Lockheed C-130 Gerkules - Lockheed C-130 Hercules - Wikipedia

"Gerkules samolyoti" bu erga yo'naltiriladi. "Gerkules" deb nomlangan boshqa samolyotlar uchun qarang Gerkules (ajralish) #Vositalar.

C-130 Gerkules
To'g'ridan-to'g'ri qanotli, to'rtta dvigatelli turbopropli samolyot suv ustida uchib yuradi
USAF C-130E
RolHarbiy transport samolyotlari
Milliy kelib chiqishiQo'shma Shtatlar
Ishlab chiqaruvchiLockheed korporatsiyasi
Lockheed Martin
Birinchi parvoz1954 yil 23-avgust; 66 yil oldin (1954-08-23)
Kirish1956 yil dekabr[1]
HolatXizmatda
Asosiy foydalanuvchilarAmerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari
Kanada qirollik havo kuchlari
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari sohil xavfsizligi
Qirollik havo kuchlari
Ishlab chiqarilgan1954 - hozirgi kunga qadar
Raqam qurilgan2015 yilga kelib 2500 dan ortiq[2]
Birlik narxi
C-130E: $ 11,9 million[3]
C-130H 30,1 million dollar[3]
VariantlarLockheed AC-130
Lockheed DC-130
Lockheed EC-130
Lockheed EC-130H kompas chaqiruvi
Lockheed HC-130
Lockheed Martin KC-130
Lockheed LC-130
Lockheed MC-130
Lockheed RC-130
Lockheed WC-130
Lockheed L-100 Gerkules
Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules

The Lockheed C-130 Gerkules Amerikaning to'rt dvigatelidir turboprop harbiy transport samolyotlari tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va qurilgan Lokid (hozir Lockheed Martin ). Tayyor bo'lmagan foydalanish qobiliyatiga ega uchish-qo'nish yo'laklari parvoz va qo'nish uchun C-130 dastlab qo'shin sifatida ishlab chiqilgan, medevak va yuk tashuvchi samolyotlar. Ko'p qirrali samolyot turli xil boshqa rollarda, jumladan, a rolida foydalanishni topdi qurol otish (AC-130 ), uchun havo hujumi, qidirish va qutqarish, ilmiy tadqiqotlarni qo'llab-quvvatlash, ob-havo razvedkasi, havo orqali yonilg'i quyish, dengiz patrul xizmati va havoda o't o'chirish. Endi bu asosiy narsa taktik samolyot butun dunyo bo'ylab ko'plab harbiy kuchlar uchun. "Gerkules" ning 40 dan ortiq variantlari, shu jumladan fuqarolik versiyalari sifatida sotilgan Lockheed L-100, 60 dan ortiq mamlakatlarda faoliyat yuritadi.

C-130 1956 yilda AQSh bilan xizmatga kirishdi, undan keyin Avstraliya va boshqa ko'plab mamlakatlar. Xizmat qilgan yillarida Herkul oilasi ko'plab harbiy, fuqarolik va gumanitar yordam operatsiyalar. 2007 yilda C-130 beshinchi samolyot bo'ldi[N 1] 50 yillik uzluksiz xizmatni o'zining asl mijozi bilan nishonlash uchun C-130 uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari. C-130 Hercules - so'nggi 60 yil ichida doimiy ravishda ishlab chiqarilgan eng uzoq vaqt davomida ishlab chiqarilgan harbiy samolyot Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules hozirda ishlab chiqarilmoqda.[4]

Loyihalash va ishlab chiqish

Ma'lumotlar va talablar

The Koreya urushi buni ko'rsatdi Ikkinchi jahon urushi -era pistonli dvigatel transport vositalari—Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars, Duglas C-47 Skytrains va Curtiss C-46 komandalari - endi etarli emas edi. Shunday qilib, 1951 yil 2 fevralda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari ga yangi transport uchun umumiy operatsion talabni (GOR) chiqardi Boeing, Duglas, Fairchild, Lokid, Martin, Chase Aircraft, Shimoliy Amerika, Northrop va Airlifts Inc.

Yangi transport 92 yo'lovchiga, 72 jangovar qo'shinga yoki 64 kishiga mo'ljallangan desantchilar uzunligi taxminan 41 fut (12 m), balandligi 9 fut (2,7 m) va eni 10 fut (3,0 m) bo'lgan yuk bo'linmasida. Yo'lovchi samolyotlaridan olinadigan transportlardan farqli o'laroq, u fyuzelyajning orqa qismidagi menteşeli yuk ko'taruvchi rampadan yuklanadigan jangovar transport sifatida maxsus ishlab chiqilishi kerak edi. Katta samolyotlar uchun sezilarli avans - bu samolyotning kiritilishi edi turboprop elektr stansiyasi Allison T56 C-130 uchun ishlab chiqilgan. Bu samolyotga a dan kattaroq masofani taqdim etdi turbojet vosita kamroq yoqilg'ini ishlatganligi sababli. Turboprop dvigatellari, shuningdek, og'irligi uchun pistonli dvigatellarga qaraganda ancha ko'p quvvat ishlab chiqardi. Biroq, T56 uchun tanlangan turboprop konfiguratsiyasi, pervanesi kompressorga ulangan bo'lsa, dvigatel ishlamay qolsa, samolyotning konstruktsiyasini buzishi mumkin edi. Shamollash pervanesinin ortiqcha tortilishini kamaytirish uchun xavfsizlik moslamalarini kiritish kerak edi.[5]

Dizayn bosqichi

Hercules to'rt motorli kattaroq versiyasiga o'xshardi C-123 provayderi dan rivojlangan shunga o'xshash qanot va yuk tashish rampasi sxemasi bilan Chase XCG-20 Avitruc o'z navbatida, birinchi bo'lib 1947 yilda yuk tashuvchi planer sifatida ishlab chiqilgan va uchgan.[6] The Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter orqa panduslarga ega edi, bu transport vositalarini samolyotda haydashga imkon berdi (shuningdek, oldinga o'tish yo'li bilan FZR 124 ). Herkul ustidagi rampa shuningdek, yuklarni tashish uchun ishlatilgan, unga a Past balandlikdagi parashyut-ekstraksiya tizimi uchun Sheridan tanklari va hatto katta improvizatsiyani tashlab yuborish "romashka kesuvchisi "Lockheed" yangi yuk samolyoti 1100 nmi (1270 milya; 2040 km) masofani bosib o'tdi va u qisqa va tayyor bo'lmagan chiziqlardan ishlay oldi.

Fairchild, Shimoliy Amerika, Martin va Northrop ishtirok etishdan bosh tortdi. Qolgan beshta kompaniya jami o'nta dizaynni taklif qildi: Lockheed ikkitasi, Boeing bitta, Chase uch, Duglas uchta va Airlifts Inc. Ushbu tanlov ikkita Lockheed (L-206 loyihasining dastlabki belgisi) taklifi bilan to'rt turbopropli Duglas dizayni o'rtasida yaqin aloqada bo'ldi.

Lockheed dizayn jamoasi rahbarlik qildi Uillis Xokkins uchun 130 sahifali taklifdan boshlab Lockheed L-206.[7] Hall Xibbar, Lockheed vitse-prezidenti va bosh muhandisi taklifni ko'rib, uni yo'naltirdi Kelli Jonson, past tezlikli, qurolsiz samolyotlarga ahamiyat bermagan va "Agar siz ushbu xatga imzo cheksangiz, Lockheed kompaniyasini yo'q qilasiz" deb ta'kidlagan.[7] Ikkala Hibbard ham, Jonson ham ushbu taklifni imzoladilar va kompaniya 1951 yil 2-iyulda hozirda belgilangan Model 82 uchun shartnomani yutib oldi.[8]

C-130 Gerkules parvoz kemasi. Da namoyish etilgan samolyotlar Norvegiya qurolli kuchlari samolyotlari to'plami

Ning birinchi parvozi YC-130 prototip 1954 yil 23-avgustda qilingan Lokid o'simlik Burbank, Kaliforniya. Samolyot, ishlab chiqarish raqami 53-3397, ikkinchi prototip edi, lekin ikkitadan birinchi bo'lib uchib ketdi. YC-130 samolyoti 61 daqiqalik parvozida Stenli Belts va Roy Vimmer tomonidan boshqarilgan Edvards havo kuchlari bazasi; Jek Real va Dik Stanton parvoz muhandisi sifatida xizmat qilgan. Kelli Jonson a Lockheed P2V Neptun.[9]

Ikki prototip qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, ishlab chiqarish boshlandi Marietta, Gruziya Bu erda 2009 yilgacha 2300 dan ortiq C-130 ishlab chiqarilgan.[10]

Dastlabki ishlab chiqarish modeli FZR 130A, tomonidan quvvatlandi Allison T56 -A-9 uch pichoqli turboproplar pervaneler va dastlab prototiplarning to'mtoq burni bilan jihozlangan. Yetkazib berish 1956 yil dekabrida boshlanib, joriy etilgunga qadar davom etdi C-130B 1959 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan model. Ba'zi A modellari jihozlangan chang'ilar va qayta tayinlangan C-130D. C-130A bilan ishlay boshlaganda Taktik havo qo'mondonligi (TAC), C-130 ning etishmasligi aniq bo'ldi va dvigatellarning tashqi qanotli plyonkali tanklari bilan qo'shimcha yonilg'i quvvati qo'shildi; bu umumiy quvvati 40,000 funt (18,140 kg) uchun 6000 funt (2,720 kg) yoqilg'i quvvatini qo'shdi.[11]

Yaxshilangan versiyalar

A Michigan Air National Guard C-130E o'zining mash'alalarini past darajadagi o'quv missiyasi paytida yuboradi
Janubiy Koreyada ikkita C-130 Hercules
C-130 tungi parvoz vazifasini bajaradi Yokota aviabazasi

C-130B modeli ilgari etkazib berilgan A-modellarni to'ldirish uchun ishlab chiqilgan va yangi xususiyatlarni o'z ichiga olgan, xususan markaziy qanot qismida va o'zgaruvchan tokning elektr tizimida o'rnatilgan yordamchi idishlar shaklida yoqilg'ining quvvatini oshirish. To'rt pichoqli Hamilton Standard pervaneleri avvalgi A-modellarini ajratib turadigan Aeroproducts uchta pichoqli vintlarini almashtirdi. C-130B bo'lgan aileronlar 2050 psi (14,1 MPa) dan 3000 ga ko'tarilgan gidravlik bosim bilan ishlaydipsi (21 MPa ), shuningdek, J-modeligacha standart bo'lgan modernizatsiya qilingan dvigatellar va to'rt pichoqli pervaneler.

B modeli dastlab "uchib ketgan boshqaruvlar" ga ega bo'lishi kerak edi, bu tizim sekin parvoz paytida ularning samaradorligini oshirish uchun yuqori bosimli havoni boshqaruvchi yuzalar ustidan puflaydi. NC-130B prototipi samolyotida er-xotin T-56 turbinasi bilan sinovdan o'tkazildi, qo'nish paytida boshqaruv tizimi va qopqoqlariga kanal tizimi orqali yuqori bosimli havo etkazib berdi. Bu qo'nish tezligini atigi 63 tugunga qadar qisqartirdi va qo'nish masofasini ikkiga qisqartirdi. Tizim hech qachon xizmatga kirmagan, chunki u samolyot uchish ko'rsatkichini xuddi shu marj bilan yaxshilamagan va agar samolyot ham qo'ngan joyidan uchib chiqa olmasa, qo'nish ko'rsatkichini ma'nosiz qiladi.[12]

C-130B ning elektron razvedka varianti C-130B-II deb nomlangan. Jami 13 ta samolyot konvertatsiya qilindi. C-130B-II yolg'onchi tashqi qanotli yonilg'i tanklari bilan ajralib turardi, ular niqoblangan razvedka signallari (SIGINT) qabul qiluvchi antennalari bo'lgan. Ushbu podalar boshqa C-130B-larda topilgan standart qanot tanklaridan biroz kattaroq edi. Aksariyat samolyotlarda yuqori fyuzelyajda supurilgan pichoqli antenna, shuningdek, boshqa C-130larda bo'lmagan vertikal fin va yuqori fyuzelyaj o'rtasida qo'shimcha simli antennalar mavjud edi. Ushbu samolyotning dumidagi radio qo'ng'iroq raqamlari kuzatuvchilarni chalg'itishi va ularning asl vazifalarini yashirishi uchun muntazam ravishda o'zgartirilib turilgan.

Keng qamrovli FZR 130E Model 1962 yilda harbiy havo transporti xizmati uchun uzoq muddatli transport sifatida ishlab chiqilgandan so'ng xizmatga kirdi. Aslida B-modelining yangi nomi 1360 AQSh-ni o'rnatish natijasidir gal (5 150 L) Sarjent Fletcher har bir qanotning o'rtasi ostidagi va undan kuchliroq tashqi yonilg'i baklari Allison T56-A-7A turboproplari. Shlangi ko'tarish bosimi aileronlar tashqi qanotlarning o'rtacha qanotlari orasidagi og'irligi natijasida yana 2050 psi (14,1 MPa) ga tushirildi. E modeli shuningdek tarkibiy yaxshilanishlarni namoyish etdi, avionika yangilanishlar va undan yuqori brüt og'irlik. 1966 yildan 67 yilgacha Avstraliyada 12 ta C-130A modelini RAAF bilan to'ldirish uchun 12 ta C130E Gerkules etkazib berildi. Shvetsiya va Ispaniya C-130E rusumidagi havoga yonilg'i quyish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lgan TP-84T versiyasini boshqaradi.

The KC-130 tankerlar, dastlab C-130F uchun sotib olingan AQSh dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari (USMC) 1958 yilda (nom ostida) GV-1) olinadigan 3,600 AQSh gali (13,626 L) bilan jihozlangan zanglamaydigan po'lat yonilg'i idishi yuk bo'linmasi ichida olib yurilgan. Ikkita qanotga o'rnatilgan shlang va samolyotda yonilg'i quyish po'choqlari har birida bir vaqtning o'zida 300 AQSh galgacha (daqiqada 1.136 L) ikkita samolyotga uzatiladi, bu esa ko'p qabul qiluvchi samolyot shakllanishining tez aylanish vaqtini ta'minlashga imkon beradi, (to'rtta tankerning odatiy shakllanishi 30 daqiqadan kamroq vaqt ichida samolyot). The AQSh dengiz kuchlari "s C-130G og'irligi yuqori ishlashga imkon beradigan tizimli quvvatni oshirdi.

Keyingi o'zgarishlar

Avstraliya qirollik havo kuchlari C-130H, 2007 yil

The C-130H modeli Allison T56-A-15 turboproplarini yangiladi, tashqi qiyofasi qayta ishlangan qanot, yangilangan avionika va boshqa kichik yaxshilanishlar. Keyinchalik H modellar charchoqni yaxshilaydigan, ilgari ko'plab H-modellarga moslashtirilgan markaziy qanotga ega edi. Tuzilmaviy sabablarga ko'ra, ba'zi modellar og'ir yuklarni tashishda kam miqdordagi yoqilg'i bilan erga tushishni talab qiladi va foydalanishga yaroqliligini kamaytiradi.[13] H modeli bilan keng tarqalgan bo'lib qolmoqda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari (USAF) va ko'plab xorijiy havo kuchlari. Dastlabki etkazib berishlar 1964 yilda boshlangan RNZAF ) ishlab chiqarishda 1996 yilgacha qolgan. Yaxshilangan C-130H 1974 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, 1978 yilda Avstraliya dastlab kiritilgan 12 ta C-130A rusumidagi modellarning o'rniga 1978 yilda 12 turini sotib olgan. Avstraliya qirollik havo kuchlari 1958 yilda (RAAF) xizmati. AQSh Sohil xavfsizlik xizmati HC-130H-ni uzoq muddatli qidirish va qutqarish, giyohvand moddalarni taqiqlash, noqonuniy migrantlar patrul xizmati, ichki xavfsizlik va moddiy-texnik ta'minot uchun ishlaydi.

Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari sohil xavfsizligi HC-130H

1992 yildan 1996 yilgacha ishlab chiqarilgan C-130H modellari USAF tomonidan C-130H3 sifatida belgilangan. H seriyali dizayndagi uchinchi o'zgarishni bildiruvchi "3". Yaxshilashlar kiritilgan halqa lazerli gyros uchun INUlar, GPS qabul qiluvchilar, qisman shisha kokpit (ADI va HSI asboblari), yanada qobiliyatli APN-241 rangli radar, tungi ko'rish moslamasi mos keladigan asbob yoritgichi va o'rnatilgan radar va raketalarni ogohlantirish tizimi. Elektr tizimining yangilanishi jeneratörni boshqarish bloklarini (GCU) va avtobusni almashtirish bloklarini (BSU) o'z ichiga olgan bo'lib, sezgirroq yangilangan qismlarga barqaror quvvatni taqdim etdi.[14]

Qirollik havo kuchlari C-130K (C.3)

Buyuk Britaniyaga eksport qilish uchun ekvivalent model bu C-130K, tomonidan tanilgan Qirollik havo kuchlari (RAF) sifatida Gerkules C.1. The FZR 130H-30 (Gerkules C.3 RAF xizmatida) - bu Herkulning cho'zilgan versiyasidir, bu kokpitning 100 dyuymli (2.54 m) vilkasini va fyuzelyajning orqa qismidagi 80 (2.03 m) vilkasini kiritish orqali erishiladi. Tomonidan bitta C-130K sotib olingan Office bilan uchrashdim sifatida tasniflangan meteorologik tadqiqot parvozi tomonidan foydalanish uchun Gerkules W.2. Ushbu samolyot jiddiy ravishda o'zgartirilgan (eng ko'zga ko'ringan xususiyati burundagi uzun qizil va oq chiziqli atmosfera zondidir va ob-havo radarining old fyuzelyaj ustidagi podaga o'tishi). Ushbu samolyot nomini olgan Snoopy, 2001 yilda olib qo'yilgan va keyinchalik o'zgartirilgan Kembrij aerokosmik marshali uchun parvoz-sinov maydonchasi sifatida A400M turbinali dvigatel TP400. C-130K dan foydalaniladi RAF Falcons parashyut tomchilari uchun. Uchta C-130K (Hercules C Mk.1P) modernizatsiya qilindi va 2002 yilda Avstriya havo kuchlariga sotildi.[15]

Kengaytirilgan modellar

The MC-130E jangovar talon davomida USAF uchun ishlab chiqilgan Vetnam urushi qo'llab quvvatlamoq maxsus operatsiyalar Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyodagi missiyalar va ikkalasiga ham olib keldi MC-130H jangovar talon II shuningdek, boshqa maxsus missiyalar samolyotlari oilasi. Hozirda bilan ishlaydigan eng dastlabki modellarning 37 tasi Havo kuchlari maxsus operatsiyalar qo'mondonligi (AFSOC) o'rnini yangi ishlab chiqarilgan MC-130J versiyalari bilan almashtirish rejalashtirilgan. The EC-130 Commando yakkaxon bu faqat AFSOC tomonidan qo'lga kiritilgan qanot tomonidan boshqarilgan bo'lsa-da, AFSOC tarkibidagi yana bir maxsus topshiriqlar variantidir Pensilvaniya Air National Guard Bu tijorat chastotalari orqali xabarlarni uzatishga qodir bo'lgan havo radiostantsiyasi va televizion stantsiyalar sifatida jihozlangan psixologik operatsiyalar / axborot operatsiyalari (PSYOP / IO) platformasi. Ning boshqa versiyalari EC-130, eng muhimi EC-130H kompas chaqiruvi, shuningdek, maxsus variantlardir, lekin ga tayinlangan Havo jangovar qo'mondonligi (ACC). The AC-130 qurol davomida birinchi bo'lib ishlab chiqilgan Vetnam urushi ta'minlash uchun yaqin havo qo'llab-quvvatlashi va boshqalar yerga hujum vazifalar.

USAF HC-130P yonilg'i quyish a HH-60G Pavehawk vertolyot

The HC-130 USAF va AQSh qirg'oq qo'riqchilari tomonidan ishlatiladigan uzoq masofali qidirish va qutqarish variantlari oilasi. Ni chuqur joylashtirish uchun jihozlangan Pararescuemen (PJs), omon qolish uchun uskunalar va (USAF versiyalari holatida) jangovar qutqaruv vertolyotlariga havoda yonilg'i quyish, HC-130 samolyotlari odatda jangovar SAR missiyalari (faqat USAF) va jangovar bo'lmagan SAR (USAF va USCG). Dastlabki USAF versiyalari ham bilan jihozlangan Fultonni havodan tiklash tizimi, geliy balonidan uzilgan sim yordamida odamni yerdan tortib olish uchun mo'ljallangan. Jon Ueyn filmi Yashil beretlar uning ishlatilish xususiyatlari. Vertolyotlarga havo orqali yonilg'i quyish yanada xavfsiz va ko'p qirrali bo'lganida, keyinchalik Fulton tizimi olib tashlandi. Kino Zo'r bo'ron a-ga havo orqali yonilg'i quyishni o'z ichiga olgan haqiqiy SAR missiyasini tasvirlaydi Nyu-York Air National Guard HH-60G Nyu-York Air National Guard HC-130P tomonidan.

The C-130R va C-130T AQSh dengiz kuchlari va USMC modellari, ikkalasi ham tashqi yonilg'i tanklari bilan jihozlangan. USN C-130T shunga o'xshash, ammo qo'shimcha avionik yaxshilanishlarga ega. Ikkala modelda ham samolyotlar Allison T56-A-16 dvigatellari bilan jihozlangan. USMC versiyalari tayinlangan KC-130R yoki KC-130T suv osti yonilg'i quyish podalari va tirgaklari bilan jihozlanganda va to'liq tungi ko'rish tizim mos.

RC-130 a razvedka versiyasi. Bitta misol Eron Islom Respublikasi havo kuchlari, dastlab samolyot avvalgisiga sotilgan Imperator Eron havo kuchlari.

The Lockheed L-100 (L-382) harbiy-texnikasiz C-130E modeliga teng bo'lgan fuqarolik variantidir. L-100-da ikkita cho'zilgan versiyasi mavjud.

Keyingi avlod

Asosiy maqola: Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules

1970-yillarda Lockheed C-130 variantini taklif qildi turbofan turboproplardan ko'ra dvigatellar, ammo AQSh Havo Kuchlari mavjud samolyotlarning uchish ko'rsatkichlarini afzal ko'rdilar. 1980-yillarda C-130 rusumli samolyotni almashtirishga mo'ljallangan edi Murakkab O'rta STOL transporti loyiha. Loyiha bekor qilindi va C-130 ishlab chiqarishda qoldi.

Olingan saboqlarga asoslanib, Lockheed Martin C-130 rusumidagi tijorat variantini yuqori texnologiyali sinov to'shagiga o'zgartirdi (HTTB). Ushbu sinov samolyoti ko'plab qisqa parvoz va qo'nish ko'rsatkichlarini o'rnatdi va C-130 ning kelajakdagi hosilalari uchun ma'lumotlar bazasini sezilarli darajada kengaytirdi.[16] HTTB-ga kiritilgan o'zgartirishlarga kengaytirilgan akkord rilyonlari, uzun akkord ruli, tezkor ta'sir etuvchi ikki tirqishli orqadagi chekka qopqoqlar, yuqori kamerali qanotning etakchi kengaytmasi, kattaroq dumaloq fin va dorsal suyaklar, har biriga uchta spoyler paneli qo'shildi. qanot ustki yuzasi, uzoq zarbali magistral va burni qo'nish tizimi va parvozlarni boshqarish tizimidagi o'zgarishlar va gidravlik kuchaytirish yordamida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mexanik bog'lanishlardan to'liq quvvatli boshqaruvga o'tish, bu erda parvoz stantsiyasining boshqaruv elementlaridan mexanik bog'lanishlar ishlaydi tegishli kuchaytirgichning gidravlik boshqaruv vanalari.[17] HTTB birinchi marta 1984 yil 19-iyun kuni N130X fuqarolik holatini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish bilan uchgan. Ko'pgina yangi texnologiyalarni namoyish qilgandan so'ng, ularning ba'zilari C-130J ga tatbiq etilgandan so'ng, HTTB 1993 yil 3 fevralda, halokatli avariyada yo'qoldi. Dobbins havo zaxiralari bazasi, Marietta, Gruziya.[18] Halokat rulni uchib ketishni boshqarish tizimining ishdan chiqishi bilan izohlandi, natijada er usti minimal boshqarish tezligi sinovlarini (Vmcg) o'tkazishda rulni boshqarish qobiliyati umuman yo'qoldi. Ishdan bo'shatish rulni ishlab chiqaruvchisi tomonidan birlashtirilgan aktuator paketining etarli darajada ishlab chiqilmaganligi natijasida yuzaga keldi; operatorning tizim xavfsizligini etarli darajada tekshirmasligi, barcha ish rejimlariga mos kelmagan dizayni oqibatlarini ko'rib chiqa olmadi. Avariyaga sabab bo'lgan omil, parvoz ekipajining parvozlarni sinovdan o'tkazish bo'yicha muhandislik mashg'ulotlarining etishmasligi edi.[19]

1990-yillarda yaxshilandi C-130J Super Gerkules Lockheed (keyinchalik Lockheed Martin) tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Ushbu model eng yangi versiya va ishlab chiqarishdagi yagona modeldir. Tashqi ko'rinishiga ko'ra klassik Gerkulesga o'xshash J modeli yangi turboprop dvigatellarga, oltita pichoqli pervanellarga, raqamli avionikalarga va boshqa yangi tizimlarga ega.[iqtibos kerak ]

Yangilanishlar va o'zgarishlar

2000 yilda Boeing kompaniyasi a 1,4 milliard dollar C-130 uchun Avionics modernizatsiya dasturining to'plamini ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha shartnoma. Dastur 2007 yilda qayta tuzilgunga qadar kechikishlar va ortiqcha xarajatlar bilan ta'minlangan.[20] 2009 yil 2 sentyabrda, Bloomberg Yangiliklar F-35, CV-22 va havodagi tankerlarni almashtirish dasturlari uchun ko'proq mablag 'ajratish uchun rejalashtirilgan Avionics Modernization Program (AMP) ning eski C-130 samolyotlariga yangilanishi to'xtatilishi haqida xabar berdi.[21] Biroq, 2010 yil iyun oyida, Mudofaa vazirligi AMP-ni yangilash to'plamlarini dastlabki ishlab chiqarish uchun tasdiqlangan mablag '.[22][23] Ushbu kelishuv shartlariga binoan, USAF Boeing-ni C-130 AMP uchun past stavkali dastlabki ishlab chiqarishni (LRIP) boshlash uchun bo'shatdi. Jami 198 ta samolyotda AMP yangilanishi kutilmoqda. Bir samolyot uchun hozirgi narx 14 million AQSh dollari Boeing 69-chi samolyot uchun ushbu narx 7 million AQSh dollarigacha pasayishini kutmoqda.[20]

2000-yillarda Lockheed Martin va AQSh Havo kuchlari C-130 samolyotlarini sakkiz pichoq bilan jihozlash va jihozlashni boshladilar UTC aerokosmik tizimlari NP2000 pervaneleri.[24]

T56 dvigatelida yoqilg'ini tejash va past haroratni ta'minlash uchun dvigatelni takomillashtirish dasturi tasdiqlandi va AQSh havo kuchlari 2 milliard dollar tejashni va parkning ishlash muddatini uzaytirishni kutmoqda.[25]

O'zgartirish

2010 yil oktyabr oyida Harbiy-havo kuchlari C-130 o'rnini bosadigan yangi havo ko'taruvchini ishlab chiqish uchun ma'lumot olish uchun (CRFI) imkoniyatlar so'rovini e'lon qildi. Yangi samolyot 190 foizga ko'proq foydali yuk ko'tarishi va o'rnatilgan vertikal manevr (MVM) vazifasini o'z zimmasiga olishi kerak. Katta yuk va vazifa unga o'rta vaznli zirhli transport vositalarini olib yurish va ularni uzoq uchish-qo'nish yo'lagi bo'lmagan joylarga tushirish imkonini beradi. Har xil variantlar ko'rib chiqilmoqda, jumladan yangi yoki takomillashtirilgan sobit qanotli dizaynlar, rotorli avtoulovlar, tiltrotorlar, yoki hatto dirijabl. Rivojlanish 2014 yilda boshlanib, 2024 yilga qadar ishga tushirilishi mumkin. 450 ga yaqin samolyotdan iborat C-130 parki atigi 250 ta samolyot bilan almashtiriladi.[26] Havo kuchlari 1970-yillarda C-130 rusumli samolyotni almashtirishga urinishgan Murakkab O'rta STOL transporti natijasi bo'lgan loyiha C-17 Globemaster III Buning o'rniga C-141 Starlifter.[27] The Havo kuchlari tadqiqot laboratoriyasi uchun Lockheed va Boeing namoyishchilari tomonidan moliyalashtirildi Tezlik konsepsiyasi, uzunligi 2000 fut (610 m) dan kam bo'lgan aerodromlarda 70 kn (130 km / soat; 81 milya) past tezlikda uchib, qo'nadigan STOL samolyotini va Mach 0.8- da sayohat qilishni maqsad qilgan. ortiqcha. Boeing loyihasi ichki qanotga o'rnatilgan dvigatellardan yuqori shamollatish va tashqi qanotda aylanishni boshqarish uchun puflangan qanotlardan foydalanilgan. Lockheed-ning dizayni shuningdek, tashqarida puflangan qanotlarni ishlatgan, ammo ichki qismida patentlangan teskari burilish nayzalari ishlatilgan. 2009 yil oxirida Boeing dizayni 2000 soatdan ortiq vaqt davomida shamolni shamollarni sinovdan o'tkazishni yakunladi. Bu 55000 funt (25000 kg) foydali yukga ega bo'lgan tor tanali dizaynning 5 foizli o'lchovli modeli edi. AFRL yukni ko'tarish talabini 65000 funt (29000 kg) ga oshirganda, ular og'irligi 303000 funt (137000 kg) bo'lgan "keng tanasi dizayni" ning 5 foizli modelini sinovdan o'tkazdilar. "A400M - o'lchamlari "158 dyuymli (4,0 m) yuk qutisi. U to'rttadan ishlaydi IAE V2533 turbofanlar.[28] 2011 yil avgust oyida AFRL Lockheed Speed ​​Agile kontseptsiyasi namoyishchisining rasmlarini chiqardi. 23% o'lchovli model, og'irligi va yaxshi aerodinamikani kamaytirish uchun past mexanik yig'ish bilan past tortishish samolyotini birlashtirgan gibrid quvvatli liftni namoyish qilish uchun shamol tunnel sinovlaridan o'tdi. Model to'rtta dvigatelga ega edi, shu jumladan ikkitasi Uilyams FJ44 turbofanlar.[27][29] 2013 yil 26 martda Boingga supurilgan qanotli ko'taruvchi samolyotlari uchun patent berildi.[30]

2014 yil yanvar oyida, Havo harakatlanish qo'mondonligi, Havo kuchlari Materiel qo'mondonligi va Havo kuchlari tadqiqot laboratoriyasi keyingi avlod C-X airlifter dasturi uchun talablarni belgilashning dastlabki bosqichida edi[31] ikkala C-130 va C-17 ni almashtirish uchun. 2030-yillarning boshidan 2040-yillarga qadar samolyot ishlab chiqarilishi kerak edi. Agar bahsli havo maydonida ishlashga talablar qabul qilinsa, C-130 samolyotlarini sotib olish o'ninchi yil oxiriga kelib, ularni 2030 yillarga qadar ishlatib bo'lmaydigan bo'lib qoladi va ular ushbu muhitda ishlashga qodir bo'lmaganda ishlaydi. Havo kemasining rivojlanishi asosan armiyaning "taktik va operatsion manevr" rejalariga bog'liq. Taktik va strategik vazifalarni alohida bajarish uchun ikkita turli xil yuk samolyotlari yaratilishi mumkin edi, ammo qaysi yo'nalishni tanlashni C-17 samolyotlari nafaqaga chiqishidan oldin hal qilish kerak.[32] Braziliya o'zining C-130 samolyotlarini 28 ta yangisiga almashtirmoqda Embraer KC-390s.[33] Portugaliya xuddi shu narsani qilmoqda.[34]

Operatsion tarixi

Harbiy

USMC KC-130F Hercules samolyot tashuvchisiga uchish va qo'nishni amalga oshirmoqda Forrestal 1963 yilda. Samolyot endi Milliy dengiz aviatsiyasi muzeyi.

C-130A ishlab chiqarish samolyotlarining birinchi partiyasi 1956 yildan boshlab etkazib berildi 463d qo'shin tashuvchisi qanoti Ardmore AFB, Oklaxoma va 314-chi qo'shin tashuvchisi qanoti da Sewart AFB, Tennessi. Oltita qo'shimcha otryad tayinlandi 322d havo bo'limi Evropada va 315-havo bo'limi Uzoq Sharqda. Elektron razvedka ishi uchun qo'shimcha samolyotlar o'zgartirildi va tayinlandi Reyn-Main aviabazasi, Germaniya o'zgartirilgan RC-130A esa tayinlangan Harbiy havo transporti xizmati (MATS) foto-xaritalash bo'limi. C-130A 1956 yil dekabrida AQSh havo kuchlari bilan xizmatga kirdi.[35]

1958 yilda AQShning C-130A-II razvedkasi 7406-yordamchi otryad edi Armaniston ustidan urib tushirilgan to'rt Sovet tomonidan MiG-17 muntazam topshiriq paytida Turkiya-Armaniston chegarasi bo'ylab.[36]

Avstraliya Amerika bo'lmagan birinchi kuchga aylandi C-130A Gerkulesni boshqaring 1958 yil oxiridan boshlab keltirilgan 12 ta misol bilan Kanada qirollik havo kuchlari 1960 yil oktyabr / noyabr oylarida to'rtta B-modelini (Kanadadagi C-130 Mk I belgisi) etkazib berish bilan yana bir erta foydalanuvchiga aylandi.[37]

1963 yilda Gerkules samolyotga qo'ngan eng katta va eng og'ir samolyot rekordini qo'lga kiritdi va saqlaydi samolyot tashuvchisi.[38] O'sha yilning oktyabr va noyabr oylarida USMC KC-130F (BuNo.) 149798), AQSh dengiz-havo sinovlari markaziga qarzga berilgan, 29 ni tashkil etdi teginish va qo'nish qo'nishi, 21 qo'lga olinmagan to'liq to'xtash joylari va 21 samolyot uchishsiz Forrestal turli xil og'irliklarda.[39][40] Uchuvchi, leytenant (keyinchalik kontr-admiral) Jeyms H. Flatley III, USN, mukofot bilan taqdirlandi Hurmatli Flying Cross ushbu test seriyasidagi roli uchun. Sinovlar juda muvaffaqiyatli bo'ldi, ammo bu g'oya odatdagidek juda xavfli deb hisoblandi samolyotni etkazib berish (COD) operatsiyalari. Buning o'rniga Grumman C-2 Greyhound maxsus COD samolyoti sifatida ishlab chiqilgan. Sinovda ishlatiladigan Herkul, yaqinda Marine Aerial Refueler Squadron 352 xizmatida (VMGR-352 ) 2005 yilgacha, hozirda kollektsiyaning bir qismidir Milliy dengiz aviatsiyasi muzeyi da Pensakola NAS, Florida.

1964 yilda 6315-operatsiya guruhining C-130 ekipajlari Naha aviabazasi, Okinava boshlandi oldinga havo boshqaruvi (FAC; "Flare") missiyalari Xoshimin izi Laosda USAF zarba beradigan samolyotlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi. 1965 yil aprel oyida missiya kengaytirildi Shimoliy Vetnam bu erda C-130 ekipajlari birlashmalarni boshqargan Martin B-57 Kanberra tungi razvedkada bombardimonchi samolyotlar Janubiy Vetnamga olib boradigan kommunistik ta'minot yo'nalishlariga qarshi. 1966 yil boshida "Blind Bat / Chiroq" loyihasi tashkil etildi Ubon Tailand qirollik aviabazasi, Tailand. Ubonga ko'chib o'tgandan so'ng, missiya to'rtta motorli FAC missiyasiga aylandi, C-130 ekipaji maqsadlarni qidirib topdi va keyin samolyotlarni hujumga chaqirdi. Nahada joylashgan ekipajlar tomonidan olib borilgan yana bir taniqli C-130 missiyasi bu "Commando Scarf" operatsiyasi bo'lib, u Laosdagi Ho Chi Minh yo'lining qismlariga kimyoviy moddalar etkazib berishni o'z ichiga olgan bo'lib, ular yuk mashinalari yo'nalishlarini yaratish umidida loy va ko'chkilarni ishlab chiqarishga mo'ljallangan. o'tib bo'lmaydigan.[iqtibos kerak ]

1964 yil noyabrda, dunyoning boshqa tomonida, 464-sonli harbiy tashuvchi qanotining C-130Es samolyotlari qarz oldi, ammo 322d havo bo'limi Frantsiyada ishtirok etdi Dragon Rouge operatsiyasi, tarixdagi eng dramatik vazifalardan biri Belgiya Kongosi. Kommunistikadan keyin Simba isyonchilari shahrining oq tanli aholisini oldi Stenlivil garovga olingan AQSh va Belgiya qo'shinlarini qutqarish missiyasini ishlab chiqdilar, u C-130 samolyotlarini tushirish, quruqlikka tushirish va havo ko'tarish uchun ishlatgan. Belgiyalik garovga olinganlarni qutqarish uchun desantchilar. Ikkita missiya uchib ketdi, biri Stenlivill ustida, ikkinchisi esa Paulis minnatdorchilik haftalari davomida.[41] Sarlavha yaratish vazifasi nufuzli birinchi mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi MacKay Trophy C-130 ekipajlariga.

In 1965 yildagi Hind-Pokiston urushi, 6-sonli transport otryadining Pokiston havo kuchlari 20-funt (9,072 kg) gacha bo'lgan bombalarni poddonlarda olib yurish uchun bombardimonchi sifatida foydalanish uchun C-130B-ni o'zgartirdi. Ushbu qo'lbola bombardimonchilar Hindistonning ko'priklari, og'ir artilleriya pozitsiyalari, tanklar tarkiblari va qo'shinlarning konsentratsiyasi kabi maqsadlariga zarba berish uchun ishlatilgan.[42][43][44] Ba'zi C-130 samolyotlari o'zlarining rampalariga o'rnatilgan zenit qurollari bilan uchib ketishdi va aftidan 17 samolyotni urib tushirgan va 16 samolyotga zarar etkazishgan.[45]

C-130 Herkul ishlatilgan Xam Dyuk jangi 1968 yilda Shimoliy Vetnam armiyasi AQSh boshchiligidagi kuchlarni Xam Dyuk maxsus kuchlari lageridan voz kechishga majbur qilganida.

1968 yil oktyabr oyida 463rd Tactical Airlift Wing-dan C-130Bs samolyotining bir juftini tashladi M-121 Katta massa uchun ishlab chiqarilgan 10 000 funt (4,500 kg) bomba Convair B-36 tinchlikparvar bombardimonchi, ammo hech qachon ishlatilmagan. AQSh armiyasi va AQSh havo kuchlari vertolyotlar uchun qo'nish zonalarini tozalash vositasi sifatida ulkan qurollarni tiriltirdi va 1969 yil boshida 463-chi boshlandi Commando Vault missiyalar. COMMANDO VAULTning belgilangan maqsadi LZ-larni tozalash bo'lsa-da, ular dushman bazasi lagerlarida va boshqa maqsadlarda ham ishlatilgan.[iqtibos kerak ]

1960-yillarning oxirlarida AQSh Xitoyning yadroviy imkoniyatlari to'g'risida ma'lumot olishga intildi. Muvaffaqiyatsiz tugaganidan keyin Qora mushuk otryad ga yaqin ishlaydigan datchik podalarini ekish uchun Lop Nur A yordamida yadro qurollarini sinovdan o'tkazish bazasi Lockheed U-2, Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi nomli reja tuzdi Og'ir choy, taglik yaqinida batareyadan ishlaydigan ikkita datchik sxemasini joylashtirish uchun. Palletlarni joylashtirish uchun AQShda Black-Bat Squadron ekipaji C-130 Hercules-ni uchirish uchun o'qitildi. Pol Sun Pei Zhen boshchiligidagi 12 kishilik ekipaj uchib ketdi Taxli Tailand Qirollik harbiy-havo bazasi 1969 yil 17-mayda AQSh Havo Kuchlarining belgilanmagan C-130E samolyotida. Qorong'ida past balandlikda olti yarim soat davomida uchib, ular nishonga etib kelishdi va sensori poddonlari Gansu provinsiyasidagi Anxi yaqinida parashyut bilan tashlab yuborildi. Yana olti yarim soatlik past balandlikdagi parvozdan so'ng, ular Taxliga qaytib kelishdi. Datchiklar batareyalari ishlamay qolguniga qadar olti oy davomida AQSh razvedkasining sun'iy yo'ldoshiga ishlagan va ma'lumotlarni yuklagan. Xitoyliklar 1969 yil 22 sentyabrda va 1969 yil 29 sentyabrda ikkita yadro sinovlarini o'tkazdilar. Hududga yana bir missiya "Oltin qamchi" operatsiyasi sifatida rejalashtirilgan, ammo 1970 yilda to'xtatilgan.[46] Ushbu missiyada ishlatiladigan samolyot C-130E seriya raqami 64-0506 yoki 64-0507 (cn 382-3990 va 382-3991) bo'lishi ehtimoldan yiroq emas. Ushbu ikkita samolyot etkazib berildi Air America 1964 yilda.[47] 1966-1970 yillar oralig'ida AQSh Havo Kuchlariga qaytarilgandan so'ng, ularga baxtsiz hodisalar natijasida yo'q qilingan C-130 samolyotlarining seriya raqamlari berilgan. 64-0506 hozirda Vetnamda 1965 yil 20-dekabrda qulagan C-130E samolyoti, 62-1843 sifatida parvoz qilmoqda va 64-0507 endi 63-7785, 1966 yil 17-iyunda Vetnamda qulagan C-130E sifatida uchmoqda.[48]

A-modeli orqali xizmatni davom ettirdi Vetnam urushi, qaerda samolyot to'rtta otryadga tayinlangan Naha AB, Okinava va bitta Tachikava aviabazasi, Yaponiya yeoman xizmatini, jumladan, Laos va Shimoliy Vetnam ustidan BLIND BAT FAC / Flare missiyasi va FACT SHEET varaqasi missiyasi kabi yuqori darajadagi maxsus operatsiyalarni bajarishni amalga oshirdi. Shuningdek, A modeli taqdim etildi Vetnam Respublikasi havo kuchlari qismi sifatida Vetnamlashtirish urush oxirida dastur va uchta eskadron bilan jihozlangan Tan Son Nxut aviabazasi. Dunyodagi so'nggi operator bu Gonduras havo kuchlari hali ham beshta A modelidan biri bo'lgan Gerkules (FAH) 558, s / n 3042) 2009 yil oktyabr holatiga.[49] Vetnam urushi tugashi bilan, 463-chi qo'shin tashuvchisi / taktik aviatsiya qanotining B-modellari va 374-chi taktik aviatsiya qanotining A-modellari ko'pchilik tayinlangan AQShga qaytarib berildi. Havo kuchlari zaxirasi va Air National Guard birliklar.

AQSh dengiz piyoda piyodalari C-130 transport vositalaridan tushmoqda Da Nang aviabazasi 1965 yil 8 martda

B modeli uchun yana bir muhim rol Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda korpusi, bu erda dastlab Gerkules GV-1 sifatida belgilangan, C-119 o'rnini egallagan. Havo kuchlari C-130D samolyotlaridan so'ng ushbu turdagi samara foydali ekanligini isbotladi Antarktida, AQSh dengiz kuchlari LC-130 sifatida belgilangan chang'ilar bilan jihozlangan bir qator B modellarini sotib oldi. C-130B-II elektron razvedka samolyotlari SUN VALLEY dasturi nomi ostida asosan Yaponiyaning Yokota aviabazasidan foydalanilgan. Ularning barchasi boshqa samolyotlar tomonidan razvedka vazifasini bajargandan so'ng standart C-130B yuk samolyotlariga qaytarildi.

C-130 1976 yilda ham ishlatilgan Entebbe reydi unda Isroil komando kuchlar tomonidan olib qochilgan samolyotning 103 yo'lovchisini qutqarish uchun kutilmagan hujum uyushtirildi Falastin va nemis terrorchilari Entebbe aeroporti, Uganda. Qutqaruv kuchi - 200 askar, jip va qora tanli Mercedes-Benz (Ugandaga o'xshatish uchun mo'ljallangan) Diktator Idi Amin davlat transporti vositasi) - 2200 nmi (4,074 km; 2,532 milya) dan deyarli butunlay Isroildan Entebbegacha 100 fut (30 m) balandlikda uchib o'tgan. Isroil havo kuchlari (IAF) Hercules samolyotlari havoda yonilg'i quyishsiz (orqaga qaytishda samolyot yonilg'i quydi) Nayrobi, Keniya).

Davomida Folklend urushi (Ispaniya: Guerra de las Malvinas) 1982 yil, Argentina havo kuchlari C-130 samolyotlari Argentina garnizoniga blokadada qatnashuvchilar sifatida xavfli tungi reyslarni amalga oshirdilar Folklend orollari. Shuningdek, ular kunduzgi dengiz tadqiqotlari parvozlarini bajarishdi. Bittasini a Qirollik floti Dengiz Harrier foydalanish AIM-9 sidewinders va zambarak. Etti kishilik ekipaj halok bo'ldi. Argentina ikkita KC-130 samolyotini ham boshqargan tankerlar urush paytida va ikkalasi ham yonilg'i quyishgan Duglas A-4 Skyhawks va dengiz floti Dassault-Breguet Super Étendards; ba'zi bir C-130 samolyotlari qanotlari ostida bomba-raflari bo'lgan bombardimonchi sifatida ishlash uchun o'zgartirilgan. Inglizlar shuningdek, ularning logistika ishlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun RAF C-130 samolyotlaridan foydalanganlar.

USMC C-130T Yog 'Albert ijro etish raketa yordamida uchish (RATO)

Davomida Ko'rfaz urushi 1991 yil ("Cho'l bo'roni" operatsiyasi ), C-130 Hercules operatsion sifatida AQSh Havo Kuchlari, AQSh Dengiz kuchlari va AQSh dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari, Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya, Saudiya Arabistoni, Janubiy Koreya va Buyuk Britaniyaning havo kuchlari bilan birgalikda foydalanilgan. The MC-130 jangovar talon variant, shuningdek, eng yirik an'anaviy yordamida birinchi hujumlarni amalga oshirdi bomba dunyoda, BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" va GBU-43 / B "Massion Ordnance Air Blast" (MOAB) bombasi. Daisy Cutters birinchi navbatda qo'nish zonalarini tozalash va yo'q qilish uchun ishlatilgan kon dalalari. Qurollarning vazni va kattaligi ularni an'anaviy ravishda yuklashni imkonsiz yoki amaliy emas bombardimonchilar. GBU-43 / B MOAB BLU-82 ning vorisidir va xuddi shu funktsiyani bajarishi mumkin, shuningdek havo xavfi past muhitda qattiqlashtirilgan maqsadlarga qarshi zarba funktsiyalarini bajarishi mumkin.

1992 yildan beri ikkita ketma-ket C-130 samolyoti nomlandi Yog 'Albert AQSh dengiz kuchlarini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi samolyot bo'lib xizmat qilgan Moviy farishtalar parvoz namoyish guruhi. Yog 'Albert I TC-130G edi (151891),[50] esa Yog 'Albert II bu C-130T (164763).[51] Garchi Yog 'Albert harbiy-dengiz flotini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, uni AQSh dengiz piyoda qo'shinlari (USMC) boshqaradi va uning ekipaji faqat USMC xodimlaridan iborat. Ba'zilarida havo shoulari jamoani o'z ichiga olgan, Yog 'Albert ishtirok etadi, ko'prik o'tkazadi. 2009 yilgacha u ham o'zini namoyish etdi raketa yordamida uchish (RATO) imkoniyatlari; bu raketalarning kamayib borishi tufayli tugadi.[52]

AC-130 shuningdek, C-130 samolyotining eng uzoq davom etgan parvozi bo'yicha rekord o'rnatdi. 1997 yil 22-24 oktyabr kunlari ikkita AC-130U qurol-yarog 'Florida shtatidagi Hurlburt-Filddan Tegu (Tegu) tomon 36 soat tinimsiz parvoz qildilar, Janubiy Koreya, KC-135 tanker samolyotlari tomonidan etti marta yonilg'i quyilmoqda. Ushbu rekord parvoz avvalgi rekordni eng uzun parvozni 10 soatdan oshib ketdi va ikkita qurol 410,000 funt (190,000 kg) yoqilg'ini oldi. Qurol kemasi AQShning Vetnamdan keyingi har qanday yirik jangovar operatsiyalarida ishlatilgan, bundan tashqari El Dorado Kanyoni operatsiyasi, 1986 yil Liviyaga qilingan hujum.[53]

C-130 Gerkules axloqsizlik chizig'iga taktik qo'nishni amalga oshiradi

Davomida 2001 yilda Afg'onistonga bostirib kirish va doimiy qo'llab-quvvatlash Xalqaro xavfsizlikka yordam berish kuchlari (Doimiy erkinlik operatsiyasi ), C-130 Hercules operativ ravishda Avstraliya, Belgiya, Kanada, Daniya, Frantsiya, Italiya, Niderlandiya, Yangi Zelandiya, Norvegiya, Portugaliya, Ruminiya, Janubiy Koreya, Ispaniya, Buyuk Britaniya va AQSh tomonidan ishlatilgan.

Davomida 2003 yil Iroqqa bostirib kirish (Iroq ozodligi operatsiyasi ), C-130 Hercules operativ ravishda Avstraliya, Buyuk Britaniya va AQSh tomonidan ishlatilgan. Dastlabki ishg'oldan so'ng, C-130 operatorlari Iroqdagi ko'p millatli kuch Iroqdagi kuchlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun C-130 samolyotlaridan foydalangan.

2004 yildan beri Pokiston havo kuchlari samolyotlarda C-130 samolyotlarini ishlatmoqda Shimoliy-G'arbiy Pokistondagi urush. Ba'zi bir variantlar mavjud edi oldinga qarab infraqizil (FLIR Systems Star Safire III EO / IR) datchik to'plari, jangarilarni diqqat bilan kuzatib borish uchun.[54]

2017 yilda Frantsiya va Germaniya qo'shma havo transporti eskadrilyasini tuzishlarini e'lon qilishdi Evreux havo bazasi, Frantsiya, o'nta C-130J samolyotidan iborat. Ularning oltitasini Germaniya boshqaradi. Dastlabki ekspluatatsiya qobiliyati 2021 yilga, to'liq operatsion imkoniyat esa 2024 yilga mo'ljallangan.[55]

Deepwater Horizon neftining to'kilishi

910-chi Airlift Wing-dan, AQShning Ogayo shtatidagi Yangstaun-Uorren nomidagi zaxira stantsiyasidan AQSh havo kuchlariga tegishli C-130 Hercules samolyoti Meksikaning ko'rfaziga neft tarqatadigan kimyoviy moddalarni tashladi, 2010 yil 9-may.

Deyarli yigirma yil davomida qanot 757-havo kemalari eskadrilyasi va AQSh sohil xavfsizligi AQSh favqulodda vaziyatlarda AQSh harbiy xizmatining qobiliyatli ta'sir ko'rsatishini ta'minlash uchun neft to'kilishini tozalash mashqlarida qatnashgan. The 910th Airlift Wings 757-chi AS, DOD mulkidagi pestitsidlarni tarqatish uchun EPA tomonidan sertifikatlangan DOD-ning yagona qattiq havo purkagich tizimi. Deepwater Horizon neft to'kilishi 2010 yilda Fors ko'rfazi sohilida.[56]

5 haftalik missiya davomida YARS ekipajlari 92 ta parvozni amalga oshirdilar va neftni parchalash uchun taxminan 30 000 gektar maydonga 149 000 galon neft dispersenti sepdilar. Deepwater Horizon missiyasi AQSh birinchi marta 910-AW neftni tarqatish qobiliyatidan foydalangan - bu uning yagona katta maydoni, qattiq qanotli havo purkagich dasturi - milliy ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan haqiqiy to'kilishda.[57] The Havo kuchlarining zaxira qo'mondonligi 910-chi Airlift qanoti oluvchi sifatida tanlanganligini e'lon qildi Havo kuchlarining ajoyib birligi mukofoti 2010 yil 28 apreldan 2010 yil 4 iyungacha bo'lgan ajoyib yutug'i uchun.[58]

"Harvi" bo'roni (2017)

AQSh harbiy yordam ekipajlari Peoriyada joylashgan Illinoys Air Milliy Gvardiyasining 182-chi Airlift qanotidan C-130 Hercules samolyotiga yuklarni yuklamoqda. C-130 va ekipaj 31 avgustdan beri "Harvi" bo'ronini qutqarishda yordam berishmoqda. (Taqdim etilgan rasm)

C-130lar vaqtincha joylashgan Kelly Field o'tkazildi chivinlarga qarshi kurash Texasning sharqiy qismida vayron qilingan havo spreyi dasturlari "Harvi" bo'roni. Ushbu maxsus topshiriq bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar bo'yicha 2,3 million gektardan ziyod maydonga ishlov berilgan Federal favqulodda vaziyatlarni boshqarish agentligi (FEMA) va Texas shtati sog'liqni saqlash xizmati departamenti (DSHS) ko'p miqdordagi turg'un va turg'un suv tufayli zararkunandalar hasharotlarining sezilarli darajada ko'payishiga yordam berish orqali tiklash ishlariga yordam berish. The 910-chi Airlift qanoti Mudofaa vazirligining zararkunandalar populyatsiyasini boshqarish, keraksizlarni yo'q qilish va yo'q qilish uchun yagona havo purkagich qobiliyatidan foydalanadi invaziv o'simlik va katta miqdordagi suv havzalarida yog'adigan yog'larni tarqatish.[59]

Havodagi purkagich parvozi endi tunda ham ishlashga qodir NVG, which increases the flight's best case spray capacity from approximately 60 thousand acres per day to approximately 190 thousand acres per day. Spray missions are normally conducted at dusk and nighttime hours when pest insects are most active, the AQSh havo kuchlari zaxirasi hisobotlar.[60]

Havodagi o't o'chirish

A C-130E fitted with a MAFFS -1 dropping fire retardant

In the early 1970s Congress created the Havodagi yong'inga qarshi modulli tizim (MAFFS) which is a joint operation between The AQSh o'rmon xizmati who supply the systems and the Mudofaa vazirligi who supply the C-130 aircraft. The roll-on/roll-off systems allow existing aircraft to be temporarily converted into a 3,000-gallon airtanker jang qilish uchun o'rmon yong'inlari when demand exceeds the supply of privately contracted and publicly available airtankers.[61]

In the late 1980s, 22 retired USAF C-130As were removed from storage and transferred to the U.S. Forest Service, which then transferred them to six private companies to be converted into airtankers. Bittasi these C-130s crashed in June 2002 while operating the Retardant Aerial Delivery System (RADS) near Walker, CA. The crash was attributed to wing separation caused by fatigue stress cracking and contributed to the grounding of the entire large aircraft fleet.[62] After an extensive review, AQSh o'rmon xizmati va The Bureau of Land Management declined to renew the leases on nine C-130A over concerns about the age of the aircraft, which had been in service since the 1950s, and their ability to handle the forces generated by aerial firefighting.

More recently, an updated Retardant Aerial Delivery System known as RADS XL was developed by Coulson Aviation USA. That system consists of a C-130H/Q retrofitted with an in-floor discharge system, combined with a removable 3,500- or 4,000-gallon water tank. The combined system is FAA certified.[63]

On 22 January 2020, Coulson's Tanker 134, an EC-130Q registered N134CG, crashed during aerial firefighting operations in Yangi Janubiy Uels, Australia, killing all three crew members. The aircraft had taken off out of RAAF bazasi Richmond, and was supporting firefighting operations during Australia's unprecedented 2019–20 fire season.[64]

Variantlar

C-130H Hercules flight deck
A U.S. JC-130 aircraft retrieving a reconnaissance satellite film capsule under parachute.
C-130s from the: U.S., Canada, Australia and Israel (foreground to background)
RAAF C-130J-30 at Point Cook, 2006
Braziliya havo kuchlari C-130 (L-382)
For civilian versions, see Lockheed L-100 Gerkules.

Significant military variants of the C-130 include:

C-130A/B/E/F/G/H/K/T
Tactical airlifter basic models
C-130A-II Dreamboat
Early version Electronic Intelligence/Signals Intelligence (ELINT/SIGINT) aircraft[65]
C-130J Super Gerkules
Tactical airlifter, with new engines, avionics, and updated systems
C-130B BLC
A one-off conversion of C-130B 58-0712, modified with a double Allison YT56 gas generator pod under each outer wing, to provide bleed air for all the control surfaces and flaps.[66]
C-130K
Uchun belgilash RAF Hercules C1/W2/C3 aircraft (C-130Js in RAF service are the Hercules C.4 and Hercules C.5)
AC-130A/E/H/J/U/W
Gunship variants
C-130D/D-6
Ski-equipped version for snow and ice operations Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari / Air National Guard
CC-130E/H/J Hercules
Uchun belgilash Kanada qurolli kuchlari / Kanada qirollik havo kuchlari Hercules aircraft. U.S. Air Force used the CC-130J designation to differentiate the standard C-130J variant from the "stretched" C-130J (company designation C-130J-30).
C-130M
Designation used by the Braziliya havo kuchlari for locally modified / up-graded C-130H aircraft[67]
DC-130A/E/H
USAF and USN Drone control
EC-130
EC-130E/J Commando Solo – USAF / Air National Guard psixologik operatsiyalar versiyasi
EC-130E Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center (ABCCC) – USAF procedural air-to-ground attack control, also provided NRT threat updates
EC-130E Rivet Rider – Airborne psychological warfare aircraft
EC-130H kompas chaqiruvi – Elektron urush and electronic attack.[68]
EC-130V – Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) variant used by USCG for counter-narcotics missions[69]
GC-130
Permanently grounded instructional airframes
HC-130
HC-130B/E/H – Early model jangovar qidiruv va qutqarish
HC-130P/N Combat King – USAF aerial refueling tanker and combat search and rescue
HC-130J qarshi kurash qiroli II – Next generation jangovar qidiruv va qutqarish tanker
HC-130H/J – USCG long-range surveillance and qidirish va qutqarish, USAFR Aerial Spray & Airlift
JC-130
Temporary conversion for flight test operations; used to recover drones and spy satellite film capsules.
KC-130F/R/T/J
Qo'shma Shtatlar dengiz piyoda korpusi aerial refueling tanker and tactical airlifter
LC-130F/H/R
USAF / Air National Guard – Ski-equipped version for Arktika va Antarktika support operations; LC-130F and R previously operated by USN
MC-130
MC-130E/H Combat Talon I/II – Maxsus operatsiyalar infiltration/extraction variant
MC-130W Combat Spear/Dragon Spear – Special operations tanker/gunship[70]
MC-130P Combat Shadow – Special operations tanker
MC-130J Komando II (formerly Combat Shadow II) – Special operations tanker Air Force Special Operations Command[71]
YMC-130H – Modified aircraft under "Ishonchli sport" operatsiyasi for second Eron garovidagi inqiroz rescue attempt
NC-130
Permanent conversion for flight test operations
PC-130/C-130-MP
Dengiz patrul xizmati
RC-130A/S
Kuzatuv samolyotlari for reconnaissance
SC-130J Sea Herc
Proposed maritime patrol version of the C-130J, designed for coastal surveillance and anti-submarine warfare.[72][73]
TC-130
Samolyotlarni tayyorlash
VC-130H
VIP transport
WC-130A/B/E/H/J
Weather reconnaissance ("Dovul Hunter ") version for USAF / Havo kuchlarining zaxira qo'mondonligi "s 53-chi ob-havo razvedka otryadi ni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Milliy ob-havo xizmati "s Milliy bo'ron markazi

Operatorlar

Military operators of C-130 Hercules aircraft;
  Amaldagi operatorlar
  Sobiq operatorlar
C-130H of the Misr havo kuchlari.
Yaponiya Havo o'zini o'zi himoya qilish kuchlari C-130H
Bangladesh havo kuchlari C-130B
Royal Saudi Air Force C-130H
A Royal Thai Air Force C-130 in 2013
Asosiy maqola: List of C-130 Hercules operators

Sobiq operatorlar

Baxtsiz hodisalar

Asosiy maqola: Lockheed C-130 Hercules bilan bog'liq baxtsiz hodisalar va hodisalar ro'yxati

The C-130 Hercules has had a low accident rate in general. The Royal Air Force recorded an accident rate of about one aircraft loss per 250,000 flying hours over the last 40 years, placing it behind Vickers VC10s va Lockheed TriStars with no flying losses.[74] USAF C-130A/B/E-models had an overall attrition rate of 5% as of 1989 as compared to 1-2% for commercial airliners in the U.S., according to the NTSB, 10% for B-52 bombers, and 20% for fighters (F-4, F-111 ), murabbiylar (T-37, T-38 ) va vertolyotlar (H-3 ).[75]

A total of 70 aircraft were lost by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Marine Corps during combat operations in the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia. By the nature of the Hercules' worldwide service, the pattern of losses provides an interesting barometer of the global hot spots over the past 50 years.[76]


Ko'rgazmada samolyotlar

Argentina

Avstraliya

  • C-130A RAAF A97-214 used by 36 Squadron from early 1959, withdrawn from use late 1978; now at RAAF Museum, RAAF Base Williams, Point Cook.[78]
  • C-130E RAAF A97-160 used by 37 Squadron from August 1966, withdrawn from use November 2000; ga RAAF muzeyi, 14 November 2000, cocooned as of September 2005.[79]

Kanada

Kolumbiya

  • C-130B FAC 1010 (serial number 3521) moved on 14 January 2016 to the Colombian Aerospace Museum in Tokancipa, Cundinamarca, for static display.[83]
  • C-130B FAC1011 (serial number 3585, ex 59-1535) preserved at the Colombian Air and Space Museum within CATAM AFB, Bogota.[84]

Indoneziya

  • C-130B Indonesian Air Force A-1301 preserved at Sulaeman Airstrip, Bandung. Also occasionally used for Pasxalar O'qitish. The airplane is relocated to Air Force Museum in Yogyakarta in 2017.[85]

Norvegiya

  • C-130H Royal Norwegian Air Force 953 was retired 10 June 2007 and moved to the Air Force museum at Oslo Gardermoen in May 2008.[86]

Saudiya Arabistoni

C-130 at the Saudiya Arabistoni qirollik havo kuchlari muzeyi

Birlashgan Qirollik

Qo'shma Shtatlar

  • GC-130A, AF Ser. No. 55-037 used by the 773 TCS, 483 TCW, 315 AD, 374 TCW, 815 TAS, 35 TAS, 109 TAS, belly-landed at Duluth, Minnesota, April 1973, repaired; 167 TAS, 180 TAS, to Chanute Technical Training Center as GC-130A, May 1984; now displayed at Museum of Missouri Military History, Missuri milliy gvardiyasi Ike Skelton o'quv markazi, Jefferson Siti, Missuri. Previously displayed at Oktav Chanute aerokosmik muzeyi, (avvalgi) Chanute AFB, Rantoul, Illinoys until museum closed.[89][90]
  • C-130A, AF Ser. No. 56-0518 used by the 314 TCW, 315 AD, 41 ATS, 328 TAS; ga Vetnam Respublikasi havo kuchlari 435 Transport Squadron, November 1972; holds the C-130 record for taking off with the most personnel on board, during evacuation of SVN, 29 April 1975, with 452. Returned to USAF, 185 TAS, 105 TAS; Uchib ketdi Little Rock AFB on 28 June 1989. It was converted to a static display at the LRAFB Visitor Center, Arkansas by Sept. 1989.[91]
  • C-130A, AF Ser. No. 57-0453 was operated from 1958 to 1991, last duty with 155th TAS, 164th TAG, Tennessi Air National Guard, Memphis International Airport/ANGB, Tennessee, 1976–1991, named "Nite Train to Memphis"; to AMARC in December 1991, then sent to Texas for modification into replica of C-130A-II Dreamboat aircraft, AF Ser. No. 56-0528, shot down by Soviet fighters in Soviet airspace near Yerevan, Armaniston on 2 September 1958, while on ELINT mission with loss of all crew, displayed in Milliy hushyorlik bog'i, Milliy xavfsizlik agentligi asoslar, Fort George Meade, Merilend.[92]
  • C-130B, AF Ser. No. 59-0528 was operated by 145-chi Airlift qanoti, Shimoliy Karolina havo gvardiyasi; placed on static display at Sharlotta milliy gvardiya bazasi, North Carolina in 2010.[93]
  • C-130D, AF Ser. No. 57-0490 used by the 61st TCS, 17th TCS, 139th TAS with skis, July 1975 – April 1983; ga MASDC, 1984–1985, GC-130D ground trainer, Chanute AFB, Illinoys, 1986–1990; When Chanute AFB closed in September 1993, it moved to the Oktav Chanute aerokosmik muzeyi (avvalgi Chanute AFB, Rantoul, Illinoys. In July 1994, it moved to the Empire State Air Museum, Schenectady County aeroporti, New York, until placed on the gate at Stratton Air National Guard Base 1994 yil oktyabrda.[94]
  • NC-130B, AF Ser. No. 57-0526 was the second B model manufactured, initially delivered as JC-130B; assigned to 6515th Organizational Maintenance Squadron for flight testing at Edvards AFB, California on 29 November 1960; turned over to 6593rd Test Squadron's Operating Location No. 1 at Edwards AFB and spent next seven years supporting Corona Program; "J" status and prefix removed from aircraft in October 1967; transferred to 6593rd Test Squadron at Xikam AFB, Hawaii and modified for mid-air retrieval of satellites; tomonidan sotib olingan 6514-sinov guruhi da Tepalik AFB, Utah in Jan. 1987 and used as electronic testbed and cargo transport; aircraft retired January 1994 with 11,000+ flight hours and moved to Tepalik aerokosmik muzeyi da Tepalik AFB by January 1994.[95]
  • C-130E, AF Ser. No. 62-1787, on display at the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlarining milliy muzeyi, Rayt-Patterson AFB, Ohio, was flown to the museum on 18 August 2011. One of the greatest feats of heroism during the Vetnam urushi involved the C-130E, call sign "Spare 617".[N 2] The C-130E attempted to airdrop ammunition to surrounded South Vietnamese forces at An Loc, Vietnam. Approaching the drop zone, Spare 617 received heavy enemy ground fire that damaged two engines, ruptured a bleed air duct in the cargo compartment, and set the ammunition on fire. Flight engineer TSgt Sanders was killed, and navigator 1st Lt Lenz and co-pilot 1st Lt Hering were both wounded. Despite receiving severe burns from hot air escaping from the damaged air bleed duct, loadmaster TSgt Shaub extinguished a fire in the cargo compartment, and successfully jettisoned the cargo pallets, which exploded in mid-air. Despite losing a third engine on final approach, pilot Capt Caldwell landed Spare 617 safely. For their actions, Caldwell and Shaub received the Havo kuchlari xochi, the U.S. Air Force's second highest award for valor. TSgt Shaub also received the William H. Pitsenbarger Award for Heroism from the Havo kuchlari serjantlari uyushmasi.[96]
  • KC-130F, USN/USMC BuNo 149798 used in tests in October–November 1963 by the U.S. Navy for unarrested landings and unassisted take-offs from the carrier USS Forrestal (CV-59), it remains the record holder for largest aircraft to operate from a carrier flight deck, and carried the name "Look Ma, No Hook" during the tests. Retired to the Milliy dengiz aviatsiyasi muzeyi, Pensakola NAS, Florida in May 2003.[97]
  • C-130G, USN/USMC BuNo 151891; modified to EC-130G, 1966, then testbed for EC-130Q TACAMO in 1981. To TC-130G in May 1990 and assigned as the U.S. Navy's Moviy farishtalar USMC support aircraft, serving as "Fat Albert Airlines" from 1991 to 2002. Retired to the Milliy dengiz aviatsiyasi muzeyi at NAS Pensacola, Florida in November 2002.[50]
  • C-130E, AF Ser. No. 64-0525 was on display at the 82nd Airborne Division War Memorial Museum at Bragg Fort, Shimoliy Karolina. The aircraft was the last assigned to the 43rd AW at Papa AFB, North Carolina prior to retirement from the USAF.[98]
  • C-130E-LM, AF Ser. No. 64-0533 - Taken in December 1964 by 314th Troop Carrier Wing, Sewart AFB, TN. Last assigned to 37th Airlift Squadron, Rhein-Main AB, Germany. Ga o'tkazildi Elmendorf AFB for display, May 2004. Marked as 53-2453[99]
  • C-130E, AF Ser. No. 69-6579 operated by the 61st TAS, 314th TAW, 50th AS, 61st AS; da Dyess AFB as maintenance trainer as GC-130E, March 1998; to Dyess AFB Linear Air Park, January 2004.[100]
  • MC-130E Combat Talon I, AF Ser. No. 64-0567, unofficially known as "Wild Thing". It transported captured Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega in 1989 during Operation Just Cause, and participated in Operation Eagle Claw, the unsuccessful attempt to rescue U.S. hostages from Iran in 1980. Wild Thing was also the first fixed-wing aircraft to employ night-vision goggles. Ekranda Hurlburt maydoni, Florida shtatida.[101]
  • C-130E, AF Ser. No. 69-6580 operated by the 61st TAS, 314th TAW, 317th TAW, 314th TAW, 317th TAW, 40th AS, 41st AS, 43rd AW, retired after center wing cracks were detected in April 2002; uchun Havo harakatlanish qo'mondonligi muzeyi, Dover AFB, Delaware on 2 February 2004.[100]
  • C-130E, AF Ser. No. 70-1269 used by the 43rd AW and is on display at the Pope Air Park, Papa AFB, North Carolina as 2006.[102]
  • C-130H, AF Ser. No. 74-1686 used by the 463rd TAW; one of three C-130H airframes modified to YMC-130H for aborted rescue attempt of Iranian hostages, "Ishonchli sport" operatsiyasi, with rocket packages blistered onto fuselage in 1980, but these were removed after mission was canceled. Subsequent duty with the 4950th Test Wing, then donated to the Aviatsiya muzeyi da Robins AFB, Georgia, in March 1988.[103]

Specifications (C-130H)

C-130H Line Drawing.svg
A Hercules deploying flares, sometimes referred to as Angel Flares due to the characteristic pattern.
Cargo compartment of a Swedish Air Force C-130

Ma'lumotlar USAF C-130 Hercules fact sheet,[3] International Directory of Military Aircraft,[104] Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft,[105] Zamonaviy harbiy samolyotlar entsiklopediyasi[106]

Umumiy xususiyatlar

Ishlash

  • Maksimal tezlik: 320 kn (370 mph, 590 km/h) at 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
  • Kruiz tezligi: 292 kn (336 milya, 541 km / soat)
  • Qator: 2,050 nmi (2,360 mi, 3,800 km)
  • Xizmat tavanı: 33,000 ft (10,000 m) empty[109]
23,000 ft (7,000 m) with 42,000 lb (19,000 kg) payload
  • Toqqa chiqish darajasi: 1.830 fut / min (9.3 m / s)
  • Uchish masofasi: 3,586 ft (1,093 m) at 155,000 lb (70,307 kg) max gross weight;[106]
1,400 ft (427 m) at 80,000 lb (36,287 kg) gross weight[110]

Avionika

Shuningdek qarang

Taqqoslanadigan roli, konfiguratsiyasi va davridagi samolyotlar

Tegishli ro'yxatlar

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

  1. ^ The C-130 was fifth aircraft after the Inglizcha elektr kanberra, B-52 Stratofortress, Tupolev Tu-95 va KC-135 Stratotanker to mark 50 years of continuous service with its original primary customer as of 2007.
  2. ^ The aircrew of "Spare 617" were: Capt. William Caldwell, pilot; Lt. John Hering, co-pilot; Lt. Richard A. Lenz, navigator; Texnik. Serjant Jon Sanders, flight engineer, loadmasters Tech. Serjant Charlie Shaub and A1C Dave McAleece

Iqtiboslar

  1. ^ "Hercules History". lockeedmartin.com. Lockheed Martin. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 6 aprelda. Olingan 6 aprel 2019.
  2. ^ "Family Ties: Three Generations Contribute to Hercules Legacy". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 9-iyulda. Olingan 8 iyul 2015.
  3. ^ a b v "C-130 Gerkules". Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 14 sentyabrda.
  4. ^ Stokes, Stephannie (29 December 2015). "C-130 aircraft designed in the 1950s still delivers". Bozor. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 2-yanvarda. Olingan 2 yanvar 2016.
  5. ^ "..." Nasa.gov.
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Bibliografiya

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  • Olausson, Lars. Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2011. Såtenäs, Sweden: Self-published, 27th Edition March 2009. No ISBN.
  • Olausson, Lars (2010 yil mart). Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2012 (28-nashr). Såtenäs, Sweden: Self-published.
  • Rid, Kris. Lockheed C-130 Hercules and Its Variants. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 1999. ISBN  978-0-7643-0722-5.
  • Ushbu maqola o'z ichiga oladijamoat mulki materiallari dan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari havo kuchlari hujjat: "Ma'lumotlar varag'i: Lockheed C-130E Gerkules".[doimiy o'lik havola ]

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