Qora shanba - Black Sabbath
Qora shanba | |
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| Ma'lumotlar | |
| Shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan |
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| Kelib chiqishi | Birmingem, Angliya |
| Janrlar | Og'ir metall[1] |
| Faol yillar | 1968–2006, 2011–2017 |
| Yorliqlar | |
| Birlashtirilgan aktlar | |
| Veb-sayt | www |
| O'tgan a'zolar | Ro'yxat |
Qora shanba ingliz edi tosh guruhi tashkil etilgan Birmingem 1968 yilda gitara chaluvchisi tomonidan Toni Iommi, barabanchi Bill Uord, basist Geezer Butler va vokalist Ozzy Osbourne. Ular ko'pincha kashshoflar sifatida tilga olinadi og'ir metall musiqa.[1] Guruh kabi nashrlar bilan janrni aniqlashga yordam berdi Qora shanba (1970), Paranoid (1970) va Haqiqat ustasi (1971). 1979 yilda Osburnning ketishi bilan guruh tarkibida bir nechta tarkib o'zgargan, Iommi butun tarix davomida yagona doimiy a'zodir.
Polka Tulk Blues Band va Earth deb nomlangan guruhning avvalgi takrorlanishlaridan so'ng, guruh 1969 yilda Black Sabbath nomi bilan qaror topdilar. Ular yashirin mavzular orqali dahshatdan ilhomlangan so'zlar va sozlangan gitaralar bilan ajralib turdilar. Imzo Philips Records 1969 yil noyabrda ular birinchi singlini chiqarishdi "Yovuz ayol "1970 yil yanvarda. Ularning birinchi albomi, Qora shanba, keyingi oy ozod qilindi. Salbiy tanqidiy javobni olgan bo'lsa-da, albom savdo-sotiqda muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va keyingi yozuvlarga olib keldi, Paranoid, keyinchalik 1970 yilda. Guruhning mashhurligi o'sdi va 1973 yilga kelib Shabbat qonli shanba, tanqidchilar ijobiy javob berishni boshladilar.
Osburnning haddan tashqari giyohvand moddalarni suiiste'mol qilishi 1979 yilda uni otib tashlashga olib keldi. Uning o'rnini sobiq egalladi Kamalak vokalchi Ronni Jeyms Dio. Dio bilan ikkita albomdan so'ng, Black Sabbath 1980 va 1990 yillarda vokalchilarni o'z ichiga olgan ko'plab kadrlar o'zgarishlariga duch keldi. Yan Gillan, Glenn Xyuz, Rey Gillen va Toni Martin, shuningdek, bir nechta barabanchilar va baschilar. 1987 yilda Gillenni almashtirgan Martin vokalistlar orasida ikkinchi o'rinni egallab, 1991 yilda ishdan bo'shatilishidan oldin Black Sabbath bilan uchta albom yozgan. O'sha yili Iommi va Butler Dio va barabanchi bilan qo'shilishdi. Vinni Appice yozib olmoq Dehumanizator (1992). 1993 yilda Dio o'rnini egallagan Martin bilan yana ikkita studiya albomidan so'ng, guruhning asl tarkibi 1997 yilda birlashdi va jonli albom chiqardi. Uchrashuv keyingi yil; Ular 2005 yilgacha vaqti-vaqti bilan gastrol safarlarini davom ettirdilar. Turli xil kataloglarning qayta nashr etilishi va kompilyatsiya albomlaridan tashqari Mob qoidalari -era tarkibi yana birlashdi Jannat va do'zax, olti yil davomida "qora shanba" nomi ostida boshqa faoliyat yo'q edi. Ular 2011 yilda birlashdilar va yakuniy studiya albomini va umuman o'n to'qqizinchi albomini chiqardilar, 13 (2013), unda Warddan tashqari barcha asl a'zolar mavjud. Ular davomida vidolashuv safari, guruh o'zlarini ijro etdi yakuniy konsert 2017 yil 4-fevral kuni o'zlarining Birmingem shahrida.[2][3]
Black Sabbath 2013 yilga kelib dunyo bo'ylab 70 milliondan ortiq yozuvlarni sotdi va bu ularni og'ir metallarning eng tijorat jihatdan muvaffaqiyatli guruhlaridan biriga aylantirdi. Ular tomonidan tartiblangan MTV barcha zamonlarning eng zo'r metall tasmasi "sifatida ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi VH1 "Hard Rockning 100 eng buyuk rassomi" ro'yxati. Rolling Stone jurnali ularni "Barcha zamonlarning eng buyuk 100 rassomi" da 85-o'rinni egalladi. Qora shanba kuni bu erga kiritildi Buyuk Britaniya musiqiy shon-sharaf zali 2005 yilda va Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali 2006 yilda. Ular ikkitasida g'alaba qozonishdi Grammy mukofotlari uchun Eng yaxshi metall ishlashi, va 2019 yilda guruh taqdim etildi a Grammy Lifetime Achievement mukofoti.[4]
Tarix
Yaratilish va dastlabki kunlar (1968-1969)
Oldingi guruhlari ajralib chiqqanidan keyin Mifologiya 1968 yilda gitara chaluvchisi Toni Iommi va barabanchi Bill Uord ichida og'ir blyuz rok guruhini tuzishga intildi Aston, Birmingem. Ular bassistni jalb qilishdi Geezer Butler va vokalist Ozzy Osbourne Rare Breed nomli guruhda birga o'ynagan Osbourne mahalliy musiqa do'konida reklama joylashtirib: "OZZY ZIG Gig-ga muhtoj - o'z kapitaliga ega".[5] Dastlab yangi guruh Polka Tulk Blues Band deb nomlandi, bu nom talk markasidan olingan.[6] yoki hind / pokiston kiyim-kechak do'koni; aniq kelib chiqishi aralashgan.[7] Polka Tulk Blues Band tarkibiga slayd-gitarachi, Osbornning bolalikdagi do'sti Jimmi Fillips va saksofonchi Alan "Aker" Klark kirgan. Polka Tulk ismini qisqartirgandan so'ng, guruh yana o'z nomlarini Yerga o'zgartirdi (Osburn uni yomon ko'rgan)[8] va Fillips va Klarksiz to'rt qism bo'lib davom etdi.[9][10] Iommi Fillips va Klarkda kerakli fidoyilik etishmasligi va guruhni jiddiy qabul qilmasliklaridan xavotirga tushdi. Ulardan ketishni iltimos qilish o'rniga, ular ajralishga qaror qilishdi va keyin jimgina guruhni to'rt qismli qilib isloh qilishdi.[11] Guruh Yer nomi ostida chiqish qilayotganda, ular Norman Heyns tomonidan yozilgan "Isyonchi", "Jim uchun qo'shiq" va "Men tushganimda" kabi bir nechta demolarni yozib olishdi.[12] "Jim uchun qo'shiq" nomli demoga ishora qilingan Jim Simpson. Simpson guruhlar uchun menejer bo'lgan Bakerloo Blues Line va Tea & Symphony, shuningdek, Lokomotiv guruhining karnay ijrochisi. Yaqinda Simpson nomli yangi klubni tashkil qildi Genri Blueshouse Birmingemdagi "Crown Hotel" mehmonxonasida va bepul futbolkalar evaziga odatiy qo'llab-quvvatlash guruhi to'lovidan voz kechishga rozi bo'lganlaridan so'ng, Yerni u erda o'ynashga ruxsat berishni taklif qildi.[13] Tomoshabinlarning fikri ijobiy bo'ldi va Simpson Yerni boshqarishga rozi bo'ldi.[14][15]
1968 yil dekabrda Iommi to'satdan Erni tark etish uchun tark etdi Jetro Tull.[16] Uning guruhdagi faoliyati qisqa muddatli bo'lishiga qaramay, Iommi Jetro Tull bilan chiqish qildi "Rolling Stones" rok-rolli sirk Televizion shou. Jetro Tullning ko'rsatmasidan mamnun bo'lmagan Iommi oy oxirigacha Yerga qaytib keldi. "Bu to'g'ri emas edi, shuning uchun men ketdim", dedi Iommi. "Avvaliga men Tullni zo'r deb o'yladim, lekin guruhda etakchiga ega bo'lish uchun juda ko'p harakat qilmadim Yan Anderson yo'l. Tulldan qaytib kelganimda, umuman yangicha munosabat bilan qaytdim. Ular menga o'qishga kirishish uchun ishlash kerakligini aytdilar.[17]
1969 yilda Angliyada shoular o'ynab, guruh boshqa bir ingliz guruhini Yer deb adashayotganini aniqladi. Ular yana ismlarini o'zgartirishga qaror qilishdi. Guruhning mashg'ulot xonasi qarshisidagi kinoteatr 1963 yilgi dahshatli filmni namoyish qilar edi Qora shanba yulduzcha Boris Karloff va rejissyor Mario Bava. Filmni tomosha qilish uchun odamlarning navbatda turishini tomosha qilar ekan, Butler "odamlarning qo'rqinchli filmlarni ko'rish uchun shuncha pul sarf qilishi g'alati" ekanligini ta'kidladi.[18] Shundan so'ng Osburn va Butler "deb nomlangan qo'shiqning so'zlarini yozishdi.Qora shanba "dahshatli va sarguzasht-hikoya yozuvchisi asaridan ilhomlangan Dennis Uitli,[19][20] Butler ko'rpa-to'shagining etagida turgan qora rangdagi tasvirni ko'rish bilan birga.[21] Musiqiy asarlardan foydalanish triton, shuningdek, "Iblisning oralig'i" deb nomlangan,[22] qo'shiqning mash'um ovozi va qorong'i so'zlari guruhni qorong'i tomonga surib qo'ydi,[23][24] hukmronlik qilgan 1960-yillarning oxiridagi mashhur musiqadan keskin farq qiladi gul kuchi, xalq musiqasi va hippi madaniyati. Yahudo ruhoniysi frontman Rob Xelford trekni "ehtimol yozilgan eng yomon qo'shiq" deb atagan.[25] Guruh yangi ovozdan ilhomlanib, 1969 yil avgustda o'z nomlarini Black Sabbath deb o'zgartirdi,[26] va dahshatli filmlarning musiqiy ekvivalenti yaratish uchun shu kabi materiallarni yozishga e'tibor qaratish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi.
Qora shanba va Paranoid (1970–1971)
"Black Sabbath" guruhining birinchi namoyishi 1969 yil 30 avgustda bo'lib o'tdi Workington, Angliya.[11] Ular imzolangan Philips Records 1969 yil noyabrda,[27] va birinchi singlini chiqardi "Yovuz ayol "(guruh tomonidan qo'shiqning muqovasi Qarg'a ) da yozilgan Trident studiyalari, Philips filiali orqali Fontana Records 1970 yil yanvar oyida. Keyinchalik nashrlar Philipsning yangi tashkil etilgan progressiv rok yorlig'i bilan amalga oshirildi, Vertigo Records.
"Qora shanba" ning birinchi yirik namoyishi guruh paydo bo'lganida yuz berdi Jon Peel "s Top Gear 1969 yilda namoyish etilgan radio shou "Qora shanba ", "N.I.B. ", Uyqu devorining orqasida" va "Uyqudagi qishloq" filmlari Buyuk Britaniyadagi milliy auditoriyaga birinchi albomini yozilishidan bir oz oldin.[11] Garchi "Evil Ayol" singlini jadvalga kirita olmagan bo'lsa-da, guruhga noyabr oyida ikki kunlik studiya vaqti berilib, prodyuser bilan birinchi albomini yozib olishdi. Rodger Beyn. Iommi jonli efirda yozib olganini eslaydi: "Biz" buni amalga oshirish uchun ikki kunimiz bor, kunlarning biri aralashib ketadi "deb o'yladik. Shunday qilib, biz jonli ijroda o'ynadik. Ozi bir vaqtning o'zida qo'shiq aytardi, biz uni alohida kabinaga joylashtirdik va ketdik. Bizda hech qachon aksariyat narsalarning ikkinchi marotaba o'tkazilishi yo'q edi. "[28]
Qora shanba kuni ozod qilindi 13-juma, 1970 yil fevral va 8-raqamga yetdi Buyuk Britaniya albomlari jadvali. 1970 yil may oyida AQSh va Kanadada chiqarilgandan so'ng Warner Bros. Records, albom 23-raqamga erishdi Billboard 200, u erda bir yildan ko'proq vaqt qoldi.[29][30] Albomga ko'plab tanqidchilar tomonidan salbiy baho berilgan. Lester portlashlari uni bekor qildi Rolling Stone "bir-birining musiqiy perimetrlari bo'ylab tezlashtirilgan tezlik va frekanslar kabi bosh va gitara g'altaklari bilan bezovtalangan murabbolar" deb baholang.[31] Panga tushirilganiga qaramay, u juda ko'p sonda sotildi va guruhga birinchi asosiy ta'sirni taqdim etdi.[32] Bu shunday bo'ldi sertifikatlangan platina ikkala AQShda ham Amerikaning Yozish sanoati assotsiatsiyasi (RIAA) va Buyuk Britaniyada Britaniya fonografik sanoati (BPI),[33][34] va hozirda birinchi bo'lib og'ir metallardan tayyorlangan albom sifatida qabul qilindi.[35]
To'rt oy o'tgach, guruh 1970 yil iyun oyida studiyaga qaytdi Qora shanba ozod qilindi. Dastlab yangi albom nomlanishi kerak edi Urush cho'chqalari qo'shiqdan keyin "Urush cho'chqalari "ni tanqid qilgan Vetnam urushi; ammo, Warner albom nomini o'zgartirdi Paranoid. Albomning etakchi qo'shig'i "Paranoid ", so'nggi daqiqada studiyada yozilgan edi. Uord tushuntiradi:" Bizda albom uchun etarli qo'shiqlar yo'q edi va Toni shunchaki [Paranoid] gitara lickini ijro etdi va shu bilan tugadi. Yuqoridan tepaga yigirma yigirma besh daqiqa vaqt ketdi ".[36] Singl 1970 yil sentyabr oyida chiqdi va to'rtinchi raqamga chiqdi Buyuk Britaniyaning yakkaliklar jadvali, Black Sabbath-ning yagona eng yaxshi o'ntaligi.[30] Albom 1970 yil oktyabr oyida Buyuk Britaniyada paydo bo'ldi, u erda "Paranoid" singlining muvaffaqiyati turtki bo'lib, u chartlarda birinchi o'rinni egalladi.
AQShning chiqarilishi 1971 yil yanvargacha bo'lib o'tdi Qora shanba O'sha paytda albom hali ham jadvallarda edi Paranoid'Buyuk Britaniyaning chiqarilishi. Keyinchalik Black Sabbath birinchi marta Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarida gastrol safari o'tkazdi va AQShdagi birinchi shousini Nyu-York shahridagi G'arbiy 70-ko'chada joylashgan Ungano's klubida o'tkazdi.[37] Albom 1971 yil mart oyida AQShda 12-o'rinni egalladi,[29] va AQShda to'rt million nusxada sotishni davom ettiradi,[33] deyarli radio efirsiz.[30] Yoqdi Qora shanba, albomni davrning rok tanqidchilari panjara qilishgan, ammo AllMusic-ning Stiv Xuey singari zamonaviy sharhlovchilari Paranoid "og'ir metallarning ovozi va uslubini rok tarixidagi boshqa barcha yozuvlardan ko'ra ko'proq aniqlagan" "barcha zamonlarning eng buyuk va eng nufuzli og'ir metall albomlaridan biri" sifatida.[38] Albom 131-o'rinda joylashgan Rolling Stone jurnal ro'yxati Barcha zamonlarning eng buyuk 500 albomi.[39] Paranoid'Diagrammaning muvaffaqiyati 1970 yil oktyabr oyida guruhga birinchi marta AQSh bo'ylab gastrol safari o'tkazishga imkon berdi, bu albomning ikkinchi singlini chiqarishga turtki berdi.Temir odam Garchi singl eng yaxshi 40 talikka kira olmagan bo'lsa-da, "Iron Man" Black Sabbath-ning eng mashhur qo'shiqlaridan biri bo'lib qolmoqda, shuningdek, guruhning 1998 yildagi eng yuqori chartli AQSh singlisi "Psixo odam ".[29]
Haqiqat ustasi va 4-jild (1971–1973)
1971 yil fevral oyida Myponga pop festivali Avstraliyada,[40] Black Sabbath studiyasiga qaytib, uchinchi albomi ustida ishlashni boshladi. Diagrammaning muvaffaqiyatidan so'ng Paranoid, guruhga ko'proq dori-darmon sotib olish uchun "naqd pulga to'la portfel" bilan birga ko'proq studiya vaqti berildi.[41] "Biz katta vaqtga kelib koksga tushib qoldik", deb tushuntirdi Uord. "Upperlar, pastga tushuvchilar, Qualudes, sizga yoqadigan narsa. Bu sahnaga etib keldi, u erda siz g'oyalar bilan chiqasiz va ularni unutasiz, chunki siz shunchaki u erda bo'lmagansiz."[42]
Ishlab chiqarish 1971 yil aprelda, iyulda guruh yakunlandi Haqiqat ustasi, AQSh ozod qilinganidan olti oy o'tgach Paranoid. Albom AQSh va Buyuk Britaniyada eng yaxshi o'nlikka kirdi va ikki oydan kam vaqt ichida oltin sertifikatiga ega bo'ldi,[33] oxir-oqibat 1980-yillarda platina sertifikati va 21-asrning boshlarida er-xotin platina.[33] Unda Shabbat kuni birinchi bor edi akustik "kabi muxlislar sevimlilar bilan bir qatordaQabr bolalari "va"Shirin barg ".[43] Davrning tanqidiy munosabati odatda noqulay edi Lester portlashlari noaniq sharhni taqdim etish Haqiqat ustasi yilda Rolling Stone"Qabr bolalari" ning yopilishini "sodda, sodda, takrorlanadigan, mutlaq doggerel" deb ta'riflagan, ammo [rock'nroll] urf-odatlarida ... Faqat mezon bu hayajon, va Qora Shabbat buni qabul qildi ".[44] (2003 yilda, Rolling Stone albomini "Barcha zamonlarning eng zo'r 500 albomi" ro'yxatiga 300-raqamga kiritadi.[45])
Keyingi Haqiqat ustasi 1972 yilda dunyo sayohati, shanba uch yil ichida birinchi tanaffus qildi. Uord tushuntirganidek: "Guruh juda charchagan va charchagan edi. Biz yo'lda to'xtamay, yil sayin, doimiy gastrollarda va yozuvlarda bo'ldik. O'ylaymanki. Haqiqat ustasi bir davrning oxiri, dastlabki uchta albom kabi edi va biz keyingi albom bilan vaqt sarflashga qaror qildik. "[46]
1972 yil iyun oyida guruh Los-Anjelesda qayta yig'ilib, navbatdagi albomi ustida ishlashni boshladi Yozuv zavodi. Studiyada ko'proq vaqt o'tishi bilan albom guruhda torlar, fortepiano, orkestratsiya va ko'p qismli qo'shiqlar kabi yangi to'qimalarni sinab ko'rdi.[47] Yozib olish muammolarga duch keldi, aksariyati giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish bilan bog'liq muammolar natijasida. "Kornukopiya" qo'shig'ini "xonaning o'rtasida o'tirib, shunchaki giyohvandlik bilan shug'ullanganidan" keyin yozib olish uchun kurashmoqda,[48] Uord deyarli ishdan bo'shatildi. "Men qo'shiqdan nafratlanardim, ba'zi naqshlar bor edi, ular shunchaki ... dahshatli edi", dedi barabanchi. "Men oxir-oqibat uni mixladim, ammo bunga hammaning sovuq elkasi tushdi. Bu" Yaxshi, shunchaki uyingga bor, hozir senga hech qanday foyda yo'q "degan gapga o'xshaydi. Men uni puflagandek his qildim, ishdan bo'shatmoqchi edim ".[49] Butler, yakuniy mahsulot "menga nisbatan juda yomon ishlab chiqarilgan deb o'ylardi. Bizning o'sha paytdagi menejerimiz uni ishlab chiqarishni talab qilgan, shuning uchun u ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarini talab qilishi mumkin edi".[50]
Albom dastlab nomlangan Snowblind giyohvand moddalarni suiiste'mol qilish bilan shug'ullanadigan xuddi shu nomdagi qo'shiqdan keyin. Rekord kompaniyasi so'nggi daqiqada sarlavhani o'zgartirdi Qora Shabbat Vol. 4. Uord: "1, 2 yoki 3 jildlar bo'lmagan, shuning uchun bu juda ahmoqona nom", deb kuzatgan.[51] Vol. 4 1972 yil sentyabr oyida chiqdi va tanqidchilar rad javobini berganda, u bir oydan kamroq vaqt ichida oltin maqomiga erishdi va guruhning ketma-ket to'rtinchi chiqishi bo'lib, AQShda million sotgan.[33] "Ertangi kunning orzusi" singl sifatida chiqarildi - guruhning "Paranoid" dan keyingi birinchi qo'shig'i - lekin jadvalga kira olmadi.[29]
Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab ekskursiyadan so'ng, 1973 yilda guruh yana Avstraliyaga sayohat qildi, so'ngra birinchi marta Yangi Zelandiyaga gastrol safari bo'lib, Evropa materikiga ko'chib o'tdi. "Guruh, albatta, eng gullab-yashnagan davrda edi, - deb esladi Uord, - bu ma'noda hali hech kim kuyib ulgurmagan."[52]
Shabbat qonli shanba va Sabotaj (1973–1976)
Keyingi 4-jild Black Sabbath dunyo bo'ylab safari navbatdagi chiqishi ustida ishlashni boshlash uchun Los-Anjelesga qaytib keldi. Bilan xursand 4-jild albomi, guruh yozuvlar muhitini tiklashga intildi va Los-Anjelesdagi Record Plant studiyasiga qaytdi. Davrning yangi musiqiy yangiliklari bilan guruh avvallari Yozuvlar zavodida ishlatgan xonasi "ulkan sintezator" bilan almashtirilganiga hayron bo'lishdi. Guruh uyni ijaraga oldi Bel Air va 1973 yil yozida yozishni boshladi, ammo qisman mohiyat va charchoq tufayli ular biron bir qo'shiqni bajara olmadilar. "G'oyalar avvalgiday chiqayotgan emas edi 4-jild Va biz haqiqatan ham noroziligimizga duch keldik ", dedi Iommi. - Hamma u erda o'tirar edi, biron bir narsa bilan kelishimni kutishdi. Men hech narsa haqida o'ylay olmadim. Agar men hech narsa o'ylamagan bo'lsam, hech kim hech narsa qilmas edi. "[53]
Los-Anjelesda bir oydan beri natija bo'lmaganidan so'ng guruh Angliyaga qaytishni tanladi. Ular ijaraga olishdi Clearwell qasri yilda Dekan o'rmoni. "Biz zindonlarda mashq qildik va u juda dahshatli edi, lekin u ba'zi bir atmosferaga ega edi, u narsalarni hayajonga soldi va narsalar yana chiqa boshladi."[54] Zindonda ishlayotganda, Iommi asosiy rifga qoqilib ketdi "Shabbat qonli shanba ", bu yangi material uchun ohangni o'rnatdi. Yozilgan Morgan studiyalari Londonda Mayk Butcher tomonidan va kiritilgan uslubiy o'zgarishlarga asoslanib 4-jild, yangi qo'shiqlar sintezatorlar, torlar va murakkab aranjirovkalarni o'z ichiga olgan. Ha klaviaturachi Rik Uakeman "sessiyasida qatnashuvchi sifatida olib kelinganSabbra Cadabra ".[55]
1973 yil noyabr oyida "Qora shanba" nashr etilganidan keyin asosiy matbuotda ijobiy sharhlarni qabul qila boshladi Shabbat qonli shanba, Gordon Fletcher bilan Rolling Stone albomni "g'ayrioddiy g'amgin ish" va "to'liq muvaffaqiyatdan kam emas" deb atash.[56] AllMusic-ning Eduardo Rivadavia kabi keyingi sharhlovchilari albomni "har qanday og'ir metal kollektsiyasi uchun zarur bo'lgan asar" deb atashadi va shu bilan birga "yangi nafislik va etuklik tuyg'usini" namoyish etadilar.[57] Albom guruhning AQShda ketma-ket beshinchi platina sotadigan albomi bo'ldi,[33] Birlashgan Qirollik jadvalida to'rtinchi raqamga, AQShda o'n birinchi raqamga erishish
Guruh 1974 yil yanvar oyida dunyo bo'ylab sayohatini boshladi, u yakunlandi Kaliforniya jami festival Ontario, Kaliforniya, 1974 yil 6 aprelda. 200 mingdan ziyod muxlisni jalb qilgan Black Sabbath 1970-yillarning mashhur rok va pop guruhlari qatorida paydo bo'ldi. Binafsha binafsha rang, Burgutlar, Emerson, Leyk va Palmer, Noyob Yer, Muhrlar va qo'l san'atlari, Black Oak Arkanzas va Yer, shamol va olov. Shou qismlari AQShning ABC televizion kanalida namoyish etilib, guruh Amerikaning keng auditoriyasiga namoyish etildi. O'sha yili guruh taniqli ingliz menejeri bilan shartnoma imzolab, boshqaruvni o'zgartirdi Don Arden. Ushbu harakat Black Sabbath-ning sobiq rahbariyati bilan shartnomaviy kelishmovchilikni keltirib chiqardi va AQShda sahnada bo'lganida, Osburnga chaqiruv varaqasi topshirildi, bu esa ikki yillik sud jarayoniga sabab bo'ldi.[53]
Black Sabbath o'zining oltinchi albomi ustida ishlashni 1975 yil fevralda, yana Angliyada boshladi Morgan studiyalari yilda Uilsden, bu safar ovozni farq qiladigan hal qiluvchi qarash bilan Shanba, qonli shanba. "Biz davom ettirishimiz va davom etishimiz mumkin edi, ko'proq texnikaga ega bo'lishimiz, orkestrlardan foydalanishimiz va boshqa istamagan narsalarimiz. Biz o'zimizga bir nazar tashladik va rok albom qilishni xohladik - Shanba, qonli shanba haqiqatan ham rok albom emas edi. "[58] Black Sabbath va Mayk Butcher tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan, Sabotaj 1975 yil iyulda chiqdi. Avvalgidek, albom dastlab yaxshi sharhlarni ko'rdi Rolling Stone bildirgan "Sabotaj bu nafaqat qora shanbaning eng yaxshi ko'rsatkichidir Paranoid, bu ularning eng yaxshisi bo'lishi mumkin ",[59] Garchi keyinchalik AllMusic kabi sharhlovchilar "bu kabi albomlarni yaratgan sehrli kimyo Paranoid va 4-jild shunchalik ajralish boshlangan edi ".[60]
Sabotaj AQShda ham, Buyuk Britaniyada ham eng yaxshi 20-ga erishdi, ammo guruhning AQShda Platinum maqomiga ega bo'lmagan birinchi chiqishi bo'ldi, faqat Oltin sertifikatiga ega bo'ldi.[33] Albomning yagona singlisi bo'lsa hamMen aqldan ozayapmanmi (Radio) "jadvalini tuzib bo'lmadi, Sabotaj "kabi muxlislar sevimlilariga egaOsmondagi teshik ", va"Olamning alomati ".[60] Qora shanba kuni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun ekskursiya qildi Sabotaj ochqichlar bilan Kiss, ammo 1975 yil noyabr oyida Osburnning orqa mushagi yorilib ketgan mototsikl avtohalokatidan so'ng turni qisqartirishga majbur bo'ldilar. 1975 yil dekabrda guruhning rekord kompaniyalari guruhning ishtirokisiz eng katta xitlar albomini chiqardi Biz o'z jonimizni rok-n-rolga sotdik. Albom 1976 yil davomida ro'yxatga olingan va oxir-oqibat AQShda ikki million nusxada sotilgan.[33]
Texnik ekstaz va Hech qachon o'l demang! (1976–1979)
Black Sabbath keyingi albomi uchun ish boshladi Mezon mezonlari 1976 yil iyun oyida Florida shtatidagi Mayami shahrida. Ularning ovozini kengaytirish uchun guruh klaviatura pleyerini qo'shdi Jerald Vudroff, u ham ozroq darajada paydo bo'lgan Sabotaj. Yozib olish paytida Texnik ekstaz, Osburn Qora shanbaga qiziqishni yo'qotganini va boshqa musiqachilar bilan ishlash imkoniyatlarini ko'rib chiqa boshlaganini tan oldi.[37] Yozib olish Texnik ekstaz qiyin edi; albom tugaguniga qadar Osburn Britaniyaning Stafford okrugiga boshpana bergan.[37] 1976 yil 25 sentyabrda turli xil sharhlarga chiqarildi va (birinchi marta) keyinchalik musiqa tanqidchilari albomga unchalik qulay bo'lmagan retrospektiv sharhlar berishdi; chiqarilgandan ikki o'n yil o'tgach, AllMusic albomga ikki yulduz berdi va guruh "juda katta tezlikda echilayotganini" ta'kidladi.[61] Albomda avvalgi sa'y-harakatlarning dahshatli, dahshatli ovozi kamroq bo'lgan va ko'proq sintezatorlar va uptempo rok qo'shiqlari kiritilgan. Texnik ekstaz Qo'shma Shtatlarning eng yaxshi 50 taligiga kira olmadi va platinaviy maqomga ega bo'lmagan guruhning ketma-ket ikkinchi chiqishi bo'ldi, garchi keyinchalik 1997 yilda oltin sertifikatiga ega bo'lsa ham.[33] Albomga "Nopok ayollar ", bu jonli shtapel bo'lib qolmoqda, shuningdek Uordning" Hammasi yaxshi "qo'shig'idagi birinchi bosh vokali.[61] Yordam uchun sayohat Texnik ekstaz 1976 yil noyabrda, ochuvchilar bilan boshlandi Boston va Ted Nugent AQShda va Evropada bilan yakunlandi AC / DC 1977 yil aprelda.[26]
1977 yil oxirida, navbatdagi albomi uchun mashq qilayotganda va guruh studiyaga kirishidan bir necha kun oldin Osburn guruhni to'satdan tark etdi. Iommi vokalistni chaqirdi Deyv Uoker, guruhning qadimgi do'sti, ilgari a'zo bo'lgan Flitvud Mac va Savoy Braun, va Osburn guruhni tark etganligi to'g'risida unga xabar berdi.[62] O'sha paytda "Mistress" deb nomlangan guruhning oldida bo'lgan Uoker 1977 yil oxirida Kaliforniyadan Birmingemga material yozish va Black Sabbath bilan mashq qilish uchun uchib ketgan.[62][63] 1978 yil 8-yanvarda Black Sabbath vokalda Uoker bilan yagona jonli ijroini namoyish qildi va "Televizorning BBC" dasturida "Junior's Eyes" qo'shig'ining dastlabki versiyasini ijro etdi.[62] Keyinchalik Uolker Birmingemda Osburnga pabda tushganini va Osburn Qora Shabbat kunini tark etishga to'liq sodiq emas degan xulosaga kelganini esladi.[62] "Oxirgi Shabbat albomlari men uchun juda tushkun edi", dedi Osburn. "Men buni ovoz yozish kompaniyasidan chiqishimiz mumkin bo'lgan narsa uchun qilardim, shunchaki pivoga yog 'olish va yozuvni qo'yish uchun."[64] Uolkerning aytishicha, u guruhdagi qisqa vaqt ichida juda ko'p qo'shiqlar yozgan, ammo ulardan hech biri ishlatilmagan. Agar guruhning ushbu versiyasida "Qarang! Eshiting!" Dan boshqa yozuvlar bo'lsa. kadrlar hanuzgacha mavjud, Uoker ulardan xabardor emasligini aytdi.[62]
Dastlab Osbourne "Dirty Tricks" ning sobiq a'zolari Jon Frazer-Binni, Terri Xorberi va Endi Bierne ishtirokidagi yakkaxon loyihani tuzishga kirishdi. 1978 yil yanvar oyida yangi guruh mashg'ulotlarda qatnashganligi sababli, Osburnda yuragi o'zgargan va "Qora shanba" ga qo'shilgan. "Biz studiyaga kirishimizdan uch kun oldin Ozi guruhga qaytishni xohladi", deb tushuntirdi Iommi. "U boshqa yigit (Uoker) bilan biz yozgan bironta ham qo'shiq aytmasdi, shuning uchun bu juda qiyin edi. Biz studiyaga asosan hech qanday qo'shiqsiz kirib bordik. Ertalab mashq qilishimiz uchun yozardik. va tunda yozib oling. Bu konveyer lentasi kabi juda qiyin edi, chunki narsalar haqida o'ylashga vaqt topolmadingiz. "Bu to'g'rimi? Bu to'g'ri ishlayaptimi?" Menga g'oyalarni taklif qilish va ularni tezda birlashtirish juda qiyin edi. "[64]
Guruh besh oy davomida Sounds Interchange Studios-da bo'lgan Toronto, Ontario, Kanada, nima bo'lishini yozish va yozish Hech qachon o'l demang!. "Bu juda uzoq davom etdi", dedi Iommi. "Biz haqiqatan ham giyohvandlikdan qutulgan edik, juda ko'p doping ishlatgan edik. Biz mashg'ulotlarga tushib, toshbo'ron qilganimiz uchun yig'ilishimiz kerak edi, biz to'xtashimiz kerak edi. Hech kim hech narsani to'g'ri qabul qila olmadi, biz hammamiz edik Bu erda hamma boshqacha o'ynamoqda, biz qaytib borib, uxlab qolardik va ertasi kuni yana urinib ko'rdik. "[64] Albom 1978 yil sentyabr oyida chiqarilgan bo'lib, Buyuk Britaniyada o'n ikki raqamni egallagan va US Press-da 69-raqam nojo'ya bo'lgan va vaqt o'tishi bilan AllMusic-dan Eduardo Rivadavia albomning "noaniq qo'shiqlar guruhning keskin muammolari va giyohvandlik aks etgan. "[65] Albomda singllar "Hech qachon o'ling demang "va"Qattiq yo'l "Ikkalasi ham Buyuk Britaniyadagi eng yaxshi 40-likni buzdi. Shuningdek, guruh BBC-da ikkinchi bor chiqish qildi Poplarning tepasi, "Never Die Die" ni ijro etish. Albomning AQShda Oltin sertifikatiga ega bo'lishiga 20 yil vaqt ketdi.[33]
Yordam uchun sayohat Hech qachon o'l demang! 1978 yil may oyida ochuvchilar bilan boshlandi Van Halen. Sharhlovchilar Black Sabbath-ning chiqishlarini "charchagan va ilhomlanmagan" deb atashdi, bu butun dunyo bo'ylab birinchi marta sayohat qilgan Van Halenning "yosh" chiqishidan keskin farq.[26] Guruh sahnada spektaklni suratga oldi Hammersmith Odeon 1978 yil iyun oyida, keyinchalik DVD sifatida chiqarildi Hech qachon o'ling demang. Ekskursiyaning yakuniy namoyishi va Osburnning guruh bilan so'nggi chiqishi (keyingi uchrashuvlarga qadar) Albukerke, Nyu-Meksiko 11 dekabrda.
Ekskursiyadan so'ng Black Sabbath Los-Anjelesga qaytib keldi va yana Bel Air-da uy ijaraga oldi, u erda ular bir yilga yaqin keyingi albom uchun yangi materiallar ustida ishlashdi. Butun guruh alkogol va boshqa giyohvand moddalarni suiiste'mol qilar edi, ammo Iommining aytishicha, Osburn "umuman boshqacha darajada bo'lgan".[11] Guruh yangi qo'shiq g'oyalarini taklif qilar edi, ammo Osburnda unchalik qiziqish bo'lmadi va ularni kuylashdan bosh tortdi.[11] Yozuvlar yorlig'i bosimi va Osburnning ishi yo'qligidan ko'ngli qolgan Iommi 1979 yilda Osburnni ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi. Iommi mavjud bo'lgan yagona variant Osburnni ishdan bo'shatish yoki guruhni butunlay sindirish deb hisobladi.[11] "O'sha paytda Ozi tugadi", dedi Iommi. "Biz hammamiz juda ko'p giyohvand moddalar, juda ko'p koks, hamma narsa bilan shug'ullanardik va Ozi o'sha paytda juda mast edi. Biz mashq qilishimiz kerak edi va hech narsa sodir bo'lmayapti." Bugun takrorlanadimi? Yo'q , buni ertaga qilamiz. ' Haqiqatan shu qadar yomonlashdiki, biz hech narsa qilmadik.[66] Osburn bilan yaqin bo'lgan barabanchi Uord 1979 yil 27 aprelda qo'shiqchiga yangiliklarni etkazish uchun Toni tomonidan tanlangan.[37] "Umid qilamanki, men professional bo'lganman, aslida bunday bo'lmagan bo'lardim. Mast bo'lganimda dahshatli bo'laman, men dahshatli bo'laman", dedi Uord. "Spirtli ichimliklar, albatta, Qora shanba uchun eng zararli narsalardan biri edi. Biz bir-birimizni yo'q qilishimiz kerak edi. Guruh zaharli va juda zaharli edi."[67]
Jannat va do'zax va Mob qoidalari (1979–1982)
Sharon Arden (keyinchalik Sharon Osburn ), Black Sabbath menejerining qizi Don Arden, ilgari taklif qildi Kamalak vokalchi Ronni Jeyms Dio 1979 yilda Ozzy Osburn o'rnini egallash uchun. Don Arden shu paytgacha Osburnni guruhga qo'shilishga ishontirishga harakat qilar edi, chunki u asl tarkibni eng daromadli deb bilar edi.[11] Dio rasmiy ravishda iyun oyida qo'shildi va guruh o'zining navbatdagi albomini yozishni boshladi. Osburnning vokal uslubi bilan farqli o'laroq, Dio guruhga qo'shilishi bilan qora shanba kuni ovozi o'zgargan. "Ular umuman boshqacha edi", deb tushuntiradi Iommi. "Nafaqat ovozli, balki munosabat jihatidan ham dono. Ozi ajoyib shouman edi, lekin Dio kirib kelganida, u vokalga qadar boshqacha munosabat, boshqa ovoz va boshqa musiqiy yondashuv edi. Dio qo'shiq aytardi bo'ylab riff, Holbuki Ozi "Iron Man" dagi kabi rifga ergashar edi. Ronni kirib bizga yozish borasida yana bir burchakka ega bo'ldi. "[68]
Geezer Butler 1979 yil sentyabr oyida shaxsiy sabablarga ko'ra guruhni vaqtincha tark etdi. Dioning so'zlariga ko'ra, guruh dastlab yollagan Kreyg Gruber (Dio ilgari u bilan birga bo'lganida Elf ) yangi albomni yozishda yordam berish uchun bassda.[69] Tez orada Gruber o'rnini egalladi Geoff Nicholls ning Kvarts. Yangi tarkib qaytdi Mezon mezonlari noyabrda ishni yozishni boshladi, Butler 1980 yil yanvarida guruhga qaytdi va Nikolol klaviaturalarga o'tdi. Tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Martin Birch, Jannat va do'zax tanqidiy olqishlarga sazovor bo'lib, 1980 yil 25 aprelda chiqarildi. AllMusic chiqarilgandan o'n yil o'tib, albom "Shanba kunining eng yaxshi yozuvlaridan biri edi, guruh yangitdan yangradi va qayta quvvatlandi" deb aytdi.[70] Jannat va do'zax Buyuk Britaniyada 9-raqamga, AQSh-da esa 28-o'ringa ko'tarildi, bu guruhning shundan beri eng yuqori charting albomi Sabotaj. Oxir-oqibat albom AQShda million nusxada sotildi,[33] va guruh jahon miqyosidagi katta sayohatni boshladi va Dio bilan Germaniyada birinchi jonli chiqishlarini 1980 yil 17 aprelda qildi.
Black Sabbath 1980 yil davomida AQSh bo'ylab sayohat qildi Moviy Öyster kulti "Qora va Moviy" turda, namoyish bilan Nassau Kolizey yilda Uniondale, Nyu-York 1981 yilda suratga olingan va teatr sifatida chiqarilgan Qora va ko'k.[71] 1980 yil 26-iyulda guruh 75000 muxlislari orasida sotilib bitilgan joyda o'ynadi Los-Anjelesdagi yodgorlik kolliziyasi bilan Sayohat, Arzon hiyla va Molli Xetchet.[72][73] Ertasi kuni guruh 1980 yilda paydo bo'ldi Yashil kuni da Oklend Kolizey. Gastrolda bo'lganida, Black Sabbath-ning Angliyadagi sobiq yorlig'i etti yoshli spektakldan olingan jonli albomini chiqardi. Oxirida yashang guruhdan hech qanday kiritishsiz. Albom Britaniya xit-paradida beshinchi o'rinni egalladi va "Paranoid" ning yangitdan chiqarilishini singl sifatida ko'rdi, bu esa eng yaxshi 20 talikka kirdi.[29]
1980 yil 18-avgustda, namoyishidan keyin Minneapolis, Uord guruhni tark etdi. "Ozzisiz sahnaga chiqish menga chidab bo'lmas edi. Va men kuniga 24 soat ichdim, alkogolizm tezlashdi". Geezer Butler, Uordning yakuniy shousidan so'ng, barabanchi "U marslik ham bo'lishi mumkin" deb mast holda kelganini aytdi. Keyin Uord g'azablanib, narsalarini yig'di va ketish uchun avtobusga chiqdi. Vardning to'satdan ketishi ortidan guruh davulchi yolladi Vinni Appice.[74] 1980 yil 9-oktabr kuni bo'lib o'tgan konsert paytida guruh uchun ko'proq muammolar paydo bo'ldi Miluoki Arena, bu g'alayonga aylanib, arenaga 10000 dollar miqdorida zarar etkazgan va 160 nafar hibsga olingan. Assoshieyted Pressning yozishicha, "asosan o'spirin erkaklardan iborat olomon birinchi navbatda sahnaga chiqdi Moviy istiridye kulti "So'ngra Qora Shabbat kuni o'ynashni boshlashini kutib, bezovta bo'la boshladilar. Tomoshabinlar a'zosi basist Butlerni urib yuborgan pivo shishasini uloqtirdi va shouni samarali tugatdi." Keyin guruh to'satdan o'z faoliyatini to'xtatib qo'ydi va olomon bo'lib keta boshladi. tartibsizlik.[75]
Guruh Jannat va do'zax 1981 yil fevral oyida dunyo bo'ylab gastrol safari o'tkazildi va keyingi albomi ustida ishlashni boshlash uchun studiyaga qaytib keldi.[76] Black Sabbath tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan ikkinchi studiya albomi Martin Birch va Ronni Jeyms Dio vokalist sifatida ishtirok etdi Mob qoidalari 1981 yil oktyabr oyida chiqdi, muxlislar tomonidan yaxshi kutib olindi, ammo tanqidchilar kamroq. Rolling Stone sharhlovchi J. D. Considine albomga bitta yulduz berdi "Mob qoidalari guruhni har doimgidek zerikarli va meteorizm deb topadi ".[77] Guruhning avvalgi ishlarining aksariyati singari, vaqt ham musiqa matbuotining fikrlarini yaxshilashga yordam berdi, chiqqandan o'n yil o'tib, AllMusic-dan Eduardo Rivadavia Mob qoidalari "ajoyib yozuv".[78] Albom oltin bilan tasdiqlangan,[33] va Buyuk Britaniya chartlarida birinchi 20-ga kirdi. Albomning sarlavhasi "Mob qoidalari "da qayd etilgan Jon Lennon Angliyadagi eski uy,[76] 1981 yilgi animatsion filmda ham namoyish etilgan Og'ir metall, garchi film versiyasi muqobil tanlov bo'lsa va albom versiyasidan farq qiladi.[76]
1980-yillarning sifatidan norozi Oxirida yashang, guruh yana bir jonli albomni yozdi - nomli Yomonlikni yashang - davomida Mob qoidalari Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari bo'ylab sayohat Dallas, San-Antonio va Sietl, 1982 yilda.[79] Albomni aralashtirish jarayonida Iommi va Butler Dio bilan janjallashishdi. Iommi va Butler o'zlarining o'sha paytdagi aralashtirish muhandisi tomonidan noto'g'ri ma'lumotga ega bo'lib, Dioni vokallarini balandlatish uchun kechasi studiyada yashirincha yurganlikda ayblashdi.[80] Bundan tashqari, Dio o'zining badiiy asarlardagi rasmlaridan qoniqmadi.[81] Shuningdek, Butler Dio va Appitsni Black Sabbath-ning boshqa a'zolariga aytmasdan albomni aralashtirish paytida yakkaxon albom ustida ishlashda aybladi.[82] "Ronni narsalar haqida ko'proq gapirishni xohladi", dedi Iommi. "Va Geezer undan xafa bo'lar edi va bu erda chirigan joy boshlandi. Yomonlikni yashang hammasi qulab tushganda. Ronni o'z ishidan ko'proq narsani qilishni xohlar edi va biz o'sha paytda studiyada foydalangan muhandis nima qilishni bilmas edi, chunki Ronni unga bir narsani, biz esa boshqasini aytayotgan edik. Kun oxirida biz shunchaki: "Mana, guruh tugadi", dedik ".[83] "Vokal vaqti kelganida, hech kim menga nima qilishimni aytmaydi. Hech kim! Chunki ular men kabi yaxshi emas, shuning uchun men xohlagan narsani qilaman", dedi Dio keyinchalik. "Men tinglashdan bosh tortaman Yomonlikni yashang, chunki muammolar juda ko'p. Agar siz kreditlarni ko'rib chiqsangiz, vokal va davullar bir chetga surilgan. Albomni oching va Toni rasmlari qanchaligini ko'ring, men va Vinni qancha ".[84]
Ronni Jeyms Dio "Qora shanba" ni 1982 yil noyabr oyida tark etish uchun tark etdi o'z guruhi Va o'zi bilan barabanchi Vinni Appitsni olib ketdi. Yomonlikni yashang 1983 yil yanvar oyida chiqarilgan, ammo Ozi Osburnning platina sotadigan albomi tomonidan soya solingan Iblis haqida gapiring.[33]
Qayta tug'ilgan (1983–1984)
Qolgan asl a'zolar Iommi va Butler guruhning navbatdagi chiqishi uchun qo'shiqchilarni sinovdan o'tkazishni boshladilar. Binafsha binafsha rang va Oq ilon "s Devid Koverdeyl, Shimsho'n "s Nikki Mur va Yolg'iz yulduz "s Jon Sloman Hammasi ko'rib chiqilgan va Iommi o'zining tarjimai holida shunday ta'kidlagan Maykl Bolton tanlangan.[85][86] Guruh sobiq Deep Purple vokalistiga joylashdi Yan Gillan 1982 yil dekabrida Dio o'rnini egallaydi.[63][87] Dastlab loyihani "Qora shanba" deb nomlash kerak emas edi, ammo yozuvlar bosimi guruhni o'z nomini saqlab qolishga majbur qildi.[87] Guruh kirib keldi Manor studiyasi yilda Shipton-on-Chervel, Oksfordshir, 1983 yil iyun oyida qaytib kelgan va yangi hushyor bilan Bill Uord barabanlarda.[87] "Bu men hech qachon toza va hushyor bo'lgan birinchi albom edi", deb esladi Uord. "Men faqat mast bo'ldim keyin Men o'zimning barcha ishimni albomda tugatdim - bu unchalik yaxshi fikr emas edi ... Mening kuchimning oltmishdan etmish foizigacha kunni ichimlik ichmasdan qanday qilib o'tishni o'rganishga va ishsiz qanday ishlashni o'rganishga sarfladim. ichgan va mening o'ttiz foizim albomda qatnashgan. "[88]
Qayta tug'ilgan (1983 yil 7-avgust) tanqidchilar tomonidan chiqarilgandan keyin panada qoldirilgan. Ushbu salbiy qabulga qaramay, u Buyuk Britaniyada to'rtinchi raqamga, AQShda esa 39-raqamga erishdi.[29] AllMusic-dan Eduardo Rivadavia chiqqanidan uch o'n yil o'tib ham albomni "qo'rqinchli" deb atab, "Gillanning bluesy uslubi va kulgili lirikasi qiyomat va xiralik lordlariga mutlaqo mos kelmasligini" ta'kidladi.[89]
Yo'l bosimi tufayli ekskursiya qila olmagan Uord guruhni tark etdi. "Men gastrol safari g'oyasi bilan yiqildim", deb keyinroq tushuntirdi u. "Men gastrol safarlarida juda ko'p qo'rquvni boshdan kechirdim, qo'rquv haqida gapirmadim, aksincha qo'rquv orqasida ichdim va bu katta xato edi."[90] Uning o'rnini sobiq egalladi Elektr nurlari orkestri barabanchi Bev Bevan uchun Qayta tug'ilgan '83 - 84 yillardagi dunyo safari,[87] (ko'pincha norasmiy ravishda "Feighn Death Shabbath" 83 -'84 'World Tour deb nomlanadi) Evropada boshlangan Olmos boshi va keyinchalik AQShda Jim tinchlik va Tungi qo'riqchi. Guruh 1983 yil sarlavhasini oldi Kitobxonlik festivali Angliyada, Deep Purple's qo'shib "Suv ustida tutun "ularning atrofiga.[91]
The safari Qayta tug'ilgan ning ulkan to'plamini o'z ichiga olgan Stonehenge yodgorlik. Keyinchalik, maketda parodiya qilingan Bu o'murtqa teginish, guruh belgilangan qismga buyurtma berishda xatoga yo'l qo'ydi. Butler tushuntirdi:
Bizda Sharon Osburnning otasi bor edi, Don Arden, bizni boshqarish. U sahnani Stonehenge bo'lish fikri bilan chiqdi. U o'lchamlarini yozib, bizning tur menejerimizga berdi. U buni metrga yozib qo'ydi, lekin oyoq bilan yozmoqchi edi. Uni yasagan odamlar o'n besh metr o'rniga o'n besh metrni ko'rishdi. Uning balandligi 45 fut edi va u hech qanday sahnaga sig'mas edi, shuning uchun uni saqlash joyida qoldirishimiz kerak edi. It cost a fortune to make but there was not a building on earth that you could fit it into.[92]
Tanaffus va Ettinchi yulduz (1984–1986)
Tugatgandan so'ng Qayta tug'ilgan ekskursiya in March 1984, vocalist Ian Gillan left Black Sabbath to re-join Deep Purple, which was reforming after a long hiatus. Bevan left at the same time, and Gillan remarked that he and Bevan were made to feel like "hired help" by Iommi. The band then recruited an unknown Los Angeles vocalist named Devid Donato and Ward once again rejoined the band. The new line-up wrote and rehearsed throughout 1984, and eventually recorded a demo with producer Bob Ezrin oktyabrda. Unhappy with the results, the band parted ways with Donato shortly after.[63] Disillusioned with the band's revolving line-up, Ward left shortly after stating "This isn't Black Sabbath". Butler would quit Sabbath next in November 1984 to form a solo band. "When Ian Gillan took over that was the end of it for me," he said. "I thought it was just a joke and I just totally left. When we got together with Gillan it was not supposed to be a Black Sabbath album. After we had done the album we gave it to Warner Bros. and they said they were going to put it out as a Black Sabbath album and we didn't have a leg to stand on. I got really disillusioned with it and Gillan was really pissed off about it. That lasted one album and one tour and then that was it."[92]
Following both Ward's and Butler's exits, sole remaining original member Iommi put Sabbath on hiatus, and began work on a solo album with long-time Sabbath keyboardist Geoff Nicholls. While working on new material, the original Sabbath line-up agreed to a spot at Bob Geldof "s Jonli yordam da ijro etish Filadelfiya show on 13 July 1985.[26][87] This event – which also featured reunions of JSST va Led Zeppelin – marked the first time the original line-up had appeared on stage since 1978.[93] "We were all drunk when we did Live Aid," recalled Geezer Butler, "but we'd all got drunk separately."[94]
Returning to his solo work, Iommi enlisted bassist Deyv Spits (sobiqKatta oq ) barabanchi Erik Singer and initially intended to use multiple singers, including Rob Xelford ning Yahudo ruhoniysi, former Deep Purple and Trapez vokalchi Glenn Xyuz, and former Sabbath vocalist Ronnie James Dio. This plan didn't work as he forecasted.[87] "We were going to use different vocalists on the album, guest vocalists, but it was so difficult getting it together and getting releases from their record companies. Glenn Hughes came along to sing on one track and we decided to use him on the whole album."[95]
The band spent the remainder of the year in the studio, recording what would become Ettinchi yulduz (1986). Warner Bros. refused to release the album as a Tony Iommi solo release, instead insisting on using the name Black Sabbath.[96] Pressured by the band's manager, Don Arden, the two compromised and released the album as "Black Sabbath featuring Tony Iommi" in January 1986.[97] "It opened up a whole can of worms," Iommi explained. "If we could have done it as a solo album, it would have been accepted a lot more."[98] Ettinchi yulduz sounded little like a Sabbath album, incorporating instead elements popularised by the 1980s Quyosh botishi sohili hard rock scene. It was panned by the critics of the era, although later reviewers such as AllMusic gave album verdicts, calling the album "often misunderstood and underrated".[96]
The new line-up rehearsed for six weeks preparing for a full world tour, although the band were eventually forced to use the Sabbath name. "I was into the 'Tony Iommi project', but I wasn't into the Black Sabbath moniker," Hughes said. "The idea of being in Black Sabbath didn't appeal to me nima bo'lsa ham. Glenn Hughes singing in Black Sabbath is like Jeyms Braun qo'shiq aytish Metallika. It wasn't gonna work."[95][99] Just four days before the start of the tour, Hughes got into a bar fight with the band's production manager John Downing which splintered the singer's orbital suyak. The injury interfered with Hughes' ability to sing, and the band brought in vocalist Rey Gillen to continue the tour with W.A.S.P. va Kuydirgi, although nearly half of the U.S. dates would be cancelled because of poor ticket sales.[100]
One vocalist whose status is disputed, both inside and outside Sabbath, is Christian evangelist and former Joshua frontman Jeff Fenholt. Fenholt insists he was a singer in Sabbath between January and May 1985.[26] Iommi has never confirmed this. Fenholt gives a detailed account in Garry Sharpe-Young's book Sabbath Bloody Sabbath: The Battle for Black Sabbath.[101][sahifa kerak ]
Abadiy but, Boshsiz xoch va Tyr (1986–1990)
Black Sabbath began work on new material in October 1986 at Air Studios yilda Montserrat ishlab chiqaruvchi bilan Jeff Glixman. The recording was fraught with problems from the beginning, as Glixman left after the initial sessions to be replaced by producer Vic Coppersmith-Heaven. Bassist Dave Spitz quit over "personal issues", and former Kamalak va Ozzy Osbourne baschi Bob Deyli was brought in. Daisley re-recorded all of the bass tracks, and wrote the album's lyrics, but before the album was complete, he left to join Gari Mur 's backing band, taking drummer Erik Singer u bilan.[63] After problems with second producer Coppersmith-Heaven, the band returned to Morgan studiyalari in England in January 1987 to work with new producer Kris Tsangarides. While working in the United Kingdom, new vocalist Ray Gillen abruptly left Black Sabbath to form Moviy qotillik gitara chaluvchisi bilan Jon Sykes (sobiqPan Tanning Tygers, Yupqa Lizzy, Oq ilon ). The band enlisted heavy metal vocalist Toni Martin to re-record Gillen's tracks, and former Elektr nurlari orkestri barabanchi Bev Bevan to complete a few percussion overdubs.[26] Before the release of the new album Black Sabbath accepted an offer to play six shows at Sun City, South Africa during the apartheid era. The band drew criticism from activists and artists involved with Aparteidga qarshi birlashgan rassomlar, who had been boycotting South Africa since 1985.[102] Drummer Bev Bevan refused to play the shows, and was replaced by Terri Ximes, ilgari to'qnashuv.[26]
After nearly a year in production, Abadiy but was released on 8 December 1987 and ignored by contemporary reviewers. On-line internet era reviews were mixed. AllMusic said that "Martin's powerful voice added new fire" to the band, and the album contained "some of Iommi's heaviest riffs in years."[103] Blender gave the album two stars, claiming the album was "Black Sabbath in name only".[104] The album would stall at No. 66 in the United Kingdom, while peaking at 168 in the U.S.[29] Guruh qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun gastrol safariga chiqdi Eternal Idol in Germany, Italy and for the first time, Greece. In part due to a backlash from promoters over the South Africa incident, other European shows were cancelled.[105] Bassist Dave Spitz left the band shortly before the tour, and was replaced by Jo Burt, ilgari Virjiniya bo'ri.
Following the poor commercial performance of Abadiy but, Black Sabbath were dropped by both Vertigo Records and Warner Bros. Records, and signed with I.R.S. Yozuvlar.[26] The band took time off in 1988, returning in August to begin work on their next album. As a result of the recording troubles with Eternal Idol, Tony Iommi opted to produce the band's next album himself. "It was a completely new start", Iommi said. "I had to rethink the whole thing, and decided that we needed to build up some credibility again".[106] Iommi enlisted former Kamalak barabanchi Qulay Pauell, long-time keyboardist Nicholls and session bassist Lorens Kotl, and rented a "very cheap studio in England".[106]
Black Sabbath released Boshsiz xoch in April 1989, and it was also ignored by contemporary reviewers, although AllMusic contributor Eduardo Rivadavia gave the album four stars and called it "the finest non-Ozzy or Dio Black Sabbath album".[107] Anchored by the number 62 charting single "Headless Cross", the album reached number 31 on the UK charts, and number 115 in the U.S.[29] Qirolicha gitara chaluvchi Brayan May, a good friend of Iommi's, played a guest solo on the song "When Death Calls". Following the album's release the band added touring bassist Nil Myurrey, ilgari Kolizey II, Milliy sog'liqni saqlash, Oq ilon, Gari Mur 's backing band, and Vow Wow.[63]
Muvaffaqiyatsiz Boshsiz xoch U.S. tour began in May 1989 with openers Shohlik kel va Jim jahl, but because of poor ticket sales, the tour was cancelled after just eight shows.[26] The European leg of the tour began in September, where the band were enjoying chart success. After a string of Japanese shows the band embarked on a 23 date Russian tour with Qiz maktab. Black Sabbath was one of the first bands to tour Russia, after Mixail Gorbachyov opened the country to western acts for the first time in 1989.[105]
The band returned to the studio in February 1990 to record Tyr, the follow-up to Boshsiz xoch. While not technically a kontseptsiya albomi, some of the album's lyrical themes are loosely based on Norse mifologiyasi.[26] Tyr was released on 6 August 1990, reaching number 24 on the UK albums chart, but was the first Black Sabbath release not to break the Billboard 200 in the U.S.[29] The album would receive mixed internet-era reviews, with AllMusic noting that the band "mix myth with metal in a crushing display of musical synthesis",[108] esa Blender gave the album just one star, claiming that "Iommi continues to besmirch the Sabbath name with this unremarkable collection".[109] Guruh qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun gastrol safariga chiqdi Tyr bilan Circus of Power in Europe, but the final seven United Kingdom dates were cancelled because of poor ticket sales.[110] For the first time in their career, the band's touring cycle did not include U.S. dates.[111]
Dehumanizator (1990–1992)
While on his Bo'rilarni qulflang U.S. tour in August 1990, former Sabbath vocalist Ronnie James Dio was joined onstage at the Roy Uilkins auditoriyasi by Geezer Butler to perform "Neon Knights". Following the show, the two expressed interest in rejoining Sabbath. Butler convinced Iommi, who in turn broke up the current lineup, dismissing vocalist Tony Martin and bassist Neil Murray. "I do regret that in a lot of ways," Iommi said. "We were at a good point then. We decided to [reunite with Dio] and I don't even know why, really. There's the financial aspect, but that wasn't it. I seemed to think maybe we could recapture something we had."[106]
Dio and Butler joined Iommi and Qulay Pauell in autumn 1990 to begin the next Sabbath release. While rehearsing in November, Powell suffered a broken hip when his horse died and fell on the drummer's legs.[112] Unable to complete the album, Powell was replaced by former drummer Vinni Appice, reuniting the Mob qoidalari lineup, and the band entered the studio with producer Reinhold Mack. The year-long recording was plagued with problems, primarily stemming from writing tension between Iommi and Dio. Songs were rewritten multiple times.[113] "It was just hard work," Iommi said. "We took too long on it, that album cost us a million dollars, which is bloody ridiculous."[106] Dio recalled the album as difficult, but worth the effort: "It was something we had to really wring out of ourselves, but I think that's why it works. Sometimes you need that kind of tension, or else you end up making the Christmas album".[114]
Natijada Dehumanizator was released on 22 June 1992. In the U.S., the album was released on 30 June 1992 by Reprise Records, as Dio and his ismlar guruhi were still under contract to the label at the time. While the album received mixed reviews,[112][115], it was the band's biggest commercial success in a decade.[63] Anchored by the top 40 rock radio single "TV Crimes", the album peaked at number 44 on the Billboard 200.[29] The album also featured "Time Machine", a version of which had been recorded for the 1992 film Ueyn dunyosi. Additionally, the perception among fans of a return of some semblance of the "real" Sabbath provided the band with much needed momentum.
Sabbath began touring in support of Dehumanizator in July 1992 with Ahd, Dantsig, Prong va Chiqish. While on tour, former vocalist Ozzy Osbourne announced his first retirement, and invited Sabbath to open for his solo band at the final two shows of his No More Tours safari Kosta-Mesa, Kaliforniya. The band agreed, aside from Dio, who told Iommi, "I'm not doing that. I'm not supporting a clown."[11] Dio spoke of the situation years later:
I was told in the middle of the tour that we would be opening for Ozzy in Los Angeles. And I said, "No. Sorry, I have more pride than that." A lot of bad things were being said from camp to camp, and it created this horrible schism. So by [the band] agreeing to play the shows in L.A. with Ozzy, that, to me, spelled out reunion. And that obviously meant the doom of that particular project.[114]
Dio quit Sabbath following a show in Oklend, Kaliforniya on 13 November 1992, one night before the band were set to appear at Osbourne's retirement show. Judas Priest vocalist Rob Xelford stepped in at the last minute, performing two nights with the band.[116] Iommi and Butler joined Osbourne and former drummer Ward on stage for the first time since 1985's Jonli yordam concert, performing a brief set of Sabbath songs. This set the stage for a longer-term reunion of the original lineup, though that plan proved short-lived. "Ozzy, Geezer, Tony and Bill announced the reunion of Black Sabbath – again," remarked Dio. "And I thought that it was a great idea. But I guess Ozzy didn't think it was such a great idea… I'm never surprised when it comes to whatever happens with them. Never at all. They are very predictable. They don't talk."[117]
Xoch maqsadlari va Taqiqlangan (1993–1996)
Barabanchi Vinni Appice left the band following the reunion show to rejoin Ronnie James Dio's solo band, later appearing on Dio's G'alati magistral yo'llar va G'azablangan mashinalar. Iommi and Butler enlisted former Kamalak barabanchi Bobbi Rondinelli, and reinstated former vocalist Toni Martin. The band returned to the studio to work on new material, although the project was not originally intended to be released under the Black Sabbath name. As Geezer Butler explains:
It wasn't even supposed to be a Sabbath album; I wouldn't have even done it under the pretence of Sabbath. That was the time when the original band were talking about getting back together for a reunion tour. Tony and myself just went in with a couple of people, did an album just to have, while the reunion tour was (supposedly) going on. It was like an Iommi/Butler project album.[118]
Under pressure from their record label, the band released their seventeenth studio album, Xoch maqsadlari, on 8 February 1994, under the Black Sabbath name. Albom turli xil sharhlarni oldi Blender giving the album two stars, calling Soundgarden 1994 yilgi albom Superunknown "a far better Sabbath album than this by-the-numbers potboiler".[119] AllMusic's Bradley Torreano called Xoch maqsadlari "the first album since Qayta tug'ilgan that actually sounds like a real Sabbath record".[120] The album just missed the Top 40 in the UK reaching number 41, and also reached 122 on the Billboard 200 in the U.S. Xoch maqsadlari contained the song "Evil Eye", which was co-written by Van Halen gitara chaluvchi Eddi Van Xelen, although uncredited because of record label restrictions.[26] Touring in support of Xoch maqsadlari began in February with Morbid Anxel va Motörhead in the U.S. The band filmed a live performance at the Hammersmith Apollon on 13 April 1994, which was released on VHS accompanied by a CD, titled Xoch maqsadlari jonli. After the European tour with ibodathona va Godspeed in June 1994, drummer Bobby Rondinelli quit the band and was replaced by original Black Sabbath drummer Ward for five shows in South America.
Following the touring cycle for Xoch maqsadlari, bassist Geezer Butler quit the band for the second time. "I finally got totally disillusioned with the last Sabbath album, and I much preferred the stuff I was writing to the stuff Sabbath were doing".[118] Butler formed a solo project called GZR va ozod qilindi Plastic Planet in 1995. The album contained the song "Giving Up the Ghost", which was critical of Tony Iommi for carrying on with the Black Sabbath name, with the lyrics: You plagiarised and parodied / the magic of our meaning / a legend in your own mind / left all your friends behind / you can't admit that you're wrong / the spirit is dead and gone[121] ("I heard it's something about me..." said Iommi. "I had the album given to me a while back. I played it once, then somebody else had it, so I haven't really paid any attention to the lyrics... It's nice to see him doing his own thing – getting things off his chest. I don't want to get into a rift with Geezer. He's still a friend."[122]
Following Butler's departure, newly returned drummer Ward once again left the band. Iommi reinstated former members Neil Murray on bass and Cozy Powell on drums, effectively reuniting the 1990 Tyr line-up. Guruh ro'yxatga olindi Tananing soni gitara chaluvchi Erni S to produce the new album, which was recorded in London in autumn of 1994. The album featured a guest vocal on "Illusion of Power" by Body Count vocalist Muz-T.[123] Natijada Taqiqlangan was released on 8 June 1995, but failed to chart in the U.S.[124] The album was widely panned by critics; AllMusic's Bradley Torreano said "with boring songs, awful production, and uninspired performances, this is easily avoidable for all but the most enthusiastic fan";[125] esa Blender jurnal chaqirdi Taqiqlangan "an embarrassment... the band's worst album".[126]
Black Sabbath embarked on a world tour in July 1995 with openers Motörhead va Tiamat, but two months into the tour, drummer Cozy Powell left the band, citing health issues, and was replaced by former drummer Bobbi Rondinelli. "The members I had in the last lineup – Bobby Rondinelli, Neil Murray – they're great, great characters..." Iommi told Sabbath fanzine Janubiy xoch. "That, for me, was an ideal lineup. I wasn't sure vocally what we should do, but Neil Murray and Bobby Rondinelli I really got on well with."[122]
After completing Asian dates in December 1995, Tony Iommi put the band on hiatus, and began work on a solo album with former Black Sabbath vocalist Glenn Xyuz, and former Judas Priest drummer Deyv Golland. The album was not officially released following its completion, although a widely traded bootleg called Sakkizinchi yulduz surfaced soon after. The album was officially released in 2004 as 1996 yilgi DEP sessiyalari, with Holland's drums re-recorded by session drummer Jimmi Kopli.[127]
In 1997, Tony Iommi disbanded the current line-up to officially reunite with Ozzy Osbourne and the original Black Sabbath line-up. Vocalist Tony Martin claimed that an original line-up reunion had been in the works since the band's brief reunion at Ozzy Osbourne's 1992 Kosta-Mesa show, and that the band released subsequent albums to fulfill their record contract with I.R.S. Yozuvlar. Martin later recalled Taqiqlangan (1995) as a "filler album that got the band out of the label deal, rid of the singer, and into the reunion. However I wasn't privy to that information at the time".[128] I.R.S. Yozuvlar ozod qilingan kompilyatsiya albomi in 1996 to fulfill the band's contract, titled Shabbat toshlari qo'shiqlari namoyish etilgan Qayta tug'ilgan (1983) dan Taqiqlangan (1995).
Uchrashuv (1997–2006)
In the summer of 1997, Iommi, Butler and Osbourne reunited to coheadline the Ozzfest safari Osbourne's solo band. The line-up featured Osbourne's drummer Mayk Bordin filling in for Ward. "It started off with me going off to join Ozzy for a couple of numbers," explained Iommi, "and then it got into Sabbath doing a short set, involving Geezer. And then it grew as it went on… We were concerned in case Bill couldn't make it – couldn't do it – because it was a lot of dates, and important dates… The only rehearsal that we had to do was for the drummer. But I think if Bill had come in, it would have took a lot more time. We would have had to focus a lot more on him."[129]
In December 1997, the group was joined by Ward, marking the first reunion of the original quartet since Osbourne's 1992 "retirement show". This lineup recorded two shows at the Birmingem NEC, released as the double album Uchrashuv on 20 October 1998. The album reached number eleven on the Billboard 200,[29] went platinum in the U.S.[33] va singlni tug'dirdi "Temir odam ", which won Sabbath their first Grammy mukofoti 2000 yilda Eng yaxshi metall ishlashi, 30 years after the song was originally released. Uchrashuv featured two new studio tracks, "Psixo odam " and "Selling My Soul", both of which cracked the top 20 of the Billboard Mainstream rock treklari jadval.[29]
Shortly before a European tour in the summer of 1998, Ward suffered a heart attack and was temporarily replaced by former drummer Vinni Appice.[130] Ward returned for a U.S. tour with openers Pantera, which began in January 1999 and continued through the summer, headlining the annual Ozzfest tour.[63] Following these appearances, the band was put on hiatus while members worked on solo material. Iommi released his first official solo album, Iommi, in 2000, while Osbourne continued work on Bosiq (2001).
Sabbath returned to the studio to work on new material with all four original members and producer Rik Rubin in the spring of 2001,[63] but the sessions were halted when Osbourne was called away to finish tracks for his solo album in the summer.[131] "It just came to an end…" Iommi said. "It's a shame because [the songs] were really yaxshi".[132] Iommi commented on the difficulty getting all the members together to work:
It's quite different recording now. We've all done so much in between. In [the early] days there was no mobile phone ringing every five seconds. When we first started, we had nothing. We all worked for the same thing. Now everybody has done so many other things. It's great fun and we all have a good chat, but it's just different, trying to put an album together.[132]
2002 yil mart oyida Osburn Emmi -winning reality show Osburnlar debyut kuni MTV, and quickly became a worldwide hit.[63] The show introduced Osbourne to a broader audience and to capitalise, the band's back catalogue label, Sanctuary Records released a double live album O'tgan hayot (2002), which featured concert material recorded in the 1970s, including the Oxirida yashang (1980) albomi. The band remained on hiatus until the summer of 2004 when they returned to headline Ozzfest 2004 and 2005. In November 2005, Black Sabbath were inducted into the Buyuk Britaniya musiqiy shon-sharaf zali,[133] and in March 2006, after eleven years of eligibility—Osbourne famously refused the Hall's "meaningless" initial nomination in 1999[134]—the band were inducted into the U.S. Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali.[135] At the awards ceremony Metallika played two Sabbath songs, "Osmondagi teshik "va"Temir odam " in tribute.[136]
Dio yillari and Heaven & Hell (2006–2010)
While Ozzy Osbourne was working on yangi yakkaxon albom material in 2006, Rhino Records ozod qilindi Qora shanba: Dio yillari, a compilation of songs culled from the four Black Sabbath releases featuring Ronnie James Dio. For the release, Iommi, Butler, Dio, and Appice reunited to write and record three new songs as Black Sabbath. Dio yillari was released on 3 April 2007, reaching number 54 on the Billboard 200, while the single "The Devil Cried" reached number 37 on the Asosiy tosh treklari jadval.[29] Pleased with the results, Iommi and Dio decided to reunite the Dio era line-up for a dunyo bo'ylab sayohat. While the line-up of Osbourne, Butler, Iommi, and Ward was still officially called Black Sabbath, the new line-up opted to call themselves Heaven & Hell, after the album of the same title, to avoid confusion. When asked about the name of the group, Iommi stated "it really is Black Sabbath, whatever we do... so everyone knows what they're getting [and] so people won't expect to hear 'Iron Man' and all those songs. We've done them for so many years, it's nice to do just all the stuff we did with Ronnie again."[10]Ward was initially set to participate, but dropped out before the tour began due to musical differences with "a couple of the band members".[137] He was replaced by former drummer Vinni Appice, effectively reuniting the line-up that had featured on the Mob qoidalari (1981) va Dehumanizator (1992) albomlari.
Heaven & Hell toured the U.S. with openers Megadet va Mashina boshi, and recorded a live album and DVD in New York on 30 March 2007, titled Radio City Music Hall-dan jonli efirda. In November 2007, Dio confirmed that the band had plans to record a new studio album, which was recorded in the following year.[138] In April 2008 the band announced the upcoming release of a new box set and their participation in the Metall ustalari safari, yonida Yahudo ruhoniysi, Motörhead va Ahd.[139] The box set, Jahannam qoidalari, featuring remastered versions of all the Dio fronted Black Sabbath albums, was supported by the Metal Masters Tour. In 2009, the band announced the title of their debut studio album, Siz bilgan shayton, released on 28 April.[140]
On 26 May 2009, Osbourne filed suit in a federal court in New York against Iommi alleging that he illegally claimed the band name. Iommi noted that he has been the only constant band member for its full 41-year career and that his bandmates relinquished their rights to the name in the 1980s, therefore claiming more rights to the name of the band. Although in the suit, Osbourne was seeking 50% ownership of the trademark, he said that he hoped the proceedings would lead to equal ownership among the four original members.[141]
In March 2010, Black Sabbath announced that along with Metallika they would be releasing a limited edition single together to celebrate Yozuvlar do'koni kuni. It was released on 17 April 2010.[142] Ronnie James Dio died on 16 May 2010 from stomach cancer.[143] In June 2010, the legal battle between Ozzy Osbourne and Tony Iommi over the trademarking of the Black Sabbath name ended, but the terms of the settlement have not been disclosed.[144]
Reunion and 13 (2010–2014)
In a January 2010 interview while promoting his biography I Am Ozzy, Osbourne stated that although he would not rule it out, he was doubtful there would be a reunion with all four original members of the band. Osbourne stated: "I'm not gonna say I've written it out forever, but right now I don't think there's any chance. But who knows what the future holds for me? If it's my destiny, fine."[145] In July, Butler said that there would be no reunion in 2011, as Osbourne was already committed to touring with his solo band.[146] However, by that August they had already met up to rehearse together, and continued to do so through the autumn.[147]
On 11 November 2011, Iommi, Butler, Osbourne, and Ward announced that they were reuniting to record a new album with a full tour in support beginning in 2012.[148] Guitarist Iommi was diagnosed with limfoma on 9 January 2012, which forced the band to cancel all but two shows (Festivalni yuklab olish va Lollapalooza festivali ) of a previously booked European tour.[149][150] It was later announced that an intimate show would be played in their hometown Birmingem. It was the first concert since the reunion and the only indoors concerts that year.[151] In February 2012, drummer Ward announced that he would not participate further in the band's reunion until he was offered a "signable contract".[152]
On 21 May 2012, at the O2 akademiyasi in Birmingham, Black Sabbath played their first concert since 2005, with Tommy Clufetos baraban chalish.[153] In June, they performed at Festivalni yuklab olish da Donington bog'i yilda Lestershir, England, followed by the last concert of the short tour at Lollapalooza festivali Chikagoda.[154][155] Later that month, the band started recording an album.[156]
On 13 January 2013, the band announced that the album would be released in June under the title 13. Bred Uilk ning Mashinaga qarshi g'azab was chosen as the drummer, and Rik Rubin was chosen as the producer.[157] Aralash of the album commenced in February.[158] On 12 April 2013, the band released the album's track listing. The standard version of the album features eight new tracks, and the deluxe version features three bonus tracks.[159]
Guruhning birinchi singli 13, "Xudo o'likmi? ", was released on 19 April 2013.[160] On 20 April 2013, Black Sabbath commenced their first Australia/New Zealand tour in 40 years followed by a North American Tour in Summer 2013.[161][162] The second single of the album, "End of the Beginning", debuted on 15 May in a CSI: Jinoyatchilik voqealarini tekshirish episode, where all three members appeared.[163] 2013 yil iyun oyida, 13 ikkalasini ham engib o'tdi Buyuk Britaniya albomlari jadvali va AQSh Billboard 200, becoming their first album to reach number one on the latter chart.[164][165] In 2014, Black Sabbath received their first Grammy mukofoti since 2000 with "God Is Dead?" g'alaba qozonish Eng yaxshi metall ishlashi.[166]
In July 2013, Black Sabbath embarked on a North American Tour (for the first time since July 2001), followed by a Latin American tour in October 2013. In November 2013, the band started their European tour which lasted until December 2013.[167] In March and April 2014, they made 12 stops in North America (mostly in Canada) as the second leg of their North American Tour before embarking in June 2014 on the second leg of their European tour, which ended with a concert at London's Hyde Park.[168]
Cancelled twentieth album, Nihoya and disbandment (2014–2017)
On 29 September 2014, Osbourne told Metall bolg'a that Black Sabbath would begin work on their twentieth studio album in early 2015 with producer Rik Rubin, followed by a final tour in 2016.[169][170] In an April 2015 interview, however, Osbourne said that these plans "could change", and added, "We all live in different countries and some of them want to work and some of them don't want to, I believe. But we are going to do another tour together."[170]
On 3 September 2015, it was announced that Black Sabbath would embark on their final tour, titled Nihoya, from January 2016 to February 2017.[171][172] Numerous dates and locations across the U.S., Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand were announced.[171][173] The final shows of The End tour took place at the Genting Arena in their home city of Birmingem, England on 2 and 4 February 2017.[174][175] On 26 October 2015, it was announced the band consisting of Osbourne, Iommi and Butler would be returning to the Festivalni yuklab olish 2016 yil 11-iyun kuni.[176][177] Despite earlier reports that they would enter the studio before their farewell tour, Osbourne stated that there would not be another Black Sabbath studio album.[178] However, an 8-track CD entitled Nihoya was sold at dates on the tour. Along with some live recordings, the CD includes four unused tracks from the 13 sessiyalar.[179]
On 4 March 2016, Iommi discussed future re-releases of the Toni Martin -era catalogue. He explained: "We've held back on the reissues of those albums because of the current Sabbath thing with Ozzy Osbourne, but they will certainly be happening... I'd like to do a couple of new tracks for those releases with Tony Martin... I'll also be looking at working on Xoch maqsadlari va Taqiqlangan."[180] Martin had suggested that this could coincide with the 30th anniversary of Abadiy but, 2017 yilda.[181] In an interview that August, Martin added "[Iommi] still has his cancer issues of course and that may well stop it all from happening but if he wants to do something I am ready."[182] On 10 August 2016, Iommi revealed that his cancer was in remission.[183]
Asked in November 2016 about his plans after Black Sabbath's final tour, Iommi replied, "I'll be doing some writing. Maybe I'll be doing something with the guys, maybe in the studio, but no touring."[184] The band played their final concert on 4 February 2017 in Birmingham. The final song was streamed live on the band's Facebook page and fireworks went off as the band took their final bow.[2] The band's final tour was not an easy one, as longstanding tensions between Osbourne and Iommi returned to the surface.[185] Iommi stated that he would not rule out the possibility of one-off shows, "I wouldn't write that off, if one day that came about. That's possible. Or even doing an album, 'cause then, again, you're in one place. But I don't know if that would happen."[186] In an April 2017 interview, Butler revealed that Black Sabbath considered making a blues album as the follow-up to 13, but added that, "the tour got in the way."[187]
On 7 March 2017, Black Sabbath announced their disbandment through posts made on their official social media accounts.[3][188][189][190]
Post-Black Sabbath activities (2018–present)
In a June 2018 interview with ITV yangiliklari, Osbourne expressed interest in reuniting with Black Sabbath for a performance at the 2022 Hamdo'stlik o'yinlari which is due to be held in their home city Birmingham.[191] Iommi said that performing at the event as Black Sabbath would be "a great thing to do to help represent Birmingham. I'm up for it. Let's see what happens."[192] He also did not rule out the possibility for the band to reform only for a one-off performance rather than a full-length tour.[193]
In September 2020, Osbourne stated in an interview that he was no longer interested in a reunion: "Not for me. It's done. The only thing I do regret is not doing the last farewell show in Birmingham with Bill Ward. I felt really bad about that. It would have been so nice. I don't know what the circumstances behind it were, but it would have been nice. I've talked to Tony a few times, but I don't have any of the slightest interest in doing another gig. Maybe Tony's getting bored now."[194][195] Butler also ruled out the possibility of any future Black Sabbath performances in an interview with Eonmusic on 10 November 2020, stating that the band is over: "There will definitely be no more Sabbath. It's done."[196][197]
On 30 September 2020, Black Sabbath announced a new Doktor Martens shoe collection. The partnership with the British footwear company celebrates the 50th anniversaries of the band's Qora shanba va Paranoid albums, with the boots depicting artwork from Black Sabbath's eponymous debut album.[198]
Musiqiy uslub
Black Sabbath were a og'ir metall band, whose music has also been described as psixedel toshi,[199] va kislotali tosh.[200] The band have also been cited as a key influence on genres including tosh,[200] grunge,[201] halokatli metall,[202] va loy metall.[203] Qora shanba kuni erta ta'sir ko'rsatdi Krem, Bitlz, Flitvud Mac, Jimi Xendrix, John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, Led Zeppelin va Jetro Tull.[204][205]
"Qora shanba" ko'plab tarkiblarni va uslubiy o'zgarishlarni boshdan kechirgan bo'lsa-da, ularning asosiy ovozi mash'um matnlar va halokatli musiqaga qaratilgan,[23] ko'pincha musiqiy musiqadan foydalanadi triton, shuningdek, "shaytonlar oralig'i" deb nomlangan.[22] Kabi ularning Ozzy davridagi albomlari Shabbat qonli shanba (1973) ning kompozitsion jihatlari bilan ozgina o'xshashligi bor edi progressiv tosh o'sha paytda mashhurligi oshib borayotgan janr,[206] 1970 yillarning boshlarida ommabop musiqa bilan mutlaqo zid bo'lgan "Qora shanba" ning qorong'u ovozi davrning rok tanqidchilari tomonidan rad etilgan.[63] Ularning ko'pchiligiga o'xshash og'ir metall zamondoshlari, guruh rok radiosida deyarli hech qanday efirga chiqmagan.[207]
Guruhning asosiy qo'shiq muallifi sifatida Toni Iommi "Black Sabbath" musiqasining aksariyat qismini yozgan, Osburn esa vokalli kuylarni, basist Geezer Butler esa so'zlarini yozgan. Jarayon ba'zida Iommi uchun asabiylashar edi, chunki u tez-tez yangi materialni taklif qilishda bosim o'tkazardi: "Agar men hech narsa o'ylamaganimda, hech kim hech narsa qilmas edi".[53] Iommi ta'sirida Osburn keyinchalik shunday dedi:
Black Sabbath hech qachon tuzilgan qo'shiq yozmagan. Jazz asariga kirib boradigan, keyin hamma xalqqa tegishli bo'lgan uzoq intro bo'ladi ... va u ishladi. Toni Iommi va men buni million marta aytganman - buyuklar bilan birga bo'lish kerak. U gitara olib, rifda o'ynashi mumkin, va siz: "U endi chiqib ketishi kerak, u buni bajara olmaydi", deysiz. Keyin qaytib kelasiz, men sizga milliard dollar garov qilaman, u sizning badbaxt paypog'ingizni yiqitadigan rif bilan chiqdi.[208]
Uchinchi albomidan boshlab, Haqiqat ustasi (1971), "Qora shanba" namoyishi boshlandi sozlangan gitara.[63] 1965 yilda, "Black Sabbath" ni tashkil etishdan oldin gitara chaluvchi Toni Iommi a metall lavha zavod, o'ng qo'lidagi ikki barmoq uchini yo'qotadi. Iommi deyarli musiqadan voz kechdi, lekin fabrika menejeri uni tinglashga undadi Django Reynxardt, a jazz olovda ikki barmog'idan foydalanishni yo'qotgan gitara chaluvchisi.[209] Reynxardtdan ilhomlangan Iommi yo'qolgan barmoq uchlarini yopish uchun plastik va charmdan ikkita balandlik yaratdi. Gitarachi torlarni mahkam ushlash uchun engilroq torlardan foydalanishni va gitarasini ajratib olishni boshladi protez. Iommi guruh tarixining boshida boshqalari bilan tajriba o'tkazgan sozlamalar tushib ketdi shu jumladan C♯ tuning yoki 3 semiton pastga, E ga joylashishdan oldin♭/ D.♯ sozlash yoki standart sozlamadan yarim qadam pastga tushish.[210]
Meros
Black Sabbath dunyo bo'ylab 70 milliondan ortiq yozuvlarni sotdi,[211] shu jumladan a RIAA - AQShda 15 million sertifikatlangan[33] Ular barcha zamonlarning eng nufuzli og'ir metallardan biri hisoblanadi. Guruh janrni yaratishga yordam berdi, masalan, birinchi darajali nashrlari bilan Paranoid (1970), bu albom Rolling Stone jurnal "musiqani abadiy o'zgartirdi",[212] va guruhni chaqirdi "Bitlz og'ir metall ".[213] Vaqt jurnal chaqirdi Paranoid "og'ir metallarning tug'ilgan joyi" bo'lib, uni hamma vaqtning eng yaxshi 100 albomiga kiritdi.[214]
MTV Qora Shabbat kunini o'zlarining eng yaxshi o'nta og'ir metalli bantlarida va birinchi o'rinda joylashtirdilar VH1 ularni Hard Rockning 100 eng buyuk rassomi ro'yxatida ikkinchi raqamga kiritdi.[215][216] VH1 Black Sabbath-ning "Iron Man" qo'shig'ini 40 ta eng yaxshi metall qo'shiqlari bo'yicha hisoblashda birinchi o'rinni egalladi.[217] Rolling Stone jurnali 85-guruhni "Barcha zamonlarning eng zo'r 100 rassomi" ro'yxatiga kiritdi.[213] AllMusic musiqachisi Uilyam Rulman shunday dedi:
Qora shanba og'ir metalli rok musiqasining rivojlanishida shu qadar ta'sirchan bo'lganki, uslubni belgilovchi kuchga aylandi. Guruh 60-yillarning oxiridagi blyuz-rok tovushini qabul qildi Krem, Moviy quvnoq va Vanilya Faj mantiqiy xulosasiga ko'ra, tempni sekinlashtiruvchi, bassga urg'u beradigan va ruhiy iztiroblar va makabra xayollarini ifoda etuvchi lirikaga to'la qichqirgan gitara yakkaxonlari va uvillagan vokallarni ta'kidlash. Agar ularning o'tmishdoshlari elektrlashtirilgan blyuz an'analaridan aniq chiqib ketishgan bo'lsa, "Qora shanba" bu an'anani yangi yo'nalishda olib bordi va shu bilan o'nlab yillar o'tib millionlab muxlislarni jalb qilishni davom ettiradigan musiqiy uslubni tug'dirdi.[63]
Ga binoan Rolling Stone"s Xolli Jorj-Uorren, "Qora shanba 1970-yillarning og'ir metallari qiroli edi".[218] Dastlab "rok tanqidchilari tomonidan xo'rlangan va radio dasturchilari e'tiborsiz qoldirgan" bo'lsa-da, guruh o'sha o'n yil oxiriga qadar 8 milliondan ortiq albomlarini sotdi.[218] "The og'ir metal guruh ... "Ronni Jeyms Dio hayratga tushdi." Shaharga kelgani uchun uzr so'ramagan guruh; shaharga kelganda shunchaki binolarga qadam bosdi. "[219]
Ta'sir va yangilik
Qora shanba ko'plab harakatlarga ta'sir qildi, shu jumladan Yahudo ruhoniysi,[220] Temir hizmatkor,[221] Qotil,[12] Metallika,[12] Nirvana,[222] Korn,[12] Mayhem,[12] Zahar,[12] Qurol va atirgullar,[220] Soundgarden,[223] Tananing soni,[224] Zanjirdagi Elis,[225] Kuydirgi,[226] Bezovta,[227] O'lim,[12] Opet,[228] Pantera,[12] Megadet,[229] Qovoqlarni maydalash,[230] Slipknot,[231] Foo Fighters,[232] Qo'rquv fabrikasi,[233] Shamlar,[234] Godsmack,[235] va Van Halen.[236] Ikkita oltin sotish hurmat albomlari ozod qilindi, Qora rangdagi tug'ilish 1 va 2-jildlartomonidan, shu jumladan Sepultura, Oq zombi, O salbiy yozing, Endi ishonch yo'q, Mashina boshi, Primus, System Of A Down "guruhi va Monster Magnet.[237]
Metallika "s Lars Ulrich, kim, sherigi bilan birga Jeyms Xetfild Qora shanba kuni Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali 2006 yilda "Qora shanba og'ir metal bilan sinonimga ega va har doim ham shunday bo'ladi", dedi[238] Xetfild "Shabbat meni shafqatsiz tovushlarni boshlashga majbur qildi va bu menga yopishib qoldi. Toni Iommi og'ir riff qiroli" dedi.[239] Qurol va atirgullar gitara chaluvchi Chiziq haqida Paranoid albom: "Bu yozuvlar haqida shunchaki bir narsa bor, agar siz bolaligingizda va sizga aylansangiz, bu butunlay boshqa dunyoga o'xshaydi. Bu sizning fikringizni boshqa o'lchovga ochadi ...Paranoid butun Shabbat tajribasi; Shabbat o'sha paytda nimani anglatishini juda ko'rsatib beradi. Toni o'yin uslubi - o'chirilganligi muhim emas Paranoid yoki u o'chirilgan bo'lsa Jannat va do'zax- bu juda ajralib turadi. "[239] Kuydirgi gitara chaluvchi Scott Ian "Men har doim qilgan har bir intervyusimda" Sizning beshta metall albomingiz qaysi? "degan savolga doimo duch kelaman. Men buni o'zimga osonlashtiraman va har doim birinchi beshta shanba albomini aytaman. "[239]
Xudoning Qo'zisi "s Kris Adler dedi: "Agar og'ir metal o'ynaydigan kimdir ularga Black Sabbath musiqasi ta'sir qilmagan deb aytsa, demak ular sizga yolg'on gapirishadi. Menimcha, og'ir metallarning barcha musiqalari qandaydir tarzda Qora Shabbatning qilgan ishlariga ta'sir qilgan. . "[240] Yahudo ruhoniysi vokalisti Rob Xelford izoh berdi: "Ular poydevorni tashkillashtiruvchi guruh edi va ... Siz birinchi Black Sabbath albomini qo'yishingiz mumkin va u bugungi kunda ham 30 yil oldin g'alati yangragan kabi yangraydi. Va buning sababi buyuk musiqa abadiy qobiliyatga ega: Men uchun , Shanba "Bitlz" yoki "Motsart" bilan bir xil ligada. Ular g'ayrioddiy narsalarning etakchisidir. "[241] Qora shanba kuni, Mashinaga qarshi g'azab gitara chaluvchi Tom Morello "Eng og'ir, qo'rqinchli, eng zo'r riflar va apokaliptik Ozzi nolasi tengdoshlarsiz. Sizlar Birmingem ko'chalari ishchilarining umidsizligi va tahlikasini ular har qanday tepki, yovuz yivdan kelganini eshitishingiz mumkin. Ularning kelib chiqishi hippi, gul-quvvat psixedeliya pulpa va barcha og'ir guruhlar uchun standartni o'rnatdi. "[241] Fil Anselmo ning Pantera va Pastga "Qora shanba kuni og'ir metal janriga olib kelgan narsani faqat ahmoq qoldiradi", deb ta'kidladi.[242]
Ga binoan Tracii qurollari ning L. qurollari va sobiq a'zosi Qurol va atirgullar, "ning asosiy rifiParadise City "tomonidan Qurol va atirgullar, dan Yo'q qilish uchun tuyadi (1987), "Zero the Hero" qo'shig'idan ta'sirlangan Qayta tug'ilgan albom.[243] King Diamond gitara chaluvchi Andy LaRocque "Uyqusiz tunlar" ning toza gitara qismi ekanligini tasdiqladi Fitna (1989) Toni Iommining o'ynashidan ilhomlangan Hech qachon o'l demang!.[244]
Ular og'ir metallarning kashshoflaridan tashqari, og'ir metallarning quyi janrlariga poydevor qo'yish uchun ham munosib bo'lishgan tosh,[245] loy metall,[246][247] trash metall,[248] qora metall va halokatli metall uchun ham muqobil tosh subgenre grunge.[249] Tanqidchining fikriga ko'ra Bob Gulla, guruhning ovozi "deyarli barcha grunge guruhlarida, shu jumladan Nirvana, Soundgarden va Zanjirdagi Elis ".[250]
Toni Iommi yengilroq gitara torlarining kashshofi sifatida tan olingan. Po'lat fabrikasida barmoqlarining uchlari kesilgan,[251] va baland tovushlarni (barmoqlarning sun'iy uchlari) ishlatayotganda u gitara standart torlarini bukish va o'ynash juda qiyin ekanligini aniqladi. U bitta o'lchamdagi torlarning mavjudligini aniqladi, shuning uchun ko'p yillar davomida shanba kuni u torlarni maxsus ravishda yasatdi.[252]
Qora shanba madaniy jihatdan televizorda ham, adabiyotda ham katta ta'sir o'tkazdi va ko'p hollarda og'ir metallarning sinonimiga aylandi. Filmda Deyarli mashhur, Lester portlashlari bosh qahramonga guruhni (uchastka nuqtasini) o'lmas chiziq bilan yopish vazifasini beradi: 'Qora shanba kuni menga 500 ta so'z bering'. Zamonaviy musiqa va san'at nashri Trebuchet jurnali barcha yangi yozuvchilardan yaxshi hujjatlashtirilgan mavzu bo'yicha o'zlarining ijodkorligi va ovozini isbotlash vositasi sifatida Qora shanba kuni qisqa (500 so'z) yozishni iltimos qilib, buni amalga oshirdi.[253]
Xodimlar
Asl va klassik tarkib
- Toni Iommi - gitara (1968–2006, 2011–2017)
- Bill Uord - davullar (1968–1980, 1983, 1984, 1994, 1997–2006, 2011–2012)
- Geezer Butler - bosh (1968–1979, 1980–1985, 1987, 1990–1994, 1997–2006, 2011–2017)
- Ozzy Osbourne - vokal, harmonika (1968–1977, 1978–1979, 1985, 1997–2006, 2011–2017)
Diskografiya
- Qora shanba (1970)
- Paranoid (1970)
- Haqiqat ustasi (1971)
- Vol. 4 (1972)
- Shabbat qonli shanba (1973)
- Sabotaj (1975)
- Texnik ekstaz (1976)
- Hech qachon o'l demang! (1978)
- Jannat va do'zax (1980)
- Mob qoidalari (1981)
- Qayta tug'ilgan (1983)
- Ettinchi yulduz (1986)
- Abadiy but (1987)
- Boshsiz xoch (1989)
- Tyr (1990)
- Dehumanizator (1992)
- Xoch maqsadlari (1994)
- Taqiqlangan (1995)
- 13 (2013)
Ekskursiyalar
- Polka Tulk Blues / Yerga sayohat 1968–1969
- Black Sabbath Tour 1970 yil
- Paranoid safari 1970–1971
- Haqiqat ustasi safari 1971–1972
- Vol. 4-tur 1972–1973-yillar
- Shabbat qonli shanba safari 1973–1974 yillar
- Sabotaj safari 1975–1976
- Texnik ekstazi safari 1976–1977
- Hech qachon o'l demang! Tur 1978
- Osmon va do'zaxga sayohat 1980–1981
- Mob Rules Tour 1981–1982
- Qaytadan tug'ilgan 1983
- Ettinchi yulduz tur 1986 yil
- Eternal Idol Tour 1987 yil
- Boshsiz xoch safari 1989 yil
- Tyr Tour 1990 yil
- Dehumanizer safari 1992 yil
- O'zaro faoliyat maqsadlari bo'yicha sayohat 1994 yil
- Taqiqlangan sayohat 1995 yil
- Ozzfest safari 1997 yil
- Evropa safari 1998 yil
- Reunion Tour 1998-1999
- Ozzfest Tour 1999 yil
- AQSh safari 1999 yil
- Evropa safari 1999 yil
- Ozzfest Tour 2001
- Ozzfest Tour 2004
- Evropa safari 2005
- Ozzfest Tour 2005
- Qora shanba uchrashuvi, 2012–2014[254]
- Oxirgi tur 2016–2017
Shuningdek qarang
Adabiyotlar
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Manbalar
- Barnet, Richard D.; Burriss, Larri L. (2001). Musiqa sanoatining ziddiyatlari. Pol D. Fischerning so'z boshi. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-31094-2.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Drewett, Maykl (2006). Afrikadagi mashhur musiqiy tsenzurasi. Ashgate nashriyoti. ISBN 978-0-7546-5291-5.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- McIver, Joel (2006). Shabbat qonli shanba. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-1-84449-982-3.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Iommi, Toni (2012). Temir odam: Mening jannat va do'zax orqali qora shanba bilan sayohatim. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306821455.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Koskoff, Ellen (2005). Qo'shma Shtatlardagi musiqiy madaniyatlar. Nyu-York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96589-7.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Lyuis, Jeyms R. (2001). Bugungi kunda satanizm: din, folklor va ommaviy madaniyat entsiklopediyasi. Santa Barbara, Kaliforniya: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-292-9.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Osburn, Ozzy; Ayres, Kris (2010). Men Ozzimman. Nyu-York: Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 978-0-446-56989-7.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Rozen, Stiven (1996). Qora shanba kuni haqida hikoya: tartibsizlik g'ildiraklari. Imorat aloqalari. ISBN 978-1-86074-149-4.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Sharpe-Young, Garri (2006). Shanba qonli shanba: Qora shanba uchun jang. Zonda kitoblari. ISBN 978-0-9582684-2-4.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Kuchli, Martin Charlz (2006). Essential Rock Discography. 1-jild (8-nashr). Nyu-York: Canongate. ISBN 978-1-84195-827-9.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Tompson, Deyv (2004). Suvdagi tutun: chuqur binafsha voqea. Toronto: ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-618-8.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
- Uilson, Deyv (2004). Rok shakllanishi: guruh nomlari qanday shakllanganligiga kategorik javoblar. San-Xose, Kaliforniya: Cidermill kitoblari. ISBN 978-0-9748483-5-8.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
Tashqi havolalar
- Rasmiy veb-sayt
- "Qora shanba". Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali.
- Jeyms Kristofer Mongerning "Black Sabbath" tarjimai holi, diskografiya va albom sharhlari, kreditlari va nashrlari da AllMusic
- Black Sabbath diskografiyasi, albom nashrlari va kreditlari da Discogs.com
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| Jonli albomlar | |
| To'plamlar | |
| Norasmiy albomlar | |
| Turmush qurmaganlar | |
| Boshqa qo'shiqlar | |
| Videolar | |
| Ekskursiyalar | |
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