Jodugar umumiy (film) - Witchfinder General (film)

Jodugar
WitchfinderPoster.jpg
Britaniya to'rtligi plakat
RejissorMaykl Rivz
Tomonidan ishlab chiqarilganLui M. Heyvard
Filipp Vaddilov
Arnold Miller
Ssenariy muallifiTom Beyker
Maykl Rivz
Qo'shimcha sahnalar:
Lui M. Heyvard
AsoslanganJodugar
tomonidan Ronald Bassett
Bosh rollardaVinsent Narxi
Yan Ogilvi
Rupert Devis
Uilfrid Brambell
Patrik Vimark
Robert Rassel
Nikki Xenson
Xilari Dvayer
Musiqa muallifiPol Ferris
KinematografiyaJon Kokilyon
TahrirlanganXovard Lanning
Ishlab chiqarish
kompaniya
TarqatganTigon British Film Productions (Buyuk Britaniya)
Amerika xalqaro rasmlari (BIZ)
Ishlab chiqarilish sanasi
  • 19 may 1968 yil (1968-05-19) (Birlashgan Qirollik)
  • 14 avgust 1968 yil (1968-08-14) (Nyu-York shahri )
[1][2]
Ish vaqti
86 daqiqa
MamlakatBirlashgan Qirollik
Qo'shma Shtatlar
TilIngliz tili
Byudjet£83,000
Teatr kassasi1,5 million dollar (Shimoliy Amerika ijarasi)[3][4]

Jodugar (ekranda shunday nomlangan Metyu Xopkins: Jodugar) 1968 yil ingliz-amerikalik tarixiy dahshatli film rejissor Maykl Rivz va bosh rollarda Vinsent Narxi, Yan Ogilvi, Xilari Dvayer, Robert Rassel va Rupert Devis. Rivz va Tom Beyker ssenariysi[5] asoslangan edi Ronald Bassett ning romani bir xil ism. A da qilingan kam byudjet 100000 funt sterlingdan kam bo'lgan filmni birgalikda ishlab chiqqan Tigon British Film Productions va Amerika xalqaro rasmlari (AIP). Qo'shma Shtatlarda, Jodugar qayta nomlangan Fathchi qurt (ekranda shunday nomlangan Metyu Xopkins: Fath qurti) ularni avvalgi qatorlari bilan bog'lash uchun AIP tomonidan Edgar Allan Po tomonidan yo'naltirilgan moslashuvlar Rojer Korman va yulduzcha narxlari; chunki uning bayoni Poning biron bir hikoyasiga hech qanday aloqasi yo'q, amerikaliklar nashr etadilar va filmni titul bilan yakunlaydilar she'r Narx tomonidan rivoyat qilish orqali o'qish.

Film qotilning uydirma bayoni jodugar ovi ekspluatatsiyasi Metyu Xopkins (Narx), "deb tayinlangan deb yolg'on da'vo qilgan advokat"Jodugar Finder Generall "davomida parlament tomonidan Ingliz fuqarolar urushi ildiz otmoq sehrgarlik va sehrgarlik.[6] Uning rejasi quyidagicha Dumaloq bosh Xopkins va uning yordamchisini tinimsiz ta'qib qilayotgan askar Richard Marshal (Ogilvi) Jon Stearn (Rassel) uning kelini Sora (Dvayer) ga o'ldirib, ruhoniy amakisi Jon Lounzni (Devis) qatl etgandan keyin.

Rivz o'sha paytda g'ayrioddiy sadist deb hisoblangan ko'plab qattiq qiynoqlar va zo'ravonlik sahnalarini boshqargan. Buning ustiga teatrlashtirilgan chiqish 1968 yilning bahorida va yozida filmning dahshatli mazmuni Buyuk Britaniyada bir nechta kinoshunoslar tomonidan nafrat bilan kutib olindi, garchi u juda ko'p senzuraga uchragan tomonidan Britaniya kino senzurasi kengashi. AQShda film deyarli buzilmagan holda namoyish etildi va kassalarda muvaffaqiyat qozondi, ammo sharhlovchilar deyarli butunlay e'tiborsiz qoldirdilar.

Jodugar oxir-oqibat a ga aylandi diniy film, qisman Rivzning 1969 yilda 25 yoshida alkogol va barbiturat dozasini oshirib yuborishidan vafot etganiga, faqat ozod qilinganidan to'qqiz oy o'tgach.[7] O'tgan yillar davomida bir nechta taniqli tanqidchilar filmni himoya qilishdi, shu jumladan Tim Lukas, J. Hoberman, Denni Piri, Robin Vud va Derek Malkolm; ularning maqtovlari, ayniqsa, yo'nalishi, chiqishlari va musiqiy partiyasiga qaratilgan Pol Ferris. 2005 yilda jurnal Jami film nomlangan Jodugar barcha zamonlarning 15-dahshatli filmi.[8]

Uchastka

1645 yilda, davomida Ingliz fuqarolar urushi, Metyu Xopkins, fursatchi sehrgar, terrorizm hukmronligini o'rnatish uchun ijtimoiy tartib buzilganidan foydalanadi Sharqiy Angliya. Xopkins va uning yordamchisi, Jon Stearn, jodugarlar gumon qilinayotganlarni tan olishlarini shafqatsiz qiynoqqa solib, qishloqdan qishloqqa tashrif buyuring. Ular amalga oshirgan ishlari uchun mahalliy sudyalardan haq oladilar.

Richard Marshall yosh Dumaloq bosh. Qisqa to'qnashuvdan omon qolgan va birinchi dushman askarini o'ldirganidan keyin (va shu tariqa kapitanining hayotini saqlab qolgan), u uyiga minib keladi Brandeston, Suffolk, sevgilisi Sarani ziyorat qilish uchun. Sara - qishloq ruhoniysi Jon Louesning jiyani. Loues Marshalga Saraga uylanish uchun ruxsat berib, unga qishloqqa kelishda muammolar borligini va u Sorani kelguncha uzoqroqda bo'lishini istashini aytdi. Marshal Soradan nega chol qo'rqib ketganini so'raydi. U ularga o'zlarining qishlog'ida tahdid qilishgan va o'zlarini tashlab ketishganini aytdi. Marshal Soraga: "tinchlaning va sizga hech kim ziyon etkazmaydi. Men bunga qasamyod qilaman", deb qasam ichadi. Armiyasi jo'nab ketgach, Marshall o'z polkiga qo'shilish uchun orqaga qaytadi va yo'lda Xopkins va Stearnga duch keladi. Marshal ikki kishiga ko'rsatma beradi Brandeston keyin minib.

Yilda Brandeston, Xopkins va Stearn zudlik bilan gumonlanuvchilarni yaxlitlashni boshlaydilar. Lowes o'z uyida ayblanmoqda va qiynoqqa solingan. Uning orqasiga ignalar tiqilib qolgan ("deb nomlangan joyni topish uchun"Iblisning belgisi ") va o'ldirish arafasida, Sora Xopkinsni amakisi xavfsizligi evaziga unga jinsiy aloqa qilishni taklif qilib to'xtatadi. Ammo tez orada Xopkins boshqa qishloqqa chaqiriladi. Stearn Xopkinsning yo'qligidan foydalanib, Sarani zo'rlagan. Xopkins qachon qaytib keladi va Stearnning qilgan ishlarini bilib oladi, Xopkinsning yosh ayol bilan bundan keyin hech qanday aloqasi bo'lmaydi.U Stearnga Lowesni yana qiynoqqa solishni buyuradi.Qishloqdan chiqishdan oldin, Xopkins va Stearn Loues va ikki ayolni qatl etadilar.

Marshall Brandestonga qaytib keladi va Sora bilan sodir bo'lgan voqeadan dahshatga tushadi. U Xopkinsni ham, Stearni ham o'ldirishga qasam ichadi. Sora bilan "uylanganidan" keyin u o'zi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va unga qochishga ko'rsatma bergan Lavenxem, u o'zi sayr qiladi. Ayni paytda, Xopkins va Stearn otlarining qo'mondoni bo'lishga harakat qilgan Dumaloq boshli patrul harakatlaridan keyin ajralib ketishdi. Marshall Stearnni topadi, ammo shafqatsiz kurashdan so'ng Stearne qochishga qodir. U Xopkins bilan birlashib, unga Marshalning qasos olish istagi haqida xabar beradi.

Xopkins va Stearn qishloqqa kirishadi Lavenxem. Marshal, Qirolni topish uchun patrulda bo'lib, u erda ekanliklarini bilib, tezda askar do'stlari guruhi bilan qishloqqa qarab boradi. Xopkins, bundan oldin Sora Lavenxemda bo'lganligini bilib, Marshalni qo'lga olish uchun tuzoq qo'ydi. Xopkins va Stearn Marshal va Sarani jodugar sifatida ramkaga olib, so'roq qilish uchun ularni qal'aga olib borishadi. Marshal soatlab Sora orqasiga igna sanchilganini ko'rib turibdi, lekin u sehr-joduga iqror bo'lishni istamaydi, aksincha yana Xopkinsni o'ldirishga va'da beradi. U armiyadagi o'rtoqlari qal'a zindoniga yaqinlashishi bilan bir vaqtda, Stearnning yuzidagi zanjir va shtamplardan ozod bo'ladi. Marshall boltani ushlab, Xopkinsga bir necha bor zarba beradi. Askarlar xonaga kirib, do'stining qilgan ishini ko'rib dahshatga tushishdi. Ulardan biri buzilgan, ammo hanuzgacha yashab kelayotgan Xopkinsni azobdan qutqarib, uni otib o'ldiradi. Marshalning xayoli tushib, u qichqiradi: "Siz uni mendan oldingiz! Siz mendan tortib oldingiz!" Aftidan, aqldan ozish yoqasida turgan Sara, o'zini tutolmay qayta-qayta qichqiradi.

Cast

  • Vinsent Narxi kabi Metyu Xopkins. Partiya uchun Maykl Rivzning tanlovi emas, bu faxriy dahshatli yulduzning 75-filmi va American International Pictures-dagi 17-filmi edi. U avvalgi AIP filmlari uchun taqdim etgan ba'zi spektakllarda ba'zi elementlar mavjud edi qarorgoh haddan tashqari ta'sir qilish, lekin Jodugar u nozik va o'lik jiddiy edi. Bu rol Prays uchun juda katta qiyinchilik tug'dirdi, chunki uning Rivz bilan tez-tez to'qnashuvi uni rejissyor nima istayotganiga ishonchsiz qoldirdi. Shunga qaramay, Narx oxir-oqibat o'zini "men taqdim etgan eng yaxshi spektakllardan biri" ni taqdim etganini his qildi.[9]
  • Yan Ogilvi kabi Kornet Richard Marshall. Ogilvi o'spirinligidan Rivz bilan do'st bo'lgan va aktyor ko'plab rejissyorlarning qisqa metrajli havaskor filmlarida suratga tushgan. Ogilvi Rivzning avvalgi ikkita badiiy filmida ham rol o'ynagan, Yirtqich hayvon va Sehrgarlarva bu rol uchun tabiiy birinchi tanlov edi Jodugar's qahramonlik qo'rg'oshini. Rivz bilan ishchi munosabatlarini tavsiflar ekan, Ogilvi "uning texnik jihatlarini mukammal egallaganligi" ni ta'kidladi, ammo "Mayk hech qachon aktyorlarga rejissyorlik qilmagan. U har doim aktyorlik haqida hech narsa bilmasligini aytgan va buni o'zimizga topshirishni afzal ko'rgan", deb qo'shimcha qildi. Ogilvi Prays bilan ishlashni yoqtirar, uni "juda kulgili," malika "tarzida" topar edi.[10]
  • Xilari Dvayer Sara Loues singari. Jodugar Dvayerning debyut badiiy filmi edi. Uning orqasida uch yillik televizion ish bilan birga, Tenser uni ko'rdi va Tigon bilan shartnoma tuzdi. U Rivzni "shunchaki ajoyib ... u bilan ishlashga juda ilhom baxsh etganini his qildi. Va bu mening birinchi filmim ekanligim uchun men omadimni bilmasdim." 21 yoshida u sevgi va zo'rlash sahnalarida "stressli" ko'rinishni topdi. U AIP uchun yana bir necha dahshatli filmlarni suratga olishga kirishadi, ularning aksariyati Prays bilan birga rol o'ynagan, 1970 yillarning oxirlarida aktyorlikdan ketishdan oldin.[10]
  • Rupert Devis Jon Loues singari. Dvayerning amakisi sifatida paydo bo'lib, Jodugar inglizlarning bir nechta dahshatli filmlaridan faqat bittasi edi xarakterli aktyor faoliyatining keyingi bosqichida o'zini topdi. Uning qiynoqlar sahnalarini suratga olish vujudiga joylashtirilgan jonli kalamushlar bilan ko'paytirilishi kerakligini aniqlaganida, Devis quvonmadi. Aktyor Rivzning unga: "Ko'chirma, Rupert! Ko'chirma! Ulardan biri jag'ingni tishlay boshlaguncha kutib tur, shunda sen boshingni biroz qimirlatishing mumkin", deb ko'rsatma berganini esladi.[10]
  • Robert Rassel kabi Jon Stearn. Tez-tez xabar qilinadigan bir latifada Rivz Rassellning baland ovozini bunday qo'pol personajga yaroqsiz deb topgani va uning barcha dialoglari dublyaj qilinganligi aytilgan. Bernard Kay (u ham baliqchini o'ynagan). Biroq, Billi Kelli Rasselning ovozi kelganini ta'kidlab, bu voqeadan shubhalanmoqda Inspektor Klouzo (1968) da paydo bo'lgan narsaga o'xshaydi Jodugar.[11]
  • Patrik Vimark kabi Oliver Kromvel. Wymark taniqli hisob-kitoblarni "bir kunlik" muddatga oldi bit qismi ".[10]
  • Boshqa aktyorlar tarkibiga kiradi Nikki Xenson Trooper Robert Swallow sifatida, Uilfrid Brambell usta Loach sifatida, Toni Selbi Salter sifatida, Bernard Kay Baliqchi sifatida, Godfrey Jeyms Uebb, Maykl Bayn, kapitan Gordon, Jon Treneman, Harkort, Bill Maksvell, Gifford, Morris Jar Pol singari, Maggi Kimberli Yelizaveta singari, Piter Xay Lavenham sudyasi, Xira Talfri osilgan ayol rolida, Enn Tirard keksa ayol, Piter Tomas Farrier, Edvard Palmer Cho'pon rolida, Devid Uebb Jailer sifatida, Li Peters serjant sifatida, David Lyell Footsoldier sifatida, Alf Joint Sentry, Martin Terri Hoxne Innkeeper, Jek Lin, Brandeston Innkeeper, Beaufoy Milton, ruhoniy, Dennis Torn va Maykl Segal, qishloqdoshlar, Toby Lennon, keksa odam, Margaret Nolan, Salli Duglas va Donna o'qish Inn qizlar sifatida, va Derek Ware.[12]

Ishlab chiqarish

Tigon British Film Productions Ronald Bassettning 1966 yilgi romaniga huquq egasi, Jodugar, bu erkin tarixiy asosga asoslangan edi Metyu Xopkins, o'zini jodugarlar jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish va qatl etish uchun parlament tomonidan topshirilgan deb da'vo qilgan o'zini "sehrgar". Hopkinsga hech qachon jodugarlar ov qilish uchun rasmiy vakolatlar berilmagan.[13] Toni Tenser, Tigon asoschisi va ijrochi direktori Bassettning kitobini u hali o'qigan paytida o'qigan edi gala nashr etishdan oldin impuls huquqlarini shakllantiradi va sotib oladi. Roman "zerikarli past darajadagi mashhur tarix" bo'lishiga qaramay, Tenser buni "biron bir ko'lamga ega, kengligi bor edi; film uchun tuval bor edi" deb his qildi.[10]

Yozish

Tigonnikini endigina tugatgan Maykl Rivz Sehrgarlar (1967) bosh rollarda Boris Karloff, Tenserning g'ayratli ma'qullashi bilan uchrashgan hikoya konturini taqdim etdi. Tenser zudlik bilan dastlabki byudjetni yig'ishni boshladi va Rivzdan tezda sovuq ob-havo paytida tortishishlarga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun o'sha yilning sentyabr oyiga qadar ishlab chiqarish boshlanishi kerakligini ta'kidlab, to'liq ssenariyni to'liq surib olishni iltimos qildi. Rivz bolalikdagi do'sti Tom Beykerni (u birgalikda yozgan) chaqirdi Sehrgarlar Rivz bilan) unga stsenariyda yordam berish.[10] Rivz va Beyker ssenariy yozishni boshladilar Donald Pleasence filmning yulduzi sifatida qat'iy yodda. Biroq, bir marta Amerika xalqaro rasmlari ishlab chiqarishda ishtirok etishdi, ular shartnoma yulduzi, Vinsent Narxi, etakchiga berildi va Pleasence filmdan olib tashlandi.[14] Yulduzning keskin o'zgarishi bilan Rivz va Beyker Xopkinsni "samarasiz va nomuvofiq ... bema'ni hokimiyat vakili" sifatida namoyish etishning asl kontseptsiyasini qayta ko'rib chiqishlari kerak edi, ular Pleasence mukammal o'ynashi mumkin deb hisoblashgan. Ular uzoq va dahshatli rollari bilan ajralib turadigan baland va ta'sirchan narxni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yovuz odam bo'lishlari kerakligini bilar edilar va shunga ko'ra o'zlarining ssenariylariga o'zgartirishlar kiritdilar.[10]

O'sha davrdagi ingliz filmlari uchun qonun talabiga binoan, Tsener tomonidan tugatilgan birinchi ssenariy loyihasi 4 avgust kuni Britaniyaning Ksenzuralar Kengashiga (BBFC) taqdim etilgan bo'lib, iloji bo'lgan tsenzurani kutish mumkinmi yoki yo'qligini aniqlash mumkin edi. Xuddi shu kuni BBFC tekshiruvchisi tomonidan dastlabki hisobot e'lon qilindi, u Tenserning "maymun" ekanligini ta'kidlab, ssenariyni "ajoyib hayvon" va "xayolparast" deb atadi. Ssenariy bir necha kundan keyin Tenserga qaytarib berildi, xuddi o'sha tekshiruvchining batafsil bayonotida, u ssenariyni "shafqatsizlik va azob-uqubatlarning har bir tafsiloti mehr bilan yashaydigan sadizmni o'rganish" deb ta'riflagan edi ... ssenariyga ergashgan film. umuman tsenzura muammosiga duch kelishi mumkin edi. " Keyinchalik ikkinchi qoralama yozilib, BBFCga birinchi qoralamadan o'n bir kun o'tgach yuborilganidan so'ng, reaktsiya deyarli bir xil edi. Filmning mumkin bo'lgan tajovuzkorligini kamaytirish bo'yicha talablarning "to'liq ro'yxati" bilan Tenserga qaytarildi.[10]

Rivz va Beyker avvalgi urinishlarning mazmuni bo'yicha "sezilarli darajada pasaytirilgan" uchinchi va yakuniy loyihani yakunladilar. Ssenariyning bir nechta kichik tahrirlari bilan suratga olingan ushbu ssenariy versiyasida birinchi taqdim etilgan loyihalarda tasvirlangan zo'ravonlikning aniq daqiqalari yo'q edi: o'lim spazmlari oldindan kreditlar osilgan qurbon, Lowes po'lat boshoq bilan o'n besh marta pichoq bilan jarohatlangan va snayper qurboni osmonga ag'darilib, daraxtga urilgan. Tasvirlangan ketma-ketlik Nasebi jangi suratga olinishi kerak edi, shu vaqt ichida ekranda askarning boshi kesilishi kerak edi. Eng muhimi, filmning finali butunlay o'zgartirilgan. Dastlabki qismida, Stearn bir qator lo'lilar bilan uchrashib, ayollaridan birini zo'rlashga urinmoqda, ular hujumchiga qarshi bosh barmoqlarini ko'zlariga tiqib, uni ko'r qilib muvaffaqiyatli kurash olib borishmoqda. Keyin lo'lilar uni o'ldirishdi. Marshall keladi va lo'lilarga Xopkinsga pistirmada yordam berishiga ishontiradi. Marshall Xopkinsni shafqatsizlarcha kaltaklaydi, u qonli odamdan "iqror" qilishga majbur qiladi. Marshall Xopkinsni qisman g'arq qiladi (uning bosh barmog'i oyoqlariga bog'langan), so'ngra uni osib qo'yadi. Tenser ilgari Nasebi jangi va lo'lilarning tugashi bilan bog'liq xavotirlarni bildirgan va bu ikkalasi ham qo'shimcha qo'shimchalar guruhlarini jalb qilishni talab qilishini ta'kidlagan edi. U Rivz va Beykerdan janglar ketma-ketligini olib tashlashni va yakuniy chaqiruv tugashini soddalashtirishni iltimos qildi.[10][15]

Suratga olish

Ishlab chiqarish 1967 yil 18 sentyabrda 83000 funt sterling miqdorida boshlandi. 32 ming funt sterling AIP tomonidan ta'minlandi, uning narxi va xarajatlari uchun 12000 funt sterling, ishlab chiqarish xarajatlari uchun 20000 funt sterling miqdorida. Sobiq BBC radiosi va yozuvlar prodyuseri Filipp Vaddilove sherik prodyuserlik to'lovlari evaziga 5000 funt sterling qo'shdi.[16] Garchi film Tigon tarixidagi eng katta byudjetga ega bo'lgan nom bo'lsa-da, AIP uchun ularning byudjeti qismi nisbatan kichik pul sarflanishini anglatadi. AIP rahbarlari tomonidan haqiqiy sifat jihatidan juda ko'p narsa kutilmagan edi Samuel Z. Arkoff va Jeyms H. Nikolson, va film a dan boshqa narsa bo'lmasligi kerak edi soliqni hisobdan chiqarish.[10]

Ichki makon yaqinida maxsus konvertatsiya qilingan ikkita samolyot angarida suratga olingan Sankt-Edmundsni dafn eting yilda Suffolk 1500 funt evaziga ijaraga olingan; ushbu xarajat o'lchovi keyinchalik dialogni ko'p vaqt o'tmay qayta yozib olishga majbur bo'ldi, chunki angarlarning qalay tomlari aks sado berdi.[15] Tashqi kadrlar Dunvich Sohil (baliqchi bilan sahna uchun) London tashqarisidagi Langli bog'iga (Stearne qochib ketadigan joy uchun). The kuzatuv zarbasi Dastlabki kreditlar suratga olingandan keyin pistirma haqida Qora park janubi-sharqda Bukingemshir, tomonidan tez-tez ishlatiladigan joy Hammer Film Productions.[15] Lavenxem Jodugarlarni yoqish joyi bo'lgan maydon (Lavenham, Suffolk shahrida) haqiqiy Lavenham bozor maydoniga aylandi; ekipaj televizor antennalarini va telefon simlarini tushirdi va Waddilove yolladi a gilos yig'uvchi mahalliy kommunal xizmat ko'rsatuvchi kompaniyadan 10 funt sterling evaziga sotib olish mumkin, chunki bu birlik uni sotib ololmaydi kamerali kran.[15] Qovish sahnalarida otda tomosha qilingan qishloq manzaralari o'qqa tutilgan Stenford jang maydoni yaqin Thetford, Norfolk - bilan bog'lanish orqali ishlab chiqaruvchi hukumat, hududning ayrim qismlarini ijaraga olishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.[15] Filmda ishlatilgan cherkov St John The Xushxabarchi yilda Norfolkdagi Rushford.[17] The xandaq cho'kish va osib qo'yish sahnalari tasvirga olingan Kentuell Xoll, yilda Long Melford. Filmning avj nuqtasi o'qqa tutilgan Orford qasri, Sharqiy Angliya qirg'og'ida joylashgan Ingliz merosi mulk. Filmni suratga olish 1967 yil 13-noyabrda belgilanganidek.[14][18]

Rivz va Prayz o'rtasida yuzaga kelgan murosasiz antagonistik munosabatlarni hisobga olmaganda, ishlab chiqarish nisbatan silliq kechdi. Rivz prodyuserlik bilan bog'liq har kimdan sir tutganki, amerikalik aktyor bu rol uchun uning tanlovi emas edi va rejissyorning izohlari aktyorga AQShda qaytib kelgan. Rivz Narx bilan uchrashish odobidan bosh tortdi Xitrou aeroporti u Angliyaga kelganida, "narxni ham, AIPni ham xafa qilish uchun hisoblab chiqilgan qasddan".[10] Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, "Meni xudo la'natlagan yosh dahoga olib boring", - deydi Prays Rivz o'rniga aeroportda aktyorni kutib olgan qo'shma prodyuser Filipp Vaddilovega.[19] Prays manzilga borganida va Rivz bilan birinchi marta uchrashganida, yosh rejissyor aktyorga “Men seni xohlamadim va men ham hali ham seni istamayman, lekin men senga yopishib qoldim! "[10]

Ga binoan Kim Nyuman uning kitobida, Kabusli filmlar, Rivz sahnada biron bir taklif bilan chiqqanda, Prays e'tiroz bildirdi va rejissyorga: "Men 87 ta qildim [sic ] filmlar. Nima bor siz Bajardingizmi? "Va Rivz javob berdi:" Men uchta yaxshi narsani qildim. "[20] "Rivz meni yomon ko'rardi", deb keyinchalik esladi Prays. "U meni umuman istamadi. Men ham uni yoqtirmadim. Bu hayotimda birinchilardan bo'lib men rejissyor bilan shunchaki to'qnashgan rasmda bo'lganman".[21]Prays sahnadagi barcha aktyorlar rejissyor bilan qiynalib qolishganini sezdi va quyidagilarni tushuntirdi: "Maykl Rivz aktyorlar bilan aloqa qila olmadi. U meni to'xtatib:" Boshingizni shunday qo'zg'atmang ", deb aytardi. Va men: "Nimani yoqtirasiz? Siz nima demoqchisiz?" U: "Mana, siz yana shunday qilyapsiz, bunday qilmang", deb aytgan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Rivz Rivsdan shunchalik xafa bo'lganki, u filmni tomosha qilishdan bosh tortgan kundalik nashrlar.[19]

Bir sahnada Rivzga otish uchun Prays kerak edi toshbo'ron u minib yurgan otning quloqlari orasida. Rivz qurolning tutuni ko'rinadigan bo'lishi uchun haqiqiy bo'sh zaryaddan foydalanishni buyurganini anglaganida, u: "Nima? Siz qurol miltiqning quloqlari orasida portlashini xohlaysizmi? Qanday qilib? u munosabat bildiradimi? " Biroq, Rivz turib oldi va qurol o'q uzilgach, ot o'stirib, Praysni erga ag'darib yubordi. Narx zarar ko'rmadi, lekin u voqeadan juda g'azablandi.[10]

Rasmga tushirishning so'nggi kuni Narx suratga olish majmuasida paydo bo'ldi. Rivd Vaddilovga ko'zi tushdi: "U mast edi - u mening to'plamimda qanday qilib jur'at etdi! Men yaramasni o'ldiraman." Tez orada Waddilove Rivz aktyordan alamli qasos olishni rejalashtirganini aniqladi. Praysning zo'ravon o'lim sahnasiga tayyorgarlik paytida, rejissyor Ogilviga sahna boltasi bilan "haqiqatan ham Vinsentga yotishni" buyurganini eshitgan. Garchi bu voqea Ogilvining videotasviriga tushirilganida, u haqiqatan ham soxta bo'lmagan zarbalar bilan javob bergan bo'lsa-da, Vaddilove avvalroq ko'pikli plomba topib, unga Prays kostyumini o'rnatgan va aktyorni har qanday jarohatdan himoya qilgan.[10]

Prodyuserlik paytida ikki kishining ziddiyatiga qaramay, keyingi yil Prays filmni ko'rgach, u nihoyat Rivz nima bo'lganini tushunganini tan oldi va yosh rejissyorga filmni maqtagan o'n sahifali xat yozdi. Rivz Praysni qaytarib yozgan: "Men sizning shunday deb o'ylashingizni bilar edim". Rivz vafotidan bir necha yil o'tgach, Prays shunday dedi: "Men uning xohlagan narsasi past kalitli, juda yumshoq va tahlikali ko'rsatkich ekanligini tushunib etdim. U buni uddaladi, lekin men u bilan deyarli har qadamda kurashardim. Agar u nima ekanligini bilsam edi xohlaganida, men hamkorlik qilgan bo'lardim. "[19]

Qiyofa bilan bo'lgan qiyin munosabatlaridan tashqari, Rivz tortishish paytida bir nechta ishlab chiqarish muammolarini hal qilishi kerak edi. Birinchi kuni Narxni otidan uloqtirib tashlashdi va sog'lig'ini tiklash uchun mehmonxonasiga qaytarib yuborishdi. Ertasi kuni aktyor ishga qaytdi.[15] Filmni suratga olish oxiriga kelib, Britaniyalik texniklar kasaba uyushmasi ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi kasaba uyushma qoidalariga binoan etarlicha katta ekipaj yollamasligini bilib, ish tashlash e'lon qilindi. Qo'shimcha odam yollangandan so'ng, ekipaj ishini davom ettirdi.[15] Ikki marta, Rivzda aktyorlar etishmayotgan edi. Waddilove Wymarkning bir kunlik sahnasi davomida mavjud bo'lmagan aktyorni Dumaloq bosh ofitseri sifatida almashtirdi. Jodugarni yoqish ketma-ketligi paytida Vaddilovaning rafiqasi Susi hayvonlarni o'rab turgan ayollardan birini o'ynagan.[15]

Davomiylik muammosi tufayli filmning shiddatli tugashi ssenariydan chetga chiqdi. Yozilganidek, sahnada Trooper Swallow Hopkins va Richardning ikkalasini ham otish uchun o'zining va Harcourtning "miltillat" avtomatlaridan foydalanishi kerak edi. Biroq, avvalgi sahnalarda faqat Harcourt to'pponcha ko'tarib tasvirlangan va shu sababli faqat bitta odamni otib tashlash mumkin edi. Qachon bu fitna teshigi Rivz darhol aktyor Nikki Xensonga shunday dedi: "Yaxshi, shunchaki Vinsentni otib tashla, men Yanni qichqiriq va qichqiriqni qabul qilib, aqldan ozayin. freymni muzlatish - Xilari Dvayer qichqiradi.[22]

Bir nechta qo'shimcha yalang'och sahnalar ishlab chiqarish jarayonida suratga olingan. A ga sozlang pab Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, mahalliy "qo'ltiqchalar" ishtirokidagi filmlar ketma-ketligi faqat filmning nemis tilidagi versiyasi uchun mo'ljallangan.[19] Rivz ushbu ketma-ketliklarni suratga olishda ishtirok etishdan bosh tortdi va ular ekipaj tomonidan sahnalarning "muntazam" versiyalari suratga olingandan so'ng yakunlandi, rejissyor Tigonning Tenseri ijro etildi.[10] Waddilovega ko'ra, Lui M. Heyvard ushbu qo'shimcha sahnalarning suratga olinishini ta'minlash uchun faqatgina ushbu joyda paydo bo'ldi.[16] Kreditlarda "Lui M Heyvardning qo'shimcha sahnalari" deb yozilgan. Ogilvining so'zlariga ko'ra, bu hazilda chunki Rivz uchun "qo'shimcha sahnalar" "prodyuserning eshkak eshib, rejissyor qilgan ishini buzishi" degan ma'noni anglatadi.[16]

Soundtrack

Jodugar
Soundtrack albomi tomonidan
Pol Ferris
Chiqarildi2013 yil 24-noyabr (2013-11-24)[23]
Yozib olinganOlimpiya studiyalari, 1968 yil fevral
JanrFilm ballari, zamonaviy klassik
Uzunlik50:00
YorliqDe Vulfe musiqasi

Witchfinder General 's nishonlandi Xol Rivzning do'sti tomonidan yaratilgan Pol Ferris, ilgari gol urgan Sehrgarlarva "Morris Jar" taxallusi ostida filmda rol o'ynagan (uning sevimli kompozitoriga havola, Moris Jarre ). U xalq qo'shig'idan ilhom oldi "Greinsleeves "Tinch intermediya" romantik mavzusini yozishda, uning vaqtini uyg'otish vositasi sifatida, shuningdek filmning zo'ravonligiga qarshi nuqta sifatida xizmat qiladi.[24] Film tanqidchisi Tim Lukas hisobini shu bilan taqqosladi Marchello Jombini uchun musiqa swashbuckler filmi Qasoskorning pichoqlari (1966), ikkala film ham "metaforik vazifasini bajaradigan" tarixiy melodrama [lar] G'arbliklar ".[25]

Ferrisning ambitsiyalari Tenser bilan to'qnashdi; bastakor an'anaviy tarzda ijro etilishiga umid qildi Elizabet asboblari, byudjet sabablari bilan Tenser veto qo'ygan ijodiy tanlov. Buning o'rniga u yozgan 55 qismli orkestrni boshqargan Olimpiya studiyalari 1968 yil fevralda; u Tenser qo'shimcha mablag'larni sanktsiyalashdan bosh tortganda, ijrochilarning aksariyat maoshlarini o'z pullari bilan to'lagan, ammo keyinchalik Tenser uning sa'y-harakatlari bilan taassurot qoldirganidan keyin uning o'rnini qoplagan. Ferris nashriyotni va soundtrack uchun master huquqlarini sotdi De Vulfe musiqasi, kim uni o'zlarining katta kutubxonasiga kiritgan fond musiqasi va hisobni chiqarib tashladi Piter ritsari Tigon / AIP filmi uchun musiqa Qip-qizil qurbongohning la'nati, ularning albomida Ajablanadigan joy, "London studiyasi orkestri" ga yozilgan. Ferrisning ko'plab treklari turli xil filmlarda va teledasturlarda ishlatilgan. Oxir oqibat De Wolfe 2013 yilda rasmiy soundtrack albomini chiqardi; CD-versiyada filmdan kadrlarni o'z ichiga olgan 12 sahifali buklet va layner yozuvlari Tenser biografi Jon Xemilton tomonidan.[24]

Barcha musiqa Pol Ferris tomonidan yaratilgan.
Yo'qSarlavhaUzunlik
1."Witchfinder General - Sarlavhalarni ochish"2:05
2."Drama Sting, №1"0:11
3.- Kapitan Gordon sizmisiz?0:34
4."Uyga deyarli"1:06
5."Tinch intermediya"1:36
6."Xopkins va Stearn"0:24
7."Zulmatda sayohat"1:51
8."Suv bo'yida"0:51
9."Ruhoniyni so'roq qilish"3:49
10."Tavernada"0:53
11."Gaol"1:11
12."Soyada"1:51
13."Stearn Saraga hujum qiladi"1:00
14."Tungi, № 3"0:49
15."Sara ko'z yoshlari"0:17
16."Cho'pon"3:23
17."Daraxtdan osilgan"0:59
18."Richard Sara bilan sayohat qilmoqda"1:48
19."Yumshoq intermediya"2:49
20."Harakat kayfiyati"3:45
21."Sotilmayapti"1:43
22."Stearn qochib ketmoqda"1:36
23."Bu mening adolatim"0:10
24."Master Loach"0:23
25."Lavenhamga"0:30
26."Xopkins duch keldi"2:01
27."Birlashdi"1:23
28."Beva ayol"0:13
29."Aybdor"2:52
30."Qal'aning zindoni"3:32
31."Witchfinder General - yakuniy kreditlar"1:30
32."Jodugar fitnasi (bonusli trek)"0:26
33."Witchfinder Tension (Bonus Track)"2:29
Umumiy uzunligi:50:00

Tsenzura

O'z vaqtida, Jodugar g'ayrioddiy sadistik film deb qaraldi. Britaniyalik kino senzurasi Jon Trevelyan xabarlarga ko'ra Maykl Rivzning uzoq qarindoshi bo'lgan[9] va Rivz nega bunday shiddatli zo'ravonlikni filmga kiritish zarurligini tushuntirganida, rejissyorning yaxshi niyatlarini qabul qildi. Trevelyan shunga qaramay: "Film zo'ravonlik va xususan, tijorat maqsadlarida sadizmni ekspluatatsiya qilgandek taassurot qoldirdi". Binobarin, film tomonidan keng kesilgan Britaniya kino senzurasi kengashi uning Buyuk Britaniyada chiqarilishi uchun. "Sadistlik shafqatsizligi" deb ta'riflangan deyarli ikki to'liq daqiqa olib tashlandi. Rivz dastlabki kichik qisqartirishlarning bir qismini o'zi amalga oshirishga rozi bo'ldi, ammo qo'shimcha va kengroq talablar qo'yilganda u har qanday tahrirda qatnashishdan qat'iyan bosh tortdi.[10]

Trevelyanning ta'kidlashicha, keyinchalik Rivz unga qisqartirishlar u kutganidek zararli emasligini tan olgan xat yozgan.[22] Maktubning biron bir nusxasi hech qachon paydo bo'lmagan va keyinchalik rejissyor "tahrirlarni filmni qanday buzganligi" haqida bir nechta boshqa izohlarga asoslanib, Rivzning biografisi Benjamin Xalliganning fikricha, Trevelyan ushbu xatning mavjudligini qandaydir tarzda "noto'g'ri eslab", uni aralashtirib yuborgan bo'lishi mumkin. u BBFC-ning yumshoqligi uchun iltimos qilgan direktorning oldingi missiyasi.[10]

Mavzular

Uchun yozilgan asarda BFI ning 50 yilligini nishonlash Witchfinder General 's original ozod, Adam Scovell "qurollangan e'tiqod "- Hopkins tomonidan hokimiyatni qo'lga kiritish va uning shahvoniy va siyosiy ambitsiyalarini bajarish vositasi sifatida xalqning mantiqsizligi va xurofotlarini ekspluatatsiya qilish bilan ifodalanadi - filmning asosiy mavzusi sifatida" e'tiqod uning qilichini yaratmaydi, balki "albatta uni keskinlashtiradi". Shuningdek, "pastoral zo'ravonlik ", bu bilan ingliz qishloqlarining go'zalligi o'ta zo'ravonlik harakatlariga, xususan ochilgan sahnada mahkum qilingan jodugarning osib qo'yilishini tasvirlaydi.[1] Yozish Cine Outsider, Jerri Vaytning ishonishicha, film "bu tuyg'uni ajoyib tarzda qayta tiklaydi ijtimoiy kollaps "va uning sharhi nafaqat tarixiy siyosatni tanqid qilishda munosib ahamiyatga ega ekanligini aniqladi jodugar ovi, shuningdek, zamonaviy tomoshabinlar bilan birgalikda jarangdor bo'lar edi Makkartizm va Vetnam urushi.[26]

Kengaymoqda Iain Sinclair "Filmning muvaffaqiyati [Tom] Beyker o'rtasidagi ziddiyatda Utopik yo'l qo'yuvchanlik, uning mamlakatga bo'lgan munosabati va Rivzning jinlar fatalizmi ", Nayt Nyuman tomonidan toifalarga ajratilgan Jodugar sifatida "ingliz G'arbiy ",[27] Rivzning azaldan bu janrga bo'lgan muhabbatini va filmning unga, shu jumladan unga o'xshashliklariga e'tibor qaratdi Fuqarolar urushi sozlash, tez-tez ot minadigan ketma-ketliklar, yaxshilik va yomonlik o'rtasidagi aniq farqlar va Marshallning Xopkinsdan qasos olishga intilishi. Javob berish Devid Pirie Filmni "tarixdagi eng shaxsiy va etuk bayonotlardan biri" deb tan olish Britaniya kinosi ", shuningdek, u filmni ingliz fuqarolar urushi haqidagi (shu kabi asarlar kam) xayoliy tasvirlardan biri deb hisoblaydi (bu kabi asarlar kam). Yangi model armiya va Yaxshi eski sabab kabi filmlar bilan taqqoslaganda Kromvel (1970) va Qirolni o'ldirish uchun (2003), u "haqiqatning ajralgan travestiyalari, Rivzning kam byudjetli, qo'lbola marvaridning vimyoni, ko'rishi, intensivligi va ixtirosidan mahrum bo'lgan Kromvelning shunchaki hagiografiyalari" deb ta'riflagan.[26] Rivzning karerasining qisqarishini hisobga olgan holda, Halligan ta'kidlaganidek, film o'zining kinorejissyor sifatida evolyutsiyasida eng yuqori cho'qqini ko'rsatmoqda. Yirtqich hayvon tuzoqlariga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yondoshishni ifodalaydi dahshat janri, Sehrgarlar kinematografiyaning o'ziga allegorik sharh sifatida harakat qilish va Jodugar ustunlik qiladigan ish bo'lib xizmat qiladi janrdagi fantastika uning konventsiyalaridan foydalanib, "umuman boshqacha narsa" yaratish.[28]

Chiqarish

Buyuk Britaniyaning ziyofati

Hatto qisqartirilgan versiyasi ham Buyuk Britaniyaning kino tanqidchilari tomonidan katta tortishuvlarga duch keldi. Dilys Pauell yilda Sunday Times "17-asrda osilgan, yoqib yuborilgan, zo'rlagan, qichqirgan va Vinsent Prayz Angliyaning qiynoq nazorati uchun mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan. shikoyat qildi. O'ziga xos ko'ngil aynishi".[14] The Guardian film "beadab sadizm" bilan to'lganini his qildi.[22] Margaret Xinxman Sunday Telegraph buni "sadistik ekstravaganza" deb rad etdi.[22]

Shunga qaramay, bir nechta tanqidchilar filmni maqtovga loyiq deb hisoblashdi. Jon Rassel Teylor Londonda Times Shanba sharhi "" filmi juda baxtli va qasddan dahshatli filmdir, ya'ni uning boshqa narsaga o'xshash o'ziga xos da'vosi yo'q ... Maykl Rivzning ba'zi bir iddialilar bilan muomalasi bo'lsa, unda uning obro'siga ega bo'ladigan juda ko'p narsa bor. , ammo tubdan jiddiy mavzu yo'q ... Janob Rivz endi shunchaki umidvor emas. Uning orqasida allaqachon haqiqiy yutuqlar bor: shunchaki yaxshi dahshatli filmlar emas, balki yaxshi filmlar, davr. "[14] Filmlar va suratga olish qayd etdi "Jodugar aniq "xabar" yo'q, lekin umidsizlik buloqlari haqida biron bir narsani aytadi va uni kuch bilan aytadi. Bu juda qo'rqinchli film ... Metyu Xopkins - Praysning so'nggi spektakllari ichida eng yaxshisi. Jodugar bu dahshatli film emas; ammo bu juda dahshatli ... "[14]

Oylik filmlar byulleteni kuzatgan, "O'shandan beri emas Tomni ko'zdan kechirish kinofilm va bepusht zo'ravonlik haqida shunday e'tiroz uyg'otdi ... filmning ohanglari g'alati ovozsiz, qiynoq va o'lim bilan juda ko'p, ammo aslida va stresssiz ko'rib chiqilgan ... Butun film davomida Birgalikda bo'lmagan vaqtning aniq tuyg'usi, bu xuddi o'rmonda ko'rinmaydigan hujumchilarga qarshi kurash olib boradigan yoki jang boshlanishini kutib turgan joyda charchab osiladigan askarlarning adashgan guruhlaridan kelib chiqadi, chunki bu nom ostida sodir etilgan qonli jinoyatlar. Metyu Xopkins tomonidan yozilgan din ".[29]

Dramaturg Alan Bennet tomonidan ayniqsa qaytarilgan Jodugar. Uning muntazam ustunida Tinglovchi, film namoyish etilganidan sakkiz kun o'tgach nashr etilgan Bennett dahshatli filmlarni har doim "qorin kulishi bilan tinish" kerakligini his qilganini va Rivzning umuman hazilsiz filmiga "men ko'rgan eng qat'iy sadist va axloqiy jihatdan chirigan film" deb hujum qilganini tushuntirib berdi. bu bilan meni iflos his qildim ".[10]

Rivz g'azablansa-da, uning javobi Bennettning reaktsiyasi uning bunday o'ta zo'ravonliklarni kiritish to'g'risidagi qarori materialga to'g'ri yondoshganligining isboti deb hisoblaganligini ko'rsatdi. Yilda nashr etilgan maktubida Tinglovchi, Rivz ta'kidlagan: "Albatta, har qanday o'yin-kulgida eng axloqsiz narsa bu tomoshabinlarni zo'ravonlikni qabul qilishi va undan bahramand bo'lishidir. Zo'ravonlik dahshatli, kamsituvchi va ashaddiydir. Biror kishi buni ekranda umuman namoyish qilmoqchi bo'lsa shunday taqdim etilishi kerak - va odamlarning soni qancha ko'p bo'lsa, bu faktlarni tanib olish yaxshiroq bo'ladi ... Men janob Bennett mening filmim unga bergan "iflos" tuyg'uni g'azab bilan yuvmoqchi bo'lganiga guvoh bo'lganimda edi, bu dalil bo'lar edi. aslida Jodugar maqsadga muvofiq ishlaydi. "[10]

AQSh qabulxonasi

BIZ film afishasi, unda sarlavha berilgan Fathchi qurt filmni avvalgi AIP filmlari bilan bog'lash Corman-Poe tsikli.

AIP rahbarlari Arkoff va Nikolson dastlab byudjetning o'z qismini soliqni hisobdan chiqarish sifatida to'lashgan, ammo ular tugallangan film namoyish etilganda ular uning sifatidan hayratda qolishgan. Nikolson Lui Heyvordga "Bu biz Angliyadan olgan eng yaxshi narsalardan biri. Hamma bu so'nggi bir necha yil ichida Po seriyasidagi eng yaxshi prodyuser haqida o'ylaydi" dedi. Arkoffning ta'kidlashicha, "Maykl Rivz Vinsentda anchadan beri ko'rilmagan ba'zi bir elementlarni chiqarib tashlagan. Vinsent rasmda ko'proq vahshiyroq edi. Maykl chindan ham undagi to'plarni olib chiqdi. Men Vinsentning dahshatli ekanligidan hayron bo'ldim ... Men buni kutmagan edim. "[10]

AQShda film hech kimga bo'ysunmagan tsenzura umuman AIPning odatdagi aralashmasi deyarli buzilmagan holda chiqarildi haydovchilar va tegirmon uylari a ikki baravar bilan Yosh, yovuzlik va vahshiylik (1968).[30] Biroq, filmni Rojer Kormanning avvalgi Edgar Allan Po seriyasining filmlari bilan bog'lashga urinib, u qayta nomlandi Fathchi qurt. Qisqacha prolog va epilog Poning she'ridan olingan rivoyatlar (narx bo'yicha) yangi sarlavhani asoslash uchun qo'shilgan. Danni Piri ta'kidlaganidek Kultga oid filmlar book, the film went nearly unnoticed by critics during its US release: "The few snoozing trade reviewers who saw it treated it as just another entry in AIP's Edgar Allan Poe series … and gave it such dismal notices that future bookings were scarce."[31]

Of those who did see it, Hollywood Citizen News was appalled by the film: "A disgrace to the producers and scripters, and a sad commentary on the art of filmmaking … a film with such bestial brutality and orgiastic sadism, one wonders how it ever passed customs to be released in this country."[14] The trade journal Teatr kassasi noted that: "Fans of the horror film will be glad to know that Vincent Price is back to add another portrait to his gallery of arch-fiends … bathed in the most stomach-churning gore imaginable …"[14] Turli xillik opined that "Dwyer gives evidence of acting talent, but she and all principals are hampered by Michael Reeves's mediocre script and ordinary direction."[32]

In a more favourable notice written for The New York Times, Renata Adler expressed that the film featured "any number of attractive young aspiring stars who seem to have been cast … mainly for their ability to scream. … Price has a good time as a materialistic witch-hunter and woman-disfigurer and dismemberer, and the audience at the dark, ornate Yangi Amsterdam seemed to have a good time as well. There are lines like, "Take three good men and ride into East Anglia," through which a man behind me snored and a middle-aged couple next to him quarreled viciously, but people woke up for the action and particularly cheered when Price was hacked to death".[2] Despite the lack of critical support, the movie was a modest success stateside, earning $1.5 million for AIP according to Cinefantastique jurnal.[21] In his biography of Reeves, Benjamin Halligan claims the film made $10 million in the US.[10]

Reassessment

Very soon after its initial release in the spring of 1968, several critics began championing the film in the UK and US. Robin Vud deb yozgan "Witchfinder General is certainly [Reeves'] most successfully achieved work … what one is immediately struck by is the assurance and intensity of what is on the screen… the English countryside is felt as a real presence: it is difficult to think of other films in which it has been used so sensitively and meaningfully. With it is associated Paul Ferris' theme-music, which suggests a traditional air without being actual quotation. Against the peace and fertility of nature is set the depravity of men."[33]

David Pirie, who wrote extensively and enthusiastically about the film in his 1973 book A Heritage of Horror, reviewed the film in 1971 for Taym-aut; turib qolish; tanaffus, commenting: "one of the most personal and mature statements in the history of British cinema … The performances are generally excellent, and no film before or since has used the British countryside in quite the same way."[34] Danny Peary noted, "The Conqueror Worm is a stunning film in many ways, but probably Reeves's greatest achievement is that he was able to maintain an extraordinary momentum throughout, until the film ends as it began, with a woman (this time Sara) screaming."

2000 yilda, Derek Malcolm kiritilgan Witchfinder General as part of his series The Century of Films, a list of what he considered to be the one hundred most "artistically or culturally important" movies of the 20th Century. Malcolm asserted that the film "is one of the most compulsively watchable ever made in Britain" and "transcends its genre with the sheer panache of its making."[35] 2005 yilda, J. Hoberman ning Qishloq ovozi stated that the film "has long been a cult item—in part because its talented 25-year-old director, Michael Reeves, died of a drug overdose before [sic ] the film's release, but mainly because it is an extraordinarily bleak story of political evil … Reeves shot on location and the movie has a robust autumnal quality perfectly matched by Price's overripe performance … it remains contemporary, and even frightening, in its evocation of cynical Puritanism and mass deception."[36]

A contrary assessment came from Alex Cox, who in his introduction to the film in a 1992 episode of BBC2 "s Moviedrome, praised Price's performance as being "untroubled" by his American accent, but otherwise described the film as a "fairly routine Price horror movie with none of the excessive genius of the Roger Corman/Edgar Allan Poe films", finding its violence to be "relatively tame" compared to the 13-juma va Elm ko'chasidagi kabus filmlar.[37]

Ta'sir

Writer Mark Thomas McGee noted that Witchfinder General "did fantastic business and kicked off a second wave of Edgar Allan Poe movies" produced by American International Pictures, including Gordon Xessler "s The Oblong Box starring Price (originally scheduled to be directed by Reeves, but handed over to Hessler after Reeves bowed out a week prior to production)[10] va Murders in the Rue Morgue (1971).[19] Hessler's Bansheining faryodi (1970), which featured Witchfinder co-stars Price and Hilary Dwyer, was also vaguely associated with Poe in advertisements ("Edgar Allan Poe Probes New Depths of Terror!"[38]); it was dismissed by AllMovie as "a rehashing of Witchfinder General."[39]

According to AIP's Louis Heyward, Witchfinder General "was very successful in Germany—it was the most successful of the violence pictures—it started a vogue."[21] "Copycat" films financed, or partially financed, by German production companies included Iblisning belgisi (1970), with Gerbert Lom va Udo Kier, Qonli hakam (1970), rejissyor Jesus Franco va bosh rollarda Kristofer Li va Hexen geschändet und zu Tode gequält (1973), released in the U.S. years later on video as Iblisning belgisi II qism.[40]

Tigon's own Shaytonning tirnoqidagi qon (1970) was produced "as a successor, in spirit if not in story" to Witchfinder General, and borrowed Reeves's usage of "the usually tranquil English countryside as a place of terror."[41] Mark Gatiss has referred to the film as a prime example of a short-lived subgenre he called "folk horror", grouping it with Satan's Claw va Bo'ri odam.[42][43]

Some critics maintain that Ken Rassel "s Iblislar (1971) was influenced by Reeves's film, with one writer calling Russell's movie "the apex of the 'historical' witch-persecution films started by Witchfinder General."[44] However, Russell said that he hated Reeves's film, describing it as "one of the worst movies I have ever seen and certainly the most nauseous."[10]

The film was the inspiration for a BBC radiosi 4 o'ynash Vincent Price and The Horror of The English Blood Beast by Matthew Broughton, first broadcast in March 2010.[45]

In 2016, director Nikolas Winding Refn revealed that he had bought the qayta tuzish rights to Witchfinder General.[46]

Tarixiy aniqlik

While some reviewers have praised the film for its ostensible "historical accuracy",[47][48] others have strongly questioned its adherence to historical fact. Dr. Malcolm Gaskill, Yo'ldosh and former Director of Studies in history at Cherchill kolleji, Kembrij, and author of Witchfinders: A 17th-Century English Tragedy,[49] critiqued the film for the 4-kanal History website, calling it "a travesty of historical truth" while acknowledging that "there is much to be said in favour of Witchfinder General—but as a film, not as history." Based purely on its level of historical accuracy, Gaskill gave the film "3 stars" on a scale of 0–10.[13]

Gaskill had several complaints regarding the film's "distortions and flights of fancy". While Hopkins and his assistant John Stearne really did torture, try and hang John Lowes, the vicar of Brandeston, Gaskill notes that other than those basic facts the film's narrative is "almost completely fictitious." In the movie, the fictional character of Richard Marshall pursues Hopkins relentlessly to death, but in reality the "gentry, magistrates and clergy, who undermined his work in print and at law" were in pursuit of Hopkins throughout his (brief) murderous career, as he was never legally sanctioned to perform his witch-hunting duties. Hopkins was also not axed to death, and instead "withered away from iste'mol uning Esseks home in 1647". Price was 56 when he played Hopkins, but "the real Hopkins was in his 20s". According to Gaskill, one of the film's "most striking errors is its total omission of court cases: witches are simply tortured, then hanged from the nearest tree."[13]

Home video versions

Censorship and musical rights issues kept a complete, pristine version of Witchfinder General from being released on video tasma, LaserDisc yoki DVD ko'p yillar davomida. Although uncensored theatrical prints have been available for archival showings in the US for several years, video releases of the title were repeatedly compromised.

The "Export Version", which contained both the previously cut violence and alternative shots of topless nudity filmed for overseas release, was passed uncut by the BBFC in 1995, and released on VHS by Redemption. In 2001, a DVD was released in the UK by Metrodome consisting of two versions, the complete "Director's Cut" containing the two minutes of previously censored violence, and the aforementioned "Export Version", also with the violence intact but including shots of nudity added to certain sequences. In both versions, the two minutes of violence have been taken from what has been described as "a grainy VHS source."[50] Some critics complained that watching the film in this manner was an often "jarring"[50] or "distracting"[51] viewing experience. In addition, the soundtrack of the newly inserted nude shots had "brief snippets of audio repeating itself because of the timing involved in inserting the previously cut footage".[51]

In the US, while censorship of the film has never been a factor, the film nonetheless experienced numerous delays in appearing on home video in its originally intended form. Qachon Orion rasmlari acquired the rights to many of AIP's titles in the 1980s, they were unwilling to also purchase rights to the musical soundtracks of some of the films, and added synthesizer scores by composer Kendall Schmidt in lieu of the original music; Witchfinder General was one of these "problem" titles.[52] Tim Lucas has expressed vocal disapproval of Schmidt's rescoring, describing it as a "betrayal to every effort the original film made to remain true to its time frame" and "the most abominable offense ever perpetuated by a home video company".[25][53] For years, Ferris's original score was not available in the US on home video releases, although it was included on theatrical and syndicated television prints. The HBO videotape release from the late 1980s utilised the Orion version, which also included the nude inserts. Lucas has noted that the spoken soundtrack to these newly added "spicy" shots "doesn't match it correctly."[52]

In 2005, writer Steve Biodrowski reported that a "definitive version" of the film had been restored and would be released in the US on DVD by MGM -BA in August of that year, as part of their Midnite Movies series.[9] Keyin Sony purchased the rights to the MGM film library, James Owsley (Director of Restorations at MGM) advised Philip Waddilove (one of Witchfinder General's producers) that the date of the DVD release was postponed until October 2006. In an interview conducted in August 2005, Waddilove revealed that he had learned Sony had "little interest" in the film and no official announcement of any pending DVD release had ever been made. Waddilove noted that "the principal at Sony doesn't greenlight DVDs of anything older than ten years!!"[54] However, the film was indeed released under the Midnite Movies banner on 11 September 2007 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[55][56] The release includes the complete, uncut version of the film with the Ferris score intact. Price's opening and closing narration tacked on to the AIP Conqueror Worm version, as well as the alternate nude sequences, were not available on this release,[57] but they were included in the UK Blu ray release from Odeon Entertainment issued in June 2011. The Blu-ray utilised the same yuqori aniqlik transfer as the 2007 MGM DVD and was completely uncut.[58] 2013 yilda, Qichqiriq zavodi included the film as part of the company's multi-title Vincent Price Blu-ray quti o'rnatilgan released in fall of 2013.[59]

Adabiyotlar

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  3. ^ "Big Rental Films of 1968". Turli xillik. 8 January 1969. p. 15. Please note this figure is a rental accruing to distributors.
  4. ^ Hamilton, John (2005). Beasts in the Cellar: The Exploitation Film Career of Tony Tenser. Fab Press. p. 114.
  5. ^ Tom Baker was a childhood friend of Reeves who co-wrote Witchfinder and Reeves's earlier The Sorcerers; he is not to be confused with Tom Beyker, Doktor kim aktyor.
  6. ^ Hopkins, Matthew (1971) [1647]. Witches and Witch Hunters. Scolar Press. title page. Qayta nashr etish The Discovery of Witches.
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