Amazon (kompaniya) - Amazon (company) - Wikipedia

Amazon.com, Inc.

2000 yildan beri logotip
The Amazon sohalari, qismi Sietldagi Amazon shtab-kvartirasi
Savdo nomi	Amazon
Avval	Cadabra, Inc. (1994–95)
Turi	Ommaviy
Sifatida sotilgan	NASDAQ: AMZN NASDAQ-100 komponent S&P 100 komponent S&P 500 komponent
ISIN	US0231351067
Sanoat	Bulutli hisoblash elektron tijorat sun'iy intellekt maishiy elektronika raqamli tarqatish o'z-o'zini boshqaradigan mashinalar
Tashkil etilgan	1994 yil 5-iyul; 26 yil oldin (1994-07-05) Bellevue, Vashington, BIZ.
Ta'sischi	Jeff Bezos
Bosh ofis	Sietl, Vashington , BIZ.
Xizmat ko'rsatiladigan maydon	Butun dunyo bo'ylab
Asosiy odamlar	Jeff Bezos (Prezident, Bosh ijrochi direktor va Rais ) Brayan Olsavskiy (Katta VP va Moliya direktori )
Mahsulotlar	Echo Olovli planshet Olovli televizor Fire OS Kindle
Xizmatlar	Amazon.com Amazon Alexa Amazon Appstore Amazon Music Amazon Prime Amazon Prime Video Amazon veb-xizmatlari
Daromad	AQSH$ 280,522 mlrd (2019)
Operatsion daromad	14,541 milliard AQSh dollari (2019)
Sof daromad	11,588 milliard AQSh dollari (2019)
Jami aktivlar	225,248 mlrd. AQSh dollari (2019)
Jami kapital	62,06 mlrd. AQSh dollari (2019)
Xodimlar soni	1 125,300 (2020 yil sentyabr)[1]
Filiallar	A9.com AbeBooks Amazon.com xizmatlari Amazon Air Amazon kitoblari Amazon Game Studios Alexa Internet Amazon Lab126 Amazon Logistics Amazon Publishing Amazon robototexnika Amazon studiyalari AWS Ovozli Tana laboratoriyalari Kitob depozitariysi Komikologiya Raqamli fotosuratlarni ko'rib chiqish Goodreads Grafiq IMDb Qo'ng'iroq Souq.com Twitch Interactive Butun oziq-ovqat bozori Woot Zappos
Veb-sayt	www.haqida.com
Izohlar / ma'lumotnomalar [2][3][4][5][6]

Amazon.com, Inc.^[7] (/ˈæməzɒn/ AM-a-zon ), amerikalik ko'p millatli texnologiya kompaniyasi asoslangan Sietl, Vashington ga e'tibor qaratadigan elektron tijorat, bulutli hisoblash, raqamli oqim va sun'iy intellekt. Ulardan biri hisoblanadi Katta besh AQShdagi kompaniyalar axborot texnologiyalari bilan birga sanoat Google, olma, Microsoft va Facebook.^{[8][9][10][11]} Kompaniya "dunyodagi eng nufuzli iqtisodiy va madaniy kuchlardan biri", shuningdek dunyodagi eng qimmat brend deb nomlangan.^[12][13]

Amazon tomonidan tashkil etilgan Jeff Bezos yilda Bellevue, Vashington, 1994 yil 5-iyulda. Kompaniya kitoblarning onlayn bozori sifatida ish boshlagan, ammo elektronika, dasturiy ta'minot, video o'yinlar, kiyim-kechak, mebel, oziq-ovqat, o'yinchoqlar va zargarlik buyumlarini sotish bilan shug'ullangan. 2015 yilda Amazon o'zib ketdi Walmart tomonidan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi eng qimmat sotuvchi sifatida bozor kapitallashuvi.^[14] 2017 yilda Amazon sotib oldi Butun oziq-ovqat bozori uchun AQSH$13,4 mlrd., Bu jismoniy chakana sotuvchi sifatida o'z izini sezilarli darajada oshirdi.^[15] 2018 yilda Bezos o'zining ikki kunlik etkazib berish xizmati, Amazon Prime, butun dunyo bo'ylab 100 million abonentdan oshib ketdi.^[16][17]

Amazon texnologik innovatsiyalar va ommaviy miqyosda rivojlangan sanoat tarmoqlarini buzishi bilan mashhur.^[18][19][20] Bu dunyodagi eng katta onlayn bozor, AI yordamchisi provayder, jonli efirda platforma va bulutli hisoblash platforma^[21] bilan o'lchanganidek daromad va bozor kapitallashuvi.^[22] Amazon bu daromad bo'yicha eng yirik Internet-kompaniya dunyoda.^[23] Bu ikkinchi Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng yirik xususiy ish beruvchi^[24] va ulardan biri dunyodagi eng qimmat kompaniyalar.

Amazon yuklab olish va tarqatishni tarqatadi video, musiqa va audiokitoblar orqali Bosh video, Amazon Music, Twitch va Ovozli filiallar. Amazonda ham nashriyot bor, Amazon Publishing, kino va televizion studiya, Amazon studiyalari va bulutli hisoblash filiali, Amazon veb-xizmatlari. U ishlab chiqaradi maishiy elektronika shu jumladan Kindle elektron o'quvchilar, Yong'in planshetlar, Olovli televizor va Echo qurilmalar. Yillar davomida uni sotib olish kiradi Qo'ng'iroq, Twitch, Butun ovqatlar bozori va IMDb. Kompaniya bo'ldi tanqid qilindi texnologik kuzatuvni o'z ichiga olgan turli xil amaliyotlar uchun,^[25] haddan tashqari raqobatbardosh va talabchan ish madaniyati,^[26] soliqlardan qochish,^[27] va bo'lish uchun raqobatga qarshi.^[28][29]

Tarix

Kompaniyaning Qo'shma Shtatlar tashqarisidagi eng katta kampusi ochilgan Haydarobod, Hindiston 2019 yil sentyabr oyida.

Jeff Bezos 1994 yil iyul oyida Amazon kompaniyasiga asos solgan. U tanlagan Sietl kabi texnik iste'dod tufayli Microsoft u erda joylashgan.^[30] 1997 yil may oyida tashkilot ketdi jamoat. Kompaniya 1998 yilda musiqa va videofilmlarni sotishni boshladi, shu vaqtlarda u xalqaro miqyosda kitoblarning onlayn sotuvchilarini sotib olib, o'z faoliyatini boshladi Birlashgan Qirollik va Germaniya. Keyingi yili tashkilot boshqa narsalarga qo'shimcha ravishda video o'yinlar, maishiy texnika, uy sharoitida ishlatiladigan buyumlar, dasturiy ta'minot, o'yinlar va o'yinchoqlar sotdi.

2002 yilda korporatsiya ish boshladi Amazon veb-xizmatlari (AWS), bu veb-saytlarning ommabopligi, Internet-trafik shakllari va boshqa statistikalar bo'yicha sotuvchilar va ishlab chiquvchilar uchun ma'lumotlar taqdim etdi. 2006 yilda tashkilot qachon AWS portfelini ko'paytirdi Elastik hisoblash buluti (EC2), shuningdek, kompyuterni qayta ishlash quvvatini ijaraga oladi Oddiy saqlash xizmati Internet orqali ma'lumotlarni saqlashni ijaraga beradigan (S3) mavjud bo'ldi. O'sha yili kompaniya ish boshladi Amazon tomonidan bajarilishi kompaniyaning internet-sayti orqali o'z mollarini sotadigan jismoniy shaxslar va kichik kompaniyalar inventarizatsiyasini boshqargan. 2012 yilda Amazon sotib oldi Kiva tizimlari uning inventarizatsiyasini boshqarish, sotib olishni avtomatlashtirish Butun oziq-ovqat bozori besh yildan so'ng 2017 yilda supermarketlar tarmog'i.^[31]

Boshliqlar kengashi

Amazon asoschisi Jeff Bezos 2016 yilda

2020 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], direktorlar kengashi:^[32]

• Jeff Bezos, Prezident, bosh direktor va rais
• Kit B. Aleksandr, CEO IronNet Cybersecurity, sobiq NSA direktori
• Rosalind pivo ishlab chiqaruvchisi, Guruh prezidenti va COO, Starbucks
• Jeymi Gorelik, sherik, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale va Dorr
• Daniel P. Xuttenloxer, Shvartsman hisoblash kolleji dekani Massachusets texnologiya instituti
• Judi Makgrat, sobiq bosh direktor, MTV tarmoqlari
• Indra Noyi, sobiq bosh direktor, PepsiCo
• Jon Rubinshteyn, sobiq rais va bosh direktor, Palm, Inc.
• Tomas O. Ryder, sobiq rais va bosh direktor, Reader Digest Assotsiatsiyasi
• Patty Stonesifer, Prezident va bosh ijrochi direktor, Marta stoli
• Vendell P. haftalari, Rais, prezident va bosh ijrochi direktor, Corning Inc.

Savdo sherikliklari

2000 yilda AQSh o'yinchoqlari sotuvchisi Bizga "R" o'yinchoqlari Amazon bilan 10 yillik shartnoma tuzdi, uning qiymati yiliga 50 million dollarni tashkil etadi va sotishni qisqartiradi, unga ko'ra Toys "R" Us xizmatda eksklyuziv o'yinchoqlar va bolalar mahsulotlarini etkazib beruvchisi bo'ladi va zanjir veb-sayti Amazon o'yinchoqlari va o'yinlari toifasi. 2004 yilda "R" Us o'yinchoqlari "R" Us zaxiralarida turlicha etishmovchilik borligi sababli, Amazon uchinchi tomon sotuvchilariga "R" Us "o'yinchoqlari toifalarida ushbu xizmatdagi buyumlarni taklif qilishga ruxsat berganligini ta'kidlab, Amazonni sudga berdi. eksklyuziv huquq berilgan edi. 2006 yilda sud "R" Us "o'yinchoqlari foydasiga qaror chiqarib, unga Amazon bilan shartnomani bekor qilish va o'zining mustaqil elektron tijorat veb-saytini yaratish huquqini berdi. Keyinchalik kompaniyaga 51 million dollar miqdorida zarar etkazilgan.^[33][34][35]

2001 yilda Amazon shunga o'xshash shartnoma tuzdi Chegaralar guruhi, uning ostida Amazon Borders.com-ni birgalikda brendli xizmat sifatida ishlatar edi.^[36] Chegaralar kelishuvdan 2007 yilda chiqib ketgan va o'z onlayn-do'konini ochishni rejalashtirgan.^[37]

2011 yil 18 oktyabrda Amazon.com kompaniyasi bilan hamkorlik to'g'risida e'lon qildi DC komikslari ko'plab mashhur chiziq romanlarga eksklyuziv raqamli huquqlar uchun, shu jumladan Supermen, Botmon, Yashil chiroq, Qumloq odam, va Qo'riqchilar. Hamkorlik Barnes & Noble kabi taniqli kitob do'konlarining ushbu nomlarni javonlaridan olib tashlashlariga sabab bo'ldi.^[38]

2013 yil noyabr oyida Amazon kompaniyasi bilan hamkorlik qilishni e'lon qildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta xizmati yakshanba kunlari buyurtma berishni boshlash. Amazonning standart yuk tashish stavkalariga kiritilgan ushbu xizmat metropolitenlarda boshlangan Los Anjeles va Nyu York hajmining kattaligi va o'z vaqtida etkazib berishga qodir emasligi sababli, kengaytirish rejalari bilan Dallas, Xyuston, Yangi Orlean va Feniks 2014 yilga kelib.^[39]

2017 yil iyun oyida, Nike to'g'ridan-to'g'ri platformada tovarlarni sotish uchun Amazon bilan "uchuvchi" hamkorlikni tasdiqladi.^[40][41][42]

2017 yil 11 oktyabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], AmazonFresh qatorini sotgan Kabinetlar tanlangan hududlarda uyga etkazib berish uchun markali mahsulotlar.^[43]

2017 yil sentyabr oyida Amazon Patni Group kompaniyasiga tegishli bo'lgan "Appario Retail" qo'shma korxonasi sotuvchilardan biri bilan hamkorlik qildi va uning umumiy daromadi 104,44 million AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi (₹  759 crore ) 2017-18 moliyaviy yilida.^[44]

2018 yil noyabr oyida Amazon bilan kelishuvga erishdi Apple Inc. tanlangan mahsulotlarni xizmat orqali, kompaniya va tanlangan Apple vakolatli sotuvchilari orqali sotish. Ushbu hamkorlik natijasida faqat Apple vakolatli sotuvchilari Apple mahsulotlarini Amazonda 2019 yil 4 yanvardan boshlab sotishlari mumkin.^[45][46]

Yetkazib berish bo'yicha sheriklar

Ushbu bo'lim kengayishga muhtoj. Siz yordam berishingiz mumkin unga qo'shilish. (Noyabr 2020)

Buyuk Britaniyada Amazon o'z xodimlariga Amazon tovarlarini etkazib berish bo'yicha etkazib berish xizmatining sherigi (DSP) sifatida ishlash uchun kichik biznesni boshlashga yordam beradi. Kompaniyaning fikriga ko'ra, 2019 yildan boshlab muvaffaqiyatli DSP-lar 20 dan 40 gacha etkazib beradigan transport vositalaridan foydalangan holda yillik foyda sifatida 50,000 dan 150,000 funt sterlinggacha pul ishlashlari mumkin.^[47]

Mahsulotlar va xizmatlar

Veb-saytida mavjud bo'lgan Amazon.com mahsulot qatorlari bir nechta ommaviy axborot vositalarini o'z ichiga oladi (kitoblar, DVD, musiqa kompakt-disklari, videofilmlar va dasturiy ta'minot), kiyim-kechak, bolalar uchun mahsulotlar, maishiy elektronika, go'zallik mahsulotlari, gurme ovqatlari, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, sog'liqni saqlash va shaxsiy buyumlar, sanoat va ilmiy materiallar, oshxona buyumlari, zargarlik buyumlari, soatlar, maysazor va bog 'buyumlari, musiqa asboblari, sport tovarlari, asboblar, avtomobil buyumlari va o'yinchoqlar va o'yinlar.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} 2019 yil avgust oyida Amazon spirtli ichimliklar do'koniga ega bo'lish uchun murojaat qildi San-Fransisko, CA pivo va spirtli ichimliklarni shahar ichida etkazib berish vositasi sifatida.^[48] Amazon ba'zi mamlakatlar uchun alohida chakana veb-saytlarga ega, shuningdek, ba'zi mahsulotlarini boshqa ba'zi mamlakatlarga xalqaro etkazib berishni taklif qiladi.^[49] 2020 yil noyabr oyida kompaniya retsept bo'yicha dori-darmonlarga bag'ishlangan onlayn etkazib berish xizmatini boshladi. Xizmat umumiy obunachilar uchun umumiy dori-darmonlarga 80% gacha va markali dori-darmonlarga 40% gacha chegirmalarni taqdim etadi. Mahsulotlarni kompaniya veb-saytidan yoki Qo'shma Shtatlardagi g'isht va g'isht ishlab chiqaradigan 50 mingdan ortiq dorixonalardan sotib olish mumkin.^[50]

Amazon.com-da bir qator mahsulotlar va xizmatlar mavjud, jumladan:

Filiallar

Amazon 40 dan ortiq sho''ba korxonalarga egalik qiladi, shu jumladan Ovozli, Diapers.com, Goodreads, IMDb, Kiva tizimlari (hozir Amazon robototexnika ), Shopbop, Teachstreet, Twitch va Zappos.^[51]

A9.com

A9.com, tadqiqot va innovatsion qurilishiga yo'naltirilgan kompaniya texnologiya, 2003 yildan beri sho'ba korxonasi hisoblanadi.^[52]

Amazon dengiz

Amazon Maritime, Inc. Federal dengiz komissiyasi sifatida faoliyat yuritish uchun litsenziya kemaga ega bo'lmagan umumiy tashuvchi (NVOCC), bu kompaniyaga Xitoydan AQShga o'z yuklarini boshqarish imkoniyatini beradi.^[53]

Annapurna laboratoriyalari

2015 yil yanvar oyida, Amazon veb-xizmatlari sotib olingan Annapurna laboratoriyalari, Isroilda joylashgan mikroelektronika kompaniyasi taniqli ravishda 350-370 mln.^[54][55][56]

Audible.com

Audible.com Internetda ovozli ko'ngilochar, axborot va ta'lim dasturlarining sotuvchisi va ishlab chiqaruvchisi. Ovozli raqamli sotuvlar audiokitoblar, radio va televidenie dasturlari va jurnal va gazetalarning audio versiyalari. Audible Studios ishlab chiqarish tarmog'i orqali dunyodagi eng katta yuklab olinadigan audiokitoblar ishlab chiqaruvchisi bo'ldi. 2008 yil 31 yanvarda Amazon Audible-ni taxminan 300 million dollarga sotib olishini e'lon qildi. Bitim 2008 yil mart oyida yopilgan va Audible Amazon kompaniyasining sho'ba korxonasiga aylangan.^[57]

Pekin Century Joyo kurerlik xizmatlari

Beijing Century Joyo Courier Services Amazon kompaniyasining sho'ba korxonasi bo'lib, u a ekspeditorlik bilan litsenziya AQSh dengiz komissiyasi. Amazon shuningdek, logistikasini yaratmoqda yuk tashish va havo yuklari bilan raqobatlashishi mumkin UPS va FedEx.^[58][59]

Brilliance Audio

Brilliance Audio - bu 1984 yilda Maykl Snodgrass tomonidan tashkil etilgan audiokitob noshiri Grand Haven, Michigan.^[60] Kompaniya o'zining birinchi 8 ta audio nomini 1985 yilda ishlab chiqardi.^[60] Kompaniya Amazon tomonidan 2007 yilda noma'lum miqdorda sotib olingan.^[61][62] Sotib olish paytida Brilliance oyiga 12-15 ta yangi unvon ishlab chiqarardi.^[62] Amazon tarkibida mustaqil kompaniya sifatida ishlaydi.

1984 yilda Brilliance Audio bir kassetada ikki baravar ko'p yozib olish texnikasini ixtiro qildi.^[63] Texnika har bir stereo trekning har ikkala kanalida yozishni o'z ichiga olgan.^[63] Bu 1980-yillarning o'rtalarida rivojlanayotgan audiokitoblar bozorida inqilobni amalga oshirganligi sababli, u kitobsiz kitoblarni arzon narxga keltirdi.^[63]

Komikologiya

Komikologiya a bulut - 2013 yil sentyabr oyi holatiga ko'ra 200 milliondan ortiq hajviy yuklamalar bilan ishlaydigan raqamli chiziq romanlari platformasi^[yangilash]. Android, iOS, Fire OS va Windows 8 qurilmalari va veb-brauzer orqali 40.000 dan ortiq kulgili kitoblar va grafik romanlar to'plamini taqdim etadi. Amazon kompaniyani 2014 yil aprel oyida sotib olgan.^[64]

CreateSpace

Mustaqil tarkib yaratuvchilar, noshirlar, kinostudiyalar va musiqiy yorliqlar uchun o'z-o'zini nashr qilish xizmatlarini taklif qiluvchi CreateSpace 2009 yilda sho''ba korxonaga aylandi.^[65][66]

Eero

Eero sifatida stilize qilingan Eero - bu tarmoqqa mo'ljallangan routerlarni ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniya. Kompaniya 2015 yilda tashkil etilgan va San-Frantsiskoda joylashgan. Amazon 2019 yilda Eero sotib olishini e'lon qildi.

Goodreads

Goodreads bu "ijtimoiy kataloglashtirish "veb-sayti 2006 yil dekabrida tashkil topgan va 2007 yil yanvar oyida dasturiy ta'minot muhandisi Otis Chandler va tadbirkor Elizabet Chandler tomonidan ochilgan. Veb-sayt foydalanuvchilarga Goodreads-ning kitoblar, izohlar va obzorlar haqidagi ma'lumotlar bazasini erkin qidirish imkoniyatini beradi. Foydalanuvchilar kutubxonalar kataloglari va o'qish ro'yxatlarini yaratish uchun ro'yxatdan o'ting va ro'yxatdan o'tkazing, shuningdek ular o'zlarining kitob takliflari va munozaralarini o'z guruhlarini tuzishlari mumkin.2007 yil dekabr oyida sayt 650 mingdan ortiq a'zoga ega edi va 10 milliondan ziyod kitob qo'shildi. Amazon kompaniyani sotib oldi 2013 yil mart.^[67]

Salomatlik navigatori

2019 yil oktyabr oyida Amazon Health Navigator-ni sotib olishni yakunladi, bu rivojlanayotgan startap API-lar onlayn sog'liqni saqlash xizmatlari uchun. Startap Amazon Care kompaniyasining tarkibiga kiradi, bu kompaniya xodimlarining sog'liqni saqlash xizmati. Bu 2018 yilgi sotib olishdan keyin PillPack Amazon Care-ga kiritilgan 1 milliard dollardan kam mablag 'evaziga.^[68]

O'rmon

Junglee - bu xaridorlarga Hindistondagi onlayn va oflayn chakana sotuvchilarning mahsulotlarini qidirish imkoniyatini beruvchi Amazon tomonidan taqdim etilgan sobiq onlayn xarid qilish xizmati. Junglee Internetdan ma'lumot olish va korporativ dasturlarga etkazib berish uchun foydalaniladigan virtual ma'lumotlar bazasi sifatida ish boshladi. Rivojlanish jarayonida Junglee ma'lumotlar bazasi texnologiyasidan foydalanib, har bir etkazib beruvchidan sotib olinadigan har bir narsani tayyorlab, Internetda yagona oyna bozorini yaratishda foydalanishni boshladi. Internet-xaridorlar bitta oyna orqali Internetdagi xarid qilish markazidan millionlab mahsulotlarni topishi, taqqoslashi va o'tkazishi mumkin edi.^[69]

Amazon Junglee-ni 1998 yilda sotib olgan va Junglee.com veb-sayti 2012 yil fevral oyida Hindistonda ochilgan^[70] taqqoslash-xarid qilish veb-sayti sifatida. U minglab onlayn va oflayn sotuvchilar orasida kiyim-kechak, elektronika, o'yinchoqlar, zargarlik buyumlari va video o'yinlar kabi turli xil mahsulotlarni qidirib topdi va faollashtirdi. Millionlab mahsulotlarni ko'rib chiqish mumkin, mijoz narxni tanlaydi va keyin ular sotuvchiga yo'naltiriladi. 2017 yil noyabr oyida Amazon Junglee.com saytini yopdi va avvalgi domen hozirda Amazon Hindistonga yo'naltiriladi.^[71]

Kuiper tizimlari

Kuiper Systems MChJ, Amazon-ning sho'ba korxonasi bo'lib, uni joylashtirish uchun tashkil etilgan keng polosali sun'iy yo'ldosh Internet yulduz turkumi e'lon qilingan 3236 bilan Kam Yer orbitasi sun'iy yo'ldoshlar sun'iy yo'ldosh asosida Internetga ulanishni ta'minlash.^[72][73][74]

Laboratoriya 126

Lab126, kabi integral maishiy elektronika ishlab chiqaruvchilari Kindle, 2004 yilda sho''ba korxonaga aylandi.^[75]

Qo'ng'iroq

Ring a uy avtomatizatsiyasi kompaniyasi Jeymi Siminoff tomonidan 2013 yilda tashkil etilgan. U birinchi navbatda WiFi tarmog'i bilan tanilgan aqlli eshik qo'ng'iroqlari, lekin xavfsizlik kameralari kabi boshqa qurilmalarni ishlab chiqaradi. Amazon Ringni 2018 yilda bir milliard dollarga sotib oldi.^[76]

Shelfari

Shelfari edi a ijtimoiy kataloglashtirish kitoblar uchun veb-sayt. Shelfari foydalanuvchilari o'zlariga tegishli bo'lgan yoki o'qigan nomlarning virtual kitob javonlarini qurishdi va ular baholash, ko'rib chiqish, yorliq va ularning kitoblarini muhokama qiling. Shuningdek, foydalanuvchilar boshqa a'zolar qo'shilishi mumkin bo'lgan guruhlarni yaratishi, munozaralar tashkil qilishi va kitoblar yoki boshqa mavzularda suhbatlashishi mumkin. Saytdagi do'stlariga qanday kitoblarni o'qish haqida tavsiyalar yuborilishi mumkin. Amazon kompaniyani 2008 yil avgust oyida sotib olgan.^[67] Shelfari 2016-yil yanvarigacha Amazon Shelfari-ni birlashtirishi haqida e'lon qilgunga qadar Amazonda mustaqil kitob ijtimoiy tarmog'i sifatida ishlashni davom ettirdi. Goodreads va Shelfari-ni yopish.^[77][78]

Souq

Souq.com eng kattasi Elektron tijorat platformasi Yaqin Sharqda Birlashgan Arab Amirliklarining Dubay shahrida joylashgan. 2017 yil 28 martda Amazon Souq.com ni 580 million dollarga sotib olishini tasdiqladi.^[79] Souq.com hozirda Amazonning sho'ba korxonasi bo'lib, Amazonning Yaqin Sharq mintaqasida qo'li bo'lib xizmat qilmoqda.

Twitch

Twitch da Elektron ko'ngilochar ko'rgazma

Twitch a jonli efir birinchi navbatda video o'yin tarkibiga yo'naltirilgan video uchun platforma. Xizmat birinchi bo'lib ma'lum bo'lgan umumiy manfaatli oqim xizmatining tarqalishi sifatida tashkil etilgan Justin.tv. Uning mashhurligi Twitch tomonidan o'chirildi va Justin.tv faqat Twitch-ga e'tiborni qaratish uchun 2014 yil avgust oyida bosh kompaniyasi tomonidan yopildi.^[80] O'sha oyning oxirida Twitch Amazon tomonidan 970 million dollarga sotib olindi.^[81] Twitch orqali Amazon ham egalik qiladi La'nat, Inc., video o'yin jamoalari operatori va provayderi VoIP o'yinlar uchun xizmatlar.^[82] Sotib olgandan beri, Twitch to'g'ridan-to'g'ri platforma orqali o'yinlarni sotishni boshladi,^[83] va Amazon Prime abonentlari uchun maxsus xususiyatlarni taklif qila boshladi.^[84]

Saytning tez sur'atlarda o'sishiga, birinchi navbatda, mayorning mashhurligi sabab bo'ldi esports xizmat bo'yicha musobaqalar, etakchi GameSpot katta esports muharriri Rod Breslau ushbu xizmatni " ESPN sport turlari ".^[85] 2015 yildan boshlab^[yangilash]Xizmatda 1,5 milliondan ortiq eshittiruvchi va 100 million oylik tomoshabin bor edi.^[86]

2020 yil 10-avgustda Amazon kompaniyasi rebrending e'lon qildi Twitch Prime, jonli efirdagi sayt, uni qayta nomlash Prime Gaming [1] the crack to another urinishida video O'YIN katta byudjetli o'yinlarni amalga oshirishda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganidan keyin bozor. Twitch Prime yordamida foydalanuvchilarga Twitch-ga bepul obuna beriladi, kichik studiyalardan bepul o'yinlar va shunga o'xshash katta nomlar uchun chegirmalar beriladi. GTA va Afsonalar ligasi "o'yini.^[87]

2020 yil 2-noyabrda, Twitch virtual flagman konferentsiyasini e'lon qildi va unga 14-noyabr kuni bo'lib o'tadigan TwitchCon o'rniga GlitchCon deb nom berdi. Konferentsiyaning asosiy maqsadi - ko'p sonli, xilma-xil oqimlarni va muxlislarni birlashtirib, ular haqiqiy hayotning ishonchli vakillari bo'lishi mumkin.^[88]

Butun oziq-ovqat bozori

Butun oziq-ovqat bozori ichida saqlash Ann Arbor, Michigan

Butun oziq-ovqat bozori amerikalik Supermarket zanjir faqat sun'iy konservantlar, ranglar, lazzatlar, tatlandırıcılar va gidrogenlangan yog'larsiz oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini o'z ichiga oladi.^[89]

2017 yil 23-avgust kuni Federal savdo komissiyasi Amazon.com va Whole Foods Market o'rtasida birlashishni ma'qulladi.^[90] Ertasi kuni bitim 2017 yil 28 avgustda yopilishi e'lon qilindi.^[91]

Yetkazib berish tizimi

Amazon o'zining tarqatish tarmog'ini 1997 yilda ikkita ishlab chiqarish markazlari bilan boshladi Sietl va Yangi qal'a, Delaver. Amazonda crossdock markazlari, ekspluatatsiya markazlari, saralash markazlari, etkazib berish stantsiyalari, Prime now hublari va Prime havo uzellaridan tashkil topgan bir necha turdagi tarqatish moslamalari mavjud. 75 ta bajarilish markazi va 25 ta saralash markazi mavjud bo'lib, ular 125 mingdan ortiq ishchilarga ega.^[92][93] Xodimlar beshta asosiy vazifa uchun javobgardir: kirayotgan tovarlarni ochish va tekshirish; tovarlarni omborga joylashtirish va ularning joylashgan joylarini qayd etish; shaxsiy jo'natmani amalga oshirish uchun o'zlarining kompyuterlari joylashgan joylardan tovarlarni yig'ish; buyurtmalarni saralash va qadoqlash; va yuk tashish. Tovarlarning joylashgan joyini qayd etadigan va terimchilar uchun marshrutlarni belgilaydigan kompyuter muhim rol o'ynaydi: xodimlar markaziy kompyuter bilan aloqa qiladigan va ularning rivojlanish darajasini kuzatib boradigan qo'l kompyuterlarini olib yurishadi. Ba'zi omborlar tomonidan qurilgan tizimlar bilan qisman avtomatlashtirilgan Amazon robototexnika.

• 

  Amazon.fr ijro markazi Lauin-Plank, Frantsiya

• 

  Amazon.es bajarish markazi San-Fernando de Henares, Ispaniya

• 

  Amazon.co.uk ijrosi markazi Glenrothes, Shotlandiya, Buyuk Britaniya

• 

  Amazon.de bajarish markazi Graben, Germaniya

• 

  Amazon.co.jp ijrosi markazi Ichikava, Yaponiya

• 

  Amazonni bajarish markazi Makon, Jorjiya, AQSh

Veb-sayt

amazon.com

2000 yildan beri logotip
Skrinshot Bosh sahifa
Sayt turi	Elektron tijorat
Mavjud:	Arabcha Ingliz tili Frantsuzcha Nemis Ispaniya Shved Italyancha Xitoy Yapon Portugal Golland Turkcha
Egasi	Amazon
URL manzili	amazon.com (AQShning asl sayti)
Tijorat	Ha
Ro'yxatdan o'tish	Ixtiyoriy
Ishga tushirildi	1995; 25 yil oldin (1995)
Hozirgi holat	Faol
Yozilgan	C ++ va Java
[94]

Domen amazon.com 2008 yilga qadar har yili kamida 615 million mehmonni jalb qildi;^[95] 2016 yil boshida har oy AQSh veb-saytiga 130 milliondan ortiq mijoz tashrif buyurgan.^[96] Kompaniya o'z veb-sayti uchun juda ko'p miqdordagi server sig'imiga katta mablag 'kiritdi, ayniqsa, bu vaqt davomida ortiqcha trafikni boshqarish uchun Rojdestvo bayrami mavsumi.^[97] Ga binoan Alexa Internet reytinglar, amazon.com Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridagi uchinchi eng mashhur veb-sayt va dunyo bo'ylab 14-eng mashhur veb-sayt.

Amazon qidiruvi tomonidan yaratilgan natijalar qisman reklama to'lovlari bilan belgilanadi.^[98] Kompaniya mahalliylashtirilgan tanlovi va narxlari bilan farq qiladigan do'kon peshtaxtalari tomonidan farqlanadi yuqori darajadagi domen va mamlakat kodi:

Sharhlar

Amazon foydalanuvchilarga sharhlarni har bir mahsulotning veb-sahifasiga yuborish imkoniyatini beradi. Taqrizchilar mahsulotni a-ga baholashlari kerak reyting shkalasi birdan beshgacha yulduzlar. Amazon sharhlovchilar uchun tanqidchining haqiqiy ismini ko'rsatadigan (kredit karta hisob raqamini tasdiqlash asosida) yoki sharhlovchining mashhurligi bo'yicha eng yaxshi sharhlovchilardan biri ekanligini ko'rsatadigan nishon variantini taqdim etadi. Mijozlar sharhlarni sharhlashi yoki ovoz berishlari mumkin, bu ular uchun foydali sharhni topganligini ko'rsatadi. Agar sharhga etarlicha "foydali" xitlar berilgan bo'lsa, u mahsulotning birinchi sahifasida paydo bo'ladi. 2010 yilda Amazon Internet-iste'molchilarni sharhlarini eng katta yagona manbai sifatida e'lon qilindi.^[99]

Nashriyotlar Bezosdan nima uchun Amazon salbiy sharhlarni nashr etishini so'raganda, u bu amaliyotni himoya qilib, Amazon.com "boshqacha yondashuvni ... biz har bir kitobni yaxshi, yomon va yomon ... haqiqat bo'shashsin ».^[100]

Ijobiy sharhlar yozilgan va joylashtirilgan holatlar bo'lgan jamoat bilan aloqa o'z mijozlari nomidan kompaniyalar^[101] yozuvchilarning o'z raqiblari asarlariga salbiy sharh qoldirish uchun taxalluslardan foydalanganliklari.

Tarkibni qidirish

"Kitob ichidan qidirish" - bu xaridorlarga katalogdagi ko'plab kitoblarning to'liq matnidan kalit so'zlarni izlashga imkon beruvchi xususiyatdir.^[102][103] Xususiyat 2003 yil 23 oktyabrda 120 ming nom (yoki 33 million sahifa matn) bilan boshlandi.^[104] Dasturda 300 mingga yaqin kitob mavjud. Amazon 130 atrofida hamkorlik qildi noshirlar foydalanuvchilarga ushbu qidiruvlarni amalga oshirishga ruxsat berish.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Mualliflik huquqining buzilishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun Amazon kitobning kompyuter tomonidan o'qiladigan matnini qaytarib bermaydi. Buning o'rniga, u mos keladigan sahifaning rasmini qaytaradi, veb-brauzerga bosib chiqarishni o'chirishni buyuradi va bitta foydalanuvchi kirishi mumkin bo'lgan kitobdagi sahifalar soniga cheklovlar qo'yadi. Bundan tashqari, mijozlar "Amazon Upgrade" dasturi orqali bir xil kitoblarning bir qismini onlayn ravishda sotib olishlari mumkin.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Uchinchi tomon sotuvchilari

Amazon o'zining ko'plab sotuvlarini (2008 yilda 40% atrofida) Amazon-da mahsulot sotadigan uchinchi tomon sotuvchilardan oladi.^[105] Assotsiatsiyalar xaridorlarni Amazonga yo'naltirganliklari uchun o'zlarining veb-saytlarida Amazon-ga havolalarni joylashtirish orqali komissiya oladilar. Dunyo bo'ylab Amazon o'zining sheriklik dasturlarida "900,000 dan ortiq a'zolarga" ega.^[106] 2014 yil o'rtalarida Amazon sheriklik dasturidan barcha veb-saytlarning 1,2% foydalanadi va bu Google Ads-dan keyin ikkinchi eng mashhur reklama tarmog'i.^[107] Bu veb-saytlar va notijorat tashkilotlar tomonidan tez-tez qo'llab-quvvatlovchilarga komissiya olish imkoniyatini berish uchun ishlatiladi.^[108] Amazon 2007 yilda 1,3 milliondan ortiq sotuvchilar mahsulotlarini Amazon veb-saytlari orqali sotganligini xabar qildi. Aksincha eBay, Amazon sotuvchilari alohida to'lov hisoblarini yuritishi shart emas; barcha to'lovlar Amazon tomonidan amalga oshiriladi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Associates Amazon katalogiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri o'z veb-saytlarida Amazon veb-xizmatlari (AWS) XML xizmat. Yangi sheriklik mahsuloti, aStore, Associates-ga Amazon mahsulotlarining bir qismini boshqa veb-saytga joylashtirishi yoki boshqa veb-sayt bilan bog'lanishiga imkon beradi. 2010 yil iyun oyida sotuvchilarga ko'proq shaffoflikni ta'minlash uchun Amazon sotuvchisi uchun mahsulot takliflari ishga tushirildi (mish-mishlar ichki sifatida "Project Genesis" deb nomlangan) Amazonda sotish uchun uchinchi tomon sotuvchilariga ma'lum mahsulotlarni tavsiya qilish orqali. Tavsiya etilgan mahsulotlar mijozlarning ko'rib chiqish tarixiga asoslangan.^[109] 2019 yilda Amazon katta mahalliy onlayn-do'konni ishga tushirdi Singapur mintaqadagi raqobatchilar bilan raqobatning kuchayishi sharoitida o'z mahsulotlarini tanlashni kengaytirish.^[110]

2019 yil iyul oyida AQShning Filadelfiyadagi 3-chi shahar apellyatsiya sudi Amazon kompaniyasini uchinchi tomon sotuvi uchun javobgarlikka tortish to'g'risida qaror chiqardi.^[111] Ushbu qaror Amazonning foydasiga o'tgan pastki sud qaroriga zid edi. Xezer Oberdorf 2016 yilda bir ko'zning ko'rish qobiliyatini yo'qotishiga sabab bo'lgan itni taqish uchun kompaniyani sudga bergan edi. Agar qaror qabul qilinsa, Amazon va shunga o'xshash platformalar korxonalari nuqsonli mahsulotlar uchun qat'iy javobgarlikka tortilishi mumkin, bu qonunda katta o'zgarishlarni anglatadi.^[112] Sud hay'ati bu kamarning haqiqatan ham nuqsonli ekanligini aniqlash uchun ishni pastki sudga yubordi.^[113]

Amazon savdo darajasi

Amazon savdo darajasi (ASR) har qanday Amazon hududida sotiladigan mahsulotning mashhurligini ko'rsatmoqda. Bu soatiga yangilanadigan mashhurlikning nisbiy ko'rsatkichidir. Amalga ko'ra, bu Amazon tomonidan to'ldirilgan millionlab mahsulotlar uchun "eng yaxshi sotuvchilar ro'yxati".^[114] ASR mahsulot sotilishiga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ta'sir ko'rsatmasa-da, Amazon tomonidan uni eng ko'p sotilganlar ro'yxatiga qaysi mahsulotlarni kiritish kerakligini aniqlash uchun foydalaniladi.^[114] Ushbu ro'yxatlarda ko'rsatilgan mahsulotlar Amazon veb-saytida qo'shimcha ekspozitsiyani yoqtiradi va bu savdo hajmining oshishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Xususan, o'zlarining savdo darajalarida katta sakrashlarni (yuqoriga yoki pastga) duch keladigan mahsulotlar Amazonning "harakatlantiruvchi va silkituvchilar" ro'yxatiga kiritilishi mumkin; bunday ro'yxat savdolarning ko'payishiga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan qo'shimcha ta'sirni ta'minlaydi.^[115] Raqobat sabablari bo'yicha Amazon sotuvning haqiqiy ko'rsatkichlarini ommaga e'lon qilmaydi. Biroq, Amazon endi chiqarishni boshladi savdo nuqtasi orqali ma'lumotlar Nielsen BookScan tasdiqlangan mualliflarga xizmat.^[116] ASR nashriyotlar, ishlab chiqaruvchilar va sotuvchilar tomonidan ko'plab taxminlarning manbai bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, Amazon o'zi savdo darajasini hisoblash algoritmining tafsilotlarini oshkor qilmaydi. Ba'zi kompaniyalar Amazon savdo ma'lumotlarini ASR asosida sotish baholarini yaratish uchun tahlil qildilar,^[117] Amazon shunday deydi:

Iltimos, shuni yodda tutingki, bizning savdo-sotiqdagi ko'rsatkichlarimiz shunchaki xaridor uchun umumiy qiziqish uchun qo'llanma bo'lishi kerak va noshirlar uchun aniq savdo ma'lumotlari emas - biz sizning ma'lumotlaringizni tarqatish manbalaridan muntazam ravishda olgan deb o'ylaymiz.

— Amazon.com yordami^[118]

Ko'p darajali savdo strategiyasi

Amazon ko'p darajali elektron tijorat strategiyasini qo'llaydi. Amazon birinchi navbatda o'zi va mijozlari o'rtasidagi biznesdan iste'molchilar o'rtasidagi munosabatlarga va o'zi va etkazib beruvchilar o'rtasidagi biznesdan biznesga bo'lgan munosabatlarga e'tibor qaratishni boshladi va keyinchalik bitimlarni engillashtirish uchun vositachi bo'lib xizmat qiladigan Amazon bozori bilan mijozdan mijozga yordam berishga o'tdi. . Kompaniya har kimga o'z platformasidan foydalangan holda deyarli hamma narsani sotishga imkon beradi. Hech kimga Amazon havolalarini yuborish va bosish orqali sotish bo'yicha komissiya olish imkoniyatini beradigan sheriklik dasturidan tashqari, endi ushbu filiallarga Amazon platformasi asosida butun veb-saytlarni yaratishga imkon beruvchi dastur mavjud.^[119]

Ba'zi boshqa yirik elektron tijorat sotuvchilari o'zlarining veb-saytlari orqali sotishdan tashqari o'z mahsulotlarini sotish uchun Amazondan foydalanadilar. Savdolar Amazon.com orqali qayta ishlanadi va ishlov berish va buyurtmani bajarish uchun individual sotuvchilarga tushadi va Amazon ushbu chakana sotuvchilar uchun joy ijaraga beradi. Ishlatilgan va yangi tovarlarning kichik sotuvchilari belgilangan narxda tovarlarni taklif qilish uchun Amazon Marketplace-ga borishadi.^[120]

2015 yil noyabr oyida Amazon jismoniy Amazon Books do'konini ochdi Universitet qishlog'i Sietlda. Do'kon 5500 kvadrat metrni tashkil qiladi va barcha mahsulotlar narxlari veb-saytidagi narxlarga mos keladi.^[121] Amazon 2017 yilda o'zining o'ninchi jismoniy kitob do'konini ochadi;^[122] ommaviy axborot vositalarining taxminlariga ko'ra, Amazon oxir-oqibat mamlakat bo'ylab 300 dan 400 gacha kitob do'konlarini sotishni rejalashtirmoqda.^[121]

2018 yil iyun oyida Amazon Germaniyada g'isht va ohak kitob do'konlarini ochishni rejalashtirgani haqida xabar berilgan edi.^[123]

2020 yil sentyabr oyida Amazon o'zining mobil ilovasida hashamatli do'konlarni ishga tushirdi Oskar de la Renta firma bilan hamkorlik qiladigan birinchi va yagona yorliqqa aylaning.^[124]

Moliya

Amazon.com birinchi navbatda savdo daromadlari modeliga ega bo'lgan chakana sayt; Amazon veb-sayti orqali sotiladigan har bir mahsulotning sotish narxining ozgina foizini oladi, shu bilan birga kompaniyalarga taniqli mahsulotlar ro'yxatiga pul to'lash orqali o'z mahsulotlarini reklama qilishga imkon beradi.^[125] 2018 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], Amazon.com saytida 8-o'rinni egallagan Fortune 500 umumiy daromad bo'yicha AQShning eng yirik korporatsiyalarining reytingi.^[126]

2018 moliya yili uchun Amazon yillik daromad 232,887 milliard AQSh dollarini tashkil etib, 10,07 milliard AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi, bu avvalgi moliyaviy davrga nisbatan 30,9 foizga oshgan. 2007 yildan buyon biznesni doimiy ravishda kengaytirish hisobiga savdo hajmi 14,835 milliarddan 232,887 milliardgacha o'sdi.^[127]

2020 yilning to'rtinchi choragi natijalari e'lon qilingandan so'ng 2020 yilning fevral oyi boshida Amazonning kapitallashuvi yana 1 trillion AQSh dollaridan oshdi.^[128] Hozirda Amazonning jami ishchilari 798 ming kishini tashkil qiladi.^[128]

Qarama-qarshiliklar

Tashkil topganidan beri kompaniya o'z xatti-harakatlari uchun tanqid va tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi, shu jumladan: huquqni muhofaza qilish organlariga yuzni tanib olish kuzatuv vositalari bilan ta'minlash;^[142] bilan bulutli hisoblash bo'yicha hamkorlik aloqalarini o'rnatish Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi;^[143] xaridorlarni kitob do'konlaridan uzoqlashtirish;^[144] atrof muhitga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatishi;^[145] ishchilar uchun ombor sharoitida past ustuvorlikni belgilash; kasaba uyushma harakatlariga faol qarshi turish;^[146] Amazon Kindle foydalanuvchilari tomonidan sotib olingan tarkibni masofadan o'chirish; davlat subsidiyalarini olish; patent olishga intilish 1-tugmani bosing texnologiya; raqobatga qarshi harakatlar bilan shug'ullanish va narxlarni kamsitish;^[28][29] va qayta tasniflash LGBT kattalar uchun mo'ljallangan kitoblar.^[147][148] Tanqid, shuningdek, kabi tarkibni tsenzura qilish yoki nashr etish to'g'risida turli xil qarorlarga tegishli WikiLeaks veb-sayt, o'z ichiga olgan ishlar tuhmat va materialni osonlashtirish it bilan kurash, xo'roz urushi, yoki pedofil tadbirlar. 2011 yil dekabr oyida Amazon yangi narxlarni tekshirish dasturini ommalashtirish uchun bir kunlik shartnoma tuzish uchun kichik korxonalarning javobiga duch keldi. G'isht-g'isht do'konida narxlarni tekshirish uchun ushbu dasturdan foydalangan xaridorlarga xuddi shu buyumni Amazon'dan sotib olish uchun 5% chegirma taqdim etildi.^[149] Kompaniyalar yoqadi Groupon, eBay va Taap.it o'z mahsulotlaridan 10 dollar chegirma taklif qilib, Amazonning aktsiyasiga qarshi chiqdi.^[150][151] Kompaniya, shuningdek, o'z rentabelligini saqlab qolish va kengaytirish uchun etkazib beruvchilarga ortiqcha bosim o'tkazishda ayblovlarga duch keldi. Bezos taklif qilgandan so'ng, eng zaif kitob nashr etuvchilarni siqib chiqarish uchun qilingan harakatlar kompaniya ichida "Gazelle Project" deb nomlandi. Bred Stoun, "Amazon bu kichik noshirlarga gepard kasal jayronni ta'qib qilish usuli bilan murojaat qilishi kerak."^[98] 2014 yil iyul oyida Federal savdo komissiyasi kompaniyaga qarshi ota-onalarning roziligisiz amalga oshirilayotgan bolalarga ilova ichidagi xaridlarni targ'ib qilayotganligi to'g'risida sud ishini boshladi.^[152] 2019 yilda Amazon sotishni taqiqladi terini yoritish va irqchi iste'molchilar sog'lig'iga ta'sir qilishi mumkin bo'lgan mahsulotlar.^[153]

Atrof muhitga ta'siri

2018 yilda Amazon 44,4 million tonna chiqindi CO
2.^[154]

2019 yil sentyabr oyida Amazon ishchilari ushbu tadbir doirasida sayohatni tashkil etishdi Global iqlim bo'yicha ish tashlash.^[155][156] "Amazon Employees for Climate Justice" deb nomlangan ichki guruh 25 shahar va 14 mamlakatda 1800 dan ortiq xodimlar Amazonning atrof-muhitga ta'siri va harakatsizligiga qarshi norozilik aktsiyasida ishtirok etishga qaror qilishdi. Iqlim o'zgarishi.^[155] Ushbu ishchilar guruhi Jeff Bezos va Amazonga uchta aniq talab bilan murojaat qilishdi: siyosatchilarga xayriya qilishni to'xtatish va lobbistlar bu iqlim o'zgarishini inkor eting, bilan ishlashni to'xtatish uchun qazilma yoqilg'i neft va gaz qazib olishni tezlashtirish va nolga erishish uchun kompaniyalar uglerod chiqindilari 2030 yilgacha.^{[157][158][156]}

Amazon Shipment Zero dasturini taqdim etdi, ammo Shipment Zero 2030 yilgacha etkazib berish hajmining 50 foizini sof nolga kamaytirishni o'z zimmasiga oldi. Bundan tashqari, hatto 50 foiz ham Amazonning o'sish sur'ati hisobga olinsa, chiqindilar miqdori hozirgi darajaga nisbatan kamayishini anglatmaydi. buyurtmalar bo'yicha.^[159]

Ya'ni, Amazon bosh direktori, shuningdek, Amazon Parijdagi iqlim bo'yicha kelishuv maqsadlarini muddatidan 10 yil oldin bajaradigan va 2040 yilgacha uglerodli neytral bo'lgan Iqlim garovini imzoladi. Ushbu va'dadan tashqari, u 100 000 ta elektr etkazib beruvchi yuk mashinalarini ham buyurtma qildi. Rivian.^[160]

Amazon ikkala iqlimni rad etish guruhlarini, shu jumladan Raqobatbardosh korxonalar instituti va iqlim o'zgarishini inkor etuvchi siyosatchilar Jim Inxof.^[161][162]

2018 yil noyabr oyida jamoatchilik harakatlari guruhi qurilish ruxsatnomasiga qarshi chiqdi Goodman Group 160,000 kvadrat metr (1,700,000 sq ft) Amazon logistik platformasini qurish uchun ishlaydi Lion – Sen-Ekzuperi aeroporti. 2019 yil fevral oyida, Etien Tête ikkinchi mintaqaviy jamoatchilik harakatlari guruhi nomidan ma'muriy suddan platformaning atrof-muhitga ta'sirini oqlash uchun etarlicha muhim jamoatchilik manfaatlariga xizmat qilish-qilmasligini hal qilishni so'rab murojaat qildi. Ushbu masalalar hal bo'lguncha qurilish to'xtatildi.^[145]

Amazon Prime mijozlariga paketlarni eng samarali va ekologik toza vaqtda etkazib berish imkoniyatini yaratishni o'ylab ko'rdi (kompaniyaga yuklarni bir xil manzil bilan birlashtirishga imkon beradi), ammo mijozlar xaridlarni kamaytirishi mumkinligidan qo'rqib, bunga qarshi qaror qildilar.^[163] 2019 yildan buyon kompaniya mijozlarga "Amazon Day" opsiyasini taklif qilmoqda, bu erda barcha buyurtmalar o'sha kuni etkazib berilib, mijozlar qulayligini ta'kidlaydilar va vaqti-vaqti bilan Bosh mijozlarga sekinroq va arzonroq etkazib berish variantlarini tanlash evaziga kreditlar taqdim etadilar.^[163]

Soxta, xavfli va yaroqsiz narsalarni sotish

2016 yil 16 oktyabrda, olma uchinchi tomon kompaniyasiga qarshi sud da'voida Amazon firibgarlikning soxta Apple mahsulotlarini sotayotgani va ularni asl nusxada reklama qilganligi to'g'risida dalillar keltirdi. Xarid qilish orqali Apple 90% muvaffaqiyat darajasi bilan soxta mahsulotlarni aniqlashga qodirligini aniqladi. Amazon buyumlarning asl yoki yo'qligini to'g'ri aniqlamasdan ularni sotib olib, sotar edi. Boshqa kompaniya 2017 yil 27 aprelda Apple bilan noma'lum miqdorda kelishib oldi.^[164]

Amazon tomonidan soxta mahsulotlarning sotilishi keng e'tiborni tortdi, chunki har ikkala xarid ham uchinchi tomon tomonidan amalga oshirildi va Amazon omborlaridan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri jo'natilganlar soxta deb topildi. Bunga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Amazon o'zi tomonidan sotiladigan va "Amazon.com tomonidan sotiladigan va sotiladigan kemalar" sifatida belgilangan ba'zi mahsulotlar kiritilgan.^[165][166] Amazonda go'yoki Apple mahsuloti sifatida sotilgan soxta zaryadlovchi kabellar yong'in xavfi borligi aniqlandi.^[167][168] Bunday qalbakilashtirishlarga katta chipta buyumlaridan tortib har kungacha pinset, qo'lqop,^[169] va soyabon.^[170] Yaqinda bu Amazonning yangi oziq-ovqat xizmatlariga tarqaldi.^[171] Xabar berishlaricha, qalbaki mahsulot, ayniqsa, mahsulot sotish uchun tez nusxa ko'chirilayotgan rassomlar va kichik biznes sub'ektlari uchun muammo bo'lgan.^[172]

Soxta pul ishlab chiqarishni rag'batlantiradigan bitta Amazon biznes amaliyoti shundan iboratki, sukut bo'yicha Amazon-dagi sotuvchi hisob-kitoblari "muomaladagi inventarizatsiya" dan foydalanishga tayyor. Ushbu amaliyot bilan sotuvchi Amazonga yuboradigan tovarlarni mahsulot ishlab chiqaruvchisi va shu mahsulot bo'lishi kerak bo'lgan mahsulotni etkazib beradigan boshqa sotuvchilarning mollari bilan aralashtirib yuboradi.^[173][174] So'ngra xaridor sotuvchiga mahsulotni buyurtma qilganda, Amazon sotuvchiga ularni saqlash uchun yuborgan narsalarga emas, balki jo'natish uchun qulayligiga qarab inventarizatsiyalashgan zaxiralaridan chiqadi. 2017 yil dekabrdagi maqolaga ko'ra Forbes, "Bu shuni anglatadiki, soxta narsalar haqiqiy mahsulotlar bilan muomalada bo'lishi mumkin, hatto Amazon ham (aftidan) ularning qaerdan kelganligini osongina aniqlay olmaydi. Bu soxta firibgarlarga qo'shimcha himoya darajasini beradi, chunki ular orasidagi tutun ekrani va ular Amazon kompaniyasining shafqatsiz mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqaradi bilan ta'minot zanjiri ko'pincha juda qalin bo'ladi. "^[174][175]

2019 yil iyun oyida, Buzzfeed saytida "Amazonning tanlovi" deb nomlangan ba'zi mahsulotlar sifatsizligi, xaridorlarning shikoyatlari tarixi bo'lganligi va mahsulotlarni ko'rib chiqish manipulyatsiyasi dalillarini namoyish etganligi haqida xabar berdi.^[176]

2019 yil avgust oyida, The Wall Street Journal Amazon saytida sotish uchun federal idoralar tomonidan xavfli deb topilgan, adashtiruvchi yorliqli yoki federal regulyatorlar tomonidan taqiqlangan 4000 dan ortiq narsalarni topganliklari haqida xabar berishdi.^[177]

Izidan WSJ tergov, uchta AQSh senatori - Richard Blumenthal, Ed Marki va Bob Menendez - Jeff Bezosga ochiq xat yuborib, saytdagi xavfli narsalarni sotish bo'yicha choralar ko'rilishini talab qildi. Maktubda "Shubhasiz, Amazon o'zining ulkan platformasidan foydalanadigan iste'molchilarni xavfsiz saqlash bo'yicha majburiyatlarini bajarmayapti" deb aytilgan.^[178] The letter included a number of questions about the company's practices and gave Bezos a deadline to respond by September 29, 2019, saying "We call on you to immediately remove from the platform all the problematic products examined in the recent WSJ hisobot; explain how you are going about this process; conduct a sweeping internal investigation of your enforcement and consumer safety policies; and institute changes that will continue to keep unsafe products off your platform."^[178] Earlier in the same month, senators Blumenthal and Menendez had sent Bezos a letter about the Buzzfeed hisobot.^[178]

2019 yil dekabrda, The Wall Street Journal reported that some people were literally retrieving trash out of dumpsters and selling it as new products on Amazon. The reporters ran an experiment and determined that it was easy for a seller to set up an account and sell cleaned up junk as new products. In addition to trash, sellers were obtaining inventory from clearance bins, thrift stores, and pawn shops.^[179][180]

As a result of these issues, companies such as Birkenstock have pulled their products from the website.^[181]

In August 2020, an appeals court in California ruled that Amazon can be held liable for unsafe products sold on its website. A California woman had bought a replacement laptop battery that caught fire and caused her to receive uchinchi darajali kuyishlar.^[182]

Sales and use taxes

Amazon's state sales tax collection policy has changed over the years since it did not collect any sales taxes in its early years. AQShda, davlat va mahalliy savdo soliqlari federal darajada emas, balki shtat va mahalliy hukumat tomonidan undiriladi. Amazon ishlaydigan ko'plab mamlakatlarda savdo solig'i yoki qo'shilgan qiymat solig'i butun mamlakat bo'ylab bir xil va Amazon uni barcha mijozlardan yig'ib olishga majburdir. Proponents of forcing Amazon.com to collect sales tax—at least in states where it maintains a physical presence—argue the corporation wields an anticompetitive advantage over storefront businesses forced to collect sales tax.^[183]

Many U.S. states in the 21st century have passed onlayn xarid qilish sales tax laws designed to compel Amazon.com and other elektron tijorat chakana savdo korxonalari o'z mijozlaridan davlat va mahalliy savdo soliqlarini undirish uchun. Amazon.com originally collected sales tax only from five states as of 2011^[yangilash], but as of April 2017^[yangilash], Amazon collects sales taxes from customers in all 45 states that have a state sales tax and in Vashington, Kolumbiya^[184]

Daromad solig'i

Amazon paid no federal daromad solig'i in the U.S. in 2017 and 2018, and actually received tax refunds worth millions of dollars, despite recording several billion dollars in profits each year.^[27] CNN reported that Amazon's tax bill was zero because they took advantage of provisions in years when they were losing money that allowed them to offset future taxes on profits, as well as various other tax credits.^[185] Amazon was criticized by political figures for not paying federal income taxes.^[186]

Comments by Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders

In early 2018, President Donald Tramp repeatedly criticized Amazon's use of the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta xizmati and its prices for the delivery of packages, stating, "I am right about Amazon costing the United States Post Office massive amounts of money for being their Delivery Boy," Trump tweeted. "Amazon should pay these costs (plus) and not have them bourne [sic ] by the American Taxpayer."^[187] Amazon's shares fell by 6 percent as a result of Trump's comments. Shepard Smit ning Fox News disputed Trump's claims and pointed to evidence that the USPS was offering below-market prices to all customers with no advantage to Amazon. However, analyst Tom Forte pointed to the fact that Amazon's payments to the USPS are not made public and that their contract has a reputation for being "a sweetheart deal".^[188][189]

Throughout the summer of 2018, Vermont Senator Berni Sanders criticized Amazon's wages and working conditions in a series of YouTube videos and media appearances. He also pointed to the fact that Amazon had paid no federal income tax in the previous year.^[190] Sanders solicited stories from Amazon warehouse workers who felt exploited by the company.^[191] One such story, by Jeyms Bloodvort, described the environment as akin to "a low-security prison" and stated that the company's culture used an Orwellian gazeta.^[192] Ushbu hisobotlarda Nyu-Oziq-ovqat Iqtisodiyoti tomonidan Arizonadagi ijro markazining ishchilarining uchdan bir qismi ishlayotganligi haqidagi xulosaga asoslanib keltirilgan Oziqlanish uchun qo'shimcha dastur (SNAP).^[193] Responses by Amazon included incentives for employees to tweet positive stories and a statement which called the salary figures used by Sanders "inaccurate and misleading". The statement also charged that it was inappropriate for him to refer to SNAP as "food stamps".^[191] On September 5, 2018, Sanders along with Ro Khanna introduced the Stop Bad Employers by Zeroing Out Subsidies (Stop BEZOS ) Amazon va boshqa taxmin qilingan benefitsiarlarga qaratilgan qonun korporativ farovonlik kabi Walmart, McDonald's va Uber.^[194] Among the bill's supporters were Taker Karlson ning Fox News va Mett Taibbi who criticized himself and other journalists for not covering Amazon's contribution to wealth inequality earlier.^[195][196]

On October 2, 2018, Amazon announced that its minimum wage for all American employees would be raised to $15 per hour. Sanders congratulated the company for making this decision.^[197]

Kasaba uyushmalariga qarshi chiqish

Sietldagi ko'cha belgisining orqa qismida Amazonka qarshi xabarni bildiruvchi stiker tasvirlangan.

Amazon tomonidan qilingan sa'y-harakatlarga qarshi chiqdi kasaba uyushmalari AQShda ham, Buyuk Britaniyada ham tashkil qilish. 2001 yilda Sietldagi 850 xodim kasaba uyushma harakatidan so'ng Amazon.com tomonidan ishdan bo'shatildi. The Washington Alliance of Technological Workers (WashTech) accused the company of violating union laws, and claimed Amazon managers subjected them to intimidation and heavy propaganda. Amazon kasaba uyushma harakati va ishdan bo'shatish o'rtasidagi bog'liqlikni rad etdi.^[198] Shuningdek, 2001 yilda Amazon.co.uk AQSh menejment bo'yicha maslahat tashkilotini yolladi, Burke guruhi, tomonidan olib borilgan kampaniyani engishda yordam berish Grafik, qog'oz va media birlashmasi (GPMU, endi uning bir qismi Ittifoqni birlashtiring ) da tan olinishga erishish Milton Keyns tarqatish ombori. Ta'kidlanishicha, kompaniya 2001 yilda tan olinishi paytida to'rtta kasaba uyushma a'zosini jabrlangan yoki ishdan bo'shatgan va xodimlar bilan bir qator asir uchrashuvlarini o'tkazgan.^[199]

2018 yilda tarqalgan Amazon o'quv videosida "Biz ittifoqqa qarshi emasmiz, lekin biz ham betaraf emasmiz. Kasaba uyushmalari mijozlarimiz yoki aktsiyadorlarimiz yoki eng muhimi, bizning sheriklarimiz manfaatlariga ishonamiz."^[200] Ikki yil o'tgach, bu aniqlandi Butun ovqatlar was using a heat map to track which stores had the highest levels of pro-union sentiment. Irqiy xilma-xillik, boshqa kasaba uyushmalariga yaqinlik, atrofdagi hamjamiyatdagi qashshoqlik darajasi va ularni chaqiruvchi omillar Milliy mehnat munosabatlari kengashi "kasaba uyushma xavfi" ga hissa qo'shganlar sifatida nomlandi.^[201]

In early 2020, an Amazon internal documents were leaked, it said that Whole Foods has been using an interactive heat map to monitor its 510 locations across the U.S. and assign each store a unionization risk score based on such criteria as employee loyalty, turnover rate and racial diversity. Issiqlik xaritasida to'plangan ma'lumotlar irqiy va etnik xilma-xilligi past do'konlarning, ayniqsa kambag'al jamoalarda joylashgan do'konlarning birlashish ehtimoli ko'proq ekanligini ko'rsatadi.^[202][203]

Ish sharoitlari

Former employees, current employees, the media, and politicians have criticized Amazon for poor working conditions at the company.^{[204][205][206]} In 2011, it was publicized that workers had to carry out tasks in 100 °F (38 °C) heat at the Breinigsvill, Pennsylvania warehouse. As a result of these inhumane conditions, employees became extremely uncomfortable and suffered from dehydration and qulash. Loading-bay doors were not opened to allow in fresh air because of concerns over theft.^[207] Amazon's initial response was to pay for an ambulance to sit outside on call to cart away overheated employees.^[207] The company eventually installed air conditioning at the warehouse.^[208]

Some workers, "pickers", who travel the building with a trolley and a handheld scanner "picking" customer orders can walk up to 15 miles (24 kilometres) during their workday and if they fall behind on their targets, they can be reprimanded. The handheld scanners give real-time information to the employee on how quickly or slowly they are working; the scanners also serve to allow Team Leads and Area Managers to track the specific locations of employees and how much "idle time" they gain when not working.^[209][210]

In a German television report broadcast in February 2013, journalists Diana Löbl and Peter Onneken conducted a covert investigation at the distribution center of Amazon in the town of Yomon Xersfeld Germaniya shtatida Gessen. The report highlights the behavior of some of the security guards, themselves being employed by a third party company, who apparently either had a neo-natsistlar background or deliberately dressed in neo-Nazi apparel and who were intimidating foreign and temporary female workers at its distribution centers. The third party security company involved was delisted by Amazon as a business contact shortly after that report.^{[211][212][213][214]}

In March 2015, it was reported in The Verge that Amazon would be removing raqobatbardosh bo'lmagan qoidalar of 18 months in length from its US employment contracts for hourly-paid workers, after criticism that it was acting unreasonably in preventing such employees from finding other work. Even short-term temporary workers have to sign contracts that prohibit them from working at any company where they would "directly or indirectly" support any good or service that competes with those they helped support at Amazon, for 18 months after leaving Amazon, even if they are fired or made redundant.^[215][216]

A 2015 front-page article in The New York Times profiled several former Amazon employees^[217] who together described a "bruising" workplace culture in which workers with illness or other personal crises were pushed out or unfairly evaluated.^[14] Bezos responded by writing a Sunday memo to employees,^[218] in which he disputed the Times's account of "shockingly callous management practices" that he said would never be tolerated at the company.^[14]

In an effort to boost employee morale, on November 2, 2015, Amazon announced that it would be extending six weeks of paid leave for new mothers and fathers. This change includes birth parents and adoptive parents and can be applied in conjunction with existing maternity leave and medical leave for new mothers.^[219]

In mid-2018, investigations by journalists and media outlets such as Guardian reported poor working conditions at Amazon's fulfillment centers.^[220][221] Later in 2018, another article exposed poor working conditions for Amazon's delivery drivers.^[222]

In response to criticism that Amazon does not pay its workers a livable wage, Jeff Bezos announced beginning November 1, 2018, all US and UK Amazon employees will earn a $15 an hour minimum wage.^[223] Amazon will also lobby to make $15 an hour the federal eng kam ish haqi.^[224] At the same time, Amazon also eliminated stock awards and bonuses for hourly employees.^[225]

Yoqilgan Qora juma 2018, Amazon warehouse workers in several European countries, including Italy, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, went on strike to protest inhumane working conditions and low pay.^[226]

The Daily Beast reported in March 2019 that emergency services responded to 189 calls from 46 Amazon warehouses in 17 states between the years 2013 and 2018, all relating to suicidal employees. The workers attributed their mental breakdowns to employer-imposed social isolation, aggressive surveillance, and the hurried and dangerous working conditions at these fulfillment centers. One former employee told The Daily Beast "It's this isolating colony of hell where people having breakdowns is a regular occurrence."^[227]

On July 15, 2019, during the onset of Amazon's "Prime Day" sale event, Amazon employees working in the United States and Germany went on strike in protest of unfair wages and poor working conditions.^[228][229]

In March 2020, during the coronavirus outbreak when the government instructed companies to restrict social contact, Amazon's UK staff was forced to work overtime to meet the demand spiked by the disease. A GMB spokesperson said the company had put "profit before safety".^[230] GMB has continued to raise concerns regarding "gruelling conditions, unrealistic productivity targets, surveillance, bogus self-employment and a refusal to recognise or engage with unions unless forced", calling for the UK government and safety regulators to take action to address these issues.^[231]

2019 yil avgust oyida, BBC reported on Amazon's Twitter elchilar. Their constant support for and defense of Amazon and its practices have led many Twitter users to suspect that they are in fact botlar, being used to dismiss the issues effecting Amazon workers.^[232]

In its 2020 statement to its US shareholders, Amazon stated that "we respect and support the Core Conventions of the Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti (ILO), the ILO Asosiy printsiplar va huquqlar to'g'risidagi deklaratsiya, and the United Nations Inson huquqlari umumjahon deklaratsiyasi ". Operation of these Global Human Rights Principles has been "long-held at Amazon, and codifying them demonstrates our support for fundamental human rights and the dignity of workers everywhere we operate".^[233]

On 27 November 2020, Xalqaro Amnistiya said, workers in working for Amazon have faced great health and safety risks since the start of the COVID-19 pandemiya. Yoqilgan Qora juma, one of Amazon’s busiest periods, company failed to ensure the key safety features in Frantsiya, Polsha, Birlashgan Qirollik va AQSH. Workers have been risking their health and lives to ensure essential goods are delivered to consumer doorsteps, helping Amazon achieve record profits.^[234]

Conflict of interest with the CIA and DOD

2013 yilda Amazon xavfsizlikni ta'minladi 600 million AQSh dollari bilan shartnoma Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi, bu potentsialni keltirib chiqaradi manfaatlar to'qnashuvi Bezosga tegishli bo'lganlarni jalb qilish Washington Post va uning gazetasida Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi haqidagi ma'lumotlar.^[235] Milliy xavfsizlikni o'rganish markazi direktori Keyt Martin shunday dedi: "Bu kabi yirik gazeta uchun jiddiy potentsial manfaatlar to'qnashuvi Washington Post hukumat va hukumatning eng maxfiy qismi bilan shartnomaviy aloqada bo'lish. "^[236] This was later followed by a 10 milliard dollar bilan shartnoma AQSh Mudofaa vazirligi.^[143]

Seattle head tax and houselessness services

In May 2018, Amazon threatened the Sietl shahar kengashi ustidan employee head tax proposal that would have funded houselessness services and low-income housing. The tax would have cost Amazon about $800 per employee, or 0.7% of their average salary.^[237] In retaliation, Amazon paused construction on a new building, threatened to limit further investment in the city, and funded a repeal campaign. Although originally passed, the measure was soon repealed after an expensive repeal campaign spearheaded by Amazon.^[238]

Nashville Operations Center of Excellence

The incentives given by the Nashvill va Devidson okrugining metropolitan kengashi to Amazon for their new Operations Center of Excellence in Nashville Yards, a site owned by developer Janubi-g'arbiy qiymat sheriklari, have been controversial, including the decision by the Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development to keep the full extent of the agreement secret.^[239] The incentives include "$102 million in combined grants and tax credits for a scaled-down Amazon office building" as well as "a $65 million cash grant for capital expenditures" in exchange for the creation of 5,000 jobs over seven years.^[239]

The Tennessee Coalition for Open Government called for more transparency.^[239] Another local organization known as the People's Alliance for Transit, Housing, and Employment (PATHE) suggested no public money should be given to Amazon; instead, it should be spent on building more public housing for the working poor and the homeless and investing in more public transportation for Nashvillians.^[240] Others suggested incentives to big corporations do not improve the local economy.^[241]

In November 2018, the proposal to give Amazon $15 million in incentives was criticized by the Nashville Firefighters Union and the Nashville chapter of the Politsiyaning birodarlik buyrug'i,^[242] kim uni chaqirdi "korporativ farovonlik."^[243] In February 2019, another $15.2 million in infrastructure was approved by the council, although it was voted down by three council members, including Councilwoman Angie Henderson who dismissed it as "kronizm ".^[244]

Facial recognition technology and law enforcement

While Amazon has publicly opposed secret government surveillance, as revealed by Freedom of Information Act requests it has supplied yuzni aniqlash support to law enforcement in the form of the E'tirof etish technology and consulting services. Initial testing included the city of Orlando, Florida va Vashington okrugi, Oregon. Amazon offered to connect Washington County with other Amazon government customers interested in Rekognition and a body camera manufacturer. These ventures are opposed by a coalition of civil rights groups with concern that they could lead to an expansion of surveillance and be prone to abuse. Specifically, it could automate the identification and tracking of anyone, particularly in the context of potential police body camera integration.^{[142][245][246]} Because of the backlash, the city of Orlando publicly stated it will no longer use the technology, but may revisit this decision at a later date.^[247]

Access to NHS data

The UK government awarded Amazon a contract that gives the company free access to information about healthcare published by the UK's National Health Service.^[248] This will, for example, be used by Amazon's Alexa to answer medical questions, although Alexa also uses many other sources of information. The material, which excludes patient data, could also allow the company to make, advertise and sell its own products. The contract allows Amazon access to information on symptoms, causes and definitions of conditions, and "all related copyrightable content and data and other materials". Amazon can then create "new products, applications, cloud-based services and/or distributed software", which the NHS will not benefit from financially. The company can also share the information with third parties. The government said that allowing Alexa devices to offer expert health advice to users will reduce pressure on doctors and pharmacists.^[249]

Collection of data and surveillance

On February 17, 2020, a Panorama documentary highlighted the amount of data collected by the company and the move into surveillance causing concerns of politicians and regulators in the US and Europe.^[250][251]

Antitrust complaints

On June 11, 2020, the Yevropa Ittifoqi announced that it will be pressing charges against Amazon over its treatment of third-party e-commerce sellers.^[252]

In July 2020, Amazon along with other tech giants olma, Google va Facebook bozorda potentsial raqobatchilarni yo'q qilish uchun zararli kuch va raqobatga qarshi strategiyalarni saqlab qolishda ayblangan.^[253] The CEOs of respective firms appeared in a teleconference on July 29, 2020 before the lawmakers of the U.S. House Antitrust Subcommittee.^[254] In October, 2020, the antitrust subcommitte of the U.S. House of Representatives released a report accusing Amazon of abusing a monopoly position in ecommerce to unfairly compete with sellers on its own platform.^[255]

Anti-vaccination and non-scientific cancer 'cures'

Anti-vaccination and non evidence-based cancer 'cures' have routinely appeared high in Amazon's books and videos. This may be due to positive reviews posted by supporters of untested methods, or gaming of the algorithms by truther communities, rather than any intent on Amazon's part.^[256][257]

Wired magazine found that Amazon Prime Video was full of 'pseudoscientific documentaries laden with conspiracy theories and pointing viewers towards unproven treatments'.^[258]

U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff (D-Calif.) expressed concern that Amazon was “surfacing and recommending products and content that discourage parents from vaccinating their children.” Amazon subsequently removed five anti-vaccination documentaries.^[259] Amazon also removed 12 books that unscientifically claimed bleach could cure conditions including malaria and childhood autism. This followed an NBC News report about parents who used it in a misguided attempt to reverse their children's autism.^[260]

COVID-19 pandemiyasiga javob

Hazard pay and overtime

Amazon introduced new policies to reward frontline workers for continuing to come into work during the crisis. One of these policies, announced on March 16, 2020 was a temporary $2-per-hour rise in pay. This policy expired in June 2020.^[261] Amazon also announced a policy of unlimited, unpaid time off that lasted until April 30, 2020.^[262]

Additional hiring as a result of pandemic

Ga javoban Covid-19 pandemiyasi, Amazon introduced temporary restrictions on the sale of non-essential goods. In March 2020, it hired some 100,000 more staff in the US to help deal with essential items such as food and medical equipment. It also reported that it was so busy that it was unable to bring on board new customers and therefore had to have a waiting list. In April, the firm announced that it was going to hire up to 75,000 workers to help deal with increased demand.^[263]

Employee protests during COVID-19

During the pandemic there have been protests by the Amazon workers at warehouses in the US, France, and Italy. The BBC reported that there were confirmed coronavirus cases in more than 50 locations.^[263] The reason for the protests is the company policy to "run normal shifts" despite many positive cases of the virus.^[264] Ga ko'ra UNI Global Birligi, "Amazon cannot act like this is business as usual. We are facing a deadly virus that has already taken the lives of thousands of people and paralyzed the world's economy. If distribution centers are not safe for workers right now, they should be closed immediately."^[264] In Spain, the company has faced legal complaints over its policies.^[265] Despite workers at 19 warehouses in the US having tested positive for COVID-19, Amazon did not shut down warehouses, only doing so when forced by the government or because of protests. A group of US Senators wrote an open letter to Bezos in March 2020, expressing concerns about worker safety.^[266]

An Amazon warehouse protest on March 30, 2020, in Staten oroli led to its organizer, Christian Smalls, being fired. Amazon defended the decision by saying that Smalls was supposed to be in self-isolation at the time and leading the protest put its other workers at risk.^[265] Smalls has called this response "ridiculous".^[267] The New York state attorney general, Letitia Jeyms, is considering legal retaliation to the firing which she called "immoral and inhumane."^[265] U shuningdek so'radi Milliy mehnat munosabatlari kengashi to investigate Smalls' firing. Smalls himself accuses the company of retaliating against him for organizing a protest.^[267] At the Staten Island warehouse, one case of COVID-19 has been confirmed by Amazon; workers believe there are more, and say that the company has not cleaned the building, given them suitable protection, or informed them of potential cases.^[266] Smalls added specifically that there are many workers there in risk categories, and the protest only demanded that the building be sanitized and the employees continue to be paid during that process.^[267] Derrick Palmer, another worker at the Staten Island facility, told The Verge that Amazon quickly communicates through text and email when they need the staff to complete mandatory overtime, but have not been using this to tell people when a colleague has contracted the disease, instead waiting days and sending managers to speak to employees in person.^[266] Amazon claim that the Staten Island protest only attracted 15 of the facility's 5,000 workers,^[268] while other sources describe much larger crowds.^[266]

On April 14, 2020, two Amazon employees were fired for "repeatedly violating internal policies", after they had circulated a petition about health risks for warehouse workers internally.^[269]

On May 4, Amazon vice president Tim Bray resigned "in dismay" over the firing of whistle-blower employees who spoke out about the lack of COVID-19 protections, including shortages of face masks and failure to implement widespread temperature checks which were promised by the company. He said that the firings were "chickenshit" and "designed to create a climate of fear" in Amazon warehouses.^[270]

In a Q1 2020 financial report, Jeff Bezos announced that Amazon expects to spend $4 billion or more (predicted operating profit for Q2) on COVID-19-related issues: personal protective equipment, higher wages for hourly teams, cleaning for facilities, and expanding Amazon's COVID-19 testing capabilities. These measures intend to improve the safety and well-being of hundreds of thousands of the company's employees.^[271]

From the beginning of 2020 until September of the same year, the company declares that the total number of workers who have contracted the infection is 19,816.^[272]

Closure in France

The SUD (trade unions) brought a court case against Amazon for unsafe working conditions. This resulted in a French district court (Nanterre ) ruling on April 15, 2020, ordering the company to limit its deliveries to food and essential medical or hygienic products or pay a €1 million per day fine. Amazon said it would appeal, and on the following day shut its six French warehouses until at least April 21, 2020, for evaluation of the situation.^[273]

Lobbichilik

Amazon lobbies the United States federal government and state governments on multiple issues such as the enforcement of sales taxes on online sales, transportation safety, privacy and ma'lumotlarni himoya qilish va intellektual mulk. According to regulatory filings, Amazon.com focuses its lobbying on the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi, Federal aloqa komissiyasi va Federal zaxira. Amazon.com spent roughly $3.5 million, $5 million and $9.5 million on lobbying, in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.^[274]

Amazon.com was a corporate member of the Amerika qonunchilik almashinuvi kengashi (ALEC) until it dropped membership following protests at its shareholders' meeting on May 24, 2012.^[275]

In 2014, Amazon expanded its lobbying practices as it prepared to lobby the Federal aviatsiya ma'muriyati to approve its drone delivery program, hiring the Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld lobbying firm in June.^[276] Amazon and its lobbyists have visited with Federal Aviation Administration officials and aviation committees in Washington, D.C. to explain its plans to deliver packages.^[277] In September 2020 this moved one step closer with the granting of a critical certificate by the FAA.^[278]

In 2019 it spent $16.8m and had a team of 104 lobbyists, up from $14.4m and 103 lobbyists in 2018.^[279]

Shuningdek qarang

• Amazon Breakthrough Novel mukofoti
• Amazon Flexible Payments Service
• Amazon bozori
• Amazon standart identifikatsiya raqami (ASIN)
• Tuya tuya – a website that tracks the prices of products sold on Amazon.com
• Kitob tarqatuvchilar ro'yxati
• Internal carbon pricing
• Statistik jihatdan mumkin bo'lmagan iboralar – Amazon.com's phrase extraction technique for indexing books

Adabiyotlar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• Amazon (kompaniya) kompaniyalari guruhlangan OpenCorporates
• Amazon.com, Inc uchun biznes ma'lumotlari:
  • Google Finance
  • Yahoo! Moliya
  • Bloomberg
  • SEC hujjatlari