Kindikka madaniy qarashlar - Cultural views on the navel

The kindikning madaniy qarashlari sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Ba'zi madaniyatlarda kindik jinsiy va madaniy ahamiyatga ega deb qaraladi va uning ta'siri turli xil madaniy me'yorlarga bo'ysungan va taqiqlar tushunchalariga asoslanib kamtarlik. Ko'rishlar, Bojxona va modalar vaqti-vaqti bilan kindik o'zgarishi bilan bog'liq bo'lib, aks ettirilganligi sababli bunday ta'sir yanada kengroq qabul qilindi kiyim dizayni.

G'arb madaniyati

Erkak va ayolning jamoatchilik e'tiboriga tushishi midriff yalang'och kindik ba'zan taqiqlangan G'arb madaniyati, ko'rib chiqilmoqda odobsiz yoki odobsiz. Ba'zi yurisdiktsiyalarda taqiqlangan edi.[1] Oxir oqibat, faqat ayollarning kindiklariga ta'sir qilish taqiqlandi, erkaklarga emas, chunki, ayollarda qindan kindikka simulyatsiya yoki yuqoriga siljish odatiy va ravshan bo'lgan.[2]

Jamiyat tushunchalari o'zgardi va bugungi kunda ayol meri va kindikning ta'siri ko'proq qabul qilinmoqda va ba'zi jamiyatlarda yoki sharoitlarda u ham moda, ham odatiy holdir, ammo tanqidchilarisiz. Garchi amerikalik o'spirin qizlar o'zlarining o'rtalarini ochib beradigan ko'ylak kiyishsa-da, bunday kiyimlar ko'pincha o'rta maktablarda va do'konlarda taqiqlanadi. Shuningdek, ish joylari kabi professional sharoitlarda medifani ochib beradigan kiyim kiyish ham noo'rin. Erkak kindigiga ta'sir qilish shunchalik tortishuvli va odatiy bo'lmagan va odatda kontekstda bo'ladi barechestedness. Ayollarning kindikka ta'sir qilishi, odatda, mashhurligi bilan bog'liq bikini, ning tepada va kam qavatli kiyim.

Film

Qo'shma Shtatlarda Kinofilm ishlab chiqarish kodi yoki 1934 yildan keyin amalga oshirilgan Hays kodeksi Gollivud filmlarida ayol kindigiga ta'sir qilishni taqiqladi.[3] The Milliy odob-axloq legioni, Amerika ommaviy axborot vositalarini himoya qiluvchi Rim-katolik tanasi, shuningdek, Gollivudni ayol tanasining ayrim qismlarini, masalan, bikini va past ko'ylaklarni ochib beradigan kiyimlarni Gollivud filmlarida namoyish etilmasligi uchun bosim o'tkazdi.[4]

Frenki Avalon va Annette Funicello uchun reklama fotosuratida ketma-ket ning Plyaj partiyasi filmlar, 1963 yil

1950 yillar davomida, Joan Kollinz tomonidan taqiqlangan tsenzuralar uning kindigini ochishdan Fir'avnlar mamlakati (1955). Tsenzuraning ko'rsatmalaridan o'tish uchun u kindikida marvarid, yoqut taqib yurgan.[5][6] Kim Novak film uchun kindikka yoqut taqinchoq taqqan Janna Eagels (1957); intervyusida "ular har safar uni yopishtirishlari kerak edi. Men bundan dahshatli infektsiyani yuqtirdim" dedi.[7] Merilin Monro, dan sahna uchun Ba'zilarga bu juda yoqadi (1959), terisini hamma joyda ochib beradigan, ammo kindikini yashirish uchun mayda mato bo'lagi bo'lgan kiyim kiygan.[8] (Film Milliy Adolat Legioni tomonidan qoralangan, ammo boshqa sabablarga ko'ra.[9][10])

1960 yillarga kelib, jamoat standartlari o'zgargan. Merilin Monroga kindigini ochishga ruxsat berildi Biror narsa berish kerak (1962) va keyinroq shunday fikr bildirdi: "O'ylaymanki, tsenzuralar barchaning kindigi borligini tan olishga tayyor".[11] Ursula Andress sifatida paydo bo'ladi Honey Rider 1962 yilda Jeyms Bond film, Doktor Yo'q, uning ramziy belgisini kiydi oq bikini, bu uning o'rtasi va kindigini ochib berdi. Biroq, qachon Annette Funicello birinchi plyaj filmida suratga olingan Plyaj partiyasi (1963), Uolt Disney U o'zining shartnomasini tuzgan holda, o'zini yaxshi odamni saqlab qolish uchun faqat kamtarona cho'milish kostyumlarini kiyib, kindikini yopib turishini talab qildi, garchi u filmdagi juda ko'p yosh ayollardan biri bikini kiymagan bo'lsa edi.[12] 1967 yilda filmda Tuyaga ergashing, aktrisa Anita Xarris qorin raqsi ketma-ketligi uchun kindikka marvarid taqib olgan.[13][14]

Ko'p o'tmay, Hays kodeksidan voz kechildi va shu bilan birga ayollarning kindiklariga ta'sir qilishni taqiqlash va boshqa cheklovlar. Milliy odob-axloq legionining ta'siri 1960 yillarga kelib ham susaygan edi. Kodeksning bekor qilinishi va tasniflash rejimining o'zgartirilishi bilan ilgari odobsiz yoki odobsiz deb topilgan inson tanasining ta'sirlanishiga qo'yilgan taqiq bekor qilindi; va u bilan birga vaqt o'tishi bilan tanaga ta'sir qilish darajasi oshib bordi. Yalang'ochlikning umumiy ko'payishi sharoitida kindikning ta'siri munozarali bo'lib qoldi.

1980-yillarning oxirida, Disney Animatsiya qilingan qahramonlar ko'proq terini namoyish qila boshladilar. 1989 yil musiqiy-fantastik filmida Kichkina suv parisi, bosh qahramon, Ariel, faqat qanotlari va dengiz qobig'i sutyenini kiyib, kindikini ochdi, bu Disney tarixida birinchi bo'ldi.[15]

Televizor

Barbara Eden 1960 yilgi teleshoularning reklama fotosuratida Men Janni haqida orzu qilaman

1951 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlar Teleradioeshittirishchilar uchun amaliyot kodeksi kuchga kirdi, bu boshqa narsalardan tashqari Amerika televizorida ayollarning kindik ta'sirini taqiqladi.[16] 1960 yillar davomida, Barbara Eden amerikalik teleshoularda kindigini ko'rsatishga ruxsat berilmagan Men Janni haqida orzu qilaman (1965–70).[17][18] Uning shimlarini kindik ustida kiyish kerak edi, bu esa samarasiz bo'lib qoldi. Uning kindik ta'sirining bir nechta ramkalari sezilmasdan qolgandan so'ng, ular kindikni yashirish uchun mato va teri rangidagi bo'yanish vositalaridan foydalanishga qaror qilishdi.[19] Uning kostyumi kam qavatli bo'lib qoldi (senzurasiz) 1985 yilda[20] va 2013 yilda Barbara Eden ishtirok etdi Hayot to'pi voqea Vena ning xuddi shu kostyumida kiyingan Men Janni haqida orzu qilaman ammo uning kindigini ochib berish.[21][22][23] 1964 yil fevralda, Skandinaviya aviakompaniyalari Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab gazeta va jurnallarda reklama joylashtirdi. Unda sariq sochli, bikini kiyib olgan ayol "Skandinaviyada rafiqangizga nimani namoyish eting" yozuvi ostida tosh ustida suratga tushgan qorin tugmachasini ochib berdi. Ko'pgina nashrlarda paydo bo'lgan rasmda qorin tugmasi olib tashlangan.[24][25]

Cher Misrning seriyali serialidagi sahna uchun kindikini ochib berdi Sonni va Cher shousi, 1977

Birinchi marta televizor seriyasidagi kindikning paydo bo'lishi 1961 yilda sodir bo'lgan Doktor Kildare seriyali.[26][27] Dawn Uells va Tina Luiza ularning kindiklarini ochishga ruxsat berilmagan Gilligan oroli (1964–67).[28] Quduqlarni kiyish kerak edi yuqori belli uning kindigini qoplagan shortilar.[29][30]Uells bergan intervyusida: "Voy ilohim, men bu kalta shimlarning dizaynini yaratdim. Chunki bu televizordagi birinchi qisqa shortilar edi va u kindikimni yopishi kerak edi. Gilligan oroli aslida 60-yillarda tsenzuraga bosh og'rig'i keltirdi. Zanjabil dekolte va Meri Ann Kindikka epizodga atigi 3 soniya ruxsat berildi. "[31] Tsenzura o'tkazib yuborilgan Nichelle Nichols ikkinchi mavsumda kindikini ko'rsatmoqda Yulduzli trek epizod "Oyna, Oyna " (1967).[32] Bunga sabab bo'lgan deb ishonishadi Bjo Trimble bu beparvo bo'lib qoldi.[33] Ning yana bir epizodi Yulduzli trek, "deb nomlanganXususiy kichik urush "(1968), qachon tsenzuradan o'tishga muvaffaq bo'ldi Nensi Kovak Ba'zi tortishishlarda qorin tugmasi yaqqol ko'rinib turardi va uning tepasida joylashgan chekka uni yopmaganida ko'rinib turganidek, zargarlik buyumlari bilan qoplanmagan. 1969 yilda, Mariette Xartli uning qorin tugmachasini ochishga ruxsat berilmagan "Bizning barcha o'tgan kunlarimiz "(1969), so'nggi epizod Gen Roddenberry "s Yulduzli trek. Genning Mariette ichidagi bitta emas, ikkita qorin tugmachasini fosh qilgan ilmiy-fantastik film Ibtido II (1973).[34][35][36][37]

Yilda Sonny & Cher komediya soati (1971–74),[38] tarmoq tsenzuralaridan qo'rqishdi Cher kindik ta'sir a bo'ladi sabab célèbre da CBS.[39] Cher bir paytlar shunday degan edi: "Tsenzuradan o'tgan narsalar juda ko'p edi - g'oyalar va so'zlar. Men bilganim - qorin tugmachasini ko'rsatganim uchun muammoga duch kelganman va har safar efirga chiqqanimdan keyin o'girilib ko'rganimda, Cheril edi. Laddning ko'kraklari. "[40] Odamlar jurnal Cher nomini oldi "Qorin go'zalining kashshofi".[41]

Amerika amaliyot kodeksi 1983 yilda to'xtatilgan.[42][43][44]

Ko'ngil ochish

Madonna 1993 yilda ijro etilgan

1980-yillar

Madaniyatda kindik ta'sir qilish odatiy holga aylandi 20-asr musiqasi, 1980 yildan boshlab ko'plab muvaffaqiyatli ayol yulduzlari bilan[45] Sahnada va sahnada va musiqiy videofilmlarda ularning o'rtasi ochiq bo'lgan, odatda a tepada, shu jumladan Madonna, 1983 yil davomida u qo'shiq uchun videofilmida mesh kiyib olganida tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi "Baxtli yulduz ". Odamlar jurnalining yozishicha, Madonna yalang'och kindikni o'zining savdo belgisiga aylantirgan.[41]

Aktrisa Cher hindlarning malika kiyimlarini 58-yillik yubileyiga kindik atrofida tuklar va munchoqlar bilan kiyib olgan Oskar mukofotlari 1986 yildagi voqea. Kaliforniya - deb ta'kidlagan moda dizayneri Kristin Albers, "tashqi qiyofasi ajoyib tanaga ega bo'lgan har bir kishiga, lekin ayniqsa, oshqozon mashqlarini juda ko'p bajaradigan ayollarga yaxshi".[46]

Pola Abdul qorin tugmasi a baliq tarmog'i ko'zdan kechiradigan kiyim uchun 1989 yilgi videoklipda "Sovuq yurak "[47] va u a bilan paydo bo'ldi tatuirovka qilingan "uchun musiqiy videoda kindikMening Sevgim Haqiqat Uchun "1995 yilda.[48]

Britni Spirs 2003 yilda ijro etgan

1990 va 2000 yillar

1990-yillarning boshlarida Kanadalik qo'shiqchi Shania Tven musiqiy video va spektakllarida meri va kindikni taqiqlovchi kam bo'yli jinsi shimlarda paydo bo'ldi.[49][50][51] Bu mamlakat musiqasining eng ko'p muhokama qilingan qismi va uning savdo belgisiga aylandi.[52][53] Shania bir marta shunday degan edi: "Kimdir menga bir marta:" Agar men sizning tugmachangiz bo'lsa, men ham 8 million albom sotardim ", dedi. Ammo 8 milliondan ortiq albomlarni sotish uchun tugmachadan ko'proq narsa talab etiladi. "[54] Jennifer Lopez sahnada va qizil gilamlarda kindikni ochish tendentsiyasini boshlagan deb ishoniladi.[55] Bu aytilgan Kristina Agilera tarixdagi eng taniqli qorin tugmachasiga ega.[56] Odamlar jurnali "ortida 19 yoshli qaynoq chanteuse"Qiz bola nimani xohlaydi? ', bir vaqtlar sichqonchani yonida Britni Spirs, pop-star chirog'ini qorinni silkitmasdan tortib ololmaysiz. "[57]2001 yilda tahrirlovchilar Britannica Britney Spears-da uning yalang'och o'rtasini buzadigan maqola tayyorladi. Maqolada Miss Spirsning kindigi "go'dak va go'dak o'rtasida qizg'in chegara" sifatida tasvirlangan.[58] U kindik teshish tendentsiyasi uchun katta ilhom manbai bo'lgan.[59] Spin jurnali Madonnaning kindigini 2005 yil sentyabr oyida namoyish etilgan "eng ajoyib" rok yulduzi tanasi qismi sifatida tanladi.[60][61][62] Gregorio Lyuk, sobiq direktor Lotin Amerikasi san'ati muzeyi qorin tugmalari haqida ma'ruzalar olib borganlar, "qorin tugmasi ma'budalardagi kabi go'zallik belgisidir. Astart, Venera yoki Afrodita. Qaysi biri yanada chiroyli ekanligini, mukammal yumaloq qorin tugmachasini so'raymiz Jeyn Fonda yoki Rakel Uelch kofe kindigi donami? Madonnadan tortib to har bir yulduz Shakira mag'rurlik bilan ularning qorin tugmachasini namoyish etadi. "[63][64]

Aksincha, amerikalik kolumnist Ketlin Parker haqida maqolada Katarin Xepbern Bir paytlar u shunday deb izoh berdi: "Bugungi kunda yosh kinoijodkorlar Katarin Xepbernning ko'pchiligiga kirish huquqiga ega emaslar. Buning o'rniga savdo markazlari kuzatuvlariga ko'ra, aksariyati Britni vannalari - kestirib quchoqlagan, tatuirovka qilingan, teshilgan va u erda. Ayol kindigi bu ayolga aylandi muzlatgich odamining qit'a bo'linishi. Men buni sizga yoqishni yomon ko'raman, ey kelajakdagi kelinlar, lekin hamma qorni tugmachasiga ega. Sizning inney yoki outy-nessingiz vahiy yoki inqilob narsasi emas. "[65]

Moda

Ochiq midriff bilan bog'liq tepada, ko'pincha bilan birgalikda kam qavatli kiyim. Kindikni ochishning yana bir usuli bu chuqurlikdir cho'zilgan bo'yinbog ' tabiiy bel chizig'idan pastga tushadigan kiyim yoki yuqori.

A kiygan ayol kesilgan tepa va kam qavatli o'rta va kindikni ochadigan shimlar

Kam qavatli kiyimlar 1990-yillarning boshlarida, ingliz jurnali boshlanganda boshlandi Yuz taniqli Keyt Moss yilda kam qavatli jinsi shimlar 1993 yil mart oyidagi nashrida.[66] Kabi modellar Jizel Byundxen tez-tez ularning o'rtalarini miltillashadi.[67] 1994 yilda, Art Cooper, bosh muharriri GQ Jurnalning ta'kidlashicha, uning katta sotuvchisi 1994 yil fevralda nashr etilgan Geena Devis u kiygan muqovada Armani kindikini ochish uchun kestirib, kostyum ochildi,[68] Taxminan 400 ming nusxada sotilgan. U shunday dedi: "Muvaffaqiyatning bir qismi kindik omilidir. Menimcha, qorin tugmasi erogen zonadir".[69]

Kindik teshish[70] va kindik tatuirovka[71] yosh ayollar orasida keng tarqalgan. Kindikni teshish yoki tatuirovka qilish tendentsiyasi 1990-yillarda ommalashgan.[72] O'rta yoshdagi ayollar orasida mashhurdir.[73][74] Aktrisa Drew Barrymore kindik ostida kapalak tatuirovkasi bor.[75][76] O'sib borayotgan mashhurligi qorin raqsi, bu erda kindik ta'sir qilish odatiy holdir, shuningdek, kindik ta'sirlanish tendentsiyasini qo'shdi.[77]

Aksincha, maslahat kolumnisti Ann Landers "kindiklar shahvoniy ham, odobsiz ham emas. Men hech qanday didga ega bo'lgan ayol kindigi ko'ringan joyda kiyim kiyishiga ishonmayman. Bunga kostyum kiygan ayollar yoki bikinida plyajdagi ayollar kirmaydi. Xuddi shu narsa erkaklarga ham tegishli. Kattalar uchun kiyadigan erkak kestirib huggers shuning uchun lazzat shkalasi bo'yicha minus 10-dan past stavkalar - bu mening fikrim, lekin men bunga qattiq ishonaman. "[78] Moda tarixchisi Jeyms Laver u kindikni ochish g'oyasiga hali etilmaganligini aytib, "Men buni hech qachon odam anatomiyasining o'ziga xos jozibali qismi deb bilmaganman" dedi.[79][80] Kindik modasi 1980-yillarda, Nyu-Yorkda kindikni jamoat oldida ochib qo'yishga qo'yilgan taqiq bekor qilingandan keyin qaytdi.[1]

2010 yildan boshlab, ekinlar rivojlanib, ayollar tomonidan uni a bilan kiyishni boshladilar baland bino kindikni qoplash uchun etarlicha baland bo'lgan yubkalar, jinsi shimlar yoki shortilar.[81][82][83] The banda top shuningdek rasmiy kiyimda ko'rinishga olib keldi, odatda baland bo'yli yubka yoki kindikni qoplaydigan shim. Aktrisa Halle Berri da mos shim kiygan bant kiyib olgan MTV Video Music Awards, uy tashqarisidagi kiyim sifatida bandeau top kiyish tendentsiyasini kuchaytirmoqda.[84] miley cyrus shuningdek, yuqori belli shim bilan kesilgan bandeau kiyib olgan 2014 MTV Video Music mukofotlari[85] va Jurdan Dann mos yubka bilan qora bandeau kiyib olgan.[iqtibos kerak ]

Sport kiyimlari

Suzish kiyimlari

Bolgariya sprinteri Ivet Lalova a sport bikini uning kindik tatuirovkasi bilan
Shuningdek qarang: Bikini tarixi

Urg'ochi kindikning namoyishi. Ning kiritilishi bilan boshlandi bikini tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan 1946 yilda Lui Rard,[86] garchi o'rtani ochib tashlagan, ammo kindikni qoplagan ikki qismli mayo 1930 yillarda paydo bo'lgan. Réard o'zining qisqa dizaynini kiyishga jur'at etadigan model topolmadi, shuning uchun u yolladi Mishelin Bernardini, 19 yoshli yigit yalang'och raqqosa dan Parijdagi Casino, uning modeli sifatida.[87][88] Yangi uslubdagi suzish kostyumini qabul qilish juda sekin edi, hatto o'sha paytda ham bikini plyaj yoki basseyndan tashqarida mos kiyim deb hisoblanmadi. 1960 yillar davomida, Meri Kvant dizaynlarida ochiq kindiklar va yalang'och midrifflar ko'rsatilgan.[89]Erkak kindigining ta'siri 1960 yillarga qadar cheklangan. Suzuvchi kiyim pastki qorni va odatda kindikni qoplagan. Ba'zan suzish kiyimlari kindik ostidan darhol kiyib yurishardi. Suzish kiyimlari uzun oyoqlarga va belning pastki qismiga aylandi. Hodisalarda erkak suzish kiyimlarini na kindik ustida, na tizzadan pastga kiyish mumkin edi Milliy kollegial atletika assotsiatsiyasi (NCAA).[90]

Sport bikini

Cheerleading kiyimlari Dallas Kovboy Cheerleaders

Bikinilar turli xil ayollar sportlari marketingining asosiy tarkibiy qismiga aylandi,[91] va aksariyat ayol sportchilar ko'pincha kiyish sport bikini bu kindikni professional kiyim sifatida ochib beradi. Bolgariya sportchisi Ivet Lalova kindigi atrofidagi "qabila quyoshi" tatuirovkasi bilan tanilgan.[92] Xorvatiya sportchisi Blanka Vlashich kindik teshishi bilan mashhur.[93][94]

Cheerleading

Keyinchalik modalar kiyinish uslublari bilan tobora ommalashib bormoqda sport bralar qo'shimcha kiyimsiz, sport bikini va cheerleading dan kelib chiqqan uslublardan asosan rivojlanayotgan uslublar Dallas Kovboylari Cheerleaders 70-yillarning boshlarida.[95]

Tennis

Ayol tennischilar kortda yoki kindik teshilishini fosh qilishlari bilan tanilgan.[96] Amerikalik tennischi Serena Uilyams Ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan uchrashuv paytida uning qorin tugmachasini teshib qo'yganligi uchun qayd etilgan.[97][98][99]Xuddi shunday, iste'fodagi rossiyalik tennischi Anna Kournikova o'yinlari paytida tez-tez kindik ta'sir qilish bilan mashhur edi.[100][101][102] 2009 yilda nemis jurnaliga intervyu berish uchunDer Spiegel xizmat paytida uning qorin tugmachasini ko'rsatishi haqida so'raganida, u: "Bular erkaklarning buzuqliklari. Nega buni yashirishingiz kerak, kerak emasmi? Ayol plyaj voleybolchilari bikinida o'ynashadi - bu birovni bezovta qiladimi?"[103]Amerikalik ayol golfchi Laura Diaz ga izoh berish Ayollar professional golf assotsiatsiyasi uchun Sport Illustrated "" LPGA ko'pchilik odamlar ayollar sportini sportga qaraganda ko'proq ayollar uchun tomosha qilishini tan olishlari kerak. Hech qachon yakkalik unvoniga sazovor bo'lmagan Anna Kournikova nima uchun ayollar tennisidagi eng mashhur futbolchi bo'lishi mumkin? Bizda juda ko'p bir nechta jozibali ayollar va biz tashqi ko'rinishdan o'z manfaatlarimiz uchun foydalanishimiz kerak. Axir, vaqti-vaqti bilan qorin tugmachasini ko'rishda nima yomon? "[104][105]

Amerika futboli

Jismoniy mashqlar paytida erkaklar tez-tez kam qavatli shortilar bilan ko'ylak kiymaydilar. Amaliyot davomida bu biroz qo'llab-quvvatlandi Amerika futboli, kiyish uchun o'tkazildi kesilgan 1980-yillardagi translyatsiyalar paytida formalar. Qisqartirilgan formalar erkak sportchilar yarim himoyaga qaytguncha 20 yil davomida harakatsiz bo'lib qoldi[106] qulaylik uchun. Biroq, NCAA kindik ta'siriga rasmiy taqiq qo'ydi.[107] The Milliy futbol ligasi uzoq vaqt davomida kindik ta'siriga taqiq qo'ygan (O'shandan beri formalarni tiqib qo'yishni talab qilgan) va taqiqlangan Elliott 2016 yil sentyabr oyida eng yuqori hosil.

O'rta er dengizi, ibroniy va O'rta Sharq madaniyati

Adabiyot va falsafa

A qorin raqqosasi yilda Marakeş yilda Marokash

In Ibroniycha Injil The Qo'shiqlar qo'shig'i ayolning go'zalligining muhim elementi sifatida kindikni ta'kidlaydi.[108][109] Unda sevgi qo'shiqlariga o'xshash tasvirlar mavjud qadimgi Misr adabiyoti.[108] Qo'shiqlarning qo'shig'i 7: 2da shunday deyilgan: "Sizning kindikingiz yumaloq piyola".[110] Kindik zikr etilgan satrdan oldingi oyatda (Qo'shiqlar 7: 1) "sizning dumaloq sonlaringiz zargarlik buyumlariga o'xshaydi, usta qo'lining ishi",[110] ) va quyidagi oyatda "Sizning qorningiz bug'doy uyumidir" deyilgan.[110] Shunday qilib, kindikni davolash ayolning egri chizig'ini tasvirlash o'rtasida matnli joylashtirilgan ko'rinadi son va oshqozon yoki midriff.[109] "Qorin" ham bachadonni taklif qiladi va bachadon tasviri bilan bachadon tasvirining kombinatsiyasi o'rtasidagi bog'liqlikni anglatadi erotizm va unumdorlik kindik va egri sonlarning tasviri orqali.[109] Ushbu parchalar, shuningdek, ayolning o'ziga xos tomoni sifatida egri qorinni va mo''tadillikni va to'laqonlikni nishonlaydi jismoniy jozibadorlik.[109]

Qadimgi O'rta er dengizi, Ibroniycha, Isroillik va Yaqin Sharq dunyoqarash ziyoratgohlar, muhim joylar (shaharlar yoki poytaxtlar kabi) yoki boshqa shu kabi obro'li joylar dunyoda markaziy mavqega ega bo'lganligi va shu sababli bolani tug'adigan, hayot baxsh etadigan onaning kindigiga tenglashtirilganligi haqidagi e'tiqodlar.[111] Ushbu domenlar zamondoshlar muhim deb biladigan narsalarni tashkil etdi obligatsiyalar koinotni bog'laydigan narsa.[111] Shunday qilib Nippur, qadimiy shahar Mesopotamiya aholisi, ko'pincha tasvirlangan[kim tomonidan? ] "kindik" sifatida.[111] Ushbu foydalanish joyning mashhurligi va uning markazlashgan joy sifatida ishlashi va er bilan osmon va koinot o'rtasidagi bog'lovchi vosita sifatida ifodalangan.[111] Qadimgi Yunonlar konusning toshini ko'rib chiqdi Omfalos ("kindik" ma'nosini anglatadi) joylashgan Delphi erning markazi sifatida.[111]

Shunga o'xshash nuqtai nazardan, Yahudiy Midrashim davlat: "Xudo dunyoni an kabi yaratdi embrion. Embrion kindikdan boshlanib, o'sha paytdan boshlab o'sishda davom etayotgani kabi, dunyo ham. Muborak Muborak, dunyoni kindikdan boshladi. U erdan u erga va boshqa tomonga cho'zilgan. Uning kindigi qayerda? Quddus. Va uning (Quddusning) kindigi o'zi? Qurbongoh. "[111][112] Ushbu parcha qadimiy Quddus shahri va The qurbongohining markaziyligini ifodalaydi qadimgi Quddus ma'badi onaning kindigiga va hayot manbaiga tenglashtirilgan kosmik doirada.[111] Shunga o'xshash tushunchalar Yubileylar kitobi 8:19 va Xanox kitobi 26: 1 tasvirlangan Sion tog'i "Yerning kindik markazi" sifatida.[111] Samariyalik an'ana ko'radi Gerizim tog'i erning kindigi kabi, unda suvga botmagan yagona joy toshqin hisobida Nuh kemasi.[111] "Erning kindigi" iborasi uchraydi (Hizq 38:12; Hukm 9:37) Oromiy tibbur ("kindik") va kontseptsiya Hizq 16: 4 da takrorlanadi.[111] Samariyaliklarning an'analariga ko'ra, Xudo yaratgan Odam Gerizim tog'ining changidan.[113][tekshirish uchun kotirovka kerak ] The qorin raqsi O'rta er dengizi va Yaqin Sharq madaniyati an'analari ham kindikni nishonlaydi.[114] Qachon Papa Urban II uchun (1095) deb nomlangan Birinchi salib yurishi, u Quddusni shunday deb atagan "dunyoning kindigi".[115]

Taqiqlar va qarama-qarshiliklar

Misrda ochiq joyda kindik bilan raqsga tushish noqonuniy hisoblanadi, shuning uchun ko'plab raqqoslar terisini yopish uchun tanadan paypoq yoki to'r kiyishadi.[116] Misrlik Rubi ismli qiz ayolning kindigi paydo bo'lganda videokliplarga taqiq qo'yish uchun parlament a'zolari va televidenie organlarini xafa qildi.[117][118]

Hind madaniyati

Qadimgi zamonlar

Didarganj Yakshi, kindikni ochadigan kiyimdagi ayolning haykali.

G'arb nisbatan qarshilik ko'rsatgan bo'lsa-da midriff 1980-yillarga qadar kiyim-kechak, hind ayollari bilan uzoq vaqtdan beri moda bo'lib kelgan.[119] Bu ayollar, ayniqsa Janubiy Hindiston, an'anaviy ravishda kiyib yurishgan saris bu o'rtachani yalang'ochlagan.[120][121] Ayollar Rajastan kiyish paytida midriffni ochiq qoldiring Gagra Cholis.[122] Ushbu ayollar ko'pincha boshlarini yopadilar dupattalar,[123] va begonalar oldida yuzlarini yopishi mumkin gunxatlar. Hindistonda diniy din bilan bog'liqki, kindik baring tug'ilish va hayot bilan ramziy, deyarli tasavvufiy aloqaga ega va displey tabiatni tarbiyalash rolida tabiatning markaziyligini ta'kidlash uchun mo'ljallangan.[124] Qadimgi hind an'analarida xudoning kindigi Vishnu koinotning markazi va hayot manbai deb hisoblanadi.[125] Uning kindigidan yangi dunyo paydo bo'ladi. Bu ko'plab qadimiy hind haykallarida qaysi xudo kindikdan chiqayotgan lotus sifatida tasvirlangan Braxma o'tirgan.[126][127]

Garchi qadimgi Hindistonda ayollar mediaga to'sqinlik qiladigan sari kiyishgan bo'lsa ham, Dharmasastra yozuvchilar ayollarning kindigi hech qachon ko'rinmaydigan darajada kiyinishi kerakligini ta'kidladilar,[128] va kindik ta'sir qilish tabuga aylandi.[129] Kindikni ochish tendentsiyasini raqqoslar, akrobatlar yoki ko'ngil ochadigan ayollar boshladilar va oyoqlarning erkin harakatlanishiga ko'maklashish uchun sari kindikdan ancha pastda shim kabi kiyish texnikasini ishlab chiqdilar.[130] Ushbu turdagi kiyimdagi ayollar ko'plab qadimiy hind haykallarida juda keng tarqalgan,[131] va rasmlar.[132]

Hind haykali ayolning kindigi tasviridan kelib chiqadigan markaziylik va shahvoniylikni ta'kidladi. Eng ajoyib misollardan biri bo'ladi Didarganj Yakshi, paytida qilingan ayol haykali Mauryan davr. O'yilgan qumtosh, bu tabiiy nashrida beradi, bu erda kindik tanani markaziga chuqur singdirib, tomoshabinning diqqatini jalb qiladi.[133] Haykaltaroshlikdan oldin haykaltaroshlar tasvirni yaratdilar va Yoga tamoyillari bilan belgilanadigan kindik bitta bo'lgan oltita tizimli markazni ko'rsatdilar.[134] Texnik jihatdan qadimgi hind san'atidagi odatdagi ayol vakili an soat soati katta bilan kestirib, ko'krak va dumba va chuqur kindik.[135] Hindistonga ko'ra fiziognomiya, agar ayolning kindigi chuqur bo'lsa, u mashhur va eri tomonidan sevilgan. Keng, go'shtli, sayoz kindik omadli ayolni anglatadi. Chuqur kindigi bo'lgan, o'ng tomoniga aylanadigan ayol xayrli deb hisoblanadi va farovon hayot kechirishi kutilmoqda.[136][137] Mashhur hind rassomi M. F. Husain bir marta "Qorin tugmachasi doimo ichkarida bo'lgan. Bu hind ayolining ichki qismi bo'lgan. Bu juda ko'p asrlarga borib taqaladigan hind haykallarining bir qismi edi. Shuning uchun ham ko'p yillar oldin, hatto 50-yillarda ham mening barcha asarlarimda ayollarning qorin tugmachalari ko'rsatilardi. "[138][139][140]

So'nggi paytlar

Turli mamlakatlarga ko'chib o'tishlari bilan ko'plab hindistonlik ayollar bellarini pastki qismida normal sari kiyib, kindiklarini " kam qavatli yoki past kestirib, sari.[141][142][143] Ushbu tendentsiya 1950-yillarda, sarilarni kindik ostiga kiyib olganida, katta egiluvchanlik bilan, tananing egri bo'ylab mahkam o'ralgan.[144] Sababli liberallashtirish va o'zgaruvchan global bozorlar, sari erotik kiyim sifatida qayta tiklanmoqda.[145][146] Natijada, sarilar har xil materiallardan foydalangan holda, masalan, shaffof va yarim shaffof sarilarni innovatsion usulda ishlab chiqa boshladilar toza matolar kabi shifon.[147][148][149] Ushbu zamonaviy sari turli yo'llar bilan o'ralgan bo'lishi mumkin,[150] kabi a kamzul kindik ostidan, pubik qismdan taxminan 10-13 sm (4-5 dyuym) atrofida bog'lab qo'yilgan va mayda ko'ylak pastki qismida tugaydi ko'krak ingichka bilan pallu ning bir qismini ochib berish bluza va deyarli butun midriff.[151] 2012 yil sentyabr oyida, The New York Times hind merosiga ega bo'lgan ayolning kindik qismini a-da aks ettirgan tasviri bilan to'y e'lonini namoyish etdi gagra choli birinchi marta.[152][153] Ushbu uslub tomonidan ommalashtirildi Bollivud taniqli shaxslar[154] kabi boshqa mashhur mintaqaviy kino sanoatlari Tamilcha va Telugu kinosi.[155][156][157][158] Qadimgi hind urf-odatlarida Lordning kindigi Vishnu hayot va ijod manbai deb hisoblanadi. Ichkarida kindikning deyarli biron bir jozibasi bor Hindiston, chunki u tug'ilish va hayotning ramzi deb hisoblanadi. Bu degani qadimgi Hindistonda ayollar kiyishadi sari bu ularning o'rtalarini to'sib qo'ydi.[159]

Hindiston televideniesi aktyorlari ko'proq terini, shu jumladan kindikni ochadigan sarilar kiyib, tomoshabinlar uslublarini taqlid qilishgan.[160]

Ba'zi ayollar kindik taqinchoqlarini yoki kindik teshilishi kindikni ta'kidlash va jozibadorligini oshirish.[155][161][162] Boshqa variant ishlatilmoqda bindis kindikni bezash.[163][164][165] Kabi shaharlarda kindik yaqinidagi yoki ostidagi tatuirovkalar ommalashib bormoqda Pune 2012 yil boshida.[166] Aktrisalar Mandira Bedi va Chxavi Mittal kindiklariga xos tatuirovkalari bilan tanilgan.[167][168][169]

Ba'zan past balandlikdagi uslub o'zgaradi, kam qavatli shaffof bo'lmagan sariy kiyganda kindik pallu bilan qoplanadi. Hindistondagi ba'zi korporatsiyalarda sarilarni kindik ta'siridan saqlanadigan tarzda kiyish talab etiladi.[170] Anita Gupta, katta vitse-prezident J. Uolter Tompson yilda Chennay ayollarning rasmiy kiyimi kindikni ochmasligi kerak, deb izohladi.[171]

Hind kinosi

Hindistonlik aktrisalar o'zlarining kindiklarini plyonkada ochish amaliyoti bilan tasalli berishdi, dekolte namoyish etishdan va uni tortishuvsiz deb atashni afzal ko'rishdi.[172][173]

Janubiy hind

Kabi janubiy hind aktrisalari Ipak Smita, Simran, Kiran Rathod, Namitha, Trisha Krishnan, Anushka Shetti, Shriya Saran, Sadha, Ileana D'Kruz, Kajal Aggarval, Mumtaj, Taapsee Pannu, Shruti Xasan, Tamannaah, Samanta Rut Prabxu, Nayantara, Shveta Menon, Mamta Mohandas va boshqalar, kindik ta'sirida tanilgan.[172][174][175] Kabi aktrisalar Ileana D'Kruz, Tamannaah, Shriya Saran, Trisha Krishnan va hokazo, ularning tanqisligini ochish bilan mashhur o'rtachilar qo'shiqlar ketma-ketligida.[176][177]

Tamil kinosi

1990-yillarda ayol qahramonning kindigiga qaratilgan sahnalar keng tarqalgan Tamil kinosi.[178] Aktrisa Sukanya 1992 yilgi filmdagi sahnasi bilan mashhur bo'ldi Chinna Gounder, bu erda asosiy qahramon ayol qahramonning kindigiga tepa aylantiradi.[179][180][181] 1993 yilgi film Janob qo'shiq ketma-ketligidagi ayol qahramonning kindigi qilich bilan sanchilgan sahnani namoyish etdi.[182] 1996 yilda aktrisa Nagma a aktyorligi bilan tanilgan ovqat o'ynash tamil filmidagi sahna Sevgi qushlari bu erkak qahramonning tuxumni sindirib, uni kindik qismida pishirishidan iborat[183][184][185] sahnaga o'xshash edi Issiq zarbalar! (1991) o'z ichiga olgan Valeriya Golino.[186] 2000-yillarning boshlarida Simran Bagga filmlaridagi kindik ta'sirida tanilgan. Uning teshilgan kindigi, shuningdek, 2002 yilgi film uchun ko'plab yoshlarni kinoteatrga jalb qildi Pammal K. Sambandam. 2005 yilda, Trisha Krishnan filmda qorin va kindikni fosh qildi Tirupaachi uni Janubiy Hindiston kinematografiyasining kindik malikasi qildi Isha (2015), kino tanqidchisi Baradvaj Rangan aytgan "Sulagna ko'zlari yoki sehrli tabassumi tufayli emas, balki yaqin atrofga duch kelganida kindiklari titrab turishi tufayli tanlangan ma'lum bir davr qahramonlarini yodga soladi. "[187] Kinoshunos Sudhir Srinivasan 2016 yilgi film uchun obzorda yozgan Aranmanai 2, "Qahramonning kindigiga mahkamlagandan ko'ra, yangi voqea sodir bo'lgan dahshatli voqeani tayyorlashga urg'u beriladi."[188]

Telugu kinosi

Janubiy Hindiston kino sanoatidan, Telugu kinosi aktrisalar tez-tez kindiklarini ochib berishadi.[175][189][190] Filmshunos Mahesh Keti Telugu kinoteatri qadimgi "kindikni sevish" tarixiga ega ekanligini ta'kidlab, qadimgi Janubiy Hindiston ibodatxonasi me'morchiligiga iqtibos keltirgan, ularda o'zlarining naqshlaridagi kindiklarning ko'plab ko'rgazmali tasvirlari aks etgan va bunday displeylarni "Janubiy hind estetik sezgirligi" deb atagan. U davom etdi: "Kinematika nuqtai nazaridan, dekolte - bu shunchaki ko'krakka qarash, kindik ayolning butun hissiyotini qamrab oladi.[191] 1978 yilgi film Maro Charitra birinchi bo'lib ayol qahramonning kindik qismida tepa aylanadigan sahnani namoyish etdi.[192]

Veteran Telugu kinorejissyori Kovelamudi Raghavendra Rao Filmlar har doim qahramonlarning kindik namoyishini kafolatlaydi.[193] U har qanday kadrga qahramonning kindigini qo'shib qo'ygan[194] va uni qo'shiq ketma-ketligida, masalan, kindikka suv, gullar, mevalar, muz kuplari tushirish kabi holatlarda ishlating.[195] Taniqli telugu aktyori va rejissyori Dasari Narayana Rao Bir paytlar u shunday degan edi: "Qahramon ayol o'zining ichki boyligini ko'rsatish uchun uning pallusini ozgina olib tashlaganini ko'rganingizda, Ragahvendra Rao uni ekranda namoyish etadigan badiiy uslubi uchun bundan uyalmaysiz. Ayniqsa, qahramonlarning kindiklari eng chiroyli ko'rinadi uning filmlarida. "[196][197][198] Telugu aktyori va siyosatchisi Chiranjeevi teledasturida shunday izoh bergan edi: "Agar mevalar haqida bilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, rejissyor K. Raghavendra Rao bilan bitta film suratga olishingiz kerak. U barcha mevalarni qahramonning kindigi (boddu) atrofiga qo'yar edi".[199][200]2016 yilda aktrisa Pragya Jaysval Raghavendra Raodan qo'shiq ketma-ketligi sifatida kindik qismida mevalar va gullar bilan suratga olishni so'ragan edi. U intervyusida "Mana bu KRR ser bilan otishmaning uchinchi kuni va biz qo'shiqni konservalashyapmiz. Ammo aslida u mening kindigimga yoki belimga hech qanday gul yoki meva tashlamayapti, shuning uchun men jasorat bilan uni urishini so'radim mening kindikim ular bilan "[201][202]

2013 yil Telugu filmi Action 3D ayol qahramonning kindik qismidagi ramziy harakatlari aks etgan qo'shiq bilan Raghavendra Raoga hurmat bajo keltirdi.[203][204][205]2012 yil Telugu firibgarligi filmidagi qo'shiqlar ketma-ketligi Sudigadu asosiy qahramon tarvuz va oshqovoqni ayol qahramonning kindik qismiga tashlab qo'yganligi.[206][207]Aktrisa Monal Gajjar sahnada harakat qilgan kishi intervyu bergan edi: "Qahramon uni qornimga uloqtirganda, men g'alati ovoz bilan baqirishim kerak edi va ular menga ular haqiqiy emas, barchasi o'yinchoq mevalar", dedi.[208]

Bollivud

Priyanka Chopra Mijvan moda namoyishi uchun rampada

Ning ayol raqqosalari Bollivud Amrapali (1966) dan beri har doim o'z kindiklarini ochib berishgan,[209][210][211] ularga qaratilgan kameralar bilan.[212][213][214] 1968 yilda Bollivud filmida Brahmachari, aktrisa Mumtaz Shararaning sarida kindigini ko'rsatayotganida ko'rindi[140][172][215] "Aaj kal tere mere" qo'shiq va raqs raqami uchun.[216] Shararada uzunroq kofta bor, u o'ziga xos bo'lingan etek tagiga ega, u kamroq oqimga ega lehenga. U bo'shashgan shim kabi tizzagacha etib boradi, u erda u yonib ketadi. Sarining o'ziga xos uslubi nihoyatda mashhur bo'lib, unga Mumtaz Sari nomi berildi.[217][218] 1981 yilgi film Ek Duuje Ke Liye, 1978 yilgi remeyk Maro Charitra bilan "tepada aylanayotgan kindik" sahnasi takrorlangan Rati Agnihotri.[219][220][221][222] U intervyusida "Bugun, kimdir mendan tepalikni qanday qilib muvozanatlashtirganimni so'raganda, menda javob yo'q, o'sha kunlarda bizda monitorlar yo'q edi, juda ko'p mashg'ulotlar yoki takroriy mashg'ulotlar. Men mendan kutilgan narsani qildim, bu maktabdagi dramatik kunga o'xshaydi, deb aytdim, faqat sahna o'rniga men kameraga duch keldim".[223] Film Xalnayak (1993) qo'shig'i bilan mashhur bo'lgan "Choli ke Peeche "xususiyatli Madhuri Dixit kindik ochadigan kiyimda.[224] 2003 yilda filmda Jism, aktrisa Bipasha basu paydo bo'ldi old o'yin uning kindik qismida muz kub bilan tasvirlangan sahna.[212][225] Aktrisa Ayshvariya Ray a-da kindigini namoyish qildi brokar choli va cho'mdirilgan gagra hit qo'shiq uchun "Kajra Re "filmida Bunty Aur Babli (2005).[226][227][228][229] Katrina Kayf uchun kindigini namoyish etgan raqs chiqishlari bilan mashhur bo'ldi mahsulot raqami Sheila Ki Javani 2010 yilgi film uchun Tees Maar Khan.[211][230] Film tanqidchisi Baradvaj Rangan o'z blogida film uchun obzorida shunday deb yozgan edi: "Katrina Kayf o'z hayotini o'ziga xos ko'rinishga ega bo'lgan qorin tugmachasini ochib, Sheela ki jawani qo'shiqlari ketma-ketligida yaxshi suratga olingan, yaxshi kiritilgan".[231] 2011 yilgi film uchun Nopok rasm, aktrisa Vidya Balan uning kindikiga qo'yilgan tuxum omletga aylanadigan sahnada harakat qilgan.[232] U intervyusida: "Kulgini jilovlash qiyin edi, Milan meni bu obrazga jalb qilish uchun kutar edi, chunki bularning barchasi o'sha paytdagi" Ipak "fenomeni uchun qo'shiq va raqsning bir qismi edi".[233] Yaqinda, Raxi Savant 2012 yilgi film uchun "Latto Ghuma Re Chora" qo'shiq qo'shig'ida paydo bo'ldi Raxtbeej unda tepasi uning o'rtasi va kindikiga o'ralgan. U intervyusida filmni suratga olish og'riqli bo'lganini aytdi, chunki rejissyor o'zining o'rtasiga 30 marta o'tkir uchini aylantirdi.[234][235] Kareena Kapur, Katrina Kayf, Deepika Padukone va Priyanka Chopra - Bollivudning eng issiq kindik va yarim himoyachi malikalari. Ular bollivudning hayoliy to'rtligi sifatida ham tanilgan Richa Chadda otish paytida undan kindigini ochib berishni so'ragan voqeaga izoh bergan edi yuqori belli shim.[236][237]


Bengal kinoteatri

Kindik madaniyati Bengali sanoatida o'rtacha darajada mashhur. So'nggi o'n yil ichida u ommalashdi. 1990 yillar davomida aktrisalar yoqadi Rituparna Sengupta, Rachana Banerji, Indrani Xolder va boshqalar asosan kindiklarini sariqlarda namoyish qila boshladilar. Aktrisa Rituparna Sengupta so'nggi paytlarda ham kindigini ko'rsatmoqda. Yaqinda filmlarida uning kindigi tez-tez uchrab turardi ... Aktrisa Koel Mallick uzoq vaqt davomida kindikini yashirgan, ammo filmda Arundhati (2014 film) u qornini to'liq ochdi va kindikini ko'rsatdi, bu esa muxlislar orasida bo'ron yaratdi. Ammo u ushbu filmdan keyin yana kindikini ochmagan edi. Aktrisa Sreelekha Mitra filmda yalang'och qorin namoyishi qildi Ashchorjyo Prodeep, sahnada u bluzka va mayda ko'ylagi kiygan va qorni yalang'och edi. So'nggi paytlarda aktrisa Raima Sen ikki marta kindigini namoyish qildi. Roga Howar Sohoj Upay filmida Raima sahnada pastki qorin yog'ini tekshirish uchun sariyog'ini olib tashlaydi va pastki qornini bir qo'li bilan ushlaydi, kindigi yaqindan ko'rinadi. Veb-seriyada Salom (veb-seriya) 1-fasl, bir qismda, Raima karavotida sariyog 'pallasini olib tashlagan holda yotganida va uning eri qornida o'ynab yurganida, Raima kindikka ishora qilib, uning ostida tatuirovka qilishni xohlayotganini aytmoqda ammo eri bunga qarshi. Aktrisa Arunima Ghosh filmida bir-ikki kindik baring qo'shiqlarini ijro etgan Bonku Babu va Eagoler Chox. Svastika Mukherji filmida uning kindigini ko'rsatdi Shaheb Bibi Golam va veb-seriyalarda Dupur Thakurpo. Aktrisa Subhashree Ganguli so'nggi sakkiz yil ichida ko'p marta kindigini fosh qildi. U singari kinofilmlarda kindikini ochdi Boss (2013 y. Bengal filmi), Romeo (2011 yil film), Bachchan (2014 film) va ayniqsa filmda Prem Ki Bujhini bu erda qahramonning bexosdan kindik namoyishi tufayli qahramon ko'pincha chalg'itardi. Subhashree ayniqsa kindikini o'ta past belli ko'ylaklarda namoyish etishi bilan tanilgan, bu erda pastki qornining kattaroq qismi ham ko'rsatilgan, ammo turmushga chiqqandan keyin u o'zining foshligini kamaytirgan. Endi u kamdan-kam hollarda kindiklarini ochib beradi. Aktrisa Nusrat Jahon kariyerasining boshidanoq, kindik namoyishi bilan muntazam ravishda, hatto turmushga chiqqandan keyin ham kindikini ko'rsatishda davom etmoqda. Filmda Xiladi (2013 film) aktrisa qasddan pallasini tashlab, kindigini ko'rsatib qahramonni masxara qiladi. Boshqa taniqli aktrisa Mimi Chakraborti so'nggi 2-3 yil ichida uning qorin tugmachasini ham fosh qila boshladi. Ilgari u kindigini ko'rsata olmagan va har doim yopiq holda saqlagan. Ammo filmdan Jami Dadagiri u kino qo'shiqlarida ko'ylaklarni ko'rsatadigan qorin kiyib yurganida kindik namoyish qilishni boshladi. Biroz vaqt o'tgach, u pastki qornida tukli zarbni tatuirovka qildi, bu voqeadan keyin u o'zining tatuirovkasini ko'rsatish uchun asosan kino va fotosessiyalarda namoyish etiladigan to'la kindikni boshladi. Yaqinda suratga tushgan fotosuratlarning aksariyat qismida uning kindigini ko'rish mumkin ... Bengaliyalik aktrisa Srabanti Chatterji u umuman boshqacha, u shu paytgacha kindigini yashirib kelgan. Bog' Bandi Xela filmining faqat bitta qo'shig'ida uning pallusi uchib ketadi va kindigi bir necha soniya davomida ochiq qoladi, bu uning bugungi kungacha birinchi va oxirgi kindik namoyishi. Aktrisa Madxumita Sarkar filmda uning kindigini ko'rsatdi Aaj Kal Porshuni seving. Madhumita so'nggi paytlarda to'laqonli kindikni namoyish qila boshladi, chunki uning ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi deyarli barcha postlarida uning kindigi aniq ko'rinib turibdi .. Aktrisa Ritabhari Chakraborti Shuningdek, kindikni tonikli abs va asosan o'ta past belli ko'ylaklarda ochish bilan tanilgan .. Bibriti Chatterji va boshqa aktrisalar Rii Sen suratlarida kindik teshilishlarini yo'q qilish bilan mashhur. Aktrisalardan tashqari Paoli to'g'oni, Sayantika Banerji, Tanusree Chakraborty, Kushani Muxerji, Rittika Sen vaqti-vaqti bilan kindik ta'sirini o'tkazdi.

Qarama-qarshiliklar

The Hindistonning senzura kengashi uchun Hind kinosi "qo'pol" ingl. Ko'rgazmada ba'zi cheklovlarni yaratdi, masalan, kindikning zoom tortishishlarini cheklash, kindikni o'pish, kindik va belni siqish. U 1990-yillarda amalga oshirilgan.[238][sahifa kerak ][239][240][241] Ko'pgina filmlar kindik sahnalari uchun tsenzurani qisqartirishga duch keldi.[242][243][244][245]

Ko'pgina aktyorlar kindikni ko'rsatish va ta'kidlash to'g'risida turli xil fikrlarni bildirishgan. Ba'zilar Gollivud filmlari bilan taqqoslaganda mo'rt yoki kindikni namoyish qilishni fosh qilish mumkin emas deb hisoblashadi.[246] Aktrisa Shilpa Shetti "Agar kindikni ko'rsatish odobsizlik bo'lsa, unda bizning hindlarning an'anaviy kiyimimiz - an'anaviy sari birinchi navbatda taqiqlanishi kerak".[247] Aktrisa, BJP a'zosi va CBFC a'zosi Jeevitha raqamlar haqida so'zlar ekan, "Raqslar yaxshi, lekin qizlarga qo'pol kiyinish kerak emas. Ular etak kiyishlari mumkin, lekin kindik ostidan juda ko'p emas" deb aytilgan.[248][249] Telugu kinorejissyori Krishna Vamsi "Barcha kinoijodkorlar senzurada muammolarga duch kelmoqdalar. Ba'zida ular boshqa filmlarda ayolning kindigini ko'rsatishga qarshilik ko'rsatishadi. Biz hatto ularni so'roq qila olmaymiz. Tsenzuralar bizga yozma ravishda umumiy qoidalar berishlari kerak. qaroriga ko'ra ularning xohish-irodasiga ko'ra qaror qabul qilish o'rniga, nima ruxsat etiladi va nimaga yo'l qo'yilmaydi. "[250] Aktyor R. Madhavan izoh berdi: "Men tez-tez ba'zi bir suratga olgan filmlarimni ko'rishdan xijolat bo'ldim. ... ba'zi filmlarda raqs tushayotgan qahramonning kindikidan o'payotganimni ko'rsam, uyalaman".[251] Aktrisa Taapsee Pannu izoh berdi: "Men kindik haddan tashqari baholanganiga ishonaman. Menimcha, shahvoniylikni boshqa yo'llar bilan ham ifodalash mumkin".[191] Bengaliyalik aktrisa Svastika Mukherji dedi: "Men juda qulay emasman, garchi kiyishga harakat qilsam ham lehenga choli mening kindigimga tayoq bilan. "[173] Ko'plab aktrisalar kindiklarini kiyib yashirishni afzal ko'rishgan trikinis plyaj yoki hovuz manzaralari uchun.[252][253]

Yapon madaniyati

Itū kech haykalchasi Jōmon davri chuqur chuqurlik bilan ko'rsatilgan kindik bilan.

Dastlabki paytlar

Yapon ayollari an'anaviy yapon raqsini ijro etishmoqda Yosakoi Yosakoi Matsuri 2006 yildagi kindik ochadigan kiyimda Kōchi

Japan has long had a special regard for the navel. Erta davomida Jōmon davri in northern Japan, three small balls indicating the breasts and navel were pasted onto flat clay objects to represent the female body. The navel was exaggerated in size, informed by the belief that the navel symbolizes the center of where life begins. On many middle Jomon figurines, the significance of the navel was emphasized with an indentation or hole. Sometimes, the importance of the navel was further enhanced by connecting with a line from the navel towards the chest.[254] Early Japanese poems feature many references to the female navel. In some, the word kindik actually refers to an indentation or hole instead of the belly button.[255][256] The shape of the umbilicus of a newborn baby would be discussed at length. If a baby's navel points downward, the parents would brace themselves for a weakling child who will bring them woe. Momaqaldiroq xudosi Rayjin, with his terrifying drums, great horns, and long tusks, was said to have an insatiable appetite for young navels, and mothers had to nag their youngsters constantly to keep themselves well covered up.[257] Due to the mythology, navel exposure was not encouraged in the earlier times. The traditional clothing of Japanese women has a wide cloth belt around the midriff to protect the belly and keep it warm. The Japanese believe the belly is the source of person's warmth and that the perfect navel is an innie.[258]

Zamonaviy vaqt

Although navel exposure has become a recent trend in fashion in Japan, annual Heso Matsuri ("belly button festivals")[259] have been held in Japan since the late 1960s. Ning an'anasi Xokkaydo Heso Odori ("belly button dance") began in 1968.[260] Dancers make their heso ("belly button") into a face, using paint, special costumes, and props. Many variations of the dance have been developed, leading to competitions among dancers, who compete for prizes in various categories.[261][262][263][264]

A similar type festival is held at Shibukava, Tokioning shimolida. The idea was formed based on the location of Shibukawa, which is also referred to as the "Belly Button of Japan". The festival is based on a traditional Japanese form of entertainment where revelers paint a face on their torsos and stomachs to appear as a head. A kimono is wrapped around the waist, and the person's real head is hidden by a large cloth hat. The belly button is traditionally painted into a mouth. In recent years, modern motifs and Japanese anime designs have appeared in the festival.[265][266]

Shri-Lanka madaniyati

7-asr Sigiriya frescoes depicting women in navel-exposed attire

Qadimgi zamonlar

Sinhalese women performing a traditional Sri Lankan dance in navel-exposing attire

Sigiriya frescoes depict royal ladies wearing cloth draped as a dhoti, tied in a knot at the front and pulled down to expose the navel. They wear pleated robes from the waist upwards, as well a necklace, armlets, wristlets, ear and hair ornaments, and display their breasts. The ladies in waiting wear waist clothes, a few ornaments and a firm thanapatiya ("breast bandage").[267]

In the Sinhalese poetic work Kaviyasekara, a father advises his married daughter as to proper clothing, "Dress your garment above your navel, without exposing the fair bosom, and expose not your teeth in laughing."[268]

Uning ishida Daily Code for the Laity (1898), the Buddhist leader Anagarika Dharmapala wrote that a sari blouse must be long, fully covering a woman's breasts, midriff, navel, and back.[269]

So'nggi paytlar

In the 1980s and 1990s, a visible navel was very rare. By the late 1990s, the Bollywood connection and the media and technological changes that occurred in India had influenced Sri Lanka's fashion outlook, with the navel becoming a focus in the modern Sri Lankan wardrobe.[270] Sri Lankan films commonly depict the women of the country's earliest history as scantily clad with exposed navels, and the country has become more open to the topic in general.[270] In Nov 2015, Western Province Chief Minister Isura Devapriya stated that a school dress code for students and teachers would be issued requiring that the navel be covered. However, the Ceylon Teachers Union President Joseph Stalin condemned it and commented, "We condemn this statement. It is an anachronistic proposal. We see nothing wrong with teachers wearing sarees below the belly button. It may be that there is something wrong with Mr. Devapriya’s eye sight. We like to ask the Chief Minister whether the belly button is the main concern facing the education sector in the Western Province".[271]

Indoneziya madaniyati

Agnez Mo in navel exposing attire at the 2004 AMI mukofotlari

2004 yilda, Indoneziya Prezidenti Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono spoke out against exposed navels, saying, "Indonesian women, who are known for their courtesy, should refrain from exposing their midriffs or belly buttons, which now seems to be taken for granted. There are many ways to express beauty, as part of aesthetics, and to express freedom but not by showing things that lead to pornography." He further added that while the state could not dictate dress codes, citizens were expected to respect the country's moral values and courtesy. A week later, a cabinet minister quoted Yudhoyono as saying that he felt "disturbed and uneasy" to see television shows in which women exposed their navels.[272][273]

In 2006, Agus Suwage, an Indonesian artist, installed his Pinkswing Park exhibit at Jakarta 's international biennale.The exhibit was surrounded by massive panels with multiple pictures of a near-naked man and woman frolicking in a park. Within days of the exhibition's launch, Islamic fundamentalists had descended on the biennale, forcing its closure and demanding prosecutions. At first police claimed his work blasphemed the story of Odam Ato va Momo Havo; a few weeks later they told Suwage he faced five years in jail for producing pornography. The Indonesian parliament decided to introduce a sweeping anti-pornography law. The law imposes a rigid social template; couples who kiss in public will face up to five years' jail, as would anyone flaunting a "sensual body part"—including their navel—and tight clothing will be outlawed.[274][275][276] Due to this new anti-pornography law, topless bathing and surfing on the beaches of Bali, a common practice among tourists, would also be prohibited. The law would also affect older tribal women, who often still walk topless.[275][277][278] The introduction of a bill was attacked by women's rights campaigners in the country, who fear it is the first step towards the implementation of Islamic Shariat qonun.[279][280]

Ushbu qonunlarga qaramay, pop kabi xonandalar Inul Daratista, known for her hip swaying moves,[275][281][282] va Agnez Mo continue exposing their navels, but undergo some restrictions in reklama.[283]

Koreya madaniyati

Traditionally, Korean women are expected to dress modestly. The traditional wear such as Xanbok cover the entire body.[284]

Janubiy koreyalik xonanda Yuriy performing at KBS Hope Concert in January 2013

1990-yillar

During the 1990s, the fashion trend among young South Korean women for wearing cropped Futbolkalar that leave the midriff exposed had started, due to the hot climatic conditions. The trend spread to create changes in female fashion such that when a policeman in Kvanju arrested two young women for flaunting their belly buttons in the street, the judge threw the case out, ruling that the flashing of a female navel was not indecent.[285] It further became popular due to Korean pop culture, where K-pop stars started wearing body piercings[286] and midriff-exposing shirts.[287] In July 1997, the South Korean broadcaster KBS announced tough new rules for pop stars appearing on TV. One among the many limitations was "no exposing of navels".[288]

2000-yillar

During the 2000s, it became common among young women to expose their belly buttons by rolling up their shirts similar to a crop top. During sport events such as football, the female audience apply body paints or temporary tattoos around their belly buttons.[289] In 2010, Korean girl group Kamalak 's dance routine that involved lifting up their shirts to expose their navels became popular. The band stated in an interview, "We have to keep our abs in shape for the belly button dance."[290] But the routine was subsequently has been banned.[291][292][293] The SBS Televizion shou Inkigayo told girl groups to restrain showing their skin too much and about their outfits.[294][295] 2013 yilda, Yoona, a member of Korean girl band Qizlar avlodi, caused a minor controversy by revealing an exposed midriff featuring a protruding cantaloupe-like outie navel, which started a spirited discussion and polarized opinions on the Chinese-language internet.[296][297]

Although, the formal wear is expected to cover the stomach and belly button.[298]

Malaycha modellar in attire that covers the navel at a fashion show in Kuala Lumpur 2011 yil aprel oyida

Malayziya madaniyati

In 2005, Vivienne, a virtual girlfriend created by software maker Artificial Life Inc. of Gonkong, was reprogrammed not to bare her navel or display body piercings in conservative Muslim countries including Malaysia to avoid problems.[299] 2006 yilda, Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat gave his blessings to an Islamic form of dance clubs to serve as entertainment outlets at Kota Bharu. He commented that there must be proper attire for women, including clothes that do not reveal the navel, saying Muslim women must be covered from head to toe except for their face and hands, while Muslim men must be decently dressed when in public.[300] Under Malaysian government rules for stage performances, a female artist must be covered from her shoulders to her knees. This law prevented pop icon Beyonce Noulz from performing in navel-exposing attire in 2007.[301][302] Beyoncé canceled the show amid opposition from local groups, calling the cancellation a result of a "scheduling conflict".[303]

Views in alternative medicine from antiquity

Avliyo Tomas Akvinskiy considered the navel as the "bodily metaphor for spiritual things".[304]

Muqobil tibbiyot

Manipura chakra that represents the navel

Hind tibbiyoti

In Indian traditional medicine, the Rotterus kiperi tuber is made into a paste and applied around the navel to relieve pain caused by yumaloq qurtlar. Anor plant juice and paste is used to treat ilon chaqishi; the juice is dropped into the nostrils, ears, and navel.[305][sahifa kerak ] Applying a little bit of sariyog ' yoki xantal yog'i on cotton and keeping it on the navel overnight is considered a remedy for dry lips.[306][307] Kastor yog'i is applied to the navel of infants as a remedy for oshqozon og'rig'i.[308] The Gondlar, a tribe from central India, apply Gloriosa superba ildizpoyali extract over the navel and vagina to cause labour pain and perform normal delivery.[309]

Ga binoan Ayurveda, the navel is an important site in the human body. Nearly 72,000 subtle nerves, or nadis converge in this area.[310] By the principles of Ayurveda and yoga, the human body is made up of six chakralar, bilan Manipura chakra located at the spine directly behind either the navel or the quyosh pleksusi, depending on the system, while its kshetram, or superficial activation point, is located directly on the navel and represents the element olov.[311][sahifa kerak ][312][313][314] Vayu or vital wind as specified in Ayurveda, is divided into five sub categories. Of these, Samāna Vayu, situated in the navel region, is believed to aid in hazm qilish and give physical strength to the body.[315][316]

According to Ayurvedic principles, navel displacement is a condition in which the navel center shifts.This might create digestive disorders. Proper practice of yoga is considered to be a remedy to realigning the navel.[317]

Sri Lankan medicine

In Sri Lanka traditional medicine, a composition of herbs, powdered pepper, and water is applied as a paste to the navel as a remedy for stomach aches.[318] During difficulties in delivery, a betel yaprog'i is placed on the woman's navel, which is believed to be under a spell.[319]

Russian medicine

Yotish shuvoq on the female navel or spreading a paste of kiyik liken on the navel were considered by Russian women to make the delivery of a child fast and painless.[320]

Xitoy tibbiyoti

In the Chinese art of akupunktur, the navel is sometimes referred to as 神阙 (shénquè, roughly translating to divine imperfection yoki mark of the ancestors). Often, the navel is used as a moxibustion nuqta. However, the navel itself is not used in acupuncture due to the likelihood of infection.[iqtibos kerak ]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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