Jeyms Komi - James Comey

"Comey" bu erga yo'naltiriladi. Familiyasi bo'lgan boshqa odamlar uchun qarang Komi (familiya).

Jeyms Komi
Jeyms Komi rasmiy portrait.jpg
7-chi Federal tergov byurosi direktori
Ofisda
2013 yil 4 sentyabr - 2017 yil 9 may
PrezidentBarak Obama
Donald Tramp
O'rinbosarShon M. Joys
Mark F. Giuliano
Endryu Makkeyb
OldingiRobert Myuller
MuvaffaqiyatliKristofer A. Ray
31-chi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Bosh prokurorining o'rinbosari
Ofisda
2003 yil 9 dekabr - 2005 yil 15 avgust
PrezidentJorj V.Bush
OldingiLarri Tompson
MuvaffaqiyatliPol Maknalti
Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh prokurori
Ofisda
2002 yil 7 yanvar - 2003 yil 15 dekabr
PrezidentJorj V.Bush
OldingiMeri Jo White
MuvaffaqiyatliDevid N. Kelley
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan
Jeyms Brien Komi kichik

(1960-12-14) 1960 yil 14 dekabr (59 yosh)
Yonkers, Nyu-York, BIZ.
Siyosiy partiyaMustaqil (2016 yil - hozirgacha)[1]
Boshqa siyosiy
bog'liqliklar		Respublika (2016 yilgacha)[2]
Balandligi6 fut 8 dyuym (2.03 m)
Turmush o'rtoqlarPatris Failor
Bolalar6[a]
Ta'limUilyam va Meri kolleji (BS )
Chikago universiteti (JD )
Imzo

Jeyms Brien Komi kichik (/ˈkoʊmmen/; 1960 yil 14-dekabrda tug'ilgan) - 7-chi bo'lgan amerikalik advokat Federal tergov byurosining direktori (FBI) 2013 yildan to uning ishdan bo'shatilishi 2017 yil may oyida.[3] Komi ro'yxatdan o'tgan edi Respublika kattalar hayotining ko'p qismida; 2016 yilda u o'zini quyidagicha ta'riflagan aloqador bo'lmagan.[4]

Comey edi Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh advokati 2002 yil yanvaridan 2003 yil dekabrigacha va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Bosh prokurorining o'rinbosari 2003 yil dekabrdan 2005 yil avgustgacha ma'muriyat Prezident Jorj V.Bush. 2005 yil avgust oyida Komi tark etdi AQSh Adliya vazirligi (DOJ) va katta vitse-prezident bo'ldi Lockheed Martin kabi umumiy maslahat asoslangan holda Bethesda, Merilend.[5] 2010 yilda u bosh maslahatchi bo'ldi Bridgewater Associates, asoslangan Westport, Konnektikut. 2013 yil boshida u Bridgewaterdan katta ilmiy tadqiqotchi va Hertog milliy xavfsizlik qonuni bo'yicha mutaxassis Kolumbiya yuridik fakulteti. U direktorlar kengashida ishlagan HSBC Holdings 2013 yil iyulgacha.[6]

2013 yil sentyabr oyida Prezident Barak Obama Komini FQB direktori lavozimiga tayinladi.[7] Ushbu lavozimda u Federal qidiruv byurosining tekshiruvini nazorat qilish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Hillari Klintonning elektron pochta ziddiyati. Uning roli 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi juda ziddiyatli edi.[8] Ayrim tahlilchilar va ba'zi Klinton tarafdorlari uning qarorlari 2016 yilgi saylovlar prezidentlikka zarar etkazishi mumkin bo'lganidan ancha oldin,[9] xususan uning saylovdan ikki hafta oldin Klintonning elektron pochtalari bo'yicha tergovni qayta boshlash to'g'risidagi qarori.[10][11][12] 2018 yil 14-iyun kuni DOJ bosh inspektori Maykl E. Horovits ozod qilindi uning hisoboti 2016 yilgi saylovlar paytida Komining xatti-harakatlarini tanqid qilgan Hillari Klinton elektron pochta orqali olib borilgan tergovni Federal qidiruv byurosi ko'rib chiqishi to'g'risida.[13]

Prezident Donald Tramp Komini 2017 yil 9 mayda ishdan bo'shatdi.[14][15][16] Tramp va Oq uyning bayonotlarida aytilishicha, Komi Tramp tufayli bo'lgan "bosim" ni yumshatish uchun ishdan bo'shatilgan Rossiya tergovi.[17][18][19] O'sha oyning oxirida Komi do'sti bilan matbuotga chiqib ketishini tashkil qildi eslatma u 2017 yil 14 fevralda prezident bilan shaxsiy uchrashuvidan so'ng yozgan edi. Unda Tramp undan Federal qidiruv byurosining tekshiruvini tugatishni so'raganligi aytilgan Maykl Flinn, sobiq milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi. Ishdan bo'shatish, Tramp bilan uchrashuvlarni batafsil bayon etgan turli xil eslatmalar va o'sha yilning iyun oyida Komining Kongressning keyingi guvohliklari ba'zi sharhlovchilar tomonidan dalil sifatida talqin qilingan odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish prezident tomonidan va Myuller tergovining bir qismiga aylandi.[20] Bosh inspektor Horovits Komining FBIning eslatmalarga nisbatan siyosatini buzganligini aniqladi, ammo Adliya vazirligi Komini sudga berishdan bosh tortdi.[21] 2019 yil dekabrda Horovits Komi yoki boshqa Federal qidiruv byurosi rasmiylari tomonidan Trampga qarshi siyosiy tarafkashlik yo'qligi haqida hisobot chiqardi.[22]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Komi tug'ilgan Yonkers, Nyu-York, ota-onalarga Joan Mari Komi (ism-sharif Herald)[23] va J. Brien Komi.[24] Uning bobosi Uilyam J. Komi Yonkers politsiya bo'limi xodimi va keyinchalik komissari bo'lgan.[25] Oila ko'chib o'tdi Allendeyl, Nyu-Jersi 70-yillarning boshlarida.[26][27] Uning otasi korporativ ko'chmas mulkda ishlagan, onasi esa kompyuter bo'yicha maslahatchi va uy bekasi bo'lgan.[28] Comey Irlandiya merosidir.[29] U ishtirok etdi Shimoliy Highlands mintaqaviy o'rta maktabi Allendeylda.[30] 1977 yilda u va uning ukasi a uy bosqini "Ramsey Rapist" nomli jinoyatchi tomonidan.[31] Komi maktabni imtiyozli diplom bilan tugatdi Uilyam va Meri kolleji 1982 yilda kimyo va din mutaxassisligi bo'yicha. Komi o'zining katta tezisida ilohiyotshunosni tahlil qildi Reinxold Nibur va teleangelist Jerri Falwell, ularning jamoat harakatlariga bo'lgan umumiy e'tiqodini ta'kidlab.[32] U uni qabul qildi Yuris doktori (J.D.) dan Chikago universiteti yuridik fakulteti 1985 yilda.[33]

Ilk martaba (1985-1993)

Qonun fakultetidan keyin Komi a qonun xodimi Qo'shma Shtatlar okrug sudyasi uchun John M. Walker Jr. yilda Manxetten. Keyin u sherik bo'lgan Gibson, Dann va Crutcher ularning Nyu-Yorkdagi ofisida. U qo'shildi AQSh prokuraturasi uchun Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi, u erda u 1987 yildan 1993 yilgacha ishlagan. U erda u jinoiy bo'linma boshlig'ining o'rinbosari bo'lib, jinoiy ish qo'zg'ashga yordam bergan Gambino jinoyatchilari oilasi.[34]

Klinton ma'muriyati (1996-2001)

AQSh advokatining yordamchisi

1996 yildan 2001 yilgacha Komi AQSh advokatining mas'ul yordamchisi bo'lgan Richmond Bo'limi Virjiniyaning Sharqiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh advokati.[12] 1996 yilda Komi maxsus maslahatchining o'rinbosari bo'lib ishlagan Oq suvning Senat qo'mitasi.[35] U shuningdek, ushbu ish bo'yicha etakchi prokuror bo'lgan 1996 yil Xobbar minoralari portlashi Saudiya Arabistonida.[36] Richmondda bo'lganida, Komi huquqshunos professor edi Richmond universiteti yuridik fakulteti.[33]

Bush ma'muriyati (2002-2005)

AQSh advokati

Komi AQSh advokati sifatida

Comey edi Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh advokati, 2002 yil yanvaridan 2003 yil 11 dekabriga qadar Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari lavozimiga tasdiqlangan paytgacha.[33] Uning birinchi vazifalari orasida Prezident ustidan tergovni o'z zimmasiga olish edi Bill Klinton "s munozarali afv etish ning Mark Rich, Komi xulosasida hech qanday noqonuniylik bo'lmagan.[35] 2002 yil noyabr oyida u eng yiriklardan biriga aloqador bo'lgan uchta erkak ustidan sud jarayonini olib bordi shaxsga oid firibgarlik Amerika tarixidagi holatlar.[37] Firibgarliklar ikki yil davom etgan va natijada mamlakat bo'ylab minglab odamlar birgalikda 3 million dollardan ko'proq zarar ko'rgan.[37] U shuningdek, ayblov xulosasini boshqargan Adelphia Communications asoschisi Jon Rigas uchun bank firibgarligi, tel firibgarlik va qimmatli qog'ozlar bilan firibgarlik. Rigas 2004 yilda va 2005 yilda ayblovlar bilan sudlangan, 15 yilga ozodlikdan mahrum qilingan. Adelphia Corporation 3,3 milliard dollar yolg'on kredit olganini tan olganidan keyin bankrotlik to'g'risida ariza bilan murojaat qilishga majbur bo'ldi. Bu "Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tarixidagi eng puxta va keng ko'lamli firibgarliklardan biri" edi.[38][39][40][41]

2003 yil fevral oyida Komi prokuror edi Marta Styuart, kimga qarshi ayblov e'lon qilindi qimmatli qog'ozlar bilan firibgarlik, odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish va FQB agentiga yolg'on gapirish.[12] U 3928 dona aktsiyalarini sotdi ImClone Tizimlar, shu bilan 45 673 dollar yo'qotishidan saqlanishadi. Ertasi kuni Oziq-ovqat va dori-darmonlarni boshqarish uchun kompaniyaning arizasini qabul qilishdan bosh tortdi Erbitux.[42] 2003 yil mart oyida u ImClone bosh direktorining ayblov xulosasini boshqargan Samuel Vaksal, 15 million dollarlik zamonaviy rasmlar uchun 1,2 million dollarlik soliqni to'lashdan qochganligi uchun aybini tan olgan. Asarlar muallif edi Mark Rotko, Richard Serra, Roy Lixtenshteyn va Villem de Kooning.[43] 2003 yil aprel oyida u ayblov xulosasini boshqargan Frank Kattron, go'yoki 2000 yilda subordinatlarni uning investitsiya bank amaliyotini o'rganayotgan tergovchilar izlagan dalillarni yo'q qilishga undagan Credit Suisse First Boston.[44] 2003 yil noyabrda u "Yog'och nikel operatsiyasi" da ayblovlarni olib bordi, natijada 47 ta shaxsga nisbatan shikoyat va ayblovlar chiqarildi valyuta savdo firibgarliklari.[45]

Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari (2003–2005)

Aniq ish

Komi tayinlandi Patrik Fitsjerald rahbarlik qilish uchun maxsus maslahatchi bo'lish katta hay'at tekshiruvi ichiga Aniq ish Bosh prokurordan keyin Jon Ashkroft o'zini rad etdi.[46]

Mahalliy telefonlarni tinglash

2006 yil yanvar oyi boshida, The New York Times, bilan bog'liq tergov qismi sifatida Bush ma'muriyati "s ichki kuzatuv dasturi, Komi va Adliya vazirligining boshqa rasmiylari markaziy jihatlarning qonuniyligini tasdiqlashdan bosh tortgan voqea haqida xabar berishdi Milliy xavfsizlik boshqarmasi (NSA) dasturi.[47] DOJ ichki xulosani chiqargan telefonni tinglash ostida Terroristlarni kuzatish dasturi (TSP) konstitutsiyaga zid edi, agar sud qarorisiz amalga oshirilgan bo'lsa. Oq uy tartib-qoidalariga ko'ra, dasturni yangilash uchun Adliya vazirligining roziligi talab qilingan.[48] 2004 yil mart oyining boshida, Federal tergov byurosi direktor Robert S. Myuller III va agar Oq uy DOJ dasturining konstitutsiyaga zid ekanligi haqidagi xulosasini bekor qilsa va Komi o'zlarining iste'folarini tayyorlagan edi.[49]

2004 yil 10 martda, muammo haligacha kutilayotgan paytda, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining bosh prokurori Jon Ashkroft da reanimatsiya bo'limida tiklanayotgan edi Jorj Vashington universiteti kasalxonasi o't pufagi operatsiyasidan keyin. Uning xotini uning yonida edi. U sog'ayib ketayotganda Adliya vazirligining har qanday qaroridan voz kechgan va Komini Bosh prokuror vazifasini bajaruvchi etib tayinlagan. Uning kasalxonasida unga Oq uy rasmiylari tashrif buyurishdi Alberto Gonsales va Endryu Kard, uni ichki kuzatuv dasturini qayta tasdiqlovchi hujjatlarni imzolashga majbur qilgan. Vaziyatdan xavotirga tushib, uning rafiqasi Komini ularga qo'shilishga chaqirdi va u Federal Qidiruv Byurosi direktori Myuller va DOJning yana ikki amaldorini chaqirdi, Jek Goldsmit va Patrik Filbin.[50] To'rt kishidan hech biri dasturni qayta avtorizatsiya qilishga rozi bo'lmadi va Ashkroft ishdan bo'shatilayotganda hech qanday choralar ko'rishni rad etdi.[51][48] Goldsmithning 2007 yilgi xotirasida u Komining kasalxonaga Oq uyning bosimiga dosh berishda Ashkroftni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun kelganini aytdi.[52] Keyinchalik Komi ushbu voqealar guvohligida sodir bo'lganligini tasdiqladi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senatining Sud qo'mitasi 2007 yil 16 mayda.[53][54][55][56][57][58] Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori Myullerning 2004 yil 10 martdagi voqea yuzasidan Vakillar palatasi sudlar qo'mitasida e'lon qilingan eslatmalari u "xonani ko'rgan AG, Jon Ashkroftni (u) ojiz, deyarli ifoda eta olmasligini" ta'kidladi.[59]

Komi va Myuller 2004 yil 12 martda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Prezident bilan uchrashuvdan so'ng iste'foga chiqish rejalarini bekor qilishdi Bush, kuzatuv dasturiga kerakli o'zgartirishlarni kiritgan kim.[60]

Kengaytirilgan so'roq qilish texnikasi

Komi 2005 yilda Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari bo'lganida, u "deb nomlangan 13 dan foydalanishni ma'qullagan memorandumni tasdiqladi"so'roq qilishning takomillashtirilgan usullari "shu jumladan suv kemalari[47] va 180 soatgacha uyqusizlik (7 1⁄2 kunlar), bu shubhali shaxslarni so'roq qilishda Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi tomonidan ishlatilishi mumkin.[61][62] Komi tomonidan tuzilgan ikkinchi memorandumga qarshi chiqdi Daniel Levin va imzolangan Stiven G. Bredberi, bu usullardan birgalikda foydalanish mumkinligini ta'kidladi.[61] Komi Bush ma'muriyatining qiynoqlarning oldini olishga yoki ularni cheklashga harakat qilgan kam sonli a'zolaridan biri edi.[63][64][65]

2013 yilgi tasdiqlash tinglovi paytida Komi o'zining shaxsiy fikriga ko'ra, suv osti kemalari qiynoqqa solinganligini,[66] The Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Qiynoqlarga qarshi konvensiyasi "juda noaniq" edi va amaliyotni taqiqlash deb talqin qilish qiyin edi.[52] U o'sha paytda bu amaliyot qonuniy deb hisoblagan bo'lsa ham,[61] u texnika bilan qat'iyan rozi bo'lmagan va siyosat sifatida ularni amalga oshirishga qarshi bo'lgan.[62][67] Oxir oqibat uning e'tirozlari bekor qilindi Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi.[68]

Xususiy sektor (2005–2013)

Komi Adliya vazirligini 2005 yil avgustda tark etdi.[69] 2005 yil avgustda Komining xususiy sektorga kirishi e'lon qilindi umumiy maslahat va katta vitse-prezident Lockheed Martin, AQSh Mudofaa vazirligi eng katta pudratchi.[70] Komining vakolat muddati 2005 yil 1 oktyabrdan kuchga kirdi,[71] bu lavozimda 2010 yil 2 iyungacha xizmat qilgan, u Lockheed Martinni katta menejment qo'mitasiga ishga kirishini e'lon qilgan Bridgewater Associates, a Konnektikut asoslangan investitsiyalarni boshqarish qat'iy.[72] Comey Bridgewater-dan uch million dollarlik to'lov oldi, uning boyligi 14 million dollarga baholandi.[73]

2013 yil 1-fevral kuni Bridgewaterdan ketganidan keyin u tomonidan tayinlangan Kolumbiya universiteti yuridik fakulteti katta ilmiy tadqiqotchi va milliy xavfsizlik qonuni bo'yicha Hertog xodimi sifatida.[74] Shuningdek, u Londonda joylashgan direktorlar kengashiga tayinlangan Moliya instituti HSBC Holdings,[75] asosiy talablarni bajarmaganligi uchun Adliya vazirligi bilan tuzilgan 1,9 milliard dollarlik kelishuvdan so'ng kompaniyaning muvofiqlik dasturini takomillashtirish Ekspertiza uchun talablar pul yuvish Meksika bilan bog'liq giyohvand moddalar kartellari va terrorizmni moliyalashtirish.[76][77] 2012 yildan beri u mudofaa huquqiy siyosati kengashida ham ishlagan.[78]

Kongress qo'mitalari oldida guvohlik berish

AQSh advokatlarining ziddiyatlarini ishdan bo'shatish

2007 yil may oyida Komi sud oldida guvohlik berdi Senatning Adliya qo'mitasi va Savdo va ma'muriy qonunlar bo'yicha sudlar sudi quyi qo'mitasi ustida AQSh advokatining ishdan bo'shatilishi bilan bog'liq tortishuv.[69] Uning guvohligi sobiq Bosh prokuror Alberto Gonsalesning ko'rsatmalariga zid edi, ular otish ishdan bo'shatilgan ba'zi prokurorlarning ishi pastligi tufayli yuz berganini aytdi. Komining ta'kidlashicha, Adliya vazirligi ish uchun partiyasiz va siyosiy bo'lmagan sifatida qabul qilinishi kerak.[79]

Adliya vazirligi, mening nazarimda, Prezidentning siyosiy tayinlovchilari tomonidan boshqariladi. AQSh advokatlari Prezidentning siyosiy tayinlovchilari. Ammo ular o'sha ishlarni olib, ushbu muassasani boshqarganlaridan so'ng, mening fikrimcha, bu muassasa Amerika hayotida boshqasi bo'lishi kerak, chunki mening xalqim har xil jyuri sudyalari oldida turishi, barcha chiziqlar sheriflari, sudyalar bilan suhbatlashishi kerak edi. barcha chiziqlar. Ularni na ma'muriyat, na u ma'muriyat sifatida emas, balki yaxshi yigitlar sifatida ko'rish kerak edi.[79]

Oliy sud muhokamalari

Politico 2009 yil may oyida xabar qilinganidek, Oq uy rasmiylari Komining o'rnini bosadigan nomlarning qisqa ro'yxatiga kiritilishini talab qilishdi Associate Justice Devid Sauter ustida AQSh Oliy sudi.[80] Politico Keyinchalik xabar qilingan liberal faollar Komining ismini kiritish ehtimolidan xafa bo'lishdi. Jon Britayt Fuqarolik huquqlari bo'yicha advokatlar qo'mitasi qonunga muvofiq "[Komi] Bushilar bilan birga keldi. Nima deb o'ylaysizki, u markazga qaraganda bir-ikki santimetr ko'proq bo'ladi. [Jon] Roberts ? Men juda xafa bo'lgan bo'lardim. "[81]

2013 yilda Comey imzolagan edi amicus curiae qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Oliy sudga taqdim etilgan qisqacha ma'lumot bir jinsli nikoh davomida Xollingsvort va Perri ish.[82]

Federal tergov byurosi direktori (2013–2017)

Komi, Prezident Obama va chiqadigan FBI direktori Robert Myuller Komining FBI direktori lavozimiga nomzodi bo'yicha, 2013 yil 21 iyun
Komi Oval ofis quyidagilarga rioya qilish San-Bernardino hujumi, 2015 yil 3-dekabr
Obama Comey va Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchidan yangilik oladi Liza Monako ustida Orlando tungi klubida otishma, 2016 yil 12-iyun

2013 yil may oyidagi hisobotlar Prezident keyingi oy rasmiy bo'lgan Barak Obama u Komini keyingi lavozimga nomzodini qo'yishini ma'lum qildi Federal tergov byurosining direktori, ketgan direktorni almashtirish Robert Myuller.[83][84] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Komi boshqa bir finalchi o'rniga tanlangan, Liza Monako davomida Adliya vazirligida milliy xavfsizlik masalalarini nazorat qilgan AQSh konsulligiga hujum yilda Bingazi, Liviya, 2012 yil 11 sentyabrda.[85][86]

2013 yil 29 iyulda Senat Komini FBI direktori lavozimiga o'n yillik muddatga tasdiqladi. U 93-1 ovoz bilan tasdiqlandi. Ikki senator ishtirok etdi.[87] U 2013 yil 4 sentyabrda Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori sifatida qasamyod qildi.[88] Komi Prezident tomonidan ishdan bo'shatildi Donald Tramp 2017 yil 9-may kuni.[14]

Politsiya va afroamerikaliklar

Komi har yili FBI va Birmingem Fuqarolik Huquqlari Instituti konferentsiyasida, 2016 yil 25-may

2015 yil fevral oyida Komi nutq so'zladi Jorjtaun universiteti Vashingtonda, politsiya va afro-amerikaliklar jamoatchiligi o'rtasidagi munosabatlar to'g'risida.[89][90] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, "Amerika tarixining ko'p nuqtalarida huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari status-kvoni - ko'pincha noqulay ahvolga tushgan guruhlarga nisbatan shafqatsizlarcha adolatsiz bo'lgan vaziyatni amalga oshirdilar", dedi u o'zining irlandiyalik ajdodlari misolida 20-yil boshlarida asr, huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari tomonidan ko'pincha mast va jinoyatchilar sifatida qabul qilingan. U yana qo'shimcha qildi: "Irlandiyaliklar og'ir kunlarni boshdan kechirdilar, ammo bizning qora tanli amerikaliklarning tajribasi bilan taqqoslaganda kam narsa bor", shunda ish va ta'lim olish uchun imkoniyat yo'qligi kabi yosh qora tanli erkaklarni jinoyatchilikka olib borishi kabi dolzarb ijtimoiy masalalarga to'xtalib o'tdi.[89] Komi shunday dedi:

Mamlakatimizning shaharlarida patrul xizmatida bo'lgan politsiyachilar ko'pincha ko'cha jinoyatlarining nomutanosib foizini rang-barang yigitlar sodir etadigan muhitda ishlashadi. Ushbu muhitda ishlaydigan yaxshi niyatli kishilarga biror narsa bo'ladi. Ko'p yillik politsiya ishidan so'ng, ofitserlar ko'pincha o'zlarini his qilgan kinik ta'siriga duchor bo'lmaydilar. Aqliy yorliq deyarli qaytarib bo'lmaydigan bo'lib qoladi.[89]

2015 yil oktyabr oyida Komi nutq so'zlab, unda tashvish tug'dirdi tanada kiyilgan video kam samarali politsiya olib keladi; bu fikr Prezidentning jamoatchilik pozitsiyasiga zid edi.[91] Bir necha kundan so'ng, Prezident Obama bu masalani hal qilish uchun Oval idorasida Komi bilan uchrashdi.[92]

23 oktyabrdagi nutqida Chikago universiteti yuridik fakulteti, Komi dedi:

Esimda, nega biz qora tanli mahallalarda juda ko'p jinoiy ishlarni olib boryapmiz va shuncha qora tanli erkaklarni qamab qo'yamiz? Axir, Richmond asosan oq tanli aholi yashaydigan joylar bilan o'ralgan edi. Shubhasiz, shahar atroflarida giyohvand moddalar sotadiganlar bor edi. Mening javobim sodda edi: biz u erda yashayapmiz, chunki u erda odamlar o'lmoqda. Bu bizni qamab qo'yadigan bolalar, chunki ular jamiyat hayotini bo'g'ib qo'yadigan yirtqichlardir. Biz bu ishni hamma hayot muhim, ayniqsa, eng himoyasiz odamlar ekanligiga ishonganimiz uchun qildik.[93]

Polsha va Holokost haqidagi sharhlar

2015 yil aprel oyida Komi nutq so'zladi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Holokost yodgorlik muzeyi Vashingtonda, ko'proq narsaning foydasiga bahslashdi Holokost ta'lim.[94] Keyin Washington Post nutqining bir nusxasini chop etdi, Anne Applebaum uning "Germaniya, Polsha va Vengriyaning qotillari va sheriklari" ga ishora qilish, polyaklar polyaklar Holokost uchun nemislar kabi javobgardir, deb noto'g'ri deb yozgan.[95] Uning nutqi Polsha rasmiylari tomonidan ham tanqid qilindi va Stiven D. Mull, AQShning Polshadagi elchisi, Polshaga chaqirilgan Tashqi Ishlar Vazirligi.[96] Applebaum Komini "qayta nashr etilgan nutqida" deb yozgan Xabar ko'proq Holokost ta'limi uchun bahslashib, unga o'zi qanchalik muhtojligini namoyish etdi ".[97]

Elchi Mull Komining so'zlari uchun uzr so'radi.[98] Uning so'zlari haqida Komi "Germaniya va Polshani bir-biriga bog'lab qo'yganimdan afsusdaman ... Polsha davlati fashistlar tomonidan sodir etilgan dahshat uchun javobgar emas. Koshki men boshqa biron bir mamlakat nomini ishlatmasam edi, chunki mening fikrim universal edi" inson tabiati to'g'risida "deb nomlangan.[99]

OPM ma'lumotlarini buzish

2015 yil iyun oyida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining xodimlarni boshqarish idorasi (OPM) a maqsadi bo'lganligini e'lon qildi ma'lumotlar buzilishi to'rt millionga yaqin odamning yozuvlarini nishonga olish.[100] Keyinchalik Komi ularning sonini 18 millionga etkazdi.[101] The Vashington Post hujumning kelib chiqishi haqida xabar berdi Xitoy, ismi oshkor qilinmagan hukumat vakillariga asoslanib.[102] Komi: "Bu milliy xavfsizlik nuqtai nazaridan va kontrrazvedka nuqtai nazaridan juda katta kelishuvdir. Bu Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari hukumati uchun ishlagan, ishlashga harakat qilgan yoki ishlaydigan har bir kishi haqida ma'lumot xazinasi" dedi.[103]

Hillari Klinton elektron pochta orqali tergov o'tkazmoqda

Sobiq Federal Tergov Byurosi direktori Jeyms Komining tergov to'g'risidagi hisoboti, nozik tergov ma'lumotlarini oshkor qilishi va ayrim memorandumlar bilan ishlash.
Asosiy maqola: Hillari Klintonning elektron pochta ziddiyati

2015 yil 10 iyulda FQB jinoiy ish qo'zg'atdi Hillari Klinton u bo'lganida shaxsiy elektron pochta serveridan foydalanish Davlat kotibi.[8] 2016 yil 29 iyunda Bosh prokuror Loretta Linch va Bill Klinton uning samolyotida asfaltda uchrashdi Feniks Sky Harbor xalqaro aeroporti, uni rad etishga chaqirishga olib keladi. Shundan keyin Linch Federal qidiruv byurosining tekshiruv bilan bog'liq tavsiyasini "to'liq" qabul qilishini ma'lum qildi.[8] 2-iyul kuni Federal qidiruv byurosi xodimlari Xillari Klinton bilan Federal qidiruv byurosining shtab-kvartirasida intervyu olib, o'z tergovlarini yakunladilar, shundan so'ng Komi va uning sheriklari ishda jinoiy ayblovlar uchun asos yo'q deb qaror qildilar.[8]

Tergov to'g'risida ma'lumotni chiqarish

2016 yil 5-iyulda Komi Federal qidiruv byurosining tavsiyanomasini e'lon qildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Adliya vazirligi bilan bog'liq jinoiy ish qo'zg'atmang Hillari Klintonning elektron pochta ziddiyati.[104] 15 daqiqalik matbuot anjumani davomida J. Edgar Guvver binosi, Komi Kotib Klinton va uning yordamchilarining xatti-harakatlarini "o'ta beparvo" deb atadi, ammo "hech qanday oqilona prokuror bunday ishni qo'zg'atmaydi" degan xulosaga keldi. Bu Federal Qidiruv Byurosi Adliya vazirligiga o'zining prokuratura tavsiyasini birinchi marta oshkor qilgani deb ishonilgan.[104] 2016 yil 7-iyulda Komi Federal qidiruv byurosining tavsiyasi bilan bog'liq tinglov paytida respublikachilar boshchiligidagi uy qo'mitasi tomonidan so'roq qilingan.[105][106]

Komining oktyabr oyidagi maktubi

2016 yil 26 oktyabrda, prezidentlik saylovidan ikki hafta oldin Komi, Federal Qidiruv Byurosi xodimlari sobiq kongressmen bilan bog'liq bo'lmagan ishni tekshirayotganini bildi Entoni Vayner Vaynerning kompyuterida rafiqasi o'rtasida elektron pochta xabarlarini topgan, Huma Abedin va Xillari Klinton. Vaynerning elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqish bir necha oy davom etishiga ishonishini da'vo qilib, Komi yangi ma'lumotlar tufayli tergov qayta boshlanganligi to'g'risida Kongressga xabar berishga qaror qildi.[8] Adliya vazirligi advokatlari uni tergov to'g'risida jamoatchilik ma'lumotlarini tarqatish departament siyosatiga mos kelmasligi to'g'risida ogohlantirdilar, ammo u bu siyosatni temir qoidalar o'rniga "ko'rsatma" deb bildi.[107] U yangi ma'lumotlarni oshkor qilmaslik Kongress va jamoatchilikni yo'ldan ozdiradi deb qaror qildi.[108] 28 oktyabrda Komi Kongress a'zolariga xat yuborib, Federal Qidiruv Byurosi ko'proq elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqayotganini maslahat berdi. Kongress a'zolari bir necha daqiqada ma'lumotni jamoatchilikka oshkor qilishdi.[109] Respublikachi va demokrat qonunchilar, shuningdek Klinton va Trampning saylovoldi kampaniyalari Komini qo'shimcha tafsilotlarni berishga chaqirdi.

The Klinton kampaniyasi va ko'plab sobiq amaldorlar va boshqa sharhlovchilar uning qayta tergovni qayta boshlash to'g'risida qarorini tanqid qildilar.[110][111][112][113][114] Yuridik professori Richard rassom ga shikoyat bilan murojaat qilgan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining maxsus maslahat bo'limi va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari hukumat axloqiy boshqarmasi Komining Kongressga maktubi orqali.[115]

Tergovchilar yangi elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqishni ovoz berish kunidan oldin yakunlashlari uchun qo'shimcha manbalar oldilar,[8] va 2016 yil 6-noyabrda Komi Kongressga ikkinchi xatida "Bizning ko'rib chiqishimiz asosida biz iyul oyida aytgan xulosalarimizni o'zgartirmadik" deb yozgan edi.[116]

Komi o'ng va chap harakatlari uchun keng tanqid qilindi.[117][118][119][120] Klinton kampaniyasiga ko'ra, xatlar Trampning "soxtalashtirilgan tizim" haqidagi da'volarini qabul qiladigan saylovchilar bilan Klintonning imkoniyatlariga zarar etkazish orqali kampaniyaning tezlashishini samarali ravishda to'xtatdi.[121] Ovoz berish vakolati Neyt Kumush Twitter-da Komining "poyga uchun katta, o'lchovli ta'sir ko'rsatganligi" haqida izoh berdi.[122][123][10] Demokratik strategist kabi boshqa tahlilchilar Devid Akselrod, Komining ommaviy harakatlari Klintonga saylov uchun qimmatga tushadigan bir nechta kumulyativ omillardan biri ekanligini aytdi.[124][125] 2017 yil 2-may kuni, Hillari Klinton dedi CNN-ga Christiane Amanpour: "Men 28-oktabrda Jim Komining maktubi bilan ruscha birlashmaguncha g'alaba qozonish yo'lida edim WikiLeaks menga ovoz berishga moyil bo'lgan va qo'rqib ketgan odamlar ongida shubhalarni kuchaytirdi. "[126] 2017 yil 3-may kuni Komi Senat sud-huquq qo'mitasi oldida "bu bizning saylovga qandaydir ta'sir ko'rsatgan bo'lishi mumkin deb o'ylash meni engil ko'ngilni aylantiradi", deb aytdi, ammo "halol, bu qarorni o'zgartirmaydi" ma'lumot.[127][128]

Tergov

2017 yil 12-yanvar kuni Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Adliya vazirligi Bosh inspektorning idorasi Federal qidiruv byurosi Klintonga nisbatan o'tkazilgan tergov jarayonida tegishli tartib-qoidalarga rioya qilinganligi yoki Federal Qidiruv Byurosi xodimlari tomonidan "noto'g'ri fikrlar" qilinganligi to'g'risida rasmiy tekshiruv o'tkazilishini e'lon qildi.[129]

2017 yil 27-iyul kuni Vakillar palatasining Adliya qo'mitasi Komiga tegishli hujjatlarni, shu jumladan Xillari Klintonga nisbatan Federal qidiruv byurosining tergovi, Komining 2016 yilgi saylovlar paytida o'zini tutishi va uning esdaliklarini matbuotga e'lon qilishni talab qilishga qaror qildi.[130][131] Qo'mita respublikachilari, shuningdek, ushbu masalalarni tekshirish uchun ikkinchi maxsus prokurorni tayinlashni iltimos qilib, Bosh prokuror Jeff Sessionsga xat yozishdi.[132]

2017 yil sentyabr oyida Senatning Adliya qo'mitasida ikki respublikachi, Chak Grassli (R-IA) va Lindsi Grem (R-SC), Komi Xillari Klintonni elektron pochta mojarosida agentlik tergovni yakunlashidan ancha oldin oqlashni rejalashtirganini da'vo qilgan.[133] Ushbu voqea oktyabr oyida Federal Qidiruv Byurosi tomonidan tasdiqlangan bo'lib, u 2 mayga bag'ishlangan Komining esdalik yozuvini e'lon qilgan edi. Komi Klinton bilan 2 iyul kuni o'tkazilgan tergov doirasida intervyu bergan edi. Federal qidiruv byurosining sobiq rasmiysi Ron Xosko: "Siz tergov o'tkazilgandek yakuniy xulosalarga kelishga moyilsiz. mantiqan tugadi. Bir necha oy oldin emas. " Donald Tramp buni "sharmandali" deb atadi. Bundan farqli o'laroq, Adliya vazirligining sobiq vakili Metyu Miller Twitter-da "Qaror hech qachon oxirigacha" qabul qilinmaydi ", hatto 99% ehtimollik bo'lgan taqdirda ham, u faqat bitta yo'ldan borishi mumkin" deb yozgan.[134]

Komining dastlabki oqlash loyihasida Klinton "qo'pol beparvolik" qilgani aytilgan, bu jinoyat hisoblanadi. Biroq, keyinchalik til "o'ta beparvolik" ga o'zgartirildi.[135] Dekabr oyida bu o'zgarish tomonidan amalga oshirilganligi aniqlandi Piter Strzok Keyinchalik, Myullerning tergoviga qo'shilib, Federal Qidiruv Byurosining advokati bilan shaxsiy xabarlar almashgandan keyin ishdan bo'shatiladigan Federal Qidiruv Byurosi rasmiysi, bu Klintonga siyosiy jihatdan foydasi tegishi mumkin.[136]

2018 yil 14-iyun kuni Bosh inspektor Maykl Horovits berilgan sana uning hisoboti Komining Klinton elektron pochta orqali tekshiruvini "bo'ysunmagan" sifatida ko'rib chiqishini tanqid qilmoqda.[137] Xususan, u Komining "sud qarorida jiddiy xato" qilganini, "Bosh prokurorning vakolatlarini egallab olganini", "belgilangan tartiblardan chetga chiqishni tanlaganini va" o'zining sub'ektiv, vaqtinchalik qarorlarini qabul qilish bilan "ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilganligini aytdi. u 2016 yil iyul oyida Klinton elektron pochta orqali o'tkazilgan tergovda ayblovlarni tavsiya qilmasligi va keyinchalik ishni qayta ochish to'g'risida Kongressga xat yuborishi bilan.[138] Hisobotda siyosiy tarafkashlik dalillari topilmadi, garchi boshqa yuqori martabali Federal Qidiruv Byurolari Trampning saylovoldi kampaniyasiga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatishi uchun "rasmiy choralar ko'rishga tayyorligini" namoyish etishdi.[13]

Rossiyadagi saylovlarga aralashuvni tekshirish

Shuningdek qarang: Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi

2016 yil 5-iyulda, Komining matbuot anjumani kuni FTB uni sotib oldi Donald Tramp-Rossiya hujjati tomonidan Kristofer Stil.[8] Iyul oyi oxirida Federal Qidiruv Byurosi Tramp kampaniyasi bo'yicha tergov boshlagan.[8] Komi prezident Obamadan an yozish uchun ruxsat so'radi op-ed, bu jamoatchilikni ruslar saylovlarga aralashayotganidan ogohlantirishi mumkin edi. Prezident bu talabni rad etdi.[8] Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi direktori Jon O. Brennan keyin Senat ozchiliklar etakchisiga ruslar haqida g'ayrioddiy shaxsiy brifing berdi Garri Rid; Keyin Reid brifingga ommaviy ravishda murojaat qildi.[8] Komi, ammo Trump kampaniyasi tekshirilayotganini tasdiqlashdan bosh tortdi - hatto Kongressning maxfiy brifinglarida ham.[8] Oktyabr oyining boshlarida Oq uyda uchrashuvlar bo'lib o'tdi Vaziyat xonasi; Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi Syuzan Rays ma'lumotni tarqatish kerak, deb aytdi, Komi esa oshkor qilish endi kerak emasligini ta'kidladi.[8]

2017 yil yanvar oyida Komi saylangan prezidentga Stil hujjatlari haqida ma'lumot berganida Tramp bilan birinchi marta uchrashgan.[139] 2017 yil 27-yanvar kuni Tramp va Komi Oq uyda yolg'iz ovqatlanishdi.[139] Trampning so'zlariga ko'ra, Komi kechki ovqatni o'z ishini davom ettirishni so'rash uchun so'ragan va so'ralganda Trampga uning tergov qilinmasligini aytgan. Tramp Komidan sodiqligini va'da qilishini so'ramaganligini aytdi. Biroq, Komining sheriklarining so'zlariga ko'ra, Tramp kechki ovqatni so'ragan, Komidan sadoqatini va'da qilib berishni so'ragan, ikki marta Komi javob bergan, u har doim halol bo'lishini so'raguncha, Tramp undan Komi "halol sadoqat" ni va'da qilasizmi, deb so'raguniga qadar. qildi.[139]

14 fevral kuni, Prezident Tramp ishdan bo'shatilgan kunning ertasi Maykl T. Flinn, Komi prezident bilan terrorizm tahdidi bo'yicha brifing paytida uchrashdi Oval ofis.[140] Uchrashuv oxirida Tramp boshqa xavfsizlik rahbarlaridan ketishni iltimos qildi, so'ng Komiga jurnalistlarni qochqinlarni qamoqqa olish masalasini ko'rib chiqishni va "Umid qilamanki, siz bunga yo'l qo'yib, Flinni qo'yib yuborish yo'lingizni aniq ko'rasiz" dedi.[140] Komi, odatdagidek, darhol uchrashuvni hujjatlashtirdi eslatma va buni Federal qidiruv byurosi rasmiylari bilan bo'lishdi.[140] Kongressdagi ko'rsatmalarida Komi Trampning izohini Flinn tergovini bekor qilish to'g'risida "buyruq" deb qabul qilganiga aniqlik kiritdi, ammo "bu Rossiya tergovini umuman bekor qilish buyrug'i deb hisoblamadi".[141]

4 mart kuni Komi Adliya vazirligidan Trampning telefonlarini o'sha paytdagi prezident Obama tinglaganligi haqidagi da'vosini ochiqchasiga rad etish uchun ruxsat berilishini so'radi.[142]

20 mart kuni, guvohlikda Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, Komi Federal Qidiruv Byurosi o'rtasida mumkin bo'lgan muvofiqlashtirishni tekshirayotganini tasdiqladi Trump kampaniyasi va Rossiya va qandaydir jinoyatlar sodir etilganligi to'g'risida.[143] Tinglash paytida Oq Uyning Twitter-dagi akkauntida "NSA va FBI Kongressga Rossiyaning saylov jarayonlariga ta'sir o'tkazmaganligini aytmoqda" deb yozgan edi, bu Komi kongressmenning tvitini o'qiganida. Jim Xims, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri rad etildi.[144] Komi Prezidentning so'zlarini rad etdi Trump Tower telefonni tinglash bo'yicha ayblovlar, "Menda ushbu tvitlarni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi ma'lumot yo'q va biz Federal Qidiruv Byurosini sinchkovlik bilan ko'rib chiqdik" deb guvohlik berdi.[145]

AQSh vakili Kris Styuart (R-UT) sud majlisida Komidan so'radi: "Janob. Klapper keyin uning so'zlariga ko'ra, Tramp kampaniyasi a'zolari va ruslar o'rtasida til biriktirilishining isboti yo'q edi. Biz o'z hisobotimizda biron bir dalillarga yakun yasamadik va "bizning hisobotimiz" deb aytganimda, ya'ni mening ofisim bilan NSA, FBI va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi, milliy razvedka direktori har qanday narsani aytdi - Trump kampaniyasi a'zolari o'rtasidagi kelishuvning har qanday aksi va ruslar, bizning hisobotimizda bunga dalil yo'q edi. Mister Klapper bu gapni aytganda noto'g'rimi? "Komi javob berdi:" Menimcha, u sizning hammangiz o'qigan hisobotni tavsiflashda to'g'ri. "[146] Matbuot kotibi Shon Spayser va keyin Oq Uyning tvitida ushbu guvohlik Klapperning "to'g'ri" ekanligi to'g'risida hech qanday kelishuvga oid dalillar yo'qligi isboti sifatida ta'kidlab o'tildi, shu sababli Klapper yanvar oyida to'plangan dalillarga ishora qilgani va yanada ko'proq tergov o'tkazish zarurligi to'g'risida bayonot tarqatdi.[144]

3 may kuni, oldin ko'rsatuvlarda Senat Adliya qo'mitasi, Komining ta'kidlashicha, Rossiya "Er yuzidagi har qanday millatning eng katta tahdidi ... O'rganilgan eng katta saboqlardan biri bu Rossiyaning yana shunday qilishidir. 2016 yilgi saylovlar tufayli ular bu ish berganini bilishadi."[147] U shuningdek, Rossiya aralashgani uchun narx to'lashi kerakligini aytdi.[148]

Xabarlarga ko'ra, may oyining boshida, ishdan bo'shatilishidan bir necha kun oldin, Komi Adliya vazirligidan Rossiya tergovi uchun mablag 'va xodimlarning sezilarli darajada ko'payishini so'ragan.[15] 2017 yil 11-may kuni Federal Qidiruv Byurosi direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi Endryu Makkeyb AQSh Senatining Razvedka bo'yicha qo'mitasiga ushbu talabdan bexabarligini aytdi va shunday dedi: "Men buni amalga oshirish uchun etarli resurslarga ega ekanligimizga ishonaman va men ushbu tergovni qayta o'tkazganimizni bilaman. etarli darajada. "[149][150]

Komidan oldin guvohlik berish rejalashtirilgan edi Senatning razvedka qo'mitasi 11 may kuni, ammo u 9 may kuni ishdan bo'shatilgandan so'ng, qo'mita raisi Senator Richard Burr (R-NC) FBI direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi deb aytdi Endryu Makkeyb o'rniga paydo bo'ladi.[151] Komi 8 iyun kuni qo'mita oldida nutq so'zladi.[152][153] Uning tayyorlagan ochilish bayonotlari Razvedka qo'mitasi tomonidan rasmiy tinglovlardan bir kun oldin o'z veb-saytlarida e'lon qilingan.[154][155][156]

Hukumat nazorati

Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlarda ommaviy kuzatuv

2013 yil iyul oyida Federal qidiruv byurosini tasdiqlash bo'yicha Komida AQSh hukumatining nazorat mexanizmlari maxfiylik himoyasiga ega ekanligini aytdi.[157] 2014 yil noyabr oyida Nyu-York Tayms jurnali maqola, Yel tarixchi Beverli Geyjning so'zlariga ko'ra, Komi FBIning telefonni tinglash haqidagi so'rovining nusxasini stolida saqlaydi Martin Lyuter King kichik "byuroning noto'g'ri ishlash qobiliyatini eslatish sifatida".[158]

2016 yilda Komi va uning agentligi ularning so'rovi uchun tanqid qilindi Apple Inc. AQSh kuzatuv agentliklari foydalanishi uchun "orqa eshik" ni o'rnatish. Sobiq NSA va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi direktori Maykl Xeyden "Jim butun dunyo bo'ylab Amerika huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari uchun orqa eshikni bo'lishini xohlaydi. Ochig'ini aytganda, men Amerika xavfsizligi va xavfsizligiga zarar etkazadigan muvozanatni o'ylayman, garchi bu Jimning ishini ba'zi bir muayyan sharoitlarda biroz osonlashtirsa ham. "[159] Komi 2017 yilda kiberxavfsizlik bo'yicha konferentsiyada so'zga chiqib, tinglovchilarga shunday dedi: "Amerikada mutlaqo shaxsiy hayot degan narsa yo'q; sudning qo'lidan tashqarida joy yo'q".[160]

Ishdan bo'shatish

Asosiy maqola: Jeyms Komining ishdan olinishi
Trampning Komini ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risidagi xati

Prezident Tramp 2017 yil 9-mayda, 10 yillik muddatiga 4 yildan kamroq vaqt ichida rasmiy ravishda Komini ishdan bo'shatdi Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori. Komi birinchi marta uning tugatilishi haqida Los-Anjeles dala idorasida agentlarga nutq so'zlayotganda ekranda paydo bo'lgan televizion yangiliklardan xabar topdi.[161] Manbalarning ta'kidlashicha, u ajablanib, ishdan bo'shatilganidan qo'rqib qolgan. Komi darhol Vashingtonga jo'nab ketdi va shu kuni kechqurun Federal qidiruv byurosiga ishga qabul qilish marosimida rejalashtirilgan nutqini bekor qilishga majbur bo'ldi.[162] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Tramp direktor o'rinbosariga qo'ng'iroq qilgan Endryu Makkeyb ertasi kuni nima uchun Komiga ishdan bo'shatilgandan keyin FTB samolyotida Vashingtonga qaytib uchishiga ruxsat berilganligini so'rab.[163]

10-may kuni Komi Federal Qidiruv Byurosi xodimlariga maktub yo'llagan va unda "Men uzoq vaqtdan beri prezident FBI direktorini biron sabab bilan yoki hech qanday sababsiz ishdan bo'shatishi mumkinligiga ishonganman. Men vaqt o'tkazish uchun vaqt sarflamayman qaror yoki qanday amalga oshirilganligi. Umid qilamanki siz ham bo'lmaydi. Bajarildi va men yaxshi bo'laman, garchi sizni va missiyani chuqur sog'inaman. "[164] Senat tomonidan tasdiqlangan FQB direktori bo'lmaganida, Makkeyb avtomatik ravishda direktor vazifasini bajaruvchi bo'ldi.[165]

Ishdan bo'shatish sabablari

Oq uy dastlab otishma tavsiyasiga binoan sodir bo'lganini aytdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining bosh prokurori Jeff Sessions va Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn, ikkalasiga ham Komi xabar bergan.[166] Rozenshteyn Tessga yuborilgan Sessionsga memorandum yuborgan edi, unda Rozenshteyn Komining tergovda tutgan harakatlariga e'tirozlarini sanab o'tdi. Hillari Klintonning elektron pochta xabarlari.[167] Bu Tramp ma'muriyatiga Komining ishdan bo'shatilishini Rozenshteynning Klinton elektron pochta ziddiyati haqidagi tavsiyasi bilan bog'lashga imkon berdi. Keyinchalik ma'lum bo'lishicha, 8 may kuni Tramp Sessions va Rozenshteyndan Komiga qarshi ish yozishda tafsilotlarni so'ragan.[168][169] Rozenshteynning eslatmasi 9-may kuni Trampga etkazilgan va keyinchalik Komini ishdan bo'shatish bo'yicha tavsiyanoma sifatida talqin qilingan, Tramp shu zahotiyoq buni amalga oshirgan. Trampning Komiga yozgan bekor qilish haqidagi xatida u otishni Sessions va Rozenshteynning tegishli xatlari bilan bog'lagan.[170][171] 10-may kuni Tramp jurnalistlarga Komini "yaxshi ishlamayotganligi" sababli ishdan bo'shatganini aytdi.[172] Oq uy matbuot kotibi Sara Xakabi Sanders FBI oddiy xodimlarining Komiga bo'lgan ishonchi yo'qolganini va u "FBIning son-sanoqsiz a'zolaridan ... prezidentning qaroridan minnatdor va minnatdor bo'lganini eshitganini" qo'shimcha qildi.[173]

Ammo 11-mayga qadar Oq uyning vitse-prezidenti ilgari aytgan bayonotlariga zid ravishda Mayk Pens va ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risidagi xatning mazmuni, dedi Prezident Tramp Lester Xolt ichida NBC News Komining ishdan bo'shatilishi aslida "mening qarorim" va "men [Kefini] tavsiyasidan qat'i nazar [Jef Sessions va Rod Rozenshteyn tomonidan] ishdan bo'shatmoqchi edim".[174][175] Keyinchalik Tramp ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risida "Men buni shunchaki bajarishga qaror qildim [Komini ishdan bo'shatish], men o'zimga o'zim aytdim:" Bilasizmi, bu Trump va Rossiya bilan bo'lgan narsa uydirma voqea "."[176] Xuddi shu televizion intervyusida Tramp Komiga "shou qayiq" va "tribuna" deb belgi qo'ydi.

19 may kuni Nyu-York Tayms Trampning ishdan bo'shatilgan kunning ertasiga Rossiya tashqi ishlar vaziri bilan bo'lgan shaxsiy uchrashuvini sarhisob qilgan Oq Uyning rasmiy hujjatidan parchalar e'lon qilindi. Sergey Lavrov va Rossiyaning AQShdagi elchisi, Sergey Kislyak, tasvirlar idorasida. Tramp Kislyak va Lavrovga "shunchaki FQB boshlig'ini ishdan bo'shatdi. U aqldan ozgan, haqiqiy yong'oq ishi" ekanligini aytdi. Tramp: "Men Rossiya tufayli katta bosimga duch keldim. Bu olib tashlandi", deya qo'shimcha qildi va "Men tergov qilinmayapman".[19][177][178][179]

According to reports, Trump had been openly talking to aides about finding a reason to fire Comey for at least a week before both the dismissal and the request of memoranda from Sessions and Rosenstein the day prior. Trump was angry and frustrated when, in the week prior to his dismissal, Comey revealed in Senate testimony the breadth of the counterintelligence investigation into Russia's effort to sway the 2016 U.S. presidential election. He felt Comey was giving too much attention to the Russia probe and not enough to internal leaks to the press from within the government.[171][180] Shortly before Comey was fired, he had requested additional money and resources to further expand the probe into Rossiya prezident sayloviga aralashuvi.[15] Trump had long questioned Comey's loyalty to him personally and Comey's judgment to act accordingly.[170] Moreover, Trump was angry that Comey would not support his claim that President Barak Obama had his campaign offices wiretapped.[180][181]

Documenting meetings with Trump

On May 16, 2017, it was first reported that Comey had prepared a detailed set of notes following every meeting and telephone call he had with President Trump.[182][183]

Reference to tapes

On May 12, Trump tweeted "James Comey better hope that there are no 'tapes' of our conversations before he starts leaking to the press!",[184] which some political and legal analysts, as well as opposition politicians, interpreted as a threat to Comey.[185] On June 8, when asked by the Senatning razvedka qo'mitasi about the existence of tapes, Comey replied "Lordy, I hope there are tapes!" He added that he would have no problem with the public release of any recordings.[186]

On June 22, after the Uy sud tizimi qo'mitasi threatened the White House with a potential sudga chaqiruv for the alleged tapes, Trump issued a tweet stating "I have no idea [...] whether there are 'tapes' or recordings of my conversations with James Comey, but I did not make, and do not have, any such recordings."[187] Hours later, when asked to clarify the inkor etmaslik wording of Trump's tweet regarding the tapes, Principal Deputy White House Press Secretary Sara Xakabi Sanders stated that Trump's tweet was "extremely clear" and that she did "not have anything to add."[188] Questions raised for clarification on Trump's tweet centered principally on whether Trump ever had knowledge of said tapes having ever existed and whether he is simply no longer privy to the knowledge of whether said tapes still exist; whether Trump currently has or ever had knowledge of a person or persons other than Trump having made said tapes or recordings; and whether Trump currently has or ever had knowledge of a person or persons other than Trump currently having or previously having had in their possession said tapes or recordings. AQSh vakili Adam Shiff (D-CA), stated that Trump's tweet "raises as many questions as it answers," and that in any event, the tweet did not comply with the June 23 deadline, and that Schiff would move forward with subpoenas for the tapes, adding that "[r]egardless of whether the President intends his tweets to be an official reply to the House Intelligence Committee, the White House must respond in writing to our committee as to whether any tapes or recordings exist."[189]

On October 4, 2019, allegations of a possible White House recording system resurfaced after House Democrats, who have controlled US House of Representative since the 2018 yilgi saylov, issued a subpoena for White House documents, including any possible audio tapes,[190] quyidagilarga rioya qilish Trump-Ukraina mojarosi, setting the stage for a legal battle which could go as far as the US Supreme Court.[191]

Natijada

Former FBI Director James Comey's memos

Comey's termination was immediately controversial. Bu bilan taqqoslangan Saturday Night massacre, Prezident Richard Nikson 's termination of special prosecutor Arxibald Koks, who had been investigating the Votergeyt bilan bog'liq janjal,[192][193] va firing of Acting Attorney General Sally Yates in January 2017. Many members of Congress expressed concern over the firing and argued that it would put the integrity of the investigation into jeopardy.[194] Critics accused Trump of odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish.[195]

In the dismissal letter, Trump stated that Comey had told him "on three separate occasions that I am not under investigation."[196] Fact checkers reported that while they had no way of knowing what Comey may have told Trump privately, no such assertion was on the public record at that time of Comey directly stating that Trump was not personally under investigation.[197] However, in later Congressional testimony, Comey confirmed that on three occasions he volunteered to Trump that the latter was not personally under FBI investigation.[198][199]

According to Comey associates interviewed by news organizations, Trump had asked Comey in January to pledge loyalty to him, to which Comey demurred, instead offering him "honesty".[139][200] Comey indicated he was willing to testify about his dismissal but only in an open hearing.[201] He declined an invitation from the Senatning razvedka qo'mitasi a. oldida guvohlik berish closed-door session.[201]

On May 11, Acting Director McCabe testified before the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati Razvedka bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang that "Director Comey enjoyed broad support within the FBI and still does" and that "the vast majority of FBI employees enjoyed a deep and positive connection to Director Comey". This contradicted White House spokeswoman Sara Xakabi Sanders, who said she had heard from "countless" FBI agents in support of the firing.[202]

16-may kuni The New York Times revealed the existence of a memo Comey had written after a February 14 meeting with Trump. It said that Trump had asked him to drop the FBI's investigation into Mayk Flinn, who had been fired as National Security Advisor the day before.[203] Comey later explained that he had arranged, through a friend, for the memo to be shared with the press in hope it might prompt the appointment of a special counsel.[204]

On June 8, 2017, Comey gave public testimony to the Senate Intelligence Committee about his firing. When asked why thought he had been fired, he said he had been confused by the shifting explanations for it but that "I take the president at his word that I was fired because of the Russia investigation."[205] He said that he had made contemporaneous notes about several of his conversations with the president because "I was honestly concerned that he might lie about the nature of our meeting so I felt the need to document it."[205] He said he had not done so with the two previous presidents he had served.[iqtibos kerak ]

On April 19, 2018, the Justice Department released 15 pages of documents to Congress which comprise partially declassified eslatmalar that Comey made after his meetings with Trump. The memos were released by Assistant Attorney General Stiven Boyd in both a classified and unclassified versions. The unclassified version was obtained by Mary Clare Jalonick of the Associated Press on April 19 and published the next day.[206][207]

In June 2018, DOJ inspector general Maykl Horovits aytdi Senat Adliya qo'mitasi that he had received a referral from the FBI regarding Comey's release of his Trump meeting memos to Daniel Richman, parts of which were classified "confidential" after the fact.[208] The DOJ decided in July 2019 to not prosecute Comey, with Fox News quoting one official saying, "Everyone at the DOJ involved in the decision said it wasn't a close call. They all thought this could not be prosecuted."[209]

In a second report released August 29, 2019, IG Horowitz found that Comey violated agency policies when he retained a set of memos he wrote documenting meetings with President Donald Trump early in 2017, and caused one of them to be leaked to the press.[21][210] Though Comey is said by the report to have set a "dangerous example" for FBI employees in an attempt to "achieve a personally desired outcome," the Inspector General has found "no evidence that Comey or his attorneys released any of the classified information contained in any of the memos to members of the media", and the Department of Justice declined to prosecute Comey.[21]

Yozuvlar

Macmillan Publishers ' Flatiron Books announced in August 2017 that it had acquired the rights to Comey's first book, A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies and Leadership, in which he discusses ethics, leadership, and his experience in government.[211] Several publishers had submitted bids in an auction conducted by literary agency Javelin.[212][213][214] The release date was moved up from May 1, 2018 to April 17, 2018, due to scrutiny faced by the FBI during the Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi.[215] A month before the book was released, presale orders made it the top seller on Amazon.[216] The boom was attributed to a series of Twitter attacks on Comey by Trump, in which Trump claimed that Comey "knew all about the lies and corruption going on at the highest levels of the FBI!"[217] In response, Comey tweeted, "Mr. President, the American people will hear my story very soon. And they can judge for themselves who is honorable and who is not."[216] Comey's autobiography was well-received, with The New York Times calling it "very persuasive" and describing the book as "absorbing" in its book review,[218] stating "Comey's memoir offers visceral details on a president untethered to truth."[219] Comey confirmed that the Twitter account @projectexile7 (later changed to @formerbu), which uses "Reinxold Nibur " as its display name, is operated by him.[220] Additionally, Comey has written the foreword for a forthcoming biography of Franklin D. Ruzvelt huquqiga ega A Christian and a Democrat: A Religious Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt tomonidan nashr etilgan Uilyam B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.,[221] and authored a second book, Saving Justice: Truth, Transparency, and Trust, which will also be published by Macmillan Publishers' Flatiron Books.[222]

Post-government life

In the summer of 2017, Comey gave the convocation speech and a series of lectures at Xovard universiteti, a tarixiy qora universitet in Washington, D.C., In the fall of 2018, Comey returned to his alma mater, Uilyam va Meri kolleji, to teach a course on ethical leadership. He became an executive professor in education, a non-tenured position at the College. Comey joined assistant professor Drew Stelljes to teach the course during the 2018–2019 academic year.[223]

In February 2019, in the midst of controversy surrounding a qora yuz picture in new Virginia governor Ralf Northam 's medical school yilnoma, and a national debate about the Konfederatsiya yodgorliklari va yodgorliklarini olib tashlash, Comey published an op-ed ichida Vashington Post, suggesting that Virginia should get rid of the Confederate statues in Richmond: "Expressing bipartisan horror at blackface photos is essential, but removing the statues would show all of America that Virginia really has changed."[224]

In a May 2019 op-ed published in the Nyu-York Tayms, as Attorney General William Barr was scheduled to be questioned in congressional hearings, Comey wrote: "Accomplished people lacking inner strength can't resist the compromises necessary to survive Mr. Trump and that adds up to something they will never recover from. It takes character like Mr. Mattis's to avoid the damage, because Mr. Trump eats your soul in small bites."[225] He concluded with, "Of course, to stay, you must be seen as on his team, so you make further compromises. You use his language, praise his leadership, tout his commitment to values. And then you are lost. He has eaten your soul."[226]

In 2020, Comey's tenure as the FBI director has been depicted in the Vaqtni ko'rsat Mini-seriallar Komey qoidasi; u tomonidan tasvirlangan Jeff Deniels.

Partiyaga mansubligi

Comey was a registered Respublika for most of his life. He donated to Senator Jon Makkeyn "s kampaniya ichida 2008 yilgi prezident saylovi and to Governor Mitt Romni "s kampaniya ichida 2012 yilgi prezident saylovi.[227] He disclosed during congressional testimony in July 2016 that he was no longer registered with any party.[1] Bilan intervyuda ABC News in April 2018, Comey said that the Republican Party "left me and many others," and that "these people don't represent anything I believe in."[2] In July 2018, Comey urged voters to vote for Democratic candidates in the 2018 oraliq saylovlari through Twitter. He wrote, "This Republican Congress has proven incapable of fulfilling the Founders' design that 'Ambition must ... counteract ambition. ' All who believe in this country's values must vote for Democrats this fall. Policy differences don't matter right now. History has its eyes on us."[228] He donated to the campaign of Virginia Democratic candidate Jennifer Vekson in the 2018 elections and canvassed for Wexton.[229] U qo'llab-quvvatladi Jo Bayden 2020 yilgi prezident uchun.[230][231]

Shaxsiy hayot

Comey is of Irland descent and was raised in a Rim katolik uy xo'jaligi[26][232] but now belongs to the Birlashgan metodistlar cherkovi qaerda u dars bergan Yakshanba kuni maktab.[233] He is 6 feet 8 inches (2.03 m) tall.[234]

Comey and his wife, Patrice Failor, are the parents of five children,[233] and a son who died in infancy. He has said that he learned to make something good happen after a tragedy.[235][236] Ular ham bo'lgan tarbiyalanuvchi ota-onalar.[237]

Their oldest daughter, Maurene, graduated from Garvard yuridik fakulteti in 2013 and is currently an assistant U.S. attorney ichida Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh prokuraturasi.[238]

Uning kitobida Donald Tramp AQShga qarshi, Michael S. Schmidt revealed that Comey suffered from stage 3 yo'g'on ichak saratoni 2006 yilda.[239]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

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Qo'shimcha o'qish

Tashqi havolalar

Yuridik idoralar
Oldingi
Meri Jo White		 Nyu-Yorkning janubiy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh prokurori
2002–2003		Muvaffaqiyatli
Devid N. Kelley
Oldingi
Larri Tompson		 Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Bosh prokurorining o'rinbosari
2003–2005		Muvaffaqiyatli
Robert Makkalum kichik
Aktyorlik
Davlat idoralari
Oldingi
Robert Myuller		 Federal tergov byurosi direktori
2013–2017		Muvaffaqiyatli
Endryu Makkeyb
Aktyorlik