Trump-Ukraina mojarosi - Trump–Ukraine scandal

Trump-Ukraina mojarosi
AQSh prezidentining iltimosi Donald Tramp (o'ngda) Ukraina Prezidentiga Vladimir Zelenskiy (chapda) tergov qilish uchun Jo Bayden va uning o'g'li janjalga sabab bo'ldi.
Tadbirlar
Ro'yxat Donald Trampning prezidentligi 2019 yil Ukrainada prezident saylovlari Donald Trampga qarshi impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv Donald Trampga impichment e'lon qilish Donald Trampga nisbatan impichment bo'yicha sud jarayoni 2020 yil AQShda prezident saylovi 2020 yilgi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari saylovlariga chet el aralashuvi
Odamlar
oq uy Prezident Donald Tramp Jon Bolton Pam Bondi Tom Bossert Pat Sipollon Fiona tepaligi Charlz Kupperman Mik Mulvani Mayk Pens Toni Sayeg
Adliya vazirligi Maykl Atkinson Uilyam Barr
Davlat departamenti Ulrix Brechbul Ketrin Kroft Devid Xeyl Devid Xolms Jorj Kent Stiv Linik Maykl MakKinli Mayk Pompeo Filipp Riker Gordon Sondlend Bill Teylor Kurt Volker Jennifer Uilyams Mari Yovanovich
Mudofaa vazirligi Laura Kuper Ketrin L. Wheelbarger
Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi Jon Eyzenberg Tim Morrison Aleksandr Vindman
Aql Jozef Maguayr
Kongress Nensi Pelosi Adam Shiff Lindsi Grem Devin Nunes Pit sessiyalari Kashyap Patel Elise Stefanik Jim Jordan
Ukrainlar Vladimir Zelenskiy Andriy Bohdan Dmytro Firtash Serhiy Leshchenko Mikola Zlochevskiy Yuriy Lutsenko
Surrogatlar Rudy Giuliani Jey Sekulow
Olimlar Nuh Feldman Maykl Gerxardt Pamela S. Karlan Jonathan Turley
Bog'liq Hunter Bayden Jo Bayden Igor Fruman Amos Xoxstayn Lev Parnas Rik Perri Jon Sulaymon Rassel Vought Mark Zaid
Kompaniyalar
Ro'yxat Burisma CrowdStrike Naftogaz
Fitna nazariyalari
Ro'yxat Trump-Ukraina mojarosi bilan bog'liq fitna nazariyalari Rossiya tergovi kontr-rivoyatdan kelib chiqadi Spygate

Ushbu maqola qismidir haqida bir qator Donald Tramp
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti Amaldagi prezident Prezidentlik O'tish Inauguratsiya Xronologiya Ijro etuvchi harakatlar e'lonlari afv etish Sayohatlar xalqaro Shimoliy Koreya sammitlari Singapur Xanoy DMZ Xelsinki sammiti O'chirish Yanvar 2018 2018–19 So'rovnomalar Sud ishlari Namoyishlar Avliyo Ioann cherkovining fotosurati Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar Bayonotlarning to'g'riligi Qotilliklar al-Bag'dodiy Soleymani Covid-19 pandemiyasi Vazifa kuchlari Aloqa Hukumatning javobi G'amxo'rlik to'g'risidagi qonun Warp Speed ​​operatsiyasi Oq uyning tarqalishi Ilmiy agentliklarga aralashish Uchrashuvlar Kabinet spekülasyon Elchilar Federal sudyalar Gorsuch Kavanaugh Barret Oliy sudga nomzodlar Ijrochilar AQSh advokatlari Avvalgi Komi Siyosatlar Iqtisodiyot soliq imtiyozlari ACA individual mandatini bekor qilish tariflar Xitoy savdo urushi Atrof muhit Parijdan chiqish Tashqi siyosat Amerika birinchi Eron bitimi Ko'rfaz inqirozi Quddus Golan balandliklari Trampning tinchlik rejasi Ibrohim kelishuvlari BAA Bahrayn Sudan USMCA Kosovo-Serbiya shartnomasi Immigratsiya sayohat qilishga taqiq devor oilaviy ajralish muhojirlarni hibsga olish qo'shinlarni joylashtirish milliy favqulodda holat Infratuzilma Ijtimoiy muammolar nasha Bo'shliq Kosmik kuchlar Impichment Dastlabki harakatlar Trump-Ukraina mojarosi So'rov va tinglovlar Senat sudi Prezidentlik kampaniyalari 2000 boshlang'ich saylovlar 2016 saylov boshlang'ich saylovlar tasdiqlash mitinglar anjuman munozaralar Hech qachon Trump harakati odamlar jinsiy zo'ravonlik ayblovlari Gollivudga kirish lenta da'volarni tinglash Spygate 2020 saylov boshlang'ich saylovlar tasdiqlash siyosiy siyosiy bo'lmagan muxolifat mitinglar anjuman munozaralar Saylovdagi firibgarliklar to'g'risidagi da'volarga GOP reaktsiyalari Rossiya bilan o'zaro aloqalar Rossiyadagi biznes loyihalar Saylovga aralashish vaqt jadvali 2016 yil iyulidan oldin 2016 yil iyul - saylov kuni mavzular Associatesning Rossiya rasmiylari bilan aloqalari Po'lat hujjatlar Trump minorasi uchrashuvi Maxfiy ma'lumotlarni oshkor qilish Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi Crossfire dovuli ayblovlar Myullerning hisoboti Barr xati Senatning Razvedka qo'mitasi Rossiya hisoboti Ish va shaxsiy Biznes martaba Tramp tashkiloti boylik soliq deklaratsiyalari Media karerasi Shogird Kitoblar Filmografiya Eponimlar Oila Jamg'arma Ajdodlar Golf Hurmat Ommaviy madaniyatda SNL parodiyalar Huquqiy ishlar Bo'ronli Daniels Taxalluslar Taxalluslar Irqiy qarashlar Turar joylar

Bu maqola balki juda uzoq qulay o'qish va navigatsiya qilish. Iltimos, ko'rib chiqing bo'linish tarkibni kichik maqolalarga, kondensatsiya uni qo'shish yoki qo'shish pastki sarlavhalar. (May 2020)

The Trump-Ukraina mojarosi edi a siyosiy janjal AQSh prezidentining sa'y-harakatlarini o'z ichiga olgan Qo'shma Shtatlarda Donald Tramp majburlamoq Ukraina va boshqa xorijiy davlatlar o'sha paytdagi zararli rivoyatlar bilan ta'minlashda2020 yil Demokratik partiyadan prezidentlikka nomzod Jo Bayden bilan bog'liq noto'g'ri ma'lumotlar Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi. Tramp surrogatlarni ichkaridan va tashqaridan jalb qildi uning rasmiy ma'muriyati shu jumladan uning shaxsiy advokati Rudy Giuliani va Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr, Ukrainani va boshqa xorijiy hukumatlarni Amerika siyosatiga oid fitna nazariyalarini qo'llab-quvvatlashda hamkorlik qilishni talab qilish.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} Trump blokirovka qildi, ammo keyinchalik Kongress tomonidan 400 million dollarlik harbiy yordam paketini to'lash uchun go'yoki olish uchun ozod qildi quid pro quo Ukraina prezidentidan hamkorlik Vladimir Zelenskiy. Oq uy va. O'rtasida bir qator aloqalar o'rnatildi Ukraina hukumati, Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasida 2019 yil 25 iyulda bo'lib o'tgan telefon qo'ng'irog'i bilan yakunlandi.^[1][2][3][6]

Ushbu janjal 2019 yil sentyabr oyining o'rtalarida a hushtakboz shikoyat 2019 yil avgustda qilingan.^[7] Shikoyat Trampning prezident vakolatlarini so'rash uchun ishlatishi bilan bog'liq xavotirlarni kuchaytirdi xorijiy saylov aralashuvi ichida 2020 yil AQShda prezident saylovi.^[8] Oq Uy, xabar bergan shaxs tomonidan ilgari surilgan bir nechta da'volarni tasdiqladi. Tramp - Zelenskiy qo'ng'irog'ining so'zma-so'z bo'lmagan stenogrammasi Tramp Jo Bayden va uning o'g'li ustidan tergov o'tkazilishini so'raganligini tasdiqladi Hunter Bayden, shuningdek Demokratik Milliy Qo'mita serveri bilan bog'liq fitna nazariyasi, bir necha bor Zelenskiyni ushbu masalalarda Giuliani va Barr bilan ishlashga chaqirgan.^[9][10] Oq uy, shuningdek, qo'ng'iroq yozuvlari juda cheklangan tizimda saqlanganligini tasdiqladi.^[11][12]

Ilgari kadrlar boshqarmasi boshlig'i vazifasini bajaruvchi Mik Mulvani Tramp Ukrainaga harbiy yordamni berkitib qo'yganining bir sababi ukrainaliklar Rossiyani tuzib chiqqan degan buzuq nazariyaga ishora qilib, Ukrainaning "DNC-server bilan bog'liq korruptsiya" ekanligini aytdi. DNC-ga kirish kompyuter tizimi.^[13] Tramp, shuningdek, ommaviy ravishda Ukraina va Xitoyni Bidensni tekshirishni talab qildi.^[14] Trump ma'muriyatining Ukrainadagi bosh diplomati, Bill Teylor, unga Ukrainaga AQShning harbiy yordami va Tramp-Zelenskiy Oq uy uchrashuvi Zelenskiy Bidens ustidan tergov o'tkazilishini va Ukrainaning 2016 yildagi AQSh saylovlariga aralashganligini ochiq e'lon qilishi sharti bilan aytilganligini ko'rsatdi.^[15] AQShning Evropa Ittifoqidagi elchisi Gordon Sondlend Giuliani bilan Trampning "ekspres yo'nalishi" da ishlaganiga guvohlik berdi quid pro quo Ukraina hukumati bilan.^[16]

2019 yil 24 sentyabrda Vakillar palatasi rasmiy ravishda boshlandi Trampga nisbatan impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv, oltita uy qo'mitasi boshchiligida.^[17] 2019 yil 31 oktyabrda Vakillar Palatasi impichment bo'yicha surishtiruvning navbatdagi bosqichi bo'yicha ko'rsatmalarni tasdiqlash uchun ovoz berdi.^[18] Tramp o'z lavozim vakolatidan suiiste'mol qilish va Kongressga to'sqinlik qilishda ayblanib, impichment e'lon qilindi,^[19] lekin oxir-oqibat edi Senat tomonidan oqlandi.^[20]

Impichment surishtiruvi doirasida 2019 yil 3-dekabr kuni Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi 300 sahifadan iborat hisobotni chop etib, "impichment bo'yicha surishtiruvda Prezident Tramp shaxsan o'zi va AQSh hukumati ichidagi va tashqarisidagi agentlar orqali harakat qilib, uning qayta saylanishiga foyda keltirish uchun Ukrainaning chet el hukumati aralashuvini so'raganligi aniqlandi. Buni davom ettirishda Prezident Tramp Ukrainaning yangi prezidenti Vladimir Zelenskiy tomonidan siyosiy motivlar bilan olib borilgan tekshiruvlar, shu jumladan Trampning ichki siyosiy muxoliflaridan biri Djo Baydenga nisbatan o'tkazilgan tekshiruvlarning ommaviy e'lon qilinishi asosida rasmiy harakatlarni shartlashtirdi. Prezident Zelenskiyga o'z talabini bajarish uchun bosim o'tkazishda Tramp Ukraina prezidenti umid bilan umid qilgan Oq Uydagi uchrashuvni va AQShning jangovar kurash uchun tanqidiy yordamini yashirgan Ukrainaning sharqidagi Rossiya tajovuzi."^[21]:8 2020 yil yanvar oyida Davlatning hisobdorligi idorasi, partiyasiz kuzatuvchi tashkilot, Oq uy Kongress tomonidan tasdiqlangan Ukrainaga harbiy yordamni ushlab qolish bilan federal qonunni buzgan degan xulosaga keldi.^[22]

Fon

Ukraina prezidenti Vladimir Zelenskiy

Janjal qachon paydo bo'ldi a hushtakboz Xabarda aytilishicha, Prezident Tramp Ukraina prezidentidan so'ragan Vladimir Zelenskiy tergov qilish uchun 2019 yil iyul oyida Jo Bayden, Trampning siyosiy raqibi 2020 yilgi prezident saylovlari, uning o'g'li Hunter Bayden va kompaniya CrowdStrike, bu masalalarni Trampning shaxsiy advokati bilan muhokama qilish Rudy Giuliani va Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr.^[23][24] Ayblovlar Oq uy tomonidan chiqarilgan suhbatning so'zma-so'z bo'lmagan xulosasi bilan tasdiqlandi.^[9][10][25] Tramp Zelenskiyga "biz vitse-prezident Bayden va uning o'g'li singari odamlarimiz Ukrainadagi korrupsiyaga hissa qo'shishini xohlamaymiz" deb aytganini tan oldi.^[26] Xabar beruvchiga ko'ra, bu chaqiriq Tramp, uning ma'muriyati va Djuliani tomonidan Ukrainani Bidenlarni tekshirishda bosim o'tkazishga qaratilgan keng ko'lamli kampaniyaning bir qismi bo'lgan, bunda Tramp vitse-prezident tomonidan Trampning Ukrainaga rejalashtirilgan safarini bekor qilishi mumkin. Mayk Pens va Tramp 400 dollarni ushlab qoldi Ukrainadan millionlab harbiy yordam.^[27][28][29]

Tramp-Zelenskiy qo'ng'irog'i tugaganidan so'ng, Oq uyning milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha yordamchilari kamida chuqur muammolarni muhokama qildilar. Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi (NSC) rasmiy Oq uyning milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha advokatlarini ogohlantirmoqda.^[30][31] Davlat departamentining Ukrainadagi vakili va ukrainalik amaldor o'rtasidagi SMS-xabar elchining Oq Uydan Zelenskiyning Tramp bilan tashrifi Ukrainaning tekshiruviga bog'liqligini tushunishini ko'rsatdi. da'vo qilingan Ukraina aralashuvi haqidagi fitna nazariyasi ichida 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi.^[32]

Tramp-Zelenskiy qo'ng'iroqlarining yozuvlari prezident qo'ng'iroqlari stenogrammasi saqlanadigan tizimdan hukumatning eng sirli sirlari uchun saqlanadigan tizimga o'tkazildi.^[11][27][33] Tramp ma'muriyati xuddi shu tarzda Trampning Xitoy rahbarlari bilan suhbatlari yozuvlariga kirishni cheklab qo'ygan edi,^[34] Rossiya, Saudiya Arabistoni,^[35] va Avstraliya.^[2] Keyinchalik, ushbu joylashtirish milliy xavfsizlik sababli emas, balki siyosiy sabablarga ko'ra amalga oshirilganligi aniqlandi.^[36]

Xabar beruvchilarning birinchi shikoyati 2019 yil 12 avgustda berilgan Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi zobit Oq uyga batafsil ma'lumot berdi.^[37] Bu "ba'zi bir taxmin qilingan xatti-harakatlar to'g'risida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'lumotlarga" va "AQShning o'n yarim amaldorlari" ning hisob-kitoblariga asoslangan edi.^[38][39] Shikoyat oxir-oqibat 2019 yil 25-sentyabrda Kongress razvedka qo'mitalariga yuborildi,^[40] va shikoyatning qayta ko'rib chiqilgan versiyasi ertasi kuni ommaga e'lon qilindi.^[41] 2019 yil 6 oktyabrda advokat Mark Zaid ikkinchi rasmiy xabar beruvchi, u bilan gaplashgan, bilvosita ma'lumotga ega bo'lgan razvedka xodimi mavjudligini e'lon qildi razvedka hamjamiyatining bosh inspektori ammo tergov bilan shug'ullanadigan Kongress qo'mitalari bilan hali bog'lanmagan edi.^[42]

Shubhali xabarning shikoyati jo'natuvchiga murojaat qilishga sabab bo'ldi Jinoyat ishlari bo'yicha Adliya boshqarmasi. 25 sentyabr kuni Adliya departamenti vakili Kerri Kupec bo'linma "masalani tugatgan" deb e'lon qildi va chaqiriq kampaniyani moliyalashtirish qoidabuzarligini anglatmasligini aniqladi.^[43][44][45] 3-oktabr kuni Tramp Xitoy va Ukrainani Jo va Hunter Baydenni tergov qilishga chaqirgandan keyin,^[46] Federal saylov komissiyasi (FEC) kafedrasi Ellen Vayntraub yana bir bor ta'kidladiki, "har qanday shaxs AQSh saylovlari bilan bog'liq ravishda chet el fuqarosidan biron bir narsani talab qilishi, qabul qilishi yoki olishi noqonuniy hisoblanadi".^[47]

Tramp barcha qonunbuzarliklarni rad etdi.^[48] U Ukrainadan yordamni yashirganligini tasdiqladi va buning uchun bir-biriga zid sabablarni taklif qildi. Tramp avval buni Ukrainadagi korruptsiya sababli ushlab qolinganini da'vo qilgan, ammo keyinchalik buni boshqa davlatlar, shu jumladan Evropadagi davlatlar ham Ukrainaga etarlicha yordam bermayotganligi sababli aytgan.^[49][50][51] Evropa Ittifoqi tashkilotlari Ukrainaga 2016-17 yillarda AQShga qaraganda ikki baravar ko'proq yordam ko'rsatdi,^[52][53] va Trumpning byudjet taklifi AQSh tashabbuslaridan milliardlab dollarlarni qisqartirishga intildi korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish va islohotlarni rag'batlantirish Ukrainada va boshqa joylarda.^[54]

Tramp bir necha bor hushtak chaluvchiga hujum qildi va xabar beruvchi haqida ma'lumot izladi.^[55][56] 2019 yil oktabrda AQSh "ulkan kuchga" ega ekanligini eslatib o'tgandan keyin Xitoy bilan savdo urushi "agar ular biz xohlagan narsani qilmasa", Tramp ochiqchasiga Ukraina va Xitoyni Bidensni tekshirishga chaqirdi.^[14] 2019 yil oktyabr oyidan boshlab, Tender ishtirokchilari tomonidan qilingan biron bir noqonuniy xatti-harakatlar to'g'risida hech qanday dalil yo'q.^{[57][kimga ko'ra? ]} Tramp, uning tarafdorlari va o'ng ommaviy axborot vositalari Ukraina, Bidenlar, hushtakbozlar va 2016 yilgi saylovlarga chet el aralashuvi.^[58][59][60] Tomonidan hibsga olingan 9-oktabr kuni janjal ko'lami kengaygan Federal qidiruv byurosi Giulianining AQSh va Ukrainadagi siyosiy va tijorat ishlarida qatnashgan ikki mijozidan,^[61] Ikki kundan keyin Giulianining o'zi federal tergov ostida bo'lganligi haqidagi yangiliklar.^{[62][yangilanishga muhtoj ]}

Prezident Donald Tramp

Ushbu janjal oshkor bo'lishidan oldin, AQSh prezidenti Donald Tramp o'zining siyosiy raqiblari to'g'risida tashqi razvedka ma'lumotlarini qabul qilishini ko'rsatdi. 2019 yil iyun oyida Tramp intervyu oldi Jorj Stefanopulos, kim so'radi: "Agar chet elliklar, agar Rossiya, agar Xitoy, agar kimdir sizga raqib haqida ma'lumot taqdim qilsa, ular buni qabul qilishlari kerakmi yoki FQBga qo'ng'iroq qilishlari kerakmi?" Tramp bunga javoban: "O'ylaymanki, siz ikkalangizni ham qilasiz. Menimcha, siz tinglashni xohlashingiz mumkin. Yo'q. Tinglashda yomon narsa yo'q. Agar kimdir Norvegiyadan qo'ng'iroq qilsa, biz sizning raqibingiz haqida ma'lumotga egamiz. Oh. Menimcha Men buni eshitishni xohlardim. "^[63] Tramp buni aytgandan so'ng, Federal saylov komissiyasi raisi Ellen Vayntraub amerikaliklarga federal qonunga binoan quyidagilarni eslatib qo'ydi: "Biron bir odam AQSh bilan aloqada chet el fuqarosidan iltimos qilishi, qabul qilishi yoki oladigan narsasi noqonuniy hisoblanadi. saylov. "^[64] Ilgari 2016 yil iyulida, Trump hali ham nomzod bo'lgan 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi, u iltimos qildi: "Rossiya, agar tinglayotgan bo'lsangiz, umid qilamanki topa olasiz Yo'qolgan 30.000 elektron pochta xabarlari "2016 yildan Demokratik prezidentlikka nomzod Hillari Klinton elektron pochta serveri.^[65][66]

Ukraina va Bidenlar

2014 yilda Obama ma'muriyati lavozimiga diplomatik yordam ko'rsatishga uringan2014 yilgi Ukraina inqilobi Yatsenyuk hukumati Ukrainada va o'sha paytdagi vitse-prezident Jo Bayden bu harakatlarning "boshida" bo'lgan.^[67] Baydenning o'g'li Hunter Bayden ning direktorlar kengashiga qo'shildi Burisma Holdings, Ukrainaning energetika kompaniyasi, 2014 yil 18 aprelda.^[68][69][70] Ovchi, keyin advokat Boies Schiller Flexner, Burisma-ga yordam berish uchun yollangan Korporativ boshqaruv eng yaxshi amaliyotlar va Hunter sherigi bo'lgan konsalting firmasi ham Burisma tomonidan saqlanib qoldi.^[68][71][72] 2015 yil dekabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida Djo Bayden Xanterning Burismadagi ijodini hech qachon muhokama qilmaganligini aytdi.^[73] Jo Bayden Ukraina poytaxtiga sayohat qildi Kiyev 2014 yil 21 aprelda va Ukraina hukumatini "uning miqdorini kamaytirishga chaqirdi tabiiy gaz etkazib berish bo'yicha Rossiyaga bog'liqlik ".^[74][75] U Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tabiiy gaz ishlab chiqarishni kengaytirish bo'yicha texnik tajribani taqdim etishda qanday yordam berishi mumkinligini muhokama qildi.^[74]

2012 yildan beri Ukraina bosh prokurori Burisma egasi, oligarxni tergov qilgan Mikola Zlochevskiy, da'volari ustidan pul yuvish, soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash va korruptsiya.^[68] 2015 yilda, Viktor Shokin tergovni meros qilib olgan bosh prokurorga aylandi. Obama ma'muriyati, boshqa hukumatlar va nodavlat tashkilotlar tez orada Shokin Ukrainada korruptsiyani etarlicha ta'qib qilmayotgani, siyosiy elitani himoya qilayotgani va "korruptsiyaga qarshi kurashish uchun to'siq" sifatida qaralayotganidan xavotirga tushdi.^[76][77] Boshqa masalalar qatori, u Zlochevskiy va Burisma bo'yicha tergovni asta-sekinlik bilan olib bordi, shu darajada Obama ma'muriyati rasmiylari kompaniyada pul yuvish mumkinligi sababli o'zlarining jinoiy ishlarini boshlashni o'ylaydilar.^[68] Shokin Xitter Baydenning predmeti bo'lgan Burisma tergovi tufayli ishdan bo'shatilganiga ishonishini aytdi. Biroq, Shokin ishdan bo'shatilgan paytda ushbu tergov harakatsiz edi.^[73][78] 2015 yil dekabrda o'sha paytdagi vitse-prezident Bayden Kiyevga tashrif buyurgan va Ukraina hukumatiga 1 dollar haqida xabar bergan Korrupsiyaga qarshi islohotlar amalga oshirilmaguncha, shu jumladan Shokinni olib tashlamaguncha, milliardlab kreditlar bo'yicha kafolatlar ushlab qolinadi.^[79] Ukraina parlamenti 2016 yil mart oyida Shokinni ishdan bo'shatish uchun ovoz bergan.^[79][80] Qo'shimcha islohotlar amalga oshirilgandan so'ng, 3-iyun kuni kreditlar bo'yicha kafolatlar nihoyat tasdiqlandi.^[79]

Vaqtida, Ukrainadagi korruptsiya Respublikachilar senatorlari bilan AQShda ikki partiyaviy tashvishga sabab bo'lgan Rob Portman, Mark Kirk va Ron Jonson birgalikda imzolash a Senatning Ukraina kokusi 2016 yil fevralida o'sha paytdagi prezident Poroshenkoni islohotlarni amalga oshirishga, shu jumladan "Bosh prokuraturaga tezkor islohotlarni boshlashga" chaqirgan xat.^[81] Bayden korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish maqsadida Shokinni nishonga olishda yolg'iz emas edi; unga boshqa Evropa va AQSh rasmiylari qo'shildi. AQShning Ukrainadagi sobiq elchisi Geoffrey Pyatt va davlat kotibining yordamchisi Viktoriya Nuland ikkalasi ham 2015 yilda Shokinning idorasi korrupsiyani yo'q qila olmasligini aytgan. 2016 yil mart oyida guvohlik berish Senatning tashqi aloqalar qo'mitasi, Ukrainadagi sobiq elchi Jon E. Xerbst "2015 yil kuzining oxiriga kelib, Evropa Ittifoqi va Qo'shma Shtatlar janob Shokinni olib tashlashni istaganlar xoriga qo'shilishdi" va Jo Bayden "bu haqda dekabr oyida Kiyevga tashrifi oldidan va paytida gapirib berdi".

Xuddi shu eshitish paytida Nuland "biz keyingi 1 milliard dollarlik kredit kafolatlarimizni, avvalambor, kim bilan ishlayotganimizni bilishimiz uchun islohot koalitsiyasini qayta ishga tushirishga bog'ladik, lekin ikkinchidan, Bosh prokurorning ofis tozalanadi. "^[82] Ayni paytda, Ukrainadagi norozilik namoyishlari Shokinni olib tashlashni talab qilmoqda va Xalqaro valyuta fondi (XVJ) Ukrainadagi korruptsiya nuqtai nazaridan 40 milliard dollarlik yordamni kechiktirish bilan tahdid qildi.^[83] Anders Islund, rezidenti katta ishchi Atlantika kengashi, "G'arb jamoatchiligining barchasi Shokinning ishdan bo'shatilishini xohlashdi ... Butun G-7, XVF, YeTTB [Evropa tiklanish va taraqqiyot banki ], Shokinning borishi kerakligi haqida hamma birlashdi va bu so'zlovchi Jo Bayden edi. "^[76] The Yevropa Ittifoqi oxir-oqibat Shokinning idorasidagi tekshiruvlarning "aniq natijalari yo'qligi" sababli, shuningdek Shokinning idorasidagi odamlar o'zlari tergov qilinayotganligi sababli ishdan bo'shatilishini maqtashdi.^[84]

Hunter Bayden 2013 yilda

2019 yil 16 maydan boshlab, Bosh prokuratura Bayden va uning o'g'lini korrupsiyada ayblanib tozalaganida,^[85][86] Baydenning o'g'lining Burisma bilan aloqasini himoya qilish uchun harakat qilganligi haqida hech qanday dalil yo'q, garchi Trump, Giuliani va ularning ittifoqchilari spekülasyonları kuchaytirgan bo'lsa.^[71][87][88] Shokinning vorisi, Yuriy Lutsenko, dastlab Burismaga qarshi keskin pozitsiyani oldi, ammo bir yil ichida Lutsenko Zlochevskiyga qarshi barcha sud jarayonlari va jinoiy ayblovlar "to'liq yopiq" ekanligini e'lon qildi.^[68] 2014 yilga tegishli tergov jarayonida Birlashgan Qirollik, Buyuk Britaniya hukumati Zlochevskiy bilan bog'langan Buyuk Britaniyadagi bank hisob raqamlarini muzlatib qo'ydi; ammo, keyinchalik dalillar yo'qligi sababli tergov yopildi.^[89] Lutsenko 2019 yil may oyida Bidenlarning qonunbuzarliklari to'g'risida hech qanday dalil yo'qligini aytdi, ammo u Amerika prokurorlari Xanter Bayden AQSh soliqlarini to'lagan-qilmaganligini tekshirib ko'rishlari uchun Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barrga Burisma bortidagi to'lovlar to'g'risida ma'lumot berishni rejalashtirgan edi.^[85]

2019 yil noyabrda senator Rand Pol hushtakboz "Hunter Bayden va Djo Baydenning mumkin bo'lgan korrupsiyasining moddiy guvohi" ekanligini ta'kidlab, "hushtak tarqatuvchi] biz bilganimiz uchun Jo Bayden bilan Ukrainaga borgan bo'lishi mumkin" deya tergovchilarni hushtakdoshni chaqirishga chaqirdi. Uning da'volarini tasdiqlovchi dalillarni so'raganda, Pol "biz so'ramasak bilmaymiz" deb javob berdi. Senator Lindsi Grem, Senat Adliya qo'mitasi kafedra, bunga javoban “Uning aytishiga nima asos bor? U bizga aytishi kerak ... Siz [Kongress] a'zolaridan: "Siz bu yigitni chaqirmoqchimisiz?" U shunday bo'lishi mumkin, u shunday bo'lishi mumkin ».^[90]

Rudy Giuliani

2019 yil may oyidan boshlab Giuliani Ukraina Prezidenti Vladimir Zelenskiyni, Ukrainaning yangi saylangan prezidenti Burismani tekshirishni, shuningdek, Ukraina tergovida qonunbuzarliklar mavjudligini tekshirishni talab qilmoqda. Pol Manafort. 7-may kuni Zelenskiy va uning bir guruh maslahatchilari Tramp va Julianining bosimiga qanday javob qaytarish va ichki Amerika siyosatiga aralashmaslikning oldini olish uchun uch soatlik uchrashuv o'tkazdilar.^[91] Giuliani, izlagan tergovlari uning mijozi bo'lgan Prezident Tramp uchun foydali bo'lishini va uning harakatlari Trampni to'liq qo'llab-quvvatlaganini aytdi.^[92] Giulianining sa'y-harakatlari Trampga kechirilgan Manafortni kechirishi uchun qopqoq berishga urinish sifatida boshlandi sakkizta og'ir jinoyat ishi bo'yicha sudlangan 2018 yil avgust oyida.^[93]

10-may kuni Juliani Ukrainaga rejalashtirilgan sayohatini bekor qildi, chunki u saylangan prezident Zelenskiyni Hunter Baydenga nisbatan surishtiruv olib borishga undaydi, shuningdek demokratlar Manafort haqida ma'lumot tarqatish uchun ukrainaliklar bilan til biriktirganmi yoki yo'qmi.^[94][95] Giuliani beshta ukrainalikning 2016 yil yanvar oyida Obama Oq uyiga olib kirilgani va "Tramp va Manafortga axloqsizlik bilan kiringlar" deb aytganliklari to'g'risida qasamyod qilganini da'vo qilmoqda, garchi u da'vo uchun dalil keltirmasa ham.^[96] Djuliani u sayohatni bekor qilganini, chunki uning harakatlariga qarshi bo'lgan ukrainaliklar uni "o'rnatgan" va demokratlarni safarni "aylantirishga" urinishda ayblashdi. Giuliani Ukraina rasmiylari bilan 2019 yil iyun va 2019 yil avgust oylarida tergov o'tkazish uchun bosim o'tkazish uchun uchrashdi.^[97]

2019 yilning may oyidayoq Tramp Djuliani bilan ishlash uchun Zelenskiy bilan uchrashuv tashkil etishga urinayotgan Davlat departamenti rasmiylariga ko'rsatma bergan. Ushbu uslubda Giuliani darvozabon sifatida tashkil etish rasmiy kanallarni chetlab o'tdi.^{[98][Qanaqasiga? ]}

Liberal qo'riqchi guruhi "American Oversight" ning taklifiga javoban,^[99] 23-oktabr kuni federal sudya Davlat departamentiga Ukrainaga tegishli yozuvlarni, shu jumladan o'rtasidagi aloqalarni ozod qilish uchun 30 kun muhlat berdi Davlat kotibi Mayk Pompeo va Rudi Giuliani.^[100] 22-noyabr kuni Davlat departamenti Gordon Sondlandning Kongressning Pompeoning Giulianining Ukraina bilan bog'liq faoliyatida ishtirok etganligi haqidagi guvohligini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi ichki elektron pochta xabarlari va hujjatlarini e'lon qildi. Hujjatlarda, shuningdek, Davlat departamenti Yovanovichni elchi lavozimidan chetlatish asoslari to'g'risida Kongressni atayin aldaganligi ko'rsatilgan.^[99]

Zelenskiy bilan suhbat chog'ida Tramp shunday dedi: "Men [Giuliani] dan sizni bosh prokuror bilan birga qo'ng'iroq qilishini so'rayman. Rudi nima bo'layotganini juda yaxshi biladi va u juda qobiliyatli yigit. Agar u bilan gaplashsangiz juda yaxshi bo'lar edi. "^[101] Noyabr oyida Trump Giuliani-ni Ukrainaga borishga yo'naltirganini rad etdi,^[102] ammo uning impichmenti oqlanganidan bir necha kun o'tgach, u buni tan oldi.^[103] Giuliani sentyabr oyida "Men qilgan hamma narsa mijozimni himoya qilish edi" deb ta'kidlagan edi.^[104]

Naftogaz

Zelenskiyning inauguratsiya marosimida Zelenskiy bilan sobiq energetika kotibi Rik Perri, 2019 yil may

2019 yil mart oyidan boshlab, Giuliani Ukraina ma'muriyatini Bidensni tergov qilish uchun bosim o'tkazayotganda, bir guruh ishbilarmonlar va respublika donorlari Tramp va Juliani bilan aloqalaridan foydalanib, Ukrainaning davlat neft va gaz kompaniyasi rahbariyatini almashtirishga harakat qilishdi. Naftogaz. Guruh Trampning ittifoqchilariga tegishli korxonalarga Naftogaz shartnomalarini berishga intildi, ammo Volodymyr Zelensky g'alaba qozonganida, bu harakatlar muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi. 2019 yilgi Ukraina Prezidenti saylovi.^[105] May oyida Prezident Zelenskiyning inauguratsiyasi uchun davlat tashrifi paytida, avvalgi Energetika kotibi Rik Perri Xabarlarga ko'ra, Prezident Zelenskiyga Naftogaz kuzatuv kengashi a'zolarini ishdan bo'shatish uchun bosim o'tkazgan,^[105] ammo Perri buni rad etdi va 7-oktabr kuni bo'lib o'tgan matbuot anjumanida: "Bu umuman orzu qilingan voqea edi".^[106] 10-oktabr kuni Perriga sud tomonidan chaqiruv qog'ozi berildi Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, Uylarni nazorat qilish qo'mitasi, va Vakillar palatasining Xalqaro aloqalar qo'mitasi qisman uning Naftogaz bilan o'zaro aloqalariga tegishli.^{[107][108][109]}

The Wall Street Journal Perrining rejalashtirganligi haqida xabar berdi Amos Xoxstayn, Obama ma'muriyatining sobiq rasmiysi, boshqaruv kengashi a'zosi sifatida almashtirildi Naftogaz respublika manfaatlariga mos keladigan kishi bilan. Perri bu xabarlarni rad etdi.^[110][111]

Dmytry Firtash

Dmytry Firtash a Ukraina oligarxi tabiiy gaz sohasida taniqli kim. 2017 yilda Adliya vazirligi uni "Rossiya uyushgan jinoyatchiligining yuqori eşeloni (sherigi)" sifatida tavsifladi.^[112] Besh yildan beri Avstriyaning Vena shahrida yashab, u pora va reket ayblovlari bilan AQShga ekstraditsiya qilish bilan kurashadi va ayblovlarni olib tashlashni istaydi. Firtashning advokatlari Ukrainaga Jo Bayden tomonidan etkazilgan Ukrainaning sobiq bosh prokurori Viktor Shokindan sentyabr oyida bir nechta davlatlar va nodavlat tashkilotlarning bosimi ostida majburan chiqarilgan bayonotini olishdi. Shokin bayonotda Bayden aslida Burisma bo'yicha tergovni to'xtatishni rad etgani uchun uni ishdan bo'shatganini ta'kidladi. O'zini "hech qanday aloqasi yo'q" deb hisoblaydigan va Firtash bilan "hech qachon uchrashmagan va u bilan gaplashmagan" deb hisoblagan Giuliani, bu bayonotni Bidenlarning qonunbuzarliklarini tasdiqlovchi dalil sifatida targ'ib qildi. Giuliani CNN telekanaliga bergan intervyusida, Bidenlar haqida ma'lumot qidirayotgan paytda Nyu-York shahrida ikki soat davomida Firtash advokati bilan uchrashganini aytdi.^{[113][114][115]}

Firtashni Tramp va Djuliani sheriklari namoyish etadi Jozef diGenova va uning rafiqasi Viktoriya Tensing, ularni Parnas tavsiyasi bilan yollagan. The New York Times Noyabr oyida Giuliani Parnasni Firtashga tavsiyanomasi bilan Firtashga yaqinlashishga ko'rsatma berganligi, Firtash Bayden bo'yicha xiralashgan ma'lumotlarni taqdim etishda yordam berishi mumkinligi haqidagi taklifni, Parnasning advokati "[Firtashning] ekstraditsiya masalasi bo'yicha har qanday mumkin bo'lgan qarorning bir qismi" ekanligini aytdi.^[116] Shokinning bayonotida u "Dmitriy Firtash uchun harakat qilayotgan advokatlarning iltimosiga binoan" tayyorlanganligi qayd etilgan.^[113][117] Bloomberg yangiliklari 2019 yil yozida Firtashning sheriklari Giulianidan Firtashning huquqiy masalalari bo'yicha yordam so'rab, shuningdek iyul oyida diGenova va Toensingni yollash maqsadida Bidenlarga axloqsizlik qazishni boshladilar. Bloomberg yangiliklari Shuningdek, uning manbalariga ko'ra, Djulianining Shokin bayonotini ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilishi, Adliya vazirligining Firtashga qo'yilgan ayblovlarni bekor qilish imkoniyatini ancha pasaytirgan, chunki bu siyosiy ko'rinishga ega bo'lishi mumkin. quid pro quo.^[118]

O'sha kuni, The New York Times bir necha hafta oldin, uning sheriklari Parnas va Frumanga nisbatan ayblov e'lon qilinishidan oldin, Giuliani Adliya vazirligining jinoiy va firibgarlik bo'limlari bilan rasmiylar bilan uchrashib, Giuliani o'zining mijoziga aloqador "o'ta, o'ta sezgir" xorijiy poraxo'rlik ishi sifatida tavsiflagan. Uchrashuvda Barr ham ishtirok etdi.^[119] The Times ish kimga aloqadorligini aytmadi, ammo hikoya nashr etilganidan ko'p o'tmay Juliani muxbirga bu Firtash emasligini aytdi.^[120][121] Ikki kundan so'ng, Adliya vazirligi, agar uning sheriklari tergov ostida bo'lganini bilsalar, uning rasmiylari Juliani bilan uchrashmasligini aytdi. SDNY.^[122] diGenova bosh prokuror Bill Barrni o'ttiz yildan beri bilishini aytdi, chunki ikkalasi ham Reygan / Bush adliya vazirligida ishlagan.^[123] Washington Post 22 oktabr kuni ular Firtash vakili bo'lishni boshlaganlaridan so'ng, Tensing va diGenova Barr bilan kamdan-kam yuzma-yuz uchrashib, Firtash ayblovlari bekor qilinishi kerakligi haqida xabar berishdi.^[124] Avgust oyining o'rtalarida bo'lib o'tgan uchrashuvdan oldin Barr Adliya vazirligiga yuborilgan Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasidagi hushtakbuzar haqidagi dastlabki shikoyati va Giulianining Ukrainadagi faoliyati to'g'risida batafsil ma'lumot olgan edi. Barr Firtash ishiga aralashishdan bosh tortdi.^[116]

Firtash o'zining boyligini rus firmasidan Ukrainaga tabiiy gaz importi bilan olib keldi Gazprom.^[125] Jo Bayden vitse-prezident sifatida Ukraina hukumatini Firtash kabi vositachilarni mamlakat tabiiy gaz sanoatidan chiqarib tashlashga va mamlakatning Rossiya tabiiy gazi importiga bo'lgan bog'liqligini kamaytirishga chaqirgan edi. Firtash Tender takliflari to'g'risidagi zararli ma'lumotlarni to'plash yoki moliyalashtirishga aloqadorligini rad etdi.^[116]

Kashyap Patel

Kashyap Patel milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha yordamchi edi Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, ostida Kongress a'zosi Nunes (R, CA.) Tramp ma'muriyatining birinchi yillarida. U a-ning asosiy muallifi edi munozarali eslatma FBI va DOJ rasmiylari Trump kampaniyasining bir nechta xodimlariga, shu jumladan, FISA-ga tegishli hujjatlarni nomuvofiq ravishda qo'lga kiritganligi haqidagi respublikachilarning bayonotida asosiy rol o'ynagan. Karter sahifasi.^[126][127] Bir necha hafta o'tgach, eslatma "gilos yig'ilgan faktlar" dan iborat bo'lgan xolis deb topildi.^[127] Vakillar Palatasida rahbariyat almashgandan so'ng, Patel Prezident Tramp Milliy xavfsizlik kengashining xodimi sifatida ishga qabul qilindi. Bir necha oy ichida u Amerikaning Ukrainadagi siyosati uchun potentsial zararli deb hisoblangan Prezident uchun qo'shimcha mustaqil orqa kanal rolini o'z zimmasiga olganligi gumon qilindi. MTJ yig'ilishlari paytida Patel ozgina eslatmalarni olib, uning portfeli - Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti uchun kam malakaga ega ekanligi sezildi.^[127][128] Politico nashrining xabar berishicha, ushbu pozitsiya aslida Patel uchun yaratilgan.^[128] Prezident Tramp Patelni "uning Ukraina siyosati bo'yicha mutaxassislaridan biri" deb ataganida va "u bilan tegishli hujjatlarni muhokama qilishni" istaganida qizil bayroqlar ko'tarildi.^[127] Patelning haqiqiy topshirig'i Ukraina emas, aksincha terrorizmga qarshi kurash masalalari edi. U Giulianining tartibsiz, norasmiy kanalidan mustaqil ravishda faoliyat yuritgan deb o'ylashdi. Impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv guvohlaridan Patel haqida nimalarni bilishlari so'ralgan. Fiona Xillning tergovchilarga aytishicha, "Patel Ukraina siyosatiga noo'rin aralashgan va janob Trampga ma'lumot yuborgan".^[127] Sondland va Kent Patelni ish jarayonida uchratmaganliklariga guvohlik berishdi.^[127]

2019 yil 3-dekabr kuni Vakillar Palatasi Razvedka qo'mitasining hisobotida AT&T va / yoki Verizon Wireless-ga chaqiruv qog'ozlari orqali olingan telefon yozuvlari, shu jumladan Patel va Giuliani o'rtasida 2019 yil 10-mayda 25 daqiqali telefon qo'ng'irog'i mavjud.^[21]:58 Qo'ng'iroq Giuliani va Patel bir-birlariga bir necha soat qo'ng'iroq qilishga urinishganidan keyin va Giuliani va Kurt Volker o'rtasidagi qo'ng'iroqdan bir soat o'tmay sodir bo'ldi.^[21]:58 Giuliani va Patel o'rtasidagi 25 daqiqali qo'ng'iroqdan besh daqiqa o'tgach, noma'lum "-1" telefon raqami 17 daqiqadan ko'proq vaqt davomida Giuliani deb chaqirdi, shundan so'ng Giuliani ayblanayotgan sherigiga qo'ng'iroq qildi Lev Parnas taxminan 12 daqiqa.^[21]:58

4-dekabr kuni CBS News-ga bergan bayonotida Patel Giulianining Ukrainaning orqa kanalining bir qismi ekanligini rad etib, "hech qachon prezident Trampga Ukraina masalalarida hech qachon orqa kanal emasligini" aytdi,^[129] va uning Djuliani bilan qilgan qo'ng'irog'i "shaxsiy" edi.^[130]

Keyin Richard Grenell aktyorlik nomini oldi milliy razvedka direktori 2020 yil fevral oyida Patel 20 fevralda katta maslahatchi sifatida qo'shildi.^[131]

Kotib tugatilgandan so'ng Mark Esper 2020 yil noyabr oyida Patel Mudofaa vaziri vazifasini bajaruvchi shtab boshlig'i bo'ldi Kristofer C. Miller.^{[132][133][134][135]}

Mari Yovanovichga qarshi kampaniya

2018 yil aprel oyidayoq, Rudolph V. Giuliani va uning sheriklari Lev Parnas va Igor Fruman aftidan Prezident Trumpning qayta saylanish harakatlariga yordam berishga qaror qilgan va ular buni aniqladilar AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisi Mari Yovanovich qiyinchilik sifatida.^[136] Yovanovich o'zining o'ttiz yillik faoliyatini diplomat sifatida ishlagan va 2016 yil 18 mayda AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisi lavozimiga nomzod sifatida e'lon qilingan. Geoff Pyatt.^[137] Yovanovich Ukrainani korruptsiyani engishga undashi uchun milliy xavfsizlik jamoatchiligida hurmatga sazovor bo'ldi,^[138] va uning faoliyati davomida ukrainni kuchaytirishga intilgan Korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash milliy byurosi, kurashish uchun harakatlarni kuchaytirish uchun yaratilgan Ukrainadagi korruptsiya.

Yovanovich AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisi sifatida a fitna - haydovchi qoralash kampaniyasi.^{[139][140][141]} Unga qarshi da'volarni keyin Trampning shaxsiy advokati Juliani va shuningdek, konservativ sharhlovchi bergan Jon Sulaymon ning Tepalik va Ukrainaning o'sha paytdagi eng yuqori prokurori, Yuriy Lutsenko uni Ukrainadagi korrupsiyaga qarshi tekshiruvlar va Tramp ma'muriyatining Ukraina rasmiylari bilan aloqalarini tekshirishga qaratilgan sa'y-harakatlarini o'z ichiga olgan fitnaning bir qismi bo'lganlikda aybladi. Xillari Klinton 2016 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi.^{[142][143][144]} Ukraina fuqarolik jamiyati tashkilotlari tomonidan korrupsiyada ayblangan Lutsenko,^[145] Yovanovich, Obama ma'muriyati tomonidan tayinlangan, Ukraina siyosatiga aralashgan, unga "jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilmasin" ro'yxatini bergan va uning Ukrainadagi korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish qobiliyatiga aralashgan deb da'vo qilmoqda.^[143][146] AQSh Davlat departamentining ta'kidlashicha, Lutsenkoning Yovanovichga qarshi da'volari "to'g'ridan-to'g'ri uydirma"^[143] va ularning "klassik" ekanliklarini ko'rsatdi dezinformatsiya kampaniyasi."^[140] Keyinchalik Lutsenko "sudlanmaslik" ro'yxati to'g'risidagi da'volaridan voz kechdi.^[147] Sulaymonning hikoyalari, baribir uning o'g'li Prezident Tramp tomonidan kuchaytirildi Kichik Donald Tramp, Giuliani, Sulaymon va konservativ ommaviy axborot vositalari.^[143][148] Yovanovichga qarshi chiqqan ukrainaliklar, shuningdek, "bir necha oy davomida Ukrainada prezident Trampga yordam berish uchun siyosiy axloqsizlik izlayotgan" Juliani uchun manbalar bo'lgan.^[145] Giuliani 2019 yil noyabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida "Yovanovichga kerak emas" deb ishonishini tasdiqladi, chunki u tergov ishlarini qiyinlashtirmoqchi edi.^[149]

2019 yil 24 aprelda,^[150] Giuliani va boshqa Tramp ittifoqchilarining Yovanovichning Ukrainani sobiq vitse-prezidentni tergov qilishga ishontirishga qaratilgan harakatlariga putur etkazayotgani va to'sqinlik qilayotgani haqidagi shikoyatlaridan keyin va 2020 yilgi prezident saylovlari nomzod Jo Bayden, Trump Yovanovichni chaqirib olishga buyruq berdi.^[151][152] U qaytib keldi Vashington, Kolumbiya, 25 aprel kuni^[150] 7 may kuni xalqqa ma'lum bo'lganligini eslash bilan,^[153] va uning elchi vazifasi 2019 yil 20 mayda tugatiladi.^[154][155] 2019 yil 25 iyulda Ukraina prezidenti bilan telefon orqali Vladimir Zelenskiy (uning mazmuni 2019 yil 25 sentyabrda ommaga oshkor bo'ldi), Tramp Ukraina hukumatiga Baydenni tekshirishni talab qildi va Yovanovichni chet ellik hamkasbiga kamsitdi va uni "yomon xabar" deb atadi.^[148][156]

Hujjatlar Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi Lev Parnas tomonidan taqdim etilgan matn almashinuvlari, unda Lutsenko Yovanovichni chetlatishga undagan va buning evaziga Djo Bayden haqida zararli ma'lumot berishni taklif qilgan.^{[157][158][159]} Yilda Rus tilida Xabarlarga ko'ra, Lutsenko Parnasga Yovanovichni "xonim" deb atashini - u foydali omma oldida chiqishlaridan oldin haydab yuborilishi kerakligini aytdi; masalan, 2019 yil 22 martda WhatsApp Parnasga Lutsenko shunday deb yozgan edi: "Agar siz xonim to'g'risida qaror qabul qilmasangiz - mening barcha deklaratsiyalarimni shubha ostiga qo'yasiz. Shu jumladan, B haqida".^[157] Lutsenko Yovanovichni Ukrainadagi korrupsiyaga qarshi harakatlari tufayli nishonga olgan deb o'ylashadi.^[160] Korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash bo'yicha 2019 yil 1 aprel konferentsiyasidan bir hafta oldin Parnas shifrlangan almashishdi WhatsApp bilan matnli xabarlar Robert F. Xayd bu elchining kuzatuv ostida ekanligi va uning xavfsizligi xavf ostida ekanligidan dalolat beradi.^[161][162] Xaydning ta'kidlashicha, u Entoni de Kaluve ismli Belgiya fuqarosidan olingan xabarlarni shunchaki uzatgan.^[162] Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi matnli xabarlarni tarqatgandan so'ng, de Kaluve dastlab bu ishga aloqadorligini rad etdi, ammo keyin u haqiqatan ham Xaydga xabarlarni yuborganini, ammo bu xabarlar hazil va "kulgili taqiqning bir qismidir", deb o'zini o'zgartirdi. "^[162]

Tramp va eng yaxshi donorlar o'rtasida o'tkazilgan shaxsiy kechki ovqatda yozilgan va 2020 yil yanvarida ABC News tomonidan ommaga e'lon qilingan audioyozuvda Tramp Yovanovichni olib tashlashni talab qilib: "Undan qutuling! Ertaga uni olib chiqing. Men qilmayman uni parvarishlang. Ertaga uni olib chiqing. Uni olib chiqing. Xo'sh? Buni qiling. "^{[136][157][163]} Yozuv Parnasning u tunda Trampga Yovanovich unga qarshi ishlayotganini aytgani haqidagi akkauntini tasdiqladi.^[157]

Yovanovichning to'satdan chetlatilishi Davlat departamenti diplomatlarini hayratda qoldirdi va g'azablantirdi.^{[146][164][165]} Davlat kotibining Evropa va Evroosiyo ishlari bo'yicha yordamchisi vazifasini bajaruvchi Filipp Riker, AQShning Evropadagi siyosati bo'yicha bosh diplomati, Davlat departamentining yuqori lavozimli mulozimlarini da'vat etganiga guvohlik berdi Devid Xeyl va T. Ulrich Brechbul, Yovanovichni qattiq qo'llab-quvvatlashini bildirgan bayonot berish, ammo Davlat departamentining yuqori rahbariyati bu taklifni rad etdi.^[140] AQShning sobiq yuqori martabali diplomatlari Filipp Gordon va Daniel Frid Evropa va Evroosiyo ishlari bo'yicha davlat kotiblarining yordamchilari sifatida xizmat qilgan va Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi ikkala tomon prezidentlari huzuridagi xodimlar Yovanovichni maqtab, Trampning "mamlakatning eng taniqli elchilaridan biriga nisbatan qo'pol muomalasini" qoralab, bu AQSh diplomatik korpusining ruhini tushirib yubordi va AQSh tashqi siyosatiga putur etkazdi deb yozishdi.^[166] The Amerika chet el xizmatlari assotsiatsiyasi va Amerika Diplomatiya Akademiyasi AQSh diplomatik korpusi a'zolari vakili bo'lib, Trampning Zelenskiy bilan bo'lgan chaqirig'ida Yovanovichni kamsitganidan tashvish bildirdi.^[167] Maykl MakKinli, to'rt davlatda elchi bo'lib ishlagan va davlat kotibining bosh maslahatchisi bo'lgan martaba tashqi xizmat xodimi Mayk Pompeo, 2019 yil oktyabr oyida Trampning Yovanovichga qarshi hujumlariga va "Davlat departamentining mansab diplomatlarini siyosiy motivli bosimdan himoya qilishni istamasligiga" qarshi norozilik sifatida iste'foga chiqdi.^[168][169] Yovanovichning chetlatilishi masalada ko'rib chiqilgan masalalardan biriga aylandi Vakillar palatasi Trampga qarshi impichment bo'yicha so'rov;^[151] uni eslashi Kongressning Demokratik a'zolari tomonidan "siyosiy xit ish" deb nomlangan.^[143][156] Keyinchalik Tramp uning "farishta emasligini" aytdi va Yovanovich portretini osishdan bosh tortganini yolg'on da'vo qildi.^[170][171]

Ukraina rasmiylari bilan aloqa

Mari Yovanovich, AQShning Ukrainadagi sobiq elchisi Ukrainadagi korrupsiyaga qarshi harakatlari va u bilan rozi bo'lmaganligi sababli o'z lavozimidan muddatidan oldin ozod etildi. soya diplomatiyasi Giuliani va Prezident Tramp davrida bo'lib o'tmoqda.

Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka, nazorat va islohot va tashqi ishlar qo'mitalari raislarining xati, shu jumladan Volker, Sondland va boshqalar ishtirokidagi matnli suhbatlar nusxalari.

2019 yil 20 sentyabrda, Washington Post Tramp 25 iyul kuni bo'lib o'tgan telefon suhbatida Ukraina prezidenti Zelenskiy bilan bog'liq masalalarni tekshirish uchun bir necha bor bosim o'tkazgani haqida xabar bergan Hunter Bayden.^[172] The New York Times Trump Zelenskiyga Giuliani bilan gaplashishni buyurganini aytdi,^[173][174] va ko'ra The Wall Street Journal, u Zelenskiyni "taxminan sakkiz marta" Giuliani bilan ishlashga va Baydenning o'g'lini tekshirishga undaydi.^[97] 22 sentyabr kuni Tramp Zelenskiy bilan suhbat chog'ida Jo Baydenni muhokama qilganini tan oldi va u shunday dedi: "Biz o'z xalqimiz vitse-prezident Bayden va uning o'g'li kabi ijod qilishni xohlamaymiz [sic ] allaqachon Ukrainadagi korruptsiyaga. "^[26] 2019 yil oktyabr oyidan boshlab, Tender ishtirokchilari tomonidan qilingan biron bir noqonuniy xatti-harakatlar to'g'risida hech qanday dalil yo'q.^[57]

The Wall Street Journal 30-sentabr kuni davlat kotibi haqida xabar berdi Mayk Pompeo shuningdek, qo'ng'iroqni tingladi.^[175] Ikki kundan keyin, Washington Post vitse-prezident Mayk Pensning milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi haqida xabar berdi Keyt Kellogg qo'ng'iroqni ham tinglagan va "Pens bir necha soat ichida stenogramma bilan tanishishi kerak edi".^[1] Qatorda boshqalar ham bor Tim Morrison, Milliy xavfsizlik kengashining Evropa va Rossiya bo'yicha katta direktori; Robert Bler, yordamchisi Mik Mulvani; va Aleksandr Vindman, MXK uchun ukrainalik mutaxassis.^[30]

Trampning 25-iyuldagi Zelenskiy bilan qo'ng'irog'idan bir necha kun oldin, Juliani Zelenskiyning yordamchisi bilan telefonda suhbatlashdi Andriy Yermak Bayden tergovi, shuningdek, Zelenskiy va Tramp o'rtasidagi Ukraina rasmiylari tomonidan qidirib topilgan bo'lajak Oq uy uchrashuvi haqida.^[176] Zelenskiy maslahatchisining so'zlariga ko'ra Serhiy Leshchenko, Tramp Bayden oilasini tergov qilish imkoniyatini muhokama qilish sharti bilan Zelenskiy bilan telefon orqali suhbatlashishga tayyor edi. Keyinchalik Leshchenko mulozimlar Baydenni muhokama qilishni uchrashuvning dastlabki sharti sifatida ko'rib chiqqanmi yoki yo'qligini bilmasligini aytib, o'z izohlaridan qaytmoqchi bo'ldi.^[177]

Ukrainadagi maxsus vakili tomonidan Kongressga yuborilgan matnli xabarlar Kurt Volker oktyabr oyida Zelenskiyning yordamchisi Yermakga Zelenskiy faqat tergovni olib borishga va'da bergan taqdirdagina Oq uyga tashrif buyurishini taklif qilishgan. 25 iyul kuni, Trampning telefon qo'ng'irog'idan oldin, Volker Yermakka SMS yubordi: "Oq uydan eshitganman - prezidentni qabul qilaman Z 2016 yilda tekshiruv o'tkazishini va "nima bo'lganining tubiga tushishini" ishontiradi, biz Vashingtonga tashrif buyurish kunini belgilaymiz. "^[178]

25 sentyabr kuni ma'muriyat Oq uyning 25-iyuldagi Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasidagi telefon qo'ng'irog'ining maxfiylashtirilgan besh sahifadan iborat memorandumini e'lon qildi.^{[179][180][181][a]} Qo'ng'iroqda Tramp Bidenlar va CrowdStrike, dedi: "Men [AQSh] bosh prokurori sizni yoki sizning xalqingizni chaqirishni istayman va buning tubiga tushishingizni istardim".^[180] Tramp Zelenskiyga yolg'on gapirib, "Bayden o'g'li Hunterni ta'qib qilishni to'xtatganligi bilan maqtanib yurdi"; Bayden hech qanday ayblovni to'xtatmadi va bu bilan maqtanmadi va o'g'lining hech qachon tergov ostida bo'lganligi haqida hech qanday dalil yo'q.^[182]

Tramp shuningdek, Giulianini AQShning Ukraina uchun asosiy aloqasi sifatida taqdim etdi, garchi Giuliani AQSh hukumatining rasmiy pozitsiyasiga ega emas. Tramp uch marotaba Bosh prokuror Barr va Djulianidan Zelenskiga qo'ng'iroq qilishni iltimos qilishini aytdi,^[183] va qo'shimcha qildi: "Shunday qilib, siz bosh prokuror bilan nima qilishingiz mumkin bo'lsa, bu juda yaxshi bo'lar edi."^[179] Bunga javoban Zelenskiy uning Ukrainaning bosh prokurori lavozimiga nomzodi "vaziyatni, xususan ushbu sonda siz aytib o'tgan kompaniyani ko'rib chiqishini" aytdi. Zelenskiy bu gaplardan keyin Tramp Zelenskiy bilan Oq uyda uchrashishni taklif qildi.^[180] Zelenskiy bilan bir xil chaqiriqda Tramp tarafdorlari bo'ldi fitna nazariyasi Hillari Klintonning elektron pochta serveri Ukrainada bo'lganligi;^[184][185] AQShning Evropadagi ittifoqchilarini tanqid qildi (xususan Germaniya ),^[183] va avvalgisini kamsitdi AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisi, Mari Yovanovich, a martaba AQSh diplomati Tramp ma'muriyati uni ikki oy oldin to'satdan esga olgan edi. Tramp Zelenskiyga Yovanovich "ba'zi narsalarni boshdan kechirmoqchi" ekanligini aytdi.^{[148][186][187]}

Suhbat davomida Zelenskiy AQShga so'nggi tashrifida u erda qolganligini eslatib o'tdi Trump minorasi. Axloqiy targ'ibot guruhlari ushbu sharhni xayrixohlikka intilish deb ta'rifladilar.^[188]

Suhbatdan ko'p o'tmay, Oq uyning yordamchilari bir-biridan ular ishtirok etmagan boshqa yuqori lavozimli mulozimlarni ogohlantirish kerakmi, deb so'rashni boshladilar.^[30] Birinchi hushtak chaluvchi Oq uyning bir mulozimini "o'tmishda sodir bo'lgan narsadan ko'rinib turibdi" deb ta'riflagan. 26-iyuldagi eslatmada, xabarni tarqatuvchi "Rasmiyning ta'kidlashicha, munozarani qanday o'tkazish to'g'risida Oq uy advokatlari bilan allaqachon suhbat bo'lib o'tgan, chunki rasmiyning fikriga ko'ra, prezident chet el fuqarosini chaqirib, jinoyat sodir etganligi aniq AQSh fuqarosini 2020 yilda qayta saylanish taklifini ilgari surish maqsadida tergov qilish huquqi. "^[189][190]

During the period prior to and immediately after the July 25 call, at least four national security officials warned National Security Council legal adviser John Eisenberg that the Trump administration was attempting to pressure Ukraine for political purposes.^[31]

Days after the Trump call, Giuliani met with Yermak in Madrid. Giuliani said on September 23 that the State Department had asked him to "go on a mission for them" to speak with Yermak.^[191] The State Department had said on August 22 that its Ukraine envoy Volker had connected the men, but that Giuliani was acting as a private citizen and Trump attorney,^[192] although he briefed the State Department after the trip.^[176] Giuliani said he told Yermak, "Your country owes it to us and to your country to find out what really happened." Yermak said he was not clear if Giuliani was representing Trump, but Giuliani said he was not, and the White House referred questions about Giuliani's role to the State Department, which did not respond. Appearing on television on September 19, Giuliani first denied he had asked Ukrainian officials to investigate Joe Biden, but moments later said, "Of course I did."^{[193][194][195]} Former prosecutor Yuri Lutsenko told the Los Anjeles Tayms Giuliani had repeatedly demanded that the Ukrainians investigate the Biden family. "I told him I could not start an investigation just for the interests of an American official," Lutsenko informed the Times.^[196]

In August, Volker and American ambassador to the EU Gordon Sondland drafted a statement they wanted Zelensky to read publicly that would commit Ukraine to investigate Burisma and the fitna nazariyasi that Ukraine interfered with the 2016 election to benefit Hillary Clinton. However, Zelensky never made the statement.^[178] Volker also provided to congressional investigators a September text message exchange between Sondland, a major Trump donor and political appointee, and Bill Teylor, a career diplomat who was the senior official at the Ukrainian embassy after the recall of Ambassador Yovanovitch. In the messages, Taylor wrote: "I think it's crazy to withhold security assistance for help with a political campaign." Four hours later, after speaking with Trump, Sondland responded: "Bill, I believe you are incorrect about President Trump's intentions. The president has been crystal clear: no quid pro quos of any kind." He then suggested they continue discussing the matter by phone rather than text.^{[197][198][199]}

Washington Post reported on October 12 that Sondland would tell congressional investigators the following week that he had relayed Trump's assertion of no quid pro quo, but he did not know if it was actually true.^[200] NBC News reported the night before Sondland's testimony that he told Ukrainian officials visiting the White House that a Trump–Zelensky meeting was conditioned on Ukraine opening an investigation, and discussed Burisma with them.^[201] The Wall Street Journal reported in November 2019 that prior to the Trump–Zelensky call, Sondland had kept several administration officials apprised via email of his efforts to persuade Ukraine to open investigations.^[202]

American embassy officials in Kyiv repeatedly expressed concerns about Giuliani's meetings, and during closed-door congressional testimony on October 4, Volker reportedly said he had warned Giuliani that Ukrainian political figures were giving him untrustworthy information about the Bidens.^[32][95] He also testified that Joe Biden was a "man of integrity", saying: "I have known former vice president Biden for 24 years, and the suggestion that he would be influenced in his duties as vice president by money for his son simply has no credibility to me. I know him as a man of integrity and dedication to our country."^[203]

Memorandum record of the July 25 phone call

The first whistleblower's report said that "senior White House officials had intervened to 'lock down' all records of the phone call", an act that indicated those officials "understood the gravity of what had transpired".^[b] They performed the "lock down" by placing the record of the call on a top-secret server intended for the most highly classified material,^{[204][205][206]} rahbarligida John Eisenberg.^[35] It was later confirmed that on orders from Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi attorneys, the call with Ukraine was moved from TNet,^[33] the regular NSC computer system, to the top-secret kod so'zi NICE system, reserved for closely guarded secrets.^[205][207] On September 27, it was reported that records of calls with the leaders of Saudiya Arabistoni va Rossiya had also been stored on NICE.^[35]

On September 27, the White House acknowledged that a record of the call between Trump and Zelensky was sealed in a highly classified system, as per the advice of National Security Council lawyers.^[11][12]

On the same day, it was reported that the records of Trump's Oval ofis meeting with Russian officials in May 2017 had been unusually closely held, with distribution limited to a few officials.^[208] Oq uy maslahatchisi Kellyanne Conway said the procedure for handling records of Trump's calls with world leaders had been tightened early in 2017 because of leaks to the press about his conversations with the president of Mexico and the prime minister of Australia.^[209]

It was subsequently revealed that this placement on the top-secret server was made for political rather than for national security reasons, which are the only valid reasons to use such a server,^[36] and that it happened after the White House's top Ukraine adviser, Alexander Vindman, told White House lawyer John Eisenberg that "what the president did was wrong". This conversation occurred immediately after Trump's phone call with Zelensky, and, according to people familiar with Vindman's account, it was Eisenberg who proposed this placement and restriction of access to the "Memorandum of Telephone Conversation" (i.e., the "rough transcript" of the phone call).^[210]

On October 2, Trump falsely asserted that the publicly released memorandum was "an exact word-for-word transcript of the conversation". Analysts noted that its use of ellipslar to denote omitted material was uncommon for government transcripts, and that it was surprisingly brief for a thirty-minute conversation, even allowing for the time delays due to the use of an interpreter.^[211] During his October 29 testimony, European Affairs Lt. Col Alexander Vindman said the memorandum of the call released by the White House omitted crucial words and phrases, including Trump asserting that recordings exist of Joe Biden discussing Ukraine corruption, which Trump stated in the third set of ellipses in the released memorandum. Vindman said he tried but failed to restore the omitted text.^[212] A senior White House official had asserted when the Memorandum was released that the ellipses "do not indicate missing words or phrases", but rather "a trailing off of a voice or pause".^[213] The New York Times states that "There is no [audio] recording of the July 25 call by the American side."^[212]

Both attorney general Bill Barr and White House counsel Pat Sipollon had recommended Trump publicly release the memorandum, asserting it showed the president did nothing wrong. During ensuing days, Trump and his allies strongly encouraged the public to read the "transcript", even as the consensus view of legal analysts was that the memorandum implicated rather than exonerated the president. Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney advised Trump that releasing the memorandum had been a mistake, causing the president to become irked by the advice Barr had given him.^[214][215]

Withholding of Ukrainian military aid

The U.S. Congress had mandated increased military aid to Ukraine over the period of Trump's presidency.^[216][217] Congress appropriated $400 million in military aid to Ukraine for fiscal year 2019, to be used to spend on weapons and other equipment as well as programs to assist the Ukrainian military in combating threats from Putin's Russia and Russian-backed separatists of the self-proclaimed separatist entities Ukrainaning sharqida.^[218][219] The administration notified Congress in February 2019 and May 2019 that it intended to release this aid to Ukraine, with the Defense Department certifying that Ukraine had made sufficient progress in fighting corruption.^[218][220] Despite the notifications to Congress, in June 2019, the Trump administration placed military aid to Ukraine on hold.^[221] The date of the hold was originally reported as mid-July.^{[218][219][222]} Washington Post reported on September 23 that at least a week before his July 25 call with Zelensky, Trump directed his acting chief of staff Mik Mulvani ga ushlab qolish^{[oydinlashtirish ]} $400 million in military aid to Ukraine. This directive was conveyed by the Boshqarish va byudjet idorasi uchun Davlat departamenti va Pentagon, stating Trump had concerns about whether the money should be spent, with instructions to tell lawmakers the funds were being delayed due to an "interagency process".^[218] The New York Times reported that "high-level Ukrainian officials" were aware that the Trump administration had purposely frozen the military aid by the first week of August 2019, and they were told to contact Mick Mulvaney to resolve the matter.^[223]

During an October 17 press conference, White House acting chief of staff Mick Mulvaney said he "was involved with the process" of the freezing of military aid. Mulvaney gave his account of why Trump decided to hold back military aid to Ukraine. One, Trump felt the other European countries were not doing enough. Two, Trump felt Ukraine was a "corrupt place" which included having "corruption related to the DNC server" with regard to "what happened in 2016". As a result, reporter Jonatan Karl told Mulvaney "what you just described is a quid pro quo. It is: 'Funding will not flow unless the investigation into the Democratic server happens as well.'" Mulvaney replied to Karl: "We do that all the time with foreign policy ... Get over it. There's going to be political influence in foreign policy." Later in the press conference, Mulvaney quoted a third reason on why military aid was frozen—they had yet to cooperate with a U.S. Justice Department investigation into alleged Ukrainian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.^[13][224]

After media reports of Mulvaney's comments circulated, Republicans joined Trump's aides and legal counsel in distancing themselves from his remarks.^[225][226] A senior official in the Justice Department stated: "If the White House was withholding aid from Ukraine with regard to any investigation by the Justice Department, that's news to us."^[224] Hours later on the same day where he had issued the press conference, Mulvaney criticized the media for their coverage of his comments and denied his earlier remarks, saying that there was "no quid pro quo" regarding the withholding of aid and requests to investigate the Democrats' behavior during the 2016 election.^[225][226]

In the July 25 call with Trump, Zelensky thanked Trump for the U.S.'s "great support in the area of defense", an apparent reference to military aid, and expressed an interest in acquiring more missiles. Trump replied, "I would like you to do us a favor though,"^[179] suggesting an investigation into CrowdStrike, amerikalik kiberxavfsizlik firm that investigated the cyberattacks against the Democratic National Committee in 2015 and 2016. CrowdStrike was one of three firms whose analysis assisted the U.S. intelligence community in determining that Russian intelligence was responsible for the DNC hack.^[183] Trump also asked Zelensky to investigate Joe Biden and his son.^[227] Ukraine relies on extensive American military aid to fight Russian-backed separatists ichida Donbass, and the Trump administration's suspension of the congressionally-mandated aid was reportedly a shock to Ukrainian government officials who found out about it only "much later, and then through nonofficial channels".^[228] Trump's addition of the word "though" has been interpreted as a condition made by Trump that his decisions would be based on Ukraine's compliance with his requests.^[229]

On September 9, on hearing about the whistleblower complaint, three Democratic-controlled House committees—the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Committee on Oversight and Reform—announced they would investigate whether Trump and Giuliani attempted to coerce Ukraine into investigating the Bidens by withholding the military aid.^[230] On September 11, the Trump administration released the aid.^[231]

In a September 20 tweet, Giuliani appeared to confirm suspicion that there was a connection between the withholding of military assistance funds and the investigation he and Trump wanted Ukraine to undertake.^[232][233] He said: "The reality is that the President of the United States, whoever he is, has every right to tell the president of another country you better straighten out the corruption in your country if you want me to give you a lot of money. If you're so damn corrupt that you can't investigate allegations—our money is going to get squandered."^[234] Trump himself appeared to make a similar connection on September 23, telling reporters: "We want to make sure that country is honest. It's very important to talk about corruption. If you don't talk about corruption, why would you give money to a country that you think is corrupt?"^[222] Trump later denied pressuring Ukraine.^[222]

While the aid was restored in time to prevent any military setbacks, Trump's withholding of military aid took a heavy psychological toll on the Ukraine soldiers.^[235] Trump has offered inconsistent justifications for withholding the aid.^[49] He originally said that the aid was withheld due to "corruption" in the country and that the topic of conversation with Vladimir Zelenskiy was about "the fact that we don't want our people, like vice-president Biden and his son, [adding] to the corruption already in the Ukraine".^[236] He later disputed his original statement and said the aid was initially held back due to a lack of similar contribution from other European nations.^[49][52]

Respublikachi senator Ron Jonson aytdi The Wall Street Journal in October that American ambassador Gordon Sondland told him in August that military aid to Ukraine was linked to the desire of Trump and his allies for the Ukrainian government to investigate matters related to the 2016 American elections.^[237] Sondland told a State department diplomat in September via text message that there was no quid pro quo.^[238] On October 12, however, Washington Post reported that, according to a person familiar with Sondland's testimony, Sondland plans to testify to Congress that the content of that text message "was relayed to him directly by President Trump in a phone call" and that he did not know if the claim denying quid pro quo was actually true.^[239]

The Wall Street Journal reported on October 10 that career civil servants at the Boshqarish va byudjet idorasi were concerned about the legality of freezing the aid funds, and that the White House granted a political appointee, Michael Duffey, the authority to keep the aid on hold.^[240] Partially redacted OMB emails released to the Jamoatchilik uchun halollik markazi on December 20 showed that Duffey initiated action to freeze the Ukrainian aid about 90 minutes after the July 25 Trump–Zelensky call, writing to OMB and Pentagon officials, "given the sensitive nature of the request, I appreciate your keeping that information closely held to those who need to know to execute direction."^[241] Unredacted versions of the emails subsequently acquired by Faqat xavfsizlik showed that the Pentagon repeatedly pushed back against the hold, citing legal concerns, but Duffey stated, "clear direction from POTUS to continue to hold". Faqat xavfsizlik reported that the original redactions had been made by the Justice Department.^[242][243] Another series of heavily redacted emails released on January 21, 2020 showed that the OMB was laying the groundwork to freeze the Ukraine aid on the night of July 24, prior to the July 25 Trump–Zelensky call. An enclosed "Ukraine Prep Memo" was redacted in its entirety.^[244][245]

2020 yil 16-yanvar kuni Davlatning hisobdorligi idorasi (GAO), a non-partisan watchdog agency, concluded that the White House broke federal law by withholding of Congress-approved military aid to Ukraine. The agency concluded that the 1974 yildagi qamoqni nazorat qilish to'g'risidagi qonun had been violated because Congress' legislated policy had been supplanted by President Trump's own policy. The agency also concluded that the withholding "was not a programmatic delay", in spite of the Trump administration's claim that it was so.^[22]

As the second week of the Trump impeachment trial was set to begin in January 2020, The New York Times reported that Bolton wrote in his forthcoming book that the president had told him in August 2019 that he wanted to continue freezing the Ukraine aid until officials there pursued investigations into Democrats, including the Bidens.^[246]

Withholding of White House visit

In a May 2019 letter congratulating Zelensky on his election, Trump raised the possibility of a White House visit. However, during the next few months as Giuliani and some State Department officials pressed Zelensky to investigate Burisma and the 2016 election, a White House visit became one of the inducements offered or withheld depending on Zelensky's cooperation.^[247]

Bill Teylor, the United States' senior diplomatic official in Ukraina, testified in a congressional hearing that he learned in mid-July 2019 that a potential White House meeting between Trump and Zelensky "was conditioned on the investigations of Burisma and alleged Ukrainian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections".^[15]

Gordon Sondland, the U.S. ambassador to the European Union who became Trump's primary connection to Ukraine, testified that Trump had told him he was "skeptical that Ukraine was serious about reforms and anti-corruption" and directed him to speak to Giuliani about his concerns. Sondland began working with Giuliani and conveyed the message about investigations to the Ukrainians.^[247] In August, Sondland texted that the White House visit would be scheduled just as soon as Zelensky confirmed that he would issue a public statement about investigations into the Bidens and the 2016 election.^[32] In his November 20 testimony before the impichment bo'yicha tinglovlar, Sondland testified that the White House visit was conditioned on a public Ukrainian announcement of investigation into Burisma and the 2016 election, which he described as a quid pro quo.^[248]

In testimony before congressional committees, the National Security Council's head of European Affairs, Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Vindman, testified that Sondland had told Ukrainian officials in his presence that they would have to launch investigations into the Bidens in order to get a meeting with Trump. He said Sondland indicated that "everything"—including the military aid and the White House visit—was on the table pending Zelensky's public announcement of such an investigation.^[249]

Whistleblower complaints

First whistleblower complaint

Submission of complaint and withholding from Congress

Shikoyatchi shikoyatining qayta ko'rib chiqilgan versiyasi

2019 yil 12-avgustda, ism-sharifi yo'q Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi ofitser^[37] a hushtakboz complaint with Maykl Atkinson, inspector general of the Intelligence Community (ICIG),^[250] under the provisions of the Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act (ICWPA).^[251] Atkinson looked into the complaint and interviewed several government officials whom the whistleblower identified as having information to substantiate his claims.^[37] On August 26, having found the complaint to be both "credible" and "of urgent concern" (as defined by the ICWPA), and noting the "subject matter expertise" of the whistleblower, Atkinson transmitted the complaint to Joseph Maguire, aktyorlik milliy razvedka direktori (DNI).^[39][252] Prior to the whistleblower filing the formal ICIG complaint, the individual notified the CIA of his/her concerns, which were then relayed to the White House and Justice Department.^[253] The New York Times reported in November that Trump was told of the whistleblower complaint in late August, before it was known by Congress and before the Ukraine aid was released.^[254]

Maguire withheld the complaint from congressional intelligence committees, citing the Adliya vazirligi "s Yuridik maslahat xizmati 's rationale that the whistleblower complaint did not relate to an "intelligence activity within the responsibility and authority" of the acting DNI.^[255] Maguire also testified that the whistleblower "followed the law every step of the way".^[256][257] In an October 2019 letter, about 70 inspectors general from the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency sharply criticized the Justice Department's decision to withhold the complaint from Congress, recommending the OLC memo be withdrawn or amended because it "effectively overruled the determination by the ICIG regarding an 'urgent concern' complaint" that the ICIG concluded was "credible and therefore needed to be transmitted to Congress".^[258]

Tashqi video
Maguire's testimony before the House Intelligence Committee, September 26, 2019, C-SPAN

Under ICWPA, the DNI "shall" within seven days of receipt forward the complaint to the Senate and House Intelligence Committees. Maguire did not do so, and the deadline passed on September 2. On September 9 Atkinson wrote to several lawmakers, telling them about the existence of the whistleblower report, which Maguire had not forwarded to Congress.^[259] On September 10, Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi (HPSCI) chairman Adam Shiff wrote to Maguire, asking why he had not provided it. According to Schiff, Maguire said he had been told to withhold it on direction from a "higher authority" because it involved an "issue of privileged communications". Schiff said he was also told "the complaint concerns conduct by someone outside of the Razvedka hamjamiyati."^[260] The Trump administration withheld the complaint on the basis of the Justice Department's assertion that the complaint was not within the purview of the ICWPA.^[c] On September 13, Schiff subpoenaed Maguire to appear before the HPSCI,^[262] and Maguire agreed to testify on September 26.^[263] Washington Post reported that Maguire threatened to resign if the White House sought to constrain his testimony, although Maguire later denied he had contemplated resigning.^[264]

18 sentyabr kuni Washington Post broke the story of the whistleblower report, saying the complaint concerned a "promise" Trump had made during communication with an unnamed foreign leader. White House records showed Trump had made communications or interactions with five foreign leaders during the five weeks before the whistleblower complaint was filed.^[265] During a previously scheduled closed-door hearing before the HPSCI on September 19, Atkinson told lawmakers the complaint referred to a series of events,^[97] and that he disagreed with the position that the complaint lay outside the scope of the ICWPA, but declined to provide details.^[266] On September 19, Washington Post reported that the complaint related to Ukraine.^[266]

After the ICIG found that the call was a possible violation of federal campaign finance laws, which prohibits the solicitation of foreign contributions, the ICIG referred the matter to the Federal qidiruv byurosi, and the DNI referred the matter to the AQSh Adliya vazirligi for a possible criminal investigation of Trump's actions.^[179] Kortni Simmons Elvud, general counsel for the CIA, became aware of the whistleblower's complaint through a colleague and, on August 14, made what she considered a criminal referral of the matter during a conference call with the top national security lawyer at the White House and the chief of the Justice Department's National Security Division.^[267] A Justice Department official said the ICIG suspected the call could have broken federal law if Trump's request to the Ukrainian government to investigate a political opponent constituted the solicitation of campaign contribution from a foreign government.^[268] According to a Justice Department spokeswoman, the department's jinoiy bo'linish reviewed "the official record of the call" and determined there was no campaign finance violation.^[180][269] The Justice Department's determination to not launch an investigation took only weeks; the department did not conduct interviews or take steps beyond reviewing the call record.^[45] A senior Justice Department official told Washington Post the Justice Department had determined Trump's conduct did not constitute the solicitation of a quantifiable "thing of value" subject to the campaign finance laws.^[45][180] The Justice Department's review looked into whether there was evidence of a campaign violation law, and did not look into possible violations of federal corruption statutes.^[45] Some legal experts said there seemed to be evidence warranting an investigation into both; masalan, Richard L. Xasen, an election-law scholar, believes the provision of muxolifat tadqiqotlari, masalan. valuable information about a political rival, could be considered a contribution natura shaklida under campaign finance law.^[45]

Release and substance of the complaint

On September 24, the top Democrats of the House and Senate intelligence committees said an attorney for the whistleblower had contacted the committees about providing testimony.^[270] Members and staff of congressional intelligence committees were allowed to examine the whistleblower complaint on September 25.^[271] After the release of the whistleblower complaint to congressional committees, Republican senators Ben Sassi va Mitt Romni called the complaint contents "really troubling" and "troubling in the extreme", respectively.^[272][273] That same day, the complaint itself was declassified with "minimal redactions".^[274] The Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi released the declassified, redacted version of the complaint on September 26.^[8]

In the complaint, the whistleblower said Trump abused the powers of his office for personal gain and put national security in danger, and that oq uy officials engaged in a yashirish.^[8][275] The whistleblower wrote:

In the course of my official duties, I have received information from multiple U.S. government officials that the President of the United States is using the power of his office to solicit chet el davlatining 2020 yildagi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi. This interference includes, among other things, pressuring a foreign country to investigate one of the President's main domestic political rivals.^[8]

In addition to the July 25 phone call between Trump and the Ukrainian president Zelensky, the whistleblower alleged that Giuliani, Trump's personal attorney, had engaged in a campaign to pressure Ukrainian authorities to pursue Joe Biden, including in an August 2 meeting in Madrid between Giuliani and Zelensky aide as "a direct followup" to the July 25 call and contact with a number of other officials in Zelensky's government. These officials included Zelensky's Xodimlar boshlig'i, Andriy Bohdan, and the then-acting head of the Security Service of Ukraine, Ivan Bakanov.^[8] The whistleblower further alleged in the complaint that White House officials had tried to limit access to the record of Trump's telephone conversation with Zelensky, writing:

In the days following the phone call, I learned from multiple U.S. officials that senior White House officials had intervened to "lock down" all records of the phone call, especially the word-for-word transcript of the call that was produced—as is customary—by the White House Situation Room. This set of actions underscored to me that White House officials understood the gravity of what had transpired in the call.^[8]

Tasdiqlash

By the end of October the bulk of the whistleblower complaint had been confirmed by other sources, including the memorandum record of the July 25 call which the White House released, testimony before congressional committees, and independent reporting.^[276] A The New York Times "Rahmat, hushtak chaluvchi, sizning ishingiz bajarildi" deb nomlangan tahririyat, shafqatsizlar shikoyatida keltirilgan faqat bitta kichik narsa hali tasdiqlanmagan: T. Ulrich Brechbul, Davlat departamenti maslahatchisi, shuningdek, qo'ng'iroqni tingladi.^[277]

Shaxsiyat

Tramp bir necha bor xabar bergan shaxsning kimligini oshkor qilishga chaqirdi,^[278] ba'zi respublikachilar kongressi a'zolari, xususan senator Rand Pol Senatning qarorini blokirovka qilganlar, ular xabar berganlarni himoya qilishni tasdiqlagan,^[279] va ommaviy axborot vositalaridan shaxsning ismini chop etishni talab qildi.^[280] Taxminan 1-noyabr kuni gumon qilingan shaxsiyat o'ng qanot nashrlari va ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda tarqalishni boshladi. Asosiy axborot agentliklari xabar tarqatgan shaxsning mish-mishlarini e'lon qilishdan bosh tortdilar,^[281] va Facebook va YouTube ismning barcha eslatmalarini o'chirish rejalarini e'lon qildi.^[282][283] Twitter da'vo qilingan hushtakbozning ismini o'z ichiga olgan xabarlarga ruxsat beradi va Kichik Donald Tramp 6 noyabr kuni o'z akkauntida bunday xabarlarni nashr qilgani uchun tanqid qilindi.^[284]

Xabar beruvchi shaxsning nomini ommaviy ravishda aniqlash ushbu qoidalarga zid bo'lishi mumkin 1978 yilgi Bosh inspektor qonuni, Intellektni avtorizatsiya qilish to'g'risidagi qonun, ICWPA, Whistleblowerni himoya qilish to'g'risidagi qonun va 2012 yilgi Prezident siyosati bo'yicha yo'riqnoma.^[285][286] Senator Rand Pol va kichik Trump ikkalasi ham xabar bergan shaxsni nomlash jinoyat emasligini ta'kidladilar va Robert S. Litt uchun sobiq bosh maslahatchi Milliy razvedka boshqarmasi, dedi a'zolari Kongress ostida ayblovdan "mutlaqo immunitetga ega" bo'lar edi Nutq va munozara moddasi, garchi ular Kongress sanktsiyalariga duch kelishi mumkin bo'lsa.^[287]

Unga qarshi tahdidlar tufayli, xabar tarqatuvchi bir necha oy davomida Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining Xavfsizlik xizmatini qo'riqlagan, mehmonxonalarda yashagan va qurolsiz zobitlar bilan belgisiz transport vositasida sayohat qilgan. Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi "tahlilchi har safar tvitlarda yoki prezident tomonidan ochiqchasiga aytilganida shafqatsiz xabarlar ko'payganini" kuzatgan. Vashington Post hisobot.^[288]

Fuqarolarni ikkinchi marta shikoyat qilish

2019 yilning 5 oktyabrida Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasidagi telefon qo'ng'irog'i bilan bog'liq "ayblovlar to'g'risida birinchi ma'lumotga ega bo'lgan" ikkinchi razvedka xodimi, shuningdek, razvedka xodimi paydo bo'ldi. Mark Zaid, ikkala hushtakbuzarning vakili bo'lgan jamoadagi advokat.^[42][289] Zaydning ta'kidlashicha, ikkinchi xabar beruvchi ICIG tomonidan intervyu olgan, ammo o'sha paytda yozma shikoyat bermagan.^[290] Shuningdek, 6-oktabrdan boshlab ikkinchi xabarchi Vakillar palatasidagi har qanday qo'mita bilan aloqa qilmagan.^{[42][yangilanishga muhtoj ]}

6-oktabr holatiga ko'ra, razvedka xizmatining a Nyu-York Tayms oktyabrdan hisobot 4 ICIG shikoyatini yuborish va Kongress oldida guvohlik berish imkoniyatini ko'rib chiqqan razvedka xodimi haqida.^[42][291]

Impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv jarayoni

2019 yil 24 sentyabrda Vakillar palatasi tomonidan Prezident Trampga nisbatan rasmiy impichment surishtiruvi Vakillar palatasi Spikeri Pelosi tomonidan e'lon qilindi va u "Tramp prezidentligi xatti-harakatlari prezidentning unga xiyonat qilganligi to'g'risida xiyonat qilgan haqiqatni ochib berdi qasamyod, milliy xavfsizligimizga xiyonat qilish va saylovlarimizning yaxlitligiga xiyonat qilish. "^[17] Oltita uy qo'mitasi (Sud hokimiyati, Aql, Nazorat va islohot, Tashqi ishlar, Moliyaviy xizmatlar va Yo'llari va vositalari ) o'zlarining rasmiy so'rovlarini boshladilar yoki davom ettirdilar.^[17][292]

Impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv a hushtakboz keng tarqalganligi haqida shikoyat hokimiyatni suiiste'mol qilish va a yashirish Tramp tomonidan.^{[28][179][293]} Shu bilan birga, Tramp ma'muriyati Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasida iyul oyida bo'lib o'tgan telefon qo'ng'iroqlari to'g'risidagi memorandumni e'lon qildi va Tramp Zelenskiydan Bayden mojarosini "ijobiy tomonga" ko'rib chiqishni so'raganligini tasdiqladi.^[25] Shikastlovchining shikoyati, shuningdek, Giuliani va AQSh bosh prokurori Uilyam Barrni Ukraina hukumatiga qaratilgan keng qamrovli bosim kampaniyasining bir qismi sifatida aybladi.^[27][294] Bir necha kun ichida Ukraina elchisi Kurt Volker iste'foga chiqdi va uchta uy qo'mitasi davlat kotibiga chaqiriq e'lon qildi Mayk Pompeo Volker va Davlat departamentining boshqa to'rt xodimi uchun depozitlarni rejalashtirish va hujjatlarni chiqarishga majbur qilish.^[295][296] Uchun maktubda Vakillar palatasining Xalqaro aloqalar qo'mitasi rais Eliot Engel, Pompeo "biz ushbu masalalar bo'yicha aniqroq ma'lumotga ega bo'lmagunimizcha" depozitlarga ruxsat berishdan bosh tortdi, chunki bu talab "Davlat departamentining taniqli mutaxassislarini qo'rqitish, bezorilik qilish va noto'g'ri munosabatda bo'lish uchun qilingan urinish" ekanligini ta'kidladi.^[297] Pompeoning xatiga javoban Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka, nazorat va tashqi ishlar qo'mitalari raislari davlat kotibi o'rinbosariga xat yozishdi Jon Sallivan chunki Pompeo Tramp-Zelenskiy chaqiruvida qatnashgan, endi u bunday qarorlarni qabul qilishga to'sqinlik qiladigan manfaatlar to'qnashuvi bo'lgan guvoh deb hisoblangan. Kongressmenlar, shuningdek, guvohlarni qo'rqitish va hujjatlarni ushlab qolish impichment bo'yicha surishtiruvga to'sqinlik qilishi mumkinligidan ogohlantirdilar.^[298][299]

Pompeoning maktubi olinganidan taxminan bir soat o'tgach, Davlat departamentining bosh inspektori Stiv Linik Ertasi kuni uyning bir nechta qo'mitalari bilan Ukraina to'g'risidagi hujjatlar bilan bog'liq "shoshilinch" uchrashuv talab qildi.^[300] Uchrashuvdan so'ng, demokratlar Linikning "Dezinformatsiya to'plami, fitna nazariyalari va asossiz ayblovlarni" Oq uy "deb nomlangan konvertda va" Trump Hotel "deb nomlangan papkada taqdim etganini aytdi.'". Pompeo maslahatchi Ulrix Brechbul Paket Oq uydan kelgan deb taxmin qildi Linikka. Pompeo nomiga yozilgan muqovada bu uning Oq Uydan ekanligi ko'rsatilgan. Hujjatlardagi da'volar orasida shu narsa bo'lgan Mari Yovanovich, 2019 yil may oyida chaqirib olingan Amerikaning Ukrainadagi elchisini Jorj Soros o'rnatgan edi. Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, materiallar Davlat departamentiga 2019 yilning bahorida kelgan va Linik ularni Federal Qidiruv Byurosiga topshirgan. Keyinchalik Juliani ba'zi materiallarni yuborganini tan olib, "Ular menga buni tekshirishni rejalashtirishgan", deb aytgan.^{[301][302][303][304]} Giulianiga hujjatlarni tayyorlash uchun chaqiruv qog'ozi ham berildi.^[305]

Uy shuningdek, undan guvohlik so'radi Gordon Sondlend, Evropa Ittifoqidagi elchisi, uning SMS-xabarlari uning Tramp bilan uchrashuvni tashkil qilishda Ukraina rasmiylari bilan bog'liqligini aniqladi. Tramp ma'muriyati Sondlandning guvohlik berishiga to'sqinlik qilib, bu jarayon "umuman murosaga kelishini" aytdi kenguru sudi "va" respublikachilarning [sic ] huquqlari olib qo'yilgan va omma uchun haqiqiy dalillarga yo'l qo'yilmaydi. "^[306]

8 oktyabr kuni Oq uy maslahatchisi Pat Cipollone Tramp ma'muriyati impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv bilan hamkorlik qilishdan bosh tortishini aytib, Pelosi va boshqa Demokratik liderlarga sakkiz sahifadan iborat xat yubordi. Maktubda surishtiruv "konstitutsiyaviy jihatdan yaroqsiz" ekanligi va "Konstitutsiya, qonun ustuvorligi va har bir o'tgan pretsedentga zid" ekanligi ta'kidlanib, surishtiruv tartibiga e'tiroz bildirilgan. Pelosi bunga javoban "Oq uyni ogohlantirish kerakki, prezidentning o'z vakolatlarini suiiste'mol qilganligi haqidagi haqiqatni Amerika xalqidan yashirishda davom etayotgan harakatlar to'sqinlikning yana bir dalili sifatida baholanadi".^[307][308]

13-oktabr kuni Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi raisi Shiff impichment bo'yicha surishtiruvning markazida turgan birinchi hushtakdosh guvohlik bermasligi mumkinligini e'lon qildi. Shiff, jabrlanuvchining shaxsi aniqlanishi mumkinligi va uning shaxsiy xavfsizligini xavf ostiga qo'yishi mumkin degan xavotirlarni keltirib o'tdi va qo'shimcha ravishda allaqachon etarli miqdordagi dalillar to'planganligini aytdi.^[309]

Vakillar Palatasi 2019 yil 31 oktyabrda impichment bo'yicha surishtiruvning navbatdagi bosqichi bo'yicha ko'rsatmalarni tasdiqladi.^[18]

Yopiq eshitishlar

Jon Bolton (chapda) o'sha paytdagi mudofaa vaziri bilan Jim Mettis 2018 yil mart oyida. Fiona tepaligi Bolton unga: "Djuliani - bu barchani portlatadigan qo'l granatasi", deb aytganiga guvohlik berdi.^[310]

Mari Yovanovich

Mari Yovanovich, sobiq AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisi 30 yillik chet el xizmatida, impichment bo'yicha surishtiruvda muhim shaxs sifatida namoyon bo'ldi. U 2019 yil may oyida chaqirib olindi. 2019 yil 11 oktyabrda Yovanovich aytdi Uy impichmenti bo'yicha tergovchilar unga davlat kotibi o'rinbosari xabar bergan Jon Sallivan Tramp uni 2018 yil yozidan boshlab Ukrainadagi lavozimidan chetlatish uchun Davlat departamentiga bosim o'tkazayotgan edi. Sullivan uni olib tashlanishi to'g'risida xabar berganda, u hech qanday yomon ish qilmaganiga va sabablarga ko'ra chaqirilmasligiga ishontirdi. Yovanovich guvohlik berishicha, AQSh hukumati uni shubhali niyatli shaxslarning asossiz va uydirma da'volari asosida uni lavozimidan chetlashtirgan.^[311] U qo'mitaga Juliani va sobiq bosh prokuror lavozimini ochiqchasiga yoqtirmagani uchun ishdan bo'shatilganligini aytdi Yuriy Lutsenko. "Shuningdek, u Lutsenkoning unga" jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilmaslik "ro'yxatini berganim haqidagi da'volari yolg'on ekanligini va Lutsenkoning o'zi uni orqaga qaytarganini ta'kidladi."^[312]

Fiona tepaligi

Fiona tepaligi, Trump Oq uyidagi Rossiyaning sobiq etakchi maslahatchisi 2019 yil 14 oktyabrda yopiq eshiklar ostida tinglovda ko'rsatma berib, tergovchilarga Tulianing shaxsiy manfaati uchun normal diplomatik kanallarni aylanib o'tadigan Ukrainada "soya" tashqi siyosatini olib borganligini aytdi.^[313] Hillning so'zlariga ko'ra, Jon Bolton, o'sha paytda Trampga tegishli bo'lgan milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi, Trampning siyosiy raqiblarini tergov qilish uchun Ukrainaga bosim o'tkazishga urinishlarni, u unga Milliy xavfsizlik kengashining advokatiga operatsiya to'g'risida xabar berishini aytgani uchun etarli darajada tashvishli deb topdi. Bolton unga advokatga: "Men Sondland va Mulvani pishiradigan har qanday giyohvand moddalar savdosining ishtirokchisi emasman", deb xabar berishni buyurdi. Xill unga Boltonga Julianini "aslida barchani portlatib yuboradigan qo'l granatasi" deb ta'riflaganini aytdi.^[314] 21-noyabr kuni Xill ochiq majlisda guvohlik berdi Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, buni ogohlantirib, "Hozirda Rossiya xavfsizlik xizmatlari va ularning ishonchli vakillari o'zlarining aralashuvlarini takrorlashga tayyor bo'lishdi", deya ta'kidladilar 2020 yilda bo'lib o'tgan saylovlarda, xuddi 2016 yilda bo'lgani kabi. Xill AQShning javobiga nisbatan aniq aytdi. Rossiya Federatsiyasi kiberhujumlar, "Biz ularni to'xtatish uchun vaqtimiz tugayapti. Ushbu tergov jarayonida sizdan iltimos qilaman, Rossiya manfaatlarini shunchalik ravshanlashtiradigan siyosiy sabablarga ko'ra yolg'onlarni targ'ib qilmang."^[315][316] Xill, shuningdek, noqonuniylik yoki noo'rinliklarni biladigan boshqa insayderlarni chiqishga undaydi: "Kongress tegishli deb topgan ma'lumotlarga ega bo'lganlar uni taqdim etish uchun qonuniy va ma'naviy majburiyatlarga ega".^[317]

Jorj Kent

Jorj Kent Evropa va Evroosiyo byurosidagi kotib yordamchisining o'rinbosari AQSh Davlat departamenti, siyosatini nazorat qilish Ukraina.^[318]

Jorj Kent, martabali Qo'shma Shtatlar diplomati, 2019 yil 15 oktyabrda Davlat departamenti unga guvohlik bermaslikni buyurgan va uning ko'rsatmalarini cheklashga harakat qilgan bo'lsa ham, impichment bo'yicha tergovchilar bilan uchrashdi. Hozirda u ikkinchi raqamli diplomat Evropa va Evroosiyo ishlari byurosi va AQSh Davlat departamentining Ukrainadagi korrupsiyaga qarshi kurashish bo'yicha 2014 yildan boshlangan ishlarida katta tajribaga ega. 2019 yil mart oyidan boshlab Kent prezident Trump va Giuliani tomonidan Trampning siyosiy masalalari bo'yicha rasmiy so'rovlarni o'tkazish uchun Ukrainaga qo'llanilayotgan bosim to'g'risida hamkasblariga shubha uyg'otdi. dushmanlar.^[319] Kent, shuningdek, Giulianining "dezinformatsiya" operatsiyasiga e'tibor qaratdi, u Ukrainaning prokurorini Trampning muxoliflariga tuhmat qilish uchun yozishni rejalashtirgan: Jozef Bayden, Mari Yovanovich va ukrainlar haqida zararli ma'lumotlar tarqatgan deb hisoblashadi. Pol Manafort, Trumpning saylov kampaniyasi raisi, 2016 yilgi AQSh prezidentlik kampaniyasi paytida.^[319][320]

Davlat departamentining bosh inspektori tomonidan yuborilgan ichki elektron pochta xabarlarida Kentning Yovanovich haqidagi "soxta yangiliklar qoralashi" ni tanqid qilgani, ularni Tramp bilan bog'langan konservativ radioeshittirish sharhlovchilari ta'kidlaganlar. Boshqa elektron pochta xabarida u Yovanovichga nisbatan ayblovlarni tarqatayotgan Ukraina prokurorini rad etdi va ular "to'liq ko'knor" ekanligini aytdi.^[319] Shuningdek, u 2019 yil may oyida bo'lib o'tgan uchrashuvdan so'ng guvohlik berdi Mik Mulvani, u asosan Ukraina siyosatini ishlab chiqish to'g'risidagi qarorlardan chetlashtirilib, prezident Trampning insayderlari - Gordon Sondland, Kurt Volker va Rik Perri - "noto'g'ri". Uchalasi "o'zlarini endi Ukraina siyosati uchun javobgar bo'lgan uch kishi deb e'lon qilishdi".^[319] Muayyan vaqtlarda Kentga Ukraina bilan bog'liq masalalarda "pastroq" turishi kerak edi.

Uning ko'rsatmalaridan xabardor bo'lganlar, Jou va Hunter Baydenga murojaat qilib, Kent tergovchilarga 2015 yilidayoq u o'sha paytdagi vitse-prezidentning o'g'li Ukrainaning energetika kompaniyasining boshqaruv kengashida o'tirgani to'g'risida tashvish bildirishga harakat qilganini aytdi. Burisma Holdings. Jo Baydenning maslahatchilari o'zaro yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan manfaatlar to'qnashuvini muhokama qildilar va bir sobiq maslahatchisi "suhbatni qisqa bo'lsa-da, Baydenga aytib berish uchun etarli darajada xavotirda edi".^[321]

Kent shuningdek, Ukrainaga tegishli to'rtta maqolaning hikoyalari haqida guvohlik berdi Jon Sulaymon va Fox News dasturlarida namoyish etilgan Shon Xanniti va Laura Ingram chalg'ituvchi edi, ba'zi hollarda "to'liq mato bilan to'qilgan".^[322]

Maykl MakKinli

Maykl MakKinli 2019 yil 16 oktyabrda guvohlik bergan. U to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Mayk Pompeo ostida xizmat qilgan va uning vazifasi Pompeo va tashqi xizmatning qolgan qismi o'rtasidagi aloqadir.^[323] MakKinli tergovchilarga oktyabr oyi boshida iste'foga chiqqanligi sababli, AQShdagi kariyer diplomatlariga nisbatan yomon munosabatda bo'lganligi va Ukraina prezidentini prezident Trampga nisbatan tergov olib borishga majburlash harakatlari haqida qayg'uli ayblovlar borligini aytdi. Shuningdek, u ichki siyosiy muxoliflar haqida zararli ma'lumotlar to'plash natijalari, "Tashqi xizmat ruhiyatiga va bizning chet eldagi ishimiz halolligiga" ta'sir qilishi mumkinligi sababli ishdan bo'shatildi,^[323][324] shuningdek, kariyer diplomatlarining hech qanday ta'siri bo'lmaganligi va impichment so'rovi davomida tashqi xizmat xodimlarining himoyasi va qo'llab-quvvatlanmaganligi. Uning bezovtalanishining avj nuqtasi elchi Yovanovichni chaqirib olish edi, uni o'zi va boshqa ko'plab martaba diplomatlari asossiz va jazolangan deb hisoblashdi.^[323][324]

Gordon D. Sondland

Gordon Sondland (o‘ng tomonda) 2019 yil 20-mayda Vladimir Zelenskiy inauguratsiyasida.

Gordon D. Sondland, Qo'shma Shtatlarning Evropadagi elchisi,^[319] Ba'zilarning fikriga ko'ra, Ukrainaga bosim o'tkazish harakatlari markazida bo'lgan. U 17-oktabr kuni impichment bo'yicha tergovchilar bilan uchrashgan. Sondland o'z ko'rsatuvida Trampning Ukrainani siyosiy raqibini tergov qilish uchun bosim o'tkazishga qaratilgan harakatlarini tanqid qilgan. U Tramp Ukrainaning tashqi siyosatini Giulianiga topshirganiga guvohlik berdi, bu Sondland o'zining e'tirozini bildirgan, ammo Trampning prezidentlik vakolatini qabul qilgan deb ta'kidlagan, garchi boshqa guvohlar Sondlandning qasddan qatnashganiga qaramay, Ukraina uning elchixonasi vakolatiga kirmasa ham.^[325] Sondlandning guvohligidan bir necha kun o'tgach, uning advokati Robert Luskin Sondland o'z ko'rsatuvlarida Tramp va uning sheriklarining Ukrainani Tramp-Zelenskiy Oq uy uchrashuvi evaziga tergovni boshlashi uchun bosim o'tkazishga urinishlari uni tashkil etganiga ishonganini aytdi. quid pro quo.^[326][327] Keyinchalik Sondlend qo'shimcha yozma guvohligida bu quid pro quo Zelenskiyning yordamchisi Andriy Yermak bilan suhbatlashganini aytib, harbiy yordamga ham cho'zildi.^[328]

Uilyam Teylor

Bill Teylor 2019 yil 22-oktabrda topshirilgan Kongress guvohligi uchun ochilgan bayonotini tayyorladi^[329]

2019 yil 22 oktyabrda, Uilyam Teylor, Qo'shma Shtatlarning yuqori martabali diplomatik vakili Ukraina, Kongress tergovchilariga guvohlik berdi. Teylor 2019 yil iyul oyi o'rtalarida Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasidagi potentsial Oq uy uchrashuvi "Burisma tergovi va Ukrainaning 2016 yildagi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi bilan bog'liqligi" bilan bog'liqligini bilganligini va keyinchalik unga 2019 yil sentyabr oyida aytganligini tasdiqladi. AQShning Ukrainaga harbiy yordami ham shu kabi tekshiruvlarga, shu jumladan Bidenlarga bog'liqligiga bog'liq edi.^{[15][330][331]}

Teylorning ta'kidlashicha, o'zi boshchiligidagi Ukrainadagi "muntazam, rasmiy diplomatik jarayonlar" dan tashqari, Ukrainaga nisbatan "o'ta tartibsiz", "AQSh siyosatining norasmiy kanali" bo'lgan. Norasmiy kanal 2019 yil may oyida Rudi Djuliani tomonidan "rahbarlik" ostida boshlandi, shuningdek Kurt Volker, Gordon Sondland va Rik Perri ishtirok etdi. Teylorning ta'kidlashicha, 2019 yil avgustga qadar u norasmiy kanal "AQShning uzoq yillik siyosatining maqsadlariga zid ravishda ish olib borayotganini" anglagan, rasmiy kanal esa "AQSh va Ukrainaning kuchli sherikligini" xohlamoqda. Teylorning so'zlariga ko'ra, norasmiy kanal Oq uyda prezidentlarning uchrashuvi tergov bilan bog'liq bo'lishi g'oyasini "qo'zg'atgan".^[332][333]

Teylor 2019 yil iyun oyida Zelenskiy, Sondlend, Volker va Perri o'rtasida bo'lib o'tgan qo'ng'iroq uchun Sondland "u idoralararo doimiy ishtirokchilarning ko'pchiligini kiritishni istamaganligini" va "u hech kim transkripsiyani yozib olmaganligiga ishonch hosil qilishni xohlaganini" aytdi. monitoring ». Trampning Zelenskiy bilan 2019 yil iyul oyida bo'lib o'tgan qo'ng'irog'iga kelsak, Teylor Zelenskiy bilan bir kun o'tgach uchrashishi kerak bo'lsa ham, Oq uyning chaqirig'i haqida hech qanday xabar olmaganini aytdi.^[332]

Teylorning aytishicha, u 1 sentyabr kuni Sondland Zelenskiyning yordamchisi Andriy Yermakka Ukrainaga harbiy yordam Zelenskiyning Burisma tergovini olib borishiga bog'liqligini aytganini Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi yordamchisi Tim Morrisondan eshitgan. Teylor Sondlandning unga qo'ng'iroq qilishda Tramp Zelenskiyni ikkita tergovga buyurtma berishini ochiq e'lon qilishini istashini aytishini va shu tariqa Zelenskiyni "jamoat qutisiga" joylashtirganini aytdi. Teylor Sondlandning so'zlariga ko'ra, "hamma narsa", shu jumladan harbiy yordam va Trump-Zelenskiy uchrashuvi ushbu e'longa bog'liq.^[332][334]

Laura Kuper

2019 yil 23 oktyabrda, Laura Kuper, mudofaa kotibi yordamchisining o'rinbosari Rossiya, Ukraina va Evroosiyo uchun,^[335] uchta Kongress qo'mitasi oldida yopiq majlisda guvohlik berdi.^[336] Dastlab o'sha kuni ertalab rejalashtirilgan Kuperning guvohligi taxminan besh soatga kechiktirildi. Mett Gets (R-FL) Nozik bo'linadigan axborot vositasi Impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv qo'mitasining yig'ilishlari o'tkaziladigan (SCIF),^[337] va ketishni rad etdi, bir vaqtning o'zida pizza buyurtma qildi.^[338] Guruh respublikachilar uchun yopiq Demokratik tinglovlar o'tkazilgan deb da'vo qilganlariga norozilik bildirdi,^[339] garchi tinglovlarni birgalikda o'tkazadigan uchta qo'mitaning a'zosi bo'lgan 48 respublikachi tinglovlarda qatnashish huquqiga ega bo'lsa ham, ba'zilari qatnashgan. Ushbu a'zolarning 13 nafari norozilik namoyishida qatnashdi.^[340] Guvohlik ko'rsatmalarining keyingi nashrlari shuni ko'rsatdiki, respublikachilarga guvohlarni so'roq qilish uchun teng vaqt berilgan.^[341] Demokratlar uzilishlar sababli tanqid bilan javob qaytarishdi va respublikachilarni ushbu hududda uyali telefonlarni taqiqlovchi SCIFni tartibga soluvchi qoidalarni buzishda aybladilar.^[342] Namoyish tugagandan so'ng, Kuper taxminan 3,5 soat davom etgan guvohligini yakunladi.^[343] Undan Ukrainaga harbiy yordamni o'tkazish jarayoni qanday ketayotgani haqida gaplashishi kutilgan edi.^[342] U yordamni bo'shatishga harakat qilgan deb ishoniladi.^[344] Ertasi kuni uning advokati Pentagondan guvohlik bermaslikni so'rab, tergov bilan hamkorlik qilishga qarshi keng ma'muriyat siyosatiga asoslanib xat olgani ma'lum bo'ldi.^[345]

Filipp Riker

Filipp Riker, 27 yoshli faxriy AQSh tashqi xizmati, 2019 yil 26 oktyabrda guvohlik berdi.^[346] U yordamchi vazifasini bajaruvchi Evropa va Evroosiyo ishlari byurosi, Ukrainani nazorat qiladi.^[347][348] Reeker nominal ravishda Amerikani boshqargan Ukraina siyosati. Biroq, ilgari impichment bo'yicha so'rovnomalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, siyosat aslida Giuliani va siyosiy tayinlovchilar tomonidan boshqarilgan. Rikerning yozuvlari shuni ko'rsatadiki, u siyosiy bo'lmagan diplomat sifatida "bemalol" va "professionalligi" bilan tanilgan.^[347] Reeker Davlat departamentining yuqori lavozimli mulozimlariga "yolg'on tarqatilayotgani to'g'risida" ogohlantirdi [Mari] Yovanovich."^[347] Ukraina siyosatini boshqaruvchi Reeker ostida ishlagan Jorj Kent elektron pochta orqali elektron pochta orqali Yovanovichni "klassik dezinformatsiya kampaniyasining" echkisi deb e'lon qildi.^[347] Reeker ushbu ogohlantirishni "yubordi"Devid Xeyl, Davlat departamentidagi uchinchi eng yuqori martabali amaldor va Ulrix Brechbul, Davlat kotibi Mayk Pompeoning eng yaqin va ishonchli do'sti ".^[347] The AQSh Davlat departamentining bosh inspektori impichment bo'yicha tergovchilarga ushbu elektron pochta xabarlarini taqdim etdi.^[347][348]

Aleksandr S. Vindman

Podpolkovnik Aleksandr S. Vindmanning Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka bo'yicha doimiy tanlangan qo'mitasi, tashqi ishlar bo'yicha qo'mitasi va nazorat va islohotlar bo'yicha qo'mitasi oldida to'liq rasmiy ochilish bayonoti 2019 yil 29 oktyabr

Podpolkovnik Aleksandr S. Vindman Milliy xavfsizlik kengashida xizmat qilgan. 2019 yil 29 oktyabrda u yopiq sessiya oldida guvohlik berdi Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, Tashqi ishlar va Nazorat Qo'mitalar. Uning ochilish bayonotida u "2019 yilning bahorida men" AQSh milliy xavfsizligi uchun zararli "va" buzilgan "idoralararo konsensus qarashlariga mos kelmaydigan" Ukrainaning yolg'on va muqobil bayonotini targ'ib qilayotgan tashqi ta'sir ko'rsatuvchilar to'g'risida xabardor bo'ldim. AQSh hukumatining Ukraina bilan hamkorlikni kengaytirishga qaratilgan sa'y-harakatlari ".^[249]

Shuningdek, Vindman o'zini noxush deb topgan va o'sha paytdagi yuqori lavozimli mulozimlarga, shuningdek Milliy xavfsizlik kengashining etakchi advokatiga aytgan ikkita voqeadan xavotirda ekanligini aytdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Birinchi voqea 10 iyul kuni Ukrainaning o'sha paytdagi uchrashuvida sodir bo'ldi milliy xavfsizlik va mudofaa kengashining kotibi Oleksandr Danlylyuk, undan keyin AQSh milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi Jon Bolton, qaysi elchilar Volker va Sondlend va energetika kotibi Rik Perri ishtirok etdi. Ushbu yig'ilishda Sondland Ukrainadan Prezident Tramp bilan uchrashish sharti sifatida Bidenlar ustidan tergov boshlashni iltimos qildi. Vindmanning so'zlariga ko'ra, Bolton uchrashuvni qisqartirgan va u ham, Fiona Xill ham elchi Sondlandga uning mulohazalari noo'rin ekanligini va u o'z xavotirlarini MXKning etakchi maslahatchisiga etkazganini aytgan.^[349]

Ikkinchi hodisa Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasida 25 iyul kuni bo'lib o'tgan telefon qo'ng'irog'ida Tramp to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Zelenskiydan harbiy yordam evaziga Bidenlarni tekshirishni so'raganida sodir bo'ldi. Vindman: "Meni qo'ng'iroq tashvishlantirdi. Men chet el hukumatidan AQSh fuqarosini tergov qilishni talab qilishni to'g'ri deb o'ylamadim va AQSh hukumatining Ukrainani qo'llab-quvvatlashi oqibatlari va AQShga putur etkazish ehtimoli haqida tashvishlandim. milliy xavfsizlik. "^[350]

Vindmanning ko'rsatmalaridan uch kun o'tgach, Politico u bu haqda guvohlik berganini xabar qildi Jon Eyzenberg, Milliy Xavfsizlik Kengashining yuqori darajadagi advokati unga Tramp-Zelenskiy qo'ng'irog'i mazmuni bilan bog'liq tashvishlarini hech kim bilan muhokama qilmaslikni buyurdi.^[351]

Tim Morrison

Milliy xavfsizlik kengashining rasmiy vakili Tim Morrison 31-oktabr kuni yopiq yig'ilishda guvohlik berdi. Morrison Uilyam Teylorning avvalgi ko'rsatmalarini tasdiqladi va Teylor ularning suhbatlarining "mohiyati" bo'yicha "aniq" bo'lganligini aytdi, ammo ular bor edi tafsilotlarning ikkita farqi, birinchisi uchrashuv joyi. Ikkinchi farq haqida Morrisonning guvohlik berishicha, Sondland bilan 2019 yil 1 sentyabrda suhbat chog'ida Sondland Ukraina prezidentining maslahatchisi Andriy Yermakka Ukrainaga harbiy yordam yangi Ukraina Bosh prokurori tomonidan "ommaviy bayonot bilan" shart qilinganligini taklif qilgan. Burisma bo'yicha tergovni qayta boshlash (Teylorning guvohligi Zelenskiy e'lon qilishi kerak edi).^{[352][353][354][355]}

Morrison, shuningdek, qo'ng'iroqni o'zi tinglagan holda, 2019 yil iyul oyida bo'lib o'tgan Tramp - Zelenskiy chaqirig'ini muhokama qildi. U qonunchilarga "zudlik bilan" Oq uy advokatlari chaqirig'idan xavotir bildirganini, chunki uning xulosasi salbiy oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkinligidan xavotirda ekanligini aytdi, ammo u har qanday noqonuniy narsa muhokama qilingan deb o'ylamasligini aytdi.^[352][356]

Ommaviy guvohlik

2019 yil 19-noyabr

Aleksandr Vindman u Trampning Ukraina prezidenti bilan suhbati chog'ida eshitganlari haqida razvedka xizmatining xodimiga hisobot berganini va telefon orqali suhbat chog'ida prezident eslatib o'tgan narsalarini "noto'g'ri" deb hisoblaganini aytdi.^{[357][358][359]}

Vitse-prezident Mayk Pensning Evropadagi xavfsizlik bo'yicha bosh maslahatchisi Jennifer Uilyams telefon konvertatsiyasini ham tinglaganiga guvohlik berdi.^[360] Ikkalasi ham Tramp ma'muriyatining bu borada bilim olishga qiziqishini tan oldi Burisma tortishuvlar ham.^[361]

Uning jamoat guvohligida, Kurt Volker o'zining avvalgi shaxsiy izohlariga o'zgartishlar kiritib, shundan beri "men ushbu voqealar paytida bilmagan ko'p narsalarni bilib oldim" dedi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, harbiy hibsxona va Ukraina tomonidan tergov o'tkazishni talab qilish o'rtasida hech qanday bog'liqlik yo'qligini anglamagan, ammo palata oldida ko'rsatma bergan guvohlar kaskadining ma'lumotlari keyinchalik uning boshqa nuqtai nazarga ega bo'lishiga olib kelgan. Shuningdek, u Burismani tergov qilish haqidagi gap aslida Bidensni nishonga olish uchun qilinganligini tushunmaganligini aytadi. U yana qo'shib qo'ydi: "Ortga nazar tashlasak, men bu aloqani boshqacha ko'rishim kerak edi va agar shunday qilganimda o'z e'tirozlarimni bildirgan bo'lar edim."^{[362][363][364]}

Uning guvohligi paytida, Tim Morrison Sondland unga sentyabr oyida Ukrainaning rasmiy vakili Andriy Yermak bilan AQSh yordami to'g'risida suhbatlashganda Sondland unga aytgan degan quid pro quo-ni batafsil bayon qildi. 1, u Ukrainaning Yermakga "yordamni ko'tarish sharti sifatida tergovga nisbatan bosh prokuror bayonot berishi kerak" dedi.^{[365][366][367]}

2019 yil 20-noyabr

Evropa Ittifoqidagi elchi Gordon Sondlend u o'z ishini Giuliani bilan "prezidentning aniq ko'rsatmasi" da olib borganiga va Tuli nomidan Ukrainaning kvid pro kvo sxemasiga rahbarlik qilish Djuliani tayinlanganiga ishongan.^[248] Shuningdek, u ma'muriyatda hamma "ilmoqdalar" dedi, xususan Jon Bolton, Mayk Pompeo, Ulrix Brechbul va Mayk Pens "ular nima bilan shug'ullanayotganlarini va nima uchun buni bilishgan" deb aytdilar.^[368] Sondland, shuningdek, Trump hech qachon unga Ukrainaga yordam paketi tergov e'lon qilinishi bilan bog'liqligini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri aytmaganligini aytdi, ammo Sondland bunga ishondi va u Zelenskiy uchun potentsial Oq uy taklifini Ukrainaga qarshi tergovni e'lon qilish bilan bog'liq bo'lishi kerakligini tushundi. saylovlar va Burisma.^[248][369]

Xuddi shu kuni, Laura Kuper Rossiya, Ukraina va Evrosiyo bo'yicha mudofaa kotibi yordamchisining o'rinbosari, Ukraina rasmiylari Tramp-Zelenskiy chaqirig'i kuni 25-iyulga qadar harbiy yordamni ushlab turish to'g'risida bilganlarini va bu bo'lishi mumkin emasligi haqidagi da'voni bekor qilganligini ko'rsatdi. quid pro quo chunki Ukraina ushlab turishdan xabardor emas edi.^[370] Devid Xeyl, kim sifatida xizmat qiladi AQSh davlat kotibi siyosiy masalalar bo'yicha, buni an-dan bilib olganligini ko'rsatdi OMB Trumpning ko'rsatmasi bilan Ukrainaga yordam ushlab qolinmagan rasmiy.^[371]

2019 yil 21-noyabr

Fiona tepaligi - 2019 yilning avgustiga qadar Milliy Xavfsizlik Kengashidagi Rossiyaning eng yaxshi mutaxassisi bo'lgan - respublikachilar 2016 yilgi saylovlarga Rossiya emas, balki Ukraina aralashgan degan "xayoliy rivoyat" ni e'lon qilganlikda tanqid qilib, nazariyani Rossiya tomonidan ekilganligini va uning qo'lida o'ynaganini ta'kidladilar.^[372] Xill bilan birga guvohlik berish AQShning Ukrainadagi elchixonasida siyosiy ishlar bo'yicha amaldagi rahbar bo'lgan, Devid Xolms, Giulianining roli haqida tashvishlanayotganini aytgan va Sondland, Volker va AQSh energetika vaziri Rik Perrini Trump va Giuliani bilan Ukraina kampaniyasini boshqargan "Uch amigo" deb ta'riflagan.^{[373][374][375]}

Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi hisoboti

2019 yil 25-noyabr kuni Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi raisi Adam Shiff kongress minnatdorchilik ta'tilidan qaytgach, impichment bo'yicha surishtiruv bo'yicha qo'mita hisoboti Vakillar palatasi Sud-huquq qo'mitasiga yuborilganda impichmentga qaratilgan keyingi qadamlar qo'yilishini bildirgan xatni e'lon qildi.^[376][377]

3 dekabr kuni Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi partiyalar qatori bo'yicha 13–9 ovoz berib, qabul qildi hisobot va shuningdek uni Vakillar palatasining Sud-huquq qo'mitasiga yuboring.^{[21][378][379]}

Hisobotning kirish so'zida:^[380]

Impichment bo'yicha o'tkazilgan surishtiruv natijalariga ko'ra, Prezident Tramp shaxsan o'zi va AQSh hukumati ichidagi va tashqarisidagi agentlar orqali harakat qilib, uning qayta saylanishiga foyda keltirish uchun chet el hukumati Ukrainaning aralashuvini so'ragan. Ushbu sxemani davom ettirishda Prezident Trump rasmiy harakatlarni Ukrainaning yangi Prezidenti Vladimir Zelenskiy tomonidan siyosiy sabablarga ko'ra o'tkazilgan tergovlar, shu jumladan Prezident Trumpning ichki siyosiy raqibiga nisbatan o'tkazilgan tergovlar to'g'risida ommaviy e'lon qilish sharti bilan shart qildi. Prezident Zelenskiyga uning talabini bajarish uchun bosim o'tkazishda Prezident Tramp Ukraina prezidenti umidvorlik bilan Oq uydagi uchrashuvni va Rossiyaning Ukraina sharqidagi tajovuzlariga qarshi kurashish uchun tanqidiy harbiy yordamini yashirdi.

Prezident ushbu xatti-harakatni o'z prezidentligini qayta saylash, siyosiy raqibning saylov istiqbollariga zarar etkazish va xalqimizning yaqinlashib kelayotgan prezidentlik saylovlariga o'z foydasiga ta'sir qilishi uchun foydalandi. Bunda Prezident o'zining shaxsiy va siyosiy manfaatlarini Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining milliy manfaatlaridan ustun qo'ydi, AQSh prezident saylovi jarayonining yaxlitligini buzishga intildi va AQSh milliy xavfsizligiga xavf tug'dirdi.

Ushbu tergov markazida Prezident Trampning 2019 yil 25 iyuldagi Ukraina Prezidenti bilan telefon qo'ng'irog'idan so'ng tayyorlangan memorandum bo'lib, Oq uy maxfiyligini o'chirib tashladi va jamoatchilikning katta bosimi ostida e'lon qildi. Faqat qo'ng'iroq yozuvlari noto'g'ri xatti-harakatlarning aniq dalilidir; Prezidentning shaxsiy siyosiy manfaatini milliy manfaatdan ustun qo'yishini namoyish etish. Prezident Zelenskiy AQShning muhim harbiy yordami uchun minnatdorchiligiga javoban, Prezident Tramp tushuntirishsiz muzlatib qo'ydi, Prezident Tramp "yaxshilik" bo'lishini so'radi: uning qayta saylanish harakatlariga yordam berish uchun mo'ljallangan ikkita aniq tekshiruv.^[21]:8–9

Keyingi o'zgarishlar

Lev Parnas va Igor Frumanning ishtiroki

Jon M. Dovudga mijozlari Lev Parnas va Igor Frumanlar to'g'risida sudga chaqiruv varaqasi berilgan

Lev Parnas va Igor Fruman Rudi Djulianining sheriklari, unga Jo Baydenga qarshi siyosiy motivli tekshiruvda yordam bergan. Ular ilgari ishlagan Dmytry Firtash, ukrainalik oligarx Adliya vazirligi tomonidan ayblanmoqda va Rossiyaning yuqori darajadagi uyushgan jinoyatchiligiga aloqador deb hisoblanmoqda.^[381] Ularning advokati Jon Dovd, ilgari Trampning vakili bo'lgan Myuller tergovi, 2019 yil oktyabr oyida Kongressga erkaklar Tramp nomidan Giulianiga ishlarida yordam berishgan.^[61] Ikkalasi ham Sovet Ittifoqida tug'ilgan Florida ko'chmas mulk biznesmenlari va Amerikaning fuqaroligi.^[105][382]

Ikkalasi 2019 yil 9 oktyabr kuni kechqurun hibsga olingan va "AQSh-Ukraina munosabatlariga ta'sir o'tkazishga urinish paytida chet el hukumatidan mablag'ni AQSh siyosatchilariga yo'naltirishni rejalashtirish" da ayblangan. Ular hibsga olingan Dulles xalqaro Avstriyaning Vena shahri yo'lida AQShni tark etishga urinayotganda. Ertasi kuni tunda Rudi Juliani ham Venaga uchishi kerak edi.^[383][384] Ularning hibsga olinishi, Trump-Ukraina mojarosida birinchi bo'lib, "diplomatiyani saylov kampaniyasini moliyalashtirish to'g'risidagi qonun buzilishi bilan bog'laydigan moliyaviy va siyosiy o'zaro aloqalarning murakkab tarmog'i" deb ta'riflandi.^[61] Nyu-York Federal qidiruv byurosi rahbari tergovni "buzuq xatti-harakatlar, qasddan qonun buzilishi to'g'risida" deb ta'rifladi.^[61] Parnas va Friman ikkalasi ham o'zlarini aybsiz deb hisoblashdi. Parnasning advokati uning mijoziga qarshi ba'zi dalillar prezidentlik tomonidan ko'rib chiqilishi mumkinligini aytdi ijro etuvchi imtiyoz, Giuliani Tramp va Parnasning ham vakili bo'lgan.^[385]

Ayblovlar Parnas va Frumanni AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisini haydash kampaniyasiga bevosita bog'lab qo'ydi, Mari Yovanovich, uning lavozimidan va uni esga soling.^[386] Bu ko'p oylar davomida yuz berdi.^[105] 2018 yilda ushbu operatsiya tarkibiga Parnas va Fruman mablag 'ajratdilar va keyinchalik "uni haydab chiqarish kampaniyasiga" yollangan ismini oshkor qilmagan kongressmenga qo'shimcha pul va'da qildilar.^[386] Mablag'larning bir qismi kampaniya cheklovlarini buzdi. Parnas va Fruman, shuningdek, saylovoldi tashviqoti uchun ayblangan. Kongressning sobiq vakili Pit sessiyalari (R-Texas) saylov kampaniyasini moliyalashtirish to'g'risidagi arizalar bilan o'zaro bog'liq bo'lib, uni ismi oshkor etilmagan kongressmen sifatida aniqladi. O'sha paytda u nufuzli Vakillar palatasi qoidalari qo'mitasining raisi sifatida u 2018 yil 9 mayda davlat kotibi Mayk Pompeoga "Yovanovich xonim amaldagi ma'muriyatga nisbatan" nafrat "bildirgani uchun ishdan bo'shatilishi kerakligi to'g'risida" xat yozgan.^[386] O'sha kuni ertalab Parnas va uning biznes sherigi Devid Korreya Sessions-ga Kapitoliy Xilldagi ofisida bo'lishdi.^[387] Korreiya Federal Qidiruv Byurosi tomonidan hibsga olingan JFK International 16 oktyabrda marixuana sxemasini ilgari surish uchun chet el pullarini siyosiy ta'sir o'tkazish uchun ishlatganlikda ayblanib.^[388]

2018 yilda Parnas va Fruman Giuliani tomonidan Ukrainaga Trampning AQShdagi siyosiy raqiblari to'g'risida zararli ma'lumot olish uchun yuborilgan. "Ularning vazifasi odamlarni va ma'lumotlarni buzish uchun ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan ma'lumotlarni topish edi Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi Shuningdek, sobiq vitse-prezident Jozef R. Baydenga zarar etkazish. "^[389] Ikkalasi ham Trumpni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi kuchlarning AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisini olib tashlashga qaratilgan harakatlari markazida edi, chunki uning prezident Trampga sodiqligi "u erda kun tartibini davom ettirar ekan" kam deb topildi.^[389] Shuningdek, 2018 yildan boshlangan bir yil davomida ikkalasi Giuliani ukrainlarga olib kelishdi, ular "Tijoratchilar to'g'risida asossiz hikoyani" targ'ib qilishlari mumkin edi.^[389] Ushbu xohlagan ukrainaliklar Yuriy Lutsenko, avvalgi Ukraina bosh prokurori, zararli ma'lumot ishlab chiqarishda Giulianining harakatlariga yordam berish uchun muhim bo'lgan. Giuliani 2019 yil dekabrida chop etilgan intervyusida "Men Yovanovichga kerak emasligiga ishongan edim. U tergovni hamma uchun qiyinlashtirmoqchi edi" dedi.^[390]

Giulianining Parnas va Fruman bilan munosabatlari Federal qidiruv byurosining Nyu-Yorkdagi dala vakolatxonasi va SDNY prokurorlar.^[391] Uning Ukrainadagi ishbilarmonlik faoliyati va lobbichilik qonunlarini buzilishi federal tekshiruv ostida,^[62][392] Federal qidiruv byurosi qarshi razvedkasi tomonidan.^[393][394] SDNY prokuraturasi Giulianining bankdagi bayonotlarini o'rganib chiqdi. Ular, shuningdek, uning moliyaviy holatini, shuningdek, Ukraina shahar meri bilan uchrashuvlarni va ular bilan ishlashni o'rganmoqdalar.^[392] SDNY tergovchilari 2019 yil avgustidan boshlab Giuliani haqida guvohlarni so'roq qilmoqda, uning Parnas va Fruman bilan munosabatlari to'g'risida ma'lumot yig'ishmoqda.^[392] Bloomberg yangiliklari 2019 yil noyabr oyida Giuliani tergovida chet el amaldorlariga pora berish yoki fitna ayblovlari kiritilishi mumkinligi haqida xabar berilgan.^[395]

Parnas va Frumanga ishora qilib, 10 oktabr kuni Tramp "Men o'sha janoblarni tanimayman" dedi, garchi o'sha kuni The Wall Street Journal Tramp 2018 yil may oyining boshida Oq uyda erkaklar bilan kechki ovqatni iste'mol qilgani haqida xabar berdi.^[383][396] BuzzFeed yangiliklari Lev Parnasning Prezident Tramp bilan, ikkala Parnas va Frumanning Vashingtonda, boshqa respublikachilar bilan suratga tushgan suratlari namoyish etildi.^[397] Tramp Parnas bilan 2014 yilning aprelida suratga tushgan edi.^[398]

2019 yil 15 oktyabrda Nyu-Yorkdagi katta hay'at sobiq kongressmenni chaqirgani haqida xabar berildi Pit sessiyalari (R-Texas) Giuliani, Parnas va Freeman bilan o'zaro aloqalari va hamkorligi to'g'risidagi hujjatlar va boshqa ma'lumotlar uchun. Chaqiruv puli Julianining Parnas va Friman bilan munosabatlari bo'yicha tergov faolligini ko'rsatdi, chunki prokuratura Djuliani har qanday noqonuniy xatti-harakatlarni amalga oshirganligini aniqlaydi. Giuliani chaqiruvning asosiy nuqtasi bo'lib tuyuladi.^[399] Sought after documents pertain to Giuliani's business affairs in Ukraine and his connection to the ouster of the former U.S. ambassador.^[399] The unsealed indictment against Parnas says he sought the help of the congressman to dismiss the former U.S. ambassador to Ukraine while sourcing the money to the congressman on behalf of "one or more Ukrainian government officials".^[400] Sessions followed up with a letter to the secretary of state requesting the ouster of the ambassador.

On November 4, 2019, Parnas's new attorney Joseph Bondy said his client would cooperate with congressional investigators in their Trump impeachment inquiry.^[401] Bondy later told The New York Times that shortly before Zelensky's May 20 inauguration, Parnas traveled to Kyiv to tell the incoming government that American military aid was contingent upon Ukraine's announcing an investigation of Joe Biden.^[402]

On January 14, 2020, the House Intelligence Committee released documents provided by Parnas, including text messages between Parnas and Robert Hyde, a Republican congressional candidate, in which Hyde described surveillance of Yovanovitch in Kyiv before she was recalled, including Hyde stating that she was under heavy security and "we have a person inside," adding, "they are willing to help if we/you would like a price" and "guess you can do anything in Ukraine with money."^[187][161] Two days later, Ukraine announced it was opening an investigation into the matter, while the State Department remained silent as the FBI visited Hyde's home and office.^[403][404] The documents also outlined text exchanges with then Ukrainian Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko in which he pushed for the ouster of Yovanovitch and offered information related to former U.S. Vice President Joe Biden in return.^[158][159]

On January 15, 2020, Parnas stated in an interview that "President Trump knew exactly what was going on. He was aware of all my movements. I wouldn't do anything without the consent of Rudy Giuliani or the president" about the effort to push Ukraine to investigate the Bidens.^[405] The next day, Trump again asserted that he knew nothing about Parnas.^[406]

In an audio recording reportedly made by Fruman during a small dinner in April 2018, after Parnas and Fruman tell Trump that Yovanovitch was bad-mouthing him, Trump is apparently heard to say "Get rid of her! Get her out tomorrow. I don't care. Get her out tomorrow. Take her out. Okay? Do it."^[136]

Boshqa hukumatlar bilan aloqa

Avstraliya

On October 1, 2019, it was reported that the transcript of a call with Australian prime minister Skott Morrison had been placed on the same top-secret server as the other transcripts. Trump was reported to have requested Morrison's aid in William Barr's investigation of the Mueller inquiry.^[407] Trump's request focused on the origins of the Mueller inquiry as a conversation between Australia's former foreign minister Aleksandr Douner and Trump campaign team member Jorj Papadopulos led to the investigation.^[408] The Australian government confirmed the call had taken place and that Morrison had articulated to the President that "the Australian Government has always been ready to assist and cooperate with efforts that help shed further light on the matters under investigation," but did not elaborate on what, if any, assistance had been offered.^[407] In a letter to William Barr dated May 28, Djo Xokkey, Australia's ambassador to the U.S., pledged that the Australian government would "use its best endeavours" to support Barr's investigation.^[407] Hockey later rejected claims that Downer had been part of a conspiracy among intelligence agencies around the world to prevent Trump's election and undermine his eventual presidency.^[409]

The White House responded by dismissing the reports, claiming it was part of a routine request to grant Australian authorities access to Department of Justice resources to facilitate an investigation that had been open for several months.^[407] When questioned by a journalist, Morrison rejected Opposition Leader Entoni Albanes 's accusation that he had jeopardized Australia's national security for the sake of a personal relationship with the president and instead insisted that cooperating with Barr's investigation was in the national interest. Morrison claimed that no specific request had been made of his government, but refused to go into detail as to what support had been provided, citing national security concerns.^[410]

Italiya

On September 30, it was reported that Attorney General William Barr had travelled to Rim to enlist the support of Italian authorities in his investigation.^[411] Barr sought information related to a conspiracy theory that Jozef Mifsud was a Western intelligence operative who allegedly entrapped Trump campaign advisor George Papadopoulos in order to establish a false predicate for the FBI to open an investigation into Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi. Contrary to the conspiracy theory, that investigation was actually initiated after the Australian government notified American authorities that its diplomat Aleksandr Douner had a chance encounter with Papadopoulos, who boasted about possible access to Hillary Clinton emails held by the Russian government. Mifsud was last known to be in Rome in 2017, but had since disappeared.^[2][412] Washington Post reported on November 22, 2019, that the Justice Department inspector general had aggressively investigated the allegation that Mifsud had been directed to entrap Papadopoulos, but found it was without merit.^[413]

Xitoy

On October 3, Trump publicly called upon Xitoy to investigate Hunter Biden's business activities there while his father was vice president.^[46][50] In 2013, Biden, Devon Archer, and Chinese businessman Jonathan Li founded BHR Hamkorlari, a business focused on investing Chinese capital in companies based outside of China.^{[89][414][415]} In September, Trump falsely claimed Biden "walk[ed] out of China with $1.5 billion in a fund" and earned "millions" of dollars from the BHR deal.^[416][417]

Trump discussed the political prospects of Biden, as well as former candidate Elizabeth Uorren, another political rival, during a June 18 phone call with Chinese leader Si Tszinpin. The record of the call was stored on the same highly restricted computer system used for the Trump–Zelensky call record. According to two people familiar with the discussion, Trump told Xi on the same call that "he would remain quiet on Gonkong norozilik namoyishlari as trade talks progressed."^[34] The day after Trump's call for China to investigate Hunter Biden, Senator Mitt Romney said: "it strains credulity to suggest that [the request] is anything other than politically motivated."^[418] The Chinese foreign ministry said that the Chinese government had "no intention of intervening in the domestic affairs of the United States".^[419]

Michael Pillsbury, a China scholar at the Hudson instituti and a Trump advisor on trade negotiations with China, was quoted by the Financial Times on October 10: "I got quite a bit of background on Hunter Biden from the Chinese."^[420] Pillsbury denied the quote on C-SPAN hours later, asserting: "I haven't spoken to the Financial Times for a month." The Financial Times released an email showing Pillsbury made the statement on October 9. Pillsbury later told Washington Post, "most everything I learned was already public or well-known" and that the Chinese "really, really didn't want to talk about it".^[421]

Jon Boltonning qo'lyozmasi

26-yanvar kuni The New York Times reported that former national security advisor John Bolton had written in a draft of his forthcoming book, Bu sodir bo'lgan xona, that the president told him in August 2019 that he wanted to continue freezing $391 million in aid to Ukraine until officials there pursued investigations into Democrats, including the Bidens.^[246] Tramp Boltonning da'vosini rad etdi.^[422] The manuscript was releases after the first week of the impeachment trial, prompting House impeachment managers to call for the Senate to call Bolton as a witness.^[423] Bolton also claimed to have discussed the suspension of aid with Attorney General William Barr, and that the two had shared concerns over Trump offering personal favours to the leaders of autocratic regimes around the world, including Rajab Toyyib Erdo'g'an in Turkey and Xi Jinping in China. The Times later reported that Bolton's manuscript described a May 2019 Oval Office meeting during which Trump directed Bolton to call Zelensky to ask him to meet with Giuliani about getting damaging information on the Bidens. Bolton reportedly wrote that Giuliani, Mulvaney and White House counsel Pat Sipollon —who, at the time of the report, was representing Trump in the impeachment trial—attended the meeting. Tramp Boltonga buni aytishni rad etdi, Juliani esa Mulvaney yoki Sipollonening Ukraina bilan bog'liq uchrashuvlarda qatnashishini rad etdi.^[424] Cipollone previously stated he never attended Ukraine-related meetings, and Mulvaney said he avoided Trump–Giuliani meetings so as to not jeopardize their attorney-client privilege.^[425]

Boshqa federal tekshiruvlar

In a January 2020 memo to all Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining advokatlari, department component heads and law enforcement agency heads,^[426] deputy attorney general Jeffri Rozen stated there "currently are several distinct open investigations being handled by different U.S. attorney's offices and/or department components that in some way potentially relate to Ukraine." Rosen advised the addressees that Richard Donoghue, the U.S. attorney for Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy okrugi (EDNY), had been assigned to coordinate these cases and "any and all new matters relating to Ukraine shall be directed exclusively to EDNY for investigation and proper handling." The memo stated that existing investigations would continue to be managed by the original investigators, but that any widening or expansion of those investigations required approval by Rosen and Donoghue.^[427] Federal prosecutors had indicated in December 2019 that it was likely new charges would be brought against Parnas, Fruman and two others,^[428] sifatida SDNY continued to investigate Giuliani into February and the Justice Department created an "intake process" to accept and scrutinize information from him about Joe Biden. That intake process was being managed by the Pittsburgh U.S. attorney's office boshchiligidagi Scott Brady.^[429]

Reaksiyalar

Kongress

On September 22, House speaker Nensi Pelosi said if the administration continued to withhold the whistleblower complaint from Congress, "they will be entering a grave new chapter of lawlessness which will take us into a whole new stage of investigation." House Intelligence Committee chairman Adam Schiff, stating he had previously been "very reluctant" to initiate impeachment proceedings against Trump, said, "we may very well have crossed the Rubicon here."^[430] The vast majority of Republicans did not comment on the matter, with notable exceptions of senators Lindsi Grem va Mitt Romni, both of whom suggested Trump should release information to resolve the situation.^[431]

On September 24, the Senate adopted by bir ovozdan rozilik a sense of the Senate resolution calling for the whistleblower complaint to be immediately transmitted to the Senatning razvedka qo'mitasi.^[432]

Following the release of the memorandum of the conversation between Trump and Zelensky, Senator Romney called the memorandum "deeply troubling" and asked for more information to be made public.^[433] Pelosi said the memorandum "confirms that the President engaged in behavior that undermines the integrity of our elections, the dignity of the office he holds and our national security".^[434][435]

Some Republican senators dismissed the credibility of the whistleblower complaint as eshitish, but legal analysts subsequently found that assertions the whistleblower made in the complaint were verified by the memorandum record of Trump's telephone call.^[436][437]

On September 26, during a House hearing, Representative Adam Schiff gave a summary of the "essence" and the "character" of the Trump–Zelensky call. One part of Schiff's retelling was not represented in the non-verbatim memorandum of the call provided by the White House, when Schiff stated: "And I'm going to say this only seven times so you better listen good. I want you to make up dirt on my political opponent, understand. Lots of it. On this and on that." After Representative Mayk Tyorner accused Schiff of "just making it up", Schiff responded that his summary "was meant to be at least part in parody" and acknowledged that "the president never said if you don't understand me, I'm going to say it seven more times." However, Schiff argued: "That's the message that the Ukraine president was receiving in not so many words."^[438]

Trump supporters on television, radio, and the Internet have pressured Republicans to continue supporting Trump. Republicans who have spoken out against Trump, expressed concern, or defended the whistleblower, such as senators Mitt Romney, Charles Grassley, Ben Sasse and Representative Adam Kinzinger, have come under criticism online by right-wing websites, with Romney becoming the target of baseless conspiracy theories and virusli tarqalish dezinformatsiya.^[439]

An October 21 political fact sheet release by Nancy Pelosi divided the scandal into three categories, according to the evidence, that "show Trump violated his oath of office": "The Shakedown", "The Pressure Campaign", and "The Cover-Up".^[440][441]

Despite President Trump and his allies insisting there had been no quid pro quo, mounting evidence from witness testimony indicated there had been, leading a growing number of Senate Republicans to accept there was a quid pro quo, while maintaining it was not illegal and did not justify impeachment.^[442] Washington Post reported that House Republicans were considering portraying Giuliani, Sondland and Mulvaney as freelancers who had acted in their own self-interests without Trump's involvement.^[443]

Prezident Tramp va Oq Uy

Media-ni ijro etish

President Trump answers questions from the press on September 22, 2019

In his initial comments to reporters on September 20, Trump characterized the whistleblower as "partisan", but added, "I do not know the identity of the whistleblower" and called the story "just another political hack job".^[444][d] Trump also said: "Somebody ought to look into Joe Biden's statement because it was disgraceful where he talked about billions of dollars that he's not giving to a certain country unless a certain prosecutor is taken off the case. So somebody ought to look into that," suggesting the press was not reporting it. The press has reported on the Joe Biden matter for months but found no evidence of wrongdoing.^{[85][87][447]} On September 23, Trump asserted: "If a Republican ever did what Joe Biden did, if a Republican ever said what Joe Biden said, they'd be getting the electric chair right now."^[448] Before the White House released a rough transcript, Trump claimed that his call with Zelensky was "largely congratulatory" and "largely [discussed] corruption". However, the White House's rough transcript showed only a short congratulatory comment and no mentions of corruption.^[449] On September 25, during a meeting with Ukrainian president Zelensky, Trump said: "I want [Zelensky] to do whatever he can. Biden's son walks out of Ukraine with millions and millions of dollars. I think it's a horrible thing."^[450] Trump also denied explicitly tying U.S. military aid to Ukraine's corruption investigation involving Burisma Holdings.^[451] Within six hours of the impeachment inquiry being announced on September 24, Trump and his campaign team started a fundraising drive for an "Impeachment Defense Team". Forty-eight hours later, they had raised in excess of $13 million and signed up 50,000 new donors.^[452][453]

On September 27, Trump characterized the person who provided the whistleblower with information on the call as "close to a spy", adding: "you know what we used to do in the old days when we were smart? Right? With spies and treason, right? We used to handle them a little differently than we do now."^[454] On September 29, Trump requested to meet the whistleblower, saying that he and the American people "deserved" to meet them. He later said the White House was trying to learn the identity of the whistleblower. He also demanded that Adam Schiff be arrested and questioned "at the highest level" for fraud and treason.^[455][456] A letter from the whistleblower's lawyers, addressed to the director of national intelligence, said that the whistleblower was afraid for their safety.^[455] Noyabr kuni 7 the whistleblower's lawyer sent a letter to the White House warning Trump to "cease and desist" calling for the public disclosure of the whistleblower's identity and "engaging in rhetoric and activity that places [the whistleblower] and their family in physical danger". The lawyer said the president would be legally and morally liable if anyone were to be "physically harmed as a result of his, or his surrogates', behavior".^[457]

On October 1, Trump claimed that any attempt to remove him from office would result in a "Civil War-like fracture". He also called for Schiff to be arrested for treason,^[458] and later claimed that Nancy Pelosi was "every bit as guilty as Liddle' [sic ] Adam Schiff for High Crimes and Misdemeanours, and even Treason" before calling for both Schiff and Pelosi to be impeached themselves as they had "evilly 'Colluded'".^[459]

Vitse prezident Mayk Pens and U.S. delegation meet with President Zelenskiy in Warsaw on September 1, 2019

On October 3, after stating that the U.S. has "tremendous power" and "many options" in the trade war with China "if they don't do what we want", Trump was asked by a reporter on what he hoped Zelensky would do after his phone call. Trump responded by publicly urging both Ukraine and China to investigate the Bidens.^[14] Later in the day, Vice President Mayk Pens voiced his support of Trump's comments, saying: "I think the American people have a right to know if the vice president of the United States or his family profited from his position."^[460] Pence said the activities of the Biden family were "worth looking into".^[461] Trump later claimed that when he called upon China to investigate the Bidens, his only interest was in thwarting corruption. Mitt Romney was critical of this, saying: "When the only American citizen President Trump singles out for China's investigation is his political opponent in the midst of the Democratic nomination process, it strains credulity to suggest that this is anything other than politically motivated."^[462]

Ukrainian President Zelensky with Kurt Volker va Rik Perri, May 2019

On October 4, Trump told congressional Republican leaders the only reason he had called Zelensky was at the urging of Energy Secretary Rik Perri, saying Perry wanted him to discuss a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant and that Trump had not even wanted to make the call. However, there is no mention of LNG in the publicly released summary of the conversation, and text messages exchanged among aides who were setting up the phone call made no mention of Perry, instead suggesting that Giuliani was the primary mover.^[463] Perry had been the administration's official representative at Zelensky's inauguration in May. During that trip; he pressured Zelensky to fire board members of Naftogaz, milliy neft va gaz kompaniyasi of Ukraine, and informed government and industry officials that the Trump administration wanted the entirety of Naftogaz's supervisory board replaced.^[105] Perry denied pressing for change at Naftogaz in a press conference on October 7, describing that as "a totally dreamed up story".^[106] On October 10, however, Perry was issued a subpoena by the Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, Uylarni nazorat qilish qo'mitasi, va Vakillar palatasining Xalqaro aloqalar qo'mitasi qisman uning Naftogaz bilan o'zaro aloqalariga tegishli.^{[107][108][109]}

Trampning 2020 yilgi saylov kampaniyasi ishlab chiqilgan aksiya reklama that repeated unsubstantiated claims about Biden, asserting that "when President Trump asks Ukraine to investigate corruption, the Democrats want to impeach him and their media lapdogs fall in line." CNN refused to broadcast the ads because Trump's claims had already been debunked and for disparaging its journalists.^[464]

Ukraina

Media-ni ijro etish

Vladimir Zelenskiy Donald Tramp bilan Nyu-Yorkda, 2019 yil 25 sentyabr

On September 20, Roman Truba, head of the Ukraine State Bureau of Investigations aytdi The Daily Beast that his agency had not investigated the Biden–Burisma connection and there were no signs of illegality there. Anton Herashchenko, a senior advisor to the Ukraine interior minister aytdi The Daily Beast that Ukraine will open such an investigation if there is an official request, along with details of why an investigation is needed and what to look for. Trump's requests have come through unofficial representatives such as Giuliani.^[96]

However, according to interviews and documents obtained by The New York Times, senior Ukrainian officials were aware that military aid was being withheld by the first week in August,^[223] and after initially having difficulty ascertaining what was holding up the aid,^[223] by September Trump's envoy to Ukraine Kurt Volker was in negotiations with Zelensky's senior aide Andriy Yermak over the wording of the proposed public statement.^[465] Volker pressed for wording explicitly confirming investigations into Joe Biden's alleged pressure campaign for the removal of the Ukrainian prosecutor who was allegedly investigating Burisma, and into accusations that Ukraine had been involved in interference with the 2016 U.S. presidential election in favor of Hillary Clinton, while Yermak attempted to negotiate less explicit language.^[465]

George Kent, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, testified to the congressional impeachment inquiry that "Zelensky needed to go to a microphone and basically there needed to be three words in the message": investigations, Biden, 2016 (or synonymously, Hillary Clinton).^[466] Diplomat Bill Taylor testified that Trump insisted that the public declaration be made on CNN va Times reporting found that Zelensky's staff finally capitulated to this demand, and arranged for him to appear on Zakariya 's CNN program on September 13 to make the statement. The appearance was canceled after the Ukraine aid was released on September 11.^[465]

Ukrainian foreign minister Vadim Pristayko told a Ukrainian news outlet on September 21: "I know what the [phone] conversation was about and I think there was no pressure. This conversation was long, friendly, and it touched on many questions, sometimes requiring serious answers."^[467] Prystaiko was also quoted as saying: "I want to say that we are an independent state, we have our secrets."^[467] On September 22, Senator Kris Merfi said Zelensky told him he had no intention to get involved with an American election.^[468]

In an interview released on September 24, Ukrainian diplomat and politician Valentin Nalyvaychenko aytdi The Daily Beast that Ukrainian authorities would be reopening corruption investigations into multiple individuals and organizations including, potentially, Burisma, Trump campaign manager Pol Manafort, Teleboshlovchi Larri King, and former prosecutor Yuriy Lutsenko. King was suspected of receiving shilimshiq fond payments recorded in the "black ledger" that also named Manafort. Nalyvaichenko accused Lutsenko of having been in communication with associates of Trump "for vindictive purposes".^[469]

During the joint press conference on September 25 with Trump for reporters gathered at the Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Bosh assambleyasi, President Volodymyr Zelensky told reporters: "We had I think good phone call. It was normal. We spoke about many things. So, I think, and you read it, that nobody pushed me."^[450][470] The next day, Zelensky said President Trump had not pressured anyone nor made any promises, and that the prosecutor ceneral Ruslan Riaboshapka would investigate all domestic cases without prejudice.^[471] On September 30, Zelensky made it clear that he was not going to interfere with the intra-American party confrontation.^[472] Subsequently, at an all-day press conference on October 10, Zelensky said he only learned about the blockage of the military aid after the July 25 phone call. "We didn't speak about this. There was no blackmail."^[473][474]

Yevropa Ittifoqi

During the conversation, Zelensky and Trump criticized Germaniya kansleri Angela Merkel va Yevropa Ittifoqi for a lack of support toward Ukraine.^[475] Elmar Brok, special adviser on Ukraine for President Jan-Klod Yunker, refuted the criticism, pointing to the economic boost provided by the European Union through a free trade agreement. In addition, he claimed the U.S. has not signed a similar agreement with Ukraine.^[475] The conversation prompted Europeans to calculate the amount of aid given to Ukraine since 2014, and by approximate estimates, the EU and European financial institutions have provided assistance to more than $16 billion in grants and loans.^[52]

In the overall ranking in 2016–2017, the European Union is the leader in terms of aid, the U.S. the second, and Germany is the third.^[53] However, Ukrainian media analyzed the data and found that from 2014, Germany provided aid of €1.4 billion: €500 million is a loan that will be repaid, €200 million is a share of Germany from European Union assistance, and the rest is really full-fledged assistance.^[476][477] Germaniya has stated that its attitude towards Ukraine has not changed.^[478][479]

Rossiya

Former Ukrainian prime minister Mikola Azarov expressed support for an investigation into Hunter Biden. Azarov fled to Russia in 2014 following the Evromaydan protests; he is currently in exile in Moscow, has called for a pro-Russian 'regime change' in Ukraine,^[480] is wanted for prosecution in Ukraine for abuse of power and embezzlement, and has set up a surgundagi hukumat that is widely seen as a pro-Russian puppet.^{[481][482][483]}

Prezident Vladimir Putin vakili Dmitriy Peskov said, "You have to admit, the publication of a full transcript of a conversation—be it by phone or face-to-face—is uncommon in interstate diplomatic practice. At least, uncommon until now."^[484][485] Speaking at an energy conference in Moscow, Putin said: "I didn't see during the telephone conversation that Trump demanded some compromising information from Zelensky at all costs, and threatened that he would [otherwise] not provide assistance to Ukraine."^[486]

AQShning sobiq amaldorlari

More than 300 former U.S. foreign policy and national security officials who had served under both Democratic and Republican administrations signed an open letter on September 27, supporting a congressional impeachment inquiry into Trump's conduct relating to Ukraine. The officials, who formerly served in the AQSh razvedka hamjamiyati, Milliy xavfsizlik kengashi, and departments of Mudofaa, adolat va Ichki xavfsizlik, wrote that Trump's actions raised "a profound national security concern" and that "President Trump appears to have leveraged the authority and resources of the highest office in the land to invite additional foreign interference into our democratic processes. If we fail to speak up—and act—now our foreign policy and national security will officially be on offer to those who can most effectively fulfill the President's personal prerogatives."^[487][488]

The Amerika chet el xizmatlari assotsiatsiyasi va Amerika Diplomatiya Akademiyasi, representing members of the U.S. diplomatic corps, expressed alarm at Trump's disparagement of the former AQShning Ukrainadagi elchisi in his call with Zelensky.^[167]

O'n avvalgi White House chiefs of staff, who served under both Republican and Democratic presidents^[e] described it as unprecedented for an incumbent president to "personally apply pressure to foreign powers to damage political opponents".^[489] When the ten were interviewed, "none recalled any circumstance under which the White House had solicited or accepted political help from other countries, and all said they would have considered the very idea out of bounds."^[489]

Maqolada Washington Post, 17 former members of the Votergeyt bilan bog'liq janjal special prosecutor force^[f] wrote that "there exists compelling prima facie evidence that President Trump has committed impeachable offenses," specifically serious and persistent abuses of power, and the Congress "should not allow any refusal by the president to cooperate in its process to frustrate the performance of its constitutional duties."^[490]

Amerika tahririyati va sharhlari

The Vashington Post va Nyu-York Tayms editorial boards supported the impeachment inquiry against Trump arising from the scandal.^[491][492] The Xabar editorial board criticized the administration and its allies for defying congressional subpoenas and stonewalling the investigation,^[491][493] and called upon congressional Republicans to "have the moral courage" to recognize the Trump administration's Ukraine pressure campaign as corrupt and a quid pro quo.^[494] Boshqa Vashington Post editorial criticized the Trump administration for attacking William B. Taylor Jr., the acting U.S. ambassador to Ukraine, and other career civil servants who have testified before Congress, writing that it was "vile" to attack "honest and courageous public servants" in an attempt to discredit them.^[495] Some newspaper editorial boards called upon Trump to resign from office over the Ukraine scandal, including the editorial board of Hearst Connecticut Media, which owns eight daily newspapers in Konnektikut.^[496] A Sent-Luisdan keyingi dispetcherlik editorial urged congressional Republicans to call for Trump's resignation.^[497]

Pro-Trump media outlets and commentators, such as Janin Pirro, Mark Levin va Rush Limbaugh, responded by defending Trump and promoting an alternative narrative of the Ukraine affair that omitted significant facts.^[498] Echoing Trump's own rhetoric, the president's defenders in the media often attacked the whistleblower,^[499] and characterized the investigation as not only a political attack against Trump, but also "a culture war" against his supporters.^[498] Fox News langarori Kris Uolles xarakterli aylantirish by Trump allies in the aftermath of the whistleblower complaint becoming public as "astonishing" and "deeply misleading".^[500]

Jamoatchilik fikri

In the days after the scandal arose, multiple polls showed a surge in support for an impeachment inquiry, or impeachment itself.^{[by how much? ][501][502][503]}

Istefolar

The American special envoy to Ukraine, Kurt Volker, resigned one day after the complaint was released. The whistleblower complaint alleges Volker "sought to 'contain the damage' from Trump attorney Rudy Giuliani's outreach to Ukraine's government about the Biden family".^[504] On October 10, Michael McKinley, a senior advisor to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, resigned over disappointment in Pompeo's lack of public support for those named in the scandal.^[505]

Internet jamoalari

After the whistleblower complaint was publicized, users on pro-Trump Internet-forumlar tried to identify its author. These attempts at "doksing " were marked by disorganized speculation, racism and misogyny.^[506] In October 2019, pro-Trump writer Paul Sperry published on the web what he asserted was the identity of the whistleblower. During ensuing days, Trump and his allies asserted major news outlets were covering for the whistleblower because they had declined to repeat the whistleblower's alleged identity in their reporting.^[507][508] However, the generally pro-Trump Fox News—including close Trump confidant Shon Xanniti —also declined to repeat the alleged identity, on instructions from Fox News management.^[509]

Trump supporters paid for Facebook advertisements to spread the purported name of the whistleblower. These ads were viewed by potentially "hundreds of thousands of users" before Facebook removed them.^[507]

Natijada

Impichment va senat sudi

President Trump was impeached by Congress on charges of abuse of power and obstructing Congress.^[19] The articles of impeachment were referred to the Senate, which held a trial over twenty days from January 16 to February 5, 2020. Trump was acquitted on both charges by the Republican-controlled Senate, with the vote split along party lines.^[20][g] Maine senator Syuzan Kollinz, who emerged as a key figure during the impeachment trial owing to her perceived willingness to break with her party,^[510] defended the acquittal as she believed Trump had learned from the trial and would not attempt to solicit foreign interference in future.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Guvohlarni iste'foga chiqarish va ishdan bo'shatish

Marie Yovanovitch and Bill Taylor resigned from their positions in the State Department.^[511] Jennifer Williams left her position to take up a new post.^[512] Alexander Vindman was dismissed from his position in the White House following Trump's acquittal by the Senate.^[513] Vindman's twin brother Yevgeny—who was not involved in the case—was also dismissed. Both Vindman brothers were reported to have been physically escorted from the White House. Gordon Sondland was also recalled from his position as ambassador.^[514] The White House claimed that the dismissals were necessary, but Trump was criticized for seeking revenge against those who had testified against him.^{[515][516][517][518]} Trump was also reported to have labelled Williams and Alexander Vindman as "Never Trumpers".^[512] Trump suggested that the Pentagon should seek disciplinary action against Vindman, but the Army declined to investigate.^{[519][520][521][522]} John Rood, the top Pentagon policy advisor who, on July 25, 2019, warned Defense Secretary Mark Esper against withholding military aid to Ukraine, was forced to resign on February 19, 2020. In May 2019 he had certified to Congress that Ukraine was eligible for the aid.^[523]

Subsequently, during a panel discussion held on February 11, 2020 at the Atlantika kengashi, the president's milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi, Robert C. O'Brayen Ikkala aka-uka Vindmanni harbiy xizmatga qayta tayinlash uchun qaytarib berish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilganligini aytdi va Vindmanning ko'rsatmalariga javoban Tramp tomonidan bu harakatni rad etdi. "Sizga shuni ayta olamanki, ular qasos olmadilar", dedi O'Brayen panelda. O'Brayen, shuningdek, bu harakatni "ishdan bo'shatilgan" deb ta'rifladi, chunki ikkala aka-uka ham xizmat vazifasini bajarishda davom etmoqda. O'Brayen ularning transferi NSA xodimlarining qisqarishining bir qismi ekanligini ta'kidladi.^[524] It was later reported that the firings and dismissals were part of a wider purge of the Trump administration that targeted people who were perceived as not being loyal enough to Trump and his agenda,^[525] including intelligence officials who might be part of Trump's claims of a "deep state" unga qarshi fitna.^[526]

Maykl Atkinson was fired from his position as Inspector General of the Intelligence Community in April 2020. The White House issued a statement that Trump had lost confidence in Atkinson's ability to perform his duties.^[527] The decision to fire Atkinson was criticized because his role as Inspector General was supposed to be independent and because Trump chose to fire him during koronavirus pandemiyasi, which led to claims that Trump had tried to use the pandemic to distract from Atkinson's firing.^[528]

Giulianining Ukrainadagi faoliyati

As the impeachment hearings and trial unfolded, Rudy Giuliani returned to Ukraine to conduct his own investigation into Joe and Hunter Biden. This was widely criticized as a further attempt to undermine Biden's election campaign,^{[iqtibos kerak ]} for promoting widely debunked conspiracy theories about the Bidens,^[103] for Giuliani being a likely target for misinformation spread by Rossiya razvedka xizmatlari,^[529][530] and because Giuliani is himself under investigation by American authorities.^[395][531] Giuliani went on to claim that he had found evidence that Barak Obama and Joe Biden had previously contacted Ukrainian officials looking to open an investigation into Pol Manafort,^{[iqtibos kerak ]} the chair of Trump's 2016 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi, who had lobbied to American lawmakers on behalf of former Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovich.^[532]

In February 2020, Attorney General William Barr announced that the Justice Department would receive any information gathered by Giuliani.^{[533][534][535]} Barr had previously announced that all investigations into foreign donations and interference into the 2020 presidential elections would require his personal approval.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

During the impeachment process, Trump denied having sent Giuliani to Ukraine, but in an interview that aired on February 13, 2020, he reversed his prior denials and openly admitted sending Giuliani to Ukraine, praising him as a "crime fighter" and "the best prosecutor."^[536]

Rossiyaning tergovga qarshi bayonida joylashtiring

In February 2020, United States attorney John Durham was appointed to lead an investigation into the origins of the Mueller inquiry. It was reported that the investigation was focusing on former CIA director and Trump critic Jon Brennan and whether he had mishandled evidence during the early stages of the inquiry into Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi saylovlarga aralashuvi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Mik Mulvani linked Durham's investigation to the Ukraine scandal, stating that Durham had sought help from Ukraine and interviewed Ukrainian citizens.^[537] Darxem so'rovi "o'zining Rossiyadagi tergovi bo'yicha surishtiruv" deb ta'riflangan.^[538] va Rossiya aralashuvining "tergovchilarini tergov qilish".^[539][540]

Fitna nazariyalari

Tramp va uning ittifoqchilari 2017 yildan beri Amerika razvedkasi Rossiyani Ukrainani ramkalash maqsadida ilgari surgan 2016 yilgi saylovlarga Rossiya emas, balki Ukraina aralashgan degan fitna nazariyasini ilgari surishgan.^[541] Ba'zilar taxmin qilmoqda Mariya Zaxarova da Rossiya Tashqi ishlar vazirligi ushbu kampaniyaning manbai bo'lgan.^{[542][543][544]} Fitna nazariyasida Demokratlar, CrowdStrike va Federal qidiruv byurosi 2016 yilda Demokratik Milliy Qo'mita serverini buzishda Rossiyani tuzish uchun fitna uyushtirganligi haqidagi da'volar kiritilgan. Tramp bir necha marotaba ismi oshkor qilinmagan ukrain oligarxi Rossiyani tuzish fitnasi ortida turgani va Ukraina DNC-serverga ega ekanligi to'g'risida turib oldi.^[58]

Tramp ish boshlanishidan sal oldin Amerika razvedkasining yuqori martabali amaldorlari unga o'zlarining dalillari, jumladan, Rossiya razvedka tarmoqlarini buzish va Kremlning yuqori darajadagi mollari tomonidan berilgan ma'lumotlar - Rossiya shaxsiy xakerlik hujumi va boshqa saylov aralashuvi ortida turganligi to'g'risida ma'lumot berishdi. va Vladimir Putinning orkestri.^[545][546] 2019 yil dekabr oyida Tramp tomonidan FTB direktori tayinlandi Kristofer Ray "Bizda Ukrainaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashganligini ko'rsatuvchi ma'lumot yo'q", deya qo'shimcha qildi u, "u erda har xil odamlar har xil gaplarni aytishadi. Menimcha, Amerika xalqi uchun ma'lumotlarning mulohazali iste'molchilari bo'lish juda muhim va manbalari haqida o'ylash va eshitgan narsalarini qo'llab-quvvatlash va bashorat qilish to'g'risida o'ylash. "^[547]

CrowdStrike

Jorj Stefanopulos CrowdStrike fitna nazariyasining tafsilotlarini "ham chalkash, ham yolg'on" deb ta'riflagan.^[548]

Tramp va Zelenskiy o'rtasida 2019 yil 25-iyul kuni bo'lib o'tgan telefon qo'ng'irog'i paytida Tramp o'ta o'ng tomonga ishora qildi fitna nazariyasi itarib yubordi Internet trollari, o'ng qanotli bloglar va o'ng qanotli veb-saytlar.^{[549][550][551]} Ushbu fitna nazariyasi bilan bog'liq CrowdStrike, kiberxavfsizlik va Internet xavfsizligi 2015-2016 yillarda buzilganligini birinchi marta tekshirgan firma Demokratik milliy qo'mita (DNC) tarmog'i va buni aniqladi Rossiya harbiy razvedkasi (GRU) orqada edi bu kiber hujumlar.

Tom Bossert, Trumpning sobiq ichki xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi, bilan suhbatda aytdi ABC News ' Jorj Stefanopulos Tramp o'z xodimlari tomonidan bir necha bor CrowdStrike fitna nazariyasi "butunlay bekor qilingan" deb ogohlantirganligi. Bossert Giulianini Trampning fitna nazariyasiga asoslanishida aybladi.^[552][553]

CrowdStrike fitna nazariyasining asosiy mavzusi shundaki, DNC Rossiyani kiberhujumlarga aloqadorligi uchun dalillarni to'qib chiqardi.^[554] CrowdStrike asoschilaridan biri, Dmitriy Alperovich, Sovet Ittifoqida tug'ilgan AQSh fuqarosi.^[555][556] Yolg'onga ko'ra, Alperovich DNC tomonidan Rossiyani obro'sizlantirish uchun buyruq bergan ukrainalik saylovlarga aralashish va u shaxsan o'zaro munosabatda bo'lishga undagan Vladimir Putin. Shuningdek, nazariyaga ko'ra, CrowdStrike boy ukrainalikka tegishli^[182] va kiberhujumda ishtirok etgan haqiqiy server Ukrainada.

CrowdStrike aslida Kaliforniya shtatida joylashgan ochiq savdo qiladigan kompaniya Milliy respublika Kongress qo'mitasi shuningdek, kiber xavfsizlik xizmatlariga yollangan.^[557] "Server" aslida 140 ta server, ishdan chiqarilgan va Qo'shma Shtatlarda joylashgan.^[558] Nazariya qo'shimcha ravishda FBI agentlariga serverni tekshirishga ruxsat berilmagan, chunki bunday harakatlar DNC fitnasini fosh qiladi,^[554] aslida-da va hujjatlashtirilganidek Myullerning hisoboti —tizim tasvirlari va transport jurnallari Federal qidiruv byurosiga DNC serverlari taqdim etildi.^[558][559] Ushbu fitna nazariyasi "GRU persona" dan kelib chiqqan.Guccifer 2.0 ', Rossiyaning DNC-dagi aybdorligiga shubha qilish uchun yaratilgan [bosqinchilik] ".^[554][560]

Birinchi hushtakbuzarning harakatlari

Har xil o'ng qanot sharhlovchilari, hushtakboz boshqalarning yordamiga ega deb taxmin qilishdi, ehtimol bu kelishilgan fitna. Spekulyatsiyalar Adam Schiff atrofida joylashgan, matbuot, Fusion GPS, Media masalalari, advokatlar jamoasi yoki tadqiqot firmasi va umuman razvedka hamjamiyati.^{[561][562][563][564]} Xabar beruvchi, Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining bosh maslahatchisiga o'z tashvishlari to'g'risida xabar berganidan so'ng, u o'zining "Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi orqali o'z da'volarini efirga uzatishning dastlabki yo'li qanday paydo bo'lganidan" tashvishga tushdi. The New York Times. Keyin u Vakillar Palatasi Razvedka qo'mitasining yordamchisiga murojaat qildi va noaniq bayonot berdi. Keyin yordamchi standart protseduralarni bajargan va xabar bergan shaxsga advokat topishni va Intelligence Community inspektori Ggeneral (IC IG) ga shikoyat qilishni maslahat bergan. Vakil Shif ham, Qo'mitaning boshqa a'zolari ham shikoyatni uni ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilishdan bir kechagacha ko'rmaganlar va Qo'mita shikoyat yozishda qatnashmagan.^[259][565] Shif va Qo'mita xabar bergan shaxsga advokat tanlashda yordam berishda hech qanday rol o'ynamagan.

Ga binoan Mark S. Zaid, hushtakbozning a'zosi pro bono yuridik guruh: "Xabar beruvchi advokat topish bo'yicha maslahatni oldi va ko'pchilik nima qilar edi, ular ishonchli do'stlaridan kimga murojaat qilishlari kerakligi haqida murojaat qilishdi. Endryu [Bakaj] ning ismi keltirildi va u saqlanib qoldi. Aynan qanday har kuni sodir bo'ladi. "^[566] Endryu P. Bakaj xabar beruvchi vakili bo'lgan etakchi advokatdir. 2 oktyabr kuni bo'lib o'tgan matbuot anjumani paytida Tramp buni da'vo qildi The New York Times Maqola Schiff, fosh qiluvchi shikoyatini yozishda yordam berganligini isbotladi,^[259] voqeani yozgan jurnalistlardan birini Twitterda ularning hikoyasida bunday narsa yo'qligini va Shiff habar beruvchi kimligini bilmaganligini aytishga undash.^[567]

Husnbuzar qoidalari va eshitishlari

Sentyabr oyi oxirida Tramp fitna uyushtiruvchisi shikoyati yuborilgunga qadar hushtakbozlikning qoidalari o'zgartirilganligi haqidagi fitna nazariyasini yozdi.^[59][568] Senator Lindsi Grexem va Trampning advokatlari Jey Sekulov va Rudi Djuliani shu kabi da'volarni ilgari surishdi.^[569][570] Trampning da'vosi maqoladan kelib chiqqan edi Federalist 2018 yil may oyidan 2019 yil avgustgacha bo'lgan vaqt ichida shikoyat arizasini qayta ko'rib chiqib, ushbu hukmni o'z ichiga olgan jumlani eski shakldan olib tashlagan holda, IC IG "xabar beruvchilar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri taxmin qilingan huquqbuzarliklar to'g'risida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ma'lumot berish talablarini yashirincha bekor qildi" deb noto'g'ri yozgan. "Agar siz qonunbuzarlik sodir bo'lgan deb hisoblasangiz, lekin o'zga yoki asossiz tasdiqlardan boshqa narsa bera olmasangiz, IC IG ICWPA sifatida taqdim etish uchun shikoyat yoki ma'lumotni ko'rib chiqa olmaydi."^[568][569] Federalist Maqolada eskirgan shaklda tasdiqlovchi qutilar borligi, bu erda hushtakdosh ularning ma'lumotlari "to'g'ridan-to'g'ri" yoki "boshqa xodimlar" yoki boshqa bilvosita manbalardan ekanligini ko'rsatishi mumkin edi.^[570][571]

IC IG, hushtakbozning shikoyati eski shaklda (shakllar o'zgartirilguniga qadar) taqdim etilganiga javob berdi va xabar bergan shaxsning shikoyati "ba'zi bir taxmin qilingan xatti-harakatlar to'g'risida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bilim" ga va boshqa xodimlarning bilimlariga asoslangan.^[38][39] IC IG, shuningdek, eski shakl ko'rib chiqilayotganligini va "tezkor xabar beruvchi shikoyati bilan bog'liq so'nggi matbuot so'rovlariga javoban" shakl o'zgartirilganligi sababli, "ushbu shakllardagi ba'zi tillar va aniqrog'i, ularga hamroh bo'lgan axborot materiallari" o'zgartirilgan. shakllar, noto'g'ri o'qilgan bo'lishi mumkin - shundan dalolat beradiki, favqulodda holatlar yuzasidan shikoyat yuborish uchun xabar tarqatuvchilar birinchi qo'l ma'lumotlarga ega bo'lishlari kerak ".^[38] IC IG shuningdek, qonunchilikda shikoyat qiluvchidan "birinchi ma'lumot" bo'lishi shart emasligini va ularning idorasi "qonunda mavjud bo'lmagan shoshilinch tashvish berish uchun shartlar qo'sha olmasligini" aytdi.^[38]

Xabarni tarqatish bo'yicha "qoidalar" so'nggi marta 2016 yilda yangilangan 120-sonli razvedka hamjamiyatining ko'rsatmasidan kelib chiqadi. Ushbu yo'riqnomada shikoyat qilish uchun talab "har qanday qonun, qoida yoki qoidalarning buzilishiga dalil deb ishonadigan" talab bo'lishi kerakligi aytilgan.^[568][571] Ishonchliligi uchun birinchi qo'l bilimlarni olish va baholash yuki 14 kun davomida tekshiruv o'tkazishi kerak bo'lgan IC IG zimmasiga yuklanadi.^[59] Bunday holda, IG IC tomonidan olib borilgan dastlabki tekshiruv da'volarni ishonchli deb tasdiqlovchi qo'shimcha ma'lumot topdi.^[572] Tom Devine Hukumatning javobgarligi loyihasi "nodavlat kuzatuv tashkiloti, barcha ishonchli xabar beruvchi shikoyatlarning atigi 10% i bevosita o'z ma'lumotlariga ega ekanligini aytdi.^[573]

Respublikachi senator Chak Grassli, taniqli muallif va hushtakbuzarlar haqidagi qonunlarning advokati fitna nazariyasiga qarshi chiqib, husnbuzar qonunda belgilangan tartibda ishlagan va eshitishga loyiq ko'rindi.^[574][575]

Jorj Soros

Sentyabr oyi oxirida televizion chiqishlarda Juliani hech qanday dalil keltirmasdan turib ta'kidladi Jorj Soros, tez-tez konservativ fitna nazariyalarining predmeti, Bayden Sorosni o'sha erda ta'qib qilishdan himoya qilar ekan, Ukrainada Trampga qarshi sxemani ishlab chiqardi.^[576] Advokatlar Jozef diGenova va Viktoriya Tensing mehmon sifatida paydo bo'ldi Shon Xanniti shousi Soros shafqatsiz xabarni moliyalashtirgan fitna nazariyasini targ'ib qilish. Ular hushtakbozning izohlarini keltirgan Uyushgan jinoyatchilik va korruptsiya to'g'risida xabar berish loyihasi, Sorosdan grant olgan tashkilot Ochiq jamiyat fondlari boshqa ko'plab mablag 'manbalari qatorida.^[577] Soros, shuningdek, yana bir dalilsiz, ommaviy axborot vositasi tomonidan chaqirilgan Breitbart yangiliklari.^[506]

Sorosga qarshi obro'sizlantirilayotgan ayblovlar, shuningdek, Davlat Departamenti tarkibida 2019 yil may oyidan beri, 2 oktyabrda Kongressga oshkor bo'lguncha aylanib yurgan "targ'ibot va dezinformatsiya paketining" bir qismi edi.^[578]

Shuningdek qarang

• Qo'shma Shtatlardagi korruptsiya
• 2020 yilgi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari saylovlariga chet el aralashuvi
• Qo'shma Shtatlardagi federal siyosiy janjallar ro'yxati
• Davlat rahbarlariga impichmentlar ro'yxati
• "-Gate" janjallari ro'yxati
• Nyu-Yorkning Sharqiy okrugi uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari tuman sudi
• Maykl Atkinson (Bosh inspektor)

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar