Devid Kelli (qurol bo'yicha mutaxassis) - David Kelly (weapons expert)

Devid Kelli

CMG
Devid Kelli 2000s.jpg
Kelly o'limidan ikki kun oldin, 2003 yil 15 iyulda ommaviy tinglov paytida
Tug'ilgan
Devid Kristofer Kelli

(1944-05-14)1944 yil 14-may
Lwynypia, Glamorgan, Janubiy Uels
O'ldi2003 yil 17-iyul(2003-07-17) (59 yosh)
Oksfordshir, Angliya
O'lim sababiO'z joniga qasd qilish: chap bilakning kesilgan yaralaridan qon ketishi, bilan birgalikda ko-proksamol yutish va koronar arteriya ateroskleroz
Tana topildiHarrowdown Hill, Longvort, Oksfordshir
MillatiInglizlar
Olma mater
KasbMutaxassis biologik urush; BMTning qurol nazorati bo'yicha inspektori Iroqda
Ish beruvchiMudofaa vazirligi
Turmush o'rtoqlar
Janis Vodrey
​
(m. 1967)​

Devid Kristofer Kelli CMG (1944 yil 14-may - 2003 yil 17-iyul) uelslik olim va obro'li edi biologik urush (BW). 2003 yil iyul oyida u an yozuvdan tashqari bilan suhbat Endryu Gilligan, a BBC jurnalist; ularning munozarasi davomida ular 2002 yildagi hujjat Iroqda ommaviy qirg'in qurollari Iroqning ba'zi kimyoviy va biologik qurollari 45 daqiqada joylashtirilishi mumkinligi haqida bayonot berdi. Gilligan bu haqda xabar berganida BBC radiosi 4 "s Bugun dasturida u 45 daqiqalik da'vo talabiga binoan kiritilganligini aytdi Alastair Kempbell, Dauning Stritning aloqa bo'yicha direktori - bir narsa Kelli rad etdi. Hukumat Bi-bi-siga da'vo bo'yicha shikoyat qildi, ammo ular da'volardan voz kechishdan bosh tortdilar; Dauning Strit va Bi-bi-si o'rtasida siyosiy mojaro rivojlandi. Kelli MR-dagi menejerlariga u manba bo'lishi mumkinligi haqida xabar berdi, lekin Gilligan aytmagan fikrlari haqida xabar bergani uchun u o'zini o'zi deb o'ylamadi. Kellining ismi OAVga ma'lum bo'ldi va uni 15 iyul kuni parlament oldiga chaqirishdi Razvedka va xavfsizlik va Tashqi aloqalarni tanlang qo'mitalar. Ikki kundan keyin Kelli o'z uyi yonida o'lik holda topildi.

Mudofaa mikrobiologiya bo'limining sobiq rahbari Porton Down, Kelli 1990-yillarning boshlarida Rossiyadagi fuqarolik biotexnologiya inshootlarini tekshirgan va yashirin va noqonuniy BW dasturini olib borgan degan xulosaga kelgan AQSh-Buyuk Britaniya qo'shma guruhining bir qismi edi. U tayinlangan Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining maxsus komissiyasi (UNSCOM) 1991 yilda Iroqdagi qurol-yarog 'bo'yicha bosh inspektorlaridan biri sifatida va 1991 yil maydan 1998 yil dekabrgacha tashkilotning o'nta missiyasiga rahbarlik qilgan. Shuningdek, u UNSCOMning vorisi - Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Monitoring, tekshirish va tekshirish komissiyasi (UNMOVIC) va Iroqqa bir nechta missiyalarini olib borishdi. UNMOVIC bilan bo'lgan davrda u fosh etishda muhim rol o'ynagan kuydirgi da ishlab chiqarish dasturi Salman Pak muassasasi va BW dasturi ishlaydi Al Hakum.

2003 yilda Kellining o'z joniga qasd qilganidan keyin Toni Bler, Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri, sozlash hukumat so'rovi ostida Lord Xatton, avvalgi Lord Shimoliy Irlandiyaning bosh sudyasi. Tergov natijalariga ko'ra Kelli "chap bilagini kesib, o'z joniga qasd qildi va o'lim Koproksamol tabletkalarini qabul qilgani sababli tezlashdi".[1] Xatton, shuningdek, Kellining o'limida boshqa biron bir partiyaning aloqasi bo'lmaganligini ta'kidladi.

Bor edi davom etgan bahs Kelli vafot etganligi to'g'risida va ish 2010 yildan 2011 yilgacha qayta ko'rib chiqilgan Dominik qayg'u, Bosh prokuror; u Kellining o'z joniga qasd qilganligi to'g'risida "juda kuchli" dalillar bor degan xulosaga keldi.[2] The o'limdan keyin va toksikologiya hisobotlar 2010 yilda e'lon qilingan; ikkala hujjat Xutton so'rovining xulosasini qo'llab-quvvatladi. Kellining o'lim uslubi bir nechta hujjatli filmlarning mavzusi bo'lgan va televizorda, sahnada va bosma nashrlarda fantastika qilingan. U tayinlandi Sen-Maykl va Sen-Jorj ordenlarining hamrohi (CMG) 1994 yilda va Xuttonga ko'ra 2003 yil may oyida ritsarlik uchun ko'rib chiqilishi mumkin edi. Iroqdagi ishi unga nominatsiyani qo'lga kiritdi Tinchlik bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti.

Biografiya

Dastlabki hayoti, ta'limi va birinchi ish joylari: 1944–1984

Linacre kolleji, Oksford, u erda doktorlik dissertatsiyasida o'qigan Kelli mikrobiologiya

Devid Kristofer Kelli tug'ilgan Lwynypia, Glamorgan, Janubiy Uels, 1944 yil 14-mayda. Uning ota-onasi Tomas Jon Kelli va Margaret edi, nee Uilyams;[3] Tomas maktabda o'qituvchi bo'lib xizmat qilgan Qirollik havo kuchlarining ko'ngillilar zaxirasi davomida signallar xodimi sifatida Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[4] 1951 yilda Tomas va Margaret ajrashishdi va u kichkina o'g'lini olib, ota-onasiga ko'chib o'tdi Pontipridd. O'n bir yoshidan boshlab u mahalliy gimnaziya.[5] U maktabda juda yaxshi sportchi va musiqachi bo'lgan va kross bo'yicha yoshlar jamoasida Uels vakili bo'lgan; u o'ynadi kontrabas ichida Uels milliy yoshlar orkestri va o'ynadi saksafon yuqori darajada.[6]

1963 yilda Kelli qabul qilindi Lids universiteti kimyo, botanika va biofizika.[7] Onasi ikki yildan so'ng, haddan tashqari dozada buyurilgan retsept tufayli vafot etdi barbituratlar. Garchi sud tekshiruvi berdi ochiq hukm, Kelli unga ishongan o'zini o'ldirdi. O'lim natijasida Kelli azob chekdi uyqusizlik va uxlab yotgan dorilar buyurilgan; unga diplomini bajarish uchun qo'shimcha yil ham berildi.[a][b] Kelly 1967 yilda a BSc yilda bakteriologiya; keyin u an Magistr yilda virusologiya dan Birmingem universiteti.[10][11] Birinchi va ikkinchi darajalari o'rtasida, 1967 yil 15-iyulda u Bingli o'qituvchilar malakasini oshirish kollejida o'qiyotgan Janis Vodreyga uylandi.[4][c]

Kelli Oksford universitetidagi hasharotlar patologiyasi bo'limiga 1968 yilda, talaba sifatida qo'shildi Linacre kolleji.[4][6] 1971 yilda doktorlik dissertatsiyasini oldi mikrobiologiya "Ba'zi iridesent viruslarning hujayra madaniyatlarida ko'payishi" tezisi uchun.[4][13] 1970-yillarning boshlarida u doktorlikdan keyingi tadqiqotlarni olib bordi Uorvik universiteti, 1970-yillarning o'rtalarida Oksfordga qaytib kelishdan oldin Virusologiya instituti,[d] u erda ilmiy ilmiy rahbar lavozimiga ko'tarildi. Uning ishlarining ko'p qismi hasharotlar viruslari sohasida edi.[13][14]

Porton-Daun, Rossiya va Iroq: 1984–2003

Grinard oroli Kelli qurollanganlardan zararsizlantirishga yordam berdi kuydirgi

1984 yilda Kelli qo'shildi Mudofaa vazirligi Mudofaa Mikrobiologiya bo'limi boshlig'i sifatida ishlagan Porton Down, Uiltshir.[15][e] U kelganida kafedrada ozgina miqdordagi mikrobiologlar bor edi va ularning aksariyati zararsizlantirish bilan shug'ullangan Grinard oroli Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida qurollangan tajribalar uchun ishlatilgan kuydirgi. U o'z tadqiqotlari uchun qo'shimcha mablag 'topib, o'z bo'limining ko'lamini kengaytirdi biodefence. Kelli va uning jamoasi tomonidan olib borilgan ishlar tufayli Buyuk Britaniya 1990-1991 yillarda biologik himoya qobiliyatini ishga solishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Ko'rfaz urushi.[16]

Rossiya: 1991-1994

1989 yilda Vladimir Pasechnik, katta Sovet biolog va bio qurollar ishlab chiquvchi, Buyuk Britaniyaga ko'chib o'tdi va yashirin haqida ma'lumot berdi biologik urush (BW) dasturi, Biopreparat.[17] Dastur 1972 yilga zid edi Biologik qurollar to'g'risidagi konventsiya kimyoviy va biologik qurollarni ishlab chiqarishni taqiqlagan.[f] Pasechnik tomonidan muhokama qilindi Mudofaa razvedkasi shtabi (DIS), kimyo va biologik masalalar bo'yicha ma'lumotlarni qayta ishlash uchun texnik yordam so'ragan; Kelly DISga o'z hamkasblariga yordam berish uchun yuborilgan Brayan Jons va Kristofer Devis. Ular Pasechnikni uch yil davomida muhokama qilishdi.[20][21]

Stepnogorsk Mikrobiologiya ilmiy-texnik instituti, lardan biri Biopreparat Kelli tashrif buyurgan ob'ektlar

Kelli 1991-1994 yillarda Rossiyadagi fuqarolik biotexnologiya inshootlarini tekshirgan Buyuk Britaniya va AQSh guruhining hamraisi sifatida Rossiyaga bir necha bor tashrif buyurdi.[4][6][15] Tekshiruvchilarga qo'yilgan cheklovlardan biri shundaki, tashriflar faqat harbiy bo'lmagan binolarga tashrif buyurishi mumkin edi,[22] Shunday qilib, 1991 yil yanvar oyida birinchi tashrif uchun jamoa Lyubuchani muhandislik immunologiyasi institutiga tashrif buyurdi; Amaliy mikrobiologiya bo'yicha davlat ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi Obolensk; The Vektorli davlat virusologiya va biotexnologiya ilmiy markazi yilda Koltsovo; va keyinchalik ultrafure preparatlari instituti deb nomlangan Leningrad (hozirgi Sankt-Peterburg).[23] Jamoa ruslarning to'siqlariga duch keldi, ular ob'ektlarning muhim maydonlarini tekshirishni to'xtatishga harakat qildilar va qurilmalarning qaysi qismlariga qo'yilganligi to'g'risida yolg'on gapirishdi.[24] Vektorli zavodga bir marta tashrif buyurganimda, Kelli KGB tomonidan to'liq ma'lumot berilmaydigan juda past darajadagi laborant bilan suhbatlashdi. Kelli yordamchidan u qilayotgan ishi haqida so'radi va erkak uning sinovlarga aloqadorligini aytganda hayron bo'ldi chechak. Kelli so'roq qildi Lev Sandakchiev, Vector kompaniyasining rahbari, chechakdan foydalanish to'g'risida, ammo javob olmadi. Kelli savol-javoblarni "o'ta tarang on" deb ta'rifladi.[25][26]

2002 yilda tekshirish jarayonini ko'rib chiqishda Kelli shunday deb yozgan edi:

Tashriflar voqealarsiz o'tmadi. Obolenskda karantin talablarining soxta asoslari bilan asosiy tadqiqot muassasasining qismlariga, xususan, dinamik aerozol sinov xonalariga va vabo tadqiqot laboratoriyalariga kirish taqiqlandi. To'qnashuvlar portlovchi aerosol kamerasiga kirish paytida yuz bergan, chunki rasmiylar yaqinroq tekshiruv BW faoliyatining haqoratli dalillarini topishini bilar edi. Koltsovada kirish yana qiyin va muammoli edi. Eng jiddiy hodisa yuqori lavozimli shaxslar texnik xodimlarning u erda chechak bo'yicha tadqiqotlar olib borilayotganligi haqidagi e'tiroziga zid bo'lganida sodir bo'ldi. Rasmiylar chechak kasalligi borligi va ortopoksvirusda portlovchi moddalarni tarqatib yuborishga qodir bo'lgan dinamik aerosol sinov kamerasida olib borilayotgan tadqiqotlar uchun to'g'ri hisobot bera olmadilar. Leningraddagi ultrafure preparatlar institutida (Pasechnikning sobiq ish joyi) dinamik va portlovchi sinov kameralari qishloq xo'jaligi loyihalari uchun ajratilgan, tarkibida frezalash mashinalari tuzni maydalash uchun ishlatilgan va vabo, ayniqsa, ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha tadqiqotlar agent, noto'g'ri talqin qilingan. Ushbu ob'ektlardagi ko'plab tadbirlarning nomzodlik va ishonchli hisobvaraqlari taqdim etilmagan.[24]

Tashrifning rasmiy hisobotlarida sovetlar yashirin va noqonuniy BW dasturini olib bormoqda degan xulosaga kelishdi.[27] Kelli shuningdek, o'zaro tashriflarda qatnashdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining yuqumli kasalliklar bo'yicha tibbiyot instituti da Detrik Fort, Merilend va Porton Downga Rossiya va Amerika inspektorlari tashriflari.[28] Ularning topilmalariga qaramay, Kelli uch tomonlama tekshiruv dasturi muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi degan xulosaga keldi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu "juda shuhratparast; uning qurolsizlanish maqsadi o'zaro munosabat va uch tomon hududlaridan tashqaridagi saytlarga kirish masalalari bilan hal qilingan".[29] U yana davom etdi: "Rossiyaning BWning o'tmishdagi va hozirgi faoliyati to'g'risida to'liq ma'lumot berishdan bosh tortishi va Amerika-Britaniya jamoalarining Sovet / Rossiya harbiy sanoat ob'ektlariga kirishga qodir emasligi muhim omil bo'ldi".[29]

Iroq: 1991 yil - 2003 yil may

Shuningdek qarang: Iroq qurolsizlanish inqirozi 2002-2003 yy va Iroq urushi uchun asos

UNSCOMga tayinlash

Tugagandan so'ng Ko'rfaz urushi (1990 yil avgust - 1991 yil fevral), Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Xavfsizlik Kengashining 687-sonli qarori Iroqning taslim bo'lish moddalarini yukladi. Hujjatda "Iroq barcha kimyoviy va biologik qurollarning xalqaro nazorati ostida yo'q qilinishi, olib tashlanishi yoki zararsiz bo'lishini so'zsiz qabul qilishi" ta'kidlangan.[30] Bunga "Iroqning deklaratsiyalari va maxsus komissiyaning o'zi tomonidan har qanday qo'shimcha joylarning belgilanishi asosida Iroqning biologik, kimyoviy va raketa salohiyatini zudlik bilan joyida tekshirishni amalga oshiradigan maxsus komissiya tuzilishi" imkon bergan edi.[30] O'rnatilgan guruh Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining maxsus komissiyasi (UNSCOM) va Kelli unga 1991 yilda Iroqdagi qurol-yarog 'bo'yicha bosh inspektorlaridan biri sifatida tayinlangan.[15][31] Iroqliklar ta'minladilar Rolf Ekéus, tadqiqot va ishlab chiqarish bilan bog'liq saytlar ro'yxati bilan UNSCOM direktori Ommaviy qirg'in qurollari Mamlakatda (WMD), ularning taxminan yarmi "Cho'l bo'roni" operatsiyasi paytida bombardimon qilingan. Ushbu saytlar tekshirishlar uchun boshlang'ich nuqtani taqdim etdi.[32] 1991 yil avgust oyida Kelly birinchi guruhni boshqargan BMT BW tergovchilari mamlakatga.[31] Tekshiruv guruhlari qayerga borishi haqida so'ralganda, u jurnalistlarga "Biz biologik faollik bilan bog'liq xususiyatlarga ega deb hisoblagan joylarga boramiz, ammo hozircha ... men ochiq fikrdaman" dedi.[33][34] Birinchi UNSCOM missiyalari Iroqning biologik yoki kimyoviy dasturiga oid hech qanday dalil topilmay tugadi, ammo ular AQSh razvedka xizmatlari tomonidan biologik yoki kimyoviy urushlarda ishtirok etganlikda gumon qilingan ba'zi joylar qonuniy ekanligini aniqladilar. Bularga nonvoyxona, Samarradagi farmatsevtika tadqiqotlari korxonasi, sut mahsulotlari va so'yishxona kiradi.[35][36]

BMTning Iroqdagi qurol-yarog 'inspektori, 2002 yil

UNSCOM 1991 yil maydan 1998 yil dekabrigacha Iroqqa 261 ta tekshiruv topshirig'ini o'z zimmasiga oldi, ulardan 74 tasi biologik qurolga tegishli.[37][38][g] Kelly BW tekshiruvlarida ishtirok etgan o'nta missiyani boshqargan.[38] 1998 va 1999 yillarda Iroq UNSCOM yoki inspektorlar bilan ishlashdan bosh tortdi; mamlakat Prezident, Saddam Xuseyn, mamlakatdan chiqarib yuborish uchun kelini ismini aytib ajratdi.[4][39] 1998 yilda Iroqdagi tekshiruv missiyasi davomida Kelli amerikalik tarjimon bilan birga ishlagan AQSh havo kuchlari uni tanishtirgan ofitser May Pederson Bahas din. Kelly butun umri davomida imon a'zosi bo'lib qoldi, uyi yaqinidagi ma'naviy uchrashuvlarda qatnashdi Sautmur, Oksfordshir. U bir muddat asoslangan mahalliy filialining xazinachisi edi Abingdon, Oksfordshir.[4][40][41] Iroqda bo'lgan vaqti uni Saddam rejimidan nafratlansa-da, mamlakatga, uning xalqiga va madaniyatiga chuqur mehr qo'ydi.[4]

Iroqning WMD-dagi Britaniya hujjatlari

2000 yilda UNSCOM o'rniga Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Monitoring, tekshirish va tekshirish komissiyasi (UNMOVIC), uning vazifasi UNSCOM missiyasiga o'xshash edi va quyidagilarni amalga oshirdi:

"... davom eting ... [UNSCOM] Iroqni ommaviy qirg'in qurollaridan qurolsizlantirish ... va Iroq tomonidan unga taqiqlangan bir xil qurolni qaytarib olmaganlik majburiyatini bajarishini tekshirish uchun doimiy monitoring va tekshirish tizimini boshqarish. Xavfsizlik Kengashi.[42]

Kelli MOning biologik urush bo'yicha hukumat maslahatchisi sifatida ishiga qaytdi, shuningdek UNMOVIC bilan ishladi va Iroqqa tashrifini davom ettirdi.[13][15] U UNSCOM va UNMOVIC tarkibida Iroqqa kamida 36 missiyada qatnashgan,[43][h] va iroqliklarning aralashuvi va to'sqinlik taktikalariga qaramay, Iroqning BW inshootlarini kashf qilishda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo'ldi: kuydirgi kasalligini ishlab chiqarish dasturi Salman Pak muassasasi va ishlaydigan BW dasturi Al Hakum.[45][46]

Xans Bliks, rahbari UNSCOM 2000 yil martdan 2003 yil iyungacha

Uning 2002 yilda Ittifoq davlati manzil, Jorj V.Bush, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti, Iroq rejimi tomonidan WMDdan foydalanishni muhokama qildi va Eron va Shimoliy Koreya bilan bir qatorda Iroq ham "yovuzlik o'qi, dunyo tinchligiga tahdid qilish uchun qurollanish ".[47] O'sha yilning oxirida u "Qo'shma Shtatlarning belgilangan siyosati rejimni o'zgartirish" deb e'lon qildi.[48] Angliya hukumatining Saddamga qarshi urush haqidagi argumentlarining bir qismi sifatida, Toni Bler, Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri, nashr etilgan Iroq qurolli kuchlari to'g'risidagi hujjat 2002 yil 24 sentyabrda.[men] Ma'lumotlar to'plami, "asosan, ishiga asoslangan edi Qo'shma razvedka qo'mitasi (JIC) ", Iroq hukumati:

  • kimyoviy va biologik qurollarni, shu jumladan o'zining shia aholisiga qarshi foydalanish bo'yicha harbiy rejalar. Ushbu qurollarning ba'zilari ularni ishlatish uchun buyurtma berilganidan keyin 45 daqiqa ichida joylashtiriladi;
  • kimyoviy va biologik qurollardan foydalanish bo'yicha buyruqbozlik choralari. Hokimiyat oxir-oqibat Saddam Husayn bilan yashaydi.[53]

Nashr qilinishidan oldin Kelliga hujjatning nusxasi ko'rsatildi va DISda uni ko'rib chiqish bo'yicha yig'ilishda qatnashdi. Hisobotdagi ma'lumotlarga nisbatan to'rt sahifa sharhlar ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, ulardan Kelli o'n ikkita shaxsiy bayonot bergan. DISdan olingan kuzatuvlar Qo'shma razvedka tashkiloti; ularning hech biri 45 daqiqalik da'voga murojaat qilmagan.[54][55]

2002 yil 8-noyabrda BMT Xavfsizlik Kengashi qabul qilindi Qaror 1441, "Kengashning tegishli qarorlari bo'yicha qurolsizlanish majburiyatlarini bajarish uchun yakuniy imkoniyat; va shunga muvofiq qurolsizlanish jarayonini to'liq va tasdiqlangan yakuniga etkazish maqsadida tekshiruvning kuchaytirilgan rejimini o'rnatishga qaror qildi".[56] Qarorda Iroq hukumati 30 kun ichida o'zining qurol-yarog 'dasturining to'liq tafsilotlarini taqdim etishi kerakligi aytilgan.[56][j] Iroq hukumatiga bosimning kuchayishi natijasida UNSCOM inspektorlari mamlakatga qayta qabul qilindi va Iroqning WMD dasturi to'g'risida ma'lumot berildi. Kellining so'zlariga ko'ra, qabul qilingan qadamlarga qaramay, Saddam "o'zining kimyoviy va biologik qurollari va tegishli harbiy va sanoatni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi tashkilotlarning hajmini tan olishdan bosh tortmoqda",[57] va hali ham "8500 litr kuydirgi VX, 2160 kilogramm bakterial o'sish vositasi, 360 tonna kimyoviy urush vositasi, 6500 kimyoviy bomba va kimyoviy va biologik urush vositalarini etkazib berishga qodir bo'lgan 30000 o'q-dorilar haqida tashvish mavjud edi. 1991 yilgacha bo'lgan tadbirlar ".[57]

Jurnalistlar bilan o'zaro aloqalar

Aslida to'ldirish uchun vodorod ishlab chiqarish uchun mo'ljallangan Iroqning mobil qurol laboratoriyalari ob-havo sharlari.[58][59]

2003 yil fevral oyida Kolin Pauell, AQSh davlat kotibi, murojaat qilingan The Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Xavfsizlik Kengashi Iroqning WMD-ni muhokama qilish. U haqida ma'lumot kiritdi mobil qurol laboratoriyalari U buni "yuk mashinalari va poezd vagonlari ... osonlikcha harakatlanadigan va ... inspektorlar aniqlashdan qochish uchun mo'ljallangan. Bir necha oy ichida ular Iroq bor deb da'vo qilgan miqdorga teng miqdorda biologik zahar ishlab chiqarishi mumkin. Ko'rfaz urushidan oldingi yillarda ishlab chiqarilgan. "[59][60] Ushbu vositalarni tekshirgandan so'ng, Kelli so'zga chiqdi, yozuvdan tashqari, jurnalistlarga Kuzatuvchi. 2003 yil 15 iyundagi gazetadagi maqolalarida ular uni "ingliz olimi va biologik qurol mutaxassisi" deb ta'rifladilar,[58] va uning so'zlarini keltirdi:

Ular ko'chma mikroblarga qarshi kurash laboratoriyalari emas. Siz ularni biologik qurol tayyorlash uchun ishlata olmadingiz. Ular hatto ularga o'xshamaydi. Ular aynan iroqliklar aytganidek - sharlarni to'ldirish uchun vodorod gazini ishlab chiqarish uchun moslamalar.[58]

Hikoyani yozgan jurnalistlardan biri, Piter Bomont, Xutton so'rovida Kelly ushbu taklifning manbai ekanligini tasdiqladi.[61] Kelliga tez-tez matbuot tomonidan murojaat qilishgan va FKO matbuot xizmati bilan munozarani olib tashlashgan yoki buni amalga oshirishdan oldin o'z qaroridan foydalangan; ommaviy axborot vositalari bilan aloqa qilish uning vakolatiga kirgan.[62][k] Sal oldin 2003 yil Iroqqa bostirib kirish (2003 yil 20 mart - 1 may) Kelli noma'lum holda Saddamning tahdidi to'g'risida hech qachon nashr etilmagan maqola yozdi. U urushni qurish haqidagi fikrlarini bayon qildi:

Iroq so'nggi 30 yil davomida ommaviy qirg'in qurollari arsenalini (WMD) yaratishga sarfladi. Iroq harbiy jihatdan taqdim etayotgan hozirgi tahdid odatiy va noan'anaviy qurollar jihatidan kamtarin bo'lishiga qaramay, u bunday qurollarni harbiy va terroristik maqsadlarda ishlab chiqarish va zaxiralashdan hech qachon voz kechmagan.[57]

Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, "uzoq muddatli tahlika Iroqning ommaviy qirg'in qurollarini harbiy jihatdan pishib etish darajasigacha rivojlanishini davom ettiradi - bu faqat rejim o'zgarishi oldini oladi".[57] 2003 yil 20 martda Angliya va Amerika qo'shinlari rejim o'zgarishini amalga oshirish uchun Iroqqa kirishdi. Mamlakatning katta qismi ishg'ol qilindi va to'rt hafta ichida Saddam rejimi ag'darildi; Bushning ta'kidlashicha, urush 2003 yil 1 mayda tugagan.[64][65]

2003 yil 7 mayda Kelli telefon qildi Syuzan Uotts, ilmiy muharriri BBC "s Newsnight dastur; qo'ng'iroq 15 dan 20 minutgacha davom etdi. Ular Iroq bilan bog'liq turli masalalarni, shu jumladan suhbatning oxirigacha 45 daqiqalik da'vo masalasini muhokama qildilar. Vattning qo'lyozmasi stenografiya eslatmalaridan Kellyning ta'kidlashicha, da'vo "qo'yilgan xato. Alastair Kempbell u erda biron bir narsani ko'rgan, lekin bir manbada tasdiqlangan, ammo yaxshi eshitilgan".[66][67][l] Shuningdek, juftlik 12 may kuni navbatdagi qo'ng'iroqni o'tkazdi.[55]

Kelli 19 may kuni Quvaytga harbiy guruh tarkibida uchib ketdi. U a'zolari bilan uchrashishga umid qildi Iroq tadqiqot guruhi tashkilot qanday ishlashini ko'rish uchun. Quvaytga etib borgach, u uchun hech qanday viza ajratilmaganligini bilib, uyiga qaytdi.[69][70]

Endryu Gilligan bilan bog'laning

BBCning ikki jurnalisti Kelli 45 daqiqalik da'vo bilan aloqada bo'ldi
Syuzan Uotts, ilmiy muharriri BBC "s Newsnight dastur
Endryu Gilligan, uchun Mudofaa va Diplomatik muxbir BBC radiosi 4 "s Bugun dastur

2003 yil 22 mayda Kelli uchrashdi Endryu Gilligan, uchun Mudofaa va Diplomatik muxbir BBC radiosi 4 "s Bugun dasturi, Londonning Charing Cross mehmonxonasida. Bu juftlik uchinchi marta uchrashgan edi.[71] Jilligan tashabbusi bilan o'tkazilgan uchrashuv jurnalist uchun nima uchun Kellining Iroqda ingliz va amerikalik qo'shinlar tomonidan WMD kashf etilmagan deb o'ylashini so'rashi kerak edi. Gilliganning so'zlariga ko'ra, 30 daqiqadan so'ng suhbat sentyabr oyi hujjatlari va jamoatchilikka ko'proq ta'sir o'tkazish uchun hujjatning asosiy yo'nalishlari qanday o'zgartirilganligi to'g'risida bo'lib o'tdi. Gilligan elektr organayzer haqida yozuvlar olib bordi;[72] u shunday o'qiganini aytdi

Nozikroq qilish uchun nashrdan bir hafta oldin o'zgartirilgan. Klassik 45 daqiqa. Dossierdagi ko'p narsalar ikki manbali edi, ammo bu bitta manba edi. Bir manbaning ta'kidlashicha, raketa majmuasini o'rnatish uchun 4 ta [45 daqiqa bo'lishi kerak edi] va u noto'g'ri talqin qilingan. Aql-idrok sohasidagi ko'pchilik odamlar bundan mamnun emas edilar, chunki bu ular ilgari surayotgan fikrni aks ettirmadi. Kempbell: haqiqiy ma'lumot, ammo ishonchimiz yo'q, bizning xohishimizga qarshi. Dastlabki qoralamada yo'q - zerikarli, u boshqa biron bir narsani kiritish mumkinligini so'radi.[73][m]

Uchrashuvdan ko'p o'tmay, dedi Gilligan, u xotirasi va eslatmalariga asoslanib intervyu ssenariysini to'liq yozdi. Hujjat tugagandan avgustda Xutton so'rovi boshlangunga qadar Gilligan ushbu ssenariyni yo'qotganligini aytdi.[75] Kelly 2003 yil 29 mayda Nyu-Yorkda bo'lib, UNMOVIC boshchiligidagi komissarlarning yakuniy yig'ilishida qatnashdi Xans Bliks.[76] O'sha kuni ertalab soat 6.07 da Bugun dastur, Gilligan dastur xostiga tushuntirib berdi, Jon Xemfris, u keyinchalik dasturda nimani muhokama qilishi kerak edi:

bu hujjatni rasmiylashtirishga mas'ul bo'lgan biron bir mansabdor tomonidan bizga aytilgan narsa shuki, aslida hukumat qirq besh daqiqali raqam noto'g'ri ekanligini bilgan bo'lishi mumkin, buni kiritishga qaror qilmasdan oldin ham. Bu odam nima deydi , hujjat chop etilishidan bir hafta oldin, bu aslida yumshoq mahsulot edi. Razvedka idoralari tomonidan janob Bler uchun tayyorlangan loyihada haqiqatan ham jamoatchilik bilimi va tuzukligidan ko'proq narsa aytilmagan, Dauning Strit, bizning manbamiz nashrdan bir hafta oldin buyurtma bergan va shunday bo'lishini buyurgan. jinsiy aloqada bo'lish, yanada hayajonli bo'lish va ko'proq faktlarni topishni buyurish.[77][78]

Gilligan da'vo haqiqati to'g'risida boshqa manbalardan tasdiqlashni ololmagan.[79] Ning ishlab chiqaruvchisi Bugun, Kevin Marsh, Gilligan oldindan tayyorlangan ssenariysidan chiqib ketgan deb yozadi. Anonim yagona manbaga asoslangan yangiliklar bilan, ma'no aniq bo'lishi uchun hisobotlar "mukammal tarzda etkazilishi kerak";[80] Marshning so'zlariga ko'ra, "Gilligan bu aniqlikni boshqarish imkoniyatidan mahrum bo'lgan".[81] Dauning Stritga ushbu voqea haqida oldindan ogohlantirilmagan yoki izoh so'rab murojaat qilishgan.[79][82] Ertalab soat 7: 32da hukumatning matbuot xizmati ushbu bayonotdagi voqeani rad etish uchun bayonot berdi: "Ma'lumotnomaning bironta so'zi to'liq razvedka idoralarining ishi emas edi".[83] Gilligan keyin uchun hisobot translyatsiya BBC radiosi 5 jonli Nonushta dasturida u hukumat 45 daqiqalik da'voni hujjat ichiga qo'shib qo'ygan degan da'voni takrorladi.[84] Kellini Gilliganning "hujjatni rasmiylashtirishga mas'ul yuqori lavozimli shaxs" ta'rifidan o'zini tanimadi;[85] Kelli hujjatni tayyorlashda ishtirok etmagan va faqat uning mazmuni bo'yicha izoh so'rashgan.[86]

Ertasi kuni Watts kelloga telefon orqali qo'ng'iroqlarni muhokama qildi Bugun dastur; u qo'ng'iroqni yozib oldi. U undan manbaning kimligi to'g'risida savol beriladimi yoki yo'qmi deb so'raganida, Kelli "Men ular men deb o'ylamaydilar, demoqchiman. Ehtimol ular shunday qilishar edi, ehtimol ular bunday qilmas edilar. Men yo'q bilaman ".[87] Ularning suhbati, shuningdek, Kempbellning 45 daqiqalik da'voni hujjat tarkibiga kiritishda ishtirok etishini o'z ichiga olgan:

SW 45 daqiqali nashrdan bir oz orqaga qayting, men siz bilan xatolarni biroz ko'proq bilib olishim kerak deb o'ylayman. Shunday qilib, xuddi avvalgi suhbatda bo'lgani kabi, Alastair Kempbellning o'zi edi, deb aytish to'g'ri bo'lar edi ...
DK Yo'q, men qila olmayman. Aytishim mumkin bo'lgan narsa - o'ninchi raqamli matbuot xizmati. Men hech qachon Alastair Kempbellni uchratmaganman, shuning uchun ham qila olmayman ... Ammo menimcha, Alastair Kempbell o'sha matbuot idorasi bilan sinonimdir, chunki u bunga javobgar.[88]

Alastair Kempbell, Gilligan ta'kidlaganidek, 2002 yilda 45 daqiqalik da'voni o'z ichiga olgan Sentabr hujjati

Hukumat rad etganiga qaramay, 1 iyunda - Kelli va Uotts telefonda gaplashgandan keyingi kuni - Gilligan maqola yozdi Yakshanba kuni pochta unda u Kempbellni maxsus nomlagan; Bu sarlovhasi "Men o'zimning razvedka manbamdan Bler nega Saddamning qurol-aslahalari bilan bizni chalg'itgani haqida so'radim. Uning javobi? Bitta so'z ... KAMPBELL".[89] Jurnalistning so'zlariga ko'ra Mayl Goslett, bo'yicha hisobot Bugun dastur qiziqishning "shunchaki to'lqinlanishiga olib keldi";[90] gazetadagi maqola "xalqaro miqyosda katta ahamiyatga ega edi. Agar u isbotlansa, barcha manfaatdorlar uchun mansabga tahlikali edi"[91]

Dauning Strit va Bi-bi-si o'rtasida siyosiy mojaro avj olgan sari,[92][93] Kellini MoD-dagi menejeri Bryan Uells Gilligan bilan uchrashgani va boshqa masalalar qatorida 45 daqiqalik da'voni muhokama qilganligi to'g'risida ogohlantirdi. 30 iyundagi batafsil xatida Kellini Kempbell haqida har qanday eslatmani o'zi emas, balki Gilligan ko'targanini va bu bir chetda qolganini aytdi.[94] Kellining ta'kidlashicha, "men hatto Gilligan ma'lumotlarining" manbai "ekanligimni o'ylamaganman";[95][96] u imkoniyat haqida faqat Gilligan paydo bo'lganidan keyin xabardor bo'ldi Tashqi ishlar bo'yicha qo'mita 19 iyunda. Kellini Gilliganning dalillari to'g'risida: "Ushbu uchrashuvning tavsifi mening u bilan bo'lgan munosabatlarimga, ayniqsa Iroqning imkoniyatlarini shaxsiy baholashimga to'g'ri keladi, ammo umumiy xarakter umuman boshqacha".[95][96] So'zni yakunlar ekan, u yana bir bor ta'kidladi: "Men, albatta, men o'zining asosiy ma'lumot manbai emasligimga amin bo'lganimga qaramay, Endryu Gilligan bilan suhbatlashganimdan qattiq pushaymonman".[95][96]

Toni Bler, Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri, agar u kimligini taxmin qilsa, jurnalistlarga Kellining ismini tasdiqlashga kelishib olgan yig'ilishni boshqargan.

Kelli ish beruvchilari tomonidan ikki marotaba intervyu oldi - 3 va 7 iyul kunlari; ular Gilliganning manbai bo'lishi mumkin, ammo Gilligan Kellining aytganlarini bo'rttirib ko'rsatgan bo'lishi mumkin degan xulosaga kelishdi. Kelliga nisbatan rasmiy choralar ko'rilmasligi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi. Unga, shuningdek, jurnalistlar qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun bosim o'tkazganda, uning ismi matbuot xabarlarida paydo bo'lishi mumkinligi haqida maslahat berildi.[97] Hisobotlar The Times Jurnalist Tom Bolduin tomonidan 5 va 8 iyul kunlari Gilliganning manbasi to'g'risida muhim ko'rsatmalar berilgan.[98] Bler boshchiligidagi 8-iyul kuni bo'lib o'tgan yig'ilishda, Moliya vazirining a'zosi, u manba ekanligini aytgani uchun bayonot e'lon qilinishi kerakligi to'g'risida kelishib olindi. Shuningdek, Kellining ismi jurnalistlarga berilmasligi to'g'risida kelishib olindi, ammo kimdir kimligini taxmin qilsa, ularga buni tasdiqlashga ruxsat berildi. Kevin Tebbit, doimiy kotib Moliya vazirligida - bo'limning eng yuqori darajadagi vakili - uchrashuv oxiriga kelib, hech qanday ma'lumot bera olmadi.[99][100][n] 8-iyul soat 17:54 da hukumat bayonoti e'lon qilindi. Kelli nomini aytmasdan, Moliya vazirligi a'zosi Gilliganning efiridan bir hafta oldin ruxsatsiz yig'ilishda Gilligan bilan uchrashganligini tan olish uchun kelganini aytdi. Bayonotda aytilishicha, ushbu MoD xodimi 45 daqiqalik masalada Kempbellning roli to'g'risida izoh berishga qodir emas, chunki u razvedka hisobotini tuzishda yordam bermagan va ko'rmagan.[102][103] Ertasi kuni soat 17:50 da bir jurnalist Financial Times Kellining ismini to'g'ri taxmin qildi; dan jurnalist The Times o'n to'qqizta muvaffaqiyatsiz taxminlardan keyin ko'p o'tmay buni amalga oshirdi.[100]

8 iyul kuni kechqurun jurnalist Nik Rufford bilan Sunday Times Kelli bilan besh yildan beri tanish bo'lgan, uni Sautmurdagi uyiga tashrif buyurgan. Rufford unga uning ismi ertasi kuni qog'ozlarda e'lon qilinishini aytdi. U Kellini shu kecha ommaviy axborot vositalaridan qochish uchun uyidan chiqib ketishni maslahat berdi va gazeta Kelli va uning rafiqasini mehmonxonaga joylashtiradi, dedi.[104][105] Rufford ketganidan ko'p o'tmay, u MO bilan bog'lanib, Kelli voqealar versiyasini ilgari surgan holda qog'ozga asar yozib beradimi, deb so'radi; Vazirlik matbuot xizmati bu mumkin emasligini aytdi. Ko'p o'tmay, MR Kelliga qo'ng'iroq qildi va unga tunda qolish uchun boshqa joy topishni maslahat berdi, chunki ommaviy axborot vositalari ularning uyiga kelishlari mumkin.[106] Kelli xonimning so'zlariga ko'ra, er-xotin 15 daqiqada uydan chiqib ketishdi va mashinaga borishdi Kornuol, bir kechada sayohatni buzish Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, ular soat 21:45 ga qadar etib kelishdi.[107] Kornuolga sayohat Xutton so'rovida xonim Kelli tomonidan tasvirlangan bo'lsa-da,[108][109] Beyker "bizdan qabul qilishni so'ragan voqealar versiyasi bilan bog'liq muammolar" mavjud deb hisoblaydi;[110] Goslett Kelli o'ynagan deb yozadi beshik ichida pub jamoasi bilan Kingston Bagpuize o'sha kecha va u erda kamida kechki 22:30 gacha bo'lgan. Kellining cribbage jamoasida bo'lganlarning hech biridan Xutton so'roviga dalil keltirishni so'ramagan.[111]

Kornuolda bo'lganida, 11-iyul kuni ertalab Kellini Bryan Uelsdan telefon orqali qo'ng'iroq qilib, uning oldida paydo bo'lishi kerakligini aytdi. Razvedka va xavfsizlik va Tashqi aloqalarni tanlang qo'mitalar. Unga aytilishicha, bu ikkinchisi televizor orqali namoyish etiladi, bu uning xotinining so'zlariga ko'ra uni juda xafa qildi. O'sha kuni tushdan keyin, avvalgi telefon qo'ng'irog'idagi yangiliklardan hali ham norozi bo'lib, Uells bilan yana to'qqiz marta gaplashdi. Ular suhbatlarga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun 14 iyul dushanba kuni uchrashishga kelishib oldilar.[112] Kelli 13-iyul kuni Kornuoldan qaytib keldi va Oksfordda qizi Rohilaning uyida qoldi.[113]

Jamiyat palatasi qo'mitalari oldida chiqish

Devid Chidgey, kim Gilligan tomonidan berilgan Kelliga savollar bergan.[114]

Tashqi aloqalar bo'yicha qo'mita oldida Kellining paydo bo'lishi, MoD-ning eng yuqori martabali davlat xizmatchisi Tebbitning maslahatiga zid edi. U tomonidan bekor qilingan Jeof Xun, Mudofaa bo'yicha davlat kotibi.[115] Kelli 15 iyul kuni bir soatdan ko'proq davom etgan sessiyada qo'mita oldida paydo bo'ldi. U juda yumshoq gapirdi xonadagi muxlislar o'chirildi, shuning uchun qo'mita a'zolari uning javobini eshitishlari mumkin edi; Beykerning so'zlariga ko'ra, "har bir so'z [Kellidan] ehtiyotkorlik bilan tortilgan va ba'zi alamli aylanalarga olib kelgan".[116] Kelli qo'mitaga Gilligan bilan uchrashganini, ammo jurnalist sifatida aytganini aytdi Tom Mangold, Kellining biografiyasida Milliy biografiya lug'ati "Gilliganning manbasi aytganidek aytganlarini aytganini rad etdi" deb yozadi.[4]

Kelli tomonidan so'roq qilingan Liberal-demokrat Deputat Devid Chidgey Syuzan Uotts bilan suhbatlar haqida. Bu uning ismi Kelli bilan jamoat oldida birinchi marta bog'lanishi edi va keyinchalik Gilligan nafaqat Chidgeyga yozib olingan suhbatdan parchalar yuboribgina qolmay, balki Chidgeyga Kellidan so'rash uchun savollar bergani ham aniqlandi. Iqtibosda 45 daqiqalik da'vo bo'yicha Kellining fikri keltirilgan.[114][117][o] Chidgey Kellidan kotirovkalarning 2002 yil noyabr oyida Uotts bilan bo'lgan uchrashuvidan kelib chiqqanligini so'radi - bu juftlik yuzma-yuz uchrashgan yagona vaqt; Kelli "Men o'sha paytda bunday bayonot berganimga ishonolmayman" deb javob berdi.[118][119] Goslettning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu haqiqat gap edi, chunki Kelli bu bayonotni 2002 yil noyabrida emas, balki o'sha yilning 30 mayida qilgan edi.[120] Mangoldning ta'kidlashicha, intervyu paytida Kelli stress ostida bo'lgan va ba'zi so'roqlar ochiqchasiga dushmanlik bilan o'tgan.[4] Bitta deputat, Endryu MakKinlay, sessiyaning oxiriga kelib Kellidan so'roq qildi:

Endryu MakKinlayMenimcha, siz somonsiz; Siz bizning tekshiruvimizni boshqa tomonga yo'naltirish uchun tashlandingiz. Siz hech qachon o'zini qulagan yigit kabi his qilganmisiz? Siz o'rnatildingiz, shunday emasmi?

Doktor Kelli: Bu men javob beradigan savol emas.

Endryu MakKinlay: Lekin buni his qilyapsizmi?

Doktor Kelli: Yo'q, umuman emas. Men davom etayotgan jarayonni qabul qilaman.[121][119]

Eshitgandan so'ng, Kelli MakKinlayni qiziga "o'ta yaramas" deb ta'rifladi.[122]

Ertasi kuni, 2003 yil 16-iyulda, Kelli Razvedka va xavfsizlik qo'mitasiga dalillar keltirdi. U Beykerning so'zlariga ko'ra, Tashqi ishlar qo'mitasi oldida bo'lganidan ko'ra erkinroq ko'rinardi.[123] So'ralganda, Kelli sentyabr oyidagi hujjatlarni "aniq hujjat, deb o'ylayman, menimcha, bu mavjud bo'lgan razvedkaning adolatli aksidir va u juda hushyor va daliliy tarzda taqdim etilgan".[124][125]

O'lim: 2003 yil 17-iyul

Doktor Devid Kelli hayotidagi asosiy fikrlar:
Qizil pog.svg – Sautmur, u qaerda yashagan
Moviy pog.svg - Uning jasadi topilgan Harrowdown Hill.
Ikkala joy ham Oksfordshir.[126]

17-iyul kuni ertalab Kelli Sautmur shahridagi uyidan ish olib bordi va ikki deputatning - MakKinlining Kelli bilan suhbatlashgan jurnalistlarning kimligi to'g'risida va parlamentning yozma savollariga javob berib ishladi. Konservativ Deputat Bernard Jenkin Kellining Gilligan bilan bo'lgan munozaralari va u uchun intizomiy jazoga tortilishi to'g'risida; Kelli ma'lumotni MoDga yuborishi kerak edi.[127] U bilan telefon aloqasi bo'lgan Qanot qo'mondoni Jon Klark, do'sti va hamkasbi, ular Kellining umumiy ahvolini, shuningdek kelasi hafta Kellining borishi kerak bo'lgan Iroqqa safarini muhokama qildilar. Klarkning xabar berishicha, Kelli "juda charchagan, ammo yaxshi kayfiyatda" bo'lgan.[128] U xayrixohlardan bir nechta elektron pochta xabarlarini olgan, shu jumladan The New York Times jurnalist Judit Miller, bunga u javob berdi: "Men hakamlik qilishdan oldin hafta oxirigacha kutaman - ko'plab qorong'u aktyorlar o'yin o'ynashmoqda. Yordamingiz uchun tashakkur."[129]

Kun davomida Kelliga kayfiyatni o'zgartirgan telefon orqali qo'ng'iroq qilishdi. Mangoldning ta'kidlashicha, "u, ehtimol, Mudofaa vazirligidagi yaxshi niyatli do'stidan Bi-bi-si lentada yozib olingan dalillarga ega ekanligini, bu nashr etilganida, u haqiqatan ham Syuzan Vattga aytgan narsalarini aytganligini ko'rsatishi mumkin". "degan so'zlarni rasmiy ravishda rad etishdi.[4] Kelli xonim o'sha kuni kasal bo'lib, er-xotinning yotoqxonasida bir oz yotgan edi, lekin u yotoqxonasiga qaytib uxlashdan oldin, soat 15:00 da telefonda gaplashayotgan Kellini topdi. Goslett ushbu telefon qo'ng'irog'i parlament savollariga javoblardan biri haqidagi bahsda Klark bilan bo'lgan bo'lishi mumkinligini taxmin qilmoqda.[130] Kellini soat 15:00 dan 15:20 gacha yurish uchun jo'nab ketdi va uni oxirgi marta qo'shni Rut Absalom ko'rgan, u bilan suhbatlashish uchun turgan. U uni tirik ko'rgan so'nggi odam edi.[4][131][132] Klark uyda Kelli bilan bog'lanishga urindi - u erda xonim Kelli erining sayrga ketganini aytdi - keyin Kelly o'chirilgan uyali telefonida; Clark stated he was surprised it was off as Kelly was normally easily contactable.[133]

Kelly walked a mile (1.6 km) from his house to Harrowdown Hill. He ingested up to 29 tablets of ko-proksamol, an og'riq qoldiruvchi drug, then cut his left wrist multiple times, severing his ulnar arteriya, with a pruning knife he had owned since his youth.[4][134][135] It was subsequently established that neither the knife or the blister packs showed Kelly's fingerprints on their surfaces.[136][137][138]

Harrowdown Hill, site of Kelly's death
Aerial view of Harrowdown Hill
Woods on Harrowdown Hill; Kelly's body was found near this spot

Rachel Kelly spoke to her mother in the late afternoon, then drove round to her parents' house at around 6:00 pm. As her father had not returned, she walked a route along a footpath her father was known to use regularly to try and find him; she returned to the house at around 6:30 pm, then drove round to see if she could find him.[139] Sian, the Kellys' eldest daughter, also came to the house that night, and at 11:40 pm they phoned the police. Three officers from the local station in Abingdon arrived within 15 minutes;[140] they searched the house and garden straight away.[141] By 1:00 am a search helicopter, fitted with termal ko'rish equipment, from RAF Benson, had been requested; teams of search dogs were also provided and a 26-metre (85 ft) communications mast was erected, as the Kellys' home was in a mobile communications black spot.[142][143]

Volunteer search teams were also used by the police, and it was one of these that found Kelly's body on Harrowdown Hill at about 9:20 am on 18 July.[144][143] The two-person team differed in their description of the position of the body: one stated Kelly was "at the base of the tree with almost his head and his shoulders just slumped back against the tree"; the other stated Kelly was "sitting with his back up against a tree".[145][146] The police and paramedics differed from both the searchers. DC Coe, one of the first policemen at the scene stated the body "was laying on its back – the body was laying on its back by a large tree, the head towards the trunk of the tree"; The patolog called to the scene, Nicholas Hunt, recalled that: "his head was quite close to branches and so forth, but not actually over the tree."[147][148]

Darhol oqibatlar

Sent-Meri cherkovi, Longvort, where Kelly was buried

Blair was on an aeroplane from Washington to Tokyo when the body was found. He was contacted while en route and informed of the news, although Kelly had not been formally identified at that stage. He decided to order a sud tergovi to examine the circumstances, which was to be headed by Lord Xatton, avvalgi Lord Shimoliy Irlandiyaning bosh sudyasi.[149][150][151] His terms of reference were "urgently to conduct an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the death of Dr Kelly".[152]

Hunt undertook the o'limdan keyingi tekshiruv on 19 July in the presence of eight police officers and two members of the sud tekshiruvchisi ofis.[153] Hunt concluded that the cause of death was a haemorrhage caused by a self-inflicted injury from "incised wounds to the left wrist", with the contributory factors of "co-proxamol ingestion and koronar arteriya ateroskleroz ".[154][155][156] On 20 July 2003, the day after the post-mortem, the BBC confirmed that Kelly was their only source.[157][158] Nicholas Gardner, the coroner, opened and adjourned his tergov on 21 July, noting that the pathologist was still awaiting the toksikologiya hisobot.[159] With the establishment of the inquiry under Hutton, the Lord kansler bo'limi contacted Nicholas Gardner, the coroner, to advise him that under section 17A of the Koronerlar to'g'risidagi qonun 1988 yil, the coroner's inquest should only be resumed if there were exceptional circumstances to do so.[160]

On 6 August 2003, five days after the preliminary session of the Hutton Inquiry, Kelly was buried at Sent-Meri cherkovi, Longvort.[161][162][163]

Hutton so'rovi

Asosiy maqola: Hutton so'rovi
Four witnesses from the Hutton Inquiry: (Yuqori chapdan soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha) Richard Dearlove, Greg Dayk, Jon Skarlett va Jeof Xun

From 11 August to 4 September 2003 witnesses to the inquiry were called in the order of the chronology of events. The second stage of the inquiry took place between 15 September and 25 September 2003; Hutton explained that he "would ask persons, who had already given evidence and whose conduct might possibly be the subject of criticism in my report, to come back to be examined further".[164] There was one additional day used, 13 October 2003, to hear from one witness who had been ill on their scheduled day.[165] As well as members of the Kelly family, evidence was taken from BBC employees (including Gilligan, Watts and Richard Sambruk, the BBC's Director of News) members of the government and its advisors (including Blair, Campbell, Hoon and McKinley) and civil servants, including Jon Skarlett, chairman of the JIC and Richard Dearlove, boshlig'i Yashirin razvedka xizmati (MI6).[166]

One of the witnesses who gave evidence to Hutton was David Broucher, the UK's permanent representative to the Qurolsizlanish bo'yicha konferentsiya. In 2002 or 2003 he had asked Kelly what would happen if Iraq were invaded; Kelly had replied "I will probably be found dead in the woods".[167][168][p] Over the 24 days evidence was taken, the inquiry questioned 74 witnesses and received over 10,000 pages of evidence;[169] most of the documents, along with transcripts of the questioning, were published online by the inquiry team.[170] Hutton reported on 28 January 2004 and wrote:

I am satisfied that Dr Kelly took his own life by cutting his left wrist and that his death was hastened by his taking Coproxamol tablets. I am further satisfied that there was no involvement by a third person in Dr Kelly's death.[1]

Hutton also concluded that the September dossier had not been "sexed up" by the government, or by Campbell, but was the work of the JIC. He cleared the government and its ministers of any wrongdoing and reserved his criticism for the BBC and Gilligan.[171][172] Ga binoan Jorj Jons, the political correspondent for Daily Telegraph, Hutton's judgement on the BBC was "damning and shocked its journalists with its ferocity. He said the corporation had a "defective" editorial system that allowed Gilligan to make "unfounded" claims questioning the Government's integrity".[173]

Despite the conclusion of the Hutton report that Kelly committed suicide, there was continued debate over the manner of his death. Several doctors questioned the conclusion on medical grounds, although their position has been doubted by pathologists.[174][q] Ning sobiq rahbari Konservativ partiya, Maykl Xovard va avvalgisi Liberal-demokrat Deputat, Norman Beyker, both think Kelly was murdered.[174] In 2007 Baker published The Strange Death of David Kelly in which he argued that Kelly did not commit suicide.[177] Kelly's family expressed their displeasure at the publication; his sister-in-law said: "It is just raking over old bones. I can't speak for the whole family, but I've read it all [Baker's theories], every word, and I don't believe it."[178]

Keyingi voqealar

In March 2004 the Oxfordshire coroner, Nicholas Gardiner, convened a hearing to decide whether there were the "exceptional circumstances" needed to resume the inquest; he concluded that such circumstances did not exist and that an inquest was not required.[179][180]

In 2007, information that no fingerprints were found on the knife that Dr Kelly supposedly used to kill himself was made public for the first time, thanks to a Freedom of Information request to Thames Valley Police[137] (the same later turned out to be true about the blister packs of pills Dr Kelly supposedly ingested,[136] and the water bottle he supposedly drank out of to help him swallow the pills).

In December 2009 six doctors applied to the Oxford coroner's office to reopen the inquest, claiming that there was insufficient evidence for Hutton's conclusion of suicide.[138] Their request was turned down on legal advice, and they were informed that evidence relating to Kelly's death was to be kept secret for 70 years.[181][182] Hutton stated that he did so "solely in order to protect Dr Kelly's widow and daughters for the remainder of their lives (the daughters being in their twenties at that time) from the distress which they would suffer from further discussion of the details of Dr Kelly's death in the media".[183]

The Bosh prokuror, Dominik qayg'u, reviewed the case between 2010 and 2011.[184] He spoke to both Hutton and Gardner before he concluded that there was no benefit in opening a new inquest into the matter; he stated that there was "overwhelmingly strong" evidence that Kelly committed suicide.[2] Prior to Grieve's decision, the government released the post-mortem and toxicology reports that Hutton had said should be sealed for 70 years. Both documents supported the conclusion of the Hutton Inquiry. The pathologist wrote in the post-mortem:

It is my opinion that the main factor involved in bringing about the death of David Kelly is the bleeding from the incised wounds to his left wrist. Had this not occurred he may well not have died at this time. Furthermore, on the balance of probabilities, it is likely that the ingestion of an excess number of co-proxamol tablets coupled with apparently clinically silent coronary artery disease would both have played a part in bringing about death more certainly and more rapidly than would have otherwise been the case. Therefore I give as the cause of death:

1a. Haemorrhage;
1b. Incised wounds to the left wrist;
2. Co-proxamol ingestion and coronary artery atherosclerosis.[185][186]

Kelly's grave was a focal point for the campaign group "Justice for Kelly", who left placards demanding an inquest and undertook vigils at the graveside. Following complaints by his widow and a request by her to the Oksford yeparxiyasi, Kelly's remains were eksgumatsiya qilingan 2017 yil iyun oyida.[187][188]

Meros

Kelly's death and the preceding events have served as an inspiration for artistic tributes and dramatisations including the song "Harrowdown Hill "tomonidan Toms York;[189] a 2008 painting, Devid Kellining o'limi, tomonidan Dexter Dalwood;[190][191] Jonathan Coe 2015 yilgi roman 11 raqami;[192][193] and a poem, "Hand-Washing Technique – Government Guidelines" (subtitled "i.m. Dr David Kelly"), by Simon Armitage.[194][195] Kelly was the subject of a 2005 television drama, Davlat inspektori, bosh rollarda Mark Rylance,[196][197] and "Justifying War: Scenes from the Hutton Inquiry" a radio play by the Uch g'ildirakli velosiped teatri.[198] Kelly's last moments are featured in the centre monologue of the stage play Oxirat saroyi tomonidan Judit Tompson.[199][200] There have also been documentaries on British television and radio about Kelly.[r]

In 1996 yil Tug'ilgan kun sharaflari Kelly was appointed as Sen-Maykl va Sen-Jorj ordenlarining hamrohi (CMG);[207] the citation reads:

He devised the scientific basis for the enhanced biological warfare defence programme and led strong research groups in many key areas. Following the Gulf War he led the first biological warfare inspection in Iraq and has spent most of his time since either in Iraq or at various sites in the former Soviet Union helping to shed light on past biological warfare related activities and assisting the UK/US RUS trilateral confidence building process. He has pursued this work tirelessly and with good humour despite the significant hardship, hostility and personal risk encountered during extended periods of service in both countries. ... His efforts in his specialist field have had consequences of international significance.[208]

Lord Hutton, in the report to his inquiry, suggests that Kelly might well have been under consideration for a knighthood in May 2003.[208] Kelly's work in Iraq earned him a nomination for the Tinchlik bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti;[4][209] his biographer, the former MP Norman Beyker, wrote of Kelly:

It is no exaggeration to say that between 1990 and his death in 2003, Dr Kelly probably did more to make the world a more secure place than anyone on the planet. Even among the elite group of international weapons inspectors, he was regarded with some awe, as the inspectors' inspector.[210]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar va ma'lumotnomalar

Izohlar

  1. ^ When Kelly was tekshirilgan tomonidan MI5 for his defence work, his mother's suicide was considered; the MI5 officer noted that the event had made Kelly work harder, and that he was a well-balanced individual.[8]
  2. ^ Thomas—known as Tim—died in 1984.[9]
  3. ^ The couple later had a daughter followed, two years later, by twin girls.[11][12]
  4. ^ The Institute of Virology was subsequently renamed the Natural Environment Research Council.[14]
  5. ^ Kelly's employment record was, in the opinion Lord Xatton, ichida report to his inquiry, "somewhat complex".[15] 1995 yil aprelda Mudofaani baholash va tadqiq qilish agentligi (DERA) was established as an agency of the MoD; Kelly's personnel management was passed to the new organisation. The following year he was seconded back to the MoD as part of the Proliferation and Arms Control Secretariat; as part of the role he was an advisor to the Non-Proliferation Department, which was part of the Tashqi ishlar va Hamdo'stlik idorasi. It was through the FCO that Kelly undertook his role on the UN inspection teams. He also acted as an advisor to the DIS and the Yashirin razvedka xizmati (MI6). In 2001, with a further re-organisation of the UK's defence establishment, Kelly's personnel management was moved to the Mudofaa fanlari va texnologiyalari laboratoriyasi, who was his formal employer until 2003, although he was still on secondment to the MoD.[15]
  6. ^ The full title is the "Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction". This banned the development, production and stockpiling of ommaviy qirg'in qurollari.[18][19]
  7. ^ The remaining visits were nuclear and ballistic missile inspections.[37]
  8. ^ The number of Kelly's visits to Iraq varies. Germ Warfare: Dr Kelly's Last Interview, a 5-kanal documentary broadcast in 2004, states it was 36 visits;[43] Lord Xatton, ichida report to his inquiry, says 37 visits,[15] kabi Tom Mangold, in Kelly's biography in the Milliy biografiya lug'ati;[4] and Robert Lewis, in his biography of Kelly, states Kelly made 38 visits.[44]
  9. ^ The dossier, "Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government" became known as the "September Dossier". A briefing paper, "Iroq - yashirish, aldash va qo'rqitish infratuzilmasi " was published in February 2003; this became known as the February, or Dodgy, Dossier. It later transpired that this document was plagiarised from "Iraq's Security and Intelligence Network: A Guide and Analysis", an article by Ibrohim al-Marashi, published in September 2002 in the Yaqin Sharqdagi xalqaro ishlar sharhi.[49][50] The February Dossier made no mention of the 45-minute claim.[51][52]
  10. ^ Point 3 of the resolution states that the Iraqi government need to "provide to UNMOVIC, the IAEA, and the Council, not later than 30 days from the date of this resolution, a currently accurate, full, and complete declaration of all aspects of its programmes to develop chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, ballistic missiles, and other delivery systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles and dispersal systems designed for use on aircraft, including any holdings and precise locations of such weapons, components, subcomponents, stocks of agents, and related material and equipment, the locations and work of its research, development and production facilities, as well as all other chemical, biological, and nuclear programmes, including any which it claims are for purposes not related to weapon production or material."[56]
  11. ^ Between April 2002 and March 2003, Kelly's personnel file recorded that in addition to speaking at numerous seminars and conferences, he had given briefings on an attributable and unattributable basis concerning Iraq, Russia, weapons, anthrax and smallpox. These were to:
  12. ^ The quote was Watts reading from her shorthand copy, which reads "..a mistake to put in..A Campbell seeing something in there... NB single source. but not corroborated..sounded good."[68]
  13. ^ Gilligan's electronic notes read:
    "transformed wk before pub to make it sexier
    the classic was the 45 mins. mst thngs inndossier wre dbl sc but that was
    single-source, one source said it took 4 minutes to set up a missile
    assembly, that was misinterpreted. .
    most people in intel werent happy with it, beause it didnt refect the
    considere view they were putting forward
    campbell
    real info but unr, incl agaisnt ur wishes
    not in orig draft - dull, he asked ifanything else cd go in[74]
  14. ^ Norman Beyker, sobiq Parlament a'zosi, in his history of Kelly's death, states that Tebbit had gone to great lengths to ensure that he "sought to apply proper procedures and protect Dr Kelly from the political circus". When asked about the decision of the meeting on the 8th, Tebbit said "I was not actually invited to challenge the judgement of a meeting that had been chaired by the Prime Minister".[101]
  15. ^ The quote read out by Chidgey included: "The 45 minutes was a statement that was made and it got out of all proportion. They were desperate for information. They were pushing hard for information that could be released. That was one that popped up and it was seized on and it is unfortunate that it was."[118][119]
  16. ^ Broucher initially thought the conversation took place in September 2002, but then changed this to February 2003. Kelly's diaries record the meeting between the two in February 2002.[168]
  17. ^ These include three doctors who wrote to Guardian to state that they did "not consider the evidence given at the Hutton inquiry has demonstrated that Dr David Kelly committed suicide";[175] some of their conclusions have been challenged by members of the International Toxicology Advisory Group, who wrote to BMJ to say it was a "mistaken notion" to think that post-mortem drug concentration in blood could be interpreted effectively.[176]
  18. ^ Bunga quyidagilar kiradi:
    • 30 September 2003: "David Kelly and the BBC" BBC Jahon xizmati;[201]
    • 5 October 2003: "Death of a Scientist: The David Kelly Affair" on 4-kanal;[202]
    • 21 January 2004: Panorama: "A Fight To The Death" BBC One;[203]
    • 13 February 2004: "Germ Warfare: Dr Kelly's Last Interview" on 5-kanal;[204]
    • 2006 yil 25-fevral: Fitna fayllari: "David Kelly" on BBC Ikki;[205]
    • 29 July 2019: Witness History: "The Death of David Kelly" BBC World Service.[206]

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ a b Hutton 2004, p. 3.
  2. ^ a b Watt 2011, p. 15.
  3. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 27.
  4. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l m n o Mangold 2008.
  5. ^ Lewis 2013, 27-28 betlar.
  6. ^ a b v Buczacki 2003, p. 14.
  7. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 33.
  8. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 34.
  9. ^ Lewis 2013, 27, 33-betlar.
  10. ^ Lewis 2013, 33-35 betlar.
  11. ^ a b "Obituary: David Kelly". The Times.
  12. ^ Sengupta 2003, p. 5.
  13. ^ a b v Teylor 2003 yil, p. 18.
  14. ^ a b "David Kelly". Daily Telegraph.
  15. ^ a b v d e f g Hutton 2004, p. 4.
  16. ^ Stone 2003, p. 445.
  17. ^ Kelly 2002, p. 93.
  18. ^ Leitenberg, Zilinskas & Kuhn 2012, 14395.
  19. ^ "Biological Weapons – UNODA". Birlashgan Millatlar.
  20. ^ Leitenberg, Zilinskas & Kuhn 2012, 7667.
  21. ^ Miller, Broad & Engelberg 2012, p. 128.
  22. ^ Kelly 2002, p. 97.
  23. ^ Leitenberg, Zilinskas & Kuhn 2012, 12343–12351.
  24. ^ a b Kelly 2002, p. 95.
  25. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 169.
  26. ^ Germ urushi, 2004 yil 13 fevral, Event occurs at 41:00–42:07.
  27. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 170.
  28. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 171.
  29. ^ a b Kelly 2002, p. 106.
  30. ^ a b "Security Council Resolution 687 – UNSCR". Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Xavfsizlik Kengashining qarorlari.
  31. ^ a b Lewis 2013, p. 174.
  32. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 197.
  33. ^ Germ urushi, 2004 yil 13 fevral, Event occurs at 45:55–46:06.
  34. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 173.
  35. ^ Smithson 2011, p. 54.
  36. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 210.
  37. ^ a b "IAEA and UNSCOM Inspection Teams In Iraq Since the Gulf War". Bugungi kunda qurollarni nazorat qilish.
  38. ^ a b Pearson 2000 yil, 186-187 betlar.
  39. ^ Findlay 2005, p. 45.
  40. ^ Goslett 2018, 256-257 betlar.
  41. ^ Quilligan 2013, p. 172.
  42. ^ "UNMOVIC: Basic facts". Birlashgan Millatlar.
  43. ^ a b Germ urushi, 2004 yil 13 fevral, Event occurs at 45:35–45:40.
  44. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 191.
  45. ^ Mangold 2008; Ekéus 2016, p. 138; Smithson 2011, 37-38 betlar.
  46. ^ Germ urushi, 2004 yil 13 fevral, Event occurs at 45:40–45:50.
  47. ^ Bush 2002.
  48. ^ Sanger 2002 yil.
  49. ^ Davies 2012, p. 399.
  50. ^ al-Marashi 2006, p. 33.
  51. ^ al-Marashi 2006, p. 41.
  52. ^ Iraq – Its Infrastructure of Concealment, Deception and Intimidation 2003, 1-19 betlar.
  53. ^ "Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction" (September Dossier) 2002, p. 5.
  54. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 29 2003.
  55. ^ a b "Timeline: David Kelly". BBC.
  56. ^ a b v "Security Council Resolution 1441 (2002)". Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti Xavfsizlik Kengashining qarorlari, p. 3.
  57. ^ a b v d Kelly 2003 yil.
  58. ^ a b v Beaumont, Barnett & Hinsliff 2003.
  59. ^ a b "Iraq: Failing to Disarm". US Department of State 2003, slide 4.
  60. ^ Powell 2003.
  61. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 17 2003, paragraphs 118–119.
  62. ^ Hutton 2004, pp. 8, 28.
  63. ^ Hutton 2004, p. 8.
  64. ^ Operations in Iraq 2003, pp. 3, 12.
  65. ^ Chilcot 2016, p. 5.
  66. ^ Uells 2004 yil, p. 39.
  67. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 5 2003, paragraphs 173–175.
  68. ^ Attachment B – Susan Watts' notebook 45 2003, 1-2 bet.
  69. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 8 2003, paragraphs 12–14.
  70. ^ "Day four: Key points". BBC yangiliklari.
  71. ^ Goslett 2018, 1-2 bet.
  72. ^ Uells 2004 yil, 28-30 betlar.
  73. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 4 2003.
  74. ^ Notes made on organiser of the meeting 2003, p. 1.
  75. ^ Uells 2004 yil, p. 31.
  76. ^ Transcript of tape recorded interview 2003, p. 1.
  77. ^ Uells 2004 yil, p. 36.
  78. ^ Radio 4 Today Programme 29/05/03 2003, p. 1.
  79. ^ a b Uells 2004 yil, p. 33.
  80. ^ Marsh 2012 yil, p. 126.
  81. ^ Marsh 2012 yil, p. 127.
  82. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 35 2003, paragraphs 53–54.
  83. ^ Uells 2004 yil, 36-37 betlar.
  84. ^ Hutton 2004, p. 14.
  85. ^ Cohen & Nadler 2009, p. 62.
  86. ^ Hutton 2004, p. 106.
  87. ^ Transcript of tape recorded interview 2003, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  88. ^ Transcript of tape recorded interview 2003, p. 4.
  89. ^ Gilligan 2003, p. 26.
  90. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 10.
  91. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 11.
  92. ^ Vatt 2004 yil, 48-49 betlar.
  93. ^ Goslett 2018, 14-16 betlar.
  94. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 165.
  95. ^ a b v Goslett 2018, p. 17.
  96. ^ a b v Letter Dr Kelly to Dr Wells 30 /06/03 2003, p. 3.
  97. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 19.
  98. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, pp. 166–167, 171.
  99. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 22.
  100. ^ a b Beyker 2007 yil, 171–172 betlar.
  101. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 172.
  102. ^ Vatt 2004 yil, 59-60 betlar.
  103. ^ MOD Statement 2003.
  104. ^ Goslett 2018, pp. 22–26.
  105. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, 174–175 betlar.
  106. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 27.
  107. ^ Dodd 2004, p. 74.
  108. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 175.
  109. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 24 2003.
  110. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, 175-176 betlar.
  111. ^ Goslett 2018, pp. 174, 177.
  112. ^ Goslett 2018, 190-191 betlar.
  113. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 179.
  114. ^ a b Goslett 2018, 42-43 bet.
  115. ^ Vatt 2004 yil, p. 61.
  116. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, 179, 180-betlar.
  117. ^ Hutton 2004, 57-58 betlar.
  118. ^ a b Goslett 2018, p. 42.
  119. ^ a b v Oral evidence, Foreign Affairs Committee 2003.
  120. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 43.
  121. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 37.
  122. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 39.
  123. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 181.
  124. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 46.
  125. ^ Dr Kelly's evidence to ISC 16/07/03 2003, p. 12.
  126. ^ "Rasmlar galereyasi". The Times.
  127. ^ Goslett 2018, 48-49 betlar.
  128. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  129. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 201.
  130. ^ Goslett 2018, 51-52 betlar.
  131. ^ Lewis 2013, 6-7 betlar.
  132. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 24 2003, paragraphs 48–49.
  133. ^ Goslett 2018, 56-57 betlar.
  134. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, 17-18 betlar.
  135. ^ Lewis 2013, 16-17 betlar.
  136. ^ a b "Minister rules out Kelly inquest". BBC.
  137. ^ a b "New suspicion over Kelly death – MP". Guardian.
  138. ^ a b "Doctors demand formal inquest for Dr David Kelly". BBC.
  139. ^ Goslett 2018, 57-59 betlar.
  140. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 11.
  141. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 143.
  142. ^ Goslett 2018, 64, 66-betlar.
  143. ^ a b Lewis 2013, 10-11 betlar.
  144. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 74.
  145. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 56.
  146. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 26 2003.
  147. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, 56-57 betlar.
  148. ^ Hutton Inquiry – Hearing Transcript 33 2003.
  149. ^ Oq va boshq. 2003 yil, p. 1.
  150. ^ Sengupta & Grice 2003, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  151. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 74.
  152. ^ Hutton 2004, p. 1.
  153. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 115.
  154. ^ Rayner & Hope 2010, p. 5.
  155. ^ Vallely 2010, p. 18.
  156. ^ Hunt 2003, pp. 13, 15.
  157. ^ Grice & Sengupta 2003, p. 1.
  158. ^ Sengupta & Peachey 2003, p. 5.
  159. ^ Payne 2003, p. 5.
  160. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, 87-89-betlar.
  161. ^ Goslett 2018, p. 135.
  162. ^ Morris 2003, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  163. ^ Tweedie 2003, p. 6.
  164. ^ Hutton 2004, 1-2 bet.
  165. ^ Hutton 2004, p. 2018-04-02 121 2.
  166. ^ Goslett 2018, 321-324-betlar.
  167. ^ Lewis 2013, p. 166.
  168. ^ a b Beyker 2007 yil, 197-200 betlar.
  169. ^ Rojers 2004 yil, p. men.
  170. ^ Quilligan 2013, p. 169.
  171. ^ Jons 2004 yil, p. 3; Quilligan 2013, 169-170 betlar; Rusbridger 2004, VI-vii-bet.
  172. ^ "The Hutton report: main points". The Times.
  173. ^ Jons 2004 yil, p. 3.
  174. ^ a b Dodd 2013, p. 11.
  175. ^ Halpin, Frost & Sennett 2004.
  176. ^ Drummer et al. 2004 yil, p. 637.
  177. ^ Aaronovitch 2007, p. 17.
  178. ^ Brady & Shields 2007.
  179. ^ "Kelly coroner names hearing date". BBC.
  180. ^ Watt 2011, p. 368.
  181. ^ "Chilcot inquiry: Kelly secrecy ruling". Guardian.
  182. ^ Hirsch 2010, p. 12.
  183. ^ Taylor 2010a.
  184. ^ "Kelly's death may be re-examined". Daily Telegraph.
  185. ^ Taylor 2010b, p. 5.
  186. ^ Hunt 2003, p. 15.
  187. ^ Rawlinson 2017, p. 3.
  188. ^ Burden 2017.
  189. ^ McLean 2006 yil.
  190. ^ "Dexter Dalwood and the Tate Collection". Teyt Ives.
  191. ^ Higgins 2010.
  192. ^ Clark 2015.
  193. ^ Scurr 2015.
  194. ^ Wagner & Brown 2016, p. 358.
  195. ^ Morrison 2007.
  196. ^ Louson 2005 yil.
  197. ^ "The Government Inspector". 4-kanal.
  198. ^ "BBC – Radio 4 Front Row – 30/10/03". BBC.
  199. ^ Billington 2010 yil.
  200. ^ Teylor 2010 yil.
  201. ^ "David Kelly and the BBC". BBC.
  202. ^ "Sunday, October 5". The Times.
  203. ^ Horrocks 2004.
  204. ^ "Television: Friday, February 13". The Times.
  205. ^ "Dr David Kelly: the Conspiracy Files". Radio Times.
  206. ^ "Witness History, The Death of David Kelly". BBC.
  207. ^ "No. 54427". London gazetasi.
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  209. ^ "Dr David Kelly: Controversial death examined". BBC yangiliklari.
  210. ^ Beyker 2007 yil, p. 358.

Manbalar

Kitoblar

Reports, including transcripts and evidence

Jurnallar va jurnallar

  • al-Marashi, Ibrohim (2006 yil iyun). "" Dodgy Dossier: "Buyuk Britaniya hukumatining plagiat hodisasining akademik oqibatlari". Yaqin Sharq tadqiqotlari assotsiatsiyasi byulleteni. 40 (1): 33–43. JSTOR  23062632.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • Buczacki, Stefan (2003 yil kuz). "Doktor Devid Kelli (1965)". Linacre yangiliklari. № 26. 14-15 betlar.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • Barabanchi, Olaf; Forrest, A. Robert V.; Goldberger, Bryus; Karch, Stiven B. (2004 yil 18 sentyabr). "Dock-da sud ekspertizasi: qonda giyohvand moddalarning konsentratsiyasini o'limdan keyingi o'lchovlari". BMJ. 329 (7467): 636–637. JSTOR  25469111.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • Ekev, Rolf (8 sentyabr 2016). "UNSCOM va Iroq darslari". Yadro qurolini tarqatmaslik haqidagi sharh. 23 (1–2): 131–146. doi:10.1080/10736700.2016.1186875.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • Findlay, Trevor (2005 yil sentyabr). "Orqaga qarash: BMTning Monitoring, tekshirish va tekshirish komissiyasi". Bugungi kunda qurollarni nazorat qilish. 35 (7): 45–48. JSTOR  23627820.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
  • "Fors ko'rfazidagi urushdan beri Iroqda IAEA va UNSCOM inspeksiya guruhlari". Bugungi kunda qurollarni nazorat qilish. 23 (3): 29. 1993 yil aprel. JSTOR  23624961.
  • Mangold, Tom (Oktyabr 2008). "Kelli, Devid Kristofer (1944-2003)". Oksford milliy biografiyasining lug'ati. doi:10.1093 / ref: odnb / 92249.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola) (obuna yoki Buyuk Britaniya jamoat kutubxonasiga a'zolik kerak)
  • "№ 54427". London gazetasi. 14 iyun 1996. p. 3.
  • Stone, Richard (2003 yil 25-iyul). "Britaniyalik mutaxassis qurollarni boshqarish bo'yicha ta'sirchan meros qoldirdi". Ilm-fan. 301 (5632): 445, 447. JSTOR  3834650.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)

Yangiliklar

Veb-saytlar

Televizor

  • Germ urushi: Doktor Kellining so'nggi intervyusi (Televizion mahsulot). Besh. 2004 yil 13 fevral.

Qo'shimcha o'qish

Maqolalar
Filmlar va videofilmlar
  • O'likdagi o'lik (2007) Kellining o'limi va global bio-qurol fitnasi o'rtasidagi aloqalarni o'rganib chiqqan tergov hujjatli filmi. Xalqaro teatr tomoshasi va efirga 2008 yilda rejalashtirilgan.
  • Devid Kelli: fitna fayllari (2007) ("Devid Kelli: fitna fayllari". BBC yangiliklari. 2006 yil 7-dekabr. Olingan 16 avgust 2010.) Doktor Kellining o'limi va uning atrofidagi fitnani o'rganadigan BBC hujjatli filmi.
  • 60 daqiqa - sobiq SSSRning chechak kasalligi dasturi va Devid Kellining Sovet va Iroq chechak laboratoriyalarini tekshirishda o'rni