten Acres Church School opened in 1874 to accommodate 125 children. The name changed in 1884 to Selly Hill Church School. It was sometimes known as St Stephen’s Church School, or as Dogpool National School. It was enlarged in 1885 and a new school was opened on an adjoining site opened in 1898 to accommodate 440 children. Further enlargement and alterations took place in 1914, and after reorganisation in 1927 and 1931 the school closed in 1941. Between 1951 and 1954 the buildings were used by Selly Park County Primary School and from 1954 by Raddlebarn Lane Boys County Modern School.

Selly Oak Boys County Modern School, Oak Tree Lane, was opened in 1961 with nine classrooms, practical rooms and a hall.

Selly Park County Primary School, Pershore Road, opened in 1911 to accommodate 1,110 boys, girls and infants and enabled the closure of Fashoda Road Temporary Council School. The buildings were altered and the school reorganised in 1931–32. In 1945 the senior department became a separate school. St Stephen's Parochial Hall provided accommodation for two classes from 1947 to 1954. War damage was repaired in 1950 and in 1955 children were transferred to Moor Green County Primary School with one building used as an annexe of this new school.

Selly Park Girls' County Modern School, Pershore Road became a separate school in 1945, accommodating 440, in the buildings of the County Primary School.

Fashoda Road Temporary Council School was opened by King’s Norton and Northfield UDC in 1904 and closed with the opening of Selly Park Council School.

Raddlebarn Lane County Primary School In 1905 King’s Norton and Northfield UDC opened a temporary school in iron buildings for the Selly Oak and Bournbrook Temporary Council School from the Bournbrook Technical Institute. Accommodation for 126 was provided in a Primitive Methodist Chapel. Permanent buildings replacing the hut opened in 1909 as Raddlebarn Lane Council School with accommodation for 800 children.

Raddlebarn Lane Boy’s County Modern School This became a separate school in 1945 with additional accommodation provided in 1951 in the Friends Meeting House, Raddlebarn Road, and from 1954 in the former St Stephen’s C of E School in Warwards Lane.

Selly Oak colleges

Asosiy maqola: Selly Oak kollejlari

This information has been gathered from the Victoria County History which was published in 1964 so there is a need to add to it.[70]

Vudbruk, Bristol Road.[71] This was the former home of Josiah Mason, George Richards Elkington, and George and Elizabeth Cadbury. It was opened in 1903 as a residential settlement for religious and social study for Friends. A men’s hostel, Holland House was opened from 1907 to 1914. By 1922 more than 400 foreign students and 1,250 British students had passed through the college. Only about 50% of these belonged to the Society of Friends.

A separate missionary college was established at Vestxolm in 1905, this was the house of J W Hoyland. A year later it moved into permanent quarters at Kingsmead. By 1931 the Methodists had added Queen’s Hostel for women.

Westhill College was created in 1907 as a result of gifts by Mr. and Mrs. Barrow Cadbury. The building erected in 1914 was named after its first principle, G H Archibald.

Firkroft was a working men’s college conceived as a place of training for Adult-School workers. The college moved to The Dell in 1909 which was renamed Fircroft. The college moved in 1957 to Primrose Hill, George Cadbury’s old home, and this was renamed Fircroft.

Keri Xoll, Weoley Park Road was opened in 1912 as a joint venture of the Baptist Missionary Society, and the London Missionary Society of the Presbyterian Church of England for training women missionary candidates.

The College of the Ascension, opened 1929, replaced the original Westhill College building as a training institution for women missionaries for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.

The YWCA College began work in 1926 moving to new premises in College Walk.

The Masih diniy kollejining cherkovlari moved from Park Road, Moseley to Overdale in 1931.

Boxlar, built by George Cadbury before 1914, was used from 1925 to 1933 as a holiday home for non-conformist ministers and their wives. It became The Beeches Educational Centre for Women from 1933 to 1939. After the War it was used by Cadbury Brothers Ltd as a trade college.

St Brigid’s House, Weoley Park Road, was a second Anglican college, which initially shared premises with the College of the Ascension.

The Anglican Industrial Christian Fellowship Training College was also situated in Weoley Park Road from 1954 to 1956.

Sent-Endryus kolleji, a united men’s missionary college was opened in Elmfield before moving to Lower Kingsmead.

A Central Council of governing bodies of the colleges was created in 1919. George Cadbury gave extensive playing fields in 1922 on which a pavilion was erected in 1928. The Rendel Harris Reference Library, named after the first tutor at Woodbrooke College, was opened in 1925 in a large house called Roksli. After World War 2 the building was extended and became the Gillett Centre for students' recreation and sports.[72] It had a swimming pool and squash courts. The George Cadbury Memorial Hall was built by Dame Elizabeth Cadbury and opened in 1927. A new library was built in 1932.[73]

A new Life Sciences campus will be created for the Birmingem universiteti.

King's Norton union workhouse

Asosiy maqola: Selly Oak kasalxonasi

Selly Oak kasalxonasi began as a workhouse.[74][75] It was built in 1872 for the King’s Norton Poor law Union which was formed in 1836 and included the Parishes of Beoley, King’s Norton, Northfield (Worcestershire), Harborne and Smethwick (Staffordshire), and Edgbaston (Warwickshire). The architect was Edward Homes who had designed St Mary’s Church. By 1879 the hospital catered for 400 patients including the poor but also the aged, sick, and infirm. In 1895 the foundation stone was laid for a new infirmary designed by Daniel Arkell. In 1906 the Woodlands was built as a home for nurses. The school of nursing was officially opened in 1942.[76]

Yaratilishi bilan Buyuk Birmingem in 1911 Selly Oak became part of the Birmingham Union for Poor Law responsibility. By the Local Government Act of 1929 the functions of the boards of guardians were transferred to the local authorities and Birmingham Corporation became responsible for the administration of public assistance and for 16 institutions containing 6,000 patients. Selly oak hospital, with 550 patients, was administered by the public health, maternity, and welfare committee becoming a general and not poor law hospital.[77] For many years the workhouse and infirmary buildings have been used as offices and consulting rooms rather than as wards for patients. Asosiy protez a'zosi production and fitment centre for the West Midlands is still functioning.

The Centre for Defence Medicine was located at Selly Oak Hospital and casualties from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were treated there. When the university hospitals Birmingham trust NHS foundation trust was formed in 1997 Selly oak Hospital and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital were jointly administered. A new hospital has been built beside the old QE and Selly Oak Accident and Emergency Department was closed with the transfer of patients beginning on 16 June 2010. The hospital in now fully closed with all NHS services consolidated to the new Qirolicha Yelizaveta kasalxonasi Birmingem. A significant group of buildings have been listed but 650 houses will be built on the site.[78]

Hamjamiyat

The area is well served by all kinds of public facilities. Bunga quyidagilar kiradi: - Selly Oak Library mezbon bo'lgan Selly Oak Library Local History Group.

Kinoteatrlar

The Eman kinoteatri was at the junction of the Bristol Road and Chapel Lane where Sainsbury’s supermarket is now. The cinema opened in 1924 and was later extended to seat over 1,500.[79] The ABC minors children's cinema club took place on Saturday mornings. The cinema closed in November 1979.[80]

A 'picturedrome' was built in chapel Lane in 1913 beside the Plough and Harrow. In 1924 it was converted to a billiard hall and in 1950 became the Embassy Dance Club.[81]

The People’s Hall, in Oak Tree Lane was used as a 'picturedrome' for a few years around 1911. .[82]

Qabriston

There is one main cemetery in Selly Oak, Lodge Hill Cemetery, opened 1895, and run by Birmingham council since 1911. In 1937 Birmingham’s first Municipal Crematorium was built on the site.[83] Its main entrance is on Weoley Park Road, at its junction with Gibbins Road and Shenley Fields Road.

Jamoat uylari

Photographic evidence exists for all of these pubs with the exception of 'The Boat' and 'The Junction'.

The Ayiq va xodimlar is situated at the junction of Bristol Road and Frederick Road

The Boat was an early pub, beside the canal at the bottom of the Dingle, kept by Mr. Kinchin.[84]

1881 yilda Qishloq qizi, Raddlebarn Road, is listed as a beer garden. It has undergone various modifications. The cottages on the site have been used to give a more acceptable address to those born in the Workhouse.[85]

Behind the façade of the Dog and Partridge was an old farmhouse which had sold its home-brewed beer from the early days of Selly Oak’s canal-side development. It had been run by an independent beer retailer, Butler’s of Wolverhampton, until 1938 when Mitchells and Butler bought it.[86] It was positioned on the front of 'The Dingle'. One of the people accused of and incorrectly imprisoned for the Carl Bridgewater murder was arrested in the now demolished Dog and Partridge public house. The pub and the Commercial buildings were demolished from the 1998s. The site is now subject to a major planning application from SENSE.

Asl nusxa Dogpool Inn was on the corner of Pershore Road and Dogpool Lane, diagonally opposite where the current pub stands. It appears on an 1877 map. The landlord was Tom G H Thompson.[87] It has had various names: Firkin, Hibernian and is now the New Dogpool Hotel It is an Art Nouveau style building with terracotta facing and a French Empire type roof.[88]

The Junction Inn was situated on the canal wharf at the junction of the Dudley and W/B canals – a large house is shown on an 1873 map[89]

The Great Oak was a new pub opened on the Triangle; however access was nearly impossible due to traffic.

The original Oak Inn was on the corner of the Bristol Road and Harborne Lane. It was demolished during road improvements and for the development of the Triangle for Sainsbury’s store c. 1980 yil.[90] A Court of the Ancient Order of Foresters was held at the Oak Tree in Selly Oak.[91]

The Prince of Wales was on the site of Halfords on the Battery Retail Park.[92]

The Plough and Harrow was formerly called the New Inn and took the name Plough and Harrow in 1904. The pub had moved to this site from further up the Bristol Road towards the Oak in about 1900. It was demolished for junction improvements in the 1980s.[93]

The Selly Park Tavern, Pershore Road, was built in 1901 as the Selly Park Hotel, in the Arts and Crafts style for Holders Brewery. It replaced the Pershore Inn which probably dated back to the building of the Pershore Road in 1825. A skittle alley at the back is possibly one of the earlier Inn’s outbuildings.[94]

Ten Acres Tavern was on the corner of Pershore Road and St Stephen's Road which is now occupied by the New Dogpool Hotel. It was built by Holt’s brewery.[87]

In 1900 the Village Bells, Harborne Lane, had William Caesley as landlord. It had become the Infant Welfare Centre by 1922. The building was reputedly used as a meeting place for the Primitive Methodists. The site was cleared for road widening.[95]

The White Horse was in Chapel Lane.

Televizor

The BBC Drama Village ichida joylashgan Selly Oak, together with the Mill Health Centre where the BBC 's daytime soap Shifokorlar filmga tushirilgan.

Ibodat joylari

Asosiy maqola: Sent-Maryam cherkovi, Selli Oak
Sent-Maryam cherkovi, Selli Oak

George Richards Elkington put up most of the money to build Sent-Meri cherkovi on Bristol Road in 1861, built by the Birmingham architect Edvard Xolms. There are several Elkington Burials in the Churchyard, including George Richards Elkington and his wife Mary Austen Elkington., and Brass Plates to Commemorate them within the name of the church. These rather amusingly show the couple with Victorian hairstyles and a mixture of Victorian and medieval clothing.

The Five Mile Act in 1665 meant Birmingham, although a large centre of population was not a borough, and was therefore exempt from the effects of the Act and attracted an influx of ex-preachers religious freedom made the town attractive. The Declaration of Indulgence of 1672 resulted in the licensing of meetings of which few seem to have been registered. The following is an update from the VCH City of Birmingham.[96]

A Psychic Centre on the Bristol Road, Selly Oak was registered for public worship in 1946.

Masih cherkovi, Selly Park, was formed from St Stephen’s parish.

There are two large Pentecostal congregations in Selly Oak. Selly Oak Elim cherkovi is situated in Exeter Road. Ayni paytda, Christian Life Centre is located on Langleys Road in a purpose-built church opened in 1999 (the congregation had previously worshipped at Dame Elizabeth Cadbury School in Bournville). CLC hosts three meetings on Sundays and has a regular attendance of three hundred or more worshippers at its two morning services. CLC is also heavily engaged in social outreach work through its ACTS and ARK projects to assist vulnerable and marginalised people in the local area.

Raddlebarn Lane Mission Hall was opened in 1922. It was preceded by a corrugated iron building, seating around 150, built on the same site by Edward Cadbury in 1903. It was originally known as the Friends' Hall, Selly Hill which was destroyed by fire in 1916. During the intervening period the congregation met at Raddlebarn Lane Council School. The hall was closed in 1950 and subsequently used by Birmingham Corporation for educational purposes.[97]

Selly Park Baptist Church was completed in 1877, at a cost of £3,400 of which W Middlemore subscribed £2,600 and, in 1892 provided 400 sittings. Services had previously been held in the Dog Pool Chapel, a wooden mission hall erected in 1867 in ST Stephen’s Road by members of Bradford Street Circus Chapel. The Sunday afternoon congregation in 1892 was 90. Church membership, 228 in 1938, had fallen in 1956 to 82. The congregation now meets in a new brick built annexe to the old church which is being renovated for use as a club.[98]

St Paul’s Convent was founded in 1864 by the Sisters of Charity of St Paul but the mission was not established until 1889. A stable and coach-house in Upland Road was used until a school was built and part used as a chapel in 1895. The permanent church was opened in 1902 and completed in 1904. A new chapel was built in c. 1915. The Sisters managed a maternity home in Raddlebarn Road which is now St Mary’s Hospice.

The Society of Friends Meeting on the Bristol Road was in a brick building, seating 200, opened in 1927. Christian Society Meetings for worship are said to have been held in the Workman’s Hall, Selly oak from 1879, and in 1892 there was a Sunday evening congregation of 170 at Selly Oak meeting in a building seating 200.

The Workman’s Hall was a temperance club on the 'British Workman' model, built on the initiative of a group on Unitarians in 1871.

Wesley Hall, a wooden building seating 150 on the Pershore Road, Selly Park, was opened by the Wesleyans in 1920 and cost £2,033. In 1940 three ancillary rooms were in use, of which one was built as a school hall. The congregation had previously met in an annexe of the council hall. Attendance in 1920 was estimated as 50, of whom 30 were church members. In 1932 membership was 38. The hall ceased to be registered for public worship in 1956.

Sanoat

William Bradley’s Sal-ammonite works were damaged by a hurricane when the chimney fell into the works in 1839. Bradley went bankrupt and his premises were bought by Sturges Chemical Works.[51]

The Birmingham Battery and Metal Co Ltd began in 1836 in Digbeth from where they moved to Selly Oak 1871. A large part of the factory area was turned into a retail business park in c. 1990 and the works closed in c. 1990 and the buildings were demolished. Only the offices building remained thought by most to be a statutory listed building. There was local shock when this significant landmark building was also demolished. The company was founded by Thomas Gibbins in 1836 and became a limited company in 1897. Joseph Gibbins (1756–1811) was a banker and button maker from South Wales. U sherik edi Metyu Boulton in establishing the Rose Copper Mine. His son, Thomas Gibbins (1796–1863), took over the management of the business. 1n 1884 the very tall chimney was erected and became a local landmark.[99] The Birmingham Battery and Metal Co Ltd used steam engines at Digbeth to work its battery hammers for making hollow-ware. A gas works was built on the site to power the engines driving the five large and several smaller rolling and tube mills, as well as provide lighting. This gas engine was sold in the 1920s, and the steam engines were gradually scrapped from 1908 onwards until by 1926 the factory was all electric. The company also had its own wells and during a drought supplied the canal company with water. The Gibbins family donated the land for Selly Oak Park and Selly Oak Library.[100]

Qayiq quruvchilar: 1820s John Smith, James Price; v. 1850-70 William Monk; 1870-1894 William Hetherington followed by Edward Tailby until 1923. Matthew Hughes and Sons until the 1930s.[101]

The 1884 First Edition OS map shows a g'isht zavodlari on the site of the Birmingham Battery and Metal Company Ltd.

W Elliott & Sons, Metal Rollers and Wire Drawers were established in 1853 on the site of Sturges Chemical Works. Elliott’s Patent Sheathing and Metal Co. was formed in 1862.[102] In 1866 they bought Charles Green‘s business. Charles Green had taken out a patent (1838) for "seamless" tubes with respect to the drawing of copper tubes.[103] In a major expansion plan in 1928 they were taken over by ICI Metals Group and in 1964 transferred to Kynock Works at Vitton.[104]Their products included rolled brass and copper sheet, drawn brass and copper wire, brass and copper tubes. There was significant production of an alloy known as Muntz metal, a patent of Jorj Frederik Muntz, used for sheathing the hulls of wooden ships. They also made telegraph wire for the post office. The management included Nevill Chemberlen from 1897–1924. During the war they made munitions and also millions of rivets for army boots.[105]

Goodman and Co Builders Merchants acquired Edward Tailby’s wharf to add to the land they had near the railway bridge from 1905. They transported bricks, slates, sand, cement, and other building materials from their wharf basin. They also supplied domestic fuel and coal. The canal arm was filled in around 1947 and used to extend the builder’s yard which continued to operate until 2000. In 1879 it supplied the materials to build the Birmingham Council House[106]

Guests Brass Stamping, formerly part of Guest, Keen, and Nettlefolds, was taken over by Birmingham Battery and Metal Company Ltd.

Architects drawings for a new frontage for the Premier Woven Wire Mattress Company Ltd onto Harborne Lane were dated 1947. It is known that the premises were destroyed by fire.

Selly Oak is thought to have mechanised the nailing trade using wrought iron.

Map evidence shows that Oak Tree Tannery was established functioning between 1840–1884 but as yet there is no indication of when it may have started and when it finished operating.

Sturges Chemical Works founded by John and Edmund Sturge, brothers of the more famous Joseph Sturge, occupied a site in Selly Oak from 1833 to 1853. On the 1839 Tithe Map and apportionments it is described as a vitriol works and yard. The land was owned by Henry Baron and James Rodway.[34]

The brothers founded a company, making dyer’s solutions, at Bewdley in c. 1822. They increased their range of products to citric acid, used in the making of soft drinks, and textile processes as well as other fine chemicals in a highly purified state. After John died Edmund took Arthur Albright into partnership and began making phosphorus at the Selly Oak works.[107]

Taniqli binolar

Selly Oak nasos stantsiyasi

Adabiyotlar

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