Apple Inc tarixi. - History of Apple Inc.

Kompaniya haqida ko'proq umumiy ma'lumot uchun qarang Apple Inc.

Joriy Apple Inc. logotip, 1998 yilda kiritilgan, 2000 yilda to'xtatilgan va 2014 yilda qayta tiklangan[iqtibos kerak ]

Apple Inc., ilgari Apple Computer, Inc., a transmilliy korporatsiya bu yaratadi maishiy elektronika, shaxsiy kompyuterlar, serverlar va kompyuter dasturlari va bu a raqamli distribyutor ommaviy axborot vositalarining tarkibi. Kompaniya shuningdek ma'lum bo'lgan chakana savdo do'konlari tarmog'iga ega Apple do'konlari. Apple kompaniyasining asosiy mahsulot qatorlari iPhone smartfon, iPad planshet kompyuter, iPod portativ media pleerlar va Macintosh kompyuter liniyasi. Ta'sischilar Stiv Jobs va Stiv Voznyak 1976 yil 1 aprelda Apple Computer-ni yaratdi,[1] va 1977 yil 3 yanvarda kompaniyani birlashtirdi,[2] yilda Kupertino, Kaliforniya.

O'ttiz yildan ortiq vaqt mobaynida Apple Computer asosan shaxsiy kompyuterlar ishlab chiqaruvchisi, shu jumladan Apple II, Macintosh va Power Mac chiziqlar, ammo 1990-yillarda toshqin sotuvlar va past bozor ulushi duch keldi. 1985 yilda kompaniyadan chetlatilgan Jobs 1997 yilda o'z kompaniyasidan keyin Apple kompaniyasiga qaytgan Keyingisi Apple tomonidan sotib olingan.[3] Keyingi yil u kompaniyaning vaqtincha bosh direktori bo'ldi,[4] keyinchalik doimiy bo'lib qoldi.[5] Keyinchalik Jobs taniqli mahsulotlar va oddiy dizaynning yangi korporativ falsafasini yaratdi original iMac 1998 yilda.

Muvaffaqiyatli joriy etish bilan iPod 2001 yilda musiqa pleyeri va iTunes musiqa do'koni 2003 yilda Apple o'zini maishiy elektronika va ommaviy axborot vositalarini sotish sohasida etakchi sifatida ko'rsatdi va 2007 yilda kompaniya nomidan "Kompyuter" ni olib tashlashga olib keldi. Hozirda kompaniya o'zining mashhurligi bilan ham tanilgan iOS bilan boshlangan aqlli telefon, media pleer va planshet kompyuter mahsulotlari iPhone, undan keyin iPod Touch undan keyin iPad. 2015 yil 30-iyun holatiga ko'ra, Apple edi bozor kapitallashuvi bo'yicha dunyodagi eng yirik ommaviy savdo korporatsiyasi,[6] 2018 yil 2 avgust holatiga ko'ra taxminiy qiymati 1 trillion AQSh dollarini tashkil etadi.[7] Apple kompaniyasining dunyo bo'yicha yillik daromadi 2010 yilda 65 milliard AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi va 2011 yilda 127,8 milliard AQSh dollarigacha o'sdi[8] va 2012 yilda 156 mlrd.[9]

1975–1985 yillarda: Jobs va Voznyak

Oldindan poydevor

Stiv Voznyak "ko'k quti " da Kompyuter tarixi muzeyi.

Stiv Jobs va Stiv Voznyak birinchi bo'lib 1971 yil o'rtalarida, ularning o'rtoq do'sti bo'lganida Bill Fernandes, o'sha paytda 21 yoshli Voznyakni 16 yoshli Jobs bilan tanishtirdi.[10][11] Ularning birinchi biznes sherikligi o'sha yili o'z-o'zini o'qitgan elektronika muhandisi Voznyak o'zining asl nusxasini yaratishni boshlaganda boshlandi.ko'k qutilar "Bu uzoq masofani bosib o'tishga imkon berdi bepul qo'ng'iroqlar.[12] Jobs ikki yuz ko'k qutini har birini 150 dollarga sotishga muvaffaq bo'ldi va daromadni Voznyak bilan bo'lishdi.[10][11] Keyinchalik Jobs o'zining biografiga Voznyakning ko'k qutilari bo'lmaganida, "Olma bo'lmas edi", deb aytdi.[13]

Djobs va Voznyak, shuningdek, "ikkala Stiv" deb nomlangan, ulardan chiqib ketishgan Rid kolleji va Berkli 1975 yilga kelib. Voznyak Call Computer-da minikompyuterlarga kirish uchun foydalanishi mumkin bo'lgan video terminal yaratdi. Aleks Kamradt dizaynni buyurtma qildi va ularning oz sonini o'z firmasi orqali sotdi. Zamonaviy texnologiyalarga bo'lgan qiziqishlaridan tashqari, ikkala Stivning turtki boshqa manbaga ega edi. Uning inshoida Satoridan Silikon vodiysigacha (nashr etilgan 1986), madaniyat tarixchisi Teodor Roszak Apple Computer G'arbiy Sohil ichidan paydo bo'lganligini ta'kidladi qarshi madaniyat bosma nashrlar, xat yorliqlari va ma'lumotlar bazalarini ishlab chiqarish zarurati. Roszak ikkita Stivning prototip modelini ishlab chiqishda biroz ma'lumot beradi.

1975 yilda ikkala Stiv yig'ilishlarga qatnay boshladi Homebrew kompyuter klubi.[14] Kabi yangi mikrokompyuterlar Altair 8800 va IMSAI Voznyakni o'zining video terminalida mikroprotsessor qurishga va to'liq kompyuterga ega bo'lishga ilhomlantirdi. O'sha paytda yagona mikrokompyuter CPU odatda mavjud bo'lgan $ 179 edi Intel 8080 (2019 yilda $ 850 ga teng) va $ 170 Motorola 6800 (2019 yildagi 808 dollarga teng). Voznyak 6800 ni afzal ko'rdi, ammo ikkalasi ham uning narxlari doirasidan tashqarida edi. Shunday qilib, u protsessor sotib olishga qodir bo'lgan kunni kutib, qog'ozga kompyuterlarni tomosha qildi va o'rgandi va loyihalashtirdi.

Qachon MOS texnologiyasi 20 dollar (2019 yilda 90 dollarga teng) chiqardi 6502 1976 yilda chip, Voznyak uning versiyasini yozgan ASOSIY buning uchun, keyin ishlashi uchun kompyuterni loyihalashtirishni boshladi. 6502 6800-ni ishlab chiqarganlar tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan, chunki Silikon vodiysidagi ko'pchilik ish beruvchilarni o'z kompaniyalarini shakllantirishga qoldirgan. Voznyakning avvalgi 6800 qog'ozli kompyuteriga yangi chipda ishlash uchun ozgina o'zgartirishlar kerak edi.

1976 yil 1 martga kelib, Voznyak dastgohni yakunlab, uni a Homebrew kompyuter klubi buni namoyish qilish uchun uchrashuv.[15] Jobs Voznyakning kompyuterini ko'rganida, keyinchalik "." Apple I, u darhol uning tijorat salohiyati bilan qiziqdi.[16] Dastlab Voznyak mashinaning sxemalarini bepul baham ko'rishni niyat qilgan, ammo Jobs buning o'rniga yalang'och qurilish va sotish kerakligini ta'kidlagan. bosilgan elektron platalar kompyuter uchun.[17] Voznyak dastlab dizaynni taklif qildi Hewlett-Packard (HP), u o'sha paytda u ishlagan, ammo kompaniya besh marta rad etgan.[18] Oxir-oqibat Jobs Voznyakni birgalikda biznes yuritishga va o'zlariga yangi kompaniya ochishga ishontirdi.[19] Bosma elektron platalarning birinchi partiyasini ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur bo'lgan pulni yig'ish uchun Jobs o'zining pulini sotdi Volkswagen Type 2 mikroavtobus bir necha yuz dollarga, Voznyak esa o'z pulini sotib yubordi HP-65 dasturlashtiriladigan kalkulyator 500 dollarga.[17][15][20][21]

Apple I va kompaniyaning shakllanishi

Stiv Jobs Crist Drive-da joylashgan "ota-onalarning uyi" Los-Altos, Kaliforniya, bu erda Apple Computer tashkil etilgan. Dastlabki ish uning yotoqxonasida bo'lib o'tdi va keyinchalik uyning garajiga ko'chib o'tdi.[14]
Voznyakniki Apple I dizayni yig'ilgan elektron karta sifatida sotilgan va klaviatura, monitor va kassa kabi asosiy xususiyatlarga ega emas edi.
Birinchi Apple logotipi, tomonidan chizilgan Ronald Ueyn, tasvirlangan Isaak Nyuton olma daraxti ostida.
Tomonidan yaratilgan Rob Janoff 1977 yilda, o'sha yilning aprelidan boshlab kamalak sxemasi bilan Apple logotipi ishlatilgan[22] 1999 yil 26 avgustgacha.[iqtibos kerak ]

1976 yil 1 aprelda Apple Computer Company kompaniyasi Stiv Djobs, Stiv Voznyak va Ronald Ueyn.[23][19] Kompaniya Kaliforniya sifatida ro'yxatdan o'tgan biznes sheriklik.[24]Ueyn ishlagan Atari bosh chizma ustasi sifatida 10 foiz ulush evaziga kompaniyaning hammuassisi bo'lishga rozi bo'ldi.[25][19][1] Biroq, Ueyn to'rt yil oldin o'z ishining muvaffaqiyatsizligi sababli biroz tortinchoq edi. 12 aprelda, kompaniya tashkil topganidan ikki hafta o'tmay, Ueyn Apple-dan ketib, o'zining 10 foiz ulushini ikki Stivga atigi 800 dollarga sotib yubordi va ularni faol boshlang'ich hammuassislari sifatida qoldirdi.[26][27]

Voznyakning so'zlariga ko'ra, Jobs "Apple Computer" nomini yangi kelganida taklif qilgan Robert Fridland Oregon shtatidagi All-One fermasi.[27] Jobs aytdi Uolter Isaakson u "mening mevali parhezlarimdan birida" bo'lganini, bu ismni o'ylab, "bu kulgili, jo'shqin va qo'rqinchli emas tuyuldi ... bundan tashqari, bu bizni telefon daftarida Ataridan ustun qo'yadi" deb o'ylaganda.[28]

Kompaniya tashkil etilgandan ko'p o'tmay, ikkala Stiv Homebrew Computer Club-ga so'nggi bor sayohat qilishdi va tayyor versiyasini namoyish qilishdi. Apple I.[29] Pol Terrell nomli kompyuter do'konlari tarmog'ini boshqargan Bayt do'koni, ishtirok etdi va mashinadan taassurot qoldirdi.[25] U ikkita Stivga kartasini uzatdi va ularga "aloqada bo'lishni" buyurdi.[30] Ertasi kuni Jobs Terrell shahridagi Bayt do'konidagi do'konga tushib ketdi Mountain View va unga Apple I uchun yalang'och elektron platalarini sotmoqchi bo'ldi.[27] Terrell Jobsga ushbu mashinani sotib olishdan manfaatdorligini aytdi, lekin u to'liq yig'ilgan taqdirda, u 50 ta kompyuterga buyurtma berishini va etkazib berishda har biri 500 AQSh dollarini to'lashini aytdi (2019 yilda 2200 AQSh dollariga teng).[31][32][25] Keyin Jobs baytlar do'konidan elektron qismlarning milliy distribyutori bo'lgan Cramer Electronics kompaniyasiga sotib olish buyurtmasini oldi va Apple I-ni yig'ish uchun kerakli qismlarga buyurtma berdi. Mahalliy kredit menejeri Jobsdan qanday qilib pul to'lashini so'radi. ehtiyot qismlar va u shunday javob berdi: "Menda 50 ta kompyuterim uchun Byte Shop do'konlari tarmog'idan ushbu buyurtma bor va to'lov shartlari COD. Agar menga ehtiyot qismlarni 30 kunlik shartlarda bersangiz, men o'sha vaqt ichida kompyuterlarni qurishim va etkazib berishim mumkin, mening pulimni Bayt do'konidagi Terrelldan yig'ib, sizga to'layman. "[33][34]

Kredit menejeri Tinch okeanidagi Grove shahridagi Asilomarda IEEE kompyuter konferentsiyasida qatnashgan va sotib olish buyurtmasining haqiqiyligini tekshirgan Pol Terrelga qo'ng'iroq qildi. Jobsning qat'iyatliligidan hayratga tushgan Terrel kredit menejeriga agar uning do'konlarida kompyuterlar paydo bo'lsa, Jobsga pul to'lashini va ehtiyot qismlar buyurtmasini to'lash uchun etarli pulga ega bo'lishini ishontirdi. Ikki Stiv va ularning kichik ekipaji kechayu kunduz kompyuterlarni qurish va sinovdan o'tkazdilar va etkazib beruvchilarga pul to'lash uchun o'z vaqtida Terrelga etkazib berishdi. Terrell Jobs unga yig'ilgan platalar partiyasini topshirganida hayron bo'ldi, chunki u korpus, monitor va klaviatura bilan to'la kompyuterlarni kutgan edi.[35][36] Shunga qaramay, Terrell so'zida turib, ikkita Stivga ularga va'da qilgan pulini to'ladi.[37][35][36][38]

Apple I 1976 yil iyul oyida chakana narxi 666,66 dollar bo'lgan yig'ilgan elektron platalar sifatida sotuvga chiqdi.[39][40][41] Keyinchalik Voznyak raqam bilan raqam o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik haqida tasavvurga ega emasligini aytdi hayvonning belgisi, va u narxni "takrorlanadigan raqamlar" ni yoqtirgani uchun o'ylab topganligi.[37] Oxir-oqibat, Apple I-ning taxminan 200 donasi sotildi.[42]

Apple I kompyuterida bir nechta e'tiborga loyiq xususiyatlar mavjud edi. Ulardan biri edi Televizor displey tizimi sifatida, aksariyat mashinalarda displey umuman yo'q edi. Biroq, bu keyingi mashinalarning displeylariga o'xshamadi; matn soniyada 60 belgidan iborat bo'lgan. Biroq, bu o'sha davrning zamonaviy mashinalarida ishlatilgan teleprinterlarga qaraganda tezroq edi. Men ham qo'shgan Apple bootstrap kod yoniq ROM, bu ishga tushirishni osonlashtirdi. Va nihoyat, Pol Terrellning talabiga binoan, Voznyak dasturlarni yuklash va saqlash uchun kassetali interfeysni ham yaratdi, o'sha paytdagi tezligi 1200 bit / s. Garchi mashina juda sodda bo'lsa-da, baribir, u o'z dizaynidagi har qanday narsadan ancha kam qismlardan foydalangan holda va Voznyakga usta dizayner sifatida tez orada obro'-e'tibor qozongan holda dizaynning eng yaxshi asari edi.

Apple I muvaffaqiyatidan ruhlangan Jobs biznesni yanada kengaytirish uchun sarmoyalar izlay boshladi,[36] ammo banklar unga pul berishni xohlamadilar; oddiy odamlar uchun kompyuter g'oyasi o'sha paytda bema'ni tuyulgan. 1976 yil avgust oyida Jobs Atari shahridagi sobiq xo'jayiniga murojaat qildi, Nolan Bushnell, kim bilan uchrashishni tavsiya qildi Don Valentin, asoschisi Sequoia Capital.[36] Valentin Apple-ni moliyalashtirishga qiziqmagan, ammo o'z navbatida Jobs bilan tanishtirgan Mayk Markkula, uning qo'l ostida ishlagan millioner Fairchild Semiconductor.[36] Markkula, Valentindan farqli o'laroq, ikkita Svitda katta imkoniyatlarni ko'rdi va an bo'lishga qaror qildi farishta investor ularning kompaniyalari.[43] U Apple-ga o'z mulkidan $ 92,000 sarmoya kiritdi va Bank of America-dan $ 250,000 (2019 yilda $ 1,120,000-ga teng) kredit liniyasini taqdim etdi.[43][36] Sarmoyasi evaziga Markkula Apple kompaniyasining uchdan bir qismiga ega bo'ldi.[43] Markkula yordamida Apple Computer, Inc. 1977 yil 3 yanvarda tashkil etilgan.[36] Yangi korporatsiya to'qqiz oy oldin tuzilgan ikkita Stivni eski sheriklikni sotib oldi.[44]

1977 yil fevral oyida Markkula yollandi Maykl Skott dan Milliy yarim o'tkazgich Apple Computer kompaniyasining birinchi prezidenti va bosh ijrochi direktori sifatida ishlash, chunki Jobs va Voznyak yetarlicha tajribaga ega emas edilar va u bu pozitsiyani o'zi egallashga qiziqmas edi.[45][46]Xuddi shu oyda Voznyak ishdan ketdi Hewlett-Packard Apple uchun to'la vaqtli ishlash uchun.[44][47]

Apple II

Asosiy maqola: Apple II seriyali
Apple II Plus, asosan Voznyak tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan
Disk II, shuningdek, Voznyak tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan

Apple o'zining birinchi kompyuterlarini sotishni boshlagandan so'ng, Voznyak Apple I-dan ko'chib o'tdi va juda yaxshilangan kompyuterni loyihalashni boshladi: Apple II.[43] Voznyak 1976 yil avgustga qadar yangi mashinaning ishchi prototipini tayyorladi.[36][48] Ikkala Stiv dastlab Apple II kompyuterini ommaga taqdim etdi G'arbiy sohilda kompyuter yarmarkasi 1977 yil 16 va 17 aprellarda. Ko'rgazmaning birinchi kunida Jobs Apple II kompaniyasini Yaponiyada birinchi vakolatli dileriga aylangan Toshio Mizusima ismli yapon kimyogariga taqdim etdi. 1977 yil may oyidagi sonida Bayt, Voznyak Apple II dizayni haqida shunday dedi: "Men uchun shaxsiy kompyuter kichik, ishonchli, foydalanishga qulay va arzon bo'lishi kerak".[49]

Apple II 1977 yil 10 iyunda sotuvga chiqdi, uning chakana narxi 1298 dollarni tashkil qildi.[50] Kompyuterning avvalgisidan asosiy ichki farqi displeyni xotirada ushlab turuvchi butunlay qayta ishlangan televizor interfeysi edi. Endi Apple II nafaqat oddiy matnli displey uchun foydali, balki grafikalar va oxir-oqibat ranglarni ham o'z ichiga oldi. Apple II-ni ishlab chiqishda Jobs mashinaning to'liq qadoqlangan va qutisidan chiqib ketishga tayyor bo'lishi kerak degan fikr bilan yaxshi ishlab chiqilgan plastik kassa va o'rnatilgan klaviaturani bosdi.[51] Bu deyarli Apple I kompyuterlariga tegishli edi, ammo BASIC-ni ishga tushirish uchun har xil qismlarni bir-biriga ulab, kod yozish kerak edi. Jobs Apple II ishi "sodda va nafis" bo'lishini istadi va ismli sanoat dizaynerini yolladi Jerri Manok bunday kassa dizaynini ishlab chiqarish.[51] Apple xodimi №5 Rod Xolt ishlab chiqilgan kommutatsiya quvvat manbai.[52]

Dastlabki Apple II modellari oddiy kassetali lentalarni saqlash moslamalari sifatida ishlatgan bo'lsa, ular 1978 yilda5 1⁄4-inch floppi haydovchi va interfeysi Disk II.[53][54] Disk II tizimi Voznyak tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va chakana narxi 495 dollar bilan chiqarilgan.[53]

1979 yilda Apple II birinchi bo'lib ish stoli platformasi sifatida tanlandi "qotilni qo'llash "biznes dunyosi: VisiCalc, a elektron jadval.[53] Apple II nima bo'lganligi shunchalik muhim edi Jon Markoff "VisiCalc aksessuari" deb ta'riflangan,[55] dastur kompyuter uchun biznes bozorini yaratdi va uy foydalanuvchilariga uni sotib olish uchun qo'shimcha sabab berdi: ofis bilan muvofiqligi.[53] VisiCalc-dan oldin, Apple uzoq uchinchi o'rin uchun raqib bo'lgan Commodore va Tendi.[56][57]

Apple II bu uchtadan biri edi "1977 Uchlik "yaratish uchun odatda kompyuterlar ishoniladi uy kompyuteri bozor (qolgan ikkitasi Commodore PET va Tandy korporatsiyasi TRS-80 ).[58] Keyinchalik Apple II-ning bir qator turli xil modellari, shu jumladan Apple IIe va Apple IIGS,[59] qariyb yigirma yil davomida ommaviy foydalanishda davom etdi. The Apple II seriyali 1993 yilda ishlab chiqarilishi to'xtatilgunga qadar jami qariyb olti million donani sotishga kirishdi.[60][61]

Apple III

Asosiy maqola: Apple III
Apple III bilan Apple Monitor III.

Visicalc tufayli Apple II muvaffaqiyatli biznesga tayyor platforma sifatida tashkil etilgan bo'lsa-da, Apple menejmenti qoniqmadi. Apple III raqobatlashishga urinib, ishbilarmonlik muhitini olishga mo'ljallangan edi IBM biznes va korporativ hisoblash bozorida.[62] Apple III-ning rivojlanishi 1978 yil oxirida Vendell Sander rahbarligida boshlangan bo'lsa,[63] mashina keyinchalik Stiv Djobs boshchiligidagi qo'mita tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan.[64] Apple III birinchi bo'lib 1980 yil 19 mayda e'lon qilindi, uning chakana narxi 4340 dollardan 7800 dollargacha bo'lgan va 1980 yil noyabrda chiqarilgan.[64]

Apple III davr kompyuterlari uchun nisbatan konservativ dizayn edi. Biroq, Jobs kompyuterda ventilyator bo'lishini istamadi; aksincha, u elektronika tomonidan ishlab chiqariladigan issiqlikning bu orqali tarqalishini istagan shassi sovutish foniyidan voz kechib, mashinaning.

Biroq, ishning jismoniy dizayni uning ichidagi qismlarni sovutish uchun etarli emas edi. Fanni dizayndan chiqarib, Apple III haddan tashqari qizib ketishga moyil edi. Bu sabab bo'ldi integral mikrosxema anakartdan ajratish uchun chiplar. Apple mijozlarga xizmat ko'rsatish xizmatiga murojaat qilgan mijozlarga "kompyuterlarni olti dyuymni havoda ko'taring, so'ngra qo'yib yuboring", deyilgan, bu esa IClarning o'z joylariga tushishiga olib keladi.

Minglab Apple III kompyuterlari chaqirib olindi. Muammolarni bartaraf etishga urinish uchun 1983 yilda yangi model taqdim etildi, ammo zarar allaqachon amalga oshirildi.

Apple IPO

1980 yil iyul sonida Kilobaud Mikrokompyuter, noshir Ueyn Grin "Men ko'rgan eng yaxshi iste'molchilar reklamalari Apple tomonidan e'lon qilingan. Ular diqqatni jalb qiladi va ular sotuvga turtki bo'lishi kerak".[65] Avgust oyida Financial Times bu haqida xabar berdi

Kaliforniyada iste'molchilar, biznes va ta'lim bozorlari uchun tez sur'atlar bilan rivojlanayotgan kichik kompyuterlarni ishlab chiqaruvchi Apple Computer kompaniyasi shu yil oxirlarida ommaviy savdoga chiqishni rejalashtirmoqda. [Bu] AQShdagi kichik kompyuterlarning eng yirik xususiy ishlab chiqaruvchisi. Taxminan besh yil oldin kichik ustaxona korxonasi sifatida tashkil etilgan bo'lib, u kichik kompyuterlar ishlab chiqaruvchisidan keyin ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi Radio Shack ning bo'linishi Tendi kompaniya.[66]

1980 yil 12-dekabrda Apple ("AAPL" belgisining belgisi) 4,6 million dona aktsiyalarni har bir aksiya uchun 22 dollardan (aktsiyalar uchun .10 dollarni tashkil etganida) sotib oldi. aktsiyalarni ajratish 2020 yil 30-noyabr holatiga ko'ra),[67] 100 million dollardan ortiq mablag 'ishlab chiqargan, bu o'shandan beri har qanday IPOga qaraganda ko'proq kapital edi Ford Motor Company 1956 yilda.[68] Bir necha venchur kapitalistlar pul mablag'larini naqd qilib, milliardlab kapital yutuqlarini qo'lga kiritdilar. Kunning oxiriga kelib, aktsiya har bir aksiya uchun 29 dollarga ko'tarildi va 300 millioner yaratildi.[69] Apple-ning bozor qiymati birinchi savdo kunining oxirida 1,778 milliard dollarni tashkil etdi.[68][69]

1981 yil yanvar oyida Apple kompaniyasi o'zining aksiyadorlar yig'ilishini bo'lib o'tdi Flint markazi, yaqin atrofdagi katta auditoriya De Anza kolleji (bu ko'pincha simfonik kontsertlar uchun ishlatiladi) IPO-dan keyin aksariyat aksiyadorlarni boshqarish uchun. Ovoz berish 15 daqiqada yoki undan kamroq vaqt ichida o'tkazilishi uchun yig'ilish ishi rejalashtirilgan edi. Ko'pgina hollarda, ovoz berish bo'yicha ishonchli shaxslar pochta orqali yig'iladi va uchrashuvdan bir necha kun yoki oy oldin hisoblanadi. Bunday holda, IPO-dan keyin ko'plab aktsiyalar yangi qo'llarda edi.

Stiv Jobs o'zining tayyor nutqini boshladi, lekin bir necha bor ovoz berish bilan to'xtatilgandan so'ng, u tayyor nutqini tashlab, xiyonat, hurmatsizlik va shu bilan bog'liq mavzular haqida uzoq, hissiyotli nutq so'zladi.[70]

IBM PC-ning raqobati

1981 yil avgustga qadar Apple uchta yirik mikrokompyuter kompaniyalari qatoriga kirdi, ehtimol u Radio Shack-ni etakchiga almashtirgan;[71] yilning birinchi yarmida daromad 1980 yildagi 118 million dollardan oshib ketdi va InfoWorld ishlab chiqarish quvvatining etishmasligi o'sishni cheklab qo'yganligi haqida xabar berdi.[72] VisiCalc korxonalari tufayli Apple II ning 90% sotib olingan;[73][74] ayniqsa, yirik xaridorlar Apple kompaniyasini afzal ko'rishdi.[75]

IBM bilan shaxsiy kompyuter bozoriga o'sha oy kirib keldi IBM PC[76][77] qisman mijozlar stolida IBM logotipi bo'lmagan mahsulotlarni xohlamasligi sababli,[78] ammo Apple ko'plab afzalliklarga ega edi. IBM bitta mikrokompyuter, oz miqdordagi apparat yoki dasturiy ta'minot va bir necha yuz dilerlik bilan ish boshlagan bo'lsa, Apple AQShda besh baravar ko'p dilerlarga va tashkil etilgan xalqaro tarqatish tarmog'iga ega edi. Apple II-da an o'rnatilgan taglik 250 mingdan ortiq mijozlardan va yuzlab mustaqil ishlab chiquvchilar dasturiy ta'minot va tashqi qurilmalarni taklif qilishdi; kamida o'nta ma'lumotlar bazasi va o'nta so'z protsessorlari mavjud edi, shu bilan birga kompyuterda ma'lumotlar bazalari va bitta so'z protsessori yo'q edi.[79]

Kompaniya mijozlari sadoqat va sodiqlik bilan obro'-e'tibor qozondilar. BAYT 1984 yilda buni ta'kidlagan[80]

Dunyoda ikki xil odamlar bor: Apple shunchaki kompaniya emas, bu sababchi deganlar; va Apple sababchi emas deganlar, bu shunchaki kompaniya. Ikkala guruh ham haq. Tabiat Apple bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qarama-qarshilik printsipini to'xtatib qo'ydi, Apple shunchaki kompaniya emas, chunki uning asoschisi afsonaviy fazilatlarga ega ... Apple garajda ikki kishi bo'lib, hisoblash kuchini olib kelish vazifasini o'z zimmasiga oldi. katta korporatsiyalar, oddiy byudjetga ega oddiy odamlarga. Kompaniyaning ikki yigitdan milliard dollarlik korporatsiyaga o'sishi bunga misoldir Amerika orzusi. Hatto yirik korporatsiya sifatida ham Apple o'ynaydi Devid IBMning Goliathiga va shu tariqa bu afsonada simpatik rol o'ynaydi.

Jurnal sodiqlik Apple uchun umuman ijobiy emasligini ta'kidladi; xaridorlar kompaniyani raqobatchilarga qaraganda yuqori standart bilan taqqoslaganda ham o'z mahsulotidagi haqiqiy kamchiliklarni e'tiborsiz qoldirishga tayyor edilar.[80] Apple III dilerlar orasida avtokratik obro'siga misol bo'ldi[75] bu "Apple takabburligi" deb ta'riflangan.[81] Kompyuterni tekshirgandan so'ng va uni ta'sirchan emas deb topgandan so'ng, Apple ishonchli tarzda to'liq sahifali reklama sotib oldi The Wall Street Journal sarlavhasi bilan "Xush kelibsiz, IBM. Jiddiy".[82][77] Kompaniya III-ni uch yilga birinchi o'ringa qo'ydi, Voznyak marketing va ilmiy-tadqiqot ishlariga 100 million dollar sarflagan holda, Apple II-ni kompyuter bilan raqobatlashishini yaxshilamadi, chunki bu III sotuvlarga zarar etkazishi mumkin edi.[74]

Microsoft rahbari Bill Geyts IBM e'lon qilingan kuni Apple shtab-kvartirasida bo'lgan va keyinroq "Ular bunga ahamiyat berishmagan shekilli. Nima bo'lganini anglashlari uchun ularga bir yil kerak bo'ldi" deb aytdi.[77] Kompyuter kompaniyaning eng taqqoslanadigan mahsuloti III sotuvlarini deyarli to'liq tugatdi. II hali ham yaxshi sotilgan,[78] 1983 yilga kelib shaxsiy kompyuter uni eng ko'p sotilgan shaxsiy kompyuter sifatida ortda qoldirdi.[83] IBM chegirmadan qochib, eng yaxshi Apple dilerlarini jalb qildi kulrang bozor ularga yoqmadi.[78] Chakana savdo tarmog'i rahbari "Aftidan IBM nima uchun Apple II muvaffaqiyatli bo'lishini Apple-ga qaraganda yaxshiroq tushunganga o'xshaydi" dedi.[75] Gen Amdahl IBM mag'lubiyatga uchragan ko'plab "jirkanch yosh kompaniyalar" dan yana biri Apple bo'lishini bashorat qildi.[84]

1984 yilga kelib matbuot ushbu ikki kompaniyani arxiv deb atadi,[85] Ammo IBM Kompyuterning yillik daromadi 4 milliard dollarni tashkil etdi, bu Apple kompaniyasidan ikki baravar ko'p va bu sotuvlar va undan keyingi uchta kompaniyaning savdosidan ko'p.[86] A Baxt So'rov shuni ko'rsatdiki, shaxsiy kompyuterlari bo'lgan Amerika kompaniyalarining 56% IBM kompyuterlaridan foydalangan, Apple uchun esa 16%.[87] Kichik korxonalar, maktablar va ba'zi uylar II ning asosiy bozoriga aylandi.[73]

Xerox PARC va Lisa

Asosiy maqola: Apple Lisa
Apple Lisa

Apple Computer-ning biznes bo'limi matnga asoslangan kompyuterning yana bir iteratsiyasi bo'lgan Apple III-ga qaratilgan edi. Bir vaqtning o'zida Lisa guruhi butunlay boshqa interfeysga ega va so'zlarni tanishtiradigan yangi mashinada ishladi sichqoncha, belgisi va ish stoli ichiga leksika hisoblash jamoatchiligi. Oldindan 1.000.000 AQSh dollarini sotib olish huquqi evazigaIPO Xerox kompaniyasi Apple Computer-ga PARC imkoniyatlaridan uch kun foydalanish huquqini berdi. PARC-ga tashrif buyurganlaridan so'ng, ular Apple Computer-ning birinchi poydevorini yaratadigan yangi g'oyalar bilan chiqishdi GUI kompyuter, Apple Lisa.[88][89][90][91]

Apple-ning birinchi takrorlanishi WIMP interfeys - bu fayllarni fazoviy ravishda ko'chirish mumkin bo'lgan floppi. Bir necha oylik qulaylik sinovlaridan so'ng Apple Windows va piktogrammalarning Lisa interfeysini yaratdi.

Liza 1983 yilda 9,995 AQSh dollari (2019 yilda 25,700 dollarga teng) narxida taqdim etilgan. Liza yuqori narx tufayli biznes bozoriga kira olmadi.

Macintosh va "1984" reklama roligi

Asosiy maqolalar: Macintosh va 1984 yil (televizion reklama)
Macintosh 128K

1984 yilga kelib kompyuter sotuvchilari Apple kompaniyasini IBM ta'sirining yagona aniq alternativasi deb bildilar;[92] ba'zilari kompyuterga qaramlikni kamaytirish uchun o'z mahsulotlarini ilgari surishdi.[78] Kompaniya e'lon qildi Macintosh 128k 1983 yil oktyabr oyida matbuotga, so'ngra dekabr oyida jurnallarga kiritilgan 18 sahifali risola.[93] Ammo uning debyuti bir million AQSh dollarlik televizion reklamaning bitta milliy translyatsiyasi orqali e'lon qilindi ".1984 "(2019 yildagi 3 700 000 dollarga teng). Rejissyor tomonidan Ridli Skott, uchinchi choragida efirga uzatilgan Super Bowl XVIII 1984 yil 22 yanvarda,[94] va endi "suv havzasi hodisasi" deb hisoblanadi[95] va "asar".[96] 1984 Macintosh kelishini namoyish etish uchun noma'lum qahramondan foydalangan (uning oqi ko'rsatilgan) tank tepasi bilan Pikasso - uslubidagi rasm olma "s Macintosh kompyuterda) insoniyatni "muvofiqlik" dan qutqarish vositasi sifatida (Katta aka ).[97] Ushbu tasvirlar kinoya ga Jorj Oruell qayd etilgan roman, O'n to'qqiz sakson to'rt, tasvirlangan a distopiya kelajagi televizor tomonidan boshqariladi "Katta aka. "Reklama quyidagi so'zlar bilan yakunlandi:" 24-yanvar kuni Apple Computer Macintosh-ni taqdim etadi. Va nima uchun 1984 yil bunday bo'lmasligini ko'rasiz 1984.”[98]

1984 yil 24-yanvarda Macintosh chakana narxi 2 495 dollar bilan sotila boshladi.[99][100] Uning interfeysini namoyish qilish uchun mo'ljallangan ikkita dastur mavjud: MacWrite va MacPaint. Xuddi shu kuni Apple kompaniyasining Flint auditoriyasida bo'lib o'tgan aktsiyadorlarining yillik yig'ilishida hayajonli Jobs kompyuterni juda g'ayratli auditoriyaga tanishtirdi;[101][102] Macintosh muhandisi Endi Xertzfeld sahnani "pandemonium" deb ta'riflagan.[103] Jobs rivojlanishiga yo'naltirilgan edi Macintosh 1981 yildan boshlab, u Apple kompaniyasining dastlabki xodimidan loyihani qabul qilib olganidan beri Jef Raskin, kompyuterni kim homilador qildi[104][105] (Raskin bilan dasturning dastlabki dizayni va ishlab chiqilishida hal qiluvchi ta'sir ko'rsatgan Voznyak, shu yil boshida samolyot qulashi sababli ta'tilda bo'lgan).[106][107] Macintosh asoslangan edi Liza (va Xerox PARC sichqoncha - haydovchi grafik foydalanuvchi interfeysi ),[108][109] va ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan uni dastlabki dastlabki sotuvlar qo'llab-quvvatlagan holda keng e'tirof etildi.[110][111] Biroq, kompyuterning sekin ishlash tezligi va mavjud dasturiy ta'minotning cheklanganligi 1984 yilning ikkinchi yarmida sotuvlarning tez pasayishiga olib keldi.[110][111][112]

Macintosh ba'zi odamlar uchun juda radikal edi, ular buni shunchaki "o'yinchoq" deb belgilashgan. Mashina butunlay GUI atrofida yaratilganligi sababli, mavjud matn rejimi va buyruqqa asoslangan dasturlar qayta ishlab chiqilishi va dasturlash kodini qayta yozishi kerak edi; bu juda qiyin ish edi dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiquvchilari dan qochib, yangi tizim uchun dastlabki dasturiy ta'minot etishmasligiga olib keldi. 1984 yil aprelda Microsoft "s MultiPlan dan ko'chib ketgan MS-DOS, dan so'ng Microsoft Word 1985 yil yanvar oyida.[113] 1985 yilda, Lotus dasturi tanishtirdi Lotus Jazz muvaffaqiyatidan keyin Lotus 1-2-3 IBM PC uchun, garchi bu asosan flop edi.[114] Apple taqdim etdi Macintosh Office o'sha yili lemmings reklama, potentsial mijozlarni haqorat qilish uchun shafqatsiz. Bu muvaffaqiyatli emas edi.[115]

Saylovdan keyingi maxsus nashr uchun Newsweek 1984 yil noyabr oyida Apple ushbu nashrdagi barcha 39 reklama sahifalarini sotib olish uchun 2,5 million AQSh dollaridan ko'proq mablag 'sarfladi.[116] Apple shuningdek, "Macintosh-ni sinab ko'ring" aktsiyasini o'tkazdi, unda kredit karta bilan potentsial xaridorlar 24 soat davomida Macintosh-ni uyiga olib borib, keyinchalik sotuvchiga qaytarishlari mumkin edi. 200 ming kishi ishtirok etgan bo'lsa-da, dilerlar aktsiyani yoqtirmadilar, kompyuterlar ta'minoti talabga etarlicha emas edi va ko'pchilik yomon holatda qaytarib berildi, endi ularni sotish mumkin emas edi. Ushbu marketing kampaniyasi bosh direktorga sabab bo'ldi Jon Skulli narxni 1.995 AQSh dollaridan (2019 yildagi 4.900 AQSh dollariga teng) 2.495 AQSh dollarigacha (2019 yildagi 6100 dollarga teng) oshirish.[115] Macintosh shuningdek, kontseptsiyasini yaratdi Mac xushxabarchilik, keyinchalik Apple xodimi tomonidan kashshof bo'lgan va keyinchalik Apple Fellow, Gay Kavasaki.[iqtibos kerak ]

1985 yil: Jobs va Voznyak Apple kompaniyasini tark etishdi

1985 yil boshlariga kelib, Macintoshning IBM PC-ni mag'lub qilmasligi aniq bo'ldi.[110][111] Bu Stiv Djobs va bosh direktor o'rtasida hokimiyat uchun kurashni keltirib chiqardi Jon Skulli, ikki yil oldin Jobs tomonidan yollangan[117][118] mashhur chiziqdan foydalanib: "Siz hayotingiz davomida shakar suvini sotmoqchimisiz yoki men bilan birga kelib dunyoni o'zgartirmoqchimisiz?"[119] Skulli va Jobsning kompaniyaga qarashlari bir-biridan keskin farq qilar edi. Birinchisi yoqdi ochiq me'morchilik Ta'lim, kichik biznes va uy bozorlariga sotiladigan Apple II kabi kompyuterlar IBMga nisbatan kam himoyalangan. Jobs kompaniyaning diqqat markazida bo'lishini xohladi yopiq me'morchilik Macintosh IBM PC-ga biznes alternativasi sifatida. Prezident va bosh ijrochi direktor Sculley Jobsning Makintosh bo'limi raisi ustidan ozgina nazorat o'rnatgan; u va Apple II bo'limi xizmatlarni takrorlovchi alohida kompaniyalar singari ish yuritgan.[120] Uning mahsulotlari 1985 yil boshida Apple sotuvlarining 85 foizini ta'minlagan bo'lsa-da, kompaniya 1985 yil yanvar oyida yillik yig'ilish Apple II bo'limi yoki xodimlari haqida gapirmadi. Bu o'sha yilning boshida Apple-da faol ishdan ketib, boshqa korxonalarni izlash uchun ketgan Voznyakning hafsalasi pir bo'lgan, "so'nggi besh yil ichida kompaniya noto'g'ri yo'ldan yurgan" va aksiyalarining katta qismini sotgan.[121][122][123] Ushbu shikoyatlarga qaramay, Voznyak kompaniyani do'stona tark etdi va 2018 yil yanvar oyidan boshlab Apple-ni tadbirlarda yoki intervyularda namoyish etishda davom etmoqda,[122] yillar davomida ushbu rol uchun stipendiya olish 2006 yilda yiliga 120 000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etadi.[124]

1985 yil aprel oyida Skulli Jobsni Makintosh bo'limining bosh menejeri lavozimidan olib tashlashga qaror qildi va Apple direktorlar kengashining bir ovozdan qo'llab-quvvatlashiga erishdi.[125][117] Skullining ko'rsatmasiga bo'ysunish o'rniga, Jobs uni Apple kompaniyasidagi etakchi rolidan chetlatishga urindi.[126] Xabar bergan Jan-Lui Gassi, Skulli Jobs a tashkil qilishga uringanligini bilib qoldi to'ntarish va shoshilinch ijroiya yig'ilishini chaqirdi, unda Apple rahbariyati Skulli tomoniga o'tdi va Jobsni barcha operatsion vazifalaridan mahrum qildi.[126]

Jobs firma raisi lavozimini egallab turib, Apple rahbariyatiga hech qanday ta'sir ko'rsatmadi va keyinchalik 1985 yil sentyabr oyida Apple kompaniyasidan iste'foga chiqdi va o'zi bilan birga Apple kompaniyasining bir qator qobiliyatli ishchilarini olib bordi. NeXT Inc.[127] Apple Computer tomonidan ajratib qo'yilganiga bo'ysunmaslik namoyishida Jobs o'zining 6,5 million aktsiyalaridan bittasidan boshqasini 70 million dollarga sotdi. Keyin ish joylari sotib olindi vizual effektlar uy, Pixar $ 5M uchun (2019 yilda $ 11,700,000 ga teng). NeXT Inc. futuristik dizaynga ega va UNIX tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan kompyuterlarni quradi KEYINGI QADAM operatsion tizim. NeXTSTEP nihoyat Mac OS X-da ishlab chiqilishi mumkin edi, ammo tijorat muvaffaqiyati bo'lmaganligi sababli, qisman uning yuqori narxi tufayli, NeXT kompyuteri shaxsiy kompyuter tarixiga muhim tushunchalarni kiritadi (shu jumladan, dastlabki platforma sifatida xizmat qiladi) Tim Berners-Li u rivojlanayotgan paytda Butunjahon tarmog'i ).[128]

Skulli kompaniyani qayta tashkil etdi, sotish va marketingni bir bo'limda, ikkinchisida mahsulot operatsiyalari va rivojlanishini birlashtirdi.[129][120] Dastlabki marketing qiyinchiliklariga qaramay, Macintosh brendi oxir-oqibat Apple uchun muvaffaqiyat qozondi. Bunga uning kiritilishi sabab bo'ldi ish stolida nashr etish (va keyinroq) kompyuter animatsiyasi ) bilan Apple kompaniyasi hamkorligi orqali Adobe tizimlari, joriy etgan lazer printer va Adobe PageMaker. Darhaqiqat, Macintosh kino, musiqa, reklama, nashriyot va san'at kabi ko'plab sohalar uchun de-fakto platforma sifatida tanilgan bo'lar edi.

1985-1997: Skulli, Spindler, Amelio

Macintosh SE

Korporativ ko'rsatkichlar

Shuningdek qarang: Apple tomonidan qo'shilish va qo'shilishlar ro'yxati

Rahbarligi ostida Jon Skulli, Apple o'zining birinchi korporativ dividendini 1987 yil 11 mayda chiqardi. Bir oy o'tib 16 iyun kuni Apple aktsiyalari birinchi marta 2: 1 bo'linishida bo'lindi. Apple har chorakda dividendni taxminan 0,3% daromad bilan 1995 yil 21-noyabrgacha ushlab turdi.[iqtibos kerak ] 1988 yil martidan 1989 yil yanvarigacha Apple beshta xaridni amalga oshirdi, shu jumladan Network Innovations dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyalari,[130] Uslublar,[131] Nashoba tizimlari,[132] va Coral Software,[133] shuningdek, "Orion Network Systems" sun'iy yo'ldosh aloqa kompaniyasi.[134]

Apple o'z kompyuterlarining ikkala qatorini, ya'ni Apple II va Macintosh-ni sotishda davom etdi. Mac-ni taqdim etganidan bir necha oy o'tgach, Apple Apple II-ning ixcham versiyasini chiqardi Apple IIc. Va 1986 yilda Apple kompaniyasi Apple IIgs, Apple II sichqoncha bilan boshqariladigan, Macga o'xshash operatsion muhitga ega bo'lgan gibrid mahsulotga o'xshash narsa. Birinchi Macintosh chiqarilgandan keyin ham Apple II kompyuterlari yillar davomida Apple uchun asosiy daromad manbai bo'lib qolmoqda.[135]

Mac oilasi

Shuningdek qarang: Macintosh modellari xronologiyasi

Shu bilan birga, Mac o'zining mahsulot oilasiga aylanmoqda. Asl model Mac Plus 1986 yilda va urug'lantirilgan Mac SE va Mac II 1987 yilda va Mac Classic va Mac LC 1990 yilda. Shu bilan birga, Apple o'zining birinchi ko'chma Mac-larini sinab ko'rdi: muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi Macintosh Portable 1989 yilda va undan ham mashhurroq PowerBook 1991 yilda zamonaviy shaklni o'rnatgan muhim mahsulot ergonomik noutbukning joylashuvi. Ommabop mahsulotlar va ortib borayotgan daromadlar bu Apple uchun yaxshi vaqt bo'ldi. MacAddict jurnal 1989 yildan 1991 yilgacha Makintoshning "birinchi oltin davri" deb nomlagan.

1987 yil 19 fevralda Apple kompaniyasi "Apple.com "domen nomi, bu ro'yxatdan o'tgan birinchi yuz kompaniyalardan biri bo'lgan a .com yangi paydo bo'lgan Internetdagi manzil.[136]

1990-yillarning o'rtalari

1980-yillarning oxirlarida Apple kompaniyasining ashaddiy texnologik raqiblari bu edi Amiga va Atari ST platformalar. Ammo asoslangan kompyuterlar IBM PC har uchalasiga qaraganda ancha mashhur edi va 1990 yillarga kelib ular nihoyatda taqqoslanadigan narsalarga ega bo'lishdi GUI Rahmat Windows 3.0 va Apple bilan raqobatdosh edi.

Kompyuter tahdidiga Apple kompaniyasining munosabati, masalan, yangi Macintosh liniyalarining ko'pligi edi Quadra, Centris va Performa. Biroq, ushbu "yangi tarmoqlar", shubhasiz, bu sohadagi eng yomon boshqariladigan kompaniyalardan biri "tomonidan yomon sotildi.[137] Birinchidan, juda kichik bitiruvlar bilan ajralib turadigan juda ko'p modellar mavjud edi texnologik xususiyatlar. O'zboshimchalik bilan chiqarilgan model raqamlarining ko'pligi ko'plab xaridorlarni chalkashtirib yubordi va soddaligi uchun Apple obro'siga putur etkazdi. Apple-ning chakana sotuvchilari yoqadi Sears va CompUSA ko'pincha ushbu Mac kompyuterlarini sota olmadi yoki hatto malakali ravishda namoyish qila olmadi. Mashinalar solishtirish mumkin bo'lgan kompyuterga qaraganda arzonroq bo'lishiga qaramay, ("yalang'och suyaklar kompyuteriga" qo'shilishi kerak bo'lgan barcha tarkibiy qismlarni hisobga olganda), yomon marketing mashinalar haqida taassurot qoldirdi. qimmatroq edi.[iqtibos kerak ] Apple mashhur modellarga bo'lgan talabni doimiy ravishda past baholaganligi va boshqalarga talabni oshirib yuborganligi sababli inventarizatsiya o'sdi.[137]

1991 yilda Apple uzoq yillik raqobatchisi bilan hamkorlik qildi IBM va Motorola shakllantirish AIM alyansi. Asosiy maqsad inqilobiy yangi hisoblash platformasini yaratish edi PREP, bu IBM va Motorola apparat va Apple dasturlaridan foydalanadi. PReP platformasiga birinchi qadam sifatida Apple kompaniyasi Quvvatli Macintosh liniyasidan foydalanib, 1994 yilda PowerPC Motorola va IBM kompaniyalari protsessorlari. Ushbu protsessorlar a RISC me'morchiligi, bu Motoroladan sezilarli darajada farq qildi 680X0 oldingi barcha Maclar ishlatgan seriyalar. Apple operatsion tizimining dasturiy ta'minotining bir qismi eski Mac-lar uchun yozilgan dasturlarning aksariyati ishga tushishi uchun qayta yozildi taqlid qilish PowerPC seriyasida.[iqtibos kerak ] Apple shuningdek IBM kompaniyasini sotib olish taklifini rad etdi, ammo keyinchalik muvaffaqiyatsiz IBM kompaniyasidan boshqa taklifni qidirdi,[138] va bir vaqtning o'zida sotib olishdan "soatlab" qolgan edi Quyosh mikrosistemalari.[137][139]

Kompyuterlardan tashqari Apple iste'molchilar uchun moslamalar ham ishlab chiqardi. 1993 yilda Apple kompaniyasi Nyuton, erta shaxsiy raqamli yordamchi (PDA). Bu PDA toifasini aniqladi va ishga tushirdi va shunga o'xshash qurilmalarning kashfiyotchisi va ilhomlantiruvchisi bo'ldi Palm Pilot va Pocket PC.[iqtibos kerak ]

1994 yilda Apple ishga tushirildi eWorld, elektron pochta, yangiliklar va e'lon taxtasi tizimini almashtirishni ta'minlaydigan onlayn xizmat AppleLink. U 1996 yilda yopilgan.

1995 yilda Macintosh "klonlari" ni ishlab chiqarishni boshlagan uchinchi tomon ishlab chiqaruvchilariga Mac OS va Macintosh ROM-larini litsenziyalashni (rasmiy ravishda) boshlash to'g'risida qaror qabul qilindi. Bu bozorga chuqurroq kirib borish va kompaniya uchun qo'shimcha daromad olish maqsadida qilingan. This decision led to Apple having over a 10% market share until 1997 when Steve Jobs was re-hired as interim CEO to replace Gil Amelio. Jobs promptly found a loophole in the licensing contracts Apple had with the clone manufacturers and terminated the Macintosh OS licensing program, ending the Macintosh clone era. The result of this action was that Macintosh computer market share quickly fell from 10% to around 3%.

In 1996, the struggling Keyingisi company beat out Be Inc.'s BeOS in its bid to sell its operating system to Apple. Apple purchased Stiv Jobs ' company, NeXT on December 10, 1996, and its NeXTstep operating system. This would not only bring Steve Jobs back to Apple's management, but NeXT technology would become the foundation of the Mac OS X operatsion tizim.

1997–2001: Apple's comeback

Stiv Jobsning qaytishi

1997 yil 9-iyulda, Gil Amelio direktorlar kengashi tomonidan Apple kompaniyasining bosh direktori lavozimidan chetlashtirildi. Jobs stepped in as the interim CEO to begin a critical restructuring of the company's product line. He would eventually become CEO and served in that position until August 2011. On August 24, 2011, Steve Jobs resigned his position as chief executive officer of Apple before his long battle with pancreatic cancer took his life on October 5, 2011.[140]

On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the Apple Store, an online retail store based upon the WebObjects application server the company had acquired in its purchase of Keyingisi. The new direct sales outlet was also tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy.[141][142]

Microsoft deal

1997 yilda Macworld Expo, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would be entering into a partnership with Microsoft. Included in this was a five-year commitment from Microsoft to release Microsoft Office for Macintosh as well as a US$150 million investment in Apple. As part of the deal, Apple and Microsoft agreed to settle a long-standing dispute over whether Microsoft's Windows operating system infringed on any of Apple's patents.[143] Bundan tashqari, bu e'lon qilindi Internet Explorer would be shipped as the default browser on the Macintosh, with the user being able to have a preference. Microsoft raisi Bill Geyts appeared at the expo on-screen, further explaining Microsoft's plans for the software they were developing for Mac, and stating that he was very excited to be helping Apple return to success. After this, Steve Jobs said this to the audience at the expo:

If we want to move forward and see Apple healthy and prospering again, we have to let go of a few things here. We have to let go of this notion that for Apple to win, Microsoft has to lose. We have to embrace a notion that for Apple to win, Apple has to do a really good job. And if others are going to help us that's great, because we need all the help we can get, and if we screw up and we don't do a good job, it's not somebody else's fault, it's our fault. So I think that is a very important perspective. If we want Microsoft Office on the Mac, we better treat the company that puts it out with a little bit of gratitude; we'd like their software.So, the era of setting this up as a competition between Apple and Microsoft is over as far as I'm concerned. This is about getting Apple healthy, this is about Apple being able to make incredibly great contributions to the industry and to get healthy and prosper again.[144]

The day before the announcement Apple had a market cap of $2.46 billion,[145] and had ended its previous quarter with quarterly revenues of US$1.7 billion and cash reserves of US$1.2 billion,[146] making the US$150 million amount of the investment largely symbolic. Apple CFO Fred Anderson stated that Apple would use the additional funds to invest in its core markets of education and creative content.[143]

iMac, iBook, and Power Mac G4

Asl nusxa iMac

While discontinuing Apple's licensing of its operating system to third-party computer manufacturers, one of Jobs's first moves as new acting CEO was to develop the iMac, which bought Apple time to restructure. The original iMac integrated a CRT display and CPU into a streamlined, translucent plastic body. The line became a sales smash, moving about one million units each year. It also helped re-introduce Apple to the media and public and announced the company's new emphasis on the design and aesthetics of its products.

In 1999, Apple introduced the Quvvatli Mac G4, which utilized the Motorola-made PowerPC 7400 containing a 128-bit instruction unit known as AltiVec, its flagship processor line. Also that year, Apple unveiled the iBook, its first consumer-oriented laptop that was also the first Macintosh to support the use of Simsiz LAN via the optional AirPort card that was based on the 802.11b standard; it helped popularize the use of Wireless LAN technology to connect computers to networks.

Mac OS X

Asosiy maqola: Mac OS X
Company headquarters on Infinite Loop in Kupertino, Kaliforniya

In 2001, Apple introduced Mac OS X (now known as macOS), an operating system based on Keyingisi "s Keyingi qadam and incorporating parts of the FreeBSD yadro.[147] Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X married the stability, reliability and security of Unix with the ease of a completely overhauled user interface. To aid users in transitioning their applications from Mac OS 9, the new operating system allowed the use of Mac OS 9 applications through the Klassik atrof-muhit. Olmalar Uglerod API also allowed developers to adapt their Mac OS 9 software to use Mac OS X's features.

Chakana savdo do'konlari

Asosiy maqola: Apple Store

In May 2001, after much speculation, Apple announced the opening of a line of Apple retail stores, to be located throughout the major U.S. computer buying markets. The stores were designed for two primary purposes: to stem the tide of Apple's declining share of the computer market and to respond to poor marketing of Apple products at third-party retail outlets.

2001–2007: iPods, iTunes Store, Intel transition

iPod

Asosiy maqola: iPod
A 2nd generation iPod
iPod mini with the UI (user interface) set to German

In October 2001, Apple introduced its first iPod portable digital audio player. Then iPod started as a 5 gigabyte player capable of storing around 1000 songs. Since then it has evolved into an array of products including the Mini (now discontinued), the iPod Touch, Aralash (now discontinued), the iPod Classic (also discontinued), the Nano (now discontinued), the iPhone va iPad. Since March 2011, the largest storage capacity for an iPod has been 160 gigabytes.[148] Speaking to software developers on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs said the company's share of the entire portable music device market stood at 76%.[iqtibos kerak ]

The iPod gave an enormous lift to Apple's financial results.[149] In the quarter ending March 26, 2005, Apple earned US$290 million, or 34¢ a share, on sales of US$3.24 billion. The year before in the same quarter, Apple earned just US$46 million, or 6¢ a share, on revenue of US$1.91 billion.

Moving on from colored plastics and the PowerPC G3

In early 2002, Apple unveiled a completely redesigned iMac, using the G4 processor and LCD display. Yangi iMac G4 design had a white hemispherical base and a flat panel all-digital display supported by a swiveling chrome neck. After several iterations increasing the processing speed and screen sizes from 15" to 17" to 20" the iMac G4 was discontinued and replaced by the iMac G5 2004 yil yozida.

In 2002, Apple also released the Xserve 1U raf o'rnatilgan server. Originally featuring two G4 chips, the Xserve was unusual for Apple in two ways. It represented an earnest effort to enter the enterprise computer market and it was also relatively cheaper than similar machines released by its competitors. This was due, in no small part, to Apple's use of Fast ATA drives as opposed to the SCSI hard drives used in traditional rack-mounted servers. Apple later released the Xserve RAID, a 14 drive RAID that was, again, cheaper than competing systems.

In mid-2003, Steve Jobs launched the Quvvatli Mac G5, asoslangan IBM "s G5 processor. Its all-metal anodlangan alyuminiy chassis finished Apple's transition away from colored plastics in their computers. Apple claims this was the first 64-bit computer sold to the general public. The Power Mac G5 was also used by Virginia Tech to build its prototype X tizimi supercomputing cluster, which at the time garnered the prestigious recognition of the third-fastest supercomputer in the world. It cost only US$5.2 million to build, far less than the previous No. 3 and other ranking supercomputers. Apple's Xserves were soon updated to use the G5 as well. They replaced the Power Mac G5 machines as the main building block of Virginia Tech "s X tizimi, which was ranked in November 2004 as the world's seventh-fastest superkompyuter.[150]

A new iMac based on the G5 processor was unveiled August 31, 2004 and was made available in mid-September. This model dispensed with the base altogether, placing the CPU and the rest of the computing hardware behind the flat-panel screen, which is suspended from a streamlined aluminum foot. This new iMac, dubbed the iMac G5, was the "world's thinnest desktop computer",[151] measuring in at around two inches (around 5 centimeters).[152]

2004, however, was a turning point for Apple. After creating a sizable financial base to work with, the company began experimenting with new parts from new suppliers. As a result, Apple was able to produce new designs quickly over a short amount of time, with the release of the iPod Video, then the iPod Classic, and eventually the iPod touch and iPhone.

On April 29, 2005, Apple released Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger" to the general public.

Apple's wildly successful PowerBook va iBook products relied on Apple's previous generation G4 architecture, which was produced by Freescale yarim o'tkazgich, a spin-off from Motorola. Engineers at IBM had minimal success in making their PowerPC G5 processor consume less power and run cooler but not enough to run in iBook or PowerBook formats. As of the week of October 24, 2005, Apple released the Power Mac G5 Dual that features a Dual-Core processor. This processor contains two cores in one rather than have two separate processors. Apple has also developed the Power Mac G5 Quad that uses two of the Dual-Core processors for enhanced workstation power and performance. The new Power Mac G5 Dual cores run individually at 2.0 GHz or 2.3 GHz. The Power Mac G5 Quad cores run individually at 2.5 GHz and all variations have a graphics processor that has 256-bit memory bandwidth.[153]

Retail store expansion

Dastlab, Apple do'konlari were only opened in the United States, but in late 2003, Apple opened its first Apple Store abroad, in Tokyo's Ginza tuman. Ginza was followed by a store in Osaka, Japan in August 2004. In 2005, Apple opened stores in Nagoya, Shibuya Tokio tumani, Fukuoka va Sendai. Another store was opened in Sapporo in 2006. Apple's first European store opened in London, on Regent ko'chasi, in November 2004. A store in the Bullring savdo markazi Birmingem opened in April 2005, and the Bluewater shopping centre yilda Dartford, Kent opened in July 2005. Apple opened its first store in Canada in the middle of 2005 at the Yorkdeyl savdo markazi yilda Shimoliy York, Toronto. Later on in 2005 Apple opened the Meadowhall Saqlash Sheffild va Trafford markazi Saqlash "Manchester" (Buyuk Britaniya). Recent additions in the London area include the Brent Xoch Apple Store (January 2006), the Apple Store in Vestfild in Shepherd's Bush (September 2008) and the Apple Store in Kovent Garden (August 2010), which is currently the largest store[154] dunyoda.

Also, in an effort to court a broader market, Apple opened several "mini" stores in October 2004 in an attempt to capture markets where demand does not necessarily dictate a full-scale store. The first of these stores was opened at Stenford savdo markazi yilda Palo Alto, Kaliforniya. These stores follow in the footsteps of the successful Apple products: iPod mini and Mac mini. These stores are only one half the square footage of the smallest "normal" store and thus can be placed in several smaller markets.

Apple and "i" Web services

In 2000, Apple introduced its iTools service, a set of free web-based tools that included an email account, internet greeting cards called iCards, a service called iReview that gave internet users a place to read and write reviews of Web sites, and a tool called KidSafe that promised to prevent children from browsing inappropriate portions of the veb. The latter two services were eventually canceled because of lack of success, while iCards and email became integrated into Apple's .Mac subscription-based service introduced in 2002 and discontinued in mid-2008 to make way for the release of the new MobileMe service, coinciding with the iPhone 3G release. MobileMe, which carried the same US$99.00 annual subscription price as its Mac predecessor, featured the addition of "push" services to instantly and automatically send emails, contacts and calendar updates directly to users' iPhone devices. Some controversy surrounded the release of MobileMe services to users resulting in expected downtime and a significantly longer release window. As a result of this, Apple extended the subscriptions of existing MobileMe subscribers by an additional 30 days free-of-charge.[155] At the WWDC event in June 2011, Apple announced its most up to date cloud service, iCloud, replacing MobileMe. This service kept most of the core services that MobileMe offered, however dropping iDisk, Gallery, and iWeb. Additionally, it added a number of other features to the group, including Find my Mac, iTunes Match, Photo Stream, Documents & Data Backup, and iCloud backup for iOS devices. The service requires users to be running iOS 5 and OS X 10.7 Lion.

iTunes do'koni

Asosiy maqola: iTunes do'koni

The iTunes musiqa do'koni was launched in April 2003, with 2 million downloads in the first 16 days. Music was purchased through the iTunes application, which was initially Macintosh-only; in October 2003, support for Windows qo'shildi. Initially, the music store was only available in the United States due to licensing restrictions.

In June 2004 Apple opened its iTunes Music Store in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Uchun versiyasi Yevropa Ittifoqi version opened October 2004, but it was not initially available in the Irlandiya Respublikasi due to the intransigence of the Irlandiya yozilgan musiqa uyushmasi (IRMA) but was opened there a few months later on Thursday, January 6, 2005. A version for Canada opened in December 2004. On May 10, 2005, the iTunes Music Store was expanded to Daniya, Norvegiya, Shvetsiya va Shveytsariya.

On December 16, 2004, Apple sold its 200 millionth song on the iTunes Music Store to Ryan Alekman from Belchertaun, Massachusets. The download was To'liq U2, tomonidan U2.[156] Just under three months later Apple sold its 300 millionth song on March 2, 2005.[157] On July 17, 2005, the iTunes Music Store sold its 500 millionth song.[158] At that point, songs were selling at an accelerating annualized rate of more than 500 million.

On October 25, 2005, the iTunes Store went live in Australia, with songs selling for $ A 1.69 each, albums at (generally) A$16.99 and music videos and Pixar short films at A$3.39. Briefly, people in Yangi Zelandiya were able to buy music off the Australian store. However, that loophole was quickly closed.

On February 23, 2006, the iTunes Music Store sold its 1 billionth song.[159]

The iTunes Music Store changed its name to iTunes Store on September 12, 2006, when it began offering video content (TV shows and movies) for sale. Since iTunes' inception, it has sold over 2 billion songs, 1.2 billion of which were sold in 2006. Since downloadable TV and movie content was added 50 million TV episodes and 1.3 million movies have been downloaded.

In early 2010, Apple celebrated the 10 billionth song downloaded from the iTunes Music Store.[160]

Intel transition

Asosiy maqola: Mac Intel protsessorlariga o'tish

In a keynote address on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs officially announced that Apple would begin producing Intel-based Macintosh computers beginning in 2006.[161] Jobs confirmed rumors that the company had secretly been producing versions of its current operating system Mac OS X for both PowerPC and Intel processors over the past 5 years, and that the transition to Intel processor systems would last until the end of 2007. Rumors of cross-platform compatibility had been spurred by the fact that Mac OS X is based on OpenStep, an operating system that was available for many platforms. In fact, Apple's own Darvin, ochiq manba underpinnings of Mac OS X, was also available for Intel's x86 architecture.[162][163][164]

On January 10, 2006, the first Intel-based machines, the iMac va MacBook Pro, were introduced.[165][166] Ular Intel Core Duo platform. This introduction came with the news that Apple would complete the transition to Intel processors on all hardware by the end of 2006, a year ahead of the originally quoted schedule.

2007–2011: Apple Inc., iPhone, iOS, iPad

On January 9, 2007, Apple Computer, Inc. shortened its name to simply Apple Inc. In his Macworld Expo keynote address, Steve Jobs explained that with their current product mix consisting of the iPod and Apple TV as well as their Macintosh brand, Apple really wasn't just a computer company anymore. At the same address, Jobs revealed a product that would revolutionize an industry in which Apple had never previously competed: the Apple iPhone. The iPhone combined Apple's first widescreen iPod with the world's first mobile device boasting visual voicemail, and an internet communicator able to run a fully-functional version of Apple's web browser, Safari, on the then-named iPhone OS (keyinchalik qayta nomlandi iOS ).

iOS evolution: iPhone and iPad

Asosiy maqolalar: iOS, iPhone va iPad

The first version of the iPhone became publicly available on June 29, 2007, in selected countries/markets. It was another 12 months before the iPhone 3G became available on July 11, 2008. Apple announced the iPhone 3GS on June 8, 2009, along with plans to release it later in June, July, and August, starting with the U.S., Canada, and major European countries on June 19. This 12-month iteration cycle has continued with the iPhone 4 model arriving in similar fashion in 2010, a Verizon model was released in February 2011, and a Sprint model in October 2011, shortly after Jobs' death.

On February 10, 2011, the iPhone 4 was made available on both Verizon Wireless and AT&T. Now two iPod types are multi-touch: the iPod nano and the iPod touch, a big advance in technology. Apple TV currently has a 2nd generation model, which is 4 times smaller than the original Apple TV. Apple has also gone wireless, selling a wireless trackpad, keyboard, mouse, and external hard drive. Wired accessories are, however, still available.

Olma iPad was announced on January 27, 2010, with retail availability commencing in April and systematically growing in markets throughout 2010. The iPad fits into Apple's iOS product line, being twice the screen size of an iPhone without the phone abilities. While there were initial fears of product cannibalization the FY2010 financial results released in Jan 2011 included commentary of a reverse 'halo' effect, where iPad sales were leading to increased sales of iMacs and MacBooks.[167]

Resurgence compared to Microsoft

Since 2005, Apple's revenues, profits, and stock price have grown significantly. On May 26, 2010, Apple's stock market value overtook Microsoft's,[168][169][170] and Apple's revenues surpassed those of Microsoft in the third quarter of 2010.[171][172] After giving their results for the first quarter of 2011, Microsoft's net profits of $5.2 billion were lower for the quarter than those of Apple, which earned $6 billion in net profit for the quarter.[173][174] The late April announcement of profits by the companies marked the first time in 20 years that Microsoft's profits had been lower than Apple's,[175] a situation described by Ars Technica as "unimaginable a decade ago".[173]

Guardian reported that one of the reasons for the change was because PC software, where Microsoft dominates, has become less important compared to the tablet and smartphone markets, where Apple has a strong presence.[175] One reason for this was a surprise drop in PC sales in the quarter.[175] Another issue for Microsoft was that its online search business had lost a lot of money, with a loss of $700 million in the first quarter of 2010.[175]

2011–present: Restructuring and Apple Watch

On March 2, 2011, Apple unveiled the iPad's second-generation model, the iPad 2. Like the 4th generation iPod Touch and iPhone, the iPad 2 comes with a front-facing camera as well as a rear-facing camera, along with three new apps that utilize these new features: Camera, FaceTime va Fotogalereya.

On August 24, 2011, Steve Jobs resigned from his position as CEO[176] with Tim Cook taking his place. On October 29, 2012, Apple announced structural changes to increase collaboration between hardware, software, and services.[177] This involved the departure of Scott Forstall, responsible for the launch of iOS (iPhone OS at the time of launch), who was replaced with Kreyg Federigi as head of iOS and OS X teams. Joni Ive became head of HI (Human Interface), whilst Eddi Kyu was announced as head of online services including Siri and Maps. The most notable short term difference of this restructuring was the launch of iOS 7, the first version of the operating system to use a drastically different design to its predecessors, headed by Jony Ive.,[178] dan so'ng OS X Yosemite a year later with a similar design.

During this time, Apple released the iPhone 5, the first iPhone to have a screen larger than 3.5",[179] The iPod Touch 5, also with a 4" screen, the iPhone 5S with fingerprint scanning technology in the form of ID-ga teging va iPhone 6 va iPhone 6 Plus, with screens at 4.7" and 5.5". Ular ozod qildilar iPad 3rd generation with Retina Display, followed by the iPad (4-avlod) just half a year later. The iPad Mini was announced alongside the iPad 4th gen, and was the first to feature a smaller screen than 9.7". This was followed by the iPad Mini 2 with Retina Display in 2013, alongside the iPad Air, a continuation of the original 9.7" range of iPads, which was subsequently followed by the iPad Air 2 with Touch ID in 2014. Apple also released various major Mac updates, including the MacBook Pro with Retina Display,[180] whilst also discontinuing the original MacBook range for a short period, before reintroducing it in 2015 with various new features, a Retina Display and a new design that implemented USB-C, while removing all other ports.[181] Apple also updated the Mac Pro va iMac lines with a drastically different smaller/thinner, but more powerful designs.

On November 25, 2013, Apple acquired a company called PrimeSense.[182] On May 28, 2014, Apple acquired Beats Electronics, producers of the popular Dre tomonidan urilgan headphone and speaker range, as well as streaming service Beats Music.

On September 9, 2014, Apple announced the Apple Watch, the first new product range since the departure of Steve Jobs.[183] The product cannot function beyond basic features without being within Bluetooth or WiFi range to an iPhone and contains basic applications (many acting as a remote for other devices, such as a music remote, or a control for an Apple TV) and fitness tracking. The Apple Watch received mixed reviews, with critics suggesting that whilst the device showed promise, it lacked a clear purpose, similar to many of the devices already on the market.[184] The Apple Watch was released on April 24, 2015.[185]

On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the iPhone 6S va iPhone 6S Plus with 3D Touch, the iPad Pro, and the fourth-generation Apple TV, along with the fourth-generation iPad Mini.On March 21, 2016, Apple announced the birinchi avlod iPhone SE va kichikroq iPad Pro.

2016 yil 7 sentyabrda Apple kompaniyasi iPhone 7 va iPhone 7 Plus with an improved camera and a faster processor than the previous generation. The iPhone 7 va iPhone 7 Plus have high storage options.On October 27, 2016, Apple announced the new 13 and 15 inch Macbook Pro with a retina Touch Bar.On March 21, 2017, Apple announced the iPad (2017). This is the iPad Air 2 successor, equipped with a faster processor, and starts at $329. Apple also announced the (Product)RED iPhone 7 va iPhone 7 Plus.

On June 5, 2017, Apple announced iOS 11 as well as new versions of macOS, watchOS va tvOS. Apple also released updated versions of the iMac, MacBook Pro va MacBook. Apple also released the new 10.5 and 12.9 inch iPad Pro. Apple also released a Siri speaker similar to the Amazon Echo deb nomlangan HomePod.

On September 12, 2017, at the Stiv Djobs nomidagi teatr, Apple introduced the iPhone 8 va iPhone 8 Plus with better camera features, more improvements in mahsulot dizayni, foydalanuvchi tajribasi, performance and more, and announced the iPhone X with facial recognition technology and wireless charging. Apple also announced the 4K Apple TV with 4K, HDR and Dolby Vision experience, and the Apple Watch Series 3, supporting a cellular connection, running watchOS 4.

On September 12, 2018, at the Steve Jobs Theater, Apple introduced the iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max va iPhone XR, yugurish iOS 12, with improved facial recognition and HDR in the display as well as better cameras for all 3 phones. They also announced the Apple Watch Series 4, running watchOS 5, with an all-new design and larger display as well as many more health-related features.

2018 yilda, Bloomberg yangiliklari reported that, as early as 2015, a specialized unit of China's Xalq ozodlik armiyasi began inserting chips into Supermikro servers that allowed for orqa eshik ularga kirish.[186] Approximately 30 companies reportedly had their servers compromised via the chips, including Apple Inc.[186]

On September 20, 2019, Apple introduced the IPhone 11, IPhone 11 Pro va IPhone 11 Pro Max ozod qilindi. The iPhone 11 Pro is also the first iPhone to feature three cameras.

Moliyaviy tarix

As cash reserves increased significantly in 2006, Apple created Braeburn Capital on April 6, 2006 to manage its assets.[187]

Financial periodNet sales (Million USD)Net profits (Million USD)Daromadning o'sishiReturn on net sales
FY 1977[188]0.773n / a------
FY 19787.8560.793920%10%
FY 197947.8675.073508%11%
FY 1980117.12611.698146%10%
FY 1981[189]33539.420184%12%
FY 19825836174%10%
FY 19839837769%8%
FY 19841,5166454%4%
FY 19851,9186127%3%
FY 19861,902154-1%8%
FY 19872,66121840%8%
FY 19884,07140053%10%
FY 19895,28445430%9%
FY 19905,5584755%9%
FY 19916,30931012%5%
FY 19927,08753012%7%
FY 19937,9778713%1%
1994 yil9,18931015%3%
FY 199511,06242420%4%
FY 19969,833-816-11%-8%
FY 19977,081-1,045-28%-15%
FY 19985,941309-16%5%
FY 19996,1346013%10%
FY 20007,98378630%10%
FY 20015,363-37-33%-1%
FY 20025,724657%1%
FY 20036,207578%1%
FY 20048,27926633%3%
FY 200513,9311,32868%10%
FY 200619,3151,98939%10%
FY 200724,0063,49624%15%
2008 yil32,4794,83435%15%
2009 yil[190]42,9058,23532%19%
2010 yil65,22514,01352%21%
2011 yil108,24925,92266%24%
2012 yil156,50841,73345%27%
2013 yil170,91037,0379%22%
2014 yil182,79539,5107%22%
2015 yil233,71553,39428%23%
2016 yil215,63945,687-8%21%
2017 yil229,234
2018 yil265,59559,53115%_

Aksiya

'AAPL' is the aksiya belgisi ostida Apple Inc. trades on the NASDAQ fond bozori. Apple originally went public on December 12, 1980, with an birlamchi ommaviy taklif at US$22.00[191] aktsiya uchun The stock has split 2 for 1 three times on June 15, 1987, June 21, 2000 and February 28, 2005. Apple initially paid dividends from June 15, 1987 to December 15, 1995. On March 19, 2012, Apple announced that it would again start paying a dividend of $2.65 per quarter (beginning in the quarter that starts in July 2012) along a $10 billion ulushni sotib olish that would commence September 30, 2012, the start of its fiscal 2013 year.

Gene Munster and Michael Olson of Piper Jaffray are the main analysts who track Apple stock. Piper Jaffray estimates future stock and revenue of Apple annually, and have been doing so for several years.[192]


Apple Inc. mahsulotlarining xronologiyasi

Shuningdek qarang: Apple Inc. mahsulotlarining xronologiyasi, Apple II oilasining xronologiyasi va Macintosh modellari xronologiyasi
Windows 10Windows 8Windows 7Windows VistaWindows XPDebianKeyingisiMicrosoft WindowsIBM PCTRS-80Altair 8800Men ishlaymaniLifeiTunesYakuniy kesishFileMaker ProClarisWorksAppleShareMacPaintMacWriteAppleWorksAirPort vaqt kapsulasiAirPort # AirPort Extreme (802.11n)iSight kamerasiAirPortGeoPortApple USB modemLocalTalkApple USB modemApple # Apple Pro Display XDR-ni namoyish etadiApple # LCD displeylarini namoyish etadiApple # LCD displeylarini namoyish etadiTrinitronApple displeylariApple displeylariApple displeylariSehrli sichqoncha 2Sehrli sichqonApple Mighty SichqonchasiApple simsiz sichqonchasiApple sichqonchasi # Apple USB sichqonchasi (M4848)Apple sozlanishi klaviaturaApple skaneriApple ish stoli avtobusiOlma sichqonchasiApple klaviaturasiRangli LaserWriter 12/600 PSStyleWriterLaserWriterAndoza: Apple printerlariSuperDriveSuperDrive # Floppy disk drayveriAppleCDQattiq disk 20SCMacintosh tashqi disk drayveriApple ProFileDisk IIApple TVApple Bandai PippinApple Interactive Television BoxHomePod MiniHomePodApple WatchPowerCD # AppleDesign quvvatli karnaylariApple QuickTakeiPod TouchiPodPowerCDiPhoneiPadNyuton (platforma)MacBook ProMacBook AirMac ProApple kompaniyasining Intel protsessorlariga o'tishiQuvvatli Mac G5OS XQuvvatli Mac G4iMacQuvvatli Macintosh G3Quvvatli MacintoshPowerBookMacintosh LCMacintosh IIYilni MacintoshiMacApple Network ServerMacintosh XLApple LisaiMac ProMacBook (2015–2019)XserveMacBook (2006–2012)iBookApple IIe CardiBookApple IIe # Platinum IIeApple IIc PlusApple IIcApple IIGSApple IIeApple IIIApple II PlusApple IIIApple IIApple I
Ushbu vaqt jadvalidagi mahsulotlar faqat tanishish sanalarini bildiradi va bekor qilinadigan sanalarni bildirmaydi, chunki yangi mahsulotlar qo'shni mahsulot qatoridan boshlanadi.

Adabiyotlar

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Qo'shimcha o'qish

Apple Inc. | 1976 yildan beri to'liq hujjatlar. Apple kompaniyasining birinchi xodimlarining ushbu rasmlari mutlaqo ajoyibdir

  • Gruman, Galen; Jim Xayd (1994 yil fevral). "Macintosh Innovation". MacWorld: 86–98..
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