Windrush janjal - Windrush scandal

The Windrush janjal 2018 yilgi ingliz edi siyosiy janjal nohaq bo'lgan odamlar haqida ushlangan, qonuniy huquqlarini rad etdi, tahdid qildi deportatsiya va kamida 83 holatda,[1][2][3] tomonidan noto'g'ri Buyuk Britaniyadan chiqarib yuborilgan Uy idorasi. Jabrlanganlarning ko'plari tug'ilgan Britaniya sub'ektlari va Buyuk Britaniyaga 1973 yilgacha kelgan, xususan Karib dengizi mamlakatlari a'zolari sifatida "Shamollash avlodi "[4] (shunday nomlangan Empire Windrush, 1948 yilda G'arbiy Hindiston muhojirlarining birinchi guruhlaridan birini Buyuk Britaniyaga olib kelgan kema).[5]

Deportatsiya qilinganlar singari, noma'lum raqamlar hibsga olingan, ishidan yoki uyidan ayrilgan yoki ularga tegishli bo'lgan imtiyozlar yoki tibbiy yordamdan mahrum qilingan.[3] Buyuk Britaniyaning uzoq muddatli istiqomat qiluvchilaridan bir nechtasi Buyuk Britaniyaga qayta kirishdan bosh tortdi va ularning ko'p qismi Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan zudlik bilan deportatsiya qilinishi bilan tahdid qilindi.

Sharhlovchilar tomonidan "atrof muhitga qarshi dushmanlik siyosati" tomonidan tashkil etilgan Tereza Mey sifatida uning davrida Uy kotibi,[6][7][8] janjal iste'foga chiqishiga olib keldi Amber Rud 2018 yil aprel oyida ichki ishlar vaziri lavozimiga tayinlangan Sajid Javid uning vorisi sifatida.[9] Ushbu mojaro, shuningdek, Britaniyaning immigratsiya siyosati va Ichki ishlar vazirligi amaliyoti to'g'risida keng muhokamalarga sabab bo'ldi.

Mart 2020 mustaqil Windrush darslari o'rganilgan sharh[10][11] tomonidan o'tkazilgan konstruktsiya inspektori Tereza Mey ichki ishlar idorasida kechirimsiz "bexabarlik va o'ylamaslik" ni ko'rsatdi va sodir bo'lgan voqealar "kutilgan va oldini olish mumkin" bo'lgan degan xulosaga keldi. Bundan tashqari, immigratsiya qoidalari "Windrush avlodini butunlay e'tiborsiz qoldirgan holda" kuchaytirilganligi va rasmiylar yashash huquqini o'rnatish uchun bir nechta hujjatlarga "mantiqsiz" talablar qo'yganligi aniqlandi.[12]

Fon

HMT Empire Windrush
HMT Empire Windrush shundan keyin Shamollash avlodi nomlangan.

The Buyuk Britaniyaning fuqaroligi to'g'risidagi qonun 1948 yil berdi Buyuk Britaniya va mustamlakalar fuqarosi a-da tug'ilganligi sababli o'sha paytda ingliz sub'ekti bo'lgan har bir kishiga Buyuk Britaniyada yashash va yashash huquqi Britaniya mustamlakasi.[13] Britaniya hukumatining kampaniyalaridagi harakat va dalda Karib dengizi mamlakatlar immigratsiya to'lqiniga olib keldi. 1948-1970 yillarda Karib dengizidan Buyuk Britaniyaga qariyb yarim million kishi ko'chib o'tdi, bu 1948 yilda ushbu mamlakatdan keyin ishchi kuchi etishmovchiligiga duch keldi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi. Keyinchalik muhojirlar " Shamollash avlodi ".[4] Mehnat yoshidagi kattalar va ko'plab bolalar Buyuk Britaniyadagi ota-onalari yoki buvilariga qo'shilish uchun Karib dengizidan sayohat qildilar yoki o'zlarining pasportisiz ota-onalari bilan sayohat qildilar.[14]

Bu odamlar Buyuk Britaniyaga kelishning qonuniy huquqiga ega bo'lganligi sababli, ularga Buyuk Britaniyaga kirish paytida na hujjat kerak edi, na ularga, na 1970-yillarning boshlarida immigratsiya qonunchiligidagi o'zgarishlar.[15] Ko'pchilik Buyuk Britaniyada tug'ilgan har qanday fuqaro bilan bir xil yozuvlardan tashqari, Buyuk Britaniyadagi maktablarda ishlagan yoki qilganliklari to'g'risida rasmiy hujjatli yozuvlarsiz qatnashgan.[16]

1948 yildan keyin muhojirlar kelgan ko'plab mamlakatlar Buyuk Britaniyadan mustaqil bo'lib, u erda yashovchilar ushbu mamlakatlarning fuqarolariga aylanishgan. Qonunchilik choralari 60-yillarda va 70-yillarning boshlarida ushbu sobiq mustamlakalar fuqarolari, hozirda a'zolari huquqlarini cheklashdi Hamdo'stlik, Buyuk Britaniyaga kelish yoki ishlash. 1973 yilgacha Hamdo'stlik mamlakatlaridan Buyuk Britaniyaga kelgan har qanday kishiga doimiy ravishda qolish huquqi avtomatik ravishda berildi, agar ular Buyuk Britaniyadan ikki yildan ortiq vaqt davomida chiqib ketishmasa.[4][15] Huquq avtomatik bo'lganligi sababli, ushbu toifadagi ko'plab odamlarga hech qachon o'z vaqtida yoki keyingi qirq yil ichida qolish huquqiga oid hujjatli dalillar berilmagan yoki taqdim etilmagan, bu vaqt ichida ko'pchilik Buyuk Britaniyada yashash va ishlashni davom ettirgan, o'zlarini ingliz ekanligiga ishonish.[4][16]

The 1999 yilgi immigratsiya va boshpana to'g'risidagi qonun Buyuk Britaniyaning uzoq yillik aholisini Hamdo'stlik mamlakatlaridan majburiy olib tashlashdan maxsus himoya qildi. Ushbu shartnoma o'tkazilmadi 2014 yilgi immigratsiya qonunchiligi chunki 1973 yil 1 yanvardan oldin Buyuk Britaniyada yashovchi Hamdo'stlik fuqarolari "olib tashlashdan etarli darajada himoyalangan" Uy idorasi matbuot kotibi.[17]

Dushmanli atrof-muhit siyosati

Uy kotibi sifatida atrof muhitga nisbatan dushmanlik siyosatini taqdim etgan Tereza Mey deputati
Asosiy maqola: Ichki ishlar vazirligining atrof muhitga nisbatan dushmanlik siyosati

The dushman atrof-muhit siyosati 2012 yil oktyabr oyida kuchga kirgan, tarkibida qolish uchun ma'muriy va qonunchilik choralarini o'z ichiga oladi Birlashgan Qirollik holda odamlar uchun iloji boricha qiyin "qolish uchun qoldiring", degan umidda "ixtiyoriy ravishda tark etish ".[18][19][20][21] 2012 yilda, Uy kotibi Tereza Mey "Maqsad shu erda Britaniyada noqonuniy muhojirlar uchun chindan ham dushmanlik muhitini yaratishdir" dedi.[19] Ushbu siyosat Buyuk Britaniyaning immigratsiya ko'rsatkichlarini 2010 yilda va'da qilingan darajaga tushirish strategiyasining bir qismi sifatida keng ko'rilgan Konservativ partiya Saylov Manifesti.[19][22][23] Siyosat tomonidan qabul qilingan choralar uy egalari, ish beruvchilar va NHS, xayriya tashkilotlari, jamoatchilik manfaatlarini ko'zlaydigan kompaniyalar va banklar, agar shaxs Buyuk Britaniyada qonuniy yashash joyini tasdiqlay olmasa, shaxsni tasdiqlovchi hujjatlarni tekshirishni amalga oshirish va xizmatlardan voz kechish.[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Uy egalari, ish beruvchilar va boshqalar ushbu choralarni bajarmagan taqdirda, 10 ming funt sterlinggacha jarimaga tortiladilar.[6][32]

Ushbu siyosat "qolish uchun ta'til" olish uchun ariza berish jarayonini yanada murakkablashtirdi va o'z xohishiga ko'ra deportatsiya qilishni rag'batlantirdi.[33][34] Ushbu siyosat Ichki Ishlar Vazirligi tomonidan "qolish uchun ta'tilni" qayta ishlash uchun to'lovlarning keskin o'sishiga to'g'ri keldi, fuqarolikka qabul qilish fuqarolikka qabul qilish to'g'risidagi arizalarni ro'yxatdan o'tkazish.[35][36] Bi-bi-si Ichki ishlar vazirligi 2011-2017 yillar davomida millat xizmatlaridan 800 million funt sterlingdan ko'proq foyda olganini xabar qildi.[36]

"Dushmanli muhit" atamasi birinchi marta ostida ishlatilgan Jigarrang hukumat.[37] 2018 yil 25 aprelda Windrush mojarosi paytida parlamentda savollarga javoban, o'sha paytda Bosh vazir Tereza Mey atrof muhitga nisbatan dushmanlik siyosati hukumat siyosati bo'lib qolishini aytdi.[38]

2020 yil iyun oyida Britaniyaning inson huquqlari qo'riqchi, Tenglik va inson huquqlari bo'yicha komissiya (EHRC) "dushmanlik muhiti" immigratsiya siyosatini qayta ko'rib chiqish va Ichki ishlar vazirligi uning tenglik majburiyatlarini bajarganligini baholash uchun qonuniy harakatni boshladi ( Tenglik to'g'risidagi qonun 2010 yil ). EHRC tavsiyalarni 2020 yil sentyabrgacha ishlab chiqishni rejalashtirgan.[39] 2020 yil noyabr oyida EHRC Ichki ishlar vazirligi qonunlarni buzganligini aytdi, davlat siyosati tenglik majburiyatlariga bo'ysunmasdan, uning siyosati Windrush avlodining qora tanli a'zolariga qanday ta'sir qilganini ko'rib chiqmadi.[40]

Dastlabki ogohlantirishlar

Ichki ishlar vazirligi 2013 yildan boshlab Windrush avlodining ko'plab aholisi noqonuniy muhojirlar sifatida muomala qilinayotgani va Karib dengizida tug'ilgan keksa odamlar nishonga olinishi to'g'risida ogohlantirish oldi. Qochqinlar va migrantlar markazi "Vulverxempton" ularning ishchilari yuzlab odamlardan xat olganlarini ko'rishayotganini aytdi Aholi, Ichki ishlar vazirligining pudratchisi ularga Buyuk Britaniyada bo'lish huquqiga ega emasligini, ba'zilariga birdaniga Buyuk Britaniyadan chiqib ketishni kelishib olishlarini aytgan. Xatlarning taxminan yarmi allaqachon qolish uchun tark etgan yoki immigratsiya maqomini rasmiylashtirish jarayonida bo'lgan odamlarga yuborilgan. Uy ishchilari ichki ishlar vazirligini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri va mahalliy xodimlar orqali ogohlantirgan Deputatlar Ushbu holatlar 2013 yildan beri. Noqonuniy deb topilgan odamlar nafaqalar kesilganligi sababli ba'zida ishdan yoki uydan mahrum bo'lishgan, ba'zilari esa tibbiy xizmatdan bosh tortishgan Milliy sog'liqni saqlash xizmati (NHS), ba'zilari joylashtirilgan hibsxonalar ularning deportatsiyasiga tayyorgarlik sifatida, ba'zilari deportatsiya qilingan yoki chet eldan Buyuk Britaniyaga qaytish huquqidan bosh tortgan.[24][41][42][43][44]

2013 yilda Karib dengizi rahbarlari deportatsiyani kun tartibiga qo'ygan edilar Hamdo'stlik yig'ilishi Shri-Lankada va 2016 yil aprel oyida Karib dengizi hukumatlari aytgan Filipp Xammond Tashqi ishlar vaziri, Buyuk Britaniyada umrining ko'p qismini o'tkazgan muhojirlar deportatsiyaga uchragan va ularning tashvishlari o'sha paytda Ichki ishlar vazirligiga etkazilgan.[44][45][46] Sal oldin Hamdo'stlik hukumat rahbarlari yig'ilishi 2018 yil aprel oyida Karib dengizining o'n ikki mamlakati ushbu masalani muhokama qilish uchun Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri bilan uchrashish to'g'risida rasmiy so'rov yubordi, u rad etdi. Dauning ko'chasi.[47]

Ichki ishlar qo'mitasining hisoboti

2018 yil yanvar oyida Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang atrof-muhitga nisbatan dushmanlik siyosati "noaniq" ekanligi va "noto'g'ri va tekshirilmagan" ma'lumotlarga asoslanib, deportatsiya bilan tahdid qilinayotgan juda ko'p odamlarni ko'rganligi to'g'risida hisobot chiqardi. Hisobotda, yo'l qo'yilgan xatolar, masalan, 10 foiz, "tizimning ishonchliligi" ni buzish bilan tahdid qilinganligi haqida ogohlantirildi. Hisobotda bildirilgan asosiy tashvish shundaki, Ichki Ishlar Vazirligi atrof muhitga nisbatan dushmanlik to'g'risidagi qoidalar samaradorligini baholash uchun vositaga ega emas va siyosat ta'sirini tushunishda "muvaffaqiyatsizlik" bo'lganligini izohladi. Hisobotda, shuningdek, noqonuniy immigratsiya ko'lami to'g'risida aniq ma'lumotlarning etishmasligi, jamoatchilikning ushbu masaladagi xavotirini "nazoratsiz ravishda o'sishiga" imkon berganligi ta'kidlangan, bu hisobotda hukumatning "jamoatchilikning yuqori manfaatlari" masalasiga "beparvoligi" ni ko'rsatmoqda.[32]

Hisobot nashr etilishidan bir oy oldin 60 dan ortiq deputatlar, akademiklar va saylovoldi tashviqot guruhlari Amber Rudga ochiq xat yozib, hukumatni "g'ayriinsoniy" siyosatni to'xtatishga chaqirgan, bunga Ichki ishlar vazirligining shikoyat va murojaatlarni ko'rib chiqish bo'yicha "yomon ishi" sabab bo'lgan. o'z vaqtida.[32]

Matbuot xabarlari

2017 yil noyabridan boshlab gazetalarda Buyuk Britaniya hukumati Buyuk Britaniyaga 1973 yilgacha etib kelgan Hamdo'stlik hududlaridan, agar ular Buyuk Britaniyada qolish huquqini isbotlay olmasalar, deportatsiya qilish bilan tahdid qilgani haqida xabar berilgan edi.[15][48] Garchi birinchi navbatda Shamollash avlodi va asosan Karib havzasidan, 2018 yil aprel oyida Oksford Universitetidagi Migratsiya Observatoriyasi Hamdo'stlik muhojirlaridan 57 mingtagacha zarar ko'rishi mumkin, ulardan 15000 nafari Yamayka.[14][49][50] Karib havzasidan tashqari, tug'ilgan odamlarga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan holatlar Keniya, Kipr, Kanada va Serra-Leone matbuotda aniqlandi.[51][52][53]

Matbuotda Ichki ishlar vazirligining agentliklari "aybsizligi isbotlanmaguncha aybdor" va "avval deportatsiya qiling, keyin shikoyat qiling" rejimida ishlayotganlikda ayblandi eng zaif guruhlarni, xususan, Karib havzasidan bo'lgan guruhlarni nishonga olish; ishlarni, xizmatlarni va bank hisobvaraqlariga ish olib borishni to'xtatib qo'yish orqali g'ayriinsoniy ravishda qo'llash; qolish huquqini tasdiqlagan ko'plab asl hujjatlarni yo'qotish; hujjatli isbotlash uchun asossiz talablar qo'yish - ba'zi hollarda keksa odamlardan Buyuk Britaniyada yashagan har yili uchun 4 ta hujjat so'ralgan va Britaniyaning ma'muriy xatolari yoki murosasizligi va davolanishni rad etganligi sababli odamlarni Buyuk Britaniyadan tashqarida qoldirgan.[6][24][32][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] Matbuotda yoritilgan boshqa holatlar, Buyuk Britaniyada tug'ilgan, ota-onalari "Windrush" muhojirlari bo'lgan va deportatsiya bilan tahdid qilingan va huquqlarini olib tashlangan kattalar bilan bog'liq edi, chunki ular ota-onalari Buyuk Britaniyada qonuniy ekanligini isbotlay olmadilar. ularning tug'ilish vaqti.[iqtibos kerak ]

Ichki ishlar vazirligi va Britaniya hukumati 2013 yildan beri "dushmanli atrof-muhit siyosati" Windrush muhojirlariga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatayotganini bilganlikda va ularni bartaraf etish uchun hech narsa qilmaganlikda ayblandi.[64][65]

Ushbu mavzuni yoritib berganlar orasida jurnalistlar ham bor edi Ameliya janoblari va Gari Younge, Karib dengizi diplomatlari Kevin Isaak, Set Jorj Ramokan va Gay Xyuitt,[24][44][51][54][66] va ingliz siyosatchilari Herman Ouseley va Devid Lammy Deputat.[67][68][69] Amelia janoblari The Guardian keyinchalik 2018 mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi Pol Foot mukofoti sudyalar ta'riflagan narsalarini yoritishi uchun: "Buyuk Britaniyada 50 yil yashaganiga qaramay, noqonuniy immigrantlar deb aytilgan hamdo'stlik tug'ilgan keksa fuqarolar guruhi uchun halokatli oqibatlar".[66][70]

Parlament

2018 yil mart oyining boshlarida parlamentda matbuotda alohida ta'kidlangan alohida holatlar bo'yicha savollar berila boshlandi. 14 mart kuni, qachon Muxolifat rahbari Jeremi Korbin Maydan NHS ostida davolanishdan bosh tortgan shaxs haqida so'radi Bosh vazirning savollari ichida Jamiyat palatasi, May dastlab "bu ishdan bexabar" deb aytgan, ammo keyinroq "ko'rib chiqishga" rozi bo'lgan.[71] Keyinchalik parlament tobora ko'proq "Windrush janjallari" deb ataladigan narsalarga aralashishni davom ettirdi.

2018 yil 16 aprelda, Devid Lammy Deputat e'tiroz bildirdi Amber Rud jamoalar palatasida qancha odam ishidan yoki uyidan ayrilgani, tibbiy yordamdan mahrum bo'lganligi yoki hibsga olingan yoki noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilinganligi to'g'risida raqamlar berish. Lammy Radni deportatsiya tahdidi uchun kechirim so'rashga chaqirdi va muammolarni hukumatning "atrof muhitga qarshi dushmanlik siyosati" bilan bog'lab, "milliy sharmandalik kuni" deb atadi.[68] Radd u hech narsani bilmasligini, ammo buni tekshirishga harakat qilishini aytdi.[69] Aprel oyi oxirlarida Rud uni iste'foga chiqarishni va hukumatni "atrof muhitga nisbatan dushmanlik siyosatidan" voz kechishni talab qilayotgan tobora kuchayib borayotgan chaqiriqlarga duch keldi.[72][73] Shuningdek, Ichki ishlar vazirligidan immigratsiya xizmatlari uchun to'lovlarni kamaytirishni talab qilishgan.[35][36]

2018 yil 2-may kuni muxolifat Mehnat partiyasi kiritilgan harakat 1948-1970 yillar orasida Hamdo'stlik mamlakatlaridan Buyuk Britaniyaga kelgan odamlar bilan bog'liq ishlarni ko'rib chiqish bo'yicha hukumatni Ichki Ishlar Tanlov Qo'mitasiga hujjatlarni taqdim etishga majburlamoqchi bo'lgan. Harakat 316 ovoz bilan 221 ga qarshi ovoz bilan mag'lub bo'ldi.[14]

Maqsadlar

25 aprel kuni uning tomonidan berilgan savolga javoban Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang deportatsiya maqsadlari (ya'ni kutib olish uchun aniq raqamlar) haqida, Rudd bunday maqsadlardan bexabarligini aytdi,[74] "biz bunday ishlamaymiz" deyish,[75] boshqa guvoh deportatsiya maqsadlarini muhokama qilgan bo'lsa-da.[76] Ertasi kuni Radd parlamentda maqsadlar borligini tan oldi, ammo ularni "olib tashlashning aniq maqsadlari" emas, balki faqat "ichki samaradorlikni boshqarish uchun mahalliy maqsadlar" sifatida tavsifladi. U shuningdek, ular haqida bexabar bo'lganini va ularni yo'q qilishlarini va'da qilgan.[69][77]

Ikki kundan keyin, The Guardian Radning idorasiga ko'chirilgan sızdırılan eslatmani nashr etdi. Xabarda aytilishicha, bo'lim "2017-18 yillarda 12,800 majburiy daromadga erishishni maqsad qilib qo'ygan" va "biz yordam berish bo'yicha rejamizdan oshib ketganmiz". Yodnomada "joriy yil boshida ichki ishlar vaziriga va'da bergan majburiy daromadlar bo'yicha 10 foizga oshirilgan ko'rsatkichlar" ga erishilganligi haqida qo'shimcha qilingan. Rud bunga javoban, u sızdırılan eslatmani hech qachon ko'rmaganligini aytdi, "garchi u mening idoramga ko'chirilgan bo'lsa ham, ko'plab hujjatlar mavjud".[78][79]

The Yangi shtat arbobi oshkor bo'lgan eslatma "Buyuk Britaniyadan olib chiqilishi kerak bo'lgan odamlar soni bo'yicha Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan belgilab qo'yilgan maqsadlarni aniq tafsilotlari bilan bergan. Bu Rud hech bo'lmaganda bir marta deputatlarni yo'ldan ozdirganligini ko'rsatmoqda".[80][81] Diane Abbott Deputat Rudni iste'foga chiqishga chaqirdi: "Amber Rud yoki ushbu eslatmani o'qimagan va o'z bo'limidagi siyosatni aniq tushunmagan yoki parlament va ingliz xalqini yo'ldan ozdirgan".[82] Ebbot shuningdek, «Xavf shu erda (the) juda keng nishon ichki ishlar idoralari xodimlariga yamaykalik buvilarni hibsxonalariga joylashtirish uchun bosim o'tkazdi ".[83]

2018 yil 29 aprelda, The Guardian xususiy maktubini e'lon qildi [84] Rudddan Tereza Maygacha 2017 yil yanvarda, Radd muhojirlarni majburiy deportatsiyasini ko'paytirish uchun "ambitsiyali, ammo amalga oshiriladigan" maqsad haqida yozgan. O'sha kuni kechroq Rud ichki ishlar vaziri lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi.[85][86]

Ichki ishlar vazirining o'zgarishi

Amber Rud
Amber Rud

2018 yil 29 aprelda Rud ichki ishlar vaziri lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi,[85][86] iste'foga chiqish arizasida "noqonuniy immigratsiya masalasida uy ishlarini tanlash qo'mitasini [...] tasodifan yo'ldan ozdirganini" aytgan.[87] O'sha kuni, Sajid Javid uning vorisi sifatida nomlandi.[88]

Sal oldinroq, Javid, harakatsiz Jamiyat kotibi, dedi a Sunday Telegraph intervyu "Men ba'zi masalalarni birinchi marta eshitishni va o'qishni boshlaganimda juda xavotirga tushgan edim ... Ota-onam bu mamlakatga kelishdi ... xuddi Windrush avlodi singari ... Windrush masalasi haqida eshitganimda," shu Mening onam bo'lishi mumkin, bu mening otam bo'lishi mumkin, u mening tog'am bo'lishi mumkin ... men bo'lishi mumkin. "[89][90]

30 aprelda Javid ichki ishlar vaziri sifatida parlament oldida birinchi marta chiqish qildi. U zarar ko'rganlarning huquqlarini ta'minlash uchun qonunchilikni va'da qildi va hukumat "Windrush avlodi tomonidan to'g'ri ish olib borishini" aytdi.[91] Matbuot o'zini Tereza Meydan uzoqlashayotgani kabi ko'rgan izohlarda Javid Parlamentga "Men dushmanlik iborasini yoqtirmayman [...] Menimcha, bu foydasiz ibora va bu bizning qadriyatlarimizni mamlakat "deb nomlangan.[92][93]

2018 yil 15 mayda Javid Ichki Ishlarni Tanlash Qo'mitasiga hozircha 63 kishi noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilingan deb topilganligini aytdi, ammo bu raqam vaqtinchalik va ko'tarilishi mumkin. Shuningdek, u o'sha paytda Windrushning qanchadan-qancha hibsga olinganligini aniqlay olmaganligini aytdi.[94]

2018 yil may oyi oxiriga kelib, hukumat noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilingan bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan 63 kishidan 3 nafari bilan bog'langan,[95] va 8 iyun kuni Londondagi Yamaykaning yuqori komissari Set Jorj Ramokan ichki ishlar vazirligi Yamaykaga noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilingan deb hisoblagan odamlarning raqamlarini yoki ismlarini hali ham olmaganligini aytdi, shuning uchun Yamayka yozuvlari aloqa uchun tekshirilishi mumkin edi. tafsilotlar.[63] Iyun oyi oxiriga kelib, Ichki ishlar vazirligiga murojaat qiluvchilar soni ko'pligi sababli "qolish uchun ta'til" arizalarini ko'rib chiqishda uzoq kechikishlar qayd etildi. Windrush ishonch telefoni shu vaqtgacha 19000 ta qo'ng'iroqni qayd etgan, ulardan 6800 tasi potentsial Windrush holatlari deb topilgan. O'n olti yuz kishiga ichki ishlar idorasida uchrashuvdan so'ng hujjatlar rasmiylashtirildi.[63]

Parlament qo'mitalari

Inson huquqlari qo'mitasi hisoboti

2018 yil 29 iyunda parlament Inson huquqlari Qo'mitani tanlang immigratsiya rasmiylari tomonidan vakolatlarning bajarilishi to'g'risida "la'nat" hisobotini nashr etdi. Deputatlar va tengdoshlar hisobotda "tizimli nosozliklar" bo'lgan degan xulosaga keldi va Ichki ishlar vazirligining "bir qator xatolar" tavsifini "ishonchli yoki etarli emas" deb rad etdi. Hisobotda Ichki ishlar vazirligi "ishlarni ko'rib chiqishda va odamlarni ozodlikdan mahrum qilishda mutlaqo noto'g'ri yondashuvni" namoyish qildi degan xulosaga kelindi va ichki ishlar vazirini o'z bo'limida yuzaga kelgan "inson huquqlari buzilishi" ga qarshi choralar ko'rishga chaqirdi. Qo'mita ikkalasi ham Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan hibsga olingan ikki kishining ishlarini ko'rib chiqdi, ularning hibsga olinishi hisobotda "shunchaki noqonuniy" va muomalasi "hayratga soluvchi" deb ta'riflangan. Qo'mita yana 60 ta ishni ko'rib chiqishga intildi.[61][96][97]

Harriet Xarman Deputat va qo'mita raisi immigratsiya rasmiylarini "nazoratsiz", Ichki ishlar idorasi esa "o'zi uchun qonun" bo'lganlikda aybladi. Xarmanning so'zlariga ko'ra, "himoya va himoya vositalari biz ko'rib turgan narsaga qadar yo'q qilindi ..." [bu] Ichki ishlar idorasi hammasi kuchli ekanligi va inson huquqlari butunlay yo'q qilinganligi. "Qo'shib qo'yish", agar ular xatoga yo'l qo'ygan bo'lsa ham va o'zlarining hujjatlarida bu odamlarni qamashga haqlari yo'qligini ko'rsatadigan barcha dalillar mavjud bo'lsa ham. , ular oldinga boradilar va buni qiladilar. "[96][98]

Ichki ishlar qo'mitasining hisoboti

2018 yil 3-iyul kuni Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang (HASC) tanqidiy hisobotni e'lon qildi, unda Ichki ishlar vazirligi qayta tiklanmasa, janjal "yana bir guruh odamlar uchun sodir bo'ladi" deb aytilgan. Hisobotda "so'nggi yillarda Ichki ishlar vazirligidagi madaniyat o'zgarishi" abituriyentlar "ularni muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan holda tashkil etilgan ko'rinadigan jarayonlarni kuzatishga majbur bo'lgan" muhitga olib kelganligi aniqlandi. Hisobotda dushmanlik muhitini hozirgi shaklda davom ettirish kerakmi degan savol tug'ilib, "uni" mos keladigan "muhit sifatida rebrending qilish haqiqiy tashvishlarga ma'nosiz javobdir" deb izoh berildi.[3][99] (Sajid Javid ilgari bu siyosatni atrof-muhit siyosati deb atagan).[100]

Hisobotda Ichki Ishlar Vazirligi atrof-muhitga nisbatan barcha dushmanlik siyosatini ularning "samaradorligi, adolatliligi, ta'sirini (maqsad qilingan va kutilmagan oqibatlari) va pulning qiymatini" baholash uchun qayta ko'rib chiqishi kerakligini tavsiya qildi, chunki siyosat "ko'pchilik uchun katta ma'muriy yuk va xarajatlarni yukladi" jamiyatning ayrim qismlari, uning samaradorligi to'g'risida aniq dalillarsiz, ammo ko'plab xatolar va katta qayg'ularni keltirib chiqargan misollar bilan ".[101]

Hisobotda "Ichki Ishlar Vazirligi inson qiyofasini yanada yaxshilashga" qaratilgan qator tavsiyalar berilgan. Shuningdek, "Windrush fuqarolari uchun pasport to'lovlarini bekor qilish; yuzma-yuz immigratsiya suhbatlariga qaytish; immigratsiya shikoyati huquqlari va yuridik yordamni qayta tiklash; aniq migratsiya maqsadidan voz kechish" kerak.[3]

Hisobotda ular Windrush avlodiga ta'sir doirasini aniqlashga umid qilganliklari, ammo hukumat "bizning ko'plab savollarimizga javob berolmaganligi ... va biz ichki ishlar idoralari qog'ozlarini olish imkoniga ega emasligimiz" ni izohladilar. "Ichki ishlar vazirligi bizni hanuzgacha noqonuniy hibsga olingan, ishdan bo'shagan yoki davolanishdan va boshqa xizmatlardan mahrum bo'lgan, Ichki ishlar vazirligining markazlariga xabar berishlari kerak bo'lgan odamlarning sonini ayta olmasligi qabul qilinishi mumkin emas" deb izohladi.[3]

Hisobotda, shuningdek, "emotsional qayg'u va moddiy zararni" tan olish uchun hukumatning kompensatsiya sxemasini kengaytirish va ushbu sxema salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatgan Windrush bolalari va nabiralari uchun ochiq bo'lishi tavsiya etilgan. Hisobotda keskin moliyaviy qiyinchiliklarga duchor bo'lganlar uchun zudlik bilan qiyinchiliklar jamg'armasi zarurligi yana bir bor ta'kidlandi.[3][99] Qo'mita raisi Yvette Kuperning aytishicha, qiyinchiliklarni to'lashni kechiktirish to'g'risidagi qaror "juda tashvishli" va jabrlanganlar "kompensatsiya sxemasini kutayotganda qarzlar bilan kurashmasliklari kerak".[99]

Hisobotda, shuningdek, Ichki ishlar vazirligining mutasaddilari bu muammoni ancha oldin bilishlari va hal qilishlari kerakligi aytilgan.[102] Qo'mitadagi partiyalararo deputatlar ta'kidlashlaricha, Ichki ishlar vazirligi matbuotda bu masala yoritilgan oylar davomida hech qanday chora ko'rmagan.[101]

Leyboristlar partiyasi hisobotga "Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan ko'plab savollar javobsiz qoldi" deb javob qaytardi. Shadow uy kotibi Diane Abbott Hukumat hali Windrush ishi uchun "tovon puli to'lashning aniq rejasini" e'lon qilmaganligi va "hatto o'z siyosati bilan uysiz yoki ishsiz qolgan odamlar uchun ham qiyinchiliklar fondi tashkil etishdan bosh tortgani" bu "sharmandalik" ekanligini aytdi. .[3][99][103]

Ichki ishlar vazirligining javoblari

Parlamentning tanlangan qo'mitalarining savollariga va parlamentda berilgan savollarga javoban Ichki ishlar vazirligi janjal paytida bir qator javoblarni berdi.

2018 yil 28 iyunda Ichki ishlar vazirligidan HASCga yuborilgan xatda 2012 yildan 2017 yilgacha bo'lgan besh yil ichida 850 kishini "xato bilan hibsga olgani" haqida xabar berilgan edi. Xuddi shu besh yil ichida Ichki ishlar vazirligi funt sterlingdan ortiq kompensatsiya to'lagan. Noqonuniy hibsga olinganlik uchun 21 mln. Kompensatsiya to'lovlari 1 funtdan 120 ming funtgacha o'zgargan; ushbu hibsga olishlarning noma'lum soni Windrush ishi edi. Maktubda, shuningdek, immigratsiya idoralarida ishlaydigan xodimlarning 23% ish natijalari bo'yicha mukofot olgani va ba'zi xodimlarga "shaxsiy maqsadlar" qo'yilgani, ular "majburiy olib tashlashga erishish uchun maqsadlar bilan bog'langan" bo'lib, ular bo'yicha bonusli to'lovlar amalga oshirilgan.[75]

5 iyun kuni immigratsiya vaziri tomonidan e'lon qilingan raqamlar Kerolin Nokes 2018 yil mart oyidan oldingi 12 oy ichida Buyuk Britaniyada noqonuniylikda gumon qilingan odamlarni Karib dengiziga olib chiqish uchun Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan tijorat reyslarida 991 o'ringa buyurtma qilinganligi aniqlandi. 991 ko'rsatkichi, albatta, deportatsiya soni emas edi, chunki ba'zi bir olib tashlashlar sodir bo'lmasligi mumkin, boshqalari esa bir kishining parvozlari uchun bir nechta chiptalarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Raqamlarda bron qilingan chiptalarning qanchasi deportatsiya uchun ishlatilganligi haqida ma'lumot berilmagan. Nokes, shuningdek, 2015 yildan 2017 yilgacha bo'lgan ikki yillik davrda hukumat barcha deportatsiya parvozlariga 52 million funt sarflaganini, shu jumladan charter reyslariga 17,7 million funt sarflaganini aytdi. 2018 yil mart oyidan oldingi 12 oylik xarajatlar mavjud emas edi.[104]

2018 yil noyabr oyida Ichki Ishlarni Tanlash Qo'mitasiga oylik yangilanishda Javid 83 ta holat mavjudligini aytdi, unda odamlar noqonuniy ravishda deportatsiya qilinganligi allaqachon tasdiqlangan va rasmiylar yana 81 bo'lishi mumkinligidan qo'rqishgan. Kamida 11 nafar deportatsiya qilingan keyinchalik vafot etdi.[1]

Milliy Audit idorasi hisoboti

2018 yil dekabr oyida e'lon qilingan hisobotda Buyuk Britaniyaning Milliy taftish byurosi Ichki ishlar vazirligi Windrush janjalidan jabrlanganlarning "yashash, ishlash va xizmatlardan foydalanish huquqlarini [himoya qila olmaganligini", to'rt yil oldin ko'tarilgan yaqinlashib kelayotgan janjal haqidagi ogohlantirishlarni e'tiborsiz qoldirganligini va hanuzgacha etarli darajada ishlamaganligini aniqladi. janjalga murojaat qildi.[105]

Deportatsiyani tiklash

Deportatsiyalarga qarshi jamoatchilik noroziligi ularni 2018 yilda to'xtatib turishiga olib keldi. Ammo 2019 yil fevral oyida Ichki ishlar vazirligi deportatsiyani qayta boshlashni maqsad qilgan.[106] Ushbu xabar Ichki ishlar vazirligiga qarshi yangi noroziliklarni keltirib chiqardi.[107][108][109][110]

2019 yil 5 fevralda Javid deportatsiya qilinishi kerak bo'lgan barcha odamlarning "zo'rlash va qotillik, o'q otish qurollari va giyohvand moddalar savdosi singari o'ta og'ir jinoyatlarda" aybdor ekanliklarini da'vo qildi, ammo bu da'vo Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan rad etildi va sharhlovchilar tomonidan deportatsiya qilinganlarning kelajagi uchun noto'g'ri va potentsial zararli deb tanqid qilingan.[111][112]

2019 yil 21 fevralda Yamaykaning Buyuk Britaniyadagi Oliy komissari Ichki ishlar vazirligi Windrush mojarosi bo'yicha tergovni e'lon qilgunga qadar Yamayka deportatsiyasini to'xtatishga chaqirdi.[113]

Jabrlanganlar uchun zarar

Amber Rud, hali ham uy kotibi bo'lganida, Windrush avlodiga nisbatan "dahshatli" munosabat uchun uzr so'ragan.[114] 2018 yil 23-aprel kuni Radd zarar ko'rganlarga tovon puli berilishini va kelgusida ushbu guruh uchun fuqarolikka da'vogarlar uchun to'lovlar va til sinovlaridan voz kechilishini e'lon qildi.[73] Tereza Mey shuningdek, Karib dengizining o'n ikki rahbari bilan uchrashuvda "xavotirga tushganligi" uchun uzr so'radi, biroq u ularga kimdir noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilinganligini "aniq" ayta olmadi.[115] May, shuningdek, ta'sirlanganlar Buyuk Britaniyada istiqomat qilish tarixini tasdiqlovchi rasmiy hujjatlarni taqdim etishlariga ishonishlariga hojat qolmasligini va kerakli hujjatlarni olish uchun xarajatlarga duch kelmasligini va'da qildi.[116]

Sajid Javid
Sajid Javid

24-may kuni yangi uy kotibi Sajid Javid janjaldan aziyat chekkan odamlar uchun fuqarolikka qabul qilish to'g'risidagi arizalarni ko'rib chiqish bo'yicha bir qator tadbirlarni belgilab berdi. Ushbu chora-tadbirlar Buyuk Britaniyada 18 yoshga etmaganida ota-onalariga qo'shilgan bolalar va Windrush ota-onasining Buyuk Britaniyada tug'ilgan bolalari uchun bepul fuqarolik arizalarini va shu huquqqa ega, ammo hozirda Buyuk Britaniyadan tashqarida bo'lganlar uchun qolish huquqini bepul tasdiqlashni o'z ichiga olgan. odatdagi yaxshi xarakter talablariga. Ushbu choralar deputatlar tomonidan tanqid qilindi, chunki ular apellyatsiya berish yoki qarorlarni ko'rib chiqish huquqini bermadilar. Yvette Kuper, jamoalar raisi Ichki ishlar qo'mitasi, dedi: "Buning tarixini hisobga olgan holda, qanday qilib kimdir Ichki ishlar vazirligiga boshqa xatolarga yo'l qo'ymasligiga ishonishi mumkin? Agar ichki ishlar vaziri yuqori lavozimli xodimlar Windrush ishlarida yaxshi qarorlar qabul qilishlariga ishonsa, u apellyatsiya va ko'rib chiqishlardan qo'rqmaydi. " Shuningdek, Javidning aytishicha, Ichki ishlar vazirligi guruhi hozirgacha 500 ta ehtimoliy ishni aniqlagan.[117]

Keyingi haftalarda Javid shuningdek, qancha odam noto'g'ri hibsga olinganligi to'g'risida raqamlar keltirishni va'da qildi va olib tashlash uchun belgilangan maqsadlarga ishonmasligini aytdi.[75]

2018 yil 21-may kuni Windrush qurbonlarining aksariyati hali ham qashshoqlikda, uyqusiragan yoki do'stlari va qarindoshlarining divanlarida uy ichki ishlar idoralari ishlarini kutib o'tirishgan. Ko'pchilik, agar ular qabul qilsalar, Ichki ishlar vazirligining uchrashuvlariga borishga qodir emasdilar. Devid Lammi deputat buni "Windrush fuqarolari uysiz va ko'chalarda och qolayotgani bilan bog'liq bo'lgan muvaffaqiyatsizliklar litanyasidagi yana bir muvaffaqiyatsizlik" deb ta'rifladi.[118] May oyi oxiri va iyun oyi boshlarida deputatlar tomonidan favqulodda ehtiyojlarni qondirish uchun qiyinchiliklar jamg'armasi tashkil etish to'g'risida chaqiriqlar bo'ldi.[118][119] Iyun oyi oxiriga kelib, hukumatning ishlarni ko'rib chiqish bo'yicha ikki haftalik muddati bir necha bor buzilganligi va eng jiddiy ishlarning ko'pi haligacha ko'rib chiqilmaganligi haqida xabar berildi. Yamayka Oliy Komissari Set Jorj Ramokan: "Hozir vaziyat shunchalik ochiq va oshkora bo'lib qolganki, uni to'g'rilashga harakat qilingan" dedi. [63]

2018 yil avgust oyida tovon puli hali ham amalga oshirilmagan edi. Masalan keltirilgan misollar, qarorni kutayotganda hali ham uysiz bo'lgan odam; sobiq NHS hamshirasi, Sharon, ish xodimiga: "Menga ishlashga ruxsat berilmaydi, menga imtiyozlar yo'q. Mening 12 yoshli bolam bor", dedi. Xodim javob berdi: "Xo'sh, bu immigratsiya qoidalari, deb qo'rqaman, ... lekin, shubhasiz, Ichki ishlar vazirligining nuqtai nazari, agar siz Buyuk Britaniyada yuridik maqomga ega bo'lmasangiz, siz ishlashga haqli emassiz yoki o'qish. " Immigrantlar farovonligi bo'yicha qo'shma kengashdan Satbir Singx shunday dedi: "Ichki ishlar vazirligi Sharonga borib, bolalarning manfaatlari yo'lida harakat qilishini va moddiy yordam ko'rsatishni talab qiladigan qonunlar mavjud bo'lganda, Sharonga borib ovqat so'rang, deb aytgani dahshatli. qashshoqlikka duch kelgan bolalarga. " Shuningdek, 2018 yil avgust oyida ish yurituvchi Devid Lammy, dedi: "Biz jami 25 ta saylovchini" Windrush "ishchi guruhiga murojaat qildik. Hozirgacha faqat uch nafariga fuqarolik berildi, qolganlari esa g'alati holatda ... Bizda hanuzgacha biometrik yashash uchun ruxsatnoma olmagan odamlar bor. biz bu odamlarga ichki ishlar vazirligini bir necha oy oldin ogohlantirgan edik. "[120]

Qiyinchilik sxemasi

2019 yil fevral oyida Ichki ishlar vazirligi, 2018 yil dekabr oyida janjal qurbonlari uchun qiyinchiliklar sxemasini tuzgan bo'lsa-da, ushbu dasturga murojaat qilganlarning faqat bittasi hozirgacha har qanday yordamni olganini tan oldi. Shuningdek, 2018 yil aprel oyida Ichki ishlar vazirligi tomonidan va'da qilingan kompensatsiya sxemasi 2019 yil fevral oyida hali ham mavjud emas edi.[121]

2020 yil fevral oyida hukumat vazirlariga noqonuniy muhojirlar deb tasniflangan odamlar soni ilgari o'ylanganidan ancha ko'p bo'lishi mumkinligi va 15 mingga yaqin odam tovon puli olish huquqiga ega bo'lishi mumkinligi aytilgan. Shunga qaramay, shu paytgacha faqat 36 kishining tovon puli bo'yicha da'volari qondirilgan va 200 ming funtdan 570 million funtgacha tarqatilishi kutilgan Ichki ishlar idorasining kompensatsiya qozonidan atigi 62 198 funt sterling to'langan.[122]

2020 yil aprel oyiga qadar noqonuniy immigrantlar toifasiga kiritilgan odamlarning arizalarini ko'rib chiqish uchun tashkil etilgan Windrush ishchi guruhida hali ham 3720 ta ko'rib chiqilmagan ish bor edi. Ushbu ishlarning 1111 tasi hali ko'rib chiqilishi kerak emas edi, ularning 150 dan ortig'i olti oydan ko'proq vaqt kutgan va o'ttiz beshtasi bir yildan ko'proq vaqt davomida javob kutishgan. Ichki ishlar vazirligi shu paytgacha Karib dengizi mamlakatlaridan 164 kishini noto'g'ri hibsga olgan yoki deportatsiya qilgan shaxslarni aniqlaganligini aniqladi. Noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilingan yigirma to'rt kishi Buyuk Britaniya hukumati ular bilan bog'lana olmaguncha vafot etdi, Karib dengiziga noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilingan o'n to'rt kishi shu paytgacha qidirib topilmadi. Rasmiylar Karib dengizi hamdo'stligi bo'lmagan mamlakatlarga noto'g'ri deportatsiya qilingan odamlarni izlashga urinishdan bosh tortdilar. Shu kungacha o'ttiz besh kishiga "shoshilinch va alohida yordam" to'lovlari berildi, ularning umumiy qiymati 46795 funtni tashkil etdi.[123]

2020 yil oktyabrgacha to'qqiz qurbon tovon puli olmasdan vafot etdi, qolgan ko'plab odamlar esa tovon puli olmagan. [124]

Uchish kartalari

1950-yillardan 1970-yillarning boshigacha ko'plab "Windrush" muhojirlari kelganligi to'g'risidagi yagona rasmiy yozuvlar - bu Buyuk Britaniyaning portlaridagi kemalardan tushayotganda yig'ilgan qo'nish kartalari. Keyingi o'n yilliklar ichida ushbu kartalar ingliz immigratsiya rasmiylari tomonidan muntazam ravishda chegara immigratsiya ishlariga kelgan kunlarni tekshirish uchun ishlatilgan.[125] 2009 yilda ushbu ochilish kartalari qog'oz yozuvlarini yanada kengroq tozalash doirasida yo'q qilish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. Yo'q qilish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi o'sha paytdagi leyboristlar hukumati, lekin 2010 yilda kiruvchi ostida amalga oshirildi koalitsion hukumat.[126] Husnbuzarlar va iste'fodagi immigratsiya zobitlari 2010 yilda menejerlarni bu borada boshqa hech qanday ma'lumotga ega bo'lmagan ba'zi muhojirlarga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan muammolar haqida ogohlantirganliklarini da'vo qilishdi.[60][125] Janjal paytida, qo'nish kartalarining yo'q qilinishi Windrush muhojirlariga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatganligi haqida munozaralar bo'lib o'tdi.[15]

Kengroq immigratsiya

Janjal Buyuk Britaniyaning migratsiya siyosati va amaliyoti bilan bog'liq boshqa masalalarga, shu jumladan boshqa migrantlarga nisbatan munosabatlarga e'tiborni qaratdi.[127][128][129] va of boshpana izlovchilar va maqomi qanday EI Britaniyada yashovchi fuqarolar keyin bo'lishadi Brexit.[32][75][101]

Stiven Xeyl Qochoqlar harakati "[Windrush] odamlari boshidan kechirgan barcha narsalar, bu odamlar boshpana berish tizimi natijasida boshdan kechirgan narsalardir" dedi.[130] Ba'zi malakali ishchilar Buyuk Britaniyada o'n yildan ko'proq vaqt davomida yashab va ishlaganlaridan so'ng, soliq deklaratsiyalaridagi kichik qonunbuzarliklar sababli deportatsiya qilish bilan tahdid qilishgan, ba'zilariga deportatsiya bilan kurashishga ruxsat berilgandi, ammo ishlamasliklari va NHSga kirish huquqini bermasliklari. Ba'zida qonunbuzarliklar migrantga emas, soliq idoralariga tegishli edi.[131]

BBC bilan suhbatda Endryu Marr 3 iyun kuni Sajid Javid Buyuk Britaniyaning immigratsiya siyosatining muhim qismlari qayta ko'rib chiqilishini va Windrush janjalidan keyin noqonuniy immigratsiyaga nisbatan "dushmanlik muhiti" ga o'zgartirishlar kiritilganligini aytdi.[132]

Oqish bo'yicha so'rov

Following complaints by ministers, the Home Office was reported in April 2018 to have set up an inquiry to investigate where the leaked documents that led to Rudd's departure came from.[133][134][135]

Caribbean reactions

  • Antigua and Barbuda: Prime Minister Gaston Braun told Sky News' Barcha siyosat that an apology from the British government over the Windrush issue "would be welcome". He said it had been a major concern, but that he was pleased the government had stepped in. "We have had at least one Antiguan who incidentally has a British passport, who was apparently identified for deportation on the basis that he had no original documents. He came here about 59-years ago as an infant with his parents, and would have been on his parents' passport. Many of these individuals do not have any connection with the country of their birth, would have lived in the UK their entire lives and worked very hard towards the advancement of the UK."[136]
  • Barbados: Oliy komissar Vahiy Gay Xyuitt said on 16 April the 'Windrush Kids' who went to schools in Britain and paid their taxes are "being treated as illegal immigrants" and "being shut out of the system" with some deported or sent to detention centres. Hewitt also advised people not to approach the Home Office unless they first notified their representative or lawyer, as too many people doing so had been detained.[67][137]
  • Grenada: Bosh Vazir Kit Mitchell said that those affected were owed "serious compensation".[138][139]
  • Jamaica: Prime Minister Endryu Xolness said on 18 April: "my interest is to ensure that the Windrush generation and the children of the Windrush generation get justice. We have to call it out for what it is, but we also have to ensure that those who have been deported get access to a process that gets them back. They should get access to all the benefits that their citizenship will entitle them to. If there was an acceptance that a wrong was done, then there should be a process of restoration. I’m certain that the robust civil society and democracy that you have will come up with a process of compensation."[140]
  • Sent-Kits va Nevis: Oliy komissar Kevin Isaac helped coordinate Caribbean high commissioners to speak in a single voice on the Windrush issue from 2014.[44]

Windrush Lessons Learned Review

On 19 March 2020, the Home Office released the Windrush Lessons Learned Review.[10][11] This study, described by the Uy kotibi as "long-awaited",[10] was an independent inquiry managed and conducted by Wendy Williams, an inspector of constabulary.[141] The report was a scathing indictment of the Home Office's handling of Windrush individuals, and concluded that the Home Office showed an inexcusable "ignorance and thoughtlessness", and that what had happened had been "foreseeable and avoidable". It further found that immigration regulations were tightened "with complete disregard for the Windrush generation", and that officials had made mantiqsiz demands for multiple documents to establish residency rights.[12] The study recommended a full review of the "hostile environment" immigration policy.[12]

Limboda o'tirish

2020 yil iyun oyida, BBC televideniesi screened an 85-minute, one-off drama, Limboda o'tirish, bosh rollarda Patrik Robinson as Anthony Bryan, who was caught up in the effects of the hostile environment policy.[142][143]

Shuningdek qarang

  • Dexter Bristol who died while destitute as a result of losing his job because of the Home Office hostile environment policy.
  • Paulette Wilson who was one of the first cases covered in British media, who went on to become an activist working for other victims of the scandal.

Adabiyotlar

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  7. ^ "The human impact of Theresa May's hostile environment policies". Mustaqil. 21 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 30 aprel 2018.
  8. ^ Bush, Stephen (25 April 2018). "Why Amber Rudd Won't Suggest Real Solutions to the Worsening Windrush Scandal". Yangi shtat arbobi. Olingan 3 may 2018.
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  10. ^ a b v Home Office; Patel, Priti. "Home Secretary's oral statement on the Windrush Lessons Learned Review by Wendy Williams". Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2020 yil 19 martda.
  11. ^ a b Williams, Wendy (2020). Windrush Lessons Learned Review (PDF).
  12. ^ a b v Gentleman, Amelia; Owen Bowcott (19 March 2020). "Windrush report condemns Home Office 'ignorance and thoughtlessness'". The Guardian. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2020 yil 19 martda.
  13. ^ Milliy arxivlar. Citizenship 1906–2003. Retrieved 6 November 2006
  14. ^ a b v "MPs vote against Windrush disclosures". BBC yangiliklari. BBC. 2018 yil 2-may. Olingan 2 may 2018. People born in Jamaica and other Caribbean countries are thought to be more affected than those from other Commonwealth nations, as they were more likely to arrive on their parents' passports without their own ID documents
  15. ^ a b v d "May apologises to Caribbean leaders". BBC yangiliklari. 17 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 23 aprel 2018.
  16. ^ a b Nokes, Caroline (15 April 2018). "Immigration Minister: Immigration status of the Windrush generation". dastlab nashr etilgan Ovoz. Uy idorasi. Olingan 27 iyun 2018. Having not previously needed documentation they have now found themselves without any way of proving their status today.”
  17. ^ Taylor, Diane (16 April 2018). "Buyuk Britaniya 2014 yilda Windrush muhojirlarini huquqiy himoyasini bekor qildi". The Guardian. Olingan 1 iyul 2018. The government did not announce the removal of this clause, nor did it consult on the potential ramifications.
  18. ^ "Windrush: Theresa May hits back at Labour over landing cards". BBC. 18 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 2 may 2018.
  19. ^ a b v Hill, Amelia (28 November 2017). "'Hostile environment': the hardline Home Office policy tearing families apart". The Guardian. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  20. ^ Broomfield, Matt (19 December 2017). "How Theresa May's "hostile environment" created an underworld". www.newstatesman.com. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  21. ^ "Inspection report of hostile environment measures, October 2016 – GOV.UK". Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  22. ^ Observer editorial (15 April 2018). "The Observer view on the UK's increasingly harsh immigration policy". The Guardian. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  23. ^ "What is the 'hostile environment' policy?". BBC yangiliklari. Olingan 19 aprel 2018.
  24. ^ a b v d Younge, Gary (13 April 2018). "Hounding Commonwealth citizens is no accident. It's cruelty by design". The Guardian. Olingan 28 iyun 2018.
  25. ^ "Banks run immigration checks in Home Office crackdown". Sky News. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  26. ^ "Is our personal data fair game in the drive to create Theresa May's "hostile environment" for migrants?". openDemocracy. 24 yanvar 2018 yil. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  27. ^ O'Carroll, Lisa (28 March 2018). "EU parents warned children need papers to stay in UK after Brexit". The Guardian. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  28. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (12 April 2018). "Caribbean nations demand solution to 'illegal immigrants' anomaly". The Guardian. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  29. ^ "O'qish uchun obuna bo'ling". Financial Times. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  30. ^ "Another blow for May's hostile environment for immigrants". Global Justice Now. 20 fevral 2018 yil. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  31. ^ "Statewatch News Online: UK: "Hostile environment" faces criticism from parliamentary committee as new migration checks on bank accounts come into force". www.statewatch.org. Olingan 16 aprel 2018.
  32. ^ a b v d e Bulman, May (15 January 2018). "Britain's immigration system 'too open to error', MPs warn". Mustaqil. Olingan 1 iyul 2018. Government measures of reducing illegal immigration undermine credibility in the system due to high instances of inaccuracies and error, an influential group of MPs has warned.
  33. ^ Gentleman, Amelia; Bannock, Caroline (16 May 2018). "Footage emerges of 'distressing' home visit by immigration officers". The Guardian. Olingan 16 may 2018.
  34. ^ Siddique, Haroon (18 May 2018). "Sierra Leonean athlete can stay in UK after three-year legal fight". The Guardian. Olingan 19 may 2018.
  35. ^ a b Grierson, Jeymi; Marsh, Sarah (24 June 2018). "Slash 'obscene' Home Office fees, say MPs and campaigners". The Guardian. Olingan 26 iyun 2018. Fees for immigration and nationality applications have steadily risen since 2010 under the “hostile environment” policy … Among the charges are the £3,250 levy for indefinite leave for an adult dependent relative and £1,330 for an adult naturalisation application … The cost to the Home Office of processing a naturalisation application is £372
  36. ^ a b v Greenwood, George (13 February 2018). "Home Office citizenship fees 'scandalous'". BBC yangiliklari. Olingan 26 iyun 2018. Fees have risen since 2011, and the cost of registering two children has more than tripled.
  37. ^ "Windrush: Corbyn says PM ignored immigration policy warnings". BBC yangiliklari. 22 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 29 iyun 2018. shadow foreign secretary Emily Thornberry conceded the phrase "hostile environment" in relation to illegal immigration had first been used under the last Labour government … but it had been cranked up by the Conservatives to a point where "people have died, people have lost their jobs, lost their futures".
  38. ^ Merrick, Rob (25 April 2018). "Theresa May vows her 'hostile environment' on illegal immigration will continue, despite the Windrush scandal". Mustaqil. Olingan 30 aprel 2018.
  39. ^ "Windrush: Human rights watchdog reviewing UK's 'hostile environment' policy". Sky News. Olingan 12 iyun 2020.
  40. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (25 November 2020). "Home Office broke equalities law with hostile environment measures". The Guardian. Olingan 26 noyabr 2020.
  41. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (10 March 2018). "Londoner denied NHS cancer care: 'It's like I'm being left to die'". The Guardian. Olingan 27 iyun 2018. Official suspicion about his immigration status led to him being evicted last summer, and he was homeless for three weeks. His disputed status has also led to free healthcare being denied.
  42. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (27 April 2018). "Windrush cancer patient has UK residency status confirmed". The Guardian. Olingan 27 iyun 2018. Marshall’s case was the first to attract political attention to the Windrush scandal in March.
  43. ^ Bowcott, Owen (18 April 2018). "Jamaican PM and Labour MP call for Windrush compensation". The Guardian.
  44. ^ a b v d Gentleman, Amelia (18 July 2018). "Revealed: depth of Home Office failures on Windrush". The Guardian. Olingan 20 iyul 2018.
  45. ^ Davis, Nick (21 April 2018). "Stuck in Jamaica: 'My pension, my house and my kids are in the UK'". The Guardian. Olingan 26 iyun 2018. Aloun Ndombet-Assamba, who served as High Commissioner for Jamaica in London between 2012 and 2016. "We put this on the agenda … in Sri Lanka in 2013.
  46. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (8 May 2018). "Home Office told of Windrush errors five years ago, experts say". The Guardian.
  47. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (15 April 2018). "No 10 refuses Caribbean request to discuss children of Windrush". The Guardian. Olingan 27 iyun 2018. Downing Street has rejected a formal diplomatic request to discuss the immigration problems being experienced by some Windrush-generation British residents at this week’s meeting of the Commonwealth heads of government, rebuffing a request from representatives of 12 Caribbean countries made through Gay Xyuitt, High Commissioner for Barbados, for a meeting with the prime minister.
  48. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (28 November 2017). "'I can't eat or sleep': the woman threatened with deportation after 50 years in Britain". The Guardian. Olingan 2 may 2018.
  49. ^ "Commonwealth migrants arriving before 1971, year ending June 2017 – Migration Observatory".
  50. ^ "Who are the Windrush generation?". Bbc.co.uk. 18 aprel 2018 yil.
  51. ^ a b Gentleman, Amelia (25 April 2018). "Immigration scandal expected to spread beyond Windrush group". The Guardian. Olingan 27 iyun 2018.
  52. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (24 April 2018). "'I felt like dirt': disabled Canadian woman told to leave UK after 44 years". The Guardian. Olingan 27 iyun 2018. The letter informed her "of our intention to remove you from the UK to your country of nationality if you do not depart voluntarily. No further notice will be given" … If she decided to stay, the letter warned, "life in the UK will become increasingly difficult"; O’Brien was liable to be arrested, prosecuted and face a possible six-month prison sentence.
  53. ^ Harrison, James (17 November 2017). "Appeal launched to help former Maidenhead pupil facing deportation". Maidenhead Advertiser. Olingan 6 iyul 2018.
  54. ^ a b Gentleman, Amelia (22 February 2018). "Caribbean diplomats ask UK for more compassion for citizens". The Guardian. Olingan 1 iyul 2018. In this system one is guilty before proven innocent rather than the other way around.
  55. ^ Younge, Gary (20 April 2018). "With Windrush, Theresa May mistook a national treasure for an easy target". The Guardian. Olingan 29 iyun 2018.
  56. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (30 March 2018). "Man who moved from Antigua 59 years ago told he is in UK illegally". The Guardian. Olingan 1 iyul 2018. Keyt Osamor said she wanted the Home Office to explain why a large group of black Caribbean men and women who have been here since the 1960s were being targeted by immigration officials.
  57. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (22 April 2018). "'I feel disgusted': how Windrush scandal shattered two brothers' lives". The Guardian. Olingan 30 iyun 2018.
  58. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (22 March 2018). "Theresa May refuses to intervene over man's £54,000 NHS cancer bill". The Guardian. Olingan 30 iyun 2018. Thompson, 63, is not receiving the radiotherapy treatment he needs for prostate cancer because he has been unable to provide officials with sufficient documentary evidence showing that he has lived in the UK continuously since arriving from Jamaica as a teenager in 1973.
  59. ^ Grierson, Jeymi; Marsh, Sarah (31 May 2018). "Vital immigration papers lost by UK Home Office". The Guardian. Olingan 27 iyun 2018. Important original documents submitted to the Home Office by applicants are lost, then applications are denied or applicants remain in limbo, sometimes for years because it is claimed documents are not available. Yvette Kuper said, "The Home Affairs committee and the independent inspectorate have warned the Home Office repeatedly to improve the competency and accuracy of the immigration system. It’s crucial they get the basics right. We’ve even recommended digitising and changing the system so people don’t have to submit so many original documents in the first place, given the risk of loss and delay..
  60. ^ a b Janob, Ameliya. "Home Office destroyed Windrush landing cards, says ex-staffer". The Guardian. Olingan 30 iyun 2018. Employees in his department told their managers it was a bad idea, because these papers were often the last remaining record of a person’s arrival date.
  61. ^ a b "Windrush victims detained 'unlawfully' by Home Office". BBC yangiliklari. 29 iyun 2018 yil. Olingan 1 iyul 2018. The Home Office required standards of proof … which went well beyond those required, even by its own guidance … and which would have been very difficult for anyone to meet.
  62. ^ Halliday, Josh (25 May 2018). "Windrush scandal: 'You don't need that passport, they said'". The Guardian. Olingan 30 iyun 2018. His problems began on 7 May 2012. He was going through Gatwick airport using his new Jamaican passport, as well as his older passport bearing the crucial "indefinite leave to remain" stamp. Instead of letting him keep his old passport, the immigration officer kept it and told him: "You don’t need that, sir."
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  65. ^ "Dossier of Failure - Windrush and the Hostile Environment". Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants and Ozodlik. 23 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 6 iyul 2018.
  66. ^ a b "Pol Foot mukofoti 2018". Maxsus ko'z. Olingan 28 iyun 2018. Yan Hislop: "This was the Windrush scandal – where a cabinet minister was thrown overboard and the ship of state nearly sank."
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  68. ^ a b "David Lammy lambasts government over Windrush deportations". BBC. 16 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 28 iyun 2018. Lammy, calls this a "day of national shame", telling the Commons: "Let us call it as it is. If you lay down with dogs, you get fleas, and that is what has happened with this far right rhetoric in this country."
  69. ^ a b v Watts, Joe (26 April 2018). "Amber Rudd admits deportation targets are used by Home Office after denying it". Mustaqil. Olingan 29 iyun 2018. The home secretary said she was not aware of the targets for deportations being used by some officers, when she told a committee of MPs on Wednesday "that's not how we operate".
  70. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (19 June 2018). "Guardian's Amelia Gentleman wins prize for Windrush reporting". The Guardian. Olingan 30 iyun 2018. judges were impressed by the tenacity of Amelia Gentleman’s work, her determination to tell the stories of the victims of the government’s hostile environment policy, and the enormous impact her work had.
  71. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (14 March 2018). "Theresa May promises to look into man's £54,000 NHS cancer bill". The Guardian. Olingan 29 iyun 2018. May has promised to look into the case of a Londoner asked to pay £54,000 for cancer treatment despite having lived in the UK for 44 years, after Jeremy Corbyn raised it at prime minister's questions.
  72. ^ "Corbyn: PM 'ignored Windrush warnings'". BBC yangiliklari. 22 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 23 aprel 2018.
  73. ^ a b McCann, Kate (23 April 2018). "Amber Rudd vows to waive citizenship fees and language tests for Windrush generation". Daily Telegraph. Olingan 29 aprel 2018.
  74. ^ Peck, Tom (25 April 2016). "Amber Rudd's one hundredth mea culpa for the Windrush Scandal was perhaps the least satisfying of them all". Mustaqil. Olingan 6 iyul 2018. Both Ms Rudd and Mr Williams said they would "go away and find out", whether their own department had been setting removal targets, because neither of them were aware.
  75. ^ a b v d Gentleman, Amelia (28 June 2018). "Home Office pays out £21m after mistakenly detaining 850 people". The Guardian. Olingan 3 iyul 2018. The Home Office mistakenly detained more than 850 people between 2012 and 2017, some of whom were living in the UK legally, and the government was forced to pay out more than £21m in compensation as a result, officials have revealed
  76. ^ "Cooper challenges Rudd on removals 'targets'". BBC yangiliklari. 26 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 27 aprel 2018.
  77. ^ Grierson, Jamie (26 April 2018). "How Amber Rudd came up to speed on migrant removal targets". The Guardian. Olingan 29 iyun 2018. "I don't know what you're referring to," said Amber Rudd, the home secretary, as she was questioned about the existence of targets for removing migrants from the UK.
  78. ^ Xopkins, Nik; Stewart, Heather (28 April 2018). "Amber Rudd was told about migrant removal targets, leak reveals". The Guardian. Olingan 29 aprel 2018.
  79. ^ "Amber Rudd 'didn't see' migrant memo". BBC yangiliklari. 27 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 27 aprel 2018.
  80. ^ Bush, Stephen (27 April 2018). "These latest revelations ought to finish Amber Rudd's career". Yangi shtat arbobi. Olingan 29 aprel 2018. She told the Home Affairs Select Committee that the Home Office had no targets for removals, then that she was unaware of these targets and that they would be scrapped. Now it emerges that she saw the relevant targets herself.
  81. ^ "Leaked memo 'suggests Rudd was told of targets'". BBC yangiliklari. 27 aprel 2018 yil. Olingan 29 aprel 2018.
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  92. ^ Watts, Joe (30 April 2018). "Sajid Javid says Theresa May's 'hostile' immigration rhetoric is not British". Mustaqil. Olingan 1 may 2018.
  93. ^ Tahririyat, Reuters. "New home secretary Javid opposes 'hostile environment' approach to immigration". Buyuk Britaniya. Olingan 1 may 2018.
  94. ^ Windrush row: 63 people could have been wrongly removed, says Javid The Guardian
  95. ^ Home Office admits it has only contacted three Windrush citizens who could have been wrongfully deported Mustaqil
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  97. ^ "Home Office approach to Windrush detention cases has been "shocking"". UK Parliament report. 29 iyun 2018 yil. Olingan 1 iyul 2018. none of the safeguards to prevent against wrongful detention worked. These people were consequently detained unlawfully
  98. ^ "Windrush generation detention Summary -Human Rights Select Committee report". Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti. 29 iyun 2018 yil. Olingan 2 iyul 2018. This report should alert (the Home Secretary) to the scale of human right violations within the powerful department he now leads.
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  102. ^ "The Windrush generation – Summary". Home Affairs Select Committee report. Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti. 3 iyul 2018 yil. Olingan 4 iyul 2018. We are deeply concerned that it took so long for the Government to acknowledge and address the situation of the Windrush generation. Either people at a senior level in the Home Office were aware of the problems being caused but chose to ignore them … or oversight mechanisms failed.
  103. ^ "Javid 'dragging feet' on Windrush compensation". Sky News. 22 iyun 2018 yil. Olingan 4 iyul 2018. The government has not reached a decision on a compensation scheme more than two months after it was raised by MPs
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