E'tiroz qo'shig'i - Protest song - Wikipedia

Bu maqola uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Ma'lumot manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. Manbalarni toping: "E'tiroz qo'shig'i"  – Yangiliklar  · gazetalar  · kitoblar  · olim  · JSTOR (2020 yil yanvar) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

A norozilik qo'shig'i uchun harakat bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qo'shiq ijtimoiy o'zgarish va shuning uchun yanada keng toifaning bir qismi dolzarb qo'shiqlar (yoki hozirgi voqealar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qo'shiqlar). Bu janrda folklor, klassik yoki reklama bo'lishi mumkin.

Bog'liq qo'shiqlarga ega bo'lgan ijtimoiy harakatlar orasida bekor qilish harakat, ayollar saylov huquqi, mehnat harakati, inson huquqlari harakati, inson huquqlari, urushga qarshi harakati va 1960-yillar qarshi madaniyat, feministik harakat, jinsiy inqilob, gey huquqlari harakat, hayvonlarning huquqlari harakat, vegetarianizm va veganizm, qurolni boshqarish va ekologizm.

A bilan bog'liq bo'lgan norozilik qo'shiqlari ko'pincha vaziyatga bog'liq ijtimoiy harakat kontekst orqali. "Xayrli tun Irene "masalan, norozilik qo'shig'ining aurasini yozganligi sababli sotib olgan Qorinni boshqaring, qora tanli mahkum va ijtimoiy chetlatilgan, garchi uning yuzida bu sevgi qo'shig'i. Yoki ular mavhum bo'lishi mumkin, umumiy ma'noda adolatsizlikka qarshi turish va tinchlikni qo'llab-quvvatlash yoki erkin fikr, lekin tomoshabinlar odatda nimaga murojaat qilinishini bilishadi. Lyudvig van Betxoven "Quvonch uchun odob ", umumiy birodarlikni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi qo'shiq - bu shunday qo'shiq. Bu she'rning sozlanishi Fridrix Shiller tirik mavjudotlarning doimiyligini nishonlash (ular og'riq va zavqni his qilish va shu sababli hamdardlik hissi bilan birlashgan), bunga Betxovenning o'zi hamma erkaklar birodar degan satrlarni qo'shdi. Mavjud kvoni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan qo'shiqlar norozilik qo'shiqlari qatoriga kirmaydi.^[1]

E'tirozli qo'shiq matnlari muhim bilim mazmuniga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Mehnat harakati musiqiy Pins va ignalar norozilik qo'shig'ining ta'rifini "Menga ijtimoiy ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan qo'shiq kuyla" deb nomlangan raqamda sarhisob qildi. Fil Oxs bir marta tushuntirdi: "E'tiroz qo'shig'i - bu shunchalik aniqki, siz uni BS deb xato qilolmaysiz".^[2]

18-asrda feministik norozilik qo'shig'i sifatida namoyish etilgan dolzarb qo'shiqning misoli "Ayol huquqlari" (1795) bo'lib, "ohangida kuylangan"Xudo Shohni asrasin "," A Lady "tomonidan anonim tarzda yozilgan va Filadelfiya Minerva, 1795 yil 17-oktabr. Biroq, u hech qachon harakat qo'shig'i sifatida kuylanganiga dalil yo'q.^[3]

Turlari

Sotsiolog R. Serj Denisoff norozilik qo'shiqlarini o'z vazifalari jihatidan tor doirada, ishontirish shakllari yoki tashviqot.^[4] Denisoff norozilik qo'shiqlari an'anasini "zabur" yoki oddiy xalq qo'shiqlaridan kelib chiqqan deb bildi Protestant diniy tiklanish harakatlari, ushbu madhiyalarni "norozilik targ'iboti" deb ham atashadi.

Denisoff norozilik qo'shiqlarini "magnit" yoki "ritorik" deb ajratdi. "Magnetic" norozilik qo'shiqlari odamlarni harakatga jalb qilish va guruh birdamligi va sadoqatini targ'ib qilishga qaratilgan edi, masalan "Ko'zlaringizni mukofotda saqlang "va"Biz yengib chiqamiz "." Ritorik "norozilik qo'shiqlari aksariyat hollarda individual g'azablanish bilan ajralib turadi va siyosiy fikrni o'zgartirish uchun mo'ljallangan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri siyosiy xabarni taklif qiladi. Denisoff" ritorik "qo'shiqlar ko'pincha katta harakatni qurish bilan ochiq bog'liq emasligini, ular baribir "norozilik-tashviqot" deb qaralishi kerak.^[5] Bunga misollar kiradi Bob Dilan "Urush ustalari "(unda" Siz o'lasiz deb umid qilaman / va o'lim yaqinda keladi "satrlari mavjud) va"Nima gaplar "tomonidan Marvin Gaye.

Ron Eyerman va Endryu Jeymison, yilda Musiqiy va ijtimoiy harakatlar: XX asrda urf-odatlarni safarbar qilish (1998), Denisoffning ijtimoiy harakatlarda qo'shiq (va ayniqsa, an'anaviy qo'shiq) tarixi va funktsiyasiga qisqartiruvchi yondashuvini nima deb hisoblaydilar. Ularning ta'kidlashicha, Denisoff norozilik musiqasining ashula ohanglariga unchalik ahamiyat bermagan, ularni matnlarga qat'iy bo'ysunuvchi, xabar uchun vosita deb bilgan. To'g'ri, g'arbiy Evropaning yuqori matn yo'naltirilgan qo'shiq an'analarida kuylar bo'ysunuvchi, bir-birining o'rnini bosadigan va hattoki cheklangan bo'lishi mumkin (portugal tilidagi kabi) fado Shunga qaramay, Eyerman va Jeymisonning ta'kidlashicha, ba'zi eng samarali norozilik qo'shiqlari kuchli madaniy an'analarni olib boruvchi kuylarni o'zlashtirish orqali kuchga ega.^[6] Ular shuningdek quyidagilarni ta'kidlashadi:

Musiqa va harakatlarda funktsional nuqtai nazardan yozib olish mumkin bo'lgan narsalardan ko'proq narsa bor, masalan, Denisoffning musiqasi, allaqachon mavjud harakatlar ichida musiqadan foydalanishga qaratilgan. Musiqa va qo'shiq, biz taklif qilmoqdamizki, u endi tashkilotlar, etakchilar va namoyishlar ko'rinishida ko'rinadigan ko'rinishga ega bo'lmaganda ham, harakatni saqlab turishi va yangi harakatning paydo bo'lishini tayyorlashda hayotiy kuch bo'lishi mumkin. Bu erda musiqaning roli va o'rni an'ana va marosimlarni identifikatsiya va identifikatsiya qilish jarayonlari, jamoaviy ma'no va xotiraning kodlangan va mujassamlangan shakllari sifatida tushuniladigan kengroq doirada talqin qilinishi kerak.^[7]

Martin Lyuter King kichik ozodlik qo'shiqlarini shunday ta'riflagan: "Ular harakatni eng muhim tarzda jonlantiradi ... bu ozodlik qo'shiqlari harakatga birlik berish uchun xizmat qiladi".^[8]

Joylashuvi bo'yicha

Jazoir raï norozilik musiqasi

Raï (Arabcha: "fikr" rأy) Shaklidir xalq musiqasi, kelib chiqishi Oran, Jazoir dan Badaviylar cho'ponlar, bilan aralashtirilgan Ispaniya, Frantsuz, Afrika va Arabcha musiqiy shakllari. Uning kelib chiqishi 20-asrning 20-yillariga to'g'ri keladi va asosan ayollar deb atalgan shayxlar, ko'pincha erkaklar uchun kafe, bar yoki bordelloda ijro etgan.^[9] Oddiy spektaklda geyba (yog'och naycha) va gallal (metall baraban) chalayotgan ikki-to'rt erkak cholg'u ustalarining hamrohligida chayxalar qatnashdi. Rai o'sha davrdagi an'anaviy Jazoir musiqasini rad etish va chayxalar "deb hisoblangan. ... katta shaharda dehqon ayollari duch keladigan hayotning mashaqqati, muhabbat dardi, alkogollik, immigratsiya, va motam. "^[9]

1950-yillarga va 1960-yillarga kelib erkak musiqachilar rai musiqasini ijro etishni boshladilar va o'sha davrning zamonaviy musiqa asboblari hisoblangan skripka, akkordeon, lute va karnay singari narsalardan foydalanishni boshladilar.^[9] Bu janr vaqt o'tishi bilan rivojlanib borgan sari, siyosiy harakatlar va tashkilotlar bilan, masalan, frantsuz istilosiga qarshi miting o'tkazgan Jazoir Freedom Fighters kabi uyushmalar mavjud edi. 1962 yilda Jazoir mustaqillikka erishgandan so'ng ham, Rai Jazoir hukumati bilan salbiy munosabatda bo'lib, uning madaniyatini qattiq ushlagan. Darhaqiqat, Rai radioeshittirish vositalariga taqiq qo'yilgan edi, garchi u er osti bo'shliqlarida, masalan, kabaretlarda rivojlangan bo'lsa.^[9] Bitta mashhur qo'shiqchiga qadar taqiqlangan edi, Cheb Xasni, suiqasd qilinmoqda. Biroq, hukumat 1980-yillarda ra uchun cheklovlarini bekor qilganidan beri, u bir muncha muvaffaqiyatga erishdi.

"Parisien Du Nord" qo'shig'i muallifi Cheb Mami janridan norozilik shakli sifatida foydalanilganligining so'nggi namunasidir, chunki bu qo'shiq irqiy ziddiyatlarga qarshi norozilik sifatida yozilgan edi 2005 yilgi frantsuz tartibsizliklari. Memiga ko'ra:

Bu irqchilikka qarshi qo'shiq, shuning uchun uni Frantsiyada tug'ilgan shimoliy afrikalik bilan kuylashni xohladim ... Shu sababli va uning iste'dodi tufayli men tanladim K-Mel. Qo'shiqda biz: "Ko'zlaringda men o'zimni chet ellik kabi his qilyapman", deymiz. Bu xuddi Frantsiyada tug'ilgan bolalarga o'xshaydi, lekin ularning yuzlari arab. Ular fransuzlar va ularni fransuz deb hisoblash kerak ".^[10]

Al-Neen ta'kidlaganidek, Ray "isyon musiqasi va kinizmning ramzi. Ray yoshlarning ko'nglini ko'taradigan va erkinlik va erkinlikka katta e'tibor beradigan vosita sifatida paydo bo'ldi".^[9]

Avstraliya

Mahalliy masalalar siyosiy ilhomlangan Avstraliya musiqasida muhim o'rin tutadi va mavzularni o'z ichiga oladi erga bo'lgan huquq va mahalliy aholi qamoqda o'lim. Ushbu muammolarga duch kelgan eng taniqli avstraliyalik guruhlardan biri Yothu Yindi. Mahalliy muammolarga duch kelgan boshqa avstraliyalik guruhlar qatoriga kiradi Tiddas, Kev Karmodi, Archi Roach, Kristin Anu, To'da, Nil Myurrey, Moviy qirol Braun, Jon Butler triosi, Yarim tunda yog ', Warumpi guruhi, Pol Kelli, Powderfinger va Xaver Rudd.

Mahalliy masalalardan tashqari, ko'plab avstraliyalik norozilik qo'shiqchilari urushning befoyda ekanligi haqida kuylashdi. Urushga qarshi mashhur qo'shiqlar "Va guruh valsing Matilda o'ynadi "(1972) tomonidan Erik Bogle va "Ochiq yashil rangda sayr "(1983) tomonidan Redgum, ko'pincha "Men o'n to'qqiz yoshda edim" xorlari bilan esga olinadi.

Belorussiya

Birinchi taniqli Belorussiya norozilik qo'shiqlari 20-asrning boshlarida Belorussiya Xalq Respublikasining paydo bo'lishi va Rossiya imperiyasi va Sovet Rossiyasidan mustaqillik uchun urush paytida yaratilgan. Ushbu davrda Belorussiya Xalq Respublikasining madhiyasi bo'lgan "Advieku My Spali" ("Biz etarlicha uxladik", shuningdek, Belorussiya marselliasi deb nomlanuvchi) va "Vajajki Marsh" ("Jangchilar marshi") singari norozilik qo'shiqlari mavjud. 1990-yillarda norozilik qo'shiqlarining keyingi davri bo'lib, ularning ko'plari NRM, Novaje Nieba va boshqalar kabi guruhlar tomonidan yaratilgan bo'lib, bu ushbu musiqachilarning so'zsiz taqiqlanishiga olib keldi. Misol tariqasida, NRM, Mroja va Krambambuliya guruhi rahbari Lavon Volski, Belorussiya siyosiy tizimining tanqidlari tufayli konsertining aksariyat qismida rasmiylar bilan muammolarga duch keldi. Belorusiyaning eng taniqli guruhlaridan biri, Lyapis Trubetskoy, tanqidiy munosabati bilan mamlakatda chiqish taqiqlangan edi Aleksandr Lukashenka uning so'zlarida. Ushbu taqiqlar eng "taqiqlangan" guruhlarni Vilnüsda kontsertlar uyushtirishlariga olib keladi, u zamonaviy Litvada joylashgan bo'lsa ham, Belorussiyaning tarixiy poytaxti hisoblanadi, chunki bundan yuz yilcha ilgari Vilnusning aksariyat aholisi (Vilniya, avvalgi nomi bilan atalgan) Litvaga berilgan) Belorussiya edi. Ammo 2010-yillarning o'rtalarida vaziyat biroz o'zgarishni boshladi va ko'plab norozilik guruhlari Belorusiyada konsertlar uyushtira boshladilar.

Britaniya va Irlandiya

Dastlabki inglizlarning norozilik qo'shiqlari

O'rta asrlarning oxiri va zamonaviy davrlarning ingliz xalq qo'shiqlari o'z davridagi ijtimoiy o'zgarishlarni aks ettiradi. 1944 yilda marksist olim A. L. Lloyd da'vo qildi "The Cutty Wren "qo'shiq feodal zulmiga qarshi kodlangan madhiyani tashkil qildi va aslida o'tgan yillarga tegishli 1381 yildagi ingliz dehqonlari qo'zg'oloni, uni eng qadimgi Evropadagi norozilik qo'shig'iga aylantirdi.^[11] U o'zining fikri uchun hech qanday dalil keltirmadi, ammo 18-asrgacha qo'shiqning hech qanday izi topilmadi.^[12] Lloydning kelib chiqishi haqidagi shubhali da'vosiga qaramay, "Cutty Wren" qayta tiklandi va 1950-yillarda xalq uyg'onishida norozilik qo'shig'i sifatida ishlatildi, bu norozilik qo'shig'i deb hisoblanishi mumkin bo'lgan narsani aniqlashda kontekstning ahamiyati. Bundan farqli o'laroq, "Odam suvga cho'mganda va Momo Havo qachon u janob edi?" Degan qofiya 1381 yilgi dehqonlar qo'zg'olonidan kelib chiqqanligi tasdiqlangan, ammo u bilan bog'liq hech qanday kuy saqlanib qolmagan.^[13] Kabi ijtimoiy qaroqchilarni nishonlaydigan baladalar Robin Gud XIV asrdan boshlab, ijtimoiy tanqid nazarda tutilgan bo'lsa-da va mavjud vaziyatni ochiqdan-ochiq shubha ostiga qo'ymasa ham, ijtimoiy adolat istagining ifodasi sifatida qaralishi mumkin.^[14]

Buyuk Britaniyada 17-asrdagi fuqarolik va diniy urushlar davri radikal kommunistik millenarianni vujudga keltirdi Levellers va Diggers "harakatlar va ular bilan bog'liq bo'lgan balladalar va madhiyalar, masalan,"Diggers 'Song ".^[15] olovli oyat bilan:

Ammo Gentri tushishi kerak,
tojni kambag'allar kiyadilar.
Hozir o'rnidan turing, Diggers hammasi!

Digger harakati zo'ravonlik bilan tor-mor qilindi va shu sababli u bilan bog'liq bo'lgan bir necha ochiq norozilik qo'shiqlari saqlanib qolgan bo'lsa ajab emas. Taxminan o'sha davrdan boshlab, urushlar va ular boshidan kechirayotgan insoniyat azoblariga qarshi bo'lgan qo'shiqlar juda ko'p, ammo bunday qo'shiqlar odatda urushlarni yoki ularni olib boruvchi rahbarlarni aniq qoralamaydi. Masalan, "Maunding Souldier" yoki "Warre mevalari - bu tilanchilik", gadoylarning nogiron askarining iltimosnomasi sifatida tasvirlangan. O'ttiz yillik urush.^[16] Bunday qo'shiqlar, aniq aytganda, norozilik o'rniga shikoyat qo'shiqlari sifatida tanilgan, chunki ular mavjud vaziyatga qarshi hech qanday echim yoki isyon ko'rsatmaganlar.^{[iqtibos kerak ][17]}

18-asr va 19-asr boshlarida sanoatlashtirishning paydo bo'lishi qator norozilik harakatlari va shu bilan dolzarb ijtimoiy norozilik qo'shiqlari va balladalari sonining ko'payishi bilan birga keldi. 19-asr boshlarida ilgari surilgan anti-texnologik rahbar uchun xayoliy shaxsni yaratgan "General Luddning tantanasi" muhim misoldir. Luddit shimoliy midlands mato sanoatidagi harakat va bu Robin Hood an'analariga aniq murojaat qilgan.^[18] Qo'shiqda abadiylashtirilgan ajablanarli ingliz folk qahramoni Napoleon Bonapart, ko'pincha harbiy arbob mashhur baladlarning mavzusi bo'lib, ularning aksariyati uni "Bonni dastasi gullari" va "Napoleon orzusi" singari qo'shiqlarda oddiy mehnatkash odamning chempioni deb hisoblashgan.^[19] Mehnat yanada uyushganligi sayin qo'shiqlar madhiya va targ'ibot sifatida, konchilar uchun "Qora oyoq konchi", fabrika ishchilari uchun "Zavod qo'ng'irog'i" kabi qo'shiqlar ishlatilgan.^[20]

Ushbu sanoat norozilik qo'shiqlari, keyinchalik 19-asr va 20-asrning boshlarida ingliz tilida birinchi marta qayta tiklanganida, ular hali ham kuylanib kelinayotgan qishloq joylarda to'plangan qo'shiqlarga va musiqiy ta'limga bag'ishlangan katta e'tiborga olinmadi. Ular 1960-yillarda qayta tiklangan va kabi figuralar tomonidan ijro etilgan A. L. Lloyd uning albomida Temir muz (1963).^[21] 1980-yillarda anarxist rok guruhi Chumbavamba sifatida an'anaviy ingliz norozilik qo'shiqlarining bir nechta versiyasini yozib oldi Ingliz qo'zg'olonchilarining qo'shiqlari 1381–1914.^[22]

Shuningdek qarang

• Sigir va kalta pivo

20-asr

Kolin Irvin, uchun jurnalist Guardian, zamonaviy Britaniya norozilik harakati 1958 yilda boshlanganiga ishonadi Yadro qurolsizlanish uchun kampaniya dan 53 mil yurishni tashkil qildi Trafalgar maydoni ga Aldermaston, Buyuk Britaniyaning qurollanish poygasidagi ishtirokiga va yaqinda H-bombasini sinovdan o'tkazishiga norozilik bildirish uchun. Namoyish "yosh musiqachilarni yangi qo'shiq yozish uchun bomba bilan bog'liq ishni muhokama qilish va bu yo'lda qo'llab-quvvatlashni qamrab olish uchun ishdan bo'shatdi. To'satdan amerikalik qo'shiqlarni chalayotgan skifl guruhidagi ko'plab odamlar yo'nalishni o'zgartirib, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakatlarni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun shafqatsiz dolzarb qo'shiqlar yozmoqdalar. "^[23] Yurish uchun yaratilgan "H-Bomb's Thunder" qo'shig'i roman yozuvchisi she'rining so'zlarini o'rnatdi Jon Brunner "Konchilar qutqaruvchisi" ohangiga:

Erkaklar va ayollar, birga turinglar
Jangovar odamlarga e'tibor bermang
Fikrlaringizni hozir qiling yoki hech qachon qilmang
Bomba uchun abadiy taqiq qo'ying.^[24]

Xalq qo'shiqchisi Ewan MacColl bir muncha vaqt Britaniya yadro qurolsizlanish harakatining asosiy musiqiy figuralaridan biri edi. Avvalgi agitprop aktyor va dramaturg. MakKoll, mahsuldor qo'shiq muallifi va qat'iyatli so'lchi, bundan bir necha yil oldin "Xo Shin Min Balladasi" (1953), Topic Records-da singl sifatida chop etilgan va "Stalin Balladasi" (1954) ni yozgan edi. .^[23] Ikkala yozuv ham qayta tiklanmagan.^[25]

Irvinning so'zlariga ko'ra, MakKoll, Daily Worker 1958 yilda quyidagilarni e'lon qildi:

So'nggi sakson yil ichida yozilgan yangi qo'shiqlar endi juda ko'p - yoshlar o'zlari zamonaviy qo'shiqlar zamonaviy mavzular, orzular va tashvishlarga oid fikr va mulohazalarini bayon qilish uchun maxsus tayyorlanganligini aniqlaydilar,

1965 yilda folk-rok qo'shiqchisi Donovan ning qopqog'i Baffi Sent-Mari "Universal Soldier "O'tgan yili uning Vetnam urushiga qarshi" War Drags On "qo'shig'i paydo bo'ldi. Bu 1960-70 yillarda mashhur musiqada keng tarqalgan tendentsiya edi. 1950 yillarda pop qo'shiqlarining romantik so'zlari o'z o'rnini topdi. norozilik so'zlariga.^[26]

Jon Lennon Vetnam urushiga qarshi madhiyani mashq qilmoqda "Tinchlik uchun imkoniyat bering " (1969)

1960-yillarning oxirida ularning shuhrati va obro'si oshganligi sababli, Bitlz - va Jon Lennon xususan - urushga qarshi kurashga o'zlarining ovozlarini qo'shdilar. Hujjatli filmda Jon Lennonga qarshi AQSh, Tariq Ali "Bitlz" ning faolligini uning fikriga ko'ra "Butun madaniyat radikallashgan: [Lennon] dunyo bilan shug'ullangan va dunyo uni o'zgartirayotgan edi", deb hisoblaydi. "Inqilob ", 1968 yil, butun dunyo bo'ylab talabalar qo'zg'olonlari xotirlandi. 1969 yilda, Lennon va Yoko Ono turmush qurganlar, ular bir hafta davomida "tinchlik uchun yotoq" ni namoyish etishdi Amsterdam Xilton, butun dunyo bo'ylab o'ziga jalb qiladi ommaviy axborot vositalari qamrov.^[27] Monrealdagi ikkinchi "yotish" da, 1969 yil iyun oyida ular yozib olishdi "Tinchlik uchun imkoniyat bering "ularning mehmonxonasida. Qo'shiqni yarim milliondan ortiq kishi kuylashdi namoyishchilar Vashingtonda, ikkinchi o'rinda Vetnam moratoriy kuni, 1969 yil 15 oktyabrda.^[28] 1972 yilda Lennonning eng ziddiyatli norozilik qo'shig'i LP chiqdi, Nyu-York shahrida bir oz vaqt, etakchi singlning nomi "Ayol - bu dunyoning zanjiri ", bu ibora Ono tomonidan 60-yillarning oxirlarida norozilik sifatida paydo bo'lgan seksizm, tortishuvlar bo'ronini boshlagan va natijada ozgina efirga uzatilgan va juda ko'p taqiqlangan. Lennonlar juda ko'p harakat qilishdi (shu jumladan xodimlar ishtirok etgan matbuot anjumani) Jet va Qara jurnallar) so'zni ishlatganligini tushuntirish uchun zanjir ramziy ma'noda va afroamerikaliklar uchun haqorat sifatida emas. Albomga "Attica State" ham kiritilgan Attika qamoqxonasidagi tartibsizliklar 1971 yil 9 sentyabr; Namoyishchilarni qirg'in qilish to'g'risida "Yakshanba qonli yakshanba" va "Irlandiyaliklarning omadlari" Shimoliy Irlandiya va qora tanli faolni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun "Angela" Anjela Devis. Lennon shuningdek, "Bepul John Sinclair "foyda konserti Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1971 yil 10-dekabrda.^[29] hibsga olingan, ikkitasini sotgani uchun 10 yil davlat qamoqxonasida o'tirgan urushga qarshi faol va shoir nomidan bo'g'inlar ning marixuana yashirin politsiyaga.^[30] Shu munosabat bilan Lennon va Ono boshqa qo'shiqchilar Fil Ochs va Stivi Uonder, shuningdek, urushga qarshi kurashchilar Jerri Rubin va Bobbi Seal ning Qora panteralar ziyofat. Lennonning "Jon Sinkler" qo'shig'i (uni tinglash mumkin) Nyu-York shahrida bir oz vaqt albom), rasmiylarni "U bo'lsin, uni ozod qiling, u siz va men kabi bo'lsin" deb chaqiradi. Imtiyozda 20000 ga yaqin odam qatnashdi va uch kundan keyin Michigan shtati Sinklerni qamoqdan ozod qildi.^[31]

1970-yillarda Buyuk Britaniyaning urushga qarshi norozilik namoyishlari tomonidan bir qator taniqli qo'shiqlari, jumladan "Tinchlik poyezdi "tomonidan Mushuk Stivens (1971) va "Urush cho'chqalari "tomonidan Qora shanba (1970). Shabbat, shuningdek, xarob bo'lgan Yerni tark etayotgan odamlarni tasvirlab, atrof-muhitni yo'q qilishga qarshi chiqdi ("Bo'shliqqa "shu jumladan,"Temir odam "). Uyg'onish davri norozilik mavzusi sifatida siyosiy repressiyani qo'shdi "Ona Rossiya "asoslangan Ivan Denisovich hayotining bir kuni va 1974 yilgi albomining ikkinchi tomoniga qo'shilishdi Kartalarning burilishi "Sovuq bo'lish" (ekologik halokat haqida) va "Qora alanga" (Vetnam urushi haqida) da yana ikkita norozilik qo'shiqlari.

To'qnashuv, sinf iqtisodiga, irqiy muammolarga va boshqalarga norozilik bildirgan pank-harakatning kashshoflaridan biri avtoritarizm

1970-yillar rivojlanib borgan sari, kuchayib borayotgan, yanada tajovuzkor Punk harakati, ayniqsa, Buyuk Britaniyada urushga qarshi, davlatlarga qarshi va kapitalizmga qarshi mavzular aks etgan eng kuchli norozilik ovoziga aylandi. Pank-madaniyat, 1960-yillarning birlashish orqali hokimiyat tuyg'usidan keskin farq qilib, o'zini erkinligi bilan bog'liq bo'lib, ko'pincha tushunchalarni o'zida mujassam etgan. individualizm, erkin fikr va hatto anarxizm. Ga binoan Qidiring va yo'q qiling asoschisi V. Vale, "Pank umuman madaniy qo'zg'olon edi. Bu tarix va madaniyatning qora tomonlari, o'ng qanot tasvirlari, shahvoniy taqiqlar va unga chuqur kirib borish bilan qattiq to'qnashuv edi. Hech qachon biron avlod tomonidan bu qadar puxta bajarilmagan. "^[32] Harakatning eng muhim norozilik qo'shiqlari "Xudo qirolichani asrasin "(1977) tomonidan Jinsiy avtomatlar, "Agar bolalar birlashgan bo'lsa" tomonidan Sham 69, "Ishga joylashish imkoniyatlari "(1977) (Angliyadagi o'sha davrdagi siyosiy va iqtisodiy vaziyatga, ayniqsa yoshlar uchun ish joylari etishmasligiga norozilik bildirgan) va"Oq g'alayon "(1977) (sinf iqtisodiyoti va irq masalalari to'g'risida) tomonidan To'qnashuv, va "Ishlash huquqi" tomonidan "Chelsi". Shuningdek qarang Pank mafkurasi.

Urush hali ham Britaniyaning 1980-yillardagi norozilik qo'shiqlarining asosiy mavzusi edi - masalan Keyt Bush "Armiya xayolparastlari "(1980), urushda o'lgan o'g'li vafot etgan onaning jarohatlari bilan shug'ullanadi. Biroq, 1980-yillar rivojlanib borishi bilan u Buyuk Britaniyaning bosh vaziri edi. Margaret Tetcher u mahalliy norozilik qo'shiqchilarining eng katta tanqidiga uchragan, asosan uning kuchli pozitsiyasi uchun kasaba uyushmalari va ayniqsa, uni boshqarish uchun Buyuk Britaniya konchilarining ish tashlashi (1984–1985). Namoyishning etakchi ovozi Tetcherit 1980-yillarda Angliya edi Billi Bragg, norozilik qo'shiqlari uslubi va asosiy siyosiy faolligi asosan ularni eslatardi Vudi Gutri ammo, zamonaviy britaniyalikka tegishli bo'lgan mavzular bilan. U o'z pozitsiyasini "Urushlar o'rtasida" (1985) da qisqacha bayon qilib, u quyidagicha kuylaydi: "Men odamga yashash maoshini inkor qilmaydigan har qanday hukumatga o'z roziligimni beraman".

Shuningdek, 1980-yillarda guruh Frenki Gollivudga boradi siyosiy pop norozilik qo'shig'ini chiqardi Ikki qabila yadro qurollarining befoyda va yorqinligini va sovuq urushni tasvirlaydigan tinimsiz bosh bilan boshqariladigan trek. Ushbu qo'shiq uchun videoda o'sha paytdagi prezident Ronald Reygan va Sovet Ittifoqining etakchisi Konstantin Chernenko o'rtasida guruh a'zolari manfaati uchun kurash va dunyo davlatlari vakillarining g'ayratli jangovar yig'ilishi tasvirlangan bo'lib, voqea oxir-oqibat butunlay global halokatga aylanib bormoqda. Ushbu video 1984 yilgi Demokratlarning Milliy Qurultoyida bir necha bor ijro etilgan. Ba'zi zo'ravonlik sahnalari ("Reygan" "Chernenko" ning qulog'ini tishlash va h.k.) sababli, tahrir qilinmagan videoni MTV-da namoyish eta olmadi va tahrir qilingan versiyasi almashtirildi. Singl tezda Buyuk Britaniyada birinchi o'rinni egalladi, trekning bir nechta aralashmasi aktyor Patrik Allenni namoyish etdi, u o'zining hikoyasini Himoyalash va omon qolish ma'lum 12 dyuymli aralashmalar uchun ommaviy axborot filmlari (7 dyuymli aralashmalar uchun asl Protect va Survive soundtracks namunalari olingan).

Irlandiyalik isyonchilarning qo'shiqlari

Irlandiyalik isyonchilar musiqasi odatda irland musiqa asboblarida ijro etiladigan (masalan Fiddle, qalay hushtagi, Uilleann quvurlari, akkordeon, bodran va boshqalar) va akustik gitara. Lirik qo'shiqlar Irlandiya ozodligi uchun kurash, ozodlik harakatlarida qatnashgan odamlar, ta'qib va ​​zo'ravonlik haqida Shimoliy Irlandiyaning muammolari va Irlandiyaning ko'plab isyonlari tarixi.

Janrning ko'plab namunalari orasida eng mashhurlari "Yana bir millat ", "Ye Black and Tans chiqing "," Erin go Bragh ",^[33] "Afinaning sohalari ", "Simlar ortidagi erkaklar "va Irlandiya Respublikasining davlat madhiyasi"Amhrán na bhFiann "(" Soldier's Song "). Ushbu janrdagi musiqa ko'pincha tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi va inglizlarga qarshi ba'zi tashqi ko'rinishdagi qo'shiqlari amalda ham Angliya, ham Irlandiya Respublikasida efirga chiqish taqiqlandi.

Pol Makkartni shuningdek, 1972 yildagi singli bilan ushbu janrga o'z hissasini qo'shdi ".Irlandiyani irlandlarga qaytarib bering "deb yozgan Qonli yakshanba yilda Shimoliy Irlandiya 1972 yil 30-yanvarda. Qo'shiq Buyuk Britaniyada ham butunlay taqiqlangan edi va u hech qachon Pol Makkartni va boshqa hech qachon chiqmagan va chiqmagan. Qanotlar eng yaxshi narsalar. O'sha yili Makkartnining sobiq hamkasbi Jon Lennon Urush ostida bo'lgan Shimoliy Irlandiyaning qiyinchiliklariga oid ikkita norozilik qo'shig'ini chiqardi: "Yakshanba qonli yakshanba ", 1972 yilda Irlandiyadagi fuqarolik huquqlari faollarini qirg'in qilganidan ko'p o'tmay yozilgan (farq qiladi U2 1983 yildagi xuddi shu nomdagi qo'shiq, chunki u Irlandiya Respublikachilar partiyasini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qo'llab-quvvatlaydi va tinchlikka chaqirmaydi) va "Irlandiyaning omadlari" (ikkalasi ham albomidan). Nyu-York shahrida biroz vaqt (1972).

The Wolfe ohanglari Irlandiyalik isyonchilar janriga qo'shgan hissasi uchun Irlandiyada afsonaviy bo'lib qoldi. Guruh 1963 yildan beri yozib keladi va Shimoliy Irlandiyadagi sobiq mojaro bilan shug'ullanadigan an'anaviy irland qo'shiqlari va asl nusxalarini ijro etishi orqali dunyo miqyosida shuhrat va e'tiborni o'ziga jalb qiladi. 2002 yilda Wolfe Tones versiyasi "Yana bir millat ", 19-asrdagi millatchi qo'shiq, tomonidan o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada dunyodagi eng buyuk qo'shiq deb topildi BBC Jahon xizmati^[34]

Irlandiyalik alternativ rok / post-pank-guruh Dublin, U2 1983 yilda ular o'zlarining qo'shiqlarini yozganlarida isyonchilarning musiqiy an'analarini buzdilar "Yakshanba qonli yakshanba ". Qo'shiqda Buyuk Britaniya kuchlari tomonidan tinch aholining Irlandiyadagi tarixidagi ikkita alohida qirg'in haqida so'z boradi - Qonli yakshanba (1920) va 1972 yil qonli yakshanba - ammo, ushbu voqealar bilan bog'liq bo'lgan boshqa qo'shiqlardan farqli o'laroq, so'zlar qasosdan farqli o'laroq tinchlikni talab qiladi.

Brusnika "urish"Zombi ", 1993 yilda ingliz safari davomida yozilgan, Uorringtonda IRA portlashida o'ldirilgan ikki o'g'il, Jonathan Ball va Tim Parry xotirasiga bag'ishlangan.

Xitoy

Xitoy-koreys Cui Jian 1986 yilgi qo'shiq "Mening ismimga hech narsa yo'q "namoyishchilar orasida mashhur edi Tiananmen maydoni.

Misr

Ahmed Fouad Negm Misrda she'riyat so'zlashuv arab tilidagi she'rlari pastki sinfga ovoz bergan va norozilarni ilhomlantirgan asosiy dissident shaxs hisoblanadi.^[35][36] U 1960-yillarda bastakor bilan birlashdi Shayx imom Eissa uning she'rlariga musiqa bergan, sheriklik yigirma yil davom etgan. Negmning "Ular kim va biz kimmiz?" She'ridan satrlar. da'vat qilindi Tahrir maydoni 2011 yilda prezident Husni Muborakka qarshi namoyishlar paytida.^[36]

2011 yilgi norozilik namoyishlarini safarbar qilishda musiqa muhim rol o'ynadi Tahrir maydoni qarshi Prezident Husni Muborak ga olib kelgan Misr inqilobi.^[37] "Ezzay", ya'ni "Qanday qilib?" Misrlik qo'shiqchi va aktyor tomonidan Mohamed Mounir norozilik namoyishlari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan eng mashhur qo'shiqlardan biri hisoblanadi.^[38] "Irhal "," Ketish "degan ma'noni anglatadi, Rami Essam muallifi internet xitiga aylandi,^[39] va keyinchalik ommaviy axborot vositalarida inqilob madhiyasiga aylangan deb ta'riflandi.^[40][41]

Estoniya

Da ijro etilgan ko'plab qo'shiqlar Estoniya Laulupidu norozilik qo'shiqlari, xususan, davomida yozilgan qo'shiqlar Qo'shiq inqilobi. Rasmiy pozitsiyasi tufayli Sovet Ittifoqi o'sha paytda, bu so'zlar aniq antisovetga emas, aksincha tez-tez allyuziya Tõnis Mägi qo'shiq Koit. Farqli o'laroq, Eestlane olen ja eestlaseks jään, tomonidan kuylangan Ivo Linna va guruh Speda aniq Estoniya identifikatori tarafdori.

Finlyandiya

Finlyandiyada sotsialistik va kommunistik norozilik qo'shiqlari an'analari bor Finlyandiya fuqarolar urushi, ularning aksariyati Sovet Rossiyasidan keltirilgan va tarjima qilingan. 21-asrda sotsialistik norozilik qo'shiqlari an'analari chap qanotli rap ijrochilari tomonidan biroz davom etmoqda va ananaviy ravishda kamroq Taistoist KOM-teatr xori tomonidan tashkil etilgan.

Frantsiya

"Xalqaro " ("L'Internationale"frantsuz tilida) bu a sotsialistik, anarxist, kommunistik va sotsial-demokratik madhiya.^[42][43]

"Internationale" xalqaro madhiyasiga aylandi sotsializm. Uning asl frantsuz tili - bu C'est la lutte final / Groupons-nous et demain / L'Internationale / Sera le genre humain. (Erkin tarjima qilingan: "Bu yakuniy kurash / Keling, ertaga birga bo'laylik / Internationale / Inson zoti bo'ladi.") "Internationale" dunyoning aksariyat tillariga tarjima qilingan. An'anaga ko'ra u qo'lni ko'tarib mushtlangan salom bilan ko'tariladi. "Internationale" nafaqat kuylanadi kommunistlar shuningdek (ko'plab mamlakatlarda) sotsialistlar yoki sotsial-demokratlar tomonidan. Xitoycha versiyasi talabalar va ishchilarning miting qo'shig'i edi Tiananmen maydonidagi 1989 yilgi norozilik namoyishlari.^[44]

Frantsiyada shunchaki norozilik qo'shiqlari tendentsiyasi emas, aksincha tanqid va tanlovning doimiy fonlari va uni shaxsiyatlashtiradigan shaxslar mavjud. Ikkinchi jahon urushi va uning dahshatlari frantsuz qo'shiqchilarini umuman urush haqida ko'proq tanqidiy fikr yuritishga majbur qildi, ularni o'z hukumatlaridan va o'z jamiyatlarini boshqargan kuchlardan shubhalanishga majbur qildi.

Jaz karnaychi va qo'shiqchi Boris Vian birinchilardan bo'lib hukumat tomonidan taqiqlangan "Le déserteur" (Desert) qo'shig'iga qarshi Jazoir urushiga qarshi chiqdi.^[45]

Kabi bir nechta frantsuz qo'shiq mualliflari Leo Ferré (1916–1993), Jorj Brassens (1921–1981), Jak Brel (1929-1978) (aslida belgiyalik qo'shiqchi), Maksim Le Forestier (1949 yilda tug'ilgan) yoki tarjimonlar (Iv Montand, Marsel Mouloudji, Serj Reggiani, Grem Allrayt ...) ko'pincha ko'pchilik g'oyalari va siyosiy kuchlarga qarshi qo'shiq yozgan yoki kuylagan. Irqiy ziddiyatlar Qo'shma Shtatlardagi kabi darajaga ko'tarilmaganligi sababli, tanqid ko'proq burjua, hokimiyat, din va fikr, so'z va harakatlar erkinligini himoya qiluvchi qo'shiqlarga qaratilgan edi. 1945 yildan keyin immigratsiya ba'zi qo'shiqchilar uchun ilhom manbai bo'ldi: Per Perret (1934 yilda tug'ilgan), o'zining kulgili qo'shiqlari bilan tanilgan, yana bir nechta "jiddiy" yozishni boshladi va frantsuz jamiyatidagi kundalik irqchilik xatti-harakatlarini tanqid qilgan irqchilikka qarshi "Lily", 1977).

Brassens urushga, nafratga, murosasizlikka qarshi norozilik bildirgan bir nechta qo'shiqlar yozgan ("Les Deux Oncles" ["Ikki amaki"]," La Guerre de 14-18 "["14-18 urush"]," Mourir pour des idées "["G'oyalar uchun o'lish"]" Les Patriotes "["Vatanparvarlar"] ...), shovinizmga qarshi (" La Ballade des gens qui sont nés quelque part "[" Bir joyda tug'ilgan odamlar haqida ballada "]), burjuaziyaga qarshi (" La Mauvaise Réputation "["Yomon obro'-e'tibor"]," Les Philistins "["Filistlar"] ...). U ko'pincha" anarxist "deb nomlangan, chunki qonun va tartibot (va din) vakillariga qo'shiqlari (" Le Gorille "["Gorilla"]" Hekatom "["Qotillik"]" Le Nombril des femmes d'agents "["Politsiya xotinlarining kindigi"]," Le Mécréant "["Yomon odam"] ...).

Ferreni "anarxist" deb ham atashgan. U iste'molchilikka qarshi qo'shiq aytdi ("Vitrines" ["Do'konning jabhalari"], "Chanson mécanisée" ["Mexaniklashtirilgan qo'shiq"], "Il n'y plus rien " ["Hech narsa qolmadi"] ...), frantsuzlarga qarshi urush ("Miss Géguerre" ["Miss Squabble"], "Tinch okeanidagi blyuz", "Regardez-les" ["Ularga qara"], "Mon général" ["Mening generalim"], "Les Temps difficiles" ["Qiyin paytlar"], "La Marseillaise"), o'lim jazosi ("Ni Dieu ni maître" ["Xudo yo'q, ustoz yo'q"], "La Mort des loups" ["Bo'rilarning o'limi"]), Mulkni boshqarish ("La Gueuse", "La Complainte de la télé" ["Televizorning nolasi"], "La Révolution" ["Inqilob"], "Le Conditionnel de variétés" ["Yo'lning o'rtasi shartli kayfiyat"]), vakillik demokratiyasining illuziyasi ("Ils ont voté" ["Ular ovoz berishdi"], "La Grève" ["Strike"]), diktaturalar ("Franco la muerte", "Allende", "La Violence va l'Ennui " ["So'zlar ... So'zlar ... So'zlar ... "]), jinsiy ikkiyuzlamachilik va erkinlik ("Le Chien " ["It"], "Le Mal " ["Yovuzlik"], "Ton uslubi" ["Sizning uslubingiz"], "La la'nat " ["Jin ursin"] ...).

Brelning ijodi erkinlikning yana bir maqomi ("Ces gens-là" [")Bu odamlar"]," Les Bourgeois "["Burjua"]," Jaurès "," Les Bigotes "["Mutaassiblar"]," Le polkovnik "["Polkovnik"]," Le Caporal Casse-Pompon "["Koreys tanaffuslari"]).

Germaniya

Ton Shteyn Sherben, birinchi va eng ta'sirchanlardan biri Nemis tili tosh 1970-yillarda va 1980-yillarning boshlarida guruhlar vokalistning juda siyosiy lirikasi bilan tanilgan edi Rio Reyzer. Guruh musiqiy og'zaki nutqqa aylandi yangi chap harakatlar kabi cho'ktirish harakati, shu vaqt ichida Germaniyada va ularning tug'ilgan shahri G'arbiy Berlin jumladan. Ularning so'zlari boshida edi, anti-kapitalistik va anarxist va guruh nemis a'zolari bilan aloqada bo'lgan Qizil armiya fraktsiyasi ular noqonuniy bo'lishidan oldin harakat. Keyinchalik qo'shiqlar kabi murakkab masalalar haqida edi ishsizlik ("Mole Hill rokchilari") yoki gomoseksualizm ("Mama urushi shunday"). Ular shuningdek, ikkita to'liq metrajga o'z hissalarini qo'shdilar kontseptsiya albomi nomi bilan chiqarilgan gomoseksualizm haqida Bruhvar (tom ma'noda: qaynoq iliq) gey-revue guruhi bilan hamkorlikda.

1970-yillarning oxiri va 1980-yillarning boshlarida norozi nemis yoshlari, asosan siyosiy radikal chap qanot lirikalari bilan shug'ullanadigan, asosan siyosiy ta'sir ko'rsatgan nemis tilidagi Punkrok ("Deutschpunk") safiga sabab bo'ldi. Sovuq urush. Ehtimol, nemis tilidagi eng muhim pank-guruh edi Balchiq siyosiy mavzular sababli LP taqiqlangan birinchi guruh bo'lgan Gamburgdan. Ularning "Deutschland" ("Germaniya"), "Bullenschweine", "Polizei SA / SS" va anti-imperialist "Yankees raus" ("Yankies out") qo'shiqlari taqiqlangan, ularning ba'zilari bugungi kunda ham taqiqlangan, chunki ular politsiyaga nisbatan zo'ravonlik qo'llanilishini targ'ib qilgan yoki politsiyani militsiya bilan taqqoslagan SA va SS ning Natsistlar Germaniyasi.

Kölnda joylashgan rok guruhi BAP o'zlarining sodiq va oqilona yozilgan so'zlari bilan tanilgan, kamsitishlar va Germaniyaning siyosiy elitalarining kuchli o'yinlari bilan bog'liq ko'plab qo'shiqlarida. "Kristallnaach" qo'shig'i (1982) bu juda muhimdir. U 1938 yilda bo'lib o'tgan "Singan Shisha kechasi" ni nazarda tutgan holda, hozirgi fashizmning yangi shakllari uchun buzilganligini tahlil qiladi.

Yilda Sharqiy Germaniya, davlatga qarshi chiqish ko'pincha taqiqlangan.^[46] Shunga qaramay, qo'shiq Ermutigung tomonidan Bo'ri Biermann ga qarshi keng tarqalgan norozilik qo'shig'i bo'ldi SPU hukumat.^[47]

Gonkong

Gonkong rok-guruhi Chetdan "Cheksiz okeanlar keng osmon "(1993) va" Shon-sharaf kunlari "(光輝歲月) (1990) turli xil ijtimoiy harakatlarda norozilik madhiyasi sifatida qabul qilingan.

Davomida 2019–20 Gonkongdagi norozilik namoyishlari, Les Misérables '"Xalqning qo'shiq aytayotganini eshitasizmi "(1980) va Tomas dgx yhl's"Gonkongga shon-sharaf "(2019) bu harakatni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun kuylangan. Ikkinchisi keng sifatida qabul qilingan madhiya Ushbu norozilik namoyishlari, ba'zilari buni "milliy madhiya Gonkong ".^[48][49]

Hindiston

Hindistondagi madaniy faollik har doim mustaqillikka qadar odamlarni ijtimoiy o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirishga safarbar qilishning eng samarali vositalaridan biri sifatida qaralib kelgan.^[50] Hindiston Britaniyadan ozod bo'lish uchun kurash davomida ko'plab norozilik qo'shiqlarining namunalarini taqdim etdi.^[51]

Hind reperi Raftaar "Mantoiyat " poraxo'r siyosatchilarni, politsiyachilarni urib yuboradi va mamlakatdagi barcha adolatsizliklarni ochib beradi. Qo'shiqda u chuqur ildiz otgan masalalar haqida gapiradi va xalq va hukumatning ikkiyuzlamachiligiga yorug'lik olib keladi.^[52] Poojan Sahil, Sidhe Maut, Prabh Deep, Rapper Shaz, Sumit Roy & Ahmer kabi rassomlar odatda o'zlarining qo'shiqlarida ijtimoiy mavzular haqida gapirishadi.^[53][54]Hind okeanining rok-termoyadroviy guruhi "Chitu" qo'shig'i ularning birinchi va taniqli qo'shiqlaridan biri bo'lib, Ram Narmada harakatiga qo'shilish paytida duch kelgan qabilaviy madhiyadir.^[55]

2019 yilda Hindistonning fuqaroligi to'g'risidagi qonun butun mamlakat bo'ylab ommaviy norozilik namoyishiga sabab bo'ldi. Rassomlar yoqadi Varun Grover, Poojan Sahil, Reper Shaz & Madara o'zlarining ovozli noroziligi bilan bu ishga qo'shildi.^[56][57]

Zamonaviy davrlarda norozilik musiqasi Hindistondagi harakatlarning odatiy xususiyati bo'lib kelgan. The Dalit huquqlar harakati, ayniqsa maqsadlarini amalga oshirish uchun musiqadan foydalanadi. The Kabir Kala Manch o'zlarining chiqishlaridan o'zlarining maqsadlari to'g'risida xabardorlikni oshirish va qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun foydalangan taniqli qo'shiqchilar truppalaridan biridir. Keng tarqalgan^[58] hujjatli film, Jai Bxim o'rtoq, Kabir Kala Manchning ishini yoritib berdi va norozilik musiqasining ushbu turini hindistonliklarga ham, xalqaro tomoshabinlarga ham taqdim etdi. Shunga o'xshash, kam ma'lum bo'lsa ham, Dalit musiqiy guruhlari Hindistonning turli joylarida mavjud.

Hindistonning chap harakatlari ham norozilik musiqasini va ko'cha o'yinlarini o'zlarining xabarlarini ommaga targ'ib qilish vositasi sifatida ishlatishadi. Protest musiqasi tomonidan tashkil etilgan spektakllarning asosiy xususiyati edi Hindiston xalq teatri assotsiatsiyasi (IPTA). IPTA tarqalib ketganidan so'ng tashkil topgan va shunga o'xshash uning faoliyati katta ta'sir ko'rsatgan o'xshash tashkilotlar Jana Natya Manch (JANAM), shuningdek, norozilik musiqasini o'zlarining o'yinlarining odatiy xususiyatiga aylantirdi. So'nggi o'n yilliklarda esa, so'lning madaniy faolligi tobora ko'proq madaniy sohaning chekkalariga tushib qoldi. Ba'zilar buni Hindistondagi chap oqimning siyosiy tanazzuli, shuningdek, mahalliy harakatlar va tillarga e'tiborning o'zgarishi bilan izohlashadi, chunki identifikatsiya qilish siyosati hind politsiyasini ko'proq egallab oldi.^[59]

Hindistonning boshqa asosiy milliy partiyalari tomonidan o'tkazilgan norozilik namoyishlarida norozilik musiqasi ham muntazam ravishda namoyish etiladi.

Isroil

Yahudiylar qo'shiq aytish Ibroniycha Eron prezidenti qachon norozilik qo'shiqlari Mahmud Ahmadinajod bilan gaplashdi Kolumbiya universiteti 2007 yilda

Israel's protest music has often become associated with different political factions.

During the 1967 war, Naomi Shemer added a third verse to her song "Oltin Quddus "tomonidan kuylangan Shuli Natan, about the recapturing of Quddus after 2,000 years.^[60] Later on that year, a different point of view of the song was introduced by the folk singer Meir Ariel, who recorded an anti-war version and named it "Jerusalem of Iron".

Gush Emunim supporters have taken a repertoire of old religious songs and invested them with political meaning. An example is the song "Utsu Etsu VeTufar" (They gave counsel but their counsel was violated). The song signifies the ultimate rightness of those steadfast in their beliefs, suggesting the rightness of Gush Emunim's struggle against anti-settlement policy by the government.

Minutes before Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was murdered at a political rally in November 1995, Israeli folk singer Miri Aloni sang the Israeli pop song "Shir Lashalom " ("Song for Peace"). This song, originally written in 1969 and performed extensively at the time by an Israeli military performing group, has become one of the anthems of the Isroil tinchlik lageri.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

During the Arab uprising known as the Birinchi intifada, Israeli singer Si Heyman sang "Yorim VeBokhim" ("Shoot and Weep") to protest Israeli policy in the territories. Pushti Floyd "Devordagi yana bir g'isht " is used as a protest song by some opponents of Israel's barrier in the West Bank. The lyrics were adapted to: "We don't need no occupation. We don't need no racist wall."^[61][62][63]

Since the onset of the Oslo Process va yaqinda, Isroilning bir tomonlama kurash rejasi, protest songs became a major avenue for opposition activists to express sentiments. Songs protesting these policies were written and performed by Israeli musicians such as Ariel Zilber, Aharon Razel va boshqalar.^[64]

Xadag Naxash 's "Zman Lehitorer (Time To Wake Up).

lotin Amerikasi

Chilean and Latin American protest music

While the protest song was enjoying its Golden Age in America in the 1960s, it also saw many detractors overseas who saw it as having been commercialized. Chili qo'shiq muallifi Vektor Jara, who played a pivotal role in the folkloric renaissance that led to the Nueva Canción Chilena (New Chilean Song) movement, which created a revolution in the popular music of his country, criticized the "commercialized" American protest song phenomenon that had been imported into Chile. He criticized it thus:

The cultural invasion is like a leafy tree which prevents us from seeing our own sun, sky and stars. Therefore in order to be able to see the sky above our heads, our task is to cut this tree off at the roots. US imperialism understands very well the magic of communication through music and persists in filling our young people with all sorts of commercial tripe. With professional expertise they have taken certain measures: first, the commercialization of the so-called 'protest music'; second, the creation of 'idols' of protest music who obey the same rules and suffer from the same constraints as the other idols of the consumer music industry – they last a little while and then disappear. Meanwhile, they are useful in neutralizing the innate spirit of rebellion of young people. The term 'protest song' is no longer valid because it is ambiguous and has been misused. I prefer the term 'revolutionary song'.

Nueva canción (literally "new song" in Spanish) was a type of protest/social song in Lotin Amerikasi musiqasi which took root in South America, especially Chili va boshqalar And countries, and gained extreme popularity throughout Latin America. It combined traditional Latin American folk music idioms (played on the kvena, zampoña, charango yoki cajón with guitar accompaniment) with some popular (esp. British) rock music, and was characterized by its progressive and often politicized lyrics. It is sometimes considered a precursor to rock en español. The lyrics are typically in Spanish, with some indigenous or local words mixed in.

2019 yilda "Sizning yo'lingizdagi tajovuzkor " (Ispaniya: Un violador en tu camino) was first performed in Chile to protest zo'rlash madaniyati va victim shaming.^[65] Videos of the song and its accompanying dance went viral, spreading across the world.^[66]

Kuba

A type of Cuban protest music started in the mid-1960s when a movement in Kuba musiqasi emerged that combined traditional xalq musiqasi idioms with progressive and often politicized lyrics. This movement of protest music came to be known as "Nueva trova ", and was somewhat similar to that of Nueva canción, however with the advantage of support from the Cuban government, as it promoted the Kuba inqilobi – and thus part of inqilobiy qo'shiq.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Malayziya

Nederlandiya

1966 yilda Boudewijn de Groot ozod qilindi "Welterusten meneer de president " ("Good night mister president"), a song about the Vietnam War. The song spent 12 weeks in the Gollandiyaning eng yaxshi 40 taligi and to this day it remains an important song in nederpop and among Dutch protest songs. Following "Welterusten meneer de president", Boudewijn de Groot and Lennaert Nijgh, a Dutch lyricist, made more protest songs. The couple inspired other Dutch musicians, namely Armand va Robert Long.

Yangi Zelandiya

One of the earliest protest songs in New Zealand was Jon Xanlon "s Damga la'nat, recorded in 1973 in support of the Manapouri kampaniyasini saqlang.

During the bitterly divisive 1981 yil Springbok safari, Blam Blam Blam "s There Is No Depression in New Zealand became a favourite among anti-tour protesters. Regga guruhi Giyohlar wrote and performed songs criticising Frantsiyaning yadro sinovlari Tinch okeanida.

Pokiston

Protest music in Pokiston has been deeply inspired by South Asian traditions since pre-independence times.

Qo `shiq "Xum Dehenge " is just one example of protest music from Pakistan. Fayz Ahmed, a poet and a prominent Pakistani Marxist, originally penned the poem with the same title as a response to General Ziyo ul Haq 's repressive dictatorship. The poem is considered a critical commentary of Zia’s brand of authoritarian Islam.^[67] His political beliefs set him up as a natural critic of General Zia Ul Haq. In 1985, as part of Zia's programme of forced Islamicization, the sari, part of the traditional attire for women on the subcontinent was banned. O'sha yili, Iqbol Bano, one of Pakistan's best-loved singers and artists, sang Hum Dekhenge to an audience of 50,000 people in a Lahor stadium wearing a black sari. The recording was smuggled out and distributed on bootleg cassette tapes across the country. "Qichqirig'iInquilab Zindobod " ("Long Live Revolution") and thunderous applause from the audience can be heard on the yozib olish kuni YouTube. Faiz was in prison at the time.

The song has since the fall of the Zia dictatorship, regularly featured in protests in Pakistan. More recently, a newer rendition of the song by Pakistani singer, Rahat Fateh Ali Xon, was used as the title song for the political party, Pokiston Tehrik-e-Insaf, ichida 2013 yil Pokistondagi umumiy saylov va Azadi yurishi 2014 yil.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Falastin hududlari

Falastin musiqasi (Arabcha: موسيقى فلسطينية‎) deals with the conflict with Isroil, the longing for peace, and the love of the Palestinians' land. A typical example of such a song is "Biladi, Biladi " (My Country, My Country), which has become the unofficial Palestinian national anthem. Palestinian music rarely focuses on internal divides (unlike most Israeli peace songs), and instead deals almost solely with Palestine. Additionally, there are very few Palestinian peace songs that do not indict Israel, and outwardly militaristic. Certain commentators have compared this with the general unwillingness of Palestinians to speak about internal problems, as they tend to be taboo in Palestinian society, and dissent is outlawed in G'azo, ostida HAMAS boshqaruv.

Another example is the song "Al-Quds (Jerusalem) our Land", with words by Sharif Sabri. The song, sung by Amr Diab dan Port-Said, Misr, won first prize in 2003 in a contest in Egypt for video clips produced in the G'arbiy sohil va G'azo.^[68] DAM bu Arabic hip-hop guruh, rap yilda Arabcha va Ibroniycha about the problems faced by Palestinians under occupation and calling for change. Kamilya Joubran's song "Ghareeba", a setting of a poem by Xalil Gibran, deals with a sense of isolation and loneliness felt by the Palestinian woman.

Filippinlar

From the revolutionary songs of the Katipunan to the songs being sung by the Yangi xalq armiyasi, Filipino protest music deals with poverty, oppression as well as anti-imperialism and independence. A typical example was during the American era, as Xose Korazon de Jezus created a well-known protest song entitled "Bayan Ko ", which calls for redeeming the nation against oppression, mainly colonialism, and also became popular as a song against the Marcos regime.

However, during the 1960s, Filipino protest music became aligned with the ideas of Kommunizm as well as of revolution. Norozilik qo'shig'i "Ang Linyang Masa"kelgan Mao Szedun and his Mass Line and "Papuri sa Pag-aaral"edi Bertolt Brext. These songs, although Filipinized, rose to become another part of Filipino protest music known as Revolutionary songs that became popular during protests and campaign struggles.

Portugaliya

The protest songs in Portugal were mostly associated with the antifascist movement and developed chiefly among students and activists. The best known are songs by Paulu de Karvalyu va Zeca Afonso, respectively "E Depois - Adeus " (And After the Goodbye) and "Grandola Vila Morena "(Grandola Swarthy Town). They were chosen as a code to start the Chinnigullar inqilobi that would successfully triumph against the dictatorial regime. The first was written out of letters that the author, then fighting to maintain the colonies (a war that the general public was against) sent to his wife. Hence the title that refers to his departure "goodbye" to the war. The other song was very explicit regarding his objective: "O Povo é quem mais ordena / dentro de ti oh cidade" (The people is the one who orders the most/ inside of you oh city). "E Depois do Adeus" was vague enough to elude the censorship and pass as a "end of love" song, which also accounts for the order of the broadcast.

Of the two, Zeca Afonso was more prolific and more identified with the movement, so much so that another of his songs was the first choice for the code "Venham mais 5" (Let 5 more come). Other artists also used some craft to hide their meanings in the song or went into exile. Bir misol Adriano Correia de Oliveira that masked the explicit lyrics with the vocal tone making it difficult to distinguish the critical verse, from the refrain or even other verses. In no other song is this more noted that the ballad "Trova do Vento que Passa " (Song/Poem of the Passing Wind), whose lyrics by the writer Manuel Alegre were a direct criticism of the state. The music was by António Portugal but Correia used a typical Fado rhythm to hide such provocative verses as "Mesmo na noite mais triste/em tempo de sevidão/há sempre alguém que resiste/há sempre alguém que diz não" (even in the saddest night/in time of servitude/there is always someone who stands up/there is always someone who says No).

Not only men but also women had an active participation, albeit in lesser numbers. Emerlinda Duarte, one of those women, wrote the song "Somos Livres", for a 1972 theatre play called Lisboa 72, masking a deep meaning with catchy children's music. Although the version of her singing the tune is the best known it was only recorded keyin the carnation revolution.

Many other songwriters and singers, in order to generate awareness, used their talents to act in all of Portugal, sometimes without pay or transport. Fausto Bordalo Dias once sang into a mike so poorly made it needed a plastic cup to work. Other singers included the priest Francisco Fanhais, the writer José Jorge Letria; Fernando Tordo; Luís Cília; Amélia Muge; Janita Salomé; Manuel Freire; Xose Barata-Moura; shoir Ary dos Santos; Xose Mario Branko, Serjio Godinyo, Carlos Alberto Moniz, Maria do Amparo and Samuel.

Polsha

Protest songs in Poland were mostly associated with anti-communist movement and developed in the 1970s and 1980s. One of the most important artists was Yatsek Kachmarski, author of such famous songs as "Mury " ("The Walls"), "Przedszkole" ("The Kindergarten") and "Zbroja" ("The Armor"), criticizing both the totalitarian communist government and the opposition. Another famous Polish folk singer, Yan Pietrzak, wrote one of the best-known Polish patriotic protest songs, "Jeby Polska była Polską " ("Make Poland Polish"), in which he reminded the most heroic moments of Polish history, including Kościuszko qo'zg'oloni, and called people to fight the communists as they fought other enemies of Poland before. He also recorded a musical version of the Jonasz Kofta 's poem "Pamiętajcie o ogrodach" ("Remember the Gardens"), protesting against the industrialism of life promoted by the communist propaganda. Other Polish artists well known for writing protest songs include Kazimierz Staszevskiy va Przemysław Gintrowski.

Rossiya

The most famous source of Russian protest music in the 20th century has been those known locally as bards. The term (бард in Russian) came to be used in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, and continues to be used in Russia today, to refer to qo'shiq mualliflari who wrote songs outside the Soviet establishment. Many of the most famous bards wrote numerous songs about war, particularly The Ulug 'Vatan urushi (World War II). Bards had various reasons for writing and singing songs about war. Bulat Okudjava, who actually fought in the war, used his sad and emotional style to illustrate the futility of war in songs such as "The Paper Soldier" ("Бумажный Солдат").

Many political songs were written by bards under Soviet rule, and the genre varied from acutely political, "Sovetlarga qarshi " songs, to witty satire in the best traditions of Ezop. Ba'zi Bulat Okudjava 's songs provide examples of political songs written on these themes. Vladimir Vysotskiy was perceived as a political songwriter, but later he gradually made his way into more mainstream culture. It was not so with Aleksandr Galich, who was forced to emigrate—owning a tape with his songs could mean a prison term in the USSR. Before emigration, he suffered from KGB persecution, as did another bard, Yuliy Kim. Boshqalar, shunga o'xshash Evgeniy Kliachkin va Aleksander Dolsky, maintained a balance between outright anti-Soviet and plain romantic material.Protest rhetoric can also be traced in the works of such rock bands as Grazdanskaya Oborona, Sodda, Tarakany!, Uchuvchi, Noize MC va Louna. Later, during the Soviet-Afghan War in the 1980s, Kino (guruh) albom chiqardi, Gruppa krovi (albom), which its main song, "Blood Type" (Группа Крови) is a protest song about the Soviet-Afghan War. Yilda Grand Theft Auto IV, it was part of the soundtrack before its ten-year license expired in 2018. In 2019, twenty-nine years and a day after the group's last performance at "Lujniki" stadioni, Metallica held a concert there and sang "Blood Type".

In the 21st century, the feminist punk band Pussy Riot in particular has had frequent run-ins with the Putin presidency va rus pravoslav cherkovi.

Janubiy Afrika

Anti-apartheid protest music

The majority of South African protest music of the 20th century concerned itself with aparteid, a system of legalized irqiy ajratish in which blacks were stripped of their citizenship and rights from 1948 to 1994. As the apartheid regime forced Africans into townships and industrial centres, people sang about leaving their homes, the horror of the coal mines and the degradation of working as domestic servants. Examples of which include Benedikt hamyon Vilakazi 's "Meadowlands", the "Toyi-toyi " chant and "Uni uyiga qaytaring "(1987) tomonidan Xyu Masekela, which became an anthem for the movement to free Nelson Mandela. The Special AKA wrote a song on Nelson Mandela called "Bepul Nelson Mandela ". The track is upbeat and celebratory, drawing on musical influence from South Africa, was immensely popular in Africa. Masekela's song "Soweto Blues ", sung by his former wife, Miriam Makeba, is a blues/jazz piece that mourns the carnage of the Sovetodagi tartibsizliklar 1976 yilda.^[69] Basil Coetzee va Abdulloh Ibrohim "Mannenberg " became an unofficial soundtrack to the anti-apartheid resistance.

In Afrikaans, the 1989 Ovoz berish boshchiligidagi harakat Yoxannes Kerkorrel, Koos Kombuis va Bernoldus Nemand, provided a voice of opposition from within the white Afrikaner jamiyat. These musicians sought to redefine Afrikaner identity, and although met with opposition from the authorities, Voëlvry played to large crowds at Afrikaans university campuses and was quite popular among Afrikaner youth.^[70]

Post-aparteid

Following apartheid's demise, most Afrikaans writers and musicians followed public sentiments by embracing the new South Africa, but cracks soon emerged in the dream of the "rainbow nation" and criticism started to emerge, criticism that has grown in frequency and intensity in recent years. Violent crime put South Africa in the top category of most dangerous country in the world, along with poverty, government corruption, and the AIDS pandemic. For this reason, writers and musicians in which some of them veterans of anti-apartheid movements, are once again protesting against what they consider to be a government failing to uphold the promise of 'peace, democracy and freedom for all' that Nelson Mandela made upon his release from prison. 2000 yilga kelib, Yoxannes Kerkorrel claimed in the song "Die stad bloei vanaand" [The city bleeds tonight]: "the dream was promised, but just another lie has been sold."

Two Afrikaans compilation albums of predominantly protest music were released recently: Genoeg is genoeg [Enough is enough] (2007) and Vaderland [Fatherland] (2008), and Koos Kombuis also released a CD called Bloedrivier [Blood River] (2008), which is primarily a protest album. One track, "Waar is Mandela" [Where is Mandela] asks, "Where is Mandela when the shadows descend ... Where is the rainbow, where is the glory?" and another, "Die fokkol song" [The fuck all song], tells tourists who visit South Africa for the 2010 Football World Cup that there is nothing in South Africa; no jobs, no petrol, no electric power, not even jokes. However, these compilations only represent the tip of the iceberg, as many prominent musicians have included protest songs on recent albums, including Bok van Blerk, Fokofpolisiekar va KOBUS!.

The reality of the New South Africa is decidedly violent and crime is a well-known theme in post-apartheid Afrikaans protest music. The punk group Fokofpolisiekar (which translates to "fuck off police car") sings in "Brand Suid-Afrika" [Burn South Africa]: "For you knives lie in wait, in the garden outside you house," and Suid-Afrika radiosi sings in "Bid" [Pray]: "Pray that no-one will be waiting in the garden, pray for strength and for mercy in each dark day." Theirs is a country of "murder and child rape" where the only respite is alcohol abuse. In "Blaas hom" [Blow him away] by the industrial band Batareya 9, the narrator sings how he gleefully unloads his gun on a burglar after being robbed for the third time, and in "Siek bliksems" [Sick bastards] Kristoe Strauss asks God to help against the "sick bastards" responsible for hijackings. The metal band KOBUS! pleads for a reinstatement of the death penalty in "Doodstraf", because they feel the promise of peace has not been realized. In "Reconciliation Day", Koos Kombuis sings: "Our streets run with blood, every day a funeral procession, they steal all our goods, on Reconciliation Day." Elsewhere he states, "we're in a state of war." The video of this song features a lawless microcosm of theft, rape and abuse – a lawlessness reflected in Valiant Svart 's "Sodom en Gomorra": "two cities in the north, without laws, without order, too wonderful for words." Hanru Niemand rewrites the traditional Afrikaans song Sari Marais, turning it into a murder ballad speculating on where Sarie's body will be found. The new protest musicians also parody Ovoz berish 's music: Yoxannes Kerkorrel 's "Sit dit af" [Switch it off] – a satire on P. W. Botha of the apartheid regime – is turned into "Sit dit aan" [Switch it on] by Koos Kombuis, now a song protesting mismanagement resulting in chronic power failures.

Much of the protest by Afrikaans musicians concerns the legacy of apartheid: In "Blameer dit op apartheid" [Blame it on apartheid] Koos Kombuis sings how "the whole country is evil," yet the situation is blamed on apartheid. Klopjag, in "Ek sal nie langer" [I will no longer] sings that they will no longer apologize for apartheid, a theme echoed by many others, including Koos Kombuis in "Hoe lank moet ons nog sorry sê" [For how long do we still have to say sorry]. Piet Paraat sings in "Toema Jacob Zuma" [Never mind Jacob Zuma]: "My whole life I'm punished for the sins of my father." There is also a distinct feeling that the Afrikaner is being marginalized by the ANC hukumat: Fokofpolisiekar sings in "Antibiotika" [Antibiotics], "I'm just a tourist in the country of my birth," Bok van Blerk sings in "Die kleur van my vel" [The colour of my skin] that the country does not want him despite his willingness to work, because he is white, and in "Bloekomboom" Rian Malan uses the metaphor of a blue gum tree (an alien species) to plead that Afrikaners should not be regarded as settlers, but as part of the nation. Stiv Xofmeyr has expressed concern about the statistically high murders of Afrikaner farmers, and has also appealed in several speeches to remember Afrikaner heritage. His songs "Ons Sal Dit Oorleef" (We will survive this)and "My Kreed" (My Cry) also echoes many Afrikaners' fears of losing their culture and rights. The appeals by these musicians, and several others, to be included follows a sense of exclusion manifested in the political, linguistic and economic realms, an exclusion depicted particularly vividly by Bok van Blerk 's "Kaplyn" [Cut line], a song that laments that fallen South African soldiers have been omitted in one of the country's show-case memorials, the Freedom Park Memorial, despite official claims of it being a memorial for all who had fought for the country.

Janubiy Koreya

Commonly, protest songs in South Korea are known as Minjung Gayo (Koreys: 민중 가요, literally "People's song"), and the genre of protest songs is called "Norae Undong", translating to the literal meaning"Song movement".^[71] It was raised by people in the 1970s~1980s to be against the military governments of Presidents Park Jeong-hee va Jeon Doo-hwan.

The Minjung-Gayo (Hangul: 민중가요; Xanja: 民衆歌謠) is one of Korean modern singing culture, which has been used as musical means of pro-democracy movement. It was mainly enjoyed by the people who are critical of mainstream song culture in the process of democratization movement. The term of Minjung-Gayo was naturally coined by people in the mid-1980s. Since this was the period when protest songs were grown rapidly and the singing movement began, It was needed to take care of protest songs, a new term that could be used to differentiate them from popular songs was necessary. In a broad sense, The Minjung-Gayo includes the anti-Japanese song on Japanese colonial era which is continued to the early 1970s. But Generally, the Minjung-Gayo means the culture which is matured in the late 1970s and lasted in 1990.

The Concept of Korean Protest Songs (Minjung-Gayo)

This picture is about 4th 'Gather! Jahl! Istefo Park Geunhye ' Demonstration in 2016

Korean protest song called Minjung-Gayo reflects the will of crowd and voices of criticism of the day.^[72] Korean protest song has emerged on 1980s, especially before and after of the June Democracy Movement 1987 yilda.^[72]

Korean Protest Songs Before 1980s

The starting point of Korean protest songs was the music culture of Korean students movements around 1970.^[72] With criticizing about pop music or overcoming, it started that their own unique music culture having certain coriander layer and own existing method distinguished with pop culture.^[72] a few songs called as 'Demo-ga ' (demonstration songs) and others from the 1960s was chosen as 'Minjung-Gayo' (Korean protest songs).^[72] There're 'Haebang-ga (Hangul; 해방가)',' Tana-Tana ', 'Barami-bunda '(Hangul; 바람이 분다), 'Stenka Razin' and so on. After 1975, another songs like 'Hula-song', 'Jungui-ga ' was added in the list.^[72]

Through the era of an emergency measure, the atmosphere of Korean universities was getting stiffer. Students who participated in the students' movements had to be prepared to die and they were required to have much stronger faith and actions.^[72] Students who participated in students' movements became critics of the old social systems and pop culture. Due to it being the result of old social system, they started to pursue progressive and political culture.^[72] Spreading the criticism against pop music, a series of certain music culture which had such unique criticism of university students was established and it is the base of Korean protest songs.^[72]

Korean protest songs in 1980s

Tapes of Korean Protest Songs in 1980s

The short 'Spring of democracy' before May, 1980 coming after 10.26 situation in 1979 was such a big opportunity to show the protest songs hidden by a few students to many students in public demonstrations.^[72] the organizers of demonstrations was spreading papers that the lyrics and sheet music was written on in continued demonstrations and in this period, the most of demonstrations were started to make the atmosphere with learning the songs.^[72]

The mainstream of Korean protest songs in 1980s could divided in three periods. The first period is the establishment of the protest songs.^[72] It is the period that many songs composed as marching song with minor like "The March for Her" (Hangeul: 임을 위한 행진곡) were being written and the number of the songs were increased massively from 1980 to 1984.^[72]

The second period started with young men fresh just out of college, who had engaged in music club.^[72] They perform a concert the story of song "Eggplant Flower" (Hangul: 가지꽃) in Aeogae little theater by lending the name of theater "Handurae" (Hangeul: 한두레). In this period, music has taken a part of social movement.^[72]

The third period is after the Democratic uprising in June 1987 and the first regular performing of 'People seeking music' held in Korean church 100th anniversary memorial in October that same year after the great labor conflict in July, August, and September 1987. In this period, they were trying to figure out how could they overcome limits that the music movement in universities had and find new ways that they should be on.^[72] After successive the great labor conflict in July to September, protest songs reflected the joys and sorrows of workers.^[72] After going through this period, protest song embraces not only the intellectuals, but also the working-class population.^[72]

Korean protest songs after 1990s

From the middle of the 1990s, since the social voices of the students' demonstrations and the labor demonstrations started getting decreased, Korean protest songs have lost their popularity in many other fields except the struggle scenes. It is the period that the music groups in universities and the professional cultural demonstration groups started trying to change the form of Korean protest songs and trying new things. It was not easy to change such generalized form of the music into the new wave.^[73]

In the 2000s, the memorial candle demonstration for the middle school girls who were killed by U.S Army's tank to the demonstration against importing mad cow disease beef from U.S, such people participatory demonstration culture started being settled. In this period, the songs not having such solemn atmosphere like 'Fucking USA', 'The First Korean Constitution' was made, but the influence still could not spread wide and only stayed in the field^[74]

Representative artist

Kim Min-ki

Born in Iksan-si, Jeonlabuk-do, he moved to Seoul before he entered primary school. U Seul universitetida bo'lganida "Dobidoo" nomli guruh tuzgan va musiqa yoza boshlagan. O'sha paytda, u Heeuen Yang bilan tanishgan va u o'zining boshlang'ich maktabdagi do'sti bo'lgan va unga 1970 yilda chiqqan 'Morning Dew' <아침 이슬> qo'shig'ini bergan. 1972 yilda u 'We' singari qo'shiqlarini kuylagani uchun hibsga olingan. G'olib chiqadi '<우리 승리 하리라>,' Ozodlik qo'shig'i '<해방가>,' Gullarni puflagan bola '꽃 피우는 아이> va hk., Va uning barcha qo'shiqlari efirga uzatilishi taqiqlangan. U Koreya armiyasidan chiqqanidan keyin Heeuen Yangning "Yovvoyi o'tloqdagi qarag'ay ignalari singari" qo'shig'ini va shuningdek, 'Zavoddagi yorug'lik' qo'shig'ini yozgan <공장 의 불빛>.^[75]

"Qo'shiqlar topayotgan odamlar"

"Qo'shiqlarni topayotgan odamlar" [노래 를 찾는 사람들 사람들] - 1980-90 yillarda koreyslarning norozilik qo'shiqlarini yozadigan musiqiy guruh ("Nochatsa" [노찾사]). 1980-yillarda Koreya universitetlari atrofida Koreya harbiy diktaturasiga qarshi ko'plab namoyishlar bo'lib o'tdi va shu vaqtdan beri ushbu universitetlarning talabalari tomonidan ko'plab norozilik qo'shiqlari yozildi. Koreyalik norozilik qo'shiqlari [hangul: 민중 가요 Minjung-gayo] davrdagi voqelikni odatdagi muhabbat qo'shiqlaridan farq qiladi, shunda ular qo'shiqlardan tijorat muvaffaqiyatlarini kutishmaydi. Biroq, guruhning albomlari aslida tijorat jihatdan muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan va Koreya pop musiqasi tarixida iz qoldirgan. Guruhga Seul unividan "Meari", Koreya universitetidan "Norea-erl", Ehva ayollar universitetidan "Hansori", Sungkyunkvan universitetidan "Sori-sarang" va boshqalar qatnashdilar.^[76]

Tayvan

"Orolning quyosh chiqishi "(Xitoycha: 島嶼 天光) - bu 2014 yilgi qo'shiq Kungaboqar talabalar harakati Tayvanda. Shuningdek, "LAN Ling Vang" teleserialining mavzuli qo'shig'i Array qo'shig'iga Mayday tomonidan kuylangan (xitoycha: 入 陣 曲) Tayvan paytida prezident davridagi barcha ijtimoiy va siyosiy ziddiyatlarni ifoda etgan Ma Ying-Tsyu ma'muriyat.

Tailand

Tailandda norozilik qo'shiqlari sifatida tanilgan Phleng phuea chiwit (Tailandcha: เพลง เพื่อ ชีวิต, IPA:[pʰlēːŋ pʰɯ̂a tɕʰīː.wít]; yoqilgan kabi taniqli rassomlar tomonidan 70-yillarda paydo bo'lgan musiqiy janr "hayot uchun qo'shiqlar") Karvon, Carabao, Pongthep Kradonchamnan va Pongsit Kamphee.^[77]

Tunis

Emel Matluthi diktator tomonidan boshqariladigan Tunisda erkinlik va qadr-qimmatga da'vat etgan yoshligidan qo'shiqlar yaratgan Zayn El-Obidin Ben Ali, uni ichki xavfsizlik kuchlari tomonidan tekshirib, uni Parijga chekinishga majbur qildi. Rasmiy efirda taqiqlangan uning norozilik qo'shiqlari ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda tinglovchilarini topdi. 2010 yil oxiri va 2011 yil boshlarida Tunislik namoyishchilar uning qo'shig'iga murojaat qilishdi Kelmti Horra (mening so'zim bepul) ning madhiyasi sifatida Tunis inqilobi.

kurka

Anatoliyadagi isyonkor / norozilik musiqasining ildizi XVI asrga borib taqaladi. 18-asrda yashagan Pir Sulton Abdal, Koroglu va Dadaloglu kabi o'sha davrda yashagan asiklar hanuzgacha ilhomlantiruvchidir. Isyon an'analari asrlar osha davom etib kelmoqda va ushbu geografiya madaniyatiga ko'plab qo'shiqlar berdi.^[78] Turkiyadagi norozilik musiqasidagi xabar tengsizlik, erkinlik yo'qligi, qashshoqlik va fikr erkinligiga qarshi bo'lgan. Ushbu uslubdagi yumshoqroq elementlar progressiv deb nomlanadi, ba'zi qattiq norozilik musiqachilari esa 20-asrda Turkiyada jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilgan va ba'zan ta'qib qilingan. Bir nechta turkiyalik qo'shiqchilar surgun qilishga majbur bo'lishdi, xususan Jem Karaca, keyinchalik erkin sharoit va atmosferada Turkiyaga qaytib keldi.^[79] Odatda, "Protest Music" guruhlari, ayniqsa, o'rta maktablar va universitetlarda katta izdoshlari bo'lgan chap tomon guruhlari. Musiqa folklor va rok o'rtasidagi krossover bo'lib, matnlari ozodlik, repressiya va qo'zg'olon, kapitalizm va mazlumlar va hech qachon kelmaydigan inqilob haqida. Bu erda va u erda anti-Amerika shiorlarini aytish odatiy holdir. Erkak qo'shiqchilar har doim biz Devidianning ovozi (chuqur va xiralashgan la Barri Uaytni anglatadi) deb atashadi va ayollar odatda baland ovoz bilan nazal qo'shiq aytishadi.^[80]

Qo'shma Shtatlar

Dastlab va hali ham asosan kubalik bo'lsa ham, nueva trova Lotin Amerikasi bo'ylab mashhur bo'lib qoldi, ayniqsa Puerto-Riko. Eng katta yulduzlarning harakatlari kabi Puerto-Rikaliklarni o'z ichiga olgan Roy Braun, Andres Ximenes, Antonio Kaban Vale va guruh Haciendo Punto en Otro Son.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Bunga javoban Telegramgate, Puerto-Riko musiqachilari Yomon quyon, Rezident va iLE norozilik qo'shig'ini chiqardi "Afilando los cuchillos "2019 yil 17 iyulda.^[81] Bu diss track iste'fosini talab qilmoqda Rikardo Rossello.^[82]

Sobiq Yugoslaviya

Lazar Brčić Kostich [sr ] sobiq Yugoslaviya norozilik qo'shiqchisi va qo'shiq muallifi edi.

Shuningdek qarang

• Fuqarolik huquqlari madhiyasi
• Sentimental ballada
• Qarshi madaniyat
• 1960-yillarning qarshi madaniyati
• Xalq musiqasi
• Xalq pank
• Urushga qarshi qo'shiqlar ro'yxati
• Tinchlik uchun kurashchilar ro'yxati
• Musiqa va siyosat
• Zo'ravonliksiz qarshilik
• Siyosiy /Ongli ravishda hip-hop
• Reggae (Lirik mavzular bo'yicha bo'lim)
• Inqilobiy qo'shiq
• Mavzuga oid qo'shiq
• Wobblies

Adabiyotlar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Koen, Ronald D. va Deyv Samuelson. Liner yozuvlari Siyosiy harakatlar uchun qo'shiqlar. Oldendorf: Bear Family Records, 1996 yil.
• Denisoff, R. Serj. Ijtimoiy ahamiyatga ega bo'lgan qo'shiqni kuylang. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1983 yil.
• Eyerman, Ron va Endryu Jeymison. Musiqiy va ijtimoiy harakatlar: XX asrda urf-odatlarni safarbar qilish. Kembrij: Kembrij universiteti matbuoti, 1998 y.
• Fauk, Edit va Djo Gleyzer. Ish va norozilik qo'shiqlari. Nyu-York: Dover nashrlari, 1973 yil.
• McDonnell, John, ed. (1986) Kurash va norozilik qo'shiqlari. Cork: Mercier Press ISBN  0-85342-775-5 (1979 yil Gilbert Dalton nashrining qayta nashr etilishi)
• Phull, Hardeep. E'tiroz qo'shig'i ortidagi voqea: 20-asrni o'zgartirgan 50 ta qo'shiq uchun qo'llanma. Vestport: Grinvud, 2008 yil.
• Pratt, Rey. Ritm va qarshilik: Ommabop musiqaning siyosiy qo'llanilishidagi izlanishlar (ommaviy axborot vositalari va jamiyat seriyalari). Nyu-York: Praeger, 1990 yil.
• Robb, Devid (tahr.) 1960 yildan beri Sharqiy va G'arbiy Germaniyadagi norozilik qo'shig'i. Rochester, NY: Kamden, 2007 yil.
• Skaduto, Entoni. Bob Dilan. London: Helter Skelter, 2001 (1972 yil asl nusxasini qayta nashr etish).

Tashqi havolalar

• "G'alati meva" - PBS-dan norozilik musiqasining tarixi
• "Vetnam: norozilik musiqasi", Stiv Shifferes, BBC News, yakshanba, 2005 yil 1 may
• Mehnat va sanoat xalq qo'shiqlari: tanlangan bibliografiya Kongress kutubxonasidan
• E'tiroz qo'shiqlari va so'zlari ta'lim manbai
• Sizning sevimli siyosiy qo'shiqingiz qaysi? Dunyo bo'ylab eng yaxshi siyosiy va madaniy arboblar o'zlariga eng yoqadigan siyosiy qo'shiqni nomzod qilib ko'rsatadilar va gaplashadilar