Cumbernauld - Cumbernauld

Cumbernauld
Kambernauld havodan Sankt-Moris havzasi bilan pastda va Longannet elektr stantsiyasining yuqori qismida Forthning narigi tomonida joylashgan. Chap tomonda Beshinchi va Klayd kanali va o'ng tomonda Fannysayd Lochlar ko'rinadi.
Cumbernauld janubi-g'arbdan
Cumbernauld Shimoliy Lanarkshirda joylashgan
Cumbernauld
Cumbernauld
Ichida joylashgan joy Shimoliy Lanarkshir
Maydon21,5 km2 (8,3 kvadrat milya)[1]
Aholisi50,430 [2] (taxminan 2018)
• Zichlik2,346 / km2 (6,080 / sqm mil)
OS tarmog'iga ma'lumotnomaNS763736
• Edinburg31 mil (50 km)
• London345 mil (555 km)
Kengash maydoni
Leytenantlik maydoni
MamlakatShotlandiya
Suveren davlatBirlashgan Qirollik
Pochta shaharchasiGLASGOW
Pochta indeksiG67, G68
Kodni terish01236
PolitsiyaShotlandiya
Yong'inShotlandiya
Tez yordamShotlandiya
Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti
Shotlandiya parlamenti
Joylar ro'yxati
Buyuk Britaniya
Shotlandiya
55 ° 56′42 ″ N. 3 ° 59′38 ″ V / 55.945 ° N 3.994 ° Vt / 55.945; -3.994Koordinatalar: 55 ° 56′42 ″ N. 3 ° 59′38 ″ V / 55.945 ° N 3.994 ° Vt / 55.945; -3.994

Cumbernauld (/ˌkʌmbarˈnɔːld/; Shotlandiya: Cummernaud[3] /ˌkʌmarˈnɔːd/;[4] Shotland galigi: Comar nan Allt[5]) - bu katta shahar Shimoliy Lanarkshir, Shotlandiya. Bu to'qqizinchi Shotlandiyada aholi eng ko'p yashaydigan joy va shimoliy Lanarkshirdagi eng aholi punkti joylashgan markaz Shotlandiklar Markaziy kamar. Geografik nuqtai nazardan, Cumbernauld sharq va g'arb o'rtasida joylashgan bo'lib, u erda joylashgan Shotlandiya suv havzasi o'rtasida To'rtinchi va Klayd; ammo, bu madaniy jihatdan ancha og'irroq Glazgo va Yangi shaharcha rejalashtiruvchilar uylarning bosimini pasaytirish uchun 80% uylarini Shotlandiyaning eng yirik shahridan to'ldirishni o'ylashdi.[6]

Kambernauld rimliklar tomonidan qadimgi davrlarda qayd etilgan. Buning izlari bugungi kunda ham ko'rinadi, masalan Vestervud va unchalik sezilmaydigan tarzda shimoliy M80 bu erda legionerlar paydo bo'lib, keyinchalik Auld Cley yo'li deb nomlanishadi. Bu Cumbernauld Community Parkda, shuningdek Shotlandiyaning yagona ko'rinadigan ochiq osmon ostidagi Rim qurbongohi joylashgan joyda, hayratlanarli odamlarning soyasida. Kerrikstone Suv minorasi.

Ko'p yillar davomida Kambernauld asosan hozirgi zamon nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan Qishloq bilan O'rta asr qal'asi o'z parki bilan o'ralgan qisqa yurish. Qal'ada tez-tez tashrif buyuradigan royalti bo'lib turar edi va maydonlar eman o'rmonida ovlangan oq mollari bilan mashhur edi. Shahar tarqaldi, chunki qishloqning to'quvchilik sanoati tog'-kon sanoati bilan to'ldirilib, Shotlandiya bo'ylab sayohat osonlashgani sababli To'rtinchi va Klayd kanali va barpo etilayotgan temir yo'llar. Cumbernauld temir yo'l stantsiyasi Qishloqdan bir oz uzoqlikda bo'lsa ham, Glazgo bilan aloqa yaxshilandi, Falkirk va Stirling.

Cumbernauld 1955 yil 9-dekabrda yangi shaharcha uchun joy sifatida belgilandi. Bu shahar Shimoliy Lanarkshirdagi eng yirik shaharga aylanguniga qadar taxminan 40 yil davomida tez sur'atlarda kengayishiga va qurilishiga olib keldi. 2011 yilda Buyuk Britaniyada o'tkazilgan aholini ro'yxatga olishda, Kambernauld aholisi taxminan 52000 kishini tashkil etdi va o'ndan ziyod aholiga joylashdi. yashash joylari. Cumbernauld iqtisodiyoti asosan ishlab chiqarishning aralashmasi sanoat maydonlari, shuningdek, xizmat ko'rsatish sohalari Shahar markazi va M80 ga yaqin saytlarda.

Tarix

Dastlabki tarix

qal'alar bilan Antonin devorining xaritasi
Qal'alar va Fortletlar bilan bog'liq Antonin devori g'arbdan sharqqa: Bishopton, Qari Kilpatrik, Duntocher, Kleddanlar, Castlehill, Bersden, Summerston, Balmuildy, Yovvoyi plantatsiya, Kadder, Glazgo ko'prigi, Kirkintilloch, Auchendavy, Bar tepalik, Kroy tepaligi, Vestervud, Kastlekari, Dengiz qushlari, Qo'pol qal'a, Tuya, Watling Lodge, Falkirk, Mumrilllar, Inveravon, Kinneil, Karriden
Masofadagi plita bo'yicha Rim propagandasi? Rim gravyurasida tasvirlangan mahalliy itoatkor. Ushbu qumtosh plita[7] Arniebog fermasidan topilgan, Vestervud 1868 yilda[8] U skaner qilindi va videofilm tayyorlandi.[9]

Kambernauldning tarixi hech bo'lmaganda shu qadar cho'zilgan Rim marta, kabi Vestervud[10] Rim qal'asi edi Antonin devori,[11] Rim imperiyasining eng uzoq va shimoliy chegarasi.[12] Qal'aning sharqida ikkita Rim vaqtinchalik lageri topildi va raqamli ravishda qayta tiklandi,[13] Tollparkda (hozirda qoplanadi Wardpark Shimoliy)[14][15] va Garnxolda,[16][17] ikkitasiga o'xshash Dullatur. Eng ko'p muhokama qilinganlardan biri[18] Cumbernaulddan Rim topilmalari - bu tasvirlangan qumtosh plitasi Triton va yalang'och, tiz cho'kkan asir. Bu Arniebogdagi fermada topilgan[19] (Cumbernauld aeroporti va Vestervud golf maydonchasi o'rtasida).[20] Plitalar[21] hozirda ko'rish mumkin Ovchilar muzeyi Glazgoda Arniebogdan yozilmagan qurbongoh bilan birga[22] va qurilgan qurbongoh kabi boshqa asarlar va haykalcha Kastlekari va eski nusxasi Bridgeness plitasi.[23] Bunga qo'shimcha ravishda, qurbongoh toshi Silvanus va Verecundus ismli yuzboshi va uning rafiqasi tomonidan bag'ishlangan osmon[24] topildi.[25][26] Cumbernauld shuningdek Shotlandiyada hali ham ochiq havoda bo'lgan yagona Rim qurbongohiga ega: Karrik Toshi.[27][28] Tosh, shuningdek, Robert Bryus bilan bog'langan, chunki u xabar berishicha, u o'z yo'lida o'z standartini o'rnatgan Bannokbern.[29] Qabristonga borishda tosh ustiga tobutlar qo'yilganiga oid ba'zi dalillar mavjud Kirkintilloch[30] va tosh biroz eskirgan.[31]

Cumbernauldning ismi, ehtimol Gael comar nan allt, "kuyishlar yoki oqimlarning uchrashuvi" ma'nosini anglatadi. Etimologiya borasida turlicha qarashlar mavjud[32] bu. Bitta nazariya shundaki, uning yuqori nuqtasidan Markaziy kamar, uning oqimlari ikkala g'arb tomonga qarab oqing Daryo Klayd va sharqdan To'rtinchi Firth Demak, Kambernauldning nomi a suv havzasi. Boshqa bir nazariya bu nomni yig'ilish nuqtasiga tegishli Qizil kuyish va Kambernauld Glen ichidagi Bog Stank irmoqlari. "Cumbernauld" odatda gal tilidagi ism hisoblanadi. Biroq, o'z ichiga olgan dastlabki shakllar Cumyr- a haqida ishora Kumbrik oldingisi olingan * cömber, "to'qnashuv" (qarang) Uelscha kimmer, 'to'qnashuv'),[33] bilan sinonim Aber. Bu Cumbric bilan qo'shilgan ko'rinadi * -ïn-alt, ehtimol tepalik yoki qiyalikka ishora qiluvchi topografik qo'shimchalar (Welsh yn allt, 'tepalikda').

Kominlar qal'asining motti
Fleming uyi - shahar markazi
Blau 1654 yildagi xarita[34] asoslangan Pontniki asl v.1596[35] "Sharqiy Markaziy pasttekisliklar (Stirling, Falkirk va Kilsit) - Pont 32" xaritasi tasvirlangan Cumbernad Katt., Dulettyr, V. Vud, Kastel Kari, Ridburn va sirli Horſeward B.

Erlarining nizomi to'g'risidagi yozuv mavjud Lenzi va Kambernauld, berilgan Uilyam Komin tomonidan Aleksandr II 1216 yilda.[36] Cumbernauld qal'asi birinchi bo'lib Norman uslubida qurilgan motte va Beyli qal'a. Ga tegishli Kominlar, bog'ning sharqiy qismida joylashgan bo'lib, u erda motte (tepalik) hali ham ko'rinib turibdi.[37] Flemings Cumbernauld qal'asini va uning mulkini egallab oldi (v.1306) keyin Robert Bryus o'ldirgan Qizil komin. Robert Fleming Bryusning ashaddiy tarafdori va o'sha kuni uning hamrohlaridan biri edi.[38] Kominning vafot etganligini isbotlash uchun Fleming o'sha paytdan beri Fleminglar oilasining shiori bo'lgan "ish ko'rsin" deb boshini kesib tashladi.[39] 1310 yil 1 oktyabrda Robert Bryus maktub yozdi Angliyalik Edvard II Kildrumdan[40] muvaffaqiyatsiz, Shotlandiya va Angliya o'rtasida tinchlik o'rnatish uchun harakat.[41] Aberkrombi Malkom Flemingni ilgari surgun qilingan 21 yoshli yigit bilan Inverberviga uyiga qaytib kelishini tasvirlaydi Shoh Dovud II.[42] Taxminan 1371 yilda oila ikkinchi qal'ani qurdi, u erda Cumbernauld House endi turibdi.[43] Bitta qal'a devori mavjud, ammo toshdan yasalgan buyumlarning aksariyati Uy yoki boshqa binolar uchun qayta ishlangan. Qirol Robert III ritsar Malkolm va ser Malkolm Fleming va uning merosxo'rlariga 1406 yil 2 aprelda, qirolning o'limidan ikki kun oldin, Kambernauld qal'asiga ustav bergan.[44] Malkom (va uning merosxo'ri[45] 1427 yilda[46]) to'lovni garovga olish sifatida ishlatilgan Jeyms I ingliz tilidan. U, shuningdek, Jeyms tomonidan hibsga olingan va qisqa vaqt ichida Dalkeyt qal'asida qamoqqa tashlanganga o'xshaydi.[47] 1440 yilda ushbu Malkolm Fleming ishtirok etdi Qora kechki ovqat uning 16 yoshli do'sti bilan birga Graf Uilyam Duglas va uning 11 yoshli ukasi Devid Duglas Edinburg qal'asida.[48] Qora buqaning boshi tortilgan kechki ovqatdan so'ng, soxta ayblovlar bo'yicha sud jarayoni bo'lib o'tdi va birodarlar 10 yoshli Qirolning oldida boshini tanasidan judo qilishdi. Jeyms II. Malkom uch kundan keyin ularning taqdiri bilan o'rtoqlashdi.[49] Malkomdan keyin uning o'g'li Robert o'rnini egalladi.[50]

Old Eski Parish qabristonidagi Boshsuyagi va xoch suyaklari toshi 1654 yildan. Eng qadimgi mahalliy o'ymakorlik 1625 yilga oid.
A kaptarxona 1600-yillarda o'yin egasining uyiga biriktirilgan

Qal'ada Shotlandiya qirolligining mezoni o'ynagan. Jeyms IV (1473–1513) o'zaro aloqada bo'lishdi Margaret Drummond Margaretning singlisi lord Flemingga uylangan Kambernulld qal'asida. Drummond opa-singillar dafn etilgan Dunblane sobori ularning zaharlanishidan so'ng, ehtimol hukumat tomonidan istamagan qirol Jeymsni singlisiga uylantirishga qaror qilgan Angliyalik Genrix VIII, Margaret Tudor. Qotilliklar Jeyms IVni Cumbernauldga tez-tez tashrif buyuradigan Margaret Tudor bir safar unga hamrohlik qildi. 1500 yilda Jeymsning hukmronligi davrida Qora o'lim tirik qolgan Cumbernauld aholisining Glazgodagi cherkov ma'murlariga, ularning barcha o'liklarini Kirkintillochdagi Aziz Ninian qabristoniga olib borish o'rniga, o'zlarining qabristonlarini tashkil etishlariga ruxsat berishlari to'g'risida maxsus iltimosiga sabab bo'ldi.[51] Ularga ruxsat berilib, XII asrning oxiridan boshlab mavjud Kominlar ibodatxonasida foydalanilgan.

Post islohot tarixi

Cumbernauld House va Grounds

Jeyms V 1529 yil 14-dekabr atrofida qasrda bir necha kun qolish kabi qayd etilgan.[52] 1542 yil noyabrda, Malkom Fleming, Shotlandiyalik Lord Chemberlen qirolga Jeyms V da inglizlar tomonidan asirga olingan Solvey Moss jangi, lekin 1000 to'lovi bilan ozod qilingan belgilar, 1548 yil 1-iyulda to'langan. Shotlandiya malikasi Meri xabarlarga ko'ra, qal'ani ziyorat qilgan va 1561 yilda maydonga shirin kashtan daraxtini ekkan;[53] u shuningdek, yew daraxtini ekkan deb aytishadi Castlecary qal'asi, atigi bir-ikki mil narida, u hali ham o'sha erda o'sadi. Qirolicha turgan paytda butun katta zal qulab tushdi Kommernalde 1562 yil 26-yanvarda 7 yoki 8 kishi o'ldirildi. Malika partiyasining aksariyati ovga chiqqan.[54] Meri zarar ko'rmadi va pastdagi qishloqda jarohat olgan yoki o'lganlarning qarindoshlariga tashrif buyurdi.[55] Royalt nodir Shotlandiya buqasini ov qilish uchun shaharga tez-tez tashrif buyurgan[56] yoki Kambernauld atrofida o'rmonda yurgan oq mollar. Ushbu o'rmonlar qadimiyning saqlanib qolgan bo'lagi edi Kaledoniya o'rmoni Bu erda ho'kizlar kamida 1571 yilgacha va ehtimol yangi uy qurilgunga qadar ko'paygan. Ularning ko'plari qasddan o'ldirilgan Regent Lennox bir odam va bir da'vogar shikoyat qilmoqdalar: "Va boshqalar qatori jinoyatchilar ham jinoyatchilar tomonidan o'ldirilib, Jon Flemingning Kummernald o'rmonidagi dere va xit ky va buqalarni o'ldirishdi. Ushbu ky va bullis ges ushbu pulni ushbu o'rmonda yeyrisni keipitadi; chunki Albionning boshqa qismlarida ham shunga o'xshash narsalar yaxshi bililgan. "[57] "(Ingliz tilida va boshqalar qatorida Graf askarlari tomonidan sodir etilgan ulkan dahshatlar, ular kiyikni o'ldirishdi va yo'q qilishdi.[58] Jon Flemingning Kambernauldagi o'rmonida va oq sigirlar va buqalar katta halokatgacha ko'chmas mulk parki[59] va umumiy manfaatlarga to'sqinlik qilish. Chunki uzoq yillar davomida ushbu o'rmonda bunday sigirlar va buqalar boqilgan; va shunga o'xshash narsalar Britaniya orollarining boshqa biron bir qismida ma'lum bo'lganidek saqlanmagan. ")[60][61]

Jon Livingstone 1632-1634 yillar orasida tez-tez Cumbernauldda bo'lgan. U erda u erda bo'lgan Shotts Revival 1630 yil 21-iyun, dushanba kuni u voizlik qilganida va bir kunda 500 kishi "ularga sezilarli o'zgarishlarni kiritgan".[62] 1640 yilda o'n sakkizta Shotlandiya zodagonlari imzo chekish uchun Kambernauldda uchrashdilar Cumbernauld Bond siyosatiga qarshi turish Argilning grafligi Shotlandiyada hukmron siyosiy fraktsiyani boshqargan.[63] Cumbernauld yaratilgan bo'lishi mumkin a Baronlik burgi 1649 yilda,[64] Garchi Ugo Millardan bir muncha tortishuvlar mavjud bo'lsa ham. Vigton grafiga 1650 yilda qasrni garnizon qilish buyurilgan.[65] Cumbernauld qal'asi tomonidan qamal qilingan va asosan vayron qilingan Kromvel "s General Monk 1651 yilda.[66] Irvine eski qasr "paytida Highlanders bir partiya tomonidan erga yoqib yuborilgan, deb yozadi 1715 yilgi isyon."[67]

Quyosh soatlari 1725 yildan
Cumbernauld House

Cumbernauld House, hali ham omon qolgan, tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Uilyam Adam va 1731 yilda eski qal'a yonida qurilgan. 1746 yilda orqaga chekinish Yoqub qo'shini bir kecha uchun hisobot qilingan[68] Cumbernauld qishlog'ida. Kumbernauld Xausda qolish o'rniga, qo'mondon, Lord Jorj Myurrey, qishloqdagi Black Bull Inn-da uxlardi, u erda u o'z askarlariga nisbatan intizomni kuchaytirishi mumkin edi. Yangi uy qurilgandan so'ng, qal'a otxonaga aylantirildi, ammo tasodifan yonib ketdi ajdarholar Uyning Glen shahrida joylashgan maydonchasi bugungi kunda "Kambernauld Park" deb nomlanuvchi park sifatida ishlatiladi.

Postindustrial inqilob

Cumbernauld olovli loydan ishlangan[69]

Taxminan 40-50 fermer xo'jaliklarida ishlagan ishchilar va 1839 yildan boshlab tafsilotlar ham ekin ekish, ham chorvachilik uchun qayd etilgan. Ulardan ba'zilari egalari uchun "juda katta daromad" keltirishi aytilgan.[70] To'quv ayniqsa, shahar sanoatining muhim qismi bo'lgan Sanoat inqilobi. Irvin 1841 yilda 4501 kishidan iborat butun aholining beshdan bir qismi 600 ga yaqin dastgohlarda ishlaganini yozadi.[71] Paxtachilik foydali kasb emas edi; aslida kottejlar, ayniqsa, doimiy sanoatlashtirish bilan raqobatlashayotganda, pullarini tejashga qiynaldilar.[72] 1878 yil oktyabrda bunga muvaffaqiyatsizlik qo'shildi Glasgow banki bunga qishloq pullarining katta qismi sarmoya qilingan.[73] Ko'plab pasttekislik ishchilari ko'chib ketishdi va Groom's Gazetteer 1896 gazetasi aholining kamayib borayotganligini qayd etdi va "Cheklar va boshqa chiziqli matolardan dastgoh to'qish hali ham davom etmoqda, ammo kon qazib olish va karer qazib olish asosiy sanoat hisoblanadi".[74] U erda juda ko'p ish bor edi, lekin hattoki yaqin atrofdagi kabi malakali ishchilar uchun ham Kalton to'quvchilari, vaqt juda qiyin edi.

Glencryan shahridagi ishlatilmaydigan o't o'chiradigan shaxtaga kirish

Konchilik va tosh qazish qurilishi tugagandan so'ng sanoat rivojlandi To'rtinchi va Klayd kanali 1790 yilda. Ohaktosh, ko'mirni qazib olish[75] va gil Cumbernauldda, masalan Glencryan shahrida bo'lib o'tdi adits eski fireclay konlari hali ham aniq ko'rinib turibdi.[76] Groome's Gazetteer (1882–86) shunday deydi: "Colliery Netherwoodda [aeroportdan shimolda[77][78][79]]; Kerron kompaniyasi tomonidan [Westerwood fermasida] temir toshi ozgina miqdorda qazib olingan[80]]; va ohaktosh, g'ishtli gil, qumtosh va tuzoq - bularning barchasi asosan ishlangan, qurilish uchun qumtosh, yo'l metallari, yo'lak va qo'pol toshlar uchun tuzoq. "Natervuddagi ma'dan qo'lda pompalanadi. Cumbernauldda ularni suvdan tozalash uchun mashina nasoslari mavjud edi.[81] Egalik qilgan Cumbernauldda loydan yasalgan loy ishlari bor edi Glenboig Union Fireclay Company Limited.[82] Cumbernauld temir yo'l stantsiyasi tomonidan qurilgan Kaledoniya temir yo'li va 1848 yil avgustda Gartsherrie (avvalgisida) yo'nalishida ochildi Garnkirk va Glazgo temir yo'li ) Grinxillga Shotlandiya markaziy temir yo'li. U bir yil ichida yopildi, ammo 1870-yillarda qayta ochildi.

Parish yozuvlari 1835 va 1839 yillarda oilaning kasb-hunar rahbarlari, shu jumladan bir nechta novvoylar, xizmatchilar, poyabzalchilar va durustlarni tasvirlab beradi.[83] 1860 yildagi Ordnance Survey nom kitoblarida xuddi shu davrdagi erdan foydalanish to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlar berilgan.[84]

mahalliy "Jan's Hole" nomi bilan tanilgan Fannysidedagi basseyn

Kambernauld uzoq vaqt davomida Glazgo va Edinburg o'rtasida otlarni almashtirish uchun sahna posti bo'lgan va u erda bir nechta mehmonxonalar, har xil shaharlarga kuniga bir necha o'nlab murabbiylar va mittilar bor edi.[85] 1899 yilgi O.S. kabi eski xaritalar. xaritasi a kabi boshqa ish joylarini ko'rsatadi gaz ishlaydi va paypoq fabrikasi Qishloq[86] va makkajo'xori tegirmoni[87] da Lenziemill eski g'isht va quvur ishlariga yaqin.[88][89] Uchta maktab boshqarilgan, ammo o'qituvchilarga har doim ham merosxo'rlar maosh olmaydilar. Bir necha cherkov xizmatchilari va O'rnatilgan cherkov o'z pullarini ololmaydigan haftada 25 nafar kambag'al odamga pul to'lagan.[90] Shuningdek, Groom ish yuritish ishlarini olib boradi, chunki pochta bo'limi, ikkita bank (haftada ikki kun mehmonxonadagi xonada o'tkazilgan)[84]) va yangiliklar xonasi bo'lgan kutubxona.[91]

1890-yillarning oxirlarida Jeyn Lindsay (Millar so'zlariga ko'ra uchta qulog'i borligi sababli uni Luggi Jan ham deb atashgan) suv havzasida o'ldirilgan.[92] Fannyside Murning chekkasida. Sud ekspertlari, Glazgo va Edinburg professorlari qarama-qarshi tomonlarda va isbotlanmagan hukm qaytarildi.[93]

Tarixda Cumbernauld turli xil ma'muriy yurisdiktsiyalarda bo'lgan[94] shu jumladan Stirlingshir, Dunbartonshir (ba'zan Dumbartonshir deb yozilgan[95]), va Kambernauld va Kilsit Tumani Strathclyde mintaqa. 1995 yildan beri uning bir qismi bo'lgan Shimoliy Lanarkshir. Qo'llari Kambernauld va Kilsit Tuman Kengashi oq mollarni va Vulkan ovozi "Daur va Prosper" shiori jasorat bilan ta'kidlamoqda Dare and Prosper.[96] Biroq ochiq Injil va shaxtyor chiroqi Shimoliy Lanarkshir gerbiga olib borilgan yagona belgi edi.[97]

Yangi shahar tarixi

Ushbu ko'k ko'priklar butun shahar bo'ylab joylashgan. Ko'rish Hillcrest.

Cumbernauld yangi shahar deb tayinlangan[98] 1955 yil 9-dekabrda. Bu urushdan keyingi davrda juda ko'p kino, foto va qog'oz yozuvlari mavjud[99] hozirda mavjud bo'lgan raqamlashtirilgan. 1957 yil 28 iyunda ochilish marosimi bo'lib o'tdi Viskont Muirshiel, Shotlandiya bo'yicha davlat kotibi ulardan bir nechta jim, rangli kadrlar saqlanib qoladi. Ga qarang Film va televizorda ushbu va shu davrdagi boshqa lavhalarga havola uchun bo'lim.

Keyin Ikkinchi jahon urushi, Glazgo surunkali uy-joy etishmovchiligidan aziyat chekardi va Germaniya bombardimonidan omon qolganlar, ko'pincha sifatsiz bo'lib, aholisi xavfli sharoitda yashashgan; kabi sohalarda Gorballar. Bevosita natija sifatida 1946 yil Klayd vodiysi mintaqaviy rejasida ortiqcha to'kish to'g'risidagi bitim orqali muammoni engillashtirish uchun sun'iy yo'ldosh yangi shaharchalar qurilishi kerak bo'lgan joylar ajratilgan.[100] Glazgo, shuningdek, o'zining periferik uy-joy massivlarini rivojlantirishni o'z zimmasiga oladi. Cumbernauld a sifatida tayinlangan Yangi shahar 1955 yilda, uchinchisi Shotlandiyada tayinlangan. Boshqalar edi Sharqiy Kilbrid, Glenrothes, Livingston va Irvin (Cowling 1997).

Janubiy Karbrain Cumbernauld temir yo'l stantsiyasi

Rivojlanish, rag'batlantirish va boshqarish 1996 yilgacha Cumbernauld Development Corporation (CDC) tomonidan amalga oshirilgan. Bu edi quango Shotlandiya bo'yicha davlat kotibi tomonidan tayinlangan (Kovling 1997). Ajratilgan maydon mavjud qishloqlarni o'z ichiga olgan 4150 gektar maydonni (1680 ga) tashkil etdi Kondratrat va Cumbernauld. Birinchi yangi uy 1958 yilda ishga tushirilgan. 1973 yil 19 martda belgilangan shahar hududiga yana 3638 gektar maydon (1472 ga) qo'shilgan bo'lib, qayta ko'rib chiqilgan[101] maqsadli 70,000 aholisi.

Cumbernauld - bu Buyuk Britaniyadagi zamonaviy shaharcha ko'rinishining eng aniq namunasidir.[102] Uy-joy dastlab tepaliklar shahar markazi atrofida to'plangan bir qator yo'ldosh mahallalarida qurilgan. Odamlar va avtoulovlarni ajratish shaharning birinchi bosh rejasining asosiy elementi bo'lgan va bu shaharni rivojlantirishning ko'p qismida amalga oshirilgan. Cumbernauld dizayni uchun kashshof bo'lgan yer osti yo'llari[103] va piyodalar uchun piyodalar ko'priklari, shuningdek ajratilgan piyodalar yo'llari. Bu Glazgodan kelgan ko'plab ko'chmanchilar uchun g'alati tuyuldi va shaharning taxallusi Noddy Land[104][105] (Ba'zan Glasgua Noddown[106][107]) o'ylab topilgan. Dastlabki mahallalar CDC tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan va qurilgan Ravensvud, Muirxed, Dengizchi va Kildrum, shimoliy Shahar markazi va Karbrain janubga[108] Boshqa mahallalar keyinchalik ishlab chiqilgan qishloq, Greenfaulds, Kondratrat va Abronxill. Ushbu hududlardagi uy-joylarning aksariyati innovatsion dizayni uchun mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi.

Ilon ko'prigi (va uning soyasi) Styuart uyiga

Cumbernauld shahar markazi Bosh dizayneri Geoffrey Copcutt edi. 1-bosqich ochildi Malika Margaret 1967 yilda, ulardan ba'zilari saqlanib qolgan.

Dastlab Yangi shahar deb belgilanganida, maqsadli aholi soni 50,000 edi. 1961 yilda, yangi shaharga aylanganidan atigi besh yil o'tgach, A80 shimolida joylashgan joy shaharcha hududiga yangi rejalashtirilgan mahallalar bilan qo'shildi. Vestfild, Balloch, Vestervud va Kerrikstone. Natijada, 70 ming kishidan iborat qayta ko'rib chiqilgan maqsadli aholi o'rnatildi.[109] Biroq, 2011 yildagi Buyuk Britaniyadagi aholini ro'yxatga olish faqat 52000 nafar aholini namoyish etadi.

St Enoxning stantsiya soati

Mahalliy tadbirkor Raymond Gillies Kambernodga sovg'a qilganida Avliyo Xanox bekati soat, 1977 yilda, qirolicha uni nishonlayotgan edi Kumush yubiley. Ushbu voqeani nishonlash uchun qirolicha sarkaç harakatidan foydalanib soatni boshladi va yodgorlik lavhasini ochdi Cumbernauld shahar markazi, yuqori savdo maydonchasini eski bilan birlashtirgan zinapoyada Woolco do'kon Soat ichida ko'rsatilgan Gregori qizi va hozirda Antonin markazi.

Yaratgandan so'ng yangi shaharcha kabi turli sohalar yuqori texnologiya, elektronika va kimyoviy va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini qayta ishlash ichki daromad bilan birga (hozirda) katta ish beruvchilarga aylandi Ulug'vorning daromadi va bojxonasi ). Asosiy sanoat massivlari sharqqa va g'arbga qarab rivojlangan A80 da Wardpark va Vestfild. Hududlar Blerlin va Lenziemill shaharning janubida ham sanoat uchun ishlab chiqilgan.

Cumbernauld Development Corporation (C.D.C.) 1996 yilda tarqatib yuborilgan.[110]

Zamonaviy vaqt

Cumbernauld Savdo markaziga kirish
Beton haykaltaroshlik - Glenxov yo'li, Carbrain

Shahar uchun zamonaviy davr, C.D.C.ning tarqatib yuborilishi bilan belgilanishi mumkin. 1996 yilda.O'shandan buyon dunyoqarash keskin o'zgardi[111] va Yangi shahar bir qator juda yoqimsiz mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi, shu jumladan Shahar mulki 2001 yilda ham, 2005 yilda ham "Plintusdagi Plook".[112] 2005 yil dekabr oyida butun shahar markazi buzish uchun jamoat nominatsiyasida g'olib bo'ldi 4-kanal seriyali Buzish, u erda "Britaniyadagi eng yomon bino" deb tan olingan.[113] Natijada, bu xususiyatli BBC radiosi 2 komediya dasturi Bu yomon hafta bo'ldi 2003 yilda shou-fantastik "Haftaning eng yomon haftaligi mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi, haftalik mukofotlangan, haftalik asosida".

Cumbernauldning mo'ljallangan yadrosi qoladi Shahar markazi barchasi, asosan, bitta inshoot ichida joylashgan bo'lib, "fazalar" ga bo'linib, birinchisi 1967 yilda qurib bitkazilgan, so'nggisi 2003 yil may oyida qurilishi 2004 yil sentabrida boshlangan.[iqtibos kerak ] Dastlab yangi do'konlarning asosiy asoslari 1997 yilda boshlangan va nihoyat 2007 yil yozida qurib bitkazilgan. Savdo markazi, ko'ngil ochish va biznes makoni va hashamatli turar joy sifatida ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, u keng qabul qilindi Britaniya birinchi savdo markazi va dunyodagi birinchi ko'p bosqichli yopiq shahar markazi bo'lgan.[102] Biroq, shahar hech qachon rejalashtirilgan darajada rivojlanmagan va shahar markazi hech qachon ko'zda tutilgan hayotga ega bo'lmagan shaharsozlar. "Chet elning boshi" ichida joylashgan pentxauslar uchun boy ishg'olchilar (binoning yuqori qismi uchun mahalliy aholining akkor monikeri)[114][115]) hech qachon amalga oshmagan. Keyinchalik kengayish, avvalambor, ko'proq joy berish uchun qilingan do'konlar. Dastlabki Savdo markazining katta qismi tuzilmalar buzilganligi sababli buzib tashlandi va yangi xarid qilish va dam olish majmuasi sifatida qayta ishlandi.[116]

2010 yildan boshlab 1-bosqich
G'arbiy balandlik, Cumbernauld savdo markazi 2005 yil
Abronxillda yer osti yo'lagi
Westway chakana savdo parki, Wardpark yaqin Kastlekari

Shahar uchun amalga oshirilmagan ambitsiyalar bilan bir qatorda, vaqt o'tishi bilan markazlashtirilgan rejalashtirilgan chakana savdo va fuqarolik markazlarining urushdan keyingi kontseptsiyalarida jiddiy nuqsonlar yuzaga keldi, bu jamoatchilik tomonidan tegishli maslahatlashuvlar yoki mahalliy ekologik va iqtisodiy sharoitlarga nisbatan sezgirlik bo'lmagan holda ishlab chiqilgan. Bu mamlakat bo'ylab qarama-qarshilikda aks etdi shafqatsiz umuman arxitektura.[iqtibos kerak ] Cumbernauld's Town Center eng xunuklardan biri sifatida qaraladi[117] va eng kam seviladigan[118] Shotlandiyadagi urushdan keyingi dizayn namunalari.[iqtibos kerak ] Chalkash tartib - bu ham mehmonlar, ham aholining ko'nglini uzish uchun doimiy manba bo'lib, ularning ko'pchiligi Glazgo shahrining tez-tez dahshatli ijtimoiy va uy-joy sharoitlaridan qochishga intilgan malakali ishchilarning avlodlari. bezovtalik 1960 va 1970 yillarda.

Yomon matbuotiga qaramay, faqat estetik nuqtai nazardan Cumbernauld shahar dizaynidagi muhim momentni ifodalaydi va 1993 yilda u ro'yxatga kiritilgan oltmish asosiy yodgorlik ning urushdan keyingi xalqaro tabiatni muhofaza qilish tashkiloti tomonidan arxitektura DoCoMoMo.

Cumbernauldning turar joy tuzilishi diqqatga sazovor, chunki u erda yo'q edi piyodalar o'tish joylari, ya'ni zebra yoki pelikan o'tish joylari - piyodalar dastlab ko'prik yoki yer osti yo'lagi. Ushbu er osti o'tish yo'llari axlat yig'ishi mumkin, ba'zida jamoat hojatxonasi kabi hidlanib yoki mahalliy yoshlar yomg'irdan saqlanishga harakat qilishgan. Bular dastlabki rejalashtiruvchilar kutgan masalalar emas, balki piyodalar ba'zan ulardan qochishni afzal ko'rishlarini anglatadi, ayniqsa kechalari yoki o'zlarini zaif his qilsalar. Ushbu masalalarning ayrimlarini bartaraf etish uchun bir qator harakatlar qilingan, ammo muammo davom etmoqda.[119]

Sanoat

Barrning alkogolsiz ichimliklar ishlab chiqaradigan zavodi Westfield

Ba'zi taniqli kompaniyalar Cumbernaulddan asos sifatida foydalanadilar Makintosh,[120] va Qishloq xo'jalik mahsulotlari[121][122] kimlar ishlaydi Blerlin. So'nggi bir necha yil ichida Cumbernauld bilan ishbilarmonlik faolligi kuchaygan OKI Buyuk Britaniyaning bosh qarorgohi shahar bo'ylab harakatlanmoqda Vestfild ga yaqin Yaskawa Electronics.[123] Irn-bru ishlab chiqaruvchilar A.G.Barr shaharning Vestfild qismida ham o'z bosh qarorgohiga ega.[124] Yilda eski Isola-Werke zavodi Wardpark maydoni kinostudiyalarga va teleseriallarni ishlab chiqarish binolariga aylantirildi Chet ellik tez-tez shaharning yashil maydonlarida filmlar. Xususan, Shotlandiyadagi Wildlife Trust-ning Kambernauld Glen qo'riqxonasi fon sifatida ishlatilgan bo'lib, uning qadimgi eman o'rmonlari qoldig'i 18-asr tog'larining manzaralari uchun qulay sharoit yaratadi. 2016 yil may oyida Shimoliy Lanarkshir Kengashi, mablag 'topilsa, Wardpark saytini kengaytirishga kelishib oldi. Boshqa sanoat mulki Lenziemill Dow chiqindilarini boshqarish uyi[125] va boshqalar mebel ishlab chiqaruvchi Aquapac.[126]

Atrof muhit

Cumbernauld 50% dan ortiq yashil maydonlardan iborat,[127] va yashil maydonlarni jamiyat uchun manba sifatida qo'shish uchun ishlab chiqilgan.

Shotlandiya yovvoyi tabiat fondi shaharchada to'rtta yovvoyi tabiat qo'riqxonasiga egalik qiladi - Kambernauld Glen,[128] Luggiebank Vud,[129] O'rmon daraxti,[130] va Northside Wood.[131] Ushbu yashash joylariga qadimgi Eman o'rmoni (yoz boshida xizmat ko'rsatuvchi zangori qo'ng'iroq displeylari bilan) va Shotlandiya qarag'ayining keng maydonlari kiradi.

Glendagi Bog Stank bo'ylab ko'prik
Glendagi Bog Stank
Vault-Glendagi Qizil Kuyik ustidan viyaduk

Cumbernauld (o'xshash) Ben Lomond ) yotadi Shotlandiya suv havzasi, drenaj bo'linishi sharqqa oqib o'tadigan daryo tizimlarini g'arbga oqib tushadigan tizimlarni ajratib turadi. Cumbernaulddan chiqadigan ikkita asosiy suv yo'li mavjud: Qizil kuyish (shaharning Galcha nomi olingan) va Luggi suvi (tomonidan abadiylashtirildi Devid Grey ). Qizil kuyish[132] Glen orqali oqib o'tadi va Bog Stank yonida yo'laklar mavjud.

Fannyside Lochs
Fannyside'dan Palaceriggga yo'l

Shuningdek, Glencryan Burn bo'ylab Pallacerigg va Fannyside Lochs tomon bir necha kilometr yo'llar bilan piyoda yo'l bor.

Shaharning janubida joylashgan Fannyside Muir, Slamannan platosining bir qismidir, 183 gektar pasttekislik bog 'maydoni. Ushbu yashash joyini turli xil tashkilotlar, shu jumladan milliy hashlife xayriya hasharoti Buglife tiklaydi. Yassi SSSI (Maxsus ilmiy qiziqish joyi) va SPA (Maxsus muhofaza zonasi) sifatida belgilanadi, chunki qisman Taiga Bean Geese-ning milliy ahamiyatga ega aholisi (Anser fabialis fabialis).

Broadwood Loch
Palacerigg Country Park

Ko'p sonli bog'lar mavjud, shuningdek Shimoliy Lanarkshir Kengashiga qarashli va boshqariladigan LNR (Mahalliy qo'riqxonalar) va SINC (Tabiatni muhofaza qilish uchun muhim joylar) mavjud. Masalan, Sankt-Morisning suv havzasi[133] SINC sifatida va Ravensvud[134] LNRga ega. 1993 yilda Broadwood Loch, a muvozanatlashtiruvchi ko'l, Moss Water-ni to'sib qo'yish va suv o'tkazmaydigan plastik membranadan va suvni ushlab turish uchun 6 metrli devor yordamida yaratilgan.[135] Bu, birinchi navbatda, quyi oqimda toshqinning oldini olish uchun, shuningdek dam olish uchun kerak edi.

Shotlandiya yovvoyi tabiatni himoya qilish jamg'armasi - Cumbernauld Living Landscape (CLL) boshchiligidagi landshaft miqyosida tabiatni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha sheriklik shaharchada ko'kalamzorlashtirishni kengaytirish, bog'lash va tiklash hamda odamlarning ular haqidagi tasavvurlarini va ularga kirishni yaxshilash maqsadida ishlaydi.[136]

2014 yilda CLL kameralar tuzog'idan olingan kadrlarni oldi Qarag'ay martenslari Kambernauldagi o'rmonda yashab, ushbu turni qaytarish (ilgari Shotlandiyaning markaziy kamari bo'ylab yo'q bo'lib ketgan) shaharning tabiat haqidagi tasavvurlarini yaxshilash bo'yicha tashkilot strategiyasining markaziy taxtasi bo'ldi.

Mukofotlar

1967 yilda Amerika me'morlari instituti Reynoldning yodgorlik mukofotini topshirgan dunyoning eng yaxshi yangi shaharchasi Kambernulda ovoz berdi.[137] Cumbernauld ikki karra g'olib Carbuncle mukofotlari 2001 va 2005 yillarda.[138] O'shandan beri shahar "Scottish Design Awards 2012" da "Eng yaxshi shahar" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[138] Qirollik shaharsozlik instituti (RTPI) shaharchani 2014 yil mart oyida Yangi shahar sifatida muvaffaqiyati uchun sertifikat bilan taqdirladi. 2015 yilda shahar markazi Green Apple Atrof-muhit mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[139] Cumbernauld 2013 yil eng yaxshi "Kichik shahar" uchun "Shotlandiya go'zalligi" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[140] 2009 yildan buyon har yili kumush medallarga ega bo'ldi,[141] eng so'nggi 2017 yilda.[142] 2017 yilda Cumbernauld, shuningdek, "Garden for Life Biomüxtəliflik" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[143]

Sport va bo'sh vaqt

Broadwood stadioni, ichki makon
Broadwood stadioni, tashqi ko'rinishi

Kambernauld mezbonlik qiladi Klayd F., kim o'ynaydi futbol ichida Shotlandiya Ligasi va yashash Broadwood stadioni, ularning an'anaviy bazasidan ko'chib ketganlaridan beri ularning uyi bo'lgan Glazgo 1994 yil fevralida. Ularning boshqa futbol maydonlaridan vaqtincha foydalanishlari Klayd muxlislarini "lo'lilar armiyasi" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lishiga olib keldi.

2012 yilda Broadwood Stadium stadionining o't maydonchasi yangi ijaraga olingan FIFA standart 3G sathiga almashtirildi. Pastliklar ligasi klub Cumbernauld Colts, Shimoliy Lanarkshirning bo'sh vaqtlari va mahalliy kengash. Cumbernauldda "Junior" futbol jamoasi joylashgan "Kambernauld Yunayted" kim o'ynaydi Yigitning o'tloqi.Besh tomon Tryst yoki Broadwood-da o'ynashi mumkin, ular ettita va to'liq o'lchamdagi maydonlarga ega. Maydonlar Ravensvud va Oak Road-da ham mavjud. Broadwood-da a BMX trek[144] va velosipedda aylanish uchun mashg'ulotlar.

Gay's Meadow - "Kambernauld Yunayted"
Tryst sport markazi

Shaharniki regbi jamoa, Cumbernauld RFC, 1970 yilda tashkil topgan va 3 kattalar erkaklar jamoasi va bir nechta o'smirlar jamoalariga ega bo'lib o'sgan.[145] Klub va kengash 1970 yillarning oxirlarida Janubiy Kondratdagi Auchenkilns hududini rivojlantirishga kelishib oldilar. Ko'p sport inshooti 1979 yilda ochilgan va hozirda Kildrum United FC bilan birgalikda foydalanilmoqda. Ular klub regbining 5-pog'onasi bo'lgan G'arbiy mintaqaviy ligada 2 o'ynashadi.[146]

Cumbernauld Gimnastika Klubi 1990-yillarning boshlarida Broadwood Gimnastika Akademiyasidagi bazasiga ko'chib o'tdi, u Broadwood Stadioni bilan bir joyda qurilgan edi. Broodvudda ular shuningdek tennis va qisqa tennisga ega. Raqs darslari bir qator joylarda o'tkaziladi, shu jumladan Cumbernauld teatri, shuningdek, drama darslari va dasturlari mavjud.

Cumbernauld gandbol jamoasi, Tryst 77,[147] bu 2007 yilda inglizlarda ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi Gandbol Chempionatlar. Trystda Cumbernauld suzish jamoasi, Tryst Lions kurash klubi, skvosh va badminton kortlari hamda sport zallari joylashgan. Jang san'atlari "Link", "Tryst" va "Brudvud" da mashq qilinadi. Xom taekvondoning Westfield sanoat ko'chmas mulk markazida ham bor.[148]

Bowling klubi - Qishloq
Golf va kamondan otish bilan Palaserigg

"Tryst" sport markazida mashg'ulot uchun uchrashadigan va musobaqalar o'tkaziladigan Palacerigg dala bog'ida kamondan o'q otish kursiga ega bo'lgan Palacerigg dala kamonchilari. Palacerigg shuningdek, shaharning uchta golf maydonchasidan biriga ega; qolgan ikkitasi Dullatur golf klubi va tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Westerwood Seve Ballesteros va Deyv Tomas.

Snooker qizil uchburchakda o'ynaydi. Bouling Village, Abronhill, Ravenswood va Condorratda o'ynaydi. Kichkina diqqatga sazovor joy Qanotlar dunyosi yaqin Blerlin uylar to'plami yirtqich qushlar, uchuvchi displeylar va tabiatni muhofaza qilish tadbirlarini taklif qilish.[149]

Transport

Cumbernauld aeroportining asosiy binosi va uchish-qo'nish yo'lagining bir qismi.

Jamoat transporti nuqtai nazaridan Cumbernauld avtobus yo'nalishlariga ega[150] ga Glazgo shu jumladan aeroport,[151] Stirling, Falkirk, Dunfermline va Sent-Endryus tomonidan boshqariladigan Birinchi guruh va Mo'jiza. Shaharning turli qismlari mahalliy avtobus qatnovlari bilan bog'langan bo'lib, ularni Canavan Travel va Dunn's Coaches kabi kichik kompaniyalar boshqaradi. Shaharga va shaharga temir yo'l xizmatlari tomonidan taqdim etiladi Abellio ScotRail.

Shaharga temir yo'l aloqalari mavjud Glazgo, Falkirk, Motherwell va Edinburg orqali Cumbernauld temir yo'l stantsiyasi. Shuningdek, stantsiya mavjud Greenfaulds. Kroy temir yo'l stantsiyasi shaharning shimolida temir yo'l aloqalari mavjud Edinburg, Alloa, Dunbleyn va Glazgo. To'liq elektr xizmati Falkirk Gremston yordamida taklif qilingan Cumbernauld Line.[iqtibos kerak ] Boshqa ish qatorlariga quyidagilar kiradi Argil chizig'i va Shimoliy Klayd liniyasi.

Yaqin atrofdagi avtomagistral yo'nalishlariga quyidagilar kiradi M8, M73, M74, M80, M876 va M9. Yaqinda ushbu kampaniyaning kengaytirilgan vaqtiga norozilik bildirish uchun mahalliy kampaniya boshlandi M80 shahar chegaralarida. Yaqinda A80 M80 ga yangilandi.

Cumbernauld aeroporti (EGPG) asosan o'qitish uchun ishlatiladi sobit qanot va aylanma qanot uchuvchilar, shuningdek, samolyotlarga texnik xizmat ko'rsatadigan ob'ektga ega. Aeroportda CAA Yo'lovchilarning jamoat transportida yoki litsenziat Cormack Aircraft Services Limited tomonidan ruxsat berilgan parvozlarni amalga oshirishda parvozlarga ruxsat beruvchi oddiy litsenziya. Aeroport 1980 yillarning oxirida Cumbernauld Development Corporation tomonidan ochilgan. Aeroport qurilgunga qadar o'sha joyda o'tloq yo'lak mavjud edi.

Media va madaniyat

Mahalliy Cumbernauld gazetasi Cumbernauld News. Uyg'onish FM Shotlandiyadagi nasroniylarga asoslangan jamoat radiostansiyasi bo'lib, jamoat radiosi litsenziyasi asosida ishlaydi.

Cumbernauld FM - bu Cumbernauld shahri va uning atrofidagi tumanlarga 106.8 FM * va onlayn rejimida efirga uzatiladigan jamoat stantsiyasi.

Jamiyat teatri (Cottage Theatre) (1963 y.) Tomonidan tashkil topgan Cumbernauld teatri 1978 yilda fuqarolik teatri xayriya tashkiloti sifatida tashkil etilgan. O'tgan yillar davomida u Shotlandiya san'ati sahnasida o'zining taniqli ishlab chiqarishlari va jamoatchilikni jalb qilish tashabbuslari bilan yaxshi obro'ga ega bo'ldi. 2019 yilda kompaniya Edinburg Fringe festivalida Fringe First mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.

Boshqaruv

Cumbernauldda Shimoliy Lanarkshirdagi 69 ta maslahatchidan 11 ta kengash a'zosi bor.[152]

Jeymi Xepbern mintaqa uchun tanlangan MSP hisoblanadi Shotlandiya parlamenti okrugi. Shuningdek, u Shotlandiya milliy partiyasi.[153] Ning bir qismi sifatida Markaziy Shotlandiya mintaqada qo'shimcha 7 ta MSP mavjud. Ushbu to'rttasi Mehnat (Mark Griffin, Monika Lennon, Richard Leonard va Elaine Smit; va 3 ta Konservativ (Alison Xarris, Margaret Mitchell va Grem Simpson ).

Styuart Makdonald uchun hudud tomonidan saylangan deputat Buyuk Britaniya parlament okrugi. U a'zosi Shotlandiya milliy partiyasi.[154] U o'zining birinchi nutqida aytganidek, u ba'zan SNP deputati bo'lgan o'z ismdoshi bilan adashgan.[155][156]

Buyuk Britaniyaga qadar Evropa Ittifoqidan chiqish 2020 yil 31-yanvarda ham bor edi 6 ta deputat uchun Shotlandiya (Evropa parlamenti okrugi) to'rt xil partiyalardan.

Ta'lim

sobiq Cumbernauld Village boshlang'ich maktabi

Tarixiy

Shotlandiyaning yangi statistik hisobotlarida (1839 yil aprel) 3 ta maktab tasvirlangan: Cumbernauld Village 80-90 o'quvchi, Condorat [sic] 60-70 o'quvchi, Garbethill [East Fannyside] 20 o'quvchi. Unda "6 dan 15 yoshgacha bo'lgan bir necha kishi Muqaddas Kitobni o'qiy olmaydiganlar" yozilgan.[157] Groom's Gazetteer (1896) "uchta davlat maktablari - Kambernauld, Kondratrat va Arns [bugungi Abronhill yaqinida] - va Drumglass cherkov maktabida 350, 229, 50 va 195 bolalarga tegishli turar joylari bo'lgan (1880) o'rtacha tashrif buyurganlar 225,98,30 va 171. "[158] Temir yo'l kelishi bilan ba'zi tortishuvlardan so'ng yangi maktab qurildi.[159] 1886 yilda ochilgan, u Janubiy okrug maktabi deb nomlangan va temir yo'l stantsiyasiga yaqin bo'lgan.[160]

Tarixiy Yangi shahar boshlang'ich maktablari quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: Cumbernauld boshlang'ich (qishloq), Glenxed boshlang'ich, Hillcrest boshlang'ich (Carbrain vaqtinchalik maktabi), Langland boshlang'ich, Melrose boshlang'ich, Muirxed boshlang'ich, Muqaddas yurak boshlang'ich, Dengizchi boshlang'ich va Sent-Jozef. Tarixiy Yangi shahar o'rta maktablari quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi: Abronhill balandligi (2014 yil iyul oyidan boshlab yopilgan) va Cumbernauld High (Cumbernauld akademiyasi bo'ldi).

Din

This parish was disjoined from Kirkintilloch by the Commissioners for the Plantation of Kirks in 1649, and was then called Easter Leinyie or Lenzie. Its church was built in 1659, and the name of Cumbernauld was then given to the parish. In 1725 the barony of Castlecary was taken from the parish of Falkirk and added to Cumbernauld.[167] Historically Groome's Gazetteer stated "pre-Reformation chapels are thought to have existed at Achenbee, Achenkill, Chapelton, Kildrum, Kilmuir, and Croy." In 1737 some left the Church of Scotland to form a Sessiya cherkovi.[168] It split over the Burgher Oath.[169]

There are currently about 17 churches in the town.These include:

Shotlandiya cherkovi[170]

St Mungo's Church of Scotland – town centre
  • Abronhill Parish
  • Condorrat Parish
  • Cumbernauld Old – The historical Groome's Gazetteer has "The parish church here is an old building, containing 660 sittings."
  • Kildrum Parish
  • St Mungo's

Rim katolik

  • Our Lady and St. Helen's, Condorrat
  • Sacred Heart, Kildrum
    Sacred Heart Church in Kildrum, Cumbernauld.
    with architecture by Gillespie, Kidd & Coia.
  • St. Joseph's, South Carbrain
  • St. Lucy's, Abronhill

Boshqa cherkovlar

Craighalbert Church next to Cumbernauld Mosque

Islom

Demografiya

Mother and Child Statue
Historic population of Cumbernauld
YilAholisi
17552,303
17911,600
18011,795[179]
18112,176
18212,864
18313,080[180]
18414,501
18513,778
18613,513
18713,602[181]
1881
18914283[182]
19014,905[183]
19115,120[184]
19563,000[185]
19614,065

On film and TV

Film

Model Flying Club – also seen in Cumbernauld HIT and Gregory's Two Girls
  1. Cumbernauld (1957) colour 2 mins. Cutting turf silent – inaugural ceremony on 28 June 1957 with Viskont Muirshiel, Shotlandiya bo'yicha davlat kotibi.[186]
  2. Building New Houses at Cumbernauld. (1959) colour 6 mins possibly Braehead Rd. Kildrum or Fleming Rd. Seafar?[187]
  3. Glasgow (1963) colour 20 mins Douglas Gray Includes very brief footage of East Kilbride and Cumbernauld[188]
  4. Look at Life – Living with Cars (1964) colour 9 mins clip From 6m55 in the YouTube clip[189]
  5. British Movietone News (1965) B&W 2 min Aylanma yo'l International journalists visit Cumbernauld.[190]
  6. The Design of Space (1966) Dir: Don C. Chipperfield (minutes 1–3)[191] with incredible pronunciation of Cumbernauld.
  7. Pathe News (1967) B&W 1 min Princess Margaret in Cumbernauld to open Phase 1 [192]
  8. New Towns (1969) 22 mins colour. A study of the new towns of East Kilbride, Glenrothes, Cumbernauld and Livingston.[193]
  9. Cumbernauld, Town For Tomorrow (1970) 25 mins colour. Director Robin Crichton. Rivoyat qilgan Magnus Magnusson[194]
  10. Marshall-Orr (1975) 17 mins colour silent Has some footage of the Town Centre and railway station.[195]
  11. Cumbernauld HIT (1977) 44 mins colour. A James-Bond type fiction film about an evil woman's plans to 'hi-jack' the New Town of Cumbernauld with a bio-weapon dir: Murray Grigor, Sponsor: CDC.[196] Has some chase sequences round the old Town Centre.
  12. Gregori qizi Bill Forsyth's 1981 film set in Abronhill High and around the town. The name of the town in the film was Climackston New Town (sic) and it was signed as being 20 miles from Glasgow, 25 miles from Edinburgh and 9000 miles from Caracus.[197]
  13. Spaniards in Cumbernauld (2016) – A 13-minute documentary in English made for an HND project.[198]
  14. Night-time Window on Wildlife (2017) 4 mins – Cumbernauld Living Landscape's footage with volunteers' help.[199]
  15. Beats (2019) Brian Welsh's film set in 1994 about two Scottish friends who head out for a final night of partying before they go their separate ways.

Televizor

  1. STV Town Planning – The New Town of Cumbernauld (1966) Geoff Rimmer[200]
  2. STV – Gallimaufrey (c. 1970) 3 mins colour – A Cumbernauld Poem – A vision of a new town[201]
  3. STV – Cumbernauld (c. 1973) 3 mins colour, silent – A look at Cumbernauld whilst much of the area is still under construction[202]
  4. It's a Knockout (1981) BBC 45 mins Dunfermline vs Cumbernauld vs Glenrothes (can be found with video search).[203]
  5. STV's The Riverside Show had a 12-minute piece by Lizzie Clark on 28 August 2014 including interviews with Councillor Tom Johnston and Outlander producer David Brown.[204]
  6. STV had a short piece about the positives of the town: Reasons Cumbernauld is possibly the best place in Scotland.[205]
  7. Happy Birthday to the Town for Tomorrow! (May 2017) 3 mins – Short BBC compilation for 50th; includes Dudley Leaker.[206]
  8. A look back at the town of Cumbernauld (December 2017) 4 mins – Sixty years on from Cumbernauld's inauguration as a new town, BBC Rewind visits to see how it has changed and hear the memories of some of the first residents.[207]

Wardpark Studios

The Chet ellik TV series used Wardpark Studios as its base for sets. Several scenes from the TV series were shot in local woodland. In May 2016 approval was given to expand the site from 30,000 sq ft to 78,000 sq ft.[208] Marvel's Cheksiz urush is being filmed at locations in Scotland and the Wardpark Studios are being used for CGI.[209]

Shahar hududlari

Many of Cumbernauld's residential areas retain the names of previous farms in their vicinity.[210]

Cumbernauld Old Kirk – Qishloq
Stag – entrance to Blairlinn Sanoat mulki
Carrickstone suv minorasi

Qarindosh shaharlar

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

Maxsus ma'lumotnomalar:

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  3. ^ http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5270/1/2014DrummondPhD.pdf#233 Peter Drummond PhD 2004 pg 233
  4. ^ "Scots Culture – Names in Scots – Places in Scotland – Scots Language Centre". Scotslanguage.com. Olingan 30 oktyabr 2011.
  5. ^ "Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba – Gaelic Place-Names of Scotland – Database". Gaelicplacenames.org. Olingan 30 oktyabr 2011.
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  10. ^ Macdonald, George (1933). Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 1932–1933 Vol.67. Edinburgh: Neill and Co. Ltd. pp. 277–296. Olingan 23 noyabr 2017.
  11. ^ Camden, William (1722). Britannia, or, A chorographical description of Great Britain and Ireland, together with the adjacent islands (vol 2 ed.). London: Printed by Mary Matthews, for Awnsham Churchill, and sold by William Taylor ... pp. 1283–1292. Olingan 9 oktyabr 2017.
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  132. ^ https://archive.org/stream/castlecaryandgr00bairgoog#page/n28/mode/2up possibly derivation of Red Burn
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  142. ^ "2017 Medals". Beautiful Scotland. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2017 yil 22 oktyabrda. Olingan 21 oktyabr 2017.
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  144. ^ MacLean, Ian. "BMX action at Cumbernauld". Cumbernauld News. Olingan 5 oktyabr 2016.
  145. ^ "Players turn out in force for Cumbernauld event". Cumbernauld News. 2016 yil 19-avgust. Olingan 5 oktyabr 2016.
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