Narsa (1982 film) - The Thing (1982 film)

Narsalar
Teatrlashtirilgan plakat tomonidan Drew Struzan
Rejissor	John Carpenter
Tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan	Devid Foster Lourens Turman
Ssenariy muallifi	Bill Lancaster
Asoslangan	U erga kim boradi? tomonidan Kichik Jon Kempbell
Bosh rollarda	Kurt Rassel
Musiqa muallifi	Ennio Morrikone
Kinematografiya	Din Kandi
Tahrirlangan	Todd Ramsay
Ishlab chiqarish kompaniya	Turman-Foster kompaniyasi
Tarqatgan	Universal rasmlar
Ishlab chiqarilish sanasi	1982 yil 25 iyun (1982-06-25)
Ish vaqti	109 daqiqa
Mamlakat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Til	Ingliz tili
Byudjet	15 million dollar
Teatr kassasi	19,6 million dollar (Shimoliy Amerika)

Narsalar 1982 yilgi amerikalik ilmiy fantastika dahshatli film rejissor John Carpenter va tomonidan yozilgan Bill Lancaster. 1938 yilga asoslangan Kichik Jon Kempbell roman U erga kim boradi?, bu bir guruh amerikalik tadqiqotchilar haqida hikoya qiladi Antarktida nomli "narsa" ga duch keladigan, a parazit o'zlashtiradigan, so'ngra boshqalarga taqlid qiladigan g'ayritabiiy hayot shakli organizmlar. Guruhni endi bir-biriga ishonib bo'lmasligini va ularning birortasi Narsa bo'lishi mumkinligini bilib, paranoyalar va nizolar yengib chiqadi. Filmda yulduzlar Kurt Rassel jamoaning vertolyot uchuvchisi sifatida, R.J. MacReady va xususiyatlari A. Uilford Brimli, T. K. Karter, Devid Klennon, Keyt Devid, Richard Disart, Charlz Xallaxon, Piter Maloni, Richard Masur, Donald Moffat, Joel Polis va Tomas G. Uayts yordamchi rollarda.

Ishlab chiqarish 1970-yillarning o'rtalarida, 1951 yildan so'ng, romanning sodda moslashuvi sifatida boshlandi Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa. Narsalar bir nechta rejissyorlar va yozuvchilar orqali o'tdi, ularning har biri hikoyaga qanday munosabatda bo'lish haqida turli xil fikrlarga ega edi. Filmni suratga olish 1981 yil avgustdan boshlanib, taxminan 12 hafta davom etdi va Los-Anjelesdagi muzlatgichli to'plamlarda hamda Juneau, Alyaska va Styuart, Britaniya Kolumbiyasi. Filmning 15 dollari million byudjet, 1,5 dollar million mablag 'sarflandi Rob Bottin jonzotlar effektlari, kimyoviy moddalar aralashmasi, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, kauchuk va mexanik qismlar uning katta jamoasi tomonidan har qanday shaklga ega bo'lgan begonaga aylandi.

Narsalar 1982 yilda juda salbiy sharhlarga chiqarilgan. Bu "zudlik bilan keraksiz narsalar", "bechora ortiqcha" deb ta'riflangan va kinojurnal tomonidan barcha zamonlarning eng nafratlangan filmi sifatida taklif qilingan Cinefantastique.^[1] Sharhlarda ham maxsus effektlar yutuqlari maqtandi va ularning ingl. Jirkanchligi tanqid qilindi, boshqalari esa xarakteristikaning yomon bajarilishini topdilar. Film 19,6 dollar ishlab topdi uning teatr tomoshasi davomida million. Uning tomoshabinlarni hayratga solmasligi uchun ko'plab sabablar keltirilgan: kabi filmlarning raqobati E.T. erdan tashqari chet elliklar tashrifini optimistik qabul qilishni taklif qilgan; muvaffaqiyatli ilmiy fantastika va fantastik filmlar bilan to'ldirilgan yoz; va turg'unlik davrida yashaydigan, tubdan qarama-qarshi bo'lgan tomoshabinlar Narsalar's nigilistik ohang.

Film uy video va televizion kanallarida namoyish etilganda tomoshabinlarni topdi. Keyingi yillarda u eng yaxshi ilmiy fantastika va dahshatli filmlardan biri sifatida qayta baholandi va filmga sazovor bo'ldi. kultga rioya qilish. Kinorejissyorlar ularning ishlariga ta'sirini ta'kidladilar va bu haqda televidenie va video o'yinlar kabi boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalarida aytib o'tilgan. Narsalar turli xil tovarlarni ishlab chiqardi, shu jumladan 1982 yil novlizatsiya, hayajonli uyning diqqatga sazovor joylari, stol o'yinlari va chiziq romanlarning davomlari, xuddi shu nomdagi video o'yin va 2011 yilgi prekvel shu nomdagi film. Qayta ishlab chiqarish 2020 yilda e'lon qilindi.

Uchastka

Antarktidada Norvegiya vertolyoti a chana it Amerika tadqiqot stantsiyasiga. Amerikaliklar norvegiyalik yo'lovchining vertolyotni va o'zini tasodifan portlatib yuborganiga guvoh bo'lishdi. Norvegiyalik uchuvchi miltiqdan o'q uzib, amerikaliklarga qichqiradi, ammo ular uni tushunolmaydilar va u o'zini himoya qilish uchun stantsiya komandiri Garri tomonidan otib o'ldirilgan. Amerikalik vertolyot uchuvchisi, R.J. MacReady va doktor Copper Norvegiya bazasini tekshirish uchun jo'nab ketdi. Yondirilgan xarobalar va muzlatilgan murdalar orasida ular noto'g'ri shakllangan kuygan qoldiqlarini topadilar gumanoid ular Amerika stantsiyasiga qaytarishadi. Ularning biologi Bler qoldiqlarga otopsiyani o'tkazadi va inson organlarining normal to'plamini topadi.

Klark chana itni itini boqadi va u tez orada metamorfozaga uchraydi va stantsiya itlarini o'ziga singdiradi. Ushbu bezovtalik jamoani ogohlantiradi va Childs jonzotni yoqish uchun olovni ishlatadi. Bler yangi jonzotni otopsiyadan o'tkazadi va uning boshqa organizmlarga mukammal taqlid qilishi mumkinligini bilib oladi. Qayta tiklangan Norvegiya ma'lumotlari amerikaliklarni qisman ko'milgan o'zga sayyoraliklar kosmik kemasini o'z ichiga olgan katta qazish maydoniga va odam o'lchamidagi kichikroq qazish maydoniga olib boradi. Norrisning ta'kidlashicha, begona kema kamida 100000 yil davomida ko'milgan. Bler jonzot bir necha yil ichida Yerdagi barcha hayotni o'zlashtira oladigan paranoidani kuchaytiradi. Stansiya assimilyatsiya xavfini kamaytirish uchun boshqaruvni amalga oshiradi.

Noto'g'ri shakllangan gumanoid jonzot izolyatsiya qilingan Benningsni o'zlashtiradi, ammo Windows bu jarayonni to'xtatadi va MacReady Bennings-Thingni yoqadi. Bler barcha avtotransport vositalarini sabotaj qiladi, qolgan chana itlarni o'ldiradi va qochib ketmaslik uchun radiosini yo'q qiladi. Jamoa uni asboblar omboriga qamab qo'yadi. Mis har bir a'zoning qonini zaxirada bo'lgan ifloslanmagan qon bilan taqqoslash uchun testni taklif qiladi, ammo qon zaxiralari yo'q qilinganligini bilib, erkaklar Garriga ishonishmaydi va MacReady buyruqni o'z zimmasiga oladi.

MacReady, Windows va Nauls Fuchsning kuygan jasadini topadi va u assimilyatsiya qilinmaslik uchun o'z joniga qasd qilganini taxmin qilmoqda. MacReady va Nauls MacReady kulbasini tekshirganda Windows bazaga qaytadi. Qaytish paytida Nauls MacReady-ni yomg'ir kiyimidan topib, assimilyatsiya qilingan deb o'ylab, qorli bo'ronda tashlaydi. Jamoa MacReady-ga ichkariga kirishga ruxsat berish to'g'risida bahslashmoqda, ammo u buzilib, guruhni dinamit bilan ushlab turdi. Uchrashuv paytida Norris yurak xurujiga uchraganga o'xshaydi.

Mis urinib ko'rganidek defibrilat Norris, uning ko'kragi katta og'ziga aylanib, Misning qo'llarini tishlab o'ldirdi. MacReady Norris-Thingni yoqib yuboradi, ammo uning boshi yonib ketadi va qochishga urinib ko'radi. MacReady o'zini himoya qilish uchun Klarkni pichoq bilan orqasidan o'girganda o'ldirishga majbur. Uning fikriga ko'ra, Norris-Thingning boshi, narsaning har bir qismi o'z hayotiy instinktiga ega bo'lgan individual hayot shaklidir. U qon namunalarini isitilgan sim bilan ketma-ket tekshiradi. Sinovdan qoni sakragan Palmerdan tashqari hamma sinovdan o'tmoqda. Exposed, Palmer Windows-ni o'zgartiradi va yuqtiradi va MacReady-ni ikkalasini ham yoqishga majbur qiladi.

Bolalar qorovulda qolib ketmoqda, boshqalari esa Blerni sinab ko'rish uchun borishadi. Ular Bler qochib ketganini va kichik qismni yig'ish uchun transport vositalaridan foydalanganligini aniqladilar uchar likopcha. Qaytib kelganda, Childs yo'qolgan va elektr generatori yo'q qilingan. MacReady, Thing qutqaruv guruhi kelguniga qadar qish uyqusiga qaytmoqchi deb taxmin qilmoqda. MacReady, Garry va Nauls Thingni yo'q qilish uchun butun stantsiyani portlatishga qaror qilishdi. Ular portlovchi moddalarni o'rnatganlarida, Bler Garrini o'ldiradi va Nauls yo'qoladi. Bler ulkan jonzotga aylanib, detonatorni yo'q qiladi. MacReady bazani yo'q qiladigan dinamit tayoqchasi yordamida portlovchi moddalarni ishga tushiradi.

MacReady stantsiya yonayotgan paytda yaqin joyda o'tiradi. Childs Blerni ta'qib qilayotganda bo'ronda adashib qolganini aytib, qaytib keladi. Charchagan va asta-sekin muzlab o'lgan ular, ishonchsizliklarining befoyda ekanligini tan olishadi va bir shisha skotch bilan bo'lishishadi.

Ishlab chiqarish

Rivojlanish

Direktor John Carpenter 2001 yilda

Filmning rivojlanishi 1970-yillarning o'rtalarida prodyuserlar Devid Foster va Lourens Turman taklif qilgan paytdan boshlandi Universal rasmlar 1938 yilga moslashtirish Jon V. Kempbell roman U erga kim boradi?. Ilgari u bir marta bemalol moslashtirilgan edi Xovard Xoks va Christian Nyby 1951 yilgi film Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa, ammo Foster va Turman manba materiallariga yanada yaqinroq bo'lgan loyihani ishlab chiqishni xohlashdi. Ssenariy mualliflari Hal Barvud va Metyu Robbins moslashish huquqiga ega edi, ammo yangi filmni suratga olish imkoniyatini berdi, shuning uchun Universal ulardan huquqlarni oldi.^[2][3] 1976 yilda, Uilbur Stark qayta tuzish huquqini 23 ga sotib olgan edi RKO rasmlari filmlar, shu jumladan Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa, uchdan Uoll-strit ular bilan nima qilishni bilmagan moliyachilar, filmlar ishlab chiqarilganda qaytib kelish evaziga.^[4] Universal o'z navbatida Starkdan filmni qayta tiklash huquqini qo'lga kiritdi, natijada unga barcha bosma reklama, plakatlar, televizion reklamalar va studiya press-materiallari uchun ijrochi prodyuser krediti berildi.^[5]

John Carpenter Loyiha to'g'risida birinchi marta 1976 yilda prodyuser va do'st Styuart Koen murojaat qilgan,^[6] lekin Carpenter asosan mustaqil kinorejissyor edi, shuning uchun Universal tanladi Texas zanjiri qirg'inni ko'rdi (1974) direktor Tobe Xuper chunki ular allaqachon unga shartnoma bo'yicha ega bo'lishgan. Oxir oqibat prodyuserlar Xuper va uning yozuvchi sherigidan norozi bo'lishdi Kim Xenkel tushunchasi. Yana bir nechtasi muvaffaqiyatsiz tugagandan so'ng maydonchalar turli yozuvchilar tomonidan va boshqa rejissyorlarni jalb qilishga urinishlar, masalan Jon Landis, loyiha to'xtatildi. Shunday bo'lsa ham, muvaffaqiyat Ridli Skott 1979 yil fantastika dahshatli filmi Chet ellik loyihaning tiklanishiga yordam berdi va o'sha paytda Carpenter o'zining nufuzli bilan muvaffaqiyatga erishganidan keyin erkin bog'lanib qoldi silliq plyonka Halloween (1978).^[2][7]

Karpenter loyihaga qo'shilishni istamadi, chunki u Xoksning moslashuvidan o'tish qiyin bo'ladi, deb o'ylar edi, garchi u filmning monstrini sezilmas deb hisoblagan bo'lsa. Koen unga romanning asl nusxasini o'qishni taklif qildi. Carpenter, maxluq tomonidan o'tkazilgan taqlidlarning "sudraluvchanligi" va u ko'targan savollarni qiziqarli deb topdi. U roman bilan parallelliklarni yaratdi Agata Kristi sirli roman Va keyin hech kim yo'q edi (1939) va ta'kidlaganidek, voqea U erga kim boradi? u uchun "o'z vaqtida" edi, ya'ni u buni "o'z kuniga to'g'ri" aylantirishi mumkin edi, chunki Xoklar o'z vaqtida bo'lgani kabi.^[8] Xokning moslashuvining muxlisi bo'lgan Carpenter bunga hurmat bajo keltirdi Halloweenva u tomosha qildi Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa suratga olish boshlanishidan oldin ilhom uchun bir necha marta.^[9][10] Duradgor va operator Din Kandi avval birga ishlagan Halloweenva Narsalar a uchun birinchi yirik byudjet loyihasi edi yirik kinostudiya.^[10]

Yozuvchi va ekipajni ta'minlashdan so'ng, Carpenter o'zining ehtirosli loyihasi deb ishonib, deyarli ishdan bo'shaganida, film yana to'xtab qoldi. El Diablo (1990), tomonidan tayyorlanish arafasida edi EMI filmlari. Ishlab chiqaruvchilar turli xil almashtirishlarni muhokama qildilar, shu jumladan Valter tepaligi, Sem Pekinpax va Maykl Ritchi, lekin rivojlanishi El Diablo Carpenter ishonganidek yaqin emas edi va u yonida qoldi Narsalar.^[2]

Universal dastlab 10 dollar miqdorida byudjetni o'rnatdi million, "ijod effektlari" uchun 200 ming dollar, bu o'sha paytda studiya monster filmiga ajratganidan ham ko'proq edi. Tasvirga olish ishlari 98 kun ichida yakunlanishi kerak edi. Universal kompaniyasining prodyuserlik studiyalari buning uchun kamida 17 dollar talab qilinishini taxmin qilishgan marketing va boshqa xarajatlardan oldin million, chunki rejada qo'shimcha to'plamlar, shu jumladan tashqi to'plamlar va Benningsning asl ssenariy o'limi uchun katta to'plam mavjud bo'lib, uning qiymati 1,5 dollar. yolg'iz million. Sifatida hikoya taxtasi va dizaynlar yakunlandi, ekipaj jonzotlarning effektlari uchun kamida $ 750,000 kerak bo'lishini taxmin qildi, raqam Universal Universal rahbarlari ishchilar sonini ko'rgandan keyin rozi bo'lishdi. Rob Bottin, maxsus makiyaj effektlari dizayner. Assotsiatsiyaviy prodyuser Larri Franko film uchun byudjet mablag'larini ishlab chiqarishga mas'ul bo'lgan; u suratga olish jadvalini uchdan biriga qisqartirdi, joyida suratga olishning tashqi to'plamlarini yo'q qildi va Benningsning g'ayrioddiy o'lim sahnasini olib tashladi. Koen vayron qilingan Amerika lagerini vayron bo'lgan Norvegiya lageri sifatida qayta ishlatishni taklif qildi va undan 250 ming dollar tejab qoldi. Suratga olish avgustda boshlanganda, Narsalar byudjeti 11,4 dollarni tashkil etgan millionni tashkil etdi va bilvosita xarajatlar uni 14 dollarga etkazdi million.^[11] Effektlar byudjeti tugadi va oxir-oqibat 1,5 dollarni tashkil etdi millionni tashkil etdi, bu ba'zi sahnalarni yo'q qilishga majbur qildi, shu jumladan Naulsning "quti Thing" deb nomlangan jonzot bilan to'qnashuvi.^[11][12] Ishlab chiqarish oxiriga kelib, Carpenter ijro etuvchi shaxsga shaxsiy murojaat qilishi kerak edi Ned Tanen Bler-Thingning soddalashtirilgan versiyasini to'ldirish uchun 100000 dollarga.^[11] Yakuniy qiymati 12,4 dollarni tashkil etdi million, qo'shimcha xarajatlar esa uni 15 dollarga etkazdi million.^[11][12]

Yozish

Yozuvchi Bill Lancaster 1967 yilda

Bir nechta yozuvchilar loyihalarini ishlab chiqdilar Narsalar oldin Carpenter ishtirok etishidan oldin, shu jumladan Loganning yugurishi (1967) yozuvchi Uilyam F. Nolan, yozuvchi Devid Uilts Va Hooper va Henkel, ularning loyihasi hech bo'lmaganda suv ostida o'rnatilgan va Koen a deb ta'riflagan Mobi-Dik "Kapitan" shaklini o'zgartirmaydigan katta jonzot bilan jang qilgani kabi hikoya.^[2] Carpenter 2014 yilda bergan intervyusida aytganidek, "ular shunchaki buni amalga oshirishga harakat qilishgan".^[13] Yozuvchilar Carpenter loyihaga qo'shilishidan oldin ketishdi.^[13][14][15] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, ssenariylar «dahshatli», chunki ular voqeani shunday bo'lmagan narsaga o'zgartirib yuborgan va narsaning xameleonga o'xshash tomoniga e'tibor bermagan.^[6] Yaqinda ishni tugatgandan so'ng, duradgor o'zi loyihani yozishni xohlamadi Nyu-Yorkdan qochish (1981) va ssenariyni oxiriga etkazish uchun kurashgan Filadelfiya tajribasi (1984). U yozish vazifalarini bajarishdan ehtiyot bo'lib, boshqalarga buni bajarishni ma'qul ko'rdi.^[8] Karpenter rejissyor etib tasdiqlangach, bir nechta yozuvchilardan ssenariy so'rashdi Narsalar, shu jumladan Richard Matheson, Nayjel Kneal va Derik Washburn.^[2]

Bill Lancaster dastlab 1977 yilda Turman, Foster va Koen bilan uchrashgan, ammo u ularga yaqindan takrorlashni xohlagandek taassurot qoldirgan. Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsava u filmni qayta yaratishni xohlamadi.^[16] 1979 yil avgustda Lankaster bilan yana bog'lanishdi. Bu vaqtga kelib u asl nusxasini o'qidi U erga kim boradi? novella va Carpenter loyihada ishtirok etdi.^[16] Lancaster filmga bo'lgan qarashini tasvirlab bergandan so'ng, ssenariyni yozish uchun yollangan va asl voqeaga mahkam yopishish niyatida, Lankasterning ishiga muxlis bo'lgan Karpenterga. Yomon yangiliklar (1976).^[8][16][15] Lankaster filmdagi bir nechta muhim sahnalarni o'ylab topdi, shu jumladan Norris-Thing doktor Misni tishlab olgani va qonni tekshirib ko'rgan narsa, Karpenter filmda ishlashni istaganligi sababini keltirdi.^[8] Lankaster tarjima qilishda biroz qiyinchilikka duch kelganini aytdi U erga kim boradi? suratga olish, chunki unda juda kam harakat mavjud. Shuningdek, u voqeada ba'zi bir muhim o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirdi, masalan, personajlar sonini 37 dan 12 gacha qisqartirish. Lankasterning ta'kidlashicha, bu 37 haddan tashqari haddan tashqari baland va tomoshabinlar kuzatishi qiyin bo'ladi, xarakterlash uchun ekran vaqti kam bo'ladi. Shuningdek, u hikoyaning tuzilishini o'zgartirishni tanladi, ochilishini tanladi harakatning o'rtasida, o'rniga a orqaga qaytish romandagi kabi.^[16] Bir nechta belgilar zamonaviy tomoshabinlar uchun zamonaviylashtirildi; MacReady, dastlab meteorolog bo'lib, ssenariyda "35. Vertolyot uchuvchisi. Shaxmatni yaxshi ko'radi. Sovuqdan nafratlanadi. Maoshi yaxshi" deb ta'riflangan qattiq yolg'izga aylandi. Lankaster ansambl asarini yaratishni maqsad qilgan, u erda bitta odam qahramon bo'lib chiqqan, o'rniga a Doc Savage - boshidanoq qahramon.^[17]

Lankaster taxminan 30-40 sahifa yozgan, ammo oxir-oqibat filmning ikkinchi qismini yozishda qiynalgan va ssenariyni bajarish uchun unga bir necha oy kerak bo'lgan.^[8][16] Bu ish tugagandan so'ng, Lankaster va Carpenter bir hafta oxiri Kaliforniyaning shimolida ssenariyni takomillashtirdilar, ularning har biri xarakterning qanday ovoz berishini har xil qabul qildi va sahnalar uchun o'z g'oyalarini taqqosladi. Lankasterning ssenariysi jonzotni butun film davomida yashirishni afzal ko'rdi va aynan Bottin Carpenterni tomoshabinlarga ko'proq ta'sir o'tkazish uchun uni ko'proq ko'rinadigan qilishga ishontirdi.^[8][18] Lankasterning asl tugashi MacReady va Childs-ga aylandi. Bahorda belgilar vertolyotda qutqariladi, qutqaruvchilarini "Hey, qaynoq ovqat qayerga boradi?" Carpenter bu nihoyatda sayoz deb o'ylardi. Hammasi bo'lib, Lankaster ssenariyning to'rtta loyihasini yakunladi.^[17] Novella odamlarning aniq g'alabasi bilan yakunlanadi, ammo materik tomon uchayotgan qushlarni Thing yuqtirgan bo'lishi mumkin degan xavotirda. Carpenter insoniyatni yuqtirishdan qutqarish uchun filmni tirik qolganlar asta-sekin muzlab o'lishi bilan tugatishni ma'qul ko'rdi va bu nihoyatda qahramonlik harakati deb hisobladi.^[8][17] Lancaster bu tugashni yozdi, bu esa a Alacakaranlık zonasi - uslubni burish yoki yirtqich hayvonni yo'q qilish, chunki u buning o'rniga juftlik o'rtasida ishonchsizlik, ishonchsizlik, qo'rquv va yengillik o'rtasida noaniq bir lahzani o'tkazmoqchi edi.^[19]

Kasting

Kurt Rassel (chap) va Keyt Devid 2015 yilda

Kurt Rassel Kastingdan oldin ishlab chiqarishda qatnashgan va Carpenterga o'z g'oyalarini rivojlantirishga yordam bergan.^[20] Rassel 1981 yil iyun oyida ushbu aktyor rolini o'ynagan so'nggi aktyor edi ikkinchi birlik filmni suratga olish ishlari boshlandi Juneau, Alyaska.^[20][21] Carpenter bundan oldin Rassell bilan ikki marta ishlagan, ammo o'z imkoniyatlarini ochiq saqlamoqchi edi. Aktyorlardan foydalangan holda studiya bilan munozaralar Kristofer Uolken, Jeff Bridges, yoki Nik Nolte, kim mavjud emas yoki rad etilgan va Sem Shepard, qiziqish ko'rsatgan, ammo hech qachon ta'qib qilinmagan. Tom Atkins va Jek Tompson MacReady roli uchun erta va kech kuchli da'vogarlar edi, ammo qaror Rassel bilan ketishga qaror qilindi.^[21] Qisman, Karpenter ilgari ishonchli topgan va qiyin suratga olish sharoitida jim turmaydigan kishini tanlashning amaliyligini aytib o'tdi.^[22] Bu rol uchun sochlari va soqollarini o'stirish uchun Rassellga bir yil vaqt kerak bo'ldi.^[23] Turli nuqtalarda ishlab chiqaruvchilar uchrashdilar Brayan Dennehy, Kris Kristofferson, Jon Xerd, Ed Xarris, Tom Berenger, Jek Tompson, Scott Glenn, Fred Uord, Piter Koyote, Tom Atkins va Tim MakIntir. Ba'zilar monster filmida suratga tushish g'oyasini berishdi, Dennehy esa Misni o'ynash uchun tanlovga aylandi.^[21] Har bir aktyorga 50 ming dollar to'lash kerak edi, ammo ancha taniqli Rasselga qo'shilgandan so'ng uning maoshi 400 ming dollarga ko'tarildi.^[11]

Jefri Xolder, Carl Weathers va Berni Keysi Childs roli uchun ko'rib chiqilgan va Carpenter ham unga qaragan Ishoq Xeyz, u bilan birga ishlagan Nyu-Yorkdan qochish. Erni Xadson birinchi o'rinda turar edi va ular uchrashguncha deyarli tashlab ketishdi Keyt Devid.^[24] Narsalar Dovudning birinchi muhim roli edi va teatr muhitidan kelib chiqqan holda, u o'zini tutib turishni o'rganishi kerak edi va uning fe'l-atvori his qilgan har qanday hissiyotni ko'rsatmaslik kerak. Richard Masur va Donald Moffat jumladan. Masur va Devid o'zlarining belgilarini mashqlarda muhokama qilishdi va ular bir-birini yoqtirmaslikka qaror qilishdi.^[25] Bler uchun jamoa o'sha paytda noma'lum bo'lgan odamni tanladi Uilford Brimli, ular xohlaganidek har kim uning yo'qligi tegishli vaqtgacha tomoshabinlar tomonidan so'roq qilinmaydi. Qahramonning maqsadi uni filmning boshida yuqtirish edi, ammo tashqi ekran, shuning uchun uning maqomi tinglovchilarga noma'lum bo'lib, uning niyatlarini yashiradi. Duradgor aktyorlik qilmoqchi edi Donald Pleasence, lekin u rolni bajarishga qodir emasligi sababli u juda taniqli ekanligi haqida qaror qabul qilindi.^[26] T. K. Karter Nauls rolini ijro etgan, ammo komik Franklin Ajay rol uchun o'qish uchun ham kirib keldi. Buning o'rniga u xarakterning stereotip ekanligi haqida uzoq nutq so'zladi, shundan so'ng uchrashuv tugadi.^[27]

Aktyor Uilford Brimli 2012 yilda. U tomoshabinlarga uning kerakli paytgacha uning hikoyada yo'qligini sezmasliklariga imkon beradigan har bir kishi uchun tanlangan.^[26]

Bottin Palmerni o'ynash uchun qattiq lobbichilik qildi, ammo uning vazifalari bilan bir qatorda buni amalga oshirish imkonsiz deb topildi. Belgida bir nechta kulgili daqiqalar bo'lganligi sababli, Universal komediyachilarni jalb qildi Jey Leno, Garri Shandling va Charlz Fleycher boshqalar qatorida, lekin aktyor bilan borishni afzal ko'rdi Devid Klennon, dramatik elementlarni o'ynashga kim ko'proq mos edi.^[28] Klennon Bennings personaji uchun o'qigan edi, ammo u "oq yoqali ilmli odam" dan ko'ra Palmerning "ko'k yoqali tosh" rolini o'ynashni afzal ko'rdi.^[25] Kuchlarni kuchaytiradi,^[2] Li Van Klif, Jerri Orbax va Kevin Konvey Garri roli uchun ko'rib chiqilgan va Richard Mulligan shuningdek, ishlab chiqarish xarakterini yoshida MacReady-ga yaqinroq qilish g'oyasi bilan tajriba o'tkazilganda ham ko'rib chiqildi.^[29] Masur Garri uchun ham o'qigan, ammo u Klarkni o'ynashni iltimos qildi, chunki u personajning suhbati yoqdi va itlarga ham muxlis edi. Masur har kuni bo'ri Jed va uning ishchisi Klint Rou mashq paytida, Rou Jedni odamlarning tovushlari va hidlari bilan tanishtirayotganda. Bu Masur va Jedning ishlashiga yordam berdi, chunki it uning dastagini qidirmasdan uning yonida turardi. Masur o'zining fe'l-atvorini odamlarga qiziqmaydigan, ammo itlar bilan ishlashni yaxshi ko'radigan odam sifatida tasvirlagan. U omon qolganlar do'koniga borib, uning fe'l-atvori uchun qopqoq pichog'ini sotib oldi va Dovudning fe'l-atvori bilan to'qnashuvda ishlatdi.^[25] Masur rollardan bosh tortdi E.T. erdan tashqari Klarkni o'ynash.^[30] Uilyam Daniels va Dennehy ikkalasi ham doktor Misni o'ynashga qiziqishgan va bu Carpenterning ketishga qaror qilgan so'nggi ikkinchi qarori edi Richard Disart.^[29]

Dastlabki qoralamalarda Windows Sanches, keyinchalik Sanders deb nomlandi. Windows nomi roli uchun aktyor bo'lganida paydo bo'ldi, Tomas Uayts, kostyum kiygan edi va qahramon filmda kiyib olgan katta qora ko'zoynak taqishga harakat qildi.^[31] Norbert Vayser Norvegiyaliklardan birini tasvirlaydi,^[32] va Jed it-Thing sifatida ishonchsiz ko'rinadi.^[33] Filmdagi yagona ayol ishtiroki - bu Carpenterning o'sha paytdagi rafiqasi tomonidan aytilgan MacReady shaxmat kompyuterining ovozi Adrien Barbeo.^[2][12] Rassel erkaklar haqidagi hikoyani qiziqarli deb ta'rifladi, chunki erkaklar ayolsiz turish uchun hech kimga ega emas edilar.^[20] Foster, Franko va Lancaster, ekipajning boshqa a'zolari bilan birgalikda a kameo ko'rinishi Norvegiya jamoasining tiklangan fotosuratida.^[34] Kamera operatori Rey Stella ignalarni qon olish uchun ishlatilgan kadrlarni ushlab turish uchun Karpenterga kun bo'yi buni qila olishini aytdi. Shuningdek, Franko norvegiyalikni miltiq ko'tarib, vertolyotda osilgan holda o'ynagan.^[23][32] Anita Dann kasting direktori sifatida ishlagan.^[25]

Suratga olish

Narsalar tomonidan keng suratga olingan Mayk Ploog va Mentor Huebner suratga olish boshlanishidan oldin. Ularning ishi shunchalik batafsil ediki, filmning ko'plab kadrlari tasvir maketini to'liq takrorlaydi.^[35] Kundey uni ishlatishga undadi anamorfik format tomonlarning nisbati, bu bir nechta aktyorlarni atrof-muhitga joylashtirishga imkon berganiga ishonish va tabiiy vistalardan foydalanish, shu bilan birga tasvir ichida qamoq tuyg'usini yaratish. Bundan tashqari, dan foydalanishga imkon berdi salbiy bo'shliq aktyorlar atrofida biron bir narsani nazarda tutish faqat ekrandan tashqarida yashiringan bo'lishi mumkin.^[23]

Asosiy fotosurat 1981 yil avgustda boshlangan Juneau, Alyaska.

Asosiy fotosurat 1981 yil 24 avgustda, Alyaskaning Juneau shahrida boshlangan.^[12][36] Suratga olish ishlari taxminan 12 hafta davom etdi.^[37] Karpenter filmni suratga olishdan oldin ikki haftalik takroriy mashg'ulotlarda turib oldi, chunki u sahnalar qanday o'tishini ko'rishni istadi. O'sha paytda bu odatiy bo'lmagan, chunki sarflangan xarajatlar.^[19] Keyin suratga olish ishlari Umumjahon lot, tashqi issiqlik 100 ° F (38 ° C) dan yuqori bo'lgan joyda. Ichki to'plamlar ularning ishlarini engillashtirish uchun 28 ° F (-2 ° C) gacha bo'lgan haroratni nazorat qildilar.^[20][36] Jamoa to'plamlarni mavjud sovutgichli inshoot ichida qurishni o'ylab topdi, ammo etarlicha kattasini topa olmadi. Buning o'rniga ular iloji boricha ko'chma konditsionerlarni yig'ishdi, sahnani yopib qo'yishdi namlagichlar va janoblar havoga namlik qo'shish uchun.^[38] Bugungi kunga qadar taxminan yig'ilgan suratga olish filmlarini tomosha qilgandan so'ng, Karpenter filmda atrofda turgan erkaklar sahnalari juda ko'p bo'lganidan norozi edi. U asosiy suratga olish joyida suratga olish uchun ochiq joylarda bo'lish uchun allaqachon tugallangan ba'zi sahnalarni qayta yozdi Styuart, Britaniya Kolumbiyasi.^[10][25]

Carpenter studiya to'plamlari o'rniga haqiqiy joylardan foydalanishga qaror qildi va uning yutuqlari davom etmoqda Halloween va Tuman (1980) unga ancha katta byudjet ishlab chiqarishni o'z zimmasiga olishga ishonch bag'ishladi Narsalar. Kinoplyuktor Kanadaning qirg'og'i bo'ylab Styuartdan tashqarida joylashgan bo'lib, bu loyihaga kun davomida kirish uchun qulaylik va chiroyli qiymatni taqdim etdi.^[10] 1981 yil 2 dekabrda taxminan 100 nafar amerikalik va kanadalik ekipaj a'zolari suratga olishni boshlash uchun ushbu hududga ko'chib o'tdilar.^[37] U erga sayohat paytida ekipaj avtobusi qor bilan yo'lning himoyalanmagan chetiga qarab sirg'alib o'tib, uni deyarli 150 metrlik to'siqdan pastga tushirib yubordi.^[30] Ekipajning bir qismi filmni suratga olish paytida kichik konchilar shaharchasida qoldi, boshqalari esa barjalarda yashashdi Portlend kanali.^[25] Ular 27 mil (43 km) masofani bosib o'tib, tashqi post postlari qurilgan Alyaskadagi suratga olish joyiga burilishdi.^[20][25][39]

To'plamlar yozda Alyaskada muzliga qaragan toshloq maydonning tepasida, qor yog'ishiga va ularni qoplashga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun qurilgan edi.^[10] Ular ichki va tashqi tasvirga olish uchun ishlatilgan, ya'ni tomda har doim qor yog'ishini ta'minlash uchun ularni muzlashdan qizdirib bo'lmaydi. Tashqarida harorat shu qadar past ediki, kameraning linzalari qotib qoladi va sinadi.^[20] Ekipaj kameralarni sovuqda qoldirishi kerak edi, chunki ularni iliqlikda saqlash tumanli linzalarni tozalash uchun bir necha soat davom etdi.^[36] Ob-havoga juda bog'liq bo'lgan suratga olish jarayoni uch hafta davom etdi,^[38] kuchli qor bilan ba'zi kunlarda filmni suratga olishning iloji yo'q.^[25] Filmning so'nggi qismidagi to'plamni yo'q qilish uchun zarur bo'lgan portlovchi moddalarni buzish uchun sakkiz soat vaqt ketdi.^[40]

Keyt Devid otishni boshlashdan bir kun oldin avtohalokatda qo'lini sindirdi. Ertasi kuni Devid filmni suratga olishda qatnashdi, ammo Karpenter va Franko uning shishgan qo'lini ko'rgach, uni kasalxonaga yuborishdi, u erda ikkita pin bilan teshilgan. U o'zining terisiga o'xshab bo'yalgan qora qo'lqop ostida jarrohlik qo'lqop kiyib qaytib keldi. Uning chap qo'li filmning birinchi yarmida ko'rinmaydi.^[25] Carpenter, Norvegiya lageridagi sahnalarni so'nggi sahnalardan so'ng, vayron bo'lgan Norvegiya lageri uchun buzilgan Amerika bazasidan foydalangan holda suratga oldi.^[41] Bazaning portlovchi halokati kamera yordamchilaridan masofadan turib yoqilgan portlovchi moddalar bilan birga to'plam ichida turishni talab qildi. Keyin yordamchilar xavfsiz masofaga yugurishlari kerak edi, etti kameralar esa bazaning yo'q qilinishini tasvirga oldi.^[40] Og'ir foydalanish paytida suratga olingan maxsus effektlar kamdan-kam uchraydigan edi, aktyorlar Carpenter ularga o'zlarining belgilariga qarab turgan narsalarni tasvirlab berishlariga moslashishlari kerak edi, chunki effektlar post-prodyusergacha qo'shilmaydi. Sahnada sodir bo'layotgan voqealar taassurotini yaratish uchun ba'zi qo'g'irchoqlar ishlatilgan, ammo boshqa holatlarda aktyorlar devorga yoki rasm bilan belgilangan narsaga qarashadi X.^[20]

Badiiy rahbar Jon J. Lloyd barcha to'plamlarning dizayni va qurilishini nazorat qildi, chunki filmda mavjud bo'lgan joylar bo'lmagan.^[38] Kundey, bo'shliqlarni yanada klostrofobik ko'rinishga olib kelish uchun to'plamlarda shiftga va trubkalarga kamerada ko'rish kerakligini tavsiya qildi.^[38]

Post-ishlab chiqarish

Ssenariyda bir nechta sahnalar filmdan chiqarib tashlangan, chunki ba'zan tezlikni pasaytiradigan va sustkashlikka putur etkazadigan juda ko'p dialoglar bo'lgan. Karpenter ba'zi masalalarni o'zining rejissyorlik uslubida aybladi va bir nechta sahnalar voqealar yoki ma'lumotlarni takrorlab turgandek tuyuldi. Itlarni ta'qib qilayotgan qor mototsiklini ta'qib qilgan yana bir sahna suratga olish uchun juda qimmatga tushganligi sababli tortishish ssenariysidan olib tashlandi. Filmda mavjud bo'lgan, ammo stsenariyda bo'lmagan bir sahnada MacReady monologi mavjud. Karpenter buni qisman hikoyada sodir bo'layotgan voqealarni aniqlash uchun qo'shdi va chunki u lagerni egallab olganidan keyin Rassellning qahramonlik xarakterini ta'kidlamoqchi edi. Karpenterning aytishicha, Lankasterning ansambl asarlarini yozish tajribasi bitta belgini ta'kidlamagan. Beri Halloween, bir nechta dahshatli filmlar ushbu filmning ko'plab qo'rqinchli elementlarini takrorlagan edi, Carpenter undan uzoqlashmoqchi bo'lgan narsadan Narsalar. U Lankaster ssenariysida suratga olingan sahnalarni, masalan, Norvegiya lagerida kutilmaganda tanaga tushib qolgan va o'zini juda yopishqoq deb hisoblagan sahnalarni olib tashladi.^[8] Lancaster ssenariysidan taxminan uch daqiqali sahnalar suratga olingan, ular qahramonlarning kelib chiqishi haqida batafsil ma'lumot bergan.^[25]

MacReady-ning ko'rinmas ravishda a portlovchi qo'g'irchoq tomosha paytida Norvegiya lentalari suratga olingan, ammo tayyor filmda ishlatilmagan. Keyinchalik qo'g'irchoq a shaklida paydo bo'ladi sakrash qo'rqitish Nauls bilan. Boshqa sahnalarda turli xil belgilar uchun kengaytirilgan yoki muqobil o'limlar mavjud. Tayyor filmda Fuksning kuydirilgan suyaklari topilgan, u ekrandan tashqarida vafot etgani aniqlangan, ammo navbatdagi tanlov uning murdasini belkurak bilan devorga mixlanganini ko'radi. Nollar finalda qisman assimilyatsiya qilingan tentaklarning massasi sifatida paydo bo'lishi uchun yozilgan edi, ammo filmda u shunchaki yo'qoladi.^[42] Karpenter tomoshabinlarga maxluqot tomonidan assimilyatsiya nimani anglatishini etkazish usuli bilan kurashdi. Lancasterning Bennings o'limining dastlabki to'plami uni assimilyatsiya qilishning turli bosqichlarida turli sohalarda tiklanishdan oldin, uni Shingal tomonidan muz qatlami ostiga tortib qo'ygan. Ushbu sahnada universal gidravlika, itlar va otashin otashinlari bo'lgan Universalning eng katta bosqichlaridan birida komplekt qurilishi kerak edi, ammo uni ishlab chiqarish juda qimmatga tushdi.^[43] Bennings noma'lum tajovuzkor tomonidan o'ldirilishi bilan sahna tasvirga olingan, ammo uning o'limiga olib boradigan assimilyatsiya etarli darajada tushuntirilmaganligi sezilib turardi. Qisqa vaqt ichida va ichki to'plamlar qolmagan holda, Maloney bilan qoplangan kichik to'plam qurildi K-Y Jelly, to'q sariq rang va kauchuk tentaklar. Boshqa jonzot uchun monster qo'lqoplari qisman assimilyatsiyani namoyish etish uchun qayta jihozlangan.^[42][43]

Duradgor bir nechta sonlarni suratga oldi Narsalar"baxtli" tugatish bilan birga muharrir Todd Ramsay xira deb o'ylaganligi sababli, nigilistik xulosa tomoshabinlar uchun yaxshi sinov bo'lmaydi. Muqobil qabul qilishda MacReady qutqariladi va unga virus yuqmaganligini tasdiqlovchi qon tekshiruvi beriladi.^[41][44] Karpenterning aytishicha, bu uslub "pishloqli" bo'lar edi.^[8] Muharrir Verna maydonlari aniqlik va piksellar sonini qo'shish uchun oxirini qayta ishlashga topshirildi. Oxir-oqibat butunlay yangi sahnani yaratishga qaror qilindi, u Makedreyni yolg'iz qoldirib, Childsni butunlay yo'q qilish orqali unga yuqtirgan degan gumonni qoldirdi.^[8] Ushbu yangi yakun tomoshabinlar orasida asl nusxadan bir oz yaxshiroq sinovdan o'tdi va prodyuserlar guruhi studiyaning undan foydalanishni talabiga rozi bo'ldi.^[45][46] Prodyuserlar, Karpenter va ijrochi Xelena Xaker filmni umuman yo'qligi o'rniga noaniqlik bilan qoldirgan degan qarorga kelganida, teatrlar uchun nashrga borishga qaror qilingan edi. Karpenter noaniq tugashni tiklash uchun o'z roziligini berdi, ammo forstning portlashi bilan hayvonlar o'limiga sabab bo'lgan qichqiriq paydo bo'ldi.^[8][45] Umumjahon ijro etuvchi Sidni Sheynberg oxirning nigilizmini yoqtirmadi va Carpenterning so'zlariga ko'ra: "Agar [Thing] ulkan orkestr o'ynab o'lganini ko'rsak, tomoshabinlar qanday munosabatda bo'lishini o'ylab ko'ring" dedi.^[8][46] Keyinchalik Karpenter ta'kidlashicha, original va Childssiz tugatish ham tomoshabinlar tomonidan yomon sinovdan o'tgan va bu film shunchaki qahramonlik emas deb talqin qilgan.^[8]

Musiqa

	Asosiy mavzu Narsalar Ennio Morrikone Jon Karpenterning o'ziga xos sintezlangan musiqa uslubini takrorlaydigan ovoz yaratdi. Parcha bo'ylab ishlatiladi Narsalar.
Ushbu faylni o'ynatishda muammo bormi? Qarang ommaviy axborot vositalarida yordam.

Ennio Morrikone Karpenter xohlaganidek filmning skorini tuzdi Narsalar Evropa musiqiy yondashuviga ega bo'lish.^[47][48] Duradgor Rimga Morrikone bilan gaplashish uchun uni ishga kirishga ishontirish uchun uchib ketdi. Morrikone hisobni yozib olish uchun Los-Anjelesga uchib ketganda, u allaqachon Carpenter qaysi turdagi balni xohlashini bilmasligidan sintezator musiqasi to'plami bilan to'ldirilgan lentani ishlab chiqqan edi.^[49] Morrikone to'liq alohida orkestr va sintezator partiyalarini va birlashtirilgan ballarni yozgan, bu esa u duradgorning afzalligi deb bilgan.^[50] Duradgor o'z ballariga o'xshash bir parcha tanladi, bu film davomida ishlatilgan asosiy mavzuga aylandi.^[49] U shuningdek hisobni o'ynadi Nyu-Yorkdan qochish misol sifatida Morricone uchun. Morrikone yana bir necha bor urinib ko'rdi va hisobni Karpenterning o'ziga xos musiqa uslubiga yaqinlashtirdi.^[47] Umuman olganda, Morrikone taxminan bir soatlik natijani qo'lga kiritdi, ammo u deyarli ishlatilmay qoldi, ammo keyinchalik filmning soundtrack qismi sifatida chiqdi.^[51] Duradgor va uning uzoq yillik hamkori Alan Xovart filmda ishlatiladigan ba'zi bir sintez uslubidagi qismlarni alohida ishlab chiqdi.^[52] 2012 yilda Morrikone esladi:

Men filmni tahrirlash uchun yordamchisi bilan bir nechta elektron musiqani tayyorlayotganda [Duradgordan] so'radim: "Agar o'zingiz qilishni xohlasangiz, nega menga qo'ng'iroq qildingiz?" U meni hayratda qoldirdi, - dedi u - "Men sizning musiqangizga uylandim. Shuning uchun sizni chaqirdim". ... Keyin u menga filmni namoyish qilganida, keyinchalik musiqani yozganimda, biz o'zaro fikr almashmadik. U menga ko'rsatganidan deyarli uyalib qochdi. Uning maslahatisiz musiqani o'zim yozganman. Tabiiyki, men 1982 yildan beri juda zukko bo'lganim sababli, hayotimga oid bir nechta fikrlar yozdim. Va men elektron musiqa bo'lgan birini yozgan edim. Va [Carpenter] elektron ball oldi.^[47]

Duradgor dedi:

[Morricone] barcha orkestrlarni amalga oshirdi va men uchun xohlagan joyimdan foydalanishim mumkin bo'lgan 20 daqiqalik musiqani yozib oldi, ammo hech qanday kadrlarni ko'rmasdan. Men uning musiqasini filmga qo'shib qo'ydim va u erda musiqa ishlamaydigan joylar, asosan taranglik sahnalari borligini yashirincha tushunib etdim ... Men yashirincha qochib ketdim va bir necha kun ichida foydalanish uchun bir nechta asarlarni yozib oldim. Mening buyumlarim juda oddiy elektron buyumlar edi - bu deyarli ohanglar edi. Bu chindan ham musiqa emas, shunchaki orqa fon tovushlari edi, bugun siz buni ovoz effektlari deb hisoblashingiz mumkin.^[47]

Dizayn

Maxluqlarning ta'siri

Narsalar'Maxsus effektlar asosan Bottin tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan,^[18] ilgari Carpenter bilan ishlagan Tuman (1980).^[53] 1981 yil o'rtalarida Bottin loyihaga qo'shilganida, oldindan ishlab chiqarish davom etayotgan edi, ammo chet ellik uchun hech qanday dizayn o'rnatilmagan edi.^[53] Rassom Deyl Kuypers bu jonzotning tashqi ko'rinishini dastlabki suratlarini yaratgan, ammo u Bottin bilan birgalikda ishlashini boshlashdan oldin yo'l-transport hodisasi natijasida kasalxonaga yotqizilganidan keyin loyihani tark etgan.^[12][53] Carpenter bu narsani bitta jonzot sifatida tasavvur qildi, ammo Bottin doimiy ravishda o'zgarib turishi va har qanday narsaga o'xshab turishi kerak, deb taklif qildi.^[14] Dastlab Karpenter Bottinning o'z g'oyalarini ta'riflashini "juda g'alati" deb hisoblagan va uning o'rniga Ploog bilan birgalikda ularni eskizlarini tuzishda majbur qilgan.^[53] Thing dizaynining bir qismi sifatida, u bilan assimilyatsiya qilingan har bir kishi mukammal taqlid qilishiga va ularning narsalarini bilmasligiga kelishib olindi.^[23] Aktyorlar mashg'ulotlar davomida bir necha soat davomida o'zlarini qabul qilib olganda o'zlarining narsalari ekanligini bilishlarini muhokama qilishdi. Klennonning aytishicha, buning ahamiyati yo'q, chunki hamma o'zlarini egallab olishdan oldin harakat qilishgan, qarashgan va hidi bir xil bo'lgan.^[25] Bottinning eng yuqori cho'qqisida 35 kishilik rassomlar va texniklardan iborat ekipaj bor edi va u juda ko'p odamlar bilan ishlashga qiynaldi. Jamoani boshqarishda yordam berish uchun u o'zi bilan ishlagan maxsus effektlar ishlab chiqaruvchisi Erik Jensenni yolladi Uvillash (1981), maxsus makiyaj effektlari bo'limi uchun mas'ul.^[54] Bottinning ekipaji tarkibiga mexanik aspektlar bo'yicha nazoratchi Deyv Kelsi, bo'yanish tomonlari bo'yicha koordinator Ken Diaz, mog'or ishlab chiqaruvchi Gunnar Ferdinansen va Bottinning rasm va soch ishlarini boshqargan azaliy do'sti Margaret Beserra.^[54]

O'zlashtiruvchi itlar. Sten Uinston effektni to'ldirishga yordam berish uchun keltirildi. It was operated on a raised set with puppeteers working below.

In designing the Thing's different forms, Bottin explained that the creature had been all over the galaxy. This allowed it to call on different attributes as necessary, such as stomachs that transform into giant mouths and spider legs sprouting from heads.^[18] Bottin said the pressure he experienced caused him to dream about working on designs, some of which he would take note of after waking.^[53] One abandoned idea included a series of dead baby monsters, which was deemed "too gross".^[12] Bottin admitted he had no idea how his designs would be implemented practically, but Carpenter did not reject them. Carpenter said, "what I didn't want to end up with in this movie was a guy in a suit ... I grew up as a kid watching science-fiction monster movies, and it was always a guy in a suit."^[44] According to Cundey, Bottin was very sensitive about his designs, and worried about the film showing too many of them.^[41] At one point, as a preemptive move against any censorship, Bottin suggested making the creature's violent transformations and the appearance of the internal organs more fantastical using colors. The decision was made to tone down the color of the blood and viscera, although much of the filming had been completed by that point.^[14] The creature effects used a variety of materials including mayonnaise, creamed corn, microwaved bubble gum, and K-Y Jelly.^[9]

During filming, then-21-year-old Bottin was hospitalized for exhaustion, er-xotin pnevmoniya, and a bleeding ulcer, caused by his extensive workload. Bottin himself explained he would "hoard the work", opting to be directly involved in many of the complicated tasks.^[55] His dedication to the project saw him spend over a year living on the Universal lot. Bottin said he did not take a day off during that time, and slept on the sets or in locker rooms.^[12] To take some pressure off his crew, Bottin enlisted the aid of special effects creator Sten Uinston to complete some of the designs, primarily the Dog-Thing.^[41][54] With insufficient time to create a sophisticated mechanical creature, Winston opted to create a qo'g'irchoq. A cast was made of makeup artist Lance Anderson 's arm and head, around which the Dog-Thing was sculpted in oil-based clay. The final foam-latex puppet, worn by Anderson, featured radio-controlled eyes and cable-controlled legs,^[56] and was operated from below a raised set on which the kennel was built.^[56][10] Slime from the puppet would leak onto Anderson during the two days it took to film the scene, and he had to wear a helmet to protect himself from the portlovchi kaltaklar simulating gunfire. Anderson pulled the tentacles into the Dog-Thing and teskari harakat was used to create the effect of them slithering from its body.^[56] Winston refused to be credited for his work, insisting that Bottin deserved sole credit; Winston was given a "thank you" in the credits instead.^[41][54]

The Norris-Thing. False arms were attached to a double amputee, allowing them to be "bitten off" by the chest mouth.

In the "chest chomp" scene, Dr. Copper attempts to revive Norris with a defibrillator. Revealing himself as the Thing, Norris-Thing's chest transforms into a large mouth that severs Copper's arms. Bottin accomplished this scene by recruiting a double amputee and fitting him with prosthetic arms filled with wax bones, rubber veins and Jell-O. The arms were then placed into the practical "stomach mouth" where the mechanical jaws clamped down on them, at which point the actor pulled away, severing the false arms.^[41] The effect of the Norris-Thing's head detaching from the body to save itself took many months of testing before Bottin was satisfied enough to film it. The scene involved a fire effect, but the crew were unaware that fumes from the rubber foam chemicals inside the puppet were flammable. The fire ignited the fumes, creating a large fireball that engulfed the puppet. It suffered only minimal damage after the fire had been put out, and the crew successfully filmed the scene.^[30][57] To'xtash harakati mutaxassis Rendall Uilyam Kuk developed a sequence for the end of the film where MacReady is confronted by the gigantic Blair-Thing. Cook created a miniature model of the set and filmed wide-angle shots of the monster in stop motion, but Carpenter was not convinced by the effect and used only a few seconds of it.^[41] It took 50 people to operate the actual Blair-Thing puppet.^[23]

The production intended to use a camera centrifuge—a rotating drum with a fixed camera platform—for the Palmer-Thing scene, allowing him to seem to run straight up the wall and across the ceiling. Again, the cost was too high and the idea abandoned for a stuntman falling into frame onto a floor made to look like the outpost's ceiling.^[58] Stuntman Anthony Cecere stood in for the Palmer-Thing after MacReady sets it on fire and it crashes through the outpost wall.^[59]

Visuals and lighting

Cundey worked with Bottin to determine the appropriate lighting for each creature. He wanted to show off Bottin's work because of its detailing, but he was conscious that showing too much would reveal its artificial nature, breaking the illusion. Each encounter with the creature was planned for areas where they could justify using a series of small lights to highlight the particular creature-model's surface and textures. Cundey would illuminate the area behind the creature to detail its overall shape. U bilan ishlagan Panasonic and a few other companies to develop a camera capable of automatically adjusting light exposure at different film speeds. He wanted to try filming the creature at fast and slow speeds thinking this would create a more interesting visual effect, but they were unable to accomplish this at the time. For the rest of the set, Cundey created a contrast by lighting the interiors with warmer lights hung overhead in conical shades so that they could still control the lighting and have darkened areas on set. The outside was constantly bathed in a cold, blue light that Cundey had discovered being used on airport runways. The reflective surface of the snow and the blue light helped create the impression of coldness.^[10] The team also made use of the flamethrowers and magenta-hued flares used by the actors to create dynamic lighting.^[10]

The team originally wanted to shoot the film in qora va oq, but Universal was reluctant as it could affect their ability to sell the television rights for the film. Instead, Cundey suggested muting the colors as much as possible. The inside of the sets was painted in neutral colors such as gray, and many of the props were also painted gray, while the costumes were a mix of somber browns, blues, and grays. They relied on the lighting to add color.^[38] Albert Uitlok taqdim etilgan mot -painted backdrops, including the scene in which the Americans discover the giant alien spaceship buried in the ice.^[10] A scene where MacReady walks up to a hole in the ice where the alien had been buried was filmed at Universal, while the surrounding area including the alien spaceship, helicopter, and snow were all painted.^[23]

Carpenter's friend John Wash, who developed the opening computer simulation for Nyu-Yorkdan qochish, designed the computer program showing how the Thing assimilates other organisms.^[23] Model maker Susan Turner built the alien ship approaching Earth in the pre-credits sequence, which featured 144 strobing lights.^[60] Drew Struzan designed the film's poster. He completed it in 24 hours, based only on a briefing, knowing little about the film.^[61]

Chiqarish

A special opening premiere of Narsalar da bo'lib o'tdi Gollivud Tinch okean teatri, mezbonlik qilgan Elvira, Zulmatning metressi.

The lack of information about the film's special effects drew the attention of film exhibitors in early 1982. They wanted reassurance that Narsalar was a first-rate production capable of attracting audiences. Cohen and Foster, with a specially employed editor and Universal's archive of music, put together a 20-minute shoreel emphasizing action and suspense. They used available footage, including alternate and extended scenes not in the finished film, but avoided revealing the special effects as much as possible. The reaction from the exclusively male exhibitors was generally positive, and Universal executive Robert Rehme told Cohen that the studio was counting on Narsalar's success, as they expected E.T. erdan tashqari to appeal only to children.^[62] While finalizing the film, Universal sent Carpenter a demographic study showing that the audience appeal of horror films had declined by 70% over the previous six months. Carpenter considered this a suggestion that he lower his expectations of the film's performance.^[14] After one market research screening, Carpenter queried the audience on their thoughts, and one audience member asked, "Well what happened in the very end? Which one was the Thing...?" When Carpenter responded that it was up to their imagination, the audience member responded, "Oh, God. I hate that."^[8]

After returning from a screening of E.T. erdan tashqari, the audience's silence at a Narsalar trailer caused Foster to remark, "We're dead".^[63] The response to public pre-screenings of Narsalar resulted in the studio changing the somber, black-and-white advertising approved by the producers to a color image of a person with a glowing face. The tagline was also changed from "Man is the warmest place to hide"—written by Stephen Frankfort, who wrote the Chet ellik tagline, "In space, no one can hear you scream"—to "The ultimate in alien terror", trying to capitalize on Chet ellik'tomoshabinlar. Carpenter attempted to make a last-minute change of the film's title to U erga kim boradi?, foydasi yo'q.^[63] The week before its release, Carpenter promoted the film with clips on Devid Letterman bilan kech tun.^[64] In 1981, horror magazine Fangoriya held a contest encouraging readers to submit drawings of what the Thing would look like. Winners were rewarded with a trip to Universal studiyalar.^[30] On its opening day, a special screening was held at the Gollivud Tinch okean teatri tomonidan boshqariladi Elvira, Zulmatning metressi, with free admission for those in costume as monsters.^[63]

Teatr kassasi

Narsalar was released in the United States on June 25, 1982.^[12] During its opening weekend, the film earned $3.1 million from 840 theaters—an average of $3,699 per theater—finishing as the number eight film of the weekend behind supernatural horror Poltergeist ($4.1 million), which was in its fourth weekend of release, and ahead of action film Megaforce ($2.3 million).^[65][66] It dropped out of the top 10 grossing films after three weeks.^[67] It ended its run earning a total of $19.6 million against its $15 million budget,^[44][65] making it only the 42nd highest-grossing film of 1982.^[68] Bu emas edi kassa ishlamay qoldi, nor was it a hit.^[1]

Since its release, cultural historians and critics have attempted to understand what led to Narsalar's initial failure to connect with audiences.^[69] In a 1999 interview, Carpenter said audiences rejected Narsalar for its nihilistic, depressing viewpoint at a time when the United States was in the midst of a recession.^[8] When it opened, it was competing against the critically and commercially successful E.T. erdan tashqari ($619 million), a more family-friendly film released two weeks earlier that offered a more optimistic take on alien visitation.^[23][69][70] Carpenter described it as the complete opposite of his film.^[30] Narsalar opened on the same day as the ilmiy-fantastik film Pichoq yuguruvchisi, which debuted as the number two film that weekend with a take of $6.1 million and went on to earn $33.8 million.^[66][71] It was also regarded as a critical and commercial failure at the time.^[1] Others blamed an oversaturation of science fiction and fantasy films released that year, including Konan barbar ($130 million), Poltergeist ($121.7 million), Mad Max 2 ($34.5 million), Star Trek II: Xonning g'azabi ($97 million), va Tron ($33 million). Some analysts blamed Universal's poor marketing, which did not compete with the deluge of promotion for prominent films released that summer.^[1][69]

Yana bir omil bu edi R reytingi it was given, restricting the audience to those over the age of 17 unless accompanied by an adult. Poltergeist received a PG rating, allowing families and younger children to view it.^[1]

Tanqidiy javob

The film received negative reviews on its release, and hostility for its cynical, anti-authoritarian tone and graphic special effects.^[73][74] Cinefantastique printed an issue with Narsalar on its cover asking, "Is this the most hated movie of all time?"^[1] Some reviewers were dismissive of the film, calling it the "quintessential moron movie of the 80's", "instant junk",^[32] and a "wretched excess".^[75] Starlog's Alan Spencer called it a "cold and sterile" horror movie attempting to cash in on the genre audience, against the "optimism of E.T., the reassuring return of Star Trek II, the technical perfection of Tron, and the sheer integrity of Pichoq yuguruvchisi".^[76]

The plot was criticized as "boring",^[77] and undermined by the special effects.^[78] The Los Anjeles Tayms's Linda Gross said that Narsalar was "bereft, despairing, and nihilistic", and lacking in feeling, meaning the characters' deaths did not matter.^[79] Spencer said it featured sloppy continuity, lacked pacing, and was devoid of warmth or humanity.^[76] Devid Ansen Newsweek felt the film confused the use of effects with creating suspense, and that it lacked drama by "sacrificing everything at the altar of gore".^[78] The Chikago o'quvchisi's Dave Kehr considered the dialogue to be banal and interchangeable, making the characters seem and sound alike.^[80] Washington Post's Gary Arnold said it was a witty touch to open with the Thing having already overcome the Norwegian base, defeating the type of traps seen in the 1951 version,^[75] esa Nyu York's Devid Denbi lamented that the Thing's threat is only shown externally, without focusing on what it is like for someone who thinks they have been taken over.^[77] Rojer Ebert considered the film to be scary, but offering nothing original beyond the special effects,^[81] esa The New York Times's Vinsent Kanbi said it was entertaining only if the viewer needed to see spider-legged heads and dog autopsies.^[32]

Reviews of the actors' performances were generally positive,^[82][76] while criticizing the depictions of the characters they portrayed.^[81][83][78] Ebert said they lacked characterization, offering basic stereotypes that existed just to be killed, and Spencer called the characters bland even though the actors do the best they can with the material.^[81][76] Vaqt's Richard Shikel singled Russell out as the "stalwart" hero, where other characters were not as strongly or wittily characterized,^[82] va Turli xillik said that Russell's heroic status was undercut by the "suicidal" attitude adopted toward the film's finale.^[83] Other reviews criticized implausibilities such as characters wandering off alone.^[81] Kehr did not like that the men did not band together against the Thing, and several reviews noted a lack of camaraderie and romance, which Arnold said reduced any interest beyond the special effects.^[78][75][80]

The film's special effects were simultaneously lauded and lambasted for being technically brilliant but visually repulsive and excessive.^[77][82][75] Reviews called Bottin's work "genius",^[77][76] noting the designs were novel, unforgettable, "colorfully horrific", and called him a "master of the macabre".^[82][75] Arnold said that the "chest chomp" scene demonstrated "appalling creativity" and the subsequent severed head scene was "madly macabre", comparing them to Chet ellik's chest burster and severed head scenes.^[75] Turli xillik called it "the most vividly gruesome horror film to ever stalk the screens".^[83] Conversely, Denby called them more disgusting than frightening, and lamented that the trend of horror films to open the human body more and more bordered on obscenity,^[77] Spencer said that Bottin's care and pride in his craft was shown in the effects, but both they and Schickel found them to be overwhelming and "squandered" without strong characters and story.^[82][76] Even so, Canby said that the effects were too "phony looking to be disgusting".^[32] Canby and Arnold said the creature's lack of a single, discernible shape was to its detriment, and hiding it inside humans made it hard to follow. Arnold said that the 1951 version was less versatile, but easier to keep in focus.^[75][32]

Gross and Spencer praised the film's technical achievements, particularly Cundey's "frostbitten" cinematography, the sound, editing, and Morricone's score.^[79][76] Spencer was critical of Carpenter's direction, saying it was his "futile" attempt to give the audience what he thinks they want and that Carpenter was not meant to direct science fiction, but was instead suited to direct "traffic accidents, train wrecks, and public floggings".^[76] Ansen said that "atrocity for atrocity's sake" was ill-becoming of Carpenter.^[78]

Narsalar was often compared to similar films, particularly Chet ellik, Badanni tortib oluvchilarning bosqini (1978) va Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa.^[81][77][32] Ebert and Denby said that Narsalar seemed derivative compared to those films, which had portrayed the story in a better way.^[81][77] Turli xillik called it inferior to the 1951 version.^[83] Arnold considered Narsalar as the end result of Chet ellik raising the requirement for horrific spectacle.^[75]

Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa aktyor Kennet Tobey and director Christian Nyby also criticized the film. Nyby said, "If you want blood, go to the slaughterhouse ... All in all, it's a terrific commercial for J&B Scotch ".^[30] Tobey singled out the visual effects, saying they "were so explicit that they actually destroyed how you were supposed to feel about the characters ... They became almost a movie in themselves, and were a little too horrifying."^[1] Yilda Fil Xardi 1984 yilgi kitob Ilmiy fantastika, a reviewer described the film as a "surprising failure" and called it "Carpenter's most unsatisfying film to date".^[84] The review noted that the narrative "seems little more than an excuse for the various set-pieces of special effects and Russell's hero is no more than a cypher compared to Tobey's rounded character in Howard Hawks' Narsalar".^[84] Clennon said that introductory scenes for the characters, omitted from the film, made it hard for audiences to connect with them, robbing it of some of the broader appeal of Chet ellik.^[25][25]

Taqdirlar

Narsalar received nominations from the Fantastika, fantastik va dahshatli filmlar akademiyasi uchun Eng yaxshi dahshatli film va Eng yaxshi maxsus effektlar,^[85] ammo yutqazdi Poltergeist va E.T. erdan tashqarinavbati bilan.^[86] The film was nominated in the Razzie mukofotlari uchun Eng yomon musiqiy skor.^[87]

Post-reliz

Natijada

The impact on Carpenter was immediate—he lost the job of directing the 1984 science fiction horror film Firestarter sababli Narsalar's poor performance.^[88] His previous success had gained him a multiple-film contract at Universal, but the studio opted to buy him out of it instead.^[89] He continued making films afterward but lost confidence, and did not openly talk about Narsalar's failure until a 1985 interview with Starlog, where he said, "I was called 'a pornographer of violence' ... I had no idea it would be received that way ... Narsalar was just too strong for that time. I knew it was going to be strong, but I didn't think it would be too strong ... I didn't take the public's taste into consideration."^[1] Shortly after its release, Wilbur Stark sued Universal for $43 million for "slander, breach of contract, fraud and deceit", alleging he incurred a financial loss by Universal failing to credit him properly in its marketing and by showing his name during the end credits, a less prestigious position.^[4] Stark also said that he "contributed greatly to the [screenplay]".^[90] David Foster responded that Stark was not involved with the film's production in any way, and received proper credit in all materials.^[91] Stark later sued for a further $15 million over Foster's comments. The outcome of the lawsuits is unknown.^[92]

Uy ommaviy axborot vositalari

Esa Narsalar was not initially successful, it was able to find new audiences and appreciation on uy videosi, and later on television.^[93] Sidney Sheinberg edited a version of the film for network television broadcast, which added narration and a different ending, where the Thing imitates a dog and escapes the ruined camp. Carpenter disowned this version, and theorized that Sheinberg had been mad at him for not taking his creative ideas on board for the theatrical cut.^[94][95][96]

Narsalar kuni ozod qilindi DVD in 1998 and featured additional content, such as The Thing: Terror Takes Shape—a detailed documentary on the production, deleted and alternate scenes, and commentary by Carpenter and Russell.^[97][98] An HD DVD version followed in 2006 containing the same features,^[99][100] va a Blu ray version in 2008 featuring just the Carpenter and Russell commentary, and some behind-the-scenes videos available via picture-in-picture film paytida.^[101][102] A 2016 Blu-ray release featured a 2K piksellar sonini restoration of the film, overseen by Dean Cundey. As well as including previous features such as the commentary and Terror Takes Shape, it added interviews with the cast and crew, and segments that focus on the music, writing, editing, Ploog's artwork, an interview with Alan Din Foster, who wrote the film's novlizatsiya, and the television broadcast version of Narsalar that runs 15 minutes shorter than the theatrical cut.^[103] A 4K piksellar sonini restoration was released in 2017 on Blu-ray, initially as a United Kingdom exclusive with a limited run of 8,000 units. The restoration was created using the original film salbiy, and was overseen by Carpenter and Cundey.^[104]

MCA released the soundtrack for Narsalar 1982 yilda.^[105] Vares Sarabande re-released it in 1991 on ixcham disk va Yilni kasseta.^[106] These versions eventually ceased being manufactured. In 2011, Howarth and Larry Hopkins restored Morricone's score using updated digital techniques, and arranged each track in the order it appears in the film. The album also includes tracks composed by Carpenter and Howarth for the film.^[107] A remastered version of the score was released on vinil on February 23, 2017; a deluxe edition included an exclusive interview with Carpenter.^[108] In May 2020, an kengaytirilgan o'yin (RaI), Yo'qotilgan signallar: narsa, ozod qilindi. The EP contains Carpenter's contributions to Narsalar's score; he re-recorded the music because the original masterings yo'qolgan.^[109]

Tematik tahlil

Ning asosiy mavzusi Narsalar concerns paranoia and mistrust.^{[110][111][112]} Fundamentally, the film is about the erosion of trust in a small community,^[113] instigated by different forms of paranoia caused by the possibility of someone not being who they say they are, or that your best friend may be your enemy.^[114][112] It represents the distrust that humans always have for somebody else and the fear of betrayal by those we know and, ultimately, our bodies.^[112] The theme remains timely because the subject of paranoia adapts to the age. Narsalar focuses on being unable to trust one's peers, but this can be interpreted as distrust of entire institutions.^[115]

Developed in an era of sovuq urush Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va Sovet Ittifoqi, the film refers to the threat of nuclear annihilation by o'zaro ishonch bilan yo'q qilish. Diabolique's Daniel Clarkson Fisher notes that MacReady destroys the chess computer after being checkmated, and similarly vows to destroy the Thing, even at the expense of the team.^[116] The Cold War-style isolationism hurts the group, while a lack of trust destroys it. Screen Rant's Michael Edward Taylor draws allusions between Narsalar and the accusatory Qizil qo'rqinchlar va Makkartizm, as the film conveys an anti-communist fear of infection of civilized areas that will lead to assimilation and imitation.^[111][116] Eğimli jurnali's John Lingsan said the men display a level of post-Vetnam urushi (1955–1975) "fatigued counterculturalism"—the rejection of conventional ijtimoiy normalar, each defined by their own eccentricities.^[113]

The work of writer H. P. Lovecraft was an inspiration for John Carpenter ish. The shapeless, undefinable Thing has been compared to Lovecraft's indescribable, otherworldly forces.^[117]

Lancaster's script eschews female characters because he believed that a female character would be a love interest who inevitably gets in the way. Atlantika's Noah Berlatsky said that unlike typical horror genre films, females are excluded, allowing the Thing to be identified as a fear of not being a man, or being homosexual. Indeed, several assimilations involve penetration, tentacles, and in Norris's case, opened up at the stomach to birth his own replica. The slasher genre favors female stars as they are perceived as weaker and therefore more empathetic, providing a cathartic release when they defeat the villain, but in Narsalar the men are not meant to survive.^[110] Vitse-muovin's Patrick Marlborough considered Narsalar to be a critical take on masculinity. Identifying the Thing requires intimacy, confession, and empathy to out the creature, but masculinity prevents this as an option. Trapped by pride and stunted emotional growth, the men are unable to confront the truth out of fear of embarrassment or exposure.^[115] Berlatsky noted that MacReady avoids emotional attachments and is the most paranoid, allowing him to be the hero. This detachment works against him in the finale, which leaves MacReady locked in a futile mistrust with Childs, each not really knowing the other.^[110]

Nerdist 's Kyle Anderson and G'alati ufqlar's Orrin Grey analyzed Narsalar as an example of author H. P. Lovecraft "s kosmik dahshat, the notion that ancient, inhuman beings exist that do not care about humanity in any way. This also includes the fear of losing one's humanity, and being consumed, figuratively or literally, by these ancient eldritch behemoths. The Thing is a being beyond our understanding and possesses the ability to destroy all life on Earth quickly. Just as Lovecraft left his creatures undescribed, the Thing can be seen, but its shape is mostly indescribable, beyond the realm of human knowledge.^[118] Grey said that MacReady represents a more traditional Hollywood film protagonist, but Blair represents the Lovecraftian protagonist, who succumbs to his fear of the creature, is driven insane by the implications of its nature, and eventually becomes what he fears.^[118][117]

The Thing never speaks or gives a motive for its actions, and ruthlessly pursues its goal.^[119] Grey describes the creature as fear of the loss of self. It attacks, consumes and imitates an individual perfectly with memories and behaviors. The original is subsumed by an alien copy that is virtually impossible to identify.^[117] Geek Den's Mark Harrison and Ryan Lambie said that the essence of humanity is free will, which is stripped away by the Thing, possibly without the individual being aware that they have been taken over.^[120][121] In a 1982 interview, when given the option to describe Narsalar as "pro-science" like U erga kim boradi? or "anti-science" like Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa, Carpenter chose "pro-human", stating, "It's better to be a human being than an imitation, or let ourselves be taken over by this creature who's not necessarily evil, but whose nature it is to simply imitate, like a chameleon."^[59] Further allusions have been drawn between the blood-test scene and the epidemic of HIV at the time, which could only be identified by a blood test.^[23][122]

Since its release, many theories have been developed to attempt to answer the film's ambiguous ending shared by MacReady and Childs.^[123] Several suggest that Childs was infected, citing Dean Cundey's statement that he deliberately provided a subtle illumination to the eyes of uninfected characters, something absent from Childs. Similarly, others have noted a lack of visible breath from the character in the frigid air. While both aspects are present in MacReady, their absence in Childs has been explained as a technical issue with the filming.^[124][125] During production, Carpenter considered having MacReady be infected,^[126] and an alternate ending showed MacReady having been rescued and definitively tested as uninfected.^[41] Russell has said that analyzing the scene for clues is "missing the point". He continued, "[Carpenter] and I worked on the ending of that movie together a long time. We were both bringing the audience right back to square one. At the end of the day, that was the position these people were in. They just didn't know anything... They didn't know if they knew who they were... I love that, over the years, that movie has gotten its due because people were able to get past the horrificness of the monster... to see what the movie was about, which was paranoia."^[123] However, Carpenter has teased, "Now, I do know, in the end, who the Thing is, but I cannot tell you."^[127]

Meros

Tanqidiy qayta baholash

In the years following its release, critics and fans have reevaluated Narsalar as a milestone of the horror genre.^[25] A prescient review by Piter Nicholls in 1992, called Narsalar "a black, memorable film [that] may yet be seen as a classic".^[128] It has been called one of, if not the best film directed by Carpenter.^{[20][129][130]} Jon Kennet Muir called it "Carpenter's most accomplished and underrated directorial effort",^[131] va tanqidchi Mett Zoller Zayts said it "is one of the greatest and most elegantly constructed B-movies ever made".^[132]

Trace Thurman described it as one of the best films ever,^[133] and in 2008, Imperiya magazine selected it as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time,^[134] at number 289, calling it "a peerless masterpiece of relentless suspense, retina-wrecking visual excess and outright, nihilistic terror".^[44] It is now considered to be one of the greatest horror films ever made,^[131][135] and a classic of the genre.^[136] Several publications have called it one of the best films of 1982, including Filmsite.org,^[137] Film.com,^[138] va Ko'ngilochar haftalik.^[127] Muir called it "the best science fiction-horror film of 1982, an incredibly competitive year, and perhaps even the best genre motion picture of the decade".^[131] Kompleks named it the ninth-best of the decade, calling it the "greatest genre remake of all time".^[139] Numerous publications have ranked it as one of the best science fiction films, including number four by IGN (2016);^[140] 12 raqami Trillist (2018);^[141] number 17 by GamesRadar + (2018);^[142] number 31 by Yapıştır (2018);^[143] number 32 by Esquire (2015) va Mashhur mexanika (2017);^[144][145] and number 76 by Rotten Tomatoes (2017) based on its average review score.^[146]

Xuddi shunday, Narsalar has appeared on several lists of the top horror films, including number one by Boston Globe;^[135] number two by Qonli jirkanch (2018);^[147] number four by Imperiya (2016);^[148] and number six by Taym-aut; turib qolish; tanaffus (2016).^[149] Imperiya listed its poster as the 43rd best film poster ever.^[61] 2016 yilda Britaniya kino instituti named it one of 10 great films about aliens visiting Earth.^[150] It was voted the ninth best horror film of all time in a Rolling Stone readers poll,^[136] and is considered one of the best examples of tana dahshati.^{[151][152][153][154]} GamesRadar + listed its ending as one of the 25 best of all time.^[155] Contemporary review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes offers an 85% approval rating from 66 critics—an average rating of 7.44/10, which provides the consensus, "Grimmer and more terrifying than the 1950s take, John Carpenter's Narsalar is a tense sci-fi thriller rife with compelling tension and some remarkable make-up effects."^[156] The film also has a score of 57 out of 100 on Metakritik based on 13 critical reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".^[157]

In a 2011 interview, Carpenter remarked that it was close to, if not, his favorite film from his own filmography. He lamented that it took a long time for Narsalar to find a wider audience, saying, "If Narsalar had been a hit, my career would have been different. I wouldn't have had to make the choices that I made. But I needed a job. I'm not saying I hate the movies I did. I loved making Kristin (1983) va Yulduzli odam (1984) va Kichik Xitoyda katta muammo (1986), all those films. But my career would have been different."^[158]

Madaniy ta'sir

The film has had a significant impact on popular culture,^[133] and by 1998, Narsalar was already considered a diniy klassik.^[127][44] U film ma'lumotnomasida keltirilgan Siz o'limdan oldin ko'rishingiz kerak bo'lgan 1001 film, which says "one of the most influential horror movies of the 1980s, much imitated but rarely bettered... It is one of the first films to unflinchingly show the rupture and warp of flesh and bone into grotesque tableaus of surreal beauty, forever raising the bar of cinematic horror."^[159] It has been referred to in a variety of media, from television (including X-fayllar, Futurama va Begona narsalar ) to games (Resident Evil 4, Tomb Raider III,^[133] va Icewind Dale: Frostmaiden rejimi)^[160] va filmlar (Fakultet, Yugurish, Tuman ).^[133]

Narsalar is screened annually at the Amundsen – Skott janubiy qutb stantsiyasi.

Several filmmakers have spoken of their appreciation for Narsalar or cited its influence on their own work, including Gilyermo del Toro,^[161] Jeyms DeMonako,^[162] J. J. Abrams,^[163] Nil Blomkamp,^[164] David Robert Mitchell,^[165] Rob Xardi,^[166] Stiven S. DeKayt,^[167] va Kventin Tarantino.^[168] 2011 yilda, The New York Times asked prominent horror filmmakers what film they had found the scariest. Ikki, Jon Sayls va Edgar Rayt, keltirilgan Narsalar.^[169] The 2015 Tarantino film Nafratli sakkizta takes numerous cues from Narsalar, from featuring Russell in a starring role, to replicating themes of paranoia and mistrust between characters restricted to a single location, and even duplicating certain angles and layouts used by Carpenter and Cundey.^[168] Pieces of Morricone's unused score for Narsalar were repurposed for Nafratli sakkizta.^[50] Tarantino also cited Narsalar as an inspiration for his 1992 film Suv omboridagi itlar.^[12]

The film is screened annually in February to mark the beginning of winter at the Amundsen – Skott janubiy qutb stantsiyasi.^[12][170] 2010 yil yanvar oyida, Clarkesworld jurnali published "The Things", a short story by Piter Uotts told from the Thing's point of view; it is unable to understand why humans are hostile toward it. The story received a 2011 Ugo mukofoti nomzodlik.^[12][171] In 2017, a 400-page art book was released featuring art inspired by Narsalar, with contributions from 350 artists, a foreword by director Eli Rot, and an afterword by Carpenter.^[172]

2007 yil Halloween dahshatli kechalari event at Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida, featured "The Thing: Assimilation", a hayajonli diqqatga sazovor joy film asosida. The attraction included MacReady and Childs, both held in stasis, the Blair-Thing and the outpost kennel.^[173][174] An excursion of fans to the filming location in British Columbia is currently scheduled to take place in 2022, to celebrate the film's 40th anniversary.^[175]

Mahsulotlar

A novelization of the film was published by Alan Dean Foster in 1982.^[103] It is based on an earlier draft of the script and features some differences from the finished film.^[176] A scene in which MacReady, Bennings, and Childs chase infected dogs out into the snow is included,^[177] and Nauls's disappearance is explained: Cornered by the Blair-Thing, he chooses suicide over assimilation.^[178]

2000 yilda, McFarlane Toys released two "Movie Maniacs" figures: the Blair-Thing^[179] and the Norris-Thing, including its spider-legged, disembodied head.^[180] SOTA o'yinchoqlari released a set featuring a MacReady figure and the Dog-Thing based on the film's kennel scene,^[181] and a bust of the Norris-Thing's spider-head.^[182] 2017 yilda, Mondo and the Project Raygun division of USAopoly ozod qilindi The Thing: Infection at Outpost 31, a board game. Players take on the role of characters from the film or the Thing, each aiming to defeat the other through subterfuge and sabotage.^[183][184]

Sequels

To'q ot prikollari published four comic book sequels starring MacReady, beginning in December 1991 with the two-part Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa tomonidan Chuck Pfarrer, which is set 24 hours after the film.^[185][186] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Pfarrer o'zining hajviy hikoyasini 90-yillarning boshlarida "Universal" ga davomi sifatida taqdim etgan.^[185] Shundan keyin to'rt qismdan iborat bo'ldi Boshqa dunyodagi narsa: qo'rquv iqlimi 1992 yil iyulda,^[187] to'rt qism Boshqa dunyodagi narsa: abadiy qasamyodlar 1993 yil dekabrda,^[188] va Boshqa dunyodagi narsa: shubhali tadqiqotlar.^[189] 1999 yilda Carpenter filmning davomi uchun jiddiy muhokamalar o'tkazilmaganligini aytdi, ammo u Pfarrerning moslashishiga asoslanib, voqeani munosib davomi deb atashni istaydi.^[8][185] 2002 yil shu nomdagi video o'yin uchun ozod qilindi Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2 va Xbox odatda ijobiy sharhlarga.^[190][191] O'yin syujeti film voqealari oqibatlarini tergov qilayotgan AQSh askarlaridan iborat guruhdan iborat.^[192]

2005 yilda Syfy kanal tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan to'rt soatlik mini-seriallarning davomini rejalashtirgan Frank Darabont va tomonidan yozilgan Devid Lesli Jonson-Makgoldrik. Ushbu voqea MacReady va Childs jasadlarini va narsalar qoldiqlarini qayta tiklaydigan rus jamoasini ta'qib qildi. Hikoya 23 yil oldinga siljiydi, u erda Nyu-Meksiko shtatidagi narsalar qochib ketadi va qamoqqa olish urinishlarini kuzatib boradi. Loyiha hech qachon davom etmadi va Universal badiiy filmning davomi bilan davom etishni tanladi.^[193] Prequel filmi, Narsalar, 2011 yil oktyabr oyida 27,4 dollarga chiqarildi dunyo bo'ylab million kassa yalpi va aralash sharhlar.^{[194][195][196][197]} Norvegiya jamoasi bu narsani aniqlagandan keyin voqealar voqealari.^[196] 2020 yilda Universal Studios va Blumhouse Productions Carpenterning remeykini ishlab chiqish haqida e'lon qildi Narsalar. Qayta ishlash elementlarini o'z ichiga olgan deb ta'riflangan Boshqa dunyodan kelgan narsa va Narsalar, shuningdek, roman U erga kim boradi?va uning kengaytirilgan versiyasi, Muzlatilgan do'zax bir nechta qo'shimcha boblardan iborat.^[198]

Garchi yillar ajratilgan bo'lsa-da, syujet, personajlar, ekipaj va hatto prodyuserlik studiyalari jihatidan bir-biriga bog'liq emas, deb o'ylaydi Carpenter Narsalar uning "Apocalypse Trilogy" filmining birinchi qismi bo'lishi, bu filmlar atrofida suratga olingan kosmik dahshat inson uchun noma'lum shaxslar, bu ham inson hayoti, ham o'zlik tuyg'usi uchun tahdiddir. Narsalar tomonidan ta'qib qilindi Zulmat shahzodasi 1987 yilda va Jinnilik og'zida 1994 yilda. Uchala filmga Carpenterning Lovecraft asarlarini qadrlashi katta ta'sir ko'rsatmoqda.^[199][117]

Adabiyotlar

Bibliografiya

Tashqi havolalar

• Narsalar da Amerika kino instituti katalogi
• Narsalar da AllMovie
• Narsalar da Box Office Mojo
• Narsalar kuni IMDb
• Narsalar da Metakritik
• Narsalar da Rotten Tomatoes
• Narsalar da TCM filmlar uchun ma'lumotlar bazasi
• Narsalar theofficialjohncarpenter.com saytida
• U erga kim boradi? Jon V. Kempbell tomonidan yozilgan roman Narsalar asoslangan