Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi - Afghan National Army

Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi
رrdw mlyy غfzغnstاn
Afg'oniston milliy armiyasining gerbi
Tashkil etilgan	2002 yil 1-dekabr (amaldagi shakli) (18 yosh)[1] 1709 (asl nusxasi) (310–311)
Mamlakat	Afg'oniston
Turi	Armiya
Rol	Quruqlik urushi
Hajmi	180,000 qo'shinlari[2]
Qismi	Mudofaa vazirligi
Bosh ofis	Milliy harbiy qo'mondonlik markazi, Kobul, Kobul viloyati, Afg'oniston[3]
Shior (lar)	"Xudo, mamlakat, burch"[4]
Qo'mondonlar
Xodimlar boshlig'i	General-leytenant Yasin Ziyo
Kadrlar rahbarining o'rinbosari	General-leytenant Murod Ali Murod

The Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi (ANA; Pashto: غfغغn mly رrdu) Ning quruqlikdagi urush bo'limi Afg'oniston qurolli kuchlari. Bu ostida Mudofaa vazirligi yilda Kobul va asosan o'qitiladi AQSh boshchiligidagi NATO kuchlari. ANA ettitaga bo'lingan korpuslar, Kobuldagi 201-chi, undan keyin 203-chi Gardez, 205-chi Qandahor, 207-chi Hirot, 209-chi Mozori-Sharif, 215-chi Lashkar Gah va shimolda 217-chi. Joriy Bosh shtab boshlig'i ANA ning General-leytenant Yasin Ziyo.^[5]

Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi o'z ildizlarini 18-asrning boshlarida boshlagan Hotak sulolasi yilda tashkil etilgan Qandahor dan so'ng Ahmad Shoh Durraniy hokimiyatga ko'tarilish. Davomida 1880 yilda qayta tashkil etilgan Amir Abdurahmonxon hukmronligi.^[6] Afg'oniston qoldi neytral birinchi va ikkinchi jahon urushlari paytida. 1960-yillardan 1990-yillarning boshlariga qadar Afg'oniston armiyasi Sovet Ittifoqi.

2014 yilga kelib, Afg'onistonning katta qismi hukumat nazorati ostida bo'lib, NATO yordamchi rol o'ynadi.^[7] ANA treningining aksariyat qismi amalga oshiriladi Afg'oniston Milliy xavfsizlik universiteti. 2019 yilda ANA 195,000 vakolatli kuchidan taxminan 180,000 askariga ega edi.^[2]

Tarix

Afg'oniston qirollik armiyasi

Afg'on ning qirol askarlari Durrani imperiyasi

Tarixiy jihatdan, Afg'onistonliklar armiyasida xizmat qilgan G'aznaviylar (963–1187), Guridlar (1148–1215), Dehli Sultonligi (1206-1527) va Mug'allar (1526–1858).^[8] Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi o'zining paydo bo'lishini XVIII asr boshlarida Hotak sulolasi hokimiyatga ko'tarildi Qandahor va mag'lubiyatga uchradi Fors tili Safaviylar imperiyasi da Gulnobod jangi 1722 yilda.^[9]

Qachon Ahmad Shoh Durraniy tashkil etdi Durrani imperiyasi 1747 yilda Afg'oniston armiyasi qator janglarda qatnashgan Panjob viloyati ning Hindiston 19-asr davomida. Mashhur janglardan biri bu edi 1761 yil Panipat jangi unda afg'on armiyasi qat'iy ravishda mag'lubiyatga uchradi Hindu Marata imperiyasi.^[10] Keyin afg'onlar Sikh imperiyasi, nihoyat, Sikh Marshal Xari Singx Nalva vafot etdi va Sikhni bosib olish to'xtadi. 1842 yilda inglizlar Afg'onistonni zabt etishga urinishdi, natijada 1842 yil Kobuldan chekinish.

Afg'on piyoda askari 1890 yilda

Kasallikning boshlanishida Ikkinchi Angliya-Afg'on urushi (1878–80), Ali Ahmad Jalali muntazam armiya 50 mingga yaqin kuchli va 62 piyoda va 16 otliq polkdan iborat bo'lib, 324 qurol asosan ot va tog 'artilleriya batareyalarida to'plangan.^[11] Sedra Jalolining so'zlarini keltiradi, u yozadi: 'Amir bo'lsa ham Shir Ali Xon (1863-78) zamonaviy afg'on armiyasini asos solganligi uchun katta obro'ga ega, faqat Abdurahmon davrida u hayotiy va samarali muassasaga aylandi. '^[12] 1880 yilda Amir Abdurahmonxon inglizlarning yordami bilan yangi jihozlangan afg'on armiyasini tashkil etdi. The Kongress kutubxonasi mamlakatni o'rganish Afg'oniston davlatlari uchun:^[6]

[Abdurahmonxon] taxtga chiqqanida, armiya deyarli yo'q edi. U inglizlarning liberal moliyaviy krediti, shuningdek ularning qurol-yarog ', o'q-dorilar va boshqa harbiy ta'minot shaklidagi yordami bilan u 20 yillik vazifani uzoq muddatli shakllantiruvchi chora-tadbirlarni amalga oshirish orqali obro'li doimiy kuch yaratish vazifasini boshladi. harbiy tizimning asoslari. Bunga nafari hashari deb nomlanuvchi tizimni o'rnatish orqali harbiy majburiyatlarni tenglashtirishni oshirish kiradi (shu orqali har sakkizinchi yoshdan 20 yoshgacha va 40 yoshgacha bo'lgan kishi o'z navbatida harbiy xizmatga kelgan); xorijiy manbalarga o'q otish qurollari va boshqa qurollarga bog'liqlikni kamaytirish uchun Kobulda arsenal qurish; boshqariladigan o'quv kurslarini joriy etish; qo'shinlarni bo'linmalar, brigadalar va polklarga, shu jumladan artilleriya batalonlariga tashkil etish; ish haqi jadvallarini ishlab chiqish; va boshlang'ich (va qattiq) intizom tizimini joriy etish.

Afg'oniston armiyasining askarlari 1950-yillarda

Armiyani yanada takomillashtirish King tomonidan amalga oshirildi Omonulloh Xon 20-asrning boshlarida faqat undan oldin Uchinchi Angliya-Afg'on urushi. 1919 yilda qirol Omonulloh inglizlarga qarshi kurash olib bordi, natijada Afg'oniston undan keyin to'liq mustaqillikka erishdi Ravalpindi shartnomasi imzolandi. Naib Sular Abdur Rahimning karerasi haqidagi xabarlardan ko'rinib turibdiki, 1920-yillarda otliqlar diviziyasi mavjud bo'lib, u divizionga yuborilgan. Hirot viloyati 1913 yilda va Mozori-Sharif 1927 yildan keyin.^[13] Afg'on armiyasi qirol davrida kengaytirildi Zohirshoh 1933 yildan boshlab hukmronlik qildi.

1953 yilda general-leytenant Muhammad Dovud, ilgari Mudofaa vaziri bo'lib ishlagan qirolning amakivachchasi qo'mondonlikdan o'tkazildi Markaziy korpus Kobulda bo'lish Afg'oniston Bosh vaziri.^[14] Pokiston bilan vaqti-vaqti bilan chegaradagi to'qnashuvlar 1950-1961 yillarda sodir bo'lgan ko'rinadi.^[15]

1949 yildan 1961 yilgacha, Afg'oniston-Pokiston to'qnashuvlari chegara bo'ylab bo'lib o'tdi va jang bilan yakunlandi Bajaur agentligi 1960 yil sentyabrda. Bu 1961 yil sentyabrda ikki mamlakat o'rtasidagi diplomatik aloqalarning uzilishiga olib keldi.^[16]

Afg'oniston armiyasi 1960-yillardan 1990-yillarning boshlariga qadar o'qitish va jihozlarni asosan Sovet Ittifoqi. 1957 yil fevral - mart oylarida Sovet harbiy mutaxassislarining birinchi guruhi (10 ga yaqin, shu jumladan tarjimonlar) afg'onistonlik ofitserlar va ofitserlarni tayyorlash uchun Kobulga yuborilgan.^[17] O'sha paytda Sovet Ittifoqi maslahatchilari kelganidan keyin tezda susaygan Afg'oniston qurolli kuchlarida Turkiyaning sezilarli ta'siri bor edi. 1950-yillarning oxiriga kelib, Azimi Pokiston bilan sharqiy chegara bo'ylab va bir nechta mustaqil bo'linmalar bo'ylab uchta korpusni, ularning har biri bir nechta bo'linishlarni tasvirlaydi.^[18]

1970-yillarning boshlarida Sovet harbiy yordami ko'paytirildi. Sovet harbiy mutaxassislari soni 1973 yildagi 1500 kishidan 1978 yil apreliga kelib 5000 kishiga o'sdi.^[19] Bu vaqtda katta sovet mutaxassisi (29.11.1972 yildan 11.12.1975 yilgacha) general-mayor I.S. Bondarets (I.S.Bondarets) va 1975 yildan 1978 yilgacha Sovet Ittifoqining katta harbiy maslahatchisi general-mayor L.N. Gorelov. 1978 yilgacha Saur inqilobi, harbiy tahlilchi Jorj Jeykobzning so'zlariga ko'ra, armiya tarkibiga "ba'zi uchta zirhli diviziya (570 ta o'rta tank va buyurtma bo'yicha T 55s), sakkizta piyoda diviziya (har biri o'rtacha 4500 dan 8000 kishiga qadar), ikkita tog'li piyoda brigadasi, bitta artilleriya brigadasi, soqchilar kiradi. polk (saroy muhofazasi uchun), uchta artilleriya polki, ikkita qo'mondonlik polki va parashyut kandak (batalyon), ular asosan tuproqqa asoslangan edi. Barcha tuzilmalar uchta korpus darajasidagi shtab boshqaruvi ostida edi. Pokiston dan bir chiziq bo'ylab Bagram janubda Xandahorgacha. "^[20]

Sotsialistik Afg'oniston

1989 yilda Sovet Ittifoqi taktik ballistik raketalar, Skud, 2004 yilgi kadrlarda ko'rinib turganidek.

1978 yil 27 aprelda Afg'oniston Xalq Demokratik partiyasi, boshchiligida Nur Muhammad Taraki, Babrak Karmal va Amin oilasining ko'p qismi bilan birga ertasi kuni o'ldirilgan Muhammad Dovud rejimini ag'darib tashladi.^[21] Qo'zg'olon sifatida tanilgan Saur inqilobi. 1 may kuni Taraki bo'ldi Prezident, Bosh Vazir va Bosh kotib PDPA. Keyin mamlakat Afg'oniston Demokratik Respublikasi (DRA) deb o'zgartirildi va PDPA rejimi u yoki bu tarzda 1992 yil apreligacha davom etdi.

PDPA hokimiyatni qo'lga kiritgandan so'ng, qochqinlar kuchlarni qamrab oldi, bu askarlarning sadoqati va axloqiy qadriyatlariga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Vatanparvar kichik va katta ofitserlar va yuqori sinf afg'onistonliklarni tozalash ishlari olib borildi aristokratlar jamiyatda. 1979 yil 15 martda Hirot qo'zg'oloni chiqib ketdi. The 17-divizion isyonni bostirish uchun rejim tomonidan batafsil bayon qilingan edi, ammo bu xato ekanligini isbotladi, chunki bo'linishda xalkiylar kam edi va uning o'rniga g'azablangan va qo'zg'olonga qo'shildi.^[25] Isyonni bostirish uchun Kobuldan kuchlar yuborilishi kerak edi.

Asta-sekin armiyaning uchta zirhli bo'linmasi va hozirda o'n oltita piyoda diviziyasi batalon va polk kattaligiga qadar kamayib ketdi, ularning tarkibida 5000 ga yaqin qo'shin yo'q edi.^[26] Uchta zirhli birikma brigadalar yoki bo'linmalar bo'lganligi aniq emas: har xil nufuzli manbalar ikkala belgini ham beradi. Birinchi qator defektlardan biri 9-divizion Urban yozganidek, Sovet aralashuviga javoban brigadalar tomonidan qochib ketgan. 1979 yil avgustda Asmarda 5-brigadasini va 1980 yilda 30-tog 'brigadasini yo'qotdi.^[27] Sovet maslahatchilari 1977 yilda kelganlaridan so'ng, ular bir qator moslashish va qayta tashkil etishni ilhomlantirdilar.^[28] 1982 yil aprel oyida 7-bo'lim poytaxtdan ko'chirilgan. Xalq general-mayori Ziya-Ud-Din qo'mondonlik qilgan bu bo'linma tugagan jangovar resurslarini Kobul-Qandahor magistrali bo'ylab tarqatgan.^[29] 1984–1985 yillarda barcha piyoda bo'linmalari umumiy dizayn asosida qayta tuzildi. 1985 yilda armiya bo'linmalari xavfsizlik vazifalaridan ozod qilinib, jangovar operatsiyalar uchun ko'proq imkoniyat yaratildi.

1980 yillar davomida Sovet-afg'on urushi, Armiya qarshi kurashgan mujohidlar isyonchi guruhlar. Cho'llar yoki qochqinlar jiddiy muammoga aylandi. Afg'oniston armiyasining talofati 50-60 ming askarga etdi va yana 50 ming askar armiyani tark etdi. Afg'oniston armiyasining qochib ketish darajasi 1980-1989 yillarda yiliga taxminan 10 000 askarni tashkil etdi; birinchi besh oydan so'ng o'rtacha qochqinlar Afg'oniston armiyasini tark etishdi.^[30]

Mahalliy qurolli kuchlar Najibulloh rejimining xavfsizligi uchun muhim edi. 1988 yildan boshlab sobiq Mintaqaviy kuchlar / militsiya tuzilmalaridan bir nechta yangi bo'linmalar tuzildi: 53-piyoda diviziyasi, 55-chi, 80, 93, 94, 95 va 96-chi, shuningdek, ehtimol bo'linish Lashkar Gah.^[31]

1989 yilda Sovet qo'shinlarini olib chiqib ketish uchun kompensatsiya sifatida SSSR rejimga murakkab qurollarni etkazib berishga rozilik berdi, ularning orasida katta miqdorda Skud yer-yer raketalari.^[32] Dastlabki 500 tasi 1989 yilning dastlabki oylarida o'tkazildi va tez orada muhim strategik aktiv sifatida namoyon bo'ldi. Mujohidlar hujumi paytida Jalolobod, 1989 yil mart va iyun oylari orasida Sovetlar maslahati bilan afg'on ekipajlari tomonidan boshqariladigan uchta otish batareyasi taxminan 438 ta raketani otdi.^[33] Tez orada Skudlar Afg'onistonning barcha bahsli hududlarida ishlatila boshlandi. 1992 yil yanvaridan keyin Sovet maslahatchilari olib qo'yilib, Afg'oniston armiyasining o'z ballistik raketalaridan foydalanish qobiliyatini pasaytirdi. 1992 yil 24 aprelda mujohidlar kuchlari Ahmad Shoh Massud Afshurdagi asosiy skud zaxirasini qo'lga kiritdi. Kommunistik hukumat qulashi bilan, ozgina qolgan Skudlar va ularning TELlari hokimiyat uchun kurashayotgan raqib guruhlar o'rtasida bo'linib ketishdi. Biroq, o'qitilgan kadrlarning etishmasligi bunday qurollardan doimiy ravishda foydalanishga to'sqinlik qildi va 1992 yil aprel va 1996 yillar orasida Afg'onistonda faqat 44 ta Skud otib tashlandi.^[33]

1992 yil va undan keyin

1992 yil bahorida Afg'oniston armiyasi beshta korpusdan iborat edi - 1-korpus Jalolobodda, 2-chi Xandahorda, 3-korpus Gardezda,^[34] 4-korpus Hirotda va 6-korpus Qunduzda - shuningdek, beshta kichik operatsion guruh, shu jumladan bitta Charikar maqomi pasayguncha 5-korpus bo'lgan. 1-chi, 2-chi va 3-chi korpuslar va operatsion guruhlar Sarobi va Xost, deyarli 1992 yilda parchalangan.^[35] Atrofdagi va atrofdagi shakllanishlar Kobul turli mujohid militsiyalarga qo'shilib, shimol va g'arbdagi kuchlar uzoq muddat saqlanib qolishdi. Shimol va g'arbdagi kuchlarni uchta yirik qo'mondon egallab oldi: Ismoil Xon, Ahmed Shoh Masud va Abdul Rashid Do'stam.

1992 yil 18 aprelda Qunduzdagi PDPA garnizoni mahalliy mujohidlar qo'mondonlariga taslim bo'ldi.^[36] The 54-divizion Qunduzdagi baza Ittexodning ushbu hududdagi umumiy harbiy rahbari Amir Chug'ayga topshirildi. Do'stum va unga sodiq qo'mondonlar Junbesh I-Mellini tuzdilar Afg'oniston milliy islomiy harakati.^[37] U sobiq tuzumning 18, 20, 53, 54 va 80-bo'limlarini, shuningdek, bir nechta brigadalarni birlashtirdi.^[38] 1994 yil o'rtalariga kelib shimolda ikkita parallel 6-korpus faoliyat ko'rsatdi. Do'stumning 6-korpusi joylashgan edi Pul-i-Xumri va uchta bo'linishga ega edi. Kobul hukumatining 6-korpusi Mudofaa vazirligi joylashgan edi Qunduz va uchta bo'linma bor edi, ikkitasi umumiy raqamlar Do'stum korpusidagi shakllanishlar bilan.^[39] 1995 yilga kelib, Masud uchta korpus buyrug'ini boshqargan: Markaziy korpus 15-20 ming kishilik kuch bilan tashkil etilgan Kobulda, Hirotdagi 5-korpus g'arbni, Qunduzdagi 6-korpus esa shimoli-sharqni qamrab olgan.^[40]

Bu davrdan keyin Tolibon rejimi mamlakatni islom tomonidan boshqarishni maqsad qilgan 1996 yilda Shariat qonunlari. Toliblar o'z armiyasi va qo'mondonlarini ham tayyorlashni boshladi, ularning ba'zilari Pokiston tomonidan yashirincha tayyorlandi Xizmatlararo razvedka va Pokiston qurolli kuchlari atrofida Durand chizig'i. 2001 yil oxirida Tolibon hukumati lavozimidan chetlashtirilgandan so'ng, lashkarboshilarga sodiq bo'lgan xususiy armiyalar tobora ko'proq ta'sirga ega bo'ldilar. 2001 yil o'rtalarida, Ali Ahmed Jalali yozgan:^[41]

Armiya (davlat tashkiloti sifatida, uyushtirilgan, qurollangan va davlat tomonidan boshqariladigan) bugungi kunda Afg'onistonda mavjud emas. Toliblar boshchiligidagi "Afg'oniston Islom amirligi" ham, ag'darilgan Prezident Rabboniy boshchiligidagi "Afg'oniston Islomiy Davlati" ham bir davlatning siyosiy qonuniyligi yoki ma'muriy samaradorligiga ega emas. Ular qo'mondonlik qilayotgan militsiya tuzilmalari turli darajadagi sadoqat, siyosiy sadoqat, kasbiy mahorat va tashkiliy yaxlitlikka ega qurolli guruhlarning g'alati assortimentlaridan iborat. Ularning aksariyati tomonlarni almashtirish, sodiqlik holatini o'zgartirish va o'z-o'zidan guruhga qo'shilish yoki chiqib ketish uchun o'zlarini erkin his qilishadi. Mamlakat individual va guruh zo'ravonliklarini boshqarishga qodir yuqori siyosiy qatlamning yo'qligidan aziyat chekmoqda. ... Garchi ikkala tomon ham o'z tuzilmalarini eski tuzumning harbiy tuzilmalari bilan aniqlasa-da, o'tmishdagi tashkiliy yoki kasbiy uzviylik deyarli yo'q. Ammo bu birliklar haqiqatan ham faqat nom bilan mavjuddir ... [i] aslida ularning harbiy bazalari hanuzgacha mavjud bo'lib, ular militsionerlar guruhlarini o'z ichiga oladi va qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.

2002 yil oxirigacha mavjud bo'lgan shakllanishlar 1-armiya korpusini (Nangarhor ), 2-armiya korpusi (Qandahor, ustunlik qilgan Gul Og'a Sherzay ), 3-armiya korpusi (Paktiya, go'yoki AQSh majburlashga urindi Atiqulloh Ludin qo'mondon sifatida), 4-armiya korpusi (Hirot, ustunlik qilgan Ismoil Xon ), Qunduzdagi 6-armiya korpusi, 7-armiya korpusi (ostida Atta Muhammad Nur da Balx^[42]), 8-armiya korpusi (at Juzjan, Do'stumniki ustunlik qilgan Afg'oniston milliy islomiy harakati ) va Kobul atrofidagi Markaziy armiya korpusi.^[43] Bundan tashqari, Kobuldagi markaz bilan kuchli aloqalarga ega bo'linishlar mavjud edi. Bunga Kobulda 1-chi, Qalatda 27-chi, Kobuldagi 31-chi, 34-chi kirdi Bamiyan (4-korpus),^[44] Logarda 36, ​​Ghorda 41, Vardakda 42, Faraxda 71 va Lag'monda 100-o'rin.^[45]

The Xalqaro inqiroz guruhi yozgan:^[46]

Yangi bo'linmalar va hattoki armiya korpuslari fraksiyonel haqiqatlarni tan olish yoki alohida qo'mondonlarning kuch bazasini buzish uchun yaratilgan, odatda bunday birliklar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qo'shinlar darajasini hisobga olmaganda. Masalan, vazirlik 2002 yil iyul oyida Karzay tayinlagan gubernator tomonidan tashkil etilgan Xost viloyatidagi 25-bo'limni tan oldi, Hakim Tanival, o'sha paytda gubernator qarorgohini egallab olgan mahalliy harbiy lashkarboshi Padshah Xon Zadranni boshqarish uchun. Biroq, uning boshlanishida, bo'linma kattaligida atigi 700 kishi bor edi.

Hatto 2004 yil dekabrgacha Human Rights Watch tashkiloti hali ham Karzayga ochiq xatida shunday dedi: "Abdul Rabb al-Rasul Sayyaf, "Ittihod-i islomiy" fraktsiyasi va "Dovat-i islomiy" partiyasi rahbari [jilovlash kerak]. Sayyaf hukumat lavozimiga ega emas, ammo jurnalistlar, fuqarolik jamiyati faollari va hatto siyosiy nomzodlarning huquqlarini cheklash uchun Oliy sud va mamlakatdagi boshqa sudlar ustidan o'z vakolatlarini ishlatgan. Shuningdek, u militsiyalarni, shu jumladan Afg'oniston armiyasining 10-bo'limi deb tan olingan, hatto Kobul ichkarisida afg'onlarni qo'rqitadigan va tahqirlagan kuchlarni ham nazorat qiladi. Sayyafning faoliyatiga jamoatchilik qarshi chiqishingizni, norasmiy hokimiyatdan bunday noto'g'ri foydalanishga qarshi ekanligingizni aniq bayon etishingizni va "Ittihod-i Islomiy" va boshqa norasmiy kuchlar bilan bog'liq qurolli kuchlarni qurolsizlantirish va demobilizatsiya qilish uchun tezkorlik bilan harakat qilishingizni so'raymiz. "^[47]

Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi

Ushbu bo'lim bo'lishi kerak yangilangan. Sabab berilgan: 2014 yildagi so'nggi ma'lumotlar. Iltimos, ushbu maqolani so'nggi voqealarni yoki yangi mavjud ma'lumotlarni aks ettirish uchun yangilang. (Noyabr 2019)

Yangi Afg'oniston Milliy armiyasini (ANA) 2002 yilda bitiruvchilarining birinchi partiyasi

Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi farmon chiqarish bilan tashkil etilgan Prezident Hamid Karzay 2002 yil 1-dekabrda.^[48] O'zining saylanishidan so'ng Karzay 2009 yilgacha kamida 70 ming askarni tashkil etishni maqsad qilib qo'ydi. Ammo Afg'oniston mudofaa vaziri, Abdul Rahim Vardak, kamida 200 ming faol qo'shin zarurligini aytdi.^[49] Afg'oniston Mudofaa vazirligi, shuningdek, yangi armiyaning kichikroq, ixtiyoriy bo'lishiga, chaqiriluvchilarning avvalgi ishlatilishidan o'zgarishiga keskin e'tiroz bildirdi.^[50] AQSh yangi hukumatning Pokistonga bosim o'tkazish uchun armiyadan foydalanishiga ham to'sqinlik qildi.

Birinchi yangi afg'on kandakini (batalyonini) Britaniya armiyasining shaxsiy tarkibi o'rgatgan Xalqaro xavfsizlikka yordam berish kuchlari (ISAF), Afg'oniston Milliy Gvardiyasi 1-batalyoniga aylandi.^[51] Ammo ingliz qo'shinlari yuqori sifatli tayyorgarlikni ta'minlagan bo'lsada, ularning soni kam edi. Biroz ko'rib chiqilgandan so'ng, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari treningni o'tkazishi mumkinligi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi. Shunday qilib, keyingi qandoqlar 1-batalyon tomonidan jalb qilingan va o'qitilgan, 3-maxsus kuchlar guruhi.^[52] 3-SFG o'sha paytdagi ISAF shtab-kvartirasi yaqinida Kobulning sharqiy qismida Sovet Ittifoqi tomonidan qurilgan inshootdan foydalanib, erta foydalanish uchun o'quv binolari va poligonlarini qurdi.

Ishga qabul qilish va o'qitish 2002 yil may oyida boshlandi, qiyin, ammo muvaffaqiyatli ishga qabul qilish jarayoni bilan Afg'onistonning barcha hududlaridan yuzlab yangi chaqiruvchilarni olib kelishdi.^[53][51] Dastlab o'quv mashg'ulotlari amalga oshirildi Pashto va Dariy (fors shevasi) juda xilma-xil millatlarga ko'ra ba'zi arab tillari. AQShning 2002 yil aprel oyidagi asl maqsadi 2003 yil aprelida o'qitilgan 12000 erkak edi, ammo tezda bu juda shuhratparast ekanligini anglab etdilar va talab 2003 yil noyabrgacha tayyor bo'lishi uchun atigi 9000 ga qisqardi. Birinchi afg'on ayol parashyutchi Xatol Muhammadzay 1980-yillarda o'qitilgan, 2002 yil avgust oyida Afg'oniston Milliy armiyasidagi birinchi ayol general bo'ldi.^[54]

AQSh armiyasining 2002 yil oktyabr oyida ANAni qayta tiklash bo'yicha asosiy maqsadlari quyidagilar edi:^[55]

• Ning faollashtirilishini ta'minlang Markaziy korpus shtab-kvartirasi va uning uchta brigadasi 2003 yil 1 oktyabrgacha
• Afg'oniston Moliya vazirligi / Bosh shtabni isloh qilish rejasini ishlab chiqing va amalga oshirishni boshlang
• ANA institutsional qo'llab-quvvatlash tizimlarini, shu jumladan ofitserlar va NKO maktablarini, ANA o'quv va doktrina direktsiyasini va garnizonni qo'llab-quvvatlash elementlarini yaratish.
• AQSh / Koalitsiya harbiylari, pudratchilari va Afg'onistonning fuqarolik va harbiy xizmatchilaridan iborat bo'lib, ANA qurilish dasturini boshqarish qobiliyatiga ega bo'lgan OMC-A tuzilishini loyihalash va qurish.
• Kuchni sifatini ta'minlash va samarali axborot operatsiyalarini o'tkazish orqali ANAga xalqaro va afg'on ichki yordamini va ularga bo'lgan ishonchni oshirish.

Kobul tashqarisida birinchi joylashishni ANA 3-Kandak amalga oshirdi Paktika viloyati, shu jumladan Orgun, 2003 yil yanvar oyida.^[56] 2003 yil yanvariga qadar beshdan 1700 dan oshiq askar Qandaklar (batalyonlar ) 10 haftalik o'quv kursini tamomlagan va 2003 yil o'rtalariga qadar jami 4000 ta qo'shin o'qitilgan. Taxminan 1000 nafar ANA askarlari AQSh boshchiligida joylashtirilgan Jangchi supurish operatsiyasi, Afg'oniston qo'shinlari uchun birinchi yirik jangovar operatsiyani nishonlash. Ishga qabul qilishning dastlabki muammolari mintaqaviy sarkardalar hamkorligining etishmasligi va xalqaro miqyosdagi izchil qo'llab-quvvatlashga bog'liq edi. Dasht muammosi dastlabki kunlarda kuchni kuchaytirdi: 2003 yil yozida qochish darajasi 10 foizni tashkil etdi va 2004 yil mart o'rtalarida hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra 3000 askar qochib ketgan. Ishga yollanganlarning ba'zilari 18 yoshga to'lmagan va ko'pchilik o'qish va yozishni bilmagan. Faqat pashtu tilida gaplashadigan yollovchilar qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishdi, chunki ko'rsatmalar odatda dariy tilida so'zlashadigan tarjimonlar orqali berilardi.

The Afg'onistonning yangi boshlanishi dasturi (ANBP) 2003 yil 6 aprelda boshlangan va 2003 yil oktyabrda sobiq armiya xodimlarini qurolsizlantirishni boshlaydi.^[57] 2004 yil mart oyida Afg'onistonning g'arbiy qismida ikki mahalliy qurolli kuchlar o'rtasida jang bo'lib o'tdi Hirot. Bu haqda xabar berildi Mirvays Sodiq (lashkarboshi Ismoil Xonning o'g'li) noaniq sharoitlarda o'ldirildi. Shundan so'ng 100 kishining o'limiga sabab bo'lgan katta mojaro boshlandi. Jang Ismoil Xon qo'shinlari va Sodiqning o'limida ayblangan katta mahalliy harbiy qo'mondon Abdul Zohir Nayebzada o'rtasida bo'lib o'tdi.^[58] Nayebzada Afg'oniston militsiyasi kuchlarining 17-Hirot diviziyasiga qo'mondonlik qildi. 4-korpus. Janglarga javoban, vaziyatni nazorat ostiga olish uchun HEROTga yangi o'qitilgan 1500 ga yaqin askar yuborildi.

Jangovar qandoqlardan tashqari mintaqaviy tuzilmalar tashkil etilishi 2004 yil 1 sentyabrda rejalashtirilgan besh korpus qo'mondonidan to'rt nafari va ularning bir qismi tayinlangandan so'ng boshlandi. Birinchi mintaqaviy qo'mondonlik 19 sentyabrda Qandahorda tashkil etildi; ikkinchisi 22 sentyabrda Gardezda, Mozori Sharif va Hirotda buyruqlar rejalashtirilgan.^[59] Gardez buyrug'i, shuningdek AFPS hikoyasida 203 korpus, 200 askardan iborat dastlabki kuchga ega bo'lishi kerak edi. Qandahorning buyrug'i birinchi bo'lib faollashtirildi, so'ngra Gardez va Mozori-Sharif. Hirot buyrug'i 28 sentyabrda faollashtirilganga o'xshaydi. Keyingi yil ANA soni 20 mingga yaqin askarga etdi, ularning aksariyati Qo'shma Shtatlar kuchlari tomonidan tayyorlandi. Ayni paytda, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining muhandislar korpusi (USACE) tez o'sib borayotgan ANA uchun yangi harbiy bazalarni qurishni boshladi.

ANA qurilishi Lager Lager yilda Hirot viloyati (2005)

O'n to'rt nafar ayol askar o'zlarining bitiruv marosimiga kirishmoqda Kobul harbiy o'quv markazi (KMTC)

The Afg'onistonni tiklash bo'yicha maxsus bosh inspektor (SIGAR) 2013 yil yanvar oyida shunday dedi:^[75]

ANSF kuchini aniqlash muammolarga to'la. AQSh va koalitsiya kuchlari o'zlarining shaxsiy soni to'g'risida hisobot berishda afg'on kuchlariga tayanadi. Bundan tashqari, Xavfsizlikning o'tish davri qo'mondonligi - Afg'oniston (CSTC-A) ta'kidlashicha, Afg'oniston milliy armiyasida "ularning shaxsiy tarkibini tasdiqlashning hech qanday hayotiy usuli" mavjud emas. SIGAR AQShning ANSFga moliyaviy yordami aniq hisobot berilgan xodimlar soniga asoslanganligini aniqlash uchun ushbu masalani kuzatishda davom etadi.

Kuchli bo'lishiga qaramay Toliblar qo'zg'oloni va Afg'oniston duch keladigan boshqa ko'plab muammolar, ANA yillar davomida tobora kengayib bormoqda. 2013 yil boshiga kelib, hisobotlarda 200 ming ANA qo'shini borligi aytilgan. Ular tomonidan o'qitilmoqda Xalqaro xavfsizlikka yordam berish kuchlari ostida NATO o'quv missiyasi - Afg'oniston. ANA safiga ayol askarlar soni ham ko'paymoqda. Ostida AQSh-Afg'oniston strategik sheriklik to'g'risidagi bitim, Qo'shma Shtatlar Afg'onistonni a NATOga a'zo bo'lmagan asosiy ittifoqchi va ANAni kamida 2024 yilgacha moliyalashtirishga kelishib oldi. Bunga askarlarning ish haqi, o'qitish va qurol-yarog 'bilan ta'minlash va boshqa barcha harbiy xarajatlar kiradi.

Armiyada xizmat qilayotgan askarlar dastlab o'quv paytida oyiga 30 dollar, bitirgandan so'ng oyiga 50 dollar oladilar, ammo o'qitilgan askarlar uchun asosiy maosh 165 dollarga ko'tarildi. Ushbu boshlang'ich ish haqi o'rtacha xavfsizlik muammolari bo'lgan hududda oyiga 230 dollargacha va og'ir janglar bo'lgan viloyatlarda 240 dollarga ko'tariladi.^[76] Harbiy xizmatda bo'lgan erkaklar va ayollarning 95 foiziga ish haqi to'lanadi elektron pul o'tkazmalari.^[77] Maxsus biometriya har bir askarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish paytida foydalaniladi.^[78]

Amaliyotlar

Ushbu bo'limda bir nechta muammolar mavjud. Iltimos yordam bering uni yaxshilang yoki ushbu masalalarni muhokama qiling munozara sahifasi. (Ushbu shablon xabarlarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling) Ushbu bo'lim mumkin talab qilish tozalamoq Vikipediya bilan tanishish uchun sifat standartlari. Muayyan muammo: Shubhasiz, ushbu bo'lim ANA (yoki uning oldingi tashkilotlari) tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan barcha operatsiyalarni qamrab ololmaydi, chunki har yili ularning soni yuzlab, hatto minglab bo'lsa. Shuning uchun, ushbu bo'lim eng diqqatga sazovor operatsiyalarga e'tiborni qaratishi kerak (ehtimol, uni aks ettirish uchun bo'limning nomini o'zgartirish). "Diqqatga sazovor" operatsiyalar uchun mumkin bo'lgan mezonlar: keng ko'lamli, mojaroga katta strategik ta'sir, fuqarolik jamiyatiga (garovga zarar etkazish) ta'sir qiladigan boshqa jihatlarga katta ta'sir yoki xalqaro miqyosdagi ta'sirlar. Ayni paytda nima uchun ushbu operatsiyalar ushbu ma'noda eng diqqatga sazovor ekanligi aniq emas va o'quvchi nima uchun amaldagi operatsiyalar ro'yxati ushbu ro'yxatga kiritilganligi haqida hayron qolmoqda. Bundan tashqari, bo'lim boshida faqat diqqatga sazovor operatsiyalarni tanlashni ta'kidlash kerak. Va nihoyat, bo'lim voqealarni yanada tizimli va izchil ravishda taqdim etishi uchun, har bir yopiq operatsiya uchun taxminan teng miqdordagi ma'lumot bilan yozilishi kerak. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu bo'limni yaxshilang Agar imkoningiz bo'lsa. (Noyabr 2019) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling) Ushbu bo'lim bo'lishi kerak yangilangan. Sabab berilgan: Ushbu bo'lim tomonidan ko'rib chiqilgan so'nggi voqealar 2012 yilga tegishli. Iltimos, ushbu maqolani so'nggi voqealarni yoki yangi mavjud ma'lumotlarni aks ettirish uchun yangilang. (Noyabr 2019) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

209-korpusning ANA askarlari isyonchilarga qarshi bo'lajak operatsiyalarga tayyorgarlik ko'rishmoqda Bag'lon viloyati.

31 va 33-Qandakdagi ANA qo'shinlari 2012 yil yanvar oyida Vodiydagi toshqin operatsiyasiga jo'nab ketishdi.

ANA askarlari, 4-Kandak, 2-brigada, 203-korpus, otishma a D30 olovni sertifikatlash paytida гаubitsa. Muvaffaqiyatli sertifikatlangan akkumulyator endi Orgun-E Forward Operation Base-ga joylashadi, Paktika viloyati, Pokiston chegarasi bo'ylab operatsiyalarni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun.

Avtohalokatdan keyin Kam Air Flight 904 2005 yilda ISAF vertolyotni qutqarish bo'yicha ko'plab muvaffaqiyatsiz urinishlarni amalga oshirdi. ANA askarlari ham samolyotni qidirishdi. Mudofaa vazirligi ANA Markaziy Korpusiga jabrlanganlarni tirik deb taxmin qilingan qutqarishga urinish uchun guruh tuzishni buyurdi. Halokat joyi Chaperi tog'ining cho'qqisida, 3200 km sharqdan 3200 km balandlikda 11000 fut (3400 m) balandlikda bo'lgan. Kobul.^[79]

2007 yil mart oyida ANA Qandahor yaqinida Mulla Mahmud nomi bilan tanilgan yuqori darajadagi Tolibon rahbarini qo'lga oldi. Mahmud Qandahor viloyatida xudkushlik hujumlarini uyushtirishda gumon qilingan. Afg'oniston Milliy xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan olib borilgan mustaqil operatsiyalarning birida qirq to'qqizdan ortiq toliblar o'ldirildi.^[80] 2007 yil mart oyida qutqarish operatsiyasida afg'on kuchlari o'zlarining Mi-8 vertolyotlarini joylashtirdilar va toshqin qurbonlarini G'orbon tumanida evakuatsiya qildilar. Parvon viloyati. Afg'on askarlari xavfsiz joylarga 383 oilani xavfsiz evakuatsiya qilishdi.^[81] Xuddi shu oyda, an Afg'oniston-Pokiston chegarasidagi to'qnashuv yaqinida xabar berilgan Durand chizig'i chegara, ammo qurbonlar bo'lmagan.^[82]

ANA kichik mustaqil operatsiyalarni boshladi va 2009 yil bahorida keng ko'lamli operatsiyalarga kengaytirildi.^[83] 2009 yildan 2013 yil o'rtalariga qadar NATO boshchiligidagi Afg'oniston bo'ylab jangari guruhlarga qarshi yuzlab afg'on operatsiyalari o'tkazildi, ularning ba'zilari kichik, boshqalari esa yirik edi.

2018 yil 9 oktyabrda vakili Afg'oniston politsiyasi Kobulda shimolidagi Javazin viloyatida Tolibon tomonidan uyushtirilgan hujumda 12 afg'on askari o'ldirilgan va yana 10 nafari yaralangani aytilgan.^[84]

• Axilles operatsiyasi

ANA ISAF bilan bir qatorda toliblar ekstremistik tayanch punktlarini muvaffaqiyatli jalb qildi. Ushbu operatsiya 2007 yil 6 martda shimolni barqarorlashtirish uchun boshlangan Hilmand viloyati. Bu rekonstruktsiya ishlarini boshlashga imkon beradi.^[85]

• Muso Qala jangi

10 oy Tolibon qo'lida bo'lganidan so'ng Musa Qala shahri ISAF va koalitsiya ko'magida ANA tomonidan qaytarib olindi. Tolibon qo'zg'olonchilari asosan shimolga tarqalib ketishgan.

• "Panter panjasi" operatsiyasi

"Panchai Palang" operatsiyasi yoki "Panter panjasi" operatsiyasi, Buyuk Britaniya tomonidan Helmand viloyatida o'tkazilgan harbiy operatsiya edi. Afg'oniston va ISAF operatsiya uchun jami 3000 askarni jalb qildi. Ittifoq ushbu harakatga aloqador Tolibon isyonchilarini nishonga olgan giyohvand moddalar savdosi. Jang AQSh-Afg'oniston bilan bir vaqtda o'tdi Qilich urishi operatsiyasi.

• "Eagle's Flight" operatsiyasi

ANA artilleriyasi xodimlari "Eagle's Flight" mashqida "Sorkh" patrul bazasida tungi topshiriqni bajarish paytida bir nechta D-30 artilleriyasini o'qqa tutdilar. ANA ning 4-brigadasi 2012 yil iyul oyida muvaffaqiyatli jonli o't o'chirish artilleriyasining o'q otishidan keyin koalitsiya patrul bazalari tashqarisida qurolli otryadlarni joylashtirishga qadam qo'ygan edi. "Eagle's Flight" mashqlari 2-akkumulyator yoki Canon Tolayning yaxshilanayotgan qobiliyatini namoyish etdi, chunki ular kuchli portlovchi, tutun va yoritgichlar Qandahor shimolidagi Sorx Bid patrul bazasi yaqinidagi belgilangan nishon maydoniga. 3-batalyon Avstraliya qirollik polki Vazifa guruhi (3 RAR TG) hujumni qo'llab-quvvatlash bo'yicha ustozi kapitan Raj Chetti ANA uzoq vaqt davomida mahalliy aholini samarali himoya qilib kelganini aytdi. "Batareya biz kelishimizdan oldin yaxshi o'qitilgan va o'qitilgan edi, va hozirda ular foydalanishga tayyor bo'lgan bir bosqichda, biz u erga chiqishdan oldin shunchaki yakuniy baholarni o'tkazmoqdamiz."^[86]

• Xanjar operatsiyasi (Qilich zarbasi)

Qilich urishi operatsiyasi yoki "Xanjar" operatsiyasi 2009 yil 2-iyul kuni erta tongda bo'linmalar Helmand daryosi vodiysiga ko'chib kirgandan so'ng boshlandi. 2-dengiz ekspeditsiya brigadasi shuningdek, ISAF samolyotlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan 650 afg'on askari jalb qilingan. Ushbu operatsiya, shuningdek, havo kemalari hujumidan keyingi eng yirik hujum bo'ldi Vetnam urushi.

O'qitish va dolzarb muammolar

Ushbu bo'limda bir nechta muammolar mavjud. Iltimos yordam bering uni yaxshilang yoki ushbu masalalarni muhokama qiling munozara sahifasi. (Ushbu shablon xabarlarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling) Ushbu bo'lim mumkin talab qilish tozalamoq Vikipediya bilan tanishish uchun sifat standartlari. Muayyan muammo: Ushbu bo'lim erkin bog'langan bayonotlar to'plami kabi ko'rinadi. Ushbu bo'lim yanada izchil va ixchamroq tarzda qayta yozilishi kerak, bu o'quvchiga ANA mashg'ulotlari holati to'g'risida umumiy ma'lumot beradi. Ehtimol, ushbu bo'limda ba'zan keraksiz ko'rinadigan tafsilotlarni olib tashlash orqali. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu bo'limni yaxshilang Agar imkoningiz bo'lsa. (Noyabr 2019) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling) Ushbu bo'lim bo'lishi kerak yangilangan. Sabab berilgan: Ushbu bo'lim tomonidan ko'rib chiqilgan so'nggi voqealar va ma'lumotlar 2013 yilga tegishli. Iltimos, ushbu maqolani so'nggi voqealarni yoki yangi mavjud ma'lumotlarni aks ettirish uchun yangilang. (Noyabr 2019) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Qanday qilib tozalash kerakligi haqida o'qituvchilar qo'lbola portlovchi qurilmalar Yo'llarda (IED)

General-leytenant Aminulloh Karim Kobuldagi Kobul harbiy o'quv markazida askarlar bilan suhbatlashmoqda

Yangi o'qitilgan askarlar birinchi davrning qasamyod marosimini o'qiydilar bridmals G'ozi harbiy o'quv markazida (NK) Kobul viloyati.

Polkovnik Shirin Shoh Kovbandi taqdirlash marosimida askarlarga nutq so'zlamoqda Hilmand viloyati

ANA Tibbiyotni umumiy qo'llab-quvvatlash bo'limi farmatsevti, mayor A. Vohid Naiz (markazning o'ng tomonida) va uning yordamchisi (o'ngda) ANA askariga klinikada bo'lganida dori-darmonlarni berishdi. Pawawan viloyati.

Kandak mobil zarbalar kuchiga tayinlangan ANA askari, Helmand viloyatining Shorabak lageridagi Mobil zarba berish kuchlari maslahatchilari guruhi bilan dengiz piyoda askarlari tomonidan boshqariladigan jonli otish mashqlari paytida RPG-7 raketa-qo'zg'atuvchi quroldan o'q uzmoqda.

Turli xil Xalqaro xavfsizlikka yordam berish kuchlari va "Doimiy Ozodlik" operatsiyasi - Afg'oniston ANAni yaratishda o'z hissasini qo'shadigan mamlakatlar turli xil majburiyatlarni o'z zimmalariga olishgan. Ushbu turli xil harakatlar koalitsiya tomonidan boshqariladi Xavfsizlik o'tish davri qo'mondonligi - Afg'oniston (CSTC-A), shtab-kvartirasi markazida joylashgan uch yulduzli ko'p millatli buyruq Kobul. ANA tomonidan 2006 yil iyul holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash] armiyadagi barcha ta'lim va tarbiya yangi tashkil etilganlar tomonidan boshqariladi va amalga oshiriladi Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi o'quv qo'mondonligi (ANATC), to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Bosh shtab boshlig'iga bo'ysunadigan ikki yulduzli buyruq. Barcha o'quv markazlari va harbiy maktablar ANATC shtab-kvartirasida. Koalitsiya kuchlari rasmiy mashg'ulotlarga rahbarlik qilish va qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun ANA bilan hamkorlik qilmoqda Ishchi guruh Feniks. Ushbu dastur 2003 yil aprel oyida rasmiylashtirildi Kobul harbiy o'quv markazi jamoaviy va individual mashg'ulotlarni, murabbiylikni va koalitsiya kuchlarini qo'llab-quvvatlashni muvofiqlashtirish.

ISAF davrida AQSh ETTlarida maslahatchilar (O'rnatilgan o'quv guruhlari ) yoki NATO OMLTlari (Operatsion ustoz va aloqa guruhi ) ANA va ISAF o'rtasida aloqador sifatida faoliyat yuritgan. ETT va OMLT operatsion rejalashtirishni muvofiqlashtirdi va ANA bo'linmalarining qo'llab-quvvatlanishini ta'minladi.^[87]

Shaxsiy asosiy tayyorgarlik asosan Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi o'qituvchilari va ANATCning poytaxtning sharqiy chekkasida joylashgan Kobul harbiy o'quv markazining xodimlari tomonidan olib boriladi. ANA hanuzgacha qo'llab-quvvatlanmoqda, ammo har xil darajadagi CSTC-A nazorati, murabbiyligi va yordami bilan. The AQSh qurolli kuchlari ning asosiy va malakasini oshirishda yordam beradi ro'yxatga olingan ishga qabul qiladi, shuningdek, boshlang'ich o'quv kurslari uchun yangi o'quv nodavlat notijorat tashkilotlarini ishlab chiqaradigan Drill Instructor School-ni boshqaradi. Hali o'qishni bilmagan ishga qabul qiluvchilar uchun zarur bo'lgan savodxonlik kurslarini o'z ichiga olgan asosiy ta'lim kengaytirildi.

A Frantsiya armiyasi maslahat guruhi Kobul harbiy o'quv markazida joylashgan "Ofitserlarni tayyorlash brigadasi" deb nomlangan qo'shma komissiya / piyoda askarlar tayyorlash bo'linmasida xodimlar va vzvod yoki toli (rota) qo'mondonligi uchun ofitserlarning tayyorgarligini nazorat qiladi. Vzvod va toli-qo'mondonlik kurslarida OTB nomzodlari, odatda, sobiq militsiya va mujohiddinlarning turli darajadagi harbiy tajribaga ega rahbarlari.

Birlashgan Qirollik shuningdek, ofitserlar nomzodlari maktabida piyoda askarlarni dastlabki o'qitish va ishga tushirishni amalga oshiradi. OCS ma'muriy jihatdan OTB nazorati ostida bo'lsa-da, funktsional jihatdan alohida saqlanadi. OCS nomzodlari - harbiy tajribasi kam yoki umuman bo'lmagan yigitlar. The Britaniya armiyasi shuningdek, dastlabki va ilg'or o'tkazing Amalga oshirilmagan ofitser shuningdek, alohida NCO o'quv brigadasida o'qitish.

The Kanada kuchlari Dastlabki harbiy mashg'ulotlarning birlashgan o'quv mashg'ulotlari qismini nazorat qilish, bu erda stajer askarlar, NKO va ofitserlar dala o'quv mashg'ulotlarida birlashtiriladi. vzvod, toli (kompaniya) va kandak (batalyon) ularni dalada ishlashga tayyorligini tasdiqlovchi darajalar. Mintaqaviy korpusda ANA qatoridagi kandaklar Koalitsiyani biriktirdilar O'rnatilgan o'quv guruhlari kandak rahbariyatiga ustozlik qilishni davom ettiradi va razvedka, aloqa, o't o'chirish, moddiy-texnika va piyoda askarlar taktikasi sohasida maslahat beradi.

Rasmiy ta'lim va malaka oshirish hozirgi kunda ANATCning ikkita asosiy maktabida, ham Kobulda olib borilmoqda. The Afg'oniston Milliy harbiy akademiyasi, yaqin joylashgan Kobul xalqaro aeroporti, to'rt yillik harbiy universitet bo'lib, unda turli xil harbiy kasblar bo'yicha ikkinchi darajali leytenantlar tayyorlanadi. NMAA ning birinchi kadetlar sinfi 2006 yilning bahorida ikkinchi o'quv yiliga kirdi. AQSh va Turkiya o'qituvchilaridan iborat kontingent NMAA professor-o'qituvchilari va xodimlariga birgalikda rahbarlik qilmoqda. Kobulning janubida joylashgan qo'mondonlik va shtab kolleji o'rta darajadagi ANA ofitserlarini brigada va korpus shtablarida xizmat qilishga tayyorlaydi. Frantsiya 2004 yil boshida CGSC-ni tashkil etdi va frantsuz armiyasi o'qituvchilari kadrlari maktabdagi ishlarni nazorat qilishni davom ettirmoqdalar. Kobulning shimoli-g'arbiy qismidagi potentsial joyda Milliy mudofaa universiteti ham tashkil etiladi. Oxir-oqibat ofitserlarning barcha dastlabki tayyorgarligi (NMAA tarkibiga kiradi) hamda CGSC yangi NDU muassasasiga joylashtiriladi.

Avstraliya boshchiligidagi Xalqaro artilleriya tayyorlash guruhi podpolkovnigi Keyn Manginning so'zlariga ko'ra, Kobuldagi ANA artilleriya o'quv maktabida ANA artilleriya filialining D-30 гаubitsalaridan foydalangan holda 23 ga yaqin artilleriya batareyalari uchun etarli ofitserlar va NKOlarni tayyorlash kutilmoqda.

Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi ofitserlarining katta sonlari o'qitish uchun yuboriladi Hindiston yoki da Hindiston harbiy akademiyasi yilda Dehradun, Milliy mudofaa akademiyasi yaqin Pune yoki Ofitserlar tayyorlash akademiyasi yilda Chennay. 1932 yildan beri faoliyat yuritib kelayotgan Hindiston harbiy akademiyasi armiya ofitserlariga 4 yillik ilmiy darajani taqdim etadi, Milliy mudofaa akademiyasi esa uch martalik xizmat kolleji bo'lib, 3 yillik diplomni beradi, undan so'ng ofitserlar 1 yillik ixtisoslashuvdan o'tadilar. tegishli xizmat ko'rsatish kollejlari. Boshqa tomondan, Ofitserlarni tayyorlash akademiyasi aspirant nomzodlariga 49 haftalik kursni taqdim etadi. 2014 yilda Hindistonda o'qiyotgan afg'on zobitlari soni qariyb 1100 kishini tashkil etdi.^[88]

2009 yilgi xabarlarga ko'ra, Afg'oniston Milliy armiyasi samarasizlik va korrupsiyaga duchor bo'lgan.^[89] Korruptsiya, keng tarqalgan savodsizlik, yo'qolib borayotgan materiallar va tartib-intizom yo'qligi tufayli AQShning o'quv mashg'ulotlari keskin sekinlashdi.^[90] Afg'onistondagi NATO o'quv missiyasi qo'mondoni o'rinbosari Jek Kem, ANAda savodxonlik darajasi 2012 yil yanvar oyiga qadar 50 foizdan oshishini aytdi. Ixtiyoriy savodxonlik dasturi boshlangandan beri boshlang'ich mashg'ulotlar uchun majburiy bo'lib qoldi. 2011 yil.^[72]

Afg'oniston milliy armiyasining yana bir muhim muammosi - bu yuqori darajadagi giyohvandlik uning askarlari orasida. Afg'onistonni qayta tiklash bo'yicha maxsus tergovchining ma'lum qilishicha, ANA giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qiladigan askarlari soni "kamida 50 foizni" tashkil qilmoqda va ba'zi xabarlarga ko'ra, afg'on askarlarining 75 foizini tashkil qilishi mumkin.^[91]

2009 yilda yangi, ishlamagan bir birlikda Bag'lon viloyati, ba'zi askarlar jang qilishdan ko'ra zovurlarda qiyshaygan holda topilgan.^[92] Some were suspected of collaborating with the Taliban against NATO or engaging in reciprocal exchanges on offensives or unsanctioned psychological warfare through boasts or using their knowledge to communicate with friends or family in the battlezone. "They don't have the basics, so they lay down," said Capt. Michael Bell, who is one of a team of U.S. and Hungarian mentors tasked with training Afghan soldiers. "I ran around for an hour trying to get them to shoot, getting fired on. I couldn't get them to shoot their weapons.".^[93] For example, in multiple firefights during the February 2010 NATO offensive in Helmand Province, many Afghan soldiers did not aim — they pointed their M16 rifles in the rough direction of the incoming small-arms fire and pulled their triggers without putting rifle sights to their eyes. Their rifle muzzles were often elevated several degrees high.^[94] During the battle for Combat Outpost Keating in October 2009, ANA troops ran away, hid under their beds, and stole from the American barracks.^[95]

Desertion remains a problem. One in every four combat soldiers quit the army during the 12-month period ending in September 2009, according to data from the AQSh Mudofaa vazirligi and the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. The problem was so severe that the Army was forced to write off 2,000 soldiers and officers in a usual month. In order to filter potential deserters from the rank, some of the soldiers are trained by being deployed in real operations.^[96] According to NATO statistics, the attrition rate averaged 32 per cent annually over the 12 months that ended in November 2011.^[97] 2011 yil dekabrda, Globe and Mail stated that due to problems with officers calculating the number of soldiers within their own ranks, "one educated guess at the true size of the Afghan army puts the force at perhaps 100,000 personnel on duty".^[98] A study published in the U.S. professional journal Harbiy sharh in 2009 estimated the ANA could never grow larger than 100,000 men, because it is currently losing 42% of the entire force every year to desertion and non-reenlistment.^[99]

2011 yil dekabrda Mohammad Zahir Azimi, spokesman of the Ministry of Defense, said the ANA numbered 180,000 soldiers, which is expected to reach at least 240,000 soldiers in the coming years.^[100]

Construction of ANA base in southern Afghanistan

According to statements made by Colonel Thomas McGrath in October 2007, the coalition supporting the build-up of the ANA has seen progress and is pleased with the Afghan performance in recent exercises. McGrath estimated that the ANA should be capable of carrying out independent brigade-size operations by the spring of 2008.^[101] However, as of October 1, 2011, four years after McGrath's estimated date for independent brigade-size operations, not a single one of the ANA's 180 kandaks can carry out independent operations, much less an entire brigade.^[102] According to a 2009 news report, the ANA has been plagued by inefficiency and corruption.^[89] Training efforts have been drastically slowed by the corruption, widespread illiteracy, vanishing supplies, and lack of discipline.^[90][103] Qo'shma Shtatlarning fikriga ko'ra Davlat buxgalteriya idorasi, the illiteracy problem has been a major contributing factor to the ongoing shortage of non-commissioned officers, and of enlisted men trained in technical skills, because according to the report, these positions require greater literacy.^[104] Umumiy Jon Allen stated in 2013 that more than 50% of the ANA can read and write at a first grade level.^[105] What began as a voluntary literacy program became mandatory for basic army training in early 2011.^[72]

In some cases, US trainers have reported missing vehicles, weapons and other military equipment, and outright theft of fuel provided by the U.S.^[93] Death threats have also been leveled against some U.S. officers who tried to stop Afghan soldiers from stealing. Some Afghan soldiers often find improvised explosive devices and snip the command wires instead of marking them and waiting for U.S. forces to come to detonate them. The Americans say this just allows the insurgents to return and reconnect them.^[93] US trainers frequently had to remove the cell phones of Afghan soldiers hours before a mission for fear that the operation will be compromised by bragging, gossip and reciprocal warnings.^[106]

In other cases NATO trainers spent large amounts of time verifying that Afghan rosters are accurate – that they are not padded with "ghosts" being "paid" by Afghan commanders who quietly collected the bogus wages.^[107]

Germany alleged that the US military took 15% of €50 million the German government gave to a trust fund to build up the ANA.^[108]

According to Marin Strmecki, a member of the Defense Policy Board and a former top Pentagon adviser on Afghanistan in a speech to the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati, "the Afghan Army should increase to 250,000 soldiers ... Only when Afghan security forces reaches those numbers would they achieve the level necessary for success in counterinsurgency."^[109] In 2009, U.S. President Barak Obama called for an expansion of the Afghan National Army to 260,000 soldiers. The cost would reach $20 billion and provide the army with more modern equipment.^[109] Sales of US Arms to Afghanistan alone totaled nearly $20 billion for fiscal years 2009 through 2011.^[110]

As of mid-2012, a steadily increasing concern over the past couple of years, while still not reflective of the readiness and state of Afghan forces and police as a whole, are the deaths of U.S. and coalition forces at the hands of Afghan forces. These individuals are either Taliban or other militant infiltrators, disaffected or disturbed soldiers, turncoats, or who were disturbed by perceived and/or actual improper conduct by coalition forces. It has worsened enough to the point where two decrees were issued by the Defense Department in the summer of 2012 stating that all American personnel serving in Afghanistan are told to carry a magazine with their weapon at all times, and that when a group of American troops is present and on duty and Afghan forces are also present, one American serviceman must stand apart on guard with a ready weapon.^[111]

On July 30, 2013, U.S. Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense Peter Lavoy told reporters in Washington D.C., according to Jeynning mudofaasi haftaligi, that '... a residual [U.S.] force would be needed to help the ANSF complete more mundane tasks such as logistics, ensuring soldiers get their paychecks, procuring food, awarding fuel contracts, and more.'^[112] Lavoy noted that the Afghans are still developing those skills and it will be "well beyond the 2014 date" before they are expected to be capable.

Hajmi

A table of the size of the Afghan army over time is listed below.^[113]

Zobitlar

Despite its size, Afghan national army has close to 1,000 officers with the rank of general which is more than the number of generals in the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasi.^[114]

Tuzilishi

A January 2011 NATO o'quv missiyasi - Afg'oniston information paper described the ANA as being led by the Bosh shtab boshlig'i, supervising the Vice Chief of the General Staff, the Vice Chief of the Armed Forces (an Air Force officer), the Director of the General Staff, himself supervising the General Staff itself, and seven major commands. The ANA Ground Force Command, under a lieutenant general, directed the five ground forces corps and the 111th Capital Division. The other six commands included the ANA Special Operations Command, Army Support Command, the ANA Recruiting Command (ANAREC), the HSSB, and the Detainee Guard Force.^[115]

Amongst support facilities is the Chimtallah National Ammunition Depot, a Central Ammunition Depot.

Joylar

Kandak

The basic unit in the Afghan National Army is the kandak (battalion), consisting of 600 troops. Kandaks may be further broken down into four toli (company).^[116] Although the vast majority of kandaks are infantry, at least one mechanized and one tank kandak have been formed; more may be planned. Every ANA Corps was assigned commando kandaks.

2005 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], 28 of the 31 Afghan National Army kandaks were ready for combat operations and many had already participated in them. At least nine brigades were planned at this time, each consisting of six kandaks. By March 2007, half of the ANA had been achieved with 46 of the planned 76 Afghan kandaks operating in the fore or in concert with NATO forces.

Seven Quick Reaction Forces (QRF) kandaks were created in 2012–13, one kandak for each of the ANA's corps and divisions. They are being created by converting existing infantry kandaks into QRF kandaks at the NMAA Armour Branch School. The QRF kandaks were trained and fielded in 2012 and 2013. The QRF kandaks were the first major ANA users of armoured vehicles.^[117]

Brigadalar

A total of 14 regionally oriented brigades were planned for 2008. According to Xavfsizlik o'tish davri qo'mondonligi - Afg'oniston (CSTC-A) thirteen of these brigades were to be infantry, one to be mechanized and one was a commando.

Korpus

Askarlari 209-korpus yilda Balx viloyati

Askarlari 215-korpus yilda Hilmand viloyati

Currently the Afghan National Army maintains seven korpuslar; each corps is responsible for one major area of the country. Each corps has three to four subordinate brigades, and each brigade has four infantry kandaks (battalions) as its basic fighting units. Each infantry kandak is assigned a specific area for which it is responsible; the kandak's mission is to secure its area from internal and external threats. Originally, the four outlying corps were assigned one or two brigades, with the majority of the manpower of the Army based in Kabul's 201st Corps. This was superseded by a buildup in which each corps added extra brigades. Establishment of the corps started when four regional corps commanders and some of their staff were appointed in September 2004.

Seven serve as regional land commands for the ANA:

• 201-korpus (Kobul ) – 1st Brigade is at the Prezident saroyi. 3rd Brigade, at Pol-e-Chakri, is to be a mechanised formation including M-113s^[118] and Soviet-built main battle tanks.^[119] Later information from LongWarJournal.org places most of the 3rd Brigade at Jalolobod, Second Brigade at Pol-e-Charkhi, and only a single kandak of First Brigade at the Presidential Palace.^[120] The corps is charged with operation in eastern Afghanistan, including Kabul, Logar, Kapisa, Konar, and Laghman. Its battlespace includes the Afghan capital of Kabul as well as vital routes running north and south, and valleys leading from the Pakistani border into Afghanistan. Currently the Third Brigade of the 201st Corps is the only unit that has control of an javobgarlik sohasi in Afghanistan without the aid or assistance of U.S. or coalition forces for its command system.^[121]
• 203rd Corps (Gardez ) The original Gardez Regional Command was established on 23 September 2004.^[122] As of 2009, First Brigade, Xost, Second Brigade, Forward Operating Base Rushmore, Sharana, Paktika viloyati, Third Brigade, G'azni. On 19 Oct 2006, as part of "Mountain Fury" operatsiyasi, two ETTs (O'rnatilgan o'quv guruhlari ) mentored and advised a D30 artillery section from Fourth Kandak, Second Brigade, 203rd Corps, to conduct the first artillery missions during combat operations with harassment and indirect fires.^[123] Three days later, they successfully conducted counterfire (with assistance from a US Q-36 radar) that resulted in ten enemy casualties, the highest casualties inflicted from artillery fire in ANA history.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} The corps is supported by the Gardez Regional Support Squadron of the AAF, equipped with 8 helicopters: 4 transport to support the corps' commando kandak, two attack, and two medical transport.^[124]
• 205-korpus (Qandahor ) – has the responsibility for the provinces of Qandahor, Zabul, and 4th Brigade Urozgan ostida Brigadier General Zafar Khan nazorat qilish.^[125] It consists of four brigades, a commando kandak and three garrisons. The corps has integrated artillery and airlift capacity, supplied by a growing Kandahar Wing of the Afghan Air Force.^[126]
• 207-korpus (Hirot ) – 1st Brigade at Herat, 2nd Brigade at Farah va elementlar Shindand (shu jumladan komando).^[127] The corps is supported by the Herat Regional Support Squadron of the AAF, equipped with eight helicopters: four transport to support the corps' commando kandak, two attack, and two medical transport aircraft.^[124]
• 209-korpus (Mozori-Sharif ) – Works closely with the German-led Shimol mintaqaviy qo'mondonligi, and has 1st Brigade at Mazar-i-Sharif and, it appears, a Second Brigade forming at Qunduz. An Armiya muhandislari korpusi solicitation for Kunduz headquarters facilities for the Second Brigade was issued in March 2008.^[128] The corps is supported by the Mazar-i-Sharif Regional Support Squadron of the AAF, equipped with eight helicopters: four transport to support the Corps' commando kandak, two attack, and two medical transport helicopters.^[124] In October 2015, as a response to the fall of Qunduz, reports came that a new division would be formed in the area.^[129]
• 215-korpus (Lashkar Gah ) – In 2010, the Afghan government approved a sixth corps of the Afghan National Army – Corps 215 Maiwand – to be based in the Helmand capital of Lashkar Gah. The 215th was developed specifically to partner with the Marine Expeditionary Brigade in Helmand.^[130] On 28 January 2010, Sinxua reported that General Sayed Mallok would command the new corps.^[131] The corps will cover all parts of Helmand, half of Farah and most parts of southwestern Nimroz province. The corps was formally established on 1 April 2010. 1st Bde, 215th Corps, is at Garmsir, partnered with a USMC Polk jangovar jamoasi.^[132] Elements of 2nd Brigade, 215th Corps, have been reported at Forward Operating Base Delaram, Farax viloyati. 3rd Bde, 215th Corps, partnered with the UK Ishchi guruh Helmand is at Camp Shorabak.^[133]
• 217th Corps (Qunduz ) – The Afghan army established a new corps in 2019. The 20th Division, which was formerly part of the 209th Corps, became the 217th Corps. The 217th is responsible for Kunduz, Takhar, Baghlan, and Badakhshan provinces.^[134]

In late 2008 it was announced that the 201st Corps' former area of responsibility would be divided, with a Capital Division being formed in Kabul and the corps concentrating its effort further forward along the border. The new division, designated the 111th Capital Division, became operational in April 2009.^[135] It has a First Brigade and Second Brigade (both forming) as well as a Headquarters Special Security Brigade.

ANA Special Operations Command

From mid-2011, the ANA began establishing an ANA Special Operations Command (ANASOC) to control the ANA Commando Brigade and the ANA Special Forces. It is headquartered at Camp Moorehead in Vardak viloyati, located six miles south of Kabul.^[136][137] In 2011, ANASOC consisted of 7,809 commandos and 646 special forces personnel.^[138]

In July 2012, the Special Operations Command was officially established as a division-sized special operations force formation, including a command and staff. The command, with the status of a division, now boasts between 10,000 and 11,000 special operations soldiers.^[139][140] Previously this was organised as one brigade with 8 kandaks, all with a minimum of 6 companies. Due to the standard size of a brigade in the ANA, the ANASOC is likely to be split into 3 – 4 brigades, one of which will be a Special Forces Brigade.

ANASOC now has an attached Air Force Special Mission Wing which was inaugurated in July 2012.^[141] With the December 2017 approval of the FY 2018 tashkil, ANASOC is authorized 16,040 personnel, organized into four Special Operations Brigades (SOB) and a National Mission Brigade (NMB).^[138]

ANA Commando Corps

Afghan commandos from the Sixth Commando Kandak wait for two Mi-17 vertolyotlari Afg'oniston havo kuchlari (AAF) to land as they practice infiltration techniques at Camp Morehead in the outer regions of Kabul.

In July 2007 the ANA graduated its first komandoslar. The commandos underwent a grueling three-month course being trained by American Special Operations Forces. They are fully equipped with U.S. equipment and have received specialized light infantry training with the capability to conduct raids, direct action, and reconnaissance in support of counterinsurgency operations; and they provide a strategic response capability for the Afghan government.^[142][143] By the end of 2008, the six ANA commando battalions were to be stationed in the southern region of Afghanistan assisting the Canadian forces. As of 2017, the commando brigade grew into korpuslar size with 21,000 commandos, with their number eventually reaching 30,000 commandos. ANA commando force comprises only seven percent of the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces, but they do 70 percent to 80 percent of the fighting.^[144]

ANA Special Forces

The ANA Special Forces were first conceptualized in 2009 and established in 2010.^[145] The first Special Forces team, whose soldiers were selected from the ANA Commandos (this practice was discontinued later to preserve commando capability), finished training in May 2010. The organization is based on U.S. Army Maxsus kuchlar.^[146][147] Initially all the Special Forces candidates were planned to come from the Commando Kandak (Commando Battalion), only requiring 10 weeks of training. However, after the initial period it was planned that Special Forces recruiting was to be conducted throughout the Army, and initial Special Forces training was to be 15 weeks. Commando graduates of the special forces course will retain their 'commando' tab and will also have a 'special forces' tab on top of the commando tab and they also receive a tan beret. These candidates are normally selected after serving four years as a Commando.^[145] They were attached to teams of U.S. Special Forces operating in Kandahar province in the 2010 operation.^[148][149]

In May 2010 the first class of the ANA Special Forces graduated from their 10-week qualification course and moved on to the operational portion of their training. In November 2010, the ANA Special Forces Class 1 received their tan berets in a ceremony at Camp Morehead, Kabul Province, after completing 26 weeks of on-the-job training partnered with U.S. Special Forces. The initial selection involved taking the 145 commandos who volunteered, putting them through a one-week qualification process (similar to the one used in the United States), and finding, as in the U.S., that only about half (69) passed. These Special Forces operators formed the first four A-Teams (of 15 men each). Some of them who passed the 1st are being used to help U.S. Special Operations Forces train the 2nd class of candidates.^[150] Special Forces soldiers are trained to focus on interaction with the population through jirgas with village elders, but capable of unilateral operations.^[151] A second ANA Special Forces class completed training in December 2010.^[152]

The force numbered 646 Special Forces operators in December 2011.^[138] This unit also has female Special Forces operators to interact with female civilians, such as searches, interviews or medical examinations. There are plans to create one Special Forces platoon of just female operators so they can talk to families (women and children).^[145]

Combat Support Organizations

As the ANA has grown to almost its full size the focus has now changed to further development of the force so that it becomes self sustainable. Development of the ANA Combat Support Organizations, the Corps Logistics Kandaks, or Combat Logistics Battalions, (CLK) and the Combat Support Kandaks, or Combat Support Battalions, (CSK) is vital to self-sustainability.

Combat Support Kandaks (CSK) provide specialized services for infantry kandaks. While most ANA kandaks have a CSK they are underdeveloped and do not fit the requirements of a growing army. The CSK role includes motor fleet maintenance, specialized communications, scouting, engineering, and long range artillery units. Eventually one fully developed CSK will be assigned to each of the 24 ANA Combat Brigades.^[117]

Each CSK includes an Intelligence toli (company) called a Cashf Tolai. Each Intelligence toli is responsible for collecting information about the surrounding area and Taliban activities.^[153] The members of the unit interact closely with the local residents in an effort to deny the enemy control over the surrounding area.^[154]

In order to enable the ANA to be self-sufficient, brigades will form a Corps Logistics Kandaks (CLK) which will be responsible to providing equipment to the 90 infantry kandaks. The CSK will be responsible for the maintenance of the new heavier equipment including APCs.^[117] In the 215th Corps area, the U.S. Marine Jangovar logistika batalyoni 1 announced in January 2010 that the training of the ANA 5th Kandak, 1st Brigade, 215th ANA Corps Logistics Kandak has gone very well and that the unit was capable of undertaking the majority of day-to-day activities on their own.^[155]

Darajalar

Zobit

Ekvivalent NATO kodi	OF-10		OF-9		OF-8		OF-7		OF-6		OF-5		OF-4		OF-3		OF-2		OF-1						(D) va talaba ofitseri
Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi [ v t e ]
	Marshal مارشال		Setar jenral ستر جنرال		Dagar jenral ډگرجنرال		Turan jenral تورن جنرال		Brid jenral برید جنرال		Dagarwal ډگروال		Dagarman ډگرمن		Jagran جگرن		Jag turan جگتورن		Turon تورن		Lomri baridman لمړی بريدمن		Dvahomi baridman دوهم بریدمن		Dreyom baridman دریم بریدمن

Ro'yxatga olingan

Ekvivalent NATO kodi	OR-9						OR-8		OR-7		OR-6						OR-5						OR-4				OR-3		OR-2						OR-1
Afg'oniston milliy armiyasi [ v t e ]	Ekvivalenti yo'q																										Ekvivalenti yo'q								Belgilar yo'q
									Serjant birinchi sinf سرپرگمشر قدمدار		Xodimlar Serjant معاون سرپرگمشر قدمدار						Serjant سرپرگمشر						Ongli معاون سرپرگمشر						Xususiy birinchi sinf پرگمشر						Xususiy جندي‎‎

Etnik tarkibi

In 2003, the United States issued special guidelines to ensure ethnic balance in the ANA.^[156] By late 2012, the ANA was composed of 43% Pashtunlar, 32% Tojiklar, 12% Hazoralar, 8% O'zbeklar, and the rest were smaller Afg'onistonning etnik guruhlari.^[157] However, the army does not track the actual ethnic composition of the officer corps, so it's difficult to know if the quotas are really filled. There are no quotas for the enlisted soldiers.^[158]

Uskunalar

Since the early 1970s, the Afghan Army has been equipped with the Soviet AK-47 as its main service rifle. Today, however, the American M16 miltiq is added to usage with the AK-47. Kabi NATOga a'zo bo'lmagan asosiy ittifoqchi of the United States, Afghanistan continues to receive billions of dollars in military assistance. This includes the building of a national military command center, with training compounds across the country. Some of the weapons included American Humvees and other trucks, M16 rifles, and o'q o'tkazmaydigan jiletlar. The ANA has a contract with Xalqaro yuk mashinalari. It will provide a fleet of 2,781 trucks which can be used for transporting personnel, water, petroleum and a recovery truck.

Besides NATO, Afghanistan has been increasingly turning to its regional allies, India and Russia for military aid and supplies. Both countries supported the Shimoliy alyans, with funding, training, supplies and medical treatment of wounded fighters, against the Taliban for years prior to the U.S.-led intervention in 2001.

After the removal of the Taliban government in late 2001, India has been helping with several billion dollars invested in infrastructure development projects in Afghanistan besides the training of Afghan officers in India. But India has been unwilling to provide military aid unless under an UN-authorised peacekeeping mission. In 2014, India signed a deal with Russia and Afghanistan where it would pay Russia for all the heavy equipment requested by Afghanistan instead of directly supplying them. The deal also includes the refurbishment of heavy weapons left behind since the Soviet war.^[88][159]

Zirhli jangovar texnika

Model	Rasm	Kelib chiqishi	Turi	Raqam	Sanalar	Tafsilotlar
BMP-1		Sovet Ittifoqi	Bronetransportyorlar	40		Keyin Sovet-afg'on urushi a number of BMP-1 IFVs fell into the hands of Afghan Mujohidlar.
BMP-2				60	1987–2002	150 along with 1,500 9M111 Fagot ATGMs were ordered in 1987 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1987 and 1991 (some of the vehicles were possibly previously in Soviet service). 550 BMP-1s and BMP-2s in service in 1992. Between 60 and 80 BMP-1s and BMP-2s were delivered from Russia after 2002.
M113		Qo'shma Shtatlar		173		In 2005, 173 M113A2 APCs also entered service with the ANA.[160]
Xumvi				8,500		Up-Armored M1151 va M1152 versiyalar. In August 2010, an order was placed for a further 2,526 M1152A1 HMMWVs with B2 armor kits, for the Afghan National Guard & police.[161] 950 M1114 Humvees delivered by November 2012.[162] About 6,576 to be delivered in the next couple of years.[163]
Xalqaro MaxxPro				155		Afghanistan Defense Ministry's Spokesman, Gen. ZahirAzimi confirmed that Afghan armed forces will receive212 MRAP vehicles from the United States by the endthis year with so far being trained on how to use thereceived 40 MRAPs.
M1117			Ichki xavfsizlik vositasi	634 (over 6,000 on order)		In addition to ASV and APC configurations, other mission variants include: command and control, ambulance, engineering, maintenance, mortar, and reconnaissance vehicles. To be fully delivered by the end of 2012.

Quick Reaction Force vehicles

The Mobile Strike Force Vehicle, M1117 Guardian Armored Security Vehicle, or ASV

The Quick Reaction Forces kandaks are being organized as motorized infantry equipped with 352 Mobile Strike Force Vehicles (MSFV). Shipments of the vehicles began in November 2011,^[164] and the ANA is to take possession of the first 58 in March 2012.^[165]

There is some confusion over the exact amount and type of vehicles in the QRF with various sources giving different figures. While some sources reporting on the formation of the QRF state that 440–490 M1117s have been ordered it is unclear whether all of these will be assigned to the QRF.^[166][167] The first 18 M1117s were sent to Afghanistan in November 2011.^[164] In March 2012 the ANA will take delivery of the first 58 of 352 MSFVs which will include some or all of the M1117s.^[165]

Other sources report that 352 MSFV (which include M1117s) will be supplied to the ANA.^[165][168]

MaxxPro Dash

It is likely that 281 of the 352 MSFV will be M1117 zirhli xavfsizlik vositasi while the other 71 will be other vehicle types including the Navistar 7000 series Medium Tactical Vehicles (MTV), the 4x4 chassis of which is used for the MRAP. The US has ordered 9900 of the International MaxxPro MRAP configuration alone for the Afghan National Army and the Iraqi Army.^[169] Additional support vehicles will also be required to maintain a force such as this in the field.

In order to use the MSFV the members of the quick reaction forces must be trained in their upkeep and maintenance. This began by training Afghan instructors who will help to pass on the knowledge to the Quick Reaction Forces members with increasing levels of responsibility. Currently most of the training is being undertaken by American and French instructors.^[165]

The US Army report that the Quick Reaction Forces will be equipped with 352 Mobile Strike Force Vehicles or MSFVs. The MSFV is an updated version of a vehicle supplied by Textron Marine & Land Systems who also produce the M1117. The MSFV utilizes off the shelf parts where possible, significantly reducing costs. The standard MSFV APC can be supplied in three options: Gunner Protection Kit, with Turret and as an Armored Ambulance. By November 14, 2011, 18 had been delivered.^[170] It is currently not clear whether the 281 MSFVs are in addition to the 490 M117s or part of the order.

In March 2012 Textron Marine & Land Systems who have produced all of the existing MSFVs were awarded a contract for an additional 64 MSFV to be sent to Afghanistan. These will again be based on the M117. Three variants of MSFV are with Turret, MSFV with Objective Gunner Protection Kit; and MSFV Ambulance.^[171][172]

In April 2012 it was announced that a second option to supply a further 65 MSFV in all three variants has been awarded to Textron Marine & Land Systems. This brings the total number of MSFVs to 369.^[173]

By 7 March 2013 the Textron had received orders for 634 MSFVs. They report that 300 of these have already been fielded.^[174]

Asosiy jangovar tanklar

Model	Rasm	Kelib chiqishi	Turi	Raqam	Sanalar	Tafsilotlar
T-55		Sovet Ittifoqi	Asosiy jangovar tank	44[175]	1961–1991	50 T-54s and 50 T-55s were ordered in 1961 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1962 and 1964 (T-54s were previously in Soviet service). 200 T-54s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1979. 705 T-55s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1991.[176] There were 1,000 T-54s, T-55s, T-62s and PT-76s in service as of 1 April 1992.[177]
T-62					1973–1991	100 ordered in 1973 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1975 and 1976. 155 ordered in 1979 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1979 and 1991. T-62 variants in service with the Afghan army were T-62, T-62M and T-62M1.

Air defense/artillery

Model	Rasm	Kelib chiqishi	Turi	Raqam	Tafsilotlar
BM-21 Grad		Sovet Ittifoqi	Bir nechta raketa uchuvchisi	50
ZPU-4			Zenit qurol		Variants include ZPU-1 and ZPU-2.
ZU-23-2					Mostly left by the Soviet Union at the time of the withdrawal. Many mounted on trucks as improvised fire support systems.
ZSU-23-4			O'ziyurar havo hujumiga qarshi qurol		20 were delivered from USSR.
R-11 ScudB			SRBM		43 were delivered from USSR. Only 4 survived by 2005.
D-30			Гаubitsa	85[178]	As of September 2013 the ANA is in possession of 152 D30 howitzers, the supply of which is being coordinated by Picatinny Arsenal, the US military center for excellence in artillery. This will rise to 204 systems eventually.
130 mm tortiladigan dala qurol M1954 (M-46)
M114 155 millimetrli гаubitsa		Qo'shma Shtatlar		24[179]

Infantry weapons and other

Model	Rasm	Kelib chiqishi	Turi	Raqam	Izoh
Yengil qurollar
Makarov		Sovet Ittifoqi	Yarim avtomatik to'pponcha
TT
M9		Qo'shma Shtatlar		+15,700
Stechkin APS		Sovet Ittifoqi	To'liq avtomatik avtomat avtomat
FB PM-63		Polsha	Avtomat
Mosin-Nagant		Sovet Ittifoqi	Boltli miltiq		Ceremonial use.
AKM		Sovet Ittifoqi	Avtomat miltiq	Saqlash.
AK-47					Phased out of the service since 2008. Used by Afghan Special Forces and some regular units.
AK-74				Saqlash.
Type 56 Assault rifle		Xitoy			Saqlash.
Zastava M70		Yugoslaviya  Serbiya			Saqlash.
Kbs wz. 1996 yil Beril		Polsha			Use by regular units.
M16A2 miltiq		Qo'shma Shtatlar		104,000	The U.S. military provided the Afghan National Army with M16 rifles as part of a modernization effort.
M4 karbini				10,000	Only used by Afghan National Army Commandos and Special Forces. M4s sold as part of a 2006 Foreign Military Sales package. Additional M4s sold as a 2008 Foreign Military Sales package.
C7		Kanada		2,500	On December 23, 2007, Canadian media reported that the Kanada kuchlari would supply the Afghan National Army with 2,500 surplus Colt Canada C7 rifles (a Canadian variant of the M16), along with training and ammunition in order to Westernise Afghan equipment.[180] In June 2011, the Afghan National Army returned the loaned C7 rifles as the ANA preferred the American M16 rifle.
Dragunov snayper miltig'i		Sovet Ittifoqi	Snayper miltig'i
PSL		Ruminiya
M24 Snayper qurol tizimi		Qo'shma Shtatlar
M249 SAW		Qo'shma Shtatlar  Belgiya	Yengil avtomat
RPK		Sovet Ittifoqi
SG-43 Goryunov		Sovet Ittifoqi	O'rta pulemyot	Noma'lum
M240 pulemyoti		Qo'shma Shtatlar  Belgiya	Umumiy maqsadli avtomat
PK avtomati		Sovet Ittifoqi
RPD					Saqlash
FN MAG		Belgiya			Noma'lum
Minigun		Qo'shma Shtatlar	Gatling-type machine gun
DShK		Sovet Ittifoqi	Og'ir pulemyot
KPV
M2 Browning		Qo'shma Shtatlar
RPG-7		Sovet Ittifoqi	Raketa qo'zg'atuvchisi
M47 ajdaho		Qo'shma Shtatlar	Wire-guided anti-tank missile
9K115-2 Metis-M		Rossiya
MSS-1.2		Braziliya  Italiya	Laser-guided anti-tank missile
MBT QONUNI		Shvetsiya  Birlashgan Qirollik	Anti-tank missile launcher

Boshqa transport vositalari

• International 7000-MV^[181]
• Tata Motors SK1613/SE1615/SE1615TC 4½ ton trucks (50+)^[182]
• Mercedes-Benz Actros
• Volvo FMX
• 2½ ton trucks
• O'rta taktik vositalar oilasi
• Tez yordam
  • various platforms including Xumvi, Unimog, Ford Ranger and other pickups
• Boshqalar Texnik of various origins:
  • Ford Ranger LTV pickups
  • Toyota pickup trucks
• BTS-4 Armoured Recovery Vehicle
• Bridge Laying Vehicles:
  • MTU-20
  • MTU-72
• BTM-3 Mine Clearing Vehicle
• ScanEagle uchuvchisiz havo vositasi^[183]

Adabiyotlar

• Amtstutz, J. Bryus (1986). Afg'oniston: Sovet ishg'olining dastlabki besh yilligi (PDF). Vashington shahar: Milliy mudofaa universiteti.
• Azimi Nabi (2019). Armiya va siyosat: Afg'oniston: 1963-1993. AuthorHouse (inglizcha nashr). [1] Dastlab "forscha" asarning o'z-o'zidan nashr etilgan inglizcha versiyasi; tarjimonning eslatmasiga qarang.
• Bhatiya, Maykl; Sedra, Mark (2008). Afg'oniston, qurol va mojaro: qurolli guruhlar, qurolsizlanish va urushdan keyingi jamiyatdagi xavfsizlik. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN  978-0-415-47734-5.
• Giustozzi, Antonio (mart 2007). "Yordamchi kuch yoki milliy armiya: Afg'oniston" ANA "va COIN-ning sa'y-harakatlari 2002-2006". Kichik urushlar va qo'zg'olonlar. 18 (1). doi:10.1080/09592310601173220. S2CID  143669542.
• Giustozzi, Antonio (2004 yil bahor). "Armiyaning demodernizatsiyasi: Shimoliy Afg'oniston, 1992-2001". Kichik urushlar va qo'zg'olonlar. 15 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1080/09592310410001676970. S2CID  143469209.
• Jalali, Ali A. "Afg'oniston: davom etayotgan mojaro anatomiyasi". Parametrlar. AQSh armiyasi (2001 yil bahor): 85-98. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 10-dekabrda. Olingan 7 fevral 2015.

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Kennet Konboy, "Hindiston va Pokistonning elita kuchlari", shuningdek Afg'onistonni, shu jumladan 1978 yilgi davlat to'ntarishidan keyin 26-sonli parashyut polkini avvalgi ikkita qo'mondonlik qismidan tashkil etishni ham o'z ichiga oladi.
• Yuriy V. Gankovskiy, Istoriia Vooruzhennykh Sil Afganistana: 1747–1977, Moskva: Nauka (shuningdek, Institut Vostokovedeniya), 1985 y.
• Antonio Giustozzi, 'Afg'onistondagi soya egalik va SSR', bob. 11. Tim Donnais (tahr.) 'Mahalliy mulk va xavfsizlik sektorini isloh qilish', DCAF / Lit Verlag, Tsyurix / Berlin, 2008 'Mahalliy mulk.' Turli xil xavfsizlik idoralari o'rtasida turli xil manfaatdorlik / urush boshlig'i tomonidan amalga oshirilgan islohotlarni aks ettiradi; etarli darajada kadrlarni isbotlamaslik, turli zobitlarni tayinlash va chaqiruv kuchini istash orqali ko'proq mahalliy nazoratni qo'lga kiritish va chet el jarayonini buzishga qaratilgan bir necha urinishlarga qaramay MOD / ANAda mahalliy egalikning ozligi. Armiya 70 ming kishilik kuchga ega bo'lsa ham, moliyaviy jihatdan barqaror emas va kichik qismlarda jangovar tayyorgarlikdan o'tmagan.
• Antonio Giustozzi, Afg'onistondagi urush, siyosat va jamiyat, 1978-1992
• Antonio Giustozzi, Afg'oniston armiyasi: Mo'rt institutning siyosiy tarixi, London, C Xerst va Co, 2016; 288 bet; 35,00 funt; hbk; ISBN  9781849044813. 1996-2001 yillarda Tolibon armiyasi o'zining "soddaligi bilan, past texnologiyaga va mavjud inson resurslari tarkibiga kiruvchi asosiy tashkilotga mos" bo'lganligi sababli Afg'oniston uchun eng muvaffaqiyatli milliy armiya bo'lgan (121-bet).
• Jeyms Xardi, 'Britaniyalik deputat afg'on kuchlarini o'zgartirishni talab qilmoqda', Jane's Defense Weekly, v.48, № 35, 31 avgust, 2011, p. 15 (ISSN  0265-3818 ).
• Podpolkovnik Gavin Kiting, "Alacakaranlıkta yashash: Afg'oniston milliy armiyasiga korpus darajasida maslahat berish", Avstraliya armiyasi jurnali, jild. VIII, № 3, 2011 yil yoz.
• Maloney, Shon M. (2005), Ozodlikka bardosh: Afg'onistondagi qochqin tarixchisi, Vashington, DC: Potomac Books, ISBN  1-57488-953-2 (2007 yildagi qog'ozli nashrda ANA rekonstruktsiya jamoasi, 2002–03, 141–145-betlar).
• AQSh armiyasining hududiy qo'llanmasi: Afg'oniston, 1969, 1973 yil qayta ko'rib chiqilgan
• "AQSh ANSF mablag'larini 2014 yilga qadar ikki baravar qisqartirishga intilmoqda" Jeynning mudofaasi haftaligi 2011 yil 5 oktyabr. Qo'mondon general Koldvellning hisobot sharhlari NATO o'quv missiyasi - Afg'oniston (NTM-A), 2011 yil 26 sentyabr.
• "AQShni sotib olish bo'yicha qarorlar Afg'oniston havo kuchlariga putur etkazadi". Deniel Gure, fan doktori. 2013 yil 28-yanvar. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2013 yil 15 aprelda. Olingan 18 mart, 2013.

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• AQSh Mudofaa vazirligi, 2018 yil iyun 'Afg'onistonda xavfsizlik va barqarorlikni oshirish' hisoboti