Xizmatlararo razvedka - Inter-Services Intelligence

Xizmatlararo razvedka (ISI)
Byn خlخdmاtyy خstخbاrاt
Pokiston ISI Logo.png
Xizmatlararo razvedka logotipi
Razvedka agentligi umumiy nuqtai
Shakllangan1948 yil 1-yanvar; 72 yil oldin (1948-01-01)
Bosh ofisAabpara, Islomobod, Pokiston[1]
33 ° 42′14.3 ″ N. 73 ° 04′47.0 ″ E / 33.703972 ° N 73.079722 ° E / 33.703972; 73.079722
Yillik byudjetTasniflangan
Razvedka agentligi ijro etuvchi
Bola Razvedka agentligi

The Xizmatlararo razvedka (Urdu: Byn خlخdmاtyy خstخbاrاt, Sifatida qisqartirilgan ISI) bosh vazir razvedka agentligi ning Pokiston, yig'ish, qayta ishlash va tahlil qilish uchun operatsion javobgar milliy xavfsizlik butun dunyo bo'ylab ma'lumotlar. Ning asosiy a'zolaridan biri sifatida Pokiston razvedka hamjamiyati, ISI bu haqda hisobot beradi Bosh direktor va birinchi navbatda aql-idrokni ta'minlashga qaratilgan Pokiston hukumati.

ISI asosan xizmatga jalb qilingan harbiy ofitserlardan iborat safar ning uchta xizmat ko'rsatish filialidan Pokiston qurolli kuchlari (Armiya, Havo kuchlari va Dengiz kuchlari ) va shuning uchun "Inter-Services" nomi. Biroq, agentlik ko'plab tinch fuqarolarni ham jalb qiladi. 1971 yildan beri ISIni xizmat ko'rsatuvchi kompaniya boshqaradi uch yulduzli general tomonidan tayinlanadigan Pokiston armiyasining Bosh Vazir ning tavsiyasiga binoan Armiya shtabining boshlig'i, ish uchun uchta zobitni kim tavsiya qiladi. Hozirda ISIga general-leytenant rahbarlik qilmoqda Fayz Xamid 2019 yil 17-iyun kuni Xizmatlararo razvedka bosh direktori etib tayinlandi.[3] Bosh direktor to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Bosh vazirga va armiya boshlig'iga bo'ysunadi.

ISI 1980-yillarda uni qo'llab-quvvatlaganida global tan olinishi va shuhrat qozondi Afg'on Mujohidlar qarshi Sovet Ittifoqi davomida Sovet-afg'on urushi keyin Afg'oniston Demokratik Respublikasi. Urush paytida ISI bilan yaqin muvofiqlikda ishlagan Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ning Qo'shma Shtatlar mujohidlarni Amerika, Pokiston va Saudiya mablag'lari bilan o'qitish va moliyalashtirish. Pokiston hukumati tomonidan ISI agenti ushlanmagan yoki ISI agenti deb da'vo qilinmagan.[4]

Sovet Ittifoqi qulaganidan keyin ISI afg'onlarga strategik yordam va razvedka xizmatlarini taqdim etdi Toliblar qarshi Shimoliy alyans 90-yillarda Afg'onistonda fuqarolar urushi paytida.[5][6]

Tarix

Umumiy Ayub Xon buyrug'ini qabul qilish uchun kelgan Pokiston armiyasi 1951 yilda

Xizmatlararo razvedka 1948 yilda 1947-48 yillarda Pokiston-Hindiston urushidan so'ng tuzilgan bo'lib, u razvedka ma'lumotlarini yig'ish, almashish va muvofiqlashtirishning zaif tomonlarini ochib berdi. Armiya, Havo kuchlari, Dengiz kuchlari, Razvedka byurosi (IB) va Harbiy razvedka (MI).[7] ISI uchta asosiy harbiy xizmat zobitlari tomonidan boshqariladigan va tashqi harbiy va noharbiy razvedkalarni yig'ish, tahlil qilish va baholashga ixtisoslashgan tuzilgan.[7] ISI bu edi aql-idrok birinchisining Britaniya hind armiyasi General-mayor janob Robert Kotxom, keyin o'rinbosar Kadrlar bo'yicha rahbar o'rinbosari Pokiston armiyasi va agentlikni tashkil etish uchun polkovnik Shahid Hamidni tanladi. Dastlab ISI ichki razvedka ma'lumotlarini yig'ishda hech qanday rol o'ynamagan, bundan mustasno NWFP va Pokiston Kashmirni boshqargan.[7] ISIni jalb qilish va kengaytirishni boshqargan va o'z zimmasiga olgan Dengiz kuchlari Qo'mondon Seyid Muhammad Ahsan, direktor o'rinbosari lavozimida ishlagan Dengiz razvedkasi va ISI protseduralarini shakllantirishda hal qiluvchi rol o'ynadi. Keyingi 1958 yilgi davlat to'ntarishi, barcha milliy razvedka idoralari prezident va harbiy holat bo'yicha bosh ma'murning bevosita nazorati ostiga o'tdi. Ushbu agentliklarning asosiy vazifasi bo'lgan milliy xavfsizlikni ta'minlash Ayub rejimining mustahkamlanishini anglatardi. Rejimni har qanday tanqid qilish milliy xavfsizlikka tahdid sifatida qaraldi.[8] Keyin Armiya shtabining boshlig'i General Ziya-ul-Haq hokimiyatni qo'lga kiritdi 1977 yil 5-iyulda harbiy holat bo'yicha bosh ma'mur bo'ldi va ISI ma'lumot yig'ish bo'yicha kengaytirildi Pokiston Kommunistik partiyasi va Pokiston Xalq partiyasi.[9] The Sovet-afg'on urushi 1980-yillarda takomillashtirilganligini ko'rdi yashirin operatsiyalar ISI. Afg'onistonning maxsus bo'limi (deb nomlangan SS direktsiyasi) Afg'onistondagi kundalik operatsiyalarni nazorat qilish uchun Brigada Muhammad Yusufning qo'mondonligi ostida yaratilgan. ISI ning bir qator xodimlari Yashirin harakatlar bo'limi Qo'shma Shtatlarda malaka oshirdi va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining ko'plab maxfiy ekspertlari Afg'oniston mujohidlaridan foydalangan holda Sovet qo'shinlariga qarshi operatsiyalarida rahbarlik qilish uchun ISIga biriktirildi.[iqtibos kerak ] 2001 yil sentyabr oyida Parvez Musharraf ISI uchun yangi bosh direktor tayinladi, general-leytenant Ehsanul Haq, keyinchalik uning o'rniga general-leytenant Shuja Posho tayinlandi.[iqtibos kerak ] Ba'zi tahlilchilar (asosan hindistonlik) ISI jangari guruhlarni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, deb hisoblashadi, ammo boshqa tahlilchilarning fikriga ko'ra, bu ayblovlar dalillar bilan asossiz bo'lib qolmoqda.[10][11] General Javed Nosir ga yordam berganini tan oldi qamalda Bosniyalik musulmonlar, BMTning qurol embargosiga qaramay, qo'llab-quvvatlamoqda Xitoy musulmonlari yilda Shinjon, isyonchi musulmon guruhlari Filippinlar va ba'zi diniy guruhlar Markaziy Osiyo.[12] Milliy razvedka boshqarmasi (NID) 30 dan ortiq kishi tomonidan to'plangan ma'lumotlarni to'plash va almashish maqsadida 2014 yilda tashkil etilgan Pokiston "s razvedka idoralari Pokistondagi terrorizmga qarshi samarali kurashish.[13]

Tashkilot

ISIni an'anaviy ravishda Pokiston armiyasida xizmat qiluvchi general-leytenant (uch yulduzli general) bo'lgan Bosh direktor boshqaradi.[iqtibos kerak ] Ikki yulduzli harbiy ofitserlarda xizmat qilayotgan uchta general direktor o'rinbosarlari har bir o'rinbosarga tegishli ravishda uchta qanot bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Bosh direktorga bo'ysunadilar:[14]

  • Ichki qanot - ichki razvedka uchun javobgar, ichki qarshi razvedka, josuslik va terrorizmga qarshi kurash.
  • Tashqi qanot - tashqi razvedka, tashqi qarshi razvedka va josuslik uchun javobgardir.
  • Xalqaro aloqalar qanoti - diplomatik razvedka va tashqi aloqalar razvedkasi uchun javobgardir.

Port, chunki qanot ayniqsa muhimdir Gvadar Xitoyning shimoli-g'arbiy qismini bog'laydigan yirik savdo yo'lagi uchun muhim rol o'ynaydi Fors ko'rfazi.[15]

ISIning umumiy tarkibi qurolli kuchlarning harbiy ofitserlari hamda fuqarolik ofitserlaridan iborat FIA, FBR, Pokiston bojxonasi, politsiya va sud tizimi. Ular 3 yildan 4 yilgacha deputatlar tarkibiga qabul qilinadi va ISIning professional vakolatlarini oshiradi. Yaxshi xizmat ko'rsatadigan tajribali armiya zobitlariga xizmatda takroriy muddatlar beriladi.[iqtibos kerak ] Ba'zi ekspertlarning fikriga ko'ra, ISI butun shtat soni bo'yicha dunyodagi eng yirik razvedka agentligi hisoblanadi. Umumiy soni hech qachon oshkor qilinmagan bo'lsa-da, ekspertlar taxminan 10 ming ofitser va xodimni taxmin qilishadi, bu ma'lumot beruvchilar yoki mol-mulkni o'z ichiga olmaydi.[16]

Bo'limlar

Harbiylashtirilgan va uchun javobgardir yashirin operatsiyalar shuningdek, maxsus tadbirlar.[iqtibos kerak ] Uning rollari o'xshashdir Maxsus faoliyat bo'limi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi va bir nechta ofitserlar tomonidan o'qitiladi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi "s SAD va 1960 yildan beri faol.[17]
  • Qo'shma razvedka X
ISIdagi boshqa barcha bo'limlarni muvofiqlashtiradi.[16] Boshqa bo'limlardan yig'ilgan razvedka va ma'lumotlar ma'lumotni tayyorlaydigan va qayta ishlaydigan va taqdim etiladigan hisobotlarni tayyorlaydigan JIX-ga yuboriladi.
  • Qo'shma razvedka byurosi
Davlatga qarshi razvedka va soxta giyohvand moddalar, soxta valyuta va TTP yig'ish uchun javobgardir.[16]
  • Qo'shma qarshi razvedka byurosi
Xorijiy razvedka idoralariga e'tiborini qaratgan.
  • Qo'shma razvedka shimol
uchun faqat javobgardir Jammu va Kashmir mintaqa va Shimoliy hududlar.[16]
  • Turli xil qo'shma razvedka
boshqa mamlakatlarda josuslik, shu jumladan tajovuzkor razvedka operatsiyalari uchun javobgardir.[16]
  • Qo'shma signal razvedka byurosi
Hindiston-Pokiston chegarasi bo'ylab razvedka ma'lumotlarini to'playdi.[16] JSIB bu ELINT, KOMINT va BELGI hujumlarni chet el aloqa vositalaridan yo'naltirish vazifasi yuklangan direktsiya elektromagnit nurlanishlar yadroviy portlashlardan yoki radioaktiv manbalardan kelib chiqadigan.[16]
  • Qo'shma razvedka texnik
Pokiston razvedka ma'lumotlarini yig'ish uchun ilm-fan va texnologiyalarni rivojlantirish bilan shug'ullanadi. Direktsiyaga qarshi choralar ko'rish yuklatilgan elektron urush Pokistondagi hujumlar.[16] Hech qanday istisnosiz, ushbu bo'limlarning zobitlari muhandis ofitserlar va harbiylar bilan shug'ullanadigan harbiy olimlar ekanligi xabar qilinadi fanni targ'ib qilish va texnologiya.[16] Bundan tashqari, alohida portlovchi moddalar va a kimyoviy va biologik urush bo'limlar.[16]
  • SS Direktsiya
Maxsus xizmatlar guruhi zobitlaridan iborat [SSG]. Pokiston davlatiga qarshi olib borilayotgan terroristik guruhlar faoliyatini nazorat qiladi. SS direktsiyasini The bilan taqqoslash mumkin Federal tergov byurosi (FQB) Milliy yashirin xizmat (NCS) va terrorchilarga qarshi maxsus operatsiyalar uchun mas'uldir.
Moliyaviy ta'minotini monitoring qildi o'ng qanot siyosatshunoslik sohasi chap qanot siyosatshunoslik to'garaklari. Ushbu bo'lim umumiy saylovlar paytida chap qanotga qarshi kuchlarni mablag 'bilan ta'minlash bilan shug'ullangan 1965, 1977, 1985, 1988 va 1990.[18] Kafedra 2012 yil mart oyidan beri ishlamayapti, chunki yangi bosh direktor ISIni zimmasiga yuklaydi.[19]

Bosh direktorlar

Asosiy maqola: Xizmatlararo razvedka bosh direktori
Bosh direktorMuddat boshlanishiMuddat tugashi
1Sayid Shahid Hamid19481950
2Robert Kotxom19501959
3Riaz Husayn19591966
4Muhammad Akbar Xon19661971
5G'ulom Jilani Xon19711977
6Muhammad Riaz19771979
7Axtar Abdurahmon21 iyun 1979 yil1987 yil 29 mart
8Hamid Gul1987 yil mart1989 yil may
9Shamsur Rahmon Kallu1989 yil may1990 yil avgust
10Asad Durrani1990 yil avgust1992 yil mart
11Javed Nosir1992 yil mart1993 yil may
12Javob Ashraf Qozi1993 yil may1995 yil oktyabr
13Nosim Rana1995 yil oktyabr1998 yil oktyabr
14Ziauddin Butt1998 yil oktyabr1999 yil oktyabr
15Mahmud Ahmed1999 yil oktyabr2001 yil oktyabr
16Ehson ul Haq2001 yil oktyabr2004 yil oktyabr
17Ashfaq Parvez Kayani3 oktyabr 2004 yil8 oktyabr 2007 yil
18Nadeem Taj2007 yil oktyabr2008 yil oktyabr
19Ahmad Shuja Posho2008 yil oktyabr19 mart 2012 yil
20Zohirul Islom19 mart 2012 yil2014 yil 6-noyabr
21Rizvon Axtar2014 yil 7-noyabr2016 yil 11-dekabr
22Navid Muxtor2016 yil 11-dekabr1 oktyabr 2018 yil
23Asim Munir10 oktyabr 2018 yil16 iyun 2019
24Fayz Xamid17 iyun 2019Hozir

Bosh ofis

ISIning bosh qarorgohi Pokiston poytaxtida joylashgan Islomobod. Majmua maysazorlar va favvoralar bilan ajratilgan turli xil kam qavatli binolardan iborat. Majmuaga kirish a yonida joylashgan xususiy shifoxona. Deklan Uolsh Guardian kirish joyi "ehtiyotkorlik bilan: hech qanday belgi yo'q, shunchaki oddiy kiyim kiygan zobit to'pponchani to'sib qo'ygan to'siqlar, askarlar va hidlash itlari chikanidan o'tayotganlarni to'pponchasiga solib qo'ydi" dedi.[1] Uolshning aytishicha, majmua "mablag 'bilan ta'minlangan xususiy universitetga o'xshaydi" va binolar "toza parvarishlangan", maysazorlar "silliq", favvoralar esa "jilvalanmoqda". U yuqori qavatda joylashgan bosh direktorning kabineti joylashgan markaziy binoni "lobisi yumaloq, aks sado beruvchi zamonaviy inshoot" deb ta'rifladi.[1]

Ishga qabul qilish va o'qitish

Ham tinch fuqarolar, ham qurolli kuchlar a'zolari ISIga qo'shilishlari mumkin. Fuqarolar uchun ishga qabul qilish e'lon qilinadi va birgalikda shug'ullanadi Federal davlat xizmatlari komissiyasi (FPSC) va fuqarolik ISI agentlari Mudofaa vazirligi xodimlari hisoblanadi. FPSC nomzodning dolzarb masalalar bo'yicha bilimi, ingliz tili va turli tahliliy qobiliyatlarini sinovdan o'tkazadigan turli imtihonlarni o'tkazadi. Natijalarga ko'ra, FPSC nomzodlarni sarhisob qiladi va ro'yxatni dastlabki tekshiruvlarni o'tkazadigan ISIga yuboradi. So'ngra tanlangan nomzodlar ISI va FPSC rasmiylaridan iborat qo'shma qo'mita tomonidan o'tkaziladigan suhbatga taklif qilinadi, so'ng tanlanganlar 6 oylik mudofaa xizmatlari razvedka akademiyasiga (DSIA) yuboriladi. Keyinchalik ushbu ofitserlar ochiq manbali ma'lumot olish uchun turli bo'limlarga o'tkazilib, ular besh yil davomida xizmat qilishadi. Zobitlar besh yillik asosiy xizmatdan so'ng nozik ishlarni ishonib topshirishadi va ISI ning asosiy jamoasi deb e'lon qilishadi.[iqtibos kerak ]

Asosiy operatsiyalar

Vazifalar

  • Axborot to'plash va ma'lumotdan aql-zakovatni olish
ISI Pokistonning strategik manfaatlari uchun muhim ma'lumotlarni oladi. Ham ochiq, ham yashirin vositalar qabul qilinadi.[7]
  • Intellektning tasnifi
Ma'lumotlar saralanadi, tegishli ravishda tasniflanadi va ISI ning Islomoboddagi shtab-kvartirasida kompyuter tarmog'i yordamida topshiriladi.[7]
  • Agressiv razvedka
ISI ning asosiy missiyasi tarkibiga agressiv razvedka kiradi josuslik, psixologik urush, buzg'unchilik, sabotaj.[7]
  • Qarshi razvedka
ISIda dushmanning razvedka ma'lumotlariga qarshi josuslik qiluvchi maxsus bo'lim mavjud.[7]

Usullari

Diplomatik vakolatxonalar ideal qopqoqni ta'minlaydi va maqsadli mamlakatda joylashgan ISI markazlari odatda elchixona binosida joylashgan.[7]
ISI tezkor xodimlari ko'p millatli tashkilotlarda yaxshi qopqoqlarni topadilar. Nodavlat tashkilotlar va madaniy dasturlar ham ISI faoliyatini himoya qilish uchun mashhur ekranlardir.[7]
  • OAV
Xalqaro media markazlari ISI operativ xodimlarini bemalol o'zlashtirishi va harakat erkinligini ta'minlashi mumkin.[7]
  • Boshqa idoralar bilan hamkorlik qilish
ISI turli mamlakatlarning boshqa maxfiy xizmatlari bilan faol hamkorlikni davom ettiradi. Uning Saudiya Arabistoni razvedka xizmatlari, Xitoy razvedkasi, amerikaliklar bilan aloqalari Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi va inglizlar MI6 yaxshi ma'lum bo'lgan.[iqtibos kerak ]
  • Uchinchi mamlakat texnikasi
ISI ma'lumot olish va Afg'oniston kabi uchinchi davlatlar orqali faoliyat yuritishda faol ishtirok etdi, Nepal, Bangladesh, Shri-Lanka, Eron, kurka va Xitoy.[iqtibos kerak ]

Mamlakatlar bo'yicha

Afg'oniston

Asosiy maqola: Afg'onistondagi xizmatlararo razvedka faoliyati
  • 1982–1997
ISIga kirish imkoni bo'lgan deb ishoniladi Usama bin Ladin oldin.[20][21] ISI 1980-yillarda Sovet armiyasini Afg'onistondan siqib chiqarish uchun AQSh tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan partizan urushida asosiy rol o'ynadi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi (Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi) qo'llab-quvvatlagan bu harakat Pokistonni qurol-yarog 'va afg'on, pokiston va arab "mujohidlari" bilan to'ldirdi. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi jangchilarni tayyorlash, qurol-yarog 'tarqatish va pullarni yo'naltirish uchun ISIga ishongan. ISI 1983-1997 yillarda 83 mingga yaqin afg'on mujohidini o'qitdi va ularni Afg'onistonga jo'natdi.[iqtibos kerak ] B. Raman, sobiq Xom ofitser hozir hindlarning fikr markazidir Janubiy Osiyo tahlil guruhi, deb da'vo qilmoqda Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ISI orqali Sovet qo'shinlarini geroin giyohvandlariga aylantirish va shu bilan ularning jangovar salohiyatini ancha pasaytirish uchun Afg'onistonga geroin kontrabandasini targ'ib qildi.[22] ISI tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan fraksiyalar Gulbuddin Hekmatyor "s Hizb-i Islomiy va uchun kurashayotgan kuchlar Jaloluddin Haqqoniy.
  • 1986
Ning katta oqimi orasida xavotirda Afg'on qochqinlari Sovet-afg'on urushi tufayli Pokistonga kelganlar XAD (Afg'on razvedkasi), ISI Afg'onistonning Islomoboddagi elchixonasining muvaqqat ishlar vakili bo'lgan Mansur Ahmedni Sovet Ittifoqi qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan afg'on hukumatidan yuz o'girishga muvaffaqiyatli ishontirdi. U va uning oilasi yashirincha o'z turar joyidan chiqarib yuborilgan va Londonga uchadigan British Airways aviakompaniyasining samolyotida Pokistondagi afg'on agentlariga nisbatan maxfiy ma'lumotlar evaziga xavfsiz o'tish joyi berilgan. Sovet va afg'on diplomatlari oilani topish uchun qo'llaridan kelganicha harakat qilishdi, ammo muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lishdi.[23]
  • 1990
Ga binoan Piter Tomsen, Qo'shma Shtatlar Maxsus elchi qo'shni Afg'onistonga Pokiston o'rnatishga urinib ko'rgan edi Gulbuddin Hekmatyor Afg'onistondagi boshqa mujohidlar qo'mondonlari va guruhlarining 1990 yilga qadar bo'lgan qarshiliklariga qarshi hokimiyatda.[24] 1990 yil oktyabr oyida Pokiston Xizmatlararo razvedka xizmati (ISI) Hekmatyorga Afg'oniston poytaxti Kobulni o'sha paytgacha hali ham kommunistik boshqaruv ostida bo'lgan va Pokiston qo'shinlarining majburiy kuchlari bilan ommaviy bombardimon qilish rejasini ishlab chiqqan edi.[24] Ushbu bir tomonlama ISI-Hekmatyor rejasi, o'ttiz eng muhim mujohid qo'mondonlari kelajakdagi umumiy strategiya to'g'risida qaror qabul qilish uchun barcha afg'on guruhlarini o'z ichiga olgan konferentsiya o'tkazishga kelishib olgan bo'lishiga qaramay amalga oshirildi.[24] Oxir-oqibat Qo'shma Shtatlar Pokistonga 1990 yil rejasini to'xtatish uchun bosim o'tkazdi va keyinchalik 1992 yilgacha bekor qilindi.[24]
  • 1994
The Toliblar rejim keng tarqalgan[kim tomonidan? ] 1994 yildan 2001 yilgacha ISI va Pokiston harbiylari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan bo'lib, Pokiston bu vaqt ichida buni rasman rad etdi, garchi o'shanda Pokiston Prezidenti Parvez Musharraf hozirda toliblarni 11 sentyabrga qadar qo'llab-quvvatlaganini tan olgan.[25] Pokistonlik Afg'oniston bo'yicha mutaxassisga ko'ra Ahmed Rashid, "1994-1999 yillarda, taxminan 80-100000 pokistonlik Afg'onistonda o'qigan va jang qilgan" toliblar tomonida.[26] Al-Qoida tomonidan AQShga qilingan 11 sentyabr hujumidan so'ng, Pokiston AQSh bilan hamkorlik qilishni zarur deb bilganini aytmoqda. Boshqalar,[JSSV? ] ammo Pokiston Pokiston rad etgan afg'on Tolibonini qo'llab-quvvatlashda davom etmoqda.
  • 2008
Hindistonning Jaloloboddagi Bosh konsulligiga 2007 yilda terrorchilar hujum qilgan. Afg'oniston Milliy xavfsizlik boshqarmasi ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, Afg'oniston hukumati tomonidan hibsga olingan shaxslar ushbu hujum ortida ISI turganligini va ularga operatsiya uchun ₹ 120,000 berganligini bildirishgan.[27]
  • 2001 yildan keyin
Amerikalik rasmiylar, Pokiston razvedka xizmati a'zolari jangarilarni Pokistonning qabila hududlarida yaqinda bo'lib o'tadigan Amerikaning raketa zarbalari to'g'risida ogohlantirmoqda, deb hisoblashadi.[iqtibos kerak ] 2009 yil oktyabr oyida tashqi ishlar vazirining katta siyosat bo'yicha maslahatchisi Davud Moradian Spanta Britaniya va Amerika hukumatlari ISIning rolini to'liq bilishini, ammo Islomobod bilan to'qnashishga jasorat etishmasligini aytdi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, Afg'oniston hukumati Britaniya va Amerika razvedka agentlariga ISIning portlashlarga aloqadorligini isbotlovchi dalillarni bergan.[28]
  • 2010
Tomonidan yangi hisobot London iqtisodiyot maktabi (LSE) ISI tomonidan moliyalashtirish, o'qitish va boshpana berish uchun eng aniq dalillarni taqdim etishni talab qildi Toliblar qo'zg'oloni ilgari o'ylanganidan ancha katta miqyosda. Hisobot muallifi Mett Uoldman Afg'onistondagi Tolibonning to'qqizta dala qo'mondoni bilan suhbatlashdi va Pokistonning isyonchilar bilan munosabatlari ilgari anglanganidan ancha chuqurroq bo'lgan degan xulosaga keldi. Suhbatdoshlarning ba'zilari tashkilot hattoki Tolibon oliy kengashi yig'ilishlarida qatnashishni taklif qilishdi Kvetta Shura.[29][30][31] Pokiston armiyasi vakili hisobotni rad etib, uni "zararli" deb ta'rifladi.[32][33][34] AQSh Markaziy qo'mondonligi qo'mondoni general Devid Petreus AQSh Kongressi tinglovida ushbu hisobotni tasdiqlashdan bosh tortdi va ISI va ekstremistlar o'rtasidagi har qanday aloqalar qonuniy razvedka maqsadlarida bo'lishi kerakligini aytdi, uning so'zlariga ko'ra "razvedka ma'lumotlarini olish uchun siz yomon odamlar bilan aloqada bo'lishingiz kerak. yomon odamlarga ".[35]

Bosniya

Asosiy maqola: Bosniyadagi xizmatlararo razvedka faoliyati
  • 1993
ISI Bosniya-Gertsegovinadagi bosniyalik mujohidlarga qurol-yarog 'etkazib berishda qatnashgan, serblar qo'lida musulmonlarning to'liq qirg'in qilinishini oldini olish uchun.[36]

Hindiston

Asosiy maqola: Hindistondagi xizmatlararo razvedka faoliyati

Hindiston razvedka agentliklari ISIning ular bilan aloqadorligini tasdiqlovchi dalillarga ega ekanligini da'vo qilishdi Naksalitlar. Gazeta tomonidan olingan maxfiy hisobot Osiyo yoshi "ISI, xususan, Naxals kompaniyasining ISIning o'z terror tarmog'i mavjud bo'lmagan mamlakatning ichki qismlarida ishlaydigan infratuzilma loyihalari va sanoat birliklariga katta hajmdagi zarar etkazishini istaydi" dedi.[37]

  • 1965
The 1965 yilgi urush Kashmirda razvedkada katta inqirozni keltirib chiqardi. Urush boshlanganda, 1965 yilda Hindiston-Pokiston urushi boshlangandan so'ng, barcha razvedka idoralari operatsiyalarining to'liq qulashi yuz berdi, chunki siyosiy ishlar bilan bandligi sababli hind zirhli diviziyasini topa olmadi. Ayub Xon general boshchiligida qo'mita tuzdi Yahyo Xon idoralar faoliyatini tekshirish.[38]
  • 1969–1974
AQSh Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi va ISI bilan birgalikda ishlaydi Nikson Yordam berishda ma'muriyat Xalistan ichida harakatlanish Panjob.[39]
  • 1980
Ularning bazasida joylashgan PAF Field Intelligence Unit Karachi 1980 yil iyul oyida hind agentini qo'lga oldi.[iqtibos kerak ] U so'roq qilinib, Karachida hind ayg'oqchilarining katta tarmog'i ishlayotgani aniqlandi. Agent bu josuslar josuslikdan tashqari, bir nechta qurollangan xodimlarni ham o'ldirgan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[iqtibos kerak ] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, ayg'oqchilar guruhining etakchisini Karachidagi Intercontinental mehmonxonasida oziq-ovqat va ichimliklar bo'yicha menejer boshqarayotgan edi va harbiy xizmat ko'rsatgan bir qator ofitserlar va reytinglari uning ish haqida edi. ISI menejerni kim bilan aloqada bo'lganligini bilish uchun so'roq qilishga qaror qildi, ammo keyin Pokiston Prezidenti Ziyo-ul Haq so'zni bekor qildi va menejerni va ushbu ishda ishtirok etgan barcha odamlarni zudlik bilan hibsga olishni xohladi. Keyinchalik menejerning mutlaqo aybsiz ekanligi isbotlandi.[23]
  • 1983
Ilmo Din nomi bilan ham tanilgan Ilam Din hindistonlik Pokistondan kelgan josus edi. U ko'p marta qo'lga olinishdan qochib qutulgan, ammo 23 mart kuni soat 3 da Ilmo va yana ikki hindistonlik josuslar Pokistonning Reynjersi tomonidan hindistondan noqonuniy ravishda Pokistonga o'tayotganlarida qo'lga olingan. Ularning vazifasi josuslik qilish va Pokiston har yili 23 martda namoyish etadigan yangi harbiy texnika haqida xabar berish edi Pokiston kuni paradi. Ilmo yaxshilab so'roq qilinganidan so'ng, ISI tomonidan unga yolg'on ma'lumot yuborishga majbur bo'ldi Ar-ge Hindistondagi ishlovchilar. Bu jarayon davom etdi va Pokistondagi ko'plab hind ayg'oqchilari, masalan, Roop Lal, yo'q qilindi.[23]
  • 1984
ISI maxfiy kelishuvni fosh qildi, unda Hindiston bosh vaziri tomonidan dengiz bazasi inshootlari berilgan Indira Gandi uchun SSSR Vizagda va Andaman va Nikobar orolida va taxmin qilingan biriktirma KGB qo'mondoni bo'lgan o'sha paytda general-leytenant Sunderjining maslahatchilari Moviy yulduz operatsiyasi Oltin ma'badda Amritsar 1984 yil iyun oyida.[39]
  • 1984
ISI tomonidan tegishli fon tekshiruvi amalga oshirilmadi Inglizlar Pokiston armiyasini o'zi bilan ta'minlagan kompaniya Arktika - havo o'tkazgichlari. Pokiston tepaning yuqori qismini ta'minlashga harakat qilganida Siachen muzligi 1984 yilda u Arktika-ob-havo uskunalari uchun katta buyurtma bergan va shu kompaniyani etkazib bergan Hindiston armiyasi uning tishli qutisi bilan. Hindistonliklar Pokistondagi katta xarid haqida osongina ogohlantirildilar va ushbu yirik xaridni qo'lga olish uchun qo'shinlarni jihozlash uchun ishlatish mumkinligini aniqladilar. muzlik.[40] Hindiston tezda harbiy operatsiyani boshladi (Meghdoot operatsiyasi ) va butun muzlikni egallagan.
  • 1988
ISI amalga oshirildi Tupac operatsiyasi Kashmiriy jangarilarini Hindiston hukumatiga qarshi kurashda yashirin qo'llab-quvvatlashga qaratilgan uch qismli harakat rejasi Kashmir Prezident tashabbusi bilan Ziyo Ul Haq 1988 yilda [41] Tupac operatsiyasi muvaffaqiyatli yakunlangach, kashmir jangarilarini qo'llab-quvvatlash Pokistonning davlat siyosatiga aylandi.[42] ISI keng tarqalgan bo'lib, jangarilarni o'qitadi va qo'llab-quvvatlaydi Kashmir mintaqa.[43][44][45]
  • 2014
2014 yil fevral oyida (2015 yil mart oyida oshkor qilingan) o'sha paytdagi Hindiston armiyasi shtabi boshlig'i general Bikram Singx Pokiston bilan chegaralarda Rajaston va Jammu-Kashmir mintaqalarida qo'shinlarni joylashtirish to'g'risida buyruq chiqardi, ammo ISI bu ma'lumotni bir necha soat ichida va reaktsiya sifatida oldi Pokiston armiyasi o'z qo'shinlarini Hindiston chegaralari yaqinida joylashtirdi va bu hind rasmiylarini xavotirga soldi.[46][47][48][49]
  • 2016
Ichki ishlar vaziri Belujiston, Pokiston, Sarfraz Bugti 2016 yil 26 martda hindistonlik harbiy dengiz zobiti xizmat qilayotgani haqida Kulbhushan Yadav, Hindiston josuslik agentligida ishlagan Xom ISh tomonidan Balujistonda hibsga olingan.[50]

Pokiston

Shuningdek, ISI janjalga aloqadorlikda ayblangan Mehran banki bilan bog'liq janjal "Mehrangate" deb nomlangan bo'lib, unda yuqori ISI va armiya guruchlariga Yunus Habib (Mehran banki egasi) tomonidan ISIning valyuta zaxiralarini Mehran bankiga joylashtirish uchun katta miqdordagi pul berilgan.[51]

  • 1980
ISI Pokiston Prezidenti Zia-ul-Haqni o'ldirish va undan keyin hozirgi hukumatni ag'darish va uning o'rniga Islomiy hukumatni o'rnatish uchun qonli to'ntarish uyushtirishni rejalashtirayotganidan xabardor bo'ldi. Suiqasd va to'ntarishga urinish 1980 yil 23 martda har yili o'tkaziladigan 23 mart Pokiston kuni paradida sodir bo'lishi kerak edi. Davlat to'ntarishini uyushtirganlar yuqori darajadagi harbiy va razvedka zobitlari bo'lib, ularni general-mayor Tajammal Husayn Malik, uning o'g'li kapitan Navid va jiyani, sobiq harbiy razvedka zobiti mayor Riaz boshqargan. ISI bu odamlarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hibsga olishga qaror qildi, chunki ular bu fitna qanchalik chuqurlashib ketganini bilmaydilar va bu odamlarni qattiq nazorat ostida ushlab turishdi. Yillik parad kuni yaqinlashganda, ISI ushbu fitnaning asosiy o'yinchilarini aniqlaganidan mamnun edi va keyin bu odamlarni bir nechta yuqori martabali harbiy ofitserlar bilan birga hibsga oldi.[23]
  • 1985
ISI Ichki siyosiy bo'limi Pokiston Xalq partiyasining turli a'zolari tomonidan suiqasdda ayblangan Shahnavaz Bhutto, ikki akalaridan biri Benazir Bhutto, zaharlanish orqali Frantsiya Rivierasi 1985 yil o'rtalarida uni Ziya harbiy hukumatiga qarshi harakatni boshqargani uchun Pokistonga qaytib kelmaslik uchun qo'rqitish maqsadida, ammo IShIDga aloqador dalil topilmadi.[39]
  • 1987
ISI KHAD / ning oldini ololmadiKGB Pokistondagi terrorchilik kampaniyasi, bu 1987 yilda 324 pokistonlik alohida terror hodisalarida o'limiga sabab bo'lgan.[52]
  • 1988
ISI Pokiston Prezidenti Ziyo-ul-Haqning Bahavalpur yaqinida uning C-130 Hercules samolyotining qulashi oqibatida sirli ravishda o'ldirilishining oldini olmadi. KGB va XAD va, ehtimol, tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadi Tadqiqot va tahlil qanoti (Xom)[53]
  • 1990
ISI 1950-yillarning oxirlaridan boshlab Pokiston ichki siyosatiga chuqur aralashgan. Masalan, 1990 yilgi saylovlar ISI tomonidan saylovlar foydasiga soxtalashtirilgan deb keng tarqalgan Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) partiyasi, a konglomerat asosan to'qqiztadan o'ng ostida ISI tomonidan partiyalar General-leytenant Xameid Gul, Bhuttoning mag'lubiyatini ta'minlash uchun Pokiston Xalq partiyasi (PPP) saylov uchastkalarida.[54]
  • 2000-yillar
ISI Pokiston qurolli kuchlari bilan faol hamkorlik qilmoqda Shimoliy-G'arbiy Pokistondagi urush qarshi Tehrik-i-Tolibon Pokiston va hozirga qadar 78 ISI xodimini yo'qotganligi xabar qilingan,[55] eng muhimi Xolid Xavaja va Polkovnik Imom.
  • 2006
Rangzieb Ahmed ga qarshi fuqarolik da'vosini olib keldi MI5 Pokistonning Xizmatlararo razvedka idorasiga 2006 yilda uni hibsga olish va Pokistondagi qiynoq ostida berilgan savollarni berish orqali qiynoqqa solishda til biriktirganligi uchun. [56]
  • 2011
Axborot beruvchi sifatida ishlagan beshta pokistonlik Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ga olib boruvchi ma'lumotlarni uzatish Usama bin Ladinning o'limi reyddan keyin ISI tomonidan hibsga olingan edi.[57] Biroq, ular orasida AQSh doktorning ozod qilinishini qidirmoqchi edi. Shakil Afridi jumladan,[58][59] Bin Laden qarorgohiga hujum uchun muhim razvedka ma'lumotlarini taqdim etgan soxta emlash kampaniyasini olib borgan.[60] Ammo Pokiston hukumati va harbiy idorasi shu vaqtdan beri 33 yillik qamoq jazosini o'tab kelgan doktor Afridini ozod qilishdan bosh tortdi.[61]

Liviya

  • 1978
ISI Elchixonada harbiy attashe bo'lgan polkovnik Husayn Imom Mabruk qarorgohini josuslik qilishga qaror qildi. Liviya Islomobodda u Ziya-ul-Haq harbiy rejimiga qarshi ba'zi bir shafqatsiz bayonotlarni bergan edi. Ayg'oqchi shubhali tarzda binoga kirgan va chiqib ketgan ikki pokistonlik janoblar bilan suhbatlashayotganini ko'rgach, o'z samarasini berdi. ISI bu ikki kishini kuzatgan va keyinchalik Pokistonning surgun qilingani, ular amaldagi harbiy rejimdan nafratlangan va Bututoga sodiq bo'lganlar. Ular Liviyada terroristik tayyorgarlikdan o'tgan va Pokistonda armiyani hokimiyatdan ketishga majbur qilish uchun terrorchilik kampaniyasini boshlashga tayyor edilar. Zarar etkazilishidan oldin fitnaning barcha a'zolari ushlandi.[23]
  • 1981
1981 yilda Liviyaning "Al Murtaza Associates" deb nomlangan xavfsizlik kompaniyasi Liviyadagi yuqori haq to'laydigan xavfsizlik ishlariga jalb qilish uchun sobiq askarlar va harbiy xizmatchilarni jalb qilish uchun Pokistonga yollovchilarni yubordi. Aslida, Liviya jang qilish uchun yollanma askarlarni yollayotgan edi Chad va Misr chunki ikkala xalq bilan chegara mojarosi bo'lgan. ISI fitna haqida xabardor bo'ldi va butun sxema to'xtatildi.[23] (Shuningdek qarang Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi transmilliy jinoyatchilik va giyohvandlikka qarshi kurash # Janubiy-G'arbiy Osiyo, Siklon operatsiyasi, Badaber qo'zg'oloni.)

Eron

  • 1979
Muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lganidan keyin Eagle Claw operatsiyasi kabi AQSh ommaviy axborot vositalari Newsweek va Vaqt Tehronda joylashgan Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi xodimlari garovga olinganlarning joylashuvi to'g'risida, AQSh elchixonasida ishlagan pokistonlik oshpazdan uy ichidagi ma'lumotni olishganini xabar qildi. ISI dalillarni muvaffaqiyatli yig'di va aloqa hujjatlarini ushlab, ularga ko'rsatdi Eron Boshliq J-2 bu oshpazni tozaladi.
  • 2016
Lyari to'da urushining taniqli gangsteri, Uzair Baloch, shuningdek, Eron millatiga ega bo'lgan,[62] tomonidan razvedka xizmatiga asoslangan operatsiya davomida hibsga olingan Sindx Reynjers. Baloch o'z qo'li bilan yozgan tan olishida, unga barcha xarajatlar evaziga yashash taklif qilinganligini aytadi Tehron Eron tomonidan Razvedka vazirligi bilan bog'liq nozik ma'lumotlarni taqdim etish evaziga rasmiylar Pokiston armiyasi ning operatsiyalari Karachi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, taklif Eronning port shahrida bo'lganida uchinchi tomon tomonidan qilingan Chabahar.[63]

Iroq

  • 2017
Keyin IShID "s Mosulda mag'lubiyat, Iroqning Pokistondagi vakili Ali Yasin Muhammad Karim matbuot anjumani o'tkazib, unda terroristik tashkilotga qarshi kurash paytida Pokistonning yordamini qadrladi. U, ayniqsa, ISIning razvedka ma'lumotlarini almashishini yuqori baholadi va ikki mamlakat o'rtasidagi razvedka hamkorligini davom ettirishga qiziqishini bildirdi.[64]

Frantsiya

  • 1979
ISI kuzatuv missiyasini topdi Kahuta tadqiqot laboratoriyalari tomonidan 1979 yil 26 iyunda yadro kompleksi Frantsuz Pokistondagi elchi Le Gurrierec va uning birinchi kotibi Jan Forlot. Ikkalasi ham hibsga olingan va kameralari va boshqa sezgir uskunalari musodara qilingan. Keyinchalik ushlangan hujjatlar ikkalasi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi tomonidan yollanganligini ko'rsatdi.[23]

Sovet Ittifoqi va postsovet davlatlari

  • 1980
ISI yilda molni joylashtirgan edi Sovet Ittifoqi Islomoboddagi elchixonasi. Mol Sovet Ittifoqi elchixonasidagi uchinchi kotib Qoraqurum avtomagistrali haqidagi ma'lumotdan so'ng va uni o'rta darajadagi xodim janob Ejazdan olganini xabar qildi. Shimoliy avtotransport kompaniyasi. ISI Ejaz bilan bog'lanib, u bir necha oy oldin sovet diplomati unga yaqinlashganini va agar u yo'lni to'g'rilash, ko'priklarning joylashuvi, avtomagistralda ishlaydigan xitoylik xodimlar soni kabi muhim ma'lumotlarni oshkor qilmasa, uning oilasiga tahdid qilganini tan oldi. va hokazo. ISI Sovet diplomatiga qarshi turish o'rniga uni yolg'on ma'lumot bilan oziqlantirishni tanladi. Bu sovet diplomati Ejazning barcha ma'lumotlardan oq rangda bo'lganidan qoniqib, keyin uni manba sifatida tashlaganiga qadar davom etdi.[23]
  • 1991–1993
ISIning Qo'shma razvedka boshqarmasining tezkor xodimi general-mayor Sulton Habib Pokiston elchixonasida mudofaa bo'yicha attashe lavozimiga joylashtirilganda yadroviy materialni muvaffaqiyatli sotib oldi. Moskva 1991 yildan 1993 yilgacha va boshqa materiallarni Markaziy Osiyo respublikalaridan bir vaqtning o'zida olish, Polsha va birinchisi Chexoslovakiya. Moskvadan keyin general-mayor Habib raketalarni etkazib berishni muvofiqlashtirdi Shimoliy Koreya raketa ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha pokistonlik mutaxassislarni o'qitish. Ushbu ikki xatti-harakatlar Pokistonning yadro quroli dasturini va ularning raketalarni etkazib berish tizimlarini ancha yaxshilab yubordi.[65]

Birlashgan Qirollik

Asosiy maqola: Buyuk Britaniyada xizmatlararo razvedka faoliyati

Qo'shma Shtatlar

Asosiy maqola: Qo'shma Shtatlardagi xizmatlararo razvedka faoliyati
  • 1980-yillar
ISI 1980-yillardagi Sovet-Afg'oniston urushi paytida Amerikaning ikkita xususiy sektoridagi qurol sotuvchisini muvaffaqiyatli ushladi. Ismi sirlashtirilmagan bir amerikalik diplomat Islomobodning F-7/4 sektorida yashagan va ISI agenti tomonidan uning urug'li qismida bo'lgan. Ravalpindi, avtomobilining diplomatik plitalari tufayli e'tiborni tortdi. U bugged edi va keyinchalik izidan yurib, Afg'onistondagi Sovet armiyasi bilan jang qilish uchun qurol-yarog 'bilan ta'minlaydigan turli qabila guruhlari bilan aloqada bo'lganligi aniqlandi. Ikkinchi amerikalik qurol sotuvchisi Amerika xalqaro maktabining o'qituvchisi Eugene Clegg edi. Amerika Xalqaro Maktabining bir xodimi va maxfiy agenti ostida janob Naim Islomobod bojxonasidan yuklarni olib o'tishni kutayotganda hibsga olingan. Ularning barchasi ishdan chiqarildi.[23]
  • 2000-yillar
ISI Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi tomonidan Pokistondagi yadro boyliklarini kiritishga urinish va Pokistondagi qonunsiz qabilalar yashaydigan hududlarda razvedka ma'lumotlarini to'plash to'g'risida shubhali. Ushbu gumonlarga asoslanib, ISI Pokiston va Afg'onistondagi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining operatsiyalariga qarshi qarshi razvedka dasturini amalga oshirmoqda, degan taxminlar mavjud.[66] ISI sobiq DG Ashfaq Parvez Kayani shuningdek, "AQSh [urush] strategiyasining asl maqsadi Pokistonni yadrosizlantirishdir", deb aytgan.[67]
  • 2011
Amerikaning Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi agenti ishtirokidagi otishmadan keyin Raymond Devis, ISI Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining Pokistondagi ayg'oqchilar tarmog'iga nisbatan ko'proq ogoh va shubhali bo'lib, ISI-Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi hamkorligini buzgan.[68] Kamida 30 nafar gumon qilinayotgan amerikalik operativ xodimlar Pokistondagi faoliyatini to'xtatib, 12 nafari mamlakatni tark etishgan.[69]
AQSh ishlab chiqaruvchilarining Xitoy bo'linmasini boshqargan ISI agenti deb hisoblangan xitoylik ayol Pokiston atom elektr stantsiyalari uchun yuqori sifatli qoplamalarni noqonuniy eksport qilganlikda ayblandi. Shanxayda joylashgan PPG Paints Trading kompaniyasining sobiq boshqaruvchi direktori, Qo'shma Shtatlarda joylashgan PPG Industries, Inc kompaniyasining Xitoy filiali Xun Vang Xalqaro favqulodda iqtisodiy vakolatlar to'g'risidagi qonunni buzganlik uchun fitna uyushtirganlikda ayblanib, tegishli jinoyatlar bilan ayblanmoqda. Vang eksport va reeksport qilishda til biriktirganlikda va Pokistonning Chashma 2 atom elektr stantsiyasiga maxsus ishlab chiqilgan, yuqori sifatli epoksi qoplamalarni eksport qilish va reeksport qilishda ayblanmoqda. Vang va uning fitnachilari yuqori samarali epoksi qoplamalarini AQShdan Pokistonning Chashma II zavodiga Xitoy Xalq Respublikasidagi uchinchi tomon distribyutori orqali eksport qilish va reeksport qilish sxemasini kelishib oldilar.[70]
Da'vo qilingan ISI xodimi Muhammad Taslim (garchi Pokiston hukumati hech qachon da'vo qilmagan), Nyu-York konsulligidagi attaşe, FQB tomonidan 2010 yilda AQShda yashovchi pokistonliklarga Pokiston hukumati to'g'risida ochiq gapirishlariga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun tahdid qilgani aniqlangan. AQSh rasmiylari va olimlari ISIda Pokiston armiyasi haqida tanqidiy gapiradiganlarga tahdid qilish uchun muntazam ravishda kampaniya borligini aytishadi va ayblaydilar.[71]

Al-Qoida va Tolibon jangarilari qo'lga olindi

Ramzi Yousef, rejalashtiruvchilardan biri 1993 yil Jahon Savdo Markazining portlashi shuningdek Bojinka fitnasi. Pokiston razvedkasi va Davlat departamenti - AQSh diplomatik xavfsizlik xizmati (DSS) Pokistonning Islomobod shahrida qo'lga olingan Yousefning maxsus agentlari. 1995 yil 7 fevralda ular Pokistonning Islomobod shahridagi Su-Casa mehmon uyidagi 16-xonaga bostirib kirdilar va Yusefni ko'chib o'tmasdan tutib oldilar. Peshovar.[72]
2001 yil noyabr oyida Liviya harbiylashtirilgan harbiy treneri Ibn ash-Shayx al-Libi Al-Qoida Tolibon qulashi ortidan Afg'onistondan qochishga harakat qildi 2001 yil AQShning Afg'onistonga bostirib kirishi ammo Pokiston kuchlari tomonidan qo'lga olingan.[73]
Buyuk Britaniyada tug'ilgan va kelib chiqishi pokistonlik bo'lgan shayx Umar Said Pokiston politsiyasi tomonidan 2002 yil 12 fevralda hibsga olingan Lahor, Inju o'g'irlash bilan birgalikda. Marvaridni o'g'irlab ketishgan, tomog'ini kesib tashlashgan, keyin boshini olishgan va shayx Umar Said bosh gumondor deb nomlangan.[74] Shu bilan birga, Shayx Pokiston sudiga IShIDga bir hafta oldin taslim bo'lganini aytdi.[75]
Abu Zubayda, Al-Qoida terrorchisi, ko'plab terroristik fitnalarni tayyorlash uchun javobgardir, shu jumladan yuborish Ahmed Ressam 2000 yilda Los-Anjeles aeroportini portlatish uchun.[76] U 2002 yil 28 martda ISI, Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi va Federal qidiruv byurosi xodimlari tomonidan bir nechta xavfsiz uylarga bostirib kirgandan so'ng qo'lga olingan. Faysalobod, Pokiston.[77][78][79][80]
Ramzi bin ash-Shibh, Al-Qoida terrorchisi, 11 sentyabr teraktlarini hamda 2000 yildagi hujumni rejalashtirish uchun mas'ul USS Koul bombardimon qilish va 2002 yil Griba ibodatxonasini portlatish yilda Tunis.[81] 2002 yil 11 sentyabrda ISI Ramzi bin al-Shibhni reyd paytida muvaffaqiyatli qo'lga kiritdi Karachi.[82]
Xolid Shayx Muhammad so'nggi yigirma yil ichida 11 sentyabr voqealari va boshqa muhim terroristik rejalarning, shu jumladan Jahon Savdo Markazi 1993 yildagi portlashlar, Bojinka operatsiyasi fitna, 2002 yilda bekor qilingan hujum AQSh bank minorasi Los-Anjelesda Balidagi tungi klubdagi portlashlar, muvaffaqiyatsiz bomba American Airlines aviakompaniyasining 63-reysi, Ming yillik uchastkasi va qotillik Daniel Perl. 2003 yil 1 martda ISI Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi bilan qo'shma reydda KSMni muvaffaqiyatli qo'lga kiritdi Maxsus faoliyat bo'limi paramilitary operatives and the Diplomatik xavfsizlik xizmati Special Agents in Ravalpindi, Pokiston.[83]
  • Abu Faraj Farj a
Pakistani intelligence agencies and security forces arrested Abu Faraj Farj al-Liby, mastermind of two failed attempts on President Pervez Musharraf's life, in May 2005.[84]
  • Maulvi Omar
Senior aid to Baytulloh Mehsud captured by ISI in August 2009.
Taliban's deputy commander, Abdul Ghani Baradar was captured by U.S. and Pakistani forces in Pakistan on 8 February 2010, in a morning raid.[85]

Qabul qilish

Critics of the ISI say that it has become a davlat ichida davlat and not accountable enough. Some analysts say that this is because of the fact that intelligence work agencies around the world remain secretive. Critics argue the institution should be more accountable to the President or the Prime Minister.[86] After discovering it, the Pakistani Government disbanded the ISI 'Political Wing' in 2008.[87]

AQSh hukumati

Davomida Sovuq urush, the ISI and the CIA worked together to send spy planes ichiga Sovet Ittifoqi.[88] The ISI and CIA also worked closely during the Sovet-afg'on urushi supporting groups such as Gulbuddin Hekmatyor "s Hizb-i Islomiy va Jaloluddin Haqqoniy, rahbari Haqqoniy tarmog'i.[89]

Some report the ISI and CIA stepped up cooperation in the aftermath of the 11 sentyabr hujumlari to kill and capture senior Al-Qoida leaders such as Sheikh Younis Al Mauritan and Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, the planner of the 9/11 attacks who was residing in Pakistan. Pakistan claims that in total around 100 top level al-Qaeda leaders/operators were killed/arrested by ISI.[90] Davlat kotibi Hillari Klinton said Pakistan is paying a "big price for supporting the U.S. war against terror groups. ... I think it is important to note that as they have made these adjustments in their own assessment of their national interests, they're paying a big price for it".[91]

Other senior international officials, however, maintain that senior Al-Qoida leaders such as Usama Bin Laden have been hidden by the ISI in major settled areas of Pakistan with the full knowledge of the Pakistani military leadership.[92] Tomonidan 2011 yil dekabr oyida o'tkazilgan tahliliy hisobot Jamestown Foundation came to the conclusion that "in spite of denials by the Pakistani military, evidence is emerging that elements within the Pakistani military harbored Osama bin Laden with the knowledge of former army chief General Parvez Musharraf and possibly former Chief of Army Staff (COAS) General Ashfaq Pervez Kayani. Pokistonning sobiq generali Ziauddin Butt (general Ziauddin Xavaja) Pokiston-AQSh konferentsiyasida ma'lum qildi. relations in October 2011 that according to his knowledge the then former Director-General of Intelligence Bureau of Pakistan (2004–2008), Brigadier Ijaz Shah (retd.), had kept Osama bin Laden in an Intelligence Bureau safe house in Abbottabad."[93] Pakistani General Ziauddin Butt said Bin Laden had been hidden in Abbotobod by the ISI "with the full knowledge" of Pervez Musharraf[93] but later denied making any such statement, saying his words were altered by the media, he said: "It is the hobby of the Western media to distort the facts for their own purposes."[94] U.S. military officials have increasingly said, they do not notify Pakistani officials before conducting operations against the Afghan Taliban or Al Qaeda, because they fear Pakistani officials may tip them off.[95]

International officials have accused the ISI of continuing to support and even lead the Taliban today in the Afg'onistondagi urush (2001 yildan hozirgacha). Sifatida Shtab boshliqlarining birlashgan raisi, Mayk Mullen aytilgan:

The fact remains that the Quetta Shura [Taliban] and the Haqqani Network operate from Pakistan with impunity ... Extremist organizations serving as proxies of the government of Pakistan are attacking Afghan troops and civilians as well as US soldiers. ... For example, we believe the Haqqani Network—which has long enjoyed the support and protection of the Pakistani government ... is, in many ways, a strategic arm of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Agency.

— [96]

The Associated Press reported that "the president said Mullen's statement 'expressed frustration' over the insurgent safe havens in Pakistan. But Obama said 'the intelligence is not as clear as we might like in terms of what exactly that relationship is.' Obama added that whether Pakistan's ties with the Haqqani network are active or passive, Pakistan has to deal with it."[97][98]

The Guantanamo qamoqxonasi fayllari sizib chiqdi, however, showed that the US authorities unofficially consider the ISI as a terrorist organization equally dangerous as Al Qaeda and Taliban, and many allegations of its supporting terrorist activities have been made.[99][100]

In 2017, General Jozef Dunford, raisi Birlashgan shtab boshliqlari, accused ISI of having ties to terror groups.[101] In a Senate hearing, Dunford told members of the U.S. Senate: "It is clear to me that the ISI has connections with terrorist groups."[102]

Hindiston hukumati

India has accused ISI of plotting the Mumbai terror attack in March 1993[103] and November 2008.[iqtibos kerak ] Ga ko'ra Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining diplomatik kabellari sizib chiqmoqda the ISI had previously shared intelligence information with Israel regarding possible terrorist attacks against Jewish and Israeli sites in India in late 2008.[104] ISI is also accused of supporting pro independence militias in Jammu and Kashmir[105] while Pakistan denies all such claims.[106][107][108]

India accuses ISI of supporting separatist militants in Jammu va Kashmir while Pakistan claims to give them moral support only.[109]

Qarama-qarshiliklar

The ISI has long been accused of using designated terrorist groups va militants o'tkazish proksi urushlar against its neighbors.[110][111][112] According to Grant Holt and David H. Gray "The agency specializes in utilizing terrorist organizations as proxies for Pakistani foreign policy, covert action abroad, and controlling domestic politics."[113] James Forest says there has been increasing proof from counter-terrorism organizations that militants and the Toliblar continue to receive assistance from the ISI, as well as the establishment of camps to train terrorists on Pakistani territory.[114] All external operations are carried out under the supervision of the S Wing ISI.[115] The agency is divided into Eight divisions.[116] Joint Intelligence/North (JIN) is responsible for conducting operations in Jammu va Kashmir and Afghanistan.[117] The Joint Signal Intelligence Bureau (JSIB) provide support with communications to groups in Kashmir.[117] Ga binoan Daniel Benjamin va Stiven Simon, ikkala sobiq a'zolari Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi, the ISI acted as a "kind of terrorist conveyor belt" radicalizing young men in the Madrassas in Pakistan and delivering them to training camps affiliated with or run by Al-Qaeda and from there moving them into Jammu and Kashmir to launch attacks.[118]

Support for militants

From the 1990s, the ISI began to court the Jihadists who had emerged from the ziddiyat qarshi Sovet Ittifoqi in Afghanistan and by 2000 the majority of militant groups operating in Kashmir were either based in Pakistan or were pro Pakistan. These groups are used to conduct a past zichlikdagi ziddiyat Hindistonga qarshi.[119] Ga binoan Stiven P. Koen and John Wilson, the ISI's aid to and creation of designated terrorist groups and religious extremist groups is well documented.[120][121] The ISI have been accused of having close ties to Lashkar-e-Taiba who carried out the attacks in Mumbai in 2008.[122] The ISI have also given aid to Hizbul mujohidlar.[123] Terrorism expert Gus Martin has said the ISI has a long history of supporting designated terrorist groups and pro Independence groups operating in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir which fight against Indian interests.[109][124] The ISI also helped with the founding of the group Jay-e-Muhammad.[125]

Hizbul mujohidlar

Hizbul Mujahideen were created as the Kashmiri branch of Jamaat-i-Islami.[126] It has been reported that JI founded Hizbul Mujahideen at the request of the ISI to counter the Jammu va Kashmirni ozod qilish fronti (JKLF) who are advocates for the independence of Kashmir.[127] Although the failure of 1987 elections in Kashmir and afterwards arrest of Muhammad Yusuf a.k.a. Seyid Salohiddin led to the events that created armed struggle in the valley.

Al-Badr

There have been three incarnations of the group Al-Badr. Ga binoan Piter Tomsen, bilan birgalikda ISI Jamoat-i-Islomiy birinchisini tashkil qildi Al-Badr who resisted the Indian trained influx of Mukti Bahini in Bangladesh in the 1970s.[128][129] Uchinchisi Al-Badr (India)

Al-Qoida

Asosiy maqolalar: Afg'onistondagi fuqarolar urushi (1989–1992) va Sovet-afg'on urushi

The ISI supported Al-Qoida during the war along with CIA against the Soviet government, through the Toliblar, and it is believed by some that there are still contact between Al-Qaeda and the ISI.[130] An assessment by British Intelligence in 2000 into Al-Qaeda training camps in Afghanistan showed the ISI were playing an active role in some of them.[131] In 2002, it was alleged that when the Egyptian investigators tracked down Al-Qaeda member Ahmed Said Khadr in Pakistan, the Egyptian authorities informed Pakistani authorities about the location of Khadir. However, the Afghan Taliban at night came in a car and took Khadir along with them to Afghanistan. The next day, Pakistani authorities claimed that they were unable to capture Khadir.[132] The leak in 2012 of elektron pochta xabarlari dan Stratfor claimed that papers captured during all the compounds the raid in Abbotabad on Osama Bin Laden's compound showed up to 12 ISI officials knew where he was and that Bin Laden had been in regular contact with the ISI.[133]

However, the Al-Qaeda has repeatedly labelled Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI) an enemy of Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda claimed that the Pakistani military and intelligence are their main targets in Pakistan.[134] 2019 yilda, Ayman al-Zawahari in video message labelled Inter-Service Intelligence and Pakistani military a 'puppet' of Qo'shma Shtatlar.[135][136]

Harkat-ul-mujohidlar

Harkat-ul-Mujahideen were founded in the 1980s by the ISI to fight against Indian interests.[137]

Jammu va Kashmir

Under the orders of Muhammad Ziyo-ul-Haq, in 1984 the ISI prepared a plan which was to be set in motion in 1991.[138]

Haqqoniy tarmog'i

ISI ning yaqin aloqalari mavjud Haqqoniy tarmog'i[139] va ularni moliyalashtirishga katta hissa qo'shadi.[140] Bu keng tarqalgan o'z joniga qasd qilish on the Indian embassy in Kabul was planned with the help of the ISI.[141] 2008 yildagi hisobot Milliy razvedka direktori ISI, ularga qarshi hujumlarda yordam berish uchun razvedka va mablag 'ajratishini ta'kidladi Xalqaro xavfsizlikka yordam berish kuchlari, Afg'oniston hukumati va Hindiston maqsadlari.[142] However, on 5 November 2014, Lt. Gen. Joseph Anderson, a senior commander for US and Nato forces in Afghanistan, said in a Pentagon-hosted video briefing from Afghanistan that the Haqqani network is now "fractured" like the Taliban. "They are fractured. They are fractured like the Taliban is. That's based pretty much on the Pakistan's operations in North Waziristan this entire summer-fall," he said, acknowledging the effectiveness of Pakistan's harbiy hujum in North Waziristan. "That has very much disrupted their efforts in Afghanistan and has caused them to be less effective in terms of their ability to pull off an attack in Kabul," Anderson added.[143]

Jurnalistlarga hujum

Xalqaro Amnistiya published document over the investigation of ISI over murder case of Saleem Shahzad.[144]

Uskunalar

  • ISI uses different types of equipment connected and shared from Maxsus operatsion kuchlar. The Primary weapon given to ISI Operatives is FN besh-etti, Heckler & Koch USP va Glock Pistols.

Zararlar

Since Pakistan's launch of war on Al-Qaeda, Taliban and other jihadist groups, the country's armed forces, intelligence services (particularly ISI), military industrial complexes, paramilitary forces and police forces have come under intense attacks. ISI has played major role in targeting these groups, therefore it has faced retaliatory strikes as well. 2011 yildan boshlab, more than 300 ISI officials have been killed.[145] Below are some major incidents when attempts were made to target ISI.

  • A suicide bomber struck his vehicle into bus carrying officials killing at least 28 people on 28 November 2007 outside ISI office in Rawalpindi.[146]
  • 30 people including four officials of Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and 14 policemen were killed and over 300 were injured when three people attacked ISI office on 27 May 2009 in Lahore. The attackers fired at ISI office and policemen present there. The guards at ISI building fought back. During the incident of firing explosive laden vehicle detonated[147][148]
  • At least 13 people among 10 military personnel were killed when suicide bomber blew up his van into agency's Peshawar office on 13 November 2009. Around 400 kg of explosives were used which destroyed significant portion of building.[149]
  • Two attackers ambushed Multan office in which 8 people were killed and 45 were injured on 8 December 2009. Two army personnel were dead and seven while seven officials were injured. About 800–1000 kg of explosives were used.[150]
  • A car bomb exploded at CNG station in Faisalabad on 8 March 2011 killing 25 people and injuring more than 100. Taliban spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan told that the nearby ISI office was the target. No losses of ISI personnel were reported, and only 1 official was injured.[151]
  • Three intelligence officials were killed and one was wounded when a vehicle carrying agency personnel was ambushed in FR Bannu on 14 September 2011.[152]
  • Four people including ISI officials were killed and 35 were injured when local office of ISI was attacked by 5 suicide bombers in Sukkur on 24 July 2013.[iqtibos kerak ]

Shuningdek qarang

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