Everett, Vashington - Everett, Washington

Everett Lushootseed: dᶻaɬigʷed[1]
Shahar
Everett shahri
Everett stantsiyasi va shahar manzarasi
Muhr Logotip
Everett, Vashington
Everett Qo'shma Shtatlarda joylashgan joy
Koordinatalari: 47 ° 58′45 ″ N. 122 ° 12′06 ″ V / 47.97917 ° N 122.20167 ° Vt / 47.97917; -122.20167Koordinatalar: 47 ° 58′45 ″ N. 122 ° 12′06 ″ V / 47.97917 ° N 122.20167 ° Vt / 47.97917; -122.20167
Mamlakat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Shtat	Vashington
Tuman	Snohomish
O'rnatilgan	1890
Birlashtirilgan	1893 yil 4-may
Hukumat
• turi	Shahar hokimi - kengash
• Shahar hokimi	Kessi Franklin
Maydon [2]
• Shahar	47,91 kvadrat mil (124,08 km)2)
• er	33,19 kv mil (85,96 km)2)
• Suv	14,71 kvadrat mil (38,11 km)2)
Aholisi  (2010 )[3]
• Shahar	103,019
• smeta (2019)[4]	111,475
• daraja	BIZ: 270-chi WA: 7-chi
• zichlik	3358,59 / kv mil (1296,76 / km)2)
• Metro	3,979,845 (AQSh: 15-chi )
Demonim (lar)	Everettit
Vaqt zonasi	UTC − 8 (Tinch okean standart vaqti )
• Yoz (DST )	UTC − 7 (Tinch okeani kunduzgi vaqti )
Pochta kodlari	98201, 98203, 98204, 98206, 98207, 98208, 98213[5]
Hudud kodlari	425
FIPS kodi	53-22640
GNIS xususiyat identifikatori	1512198[6]
Veb-sayt	har doim.gov

Everett bo'ladi okrug markazi ning va eng katta shahar Snohomish okrugi, Vashington, Qo'shma Shtatlar. Shimoldan 25 milya (40 km) uzoqlikda joylashgan Sietl va shaharlarning asosiy shaharlaridan biridir metropoliten maydoni va Puget-Sound mintaqasi. Everett bu ettinchi yirik shahar shtatda aholisi bo'yicha, 103.019 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladi 2010 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish. Shahar, birinchi navbatda, og'izning og'zida joylashgan yarimorolda joylashgan Snohomish daryosi birga Port Gardner ko'rfazi, kirish joyi Egalik ovozi (o'zi qismi Puget ovozi ), va janubga va g'arbga cho'zilgan.

Port Gardner yarim orolida tarixiy ravishda yashagan Snohomish odamlari, daryo og'ziga yaqin joyda Hibulb nomli qishlog'i bo'lgan. Ushbu hududdagi zamonaviy aholi punktlari 1860-yillarda keltirilgan yog'ochni kesuvchilar va uy egalari bilan boshlangan, ammo shahar qurish rejalari 1890 yilgacha o'ylab topilmagan. Katta sanoat shahri qurmoqchi bo'lgan Sharqiy Sohil investorlari konsortsiumi ushbu hududdan er sotib olib, o'z hujjatlarini topshirgan. plat ular sharafiga nomlagan "Everett" uchun Everett Kolbi, investorning o'g'li Charlz L. Kolbi. Shahar edi kiritilgan kelganidan ko'p o'tmay, 1893 yilda Buyuk Shimoliy temir yo'l, va bir necha yirik bilan yirik yog'och markazi sifatida gullab-yashnagan arra zavodlari. Everett 1897 yilda munozaradan so'ng okrugga aylandi Snohomish bir nechta saylovlarda bahslashdi va a Oliy sud ish. Shahar 1910-yillarda ishchilarning noroziligi bo'lgan, bu avjiga chiqqan Everett qatliomi 1916 yilda bir necha a'zolarni o'ldirgan Dunyo sanoat ishchilari.

Hudud yangi bilan bog'langan shaharlararo 1920-yillarda temir yo'llar va avtomobil yo'llari ko'priklari uni yirik savdo markaziga aylantirib, aeroportga ega bo'ldi Paine Field 1936 yilda. Shahar iqtisodiyoti yog'ochdan voz kechib, keyinchalik aerokosmik yo'nalishga o'tdi Ikkinchi jahon urushi, qurilishi bilan Boeing "s samolyot yig'ish zavodi 1967 yilda Peyn maydonida. Boingning mavjudligi Everettga qo'shimcha sanoat va tijorat rivojlanishini hamda yarim orolning janubi va g'arbiy qismida yangi turar-joy mahallalarini olib keldi. ilova qilingan shahar tomonidan. Boeing shahar bilan bir qatorda shaharning eng yirik ish beruvchisi bo'lib qolmoqda AQSh dengiz kuchlari ishlagan Everett dengiz stantsiyasi 1994 yildan beri.

Everett Snohomish okrugi uchun asosiy bandlik markazi bo'lib qolmoqda, ammo ayni paytda u aylandi yotoqxona jamoasi so'nggi o'n yilliklarda Sietl uchun. U Sietl bilan bog'langan Davlatlararo 5 va turli xil jamoat transporti xizmatlari Everett stantsiyasi shu jumladan Tashuvchi qatnovchi poezd, Amtrak, va shahar tashqarisidagi avtobuslar. Everett har yili o'tkaziladigan bir necha festivallarni o'tkazadi, shuningdek, kichik liga sport jamoalari, shu jumladan Everett Silvertips da Shamollar arenasi farishtasi.

Tarix

Dastlabki tarixi va joylashishi

Janubga qarab Sietl va Montana temir yo'li o'tayotganda Port Gardner Bay, 1891 yilda

The Port Gardner Yarim orolda dastlab mahalliy aholi yashagan Sohil salisi mintaqaga 10 000 yil kelgan qabilalar hozirgacha va hozirgi Everett yaqinida hozirgi kundan taxminan 2000 yil oldin joylashdilar.^[7] The Snohomish odamlari mahalliy suv yo'llari atrofida yashagan Egalik ovozi daryosi va Hibulbda (Xebolb deb ham nomlanadi) mustahkamlangan qishlog'i bo'lgan Snohomish daryosi.^[7][8] Mintaqadagi birinchi evropaliklar 1792 yildan boshlab tadqiqotchilar edi Vankuver ekspeditsiyasi, zamonaviy Everett qirg'og'idagi plyajga tushgan va erni talab qilgan Angliya 4 iyun kuni Qirolning tug'ilgan kuni Jorj III.^[9] Puget ovozi tomonidan ko'proq o'rganib chiqilgan va chizilgan Hudson's Bay kompaniyasi 1824 yilda va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Ekspeditsiyasi ostida Charlz Uilks 1841 yilda, bu hududda Amerikaning katta ishtiroki oldidan.^[10][11]

Snohomish va boshqa qirg'oq salish qabilalari imzolagan Point Elliott shartnomasi 1855 yilda o'z erlaridan voz kechgan Vashington hududiy hukumati va yaqin atrofni o'rnatdi Tulalip hindistonlik rezervatsiyasi, ular qaerga ko'chirilishi kerak edi.^[12] Yarim orolga kelgan birinchi doimiy amerikalik ko'chmanchi Dennis Brigham edi Worcester, Massachusets 160 gektar maydonni (64,7 ga) da'vo qilgan uy-joy va o'zi uchun idishni qurdi. Boshqa bir nechta oilalar o'zlarining uy-joylarini tashkil etishdi, shuningdek umumiy do'kon va a arra zavodi bu tezda ishdan chiqib ketdi.^[11] Keyingi bir necha yil ichida bu erga bir necha daraxt kesuvchilar ko'chib ketishdi, ammo aholi punktini qurish rejalari 1890 yilgacha o'ylab topilmagan.^[13]

Orqali Alyaska kruiz paytida Dovon ichkarisida paroxodda Tinch okeani malikasi 1890 yil iyulda yog'ochsoz Genri Xevitt kichik. va temir yo'l boshqaruvchisi Charlz L. Kolbi Port Gardner ko'rfazidagi sanoat shahar rejalarini tuzdi. Avvalroq Xevitt va Kolbi uchrashgan edi Viskonsin, bu erda ular tegishli ravishda yog'och va dengiz korxonalarini boshqargan va Takoma, Vashington, undan sayohat boshlandi. Bu juftlik birinchi okean porti bo'lishini taxmin qilgan joyda sanoat markazini qurishga intildi Buyuk Shimoliy temir yo'l, tomonidan qurilishi kerak Jeyms J. Xill va uni "ga aylantiringPitsburg G'arbning ".^[14][15] 1890 yil 22-avgustda plat tomonidan yarimoroldagi 50 gektarlik (20 ga) shaharcha uchun Rucker birodarlar, Takomadan shimolga ko'chib o'tgan va bu hudud uchun oddiyroq rejalarga ega bo'lgan.^[14]

Sentyabrga qadar Koli 800 ming AQSh dollar miqdorida mablag 'ajratdi (2019 yilda 21,3 million dollarga teng)^[16] neft magnatidan Jon D. Rokfeller va uning temir yo'ldoshi Colgate Hoyt mulk chayqovchilaridan qochgan holda er olishni boshlash.^[14] Hewitt-Colby sindikati, rejalashtirilgan shaharini keyin nomlab, ma'lum bir joyni aniqlamaydigan nomdan foydalanishga qaror qildi Everett Kolbi, investor Charlz L. Kolbining o'n besh yoshli o'g'li, u guruh kechki ovqatida "dahshatli ishtaha" ni namoyish etdi.^[15] The Everett Land kompaniyasi tarkibiga kiritilgan Pirs okrugi 1890 yil 19-noyabrda va bir hafta o'tib Rucker Brothers-dan 434,15 gektar (175,69 ga) mulkni sotib oldi.^[17] Yarim orolda allaqachon bir nechta korxonalar tashkil qilingan bo'lib, ular odatda Bayside Port Gardner va Snohomish daryosiga qaragan Riverside o'rtasida o'zlarini ajratishgan.^[18] Ruker birodarlar platasi Xevitt bilan ularning mol-mulkining yarmini xayr-ehson qilish to'g'risida kelishuvga erishilgandan so'ng qaytarib olindi, u "Ajoyib hujjat" bo'yicha bir qator sanoat rivojlanishlarini va'da qildi va ushbu hujjat ushbu hududdagi boshqa er egalaridan mulk sotib olish uchun ham ishlatildi.^[19][20]

Everett 1891 yil boshida birinchi biznesini boshladi, chunki Snohomish daryosidagi yangi aholi punkti er chayqovchilarini jalb qildi va yog'och zavodlari va boshqa sanoat korxonalarini qurish majburiyatini oldi.^[21] Birinchi pochta iyul oyida ochilgan umumiy do'kon qirg'oqda, qaerda Sietl va Montana temir yo'li oktyabr oyida qurilgan. Yil oxiriga kelib Everett o'zining birinchi maktabiga ega bo'ldi, salon, cherkov va arra zavodi.^[22] Birodarlar Swalwell Riverside-da Xevitt avenyusi bo'ylab 100 metr (30 m) yotqizilgan va 1892 yil iyun oyida qurib bitkazilgandan so'ng daryoning bo'yidan sharqiy-g'arbiy magistralga aylangan mulkni sotishni boshlagan edi.^[23][24] Everett Land kompaniyasi dastlab munitsipal boshqaruvni tashkil qilmagan, mahalliy masalalarni 1892 yil 21 martda 21 rezident tashkil etgan "fuqarolar qo'mitasi" hal qilishi kerak edi.^[25] Yil oxiriga kelib, hudud bo'ylab Buyuk Shimoliy temir yo'l qurilishi tugashidan sal oldin 5000 nafar aholi istiqomat qilgan Stivens Pass 1893 yil 6-yanvarda. Temir yo'l Everettda dastlab quruqlik chayqovchilari kutganidek tugamadi, aksincha Puget Sound qirg'og'ida davom etdi Sietl.^[26]

Birlashma va dastlabki yillar

Shahar plat 1892 yilda Everett Land kompaniyasi tomonidan topshirilgan

Dengiz qirg'og'ida tortishuvlarga sabab bo'lgan tidelandlarni sotib olgandan so'ng, Everett Land kompaniyasi shahar hokimiyatini tuzishga imkon berdi.^[26] Shaharning dastlabki chegaralari sanoat hududlariga soliq solmaslik va shaharchani istisno qilish uchun kompaniya tomonidan belgilandi Louell Everettdan oldinroq bo'lgan.^[26] 1893 yil 27 aprelda Everett fuqarolari 670–99 ni yoqlab ovoz berishdi o'z ichiga olgan shahar sifatida va Tomas Dvayerni sayladi shahar hokimi.^[27] Birlashma tomonidan sertifikatlangan Snohomish tumani hukumat 1893 yil 4 mayda.^[26][28] Shahar xususiy mulk tramvay 1893 yil 3-iyulda Hewitt avenyu tijorat tumanini tegirmonlar bilan bog'laydigan chiziqlar bilan tizim erituvchilar va Louellgacha bo'lgan joylar.^[29]

Everett Land kompaniyasi shaharning qo'shilishidan bir necha oy o'tgach, moliyaviy muammolarga duch keldi 1893 yilgi vahima mintaqada sezildi. Kompaniyaning sarmoyasi Monte-Kristo maydon hosil bo'ldi ruda kutilganidan ko'ra sifatsiz va u kompaniyaning kichik sheriklari tomonidan Rucker Brothers bilan bir necha bor tuzatilgan "Ajoyib hujjat" dagi va'dalarni bajara olmadi.^[30] Rokfeller uning sarmoyasini shubha ostiga qo'ydi va Frederik Geytsni ajratishni boshlashga tayinladi, Kolbi va Xoyt esa kompaniya rahbarlari bo'lib qolishdi.^[30] Everettdagi bir necha yirik korxonalar iqtisodiy tushkunlikning eng yuqori cho'qqisida yopilgan yoki ishlamay qolgan, ammo ishlayapti Aleksandr Makdugal "s Balina ishga tushirilishi bilan yakunlandi SSEverett shahri o'sha paytda Puget Sound-da qurilgan eng yirik 1894 yil oktyabrda.^[31] Everett ayollar kitob klubi 1894 yilda tashkil topgan va shaharda birinchi bo'lib ochilgan kasalxona va ommaviy kutubxona, keyinchalik kengayib boradi Everett jamoat kutubxonasi tizim.^[32]

Iqtisodiy notinchlikka qaramay, Everett yangi korxonalar qo'shilishi bilan o'sishda davom etdi, chunki bu hududda yog'och ishlab chiqarish hajmi oshdi.^[33] Everettda boshqa sanoat tarmoqlari ham kengaygan, shu jumladan mahalliy konserva zavodi, a g'isht fabrikasi va bir nechta ruda eritish zavodlari.^[34] Monte-Kristoda yangi foydali qazilma konlarining topilishi aholining o'sishiga sabab bo'ldi va shu bilan birga Everett va Monte-Kristo temir yo'li Rokfeller egaligida.^[35] Shahar ham foyda keltirdi Klondike Gold Rush, bir nechta bino paroxodlar transport qidiruvchilar va tadbirkorlarga.^[35]

Dastlabki yillarda Everett bo'lish kampaniyasini boshladi okrug markazi almashtirish bilan Snohomish Graflikning boshqa shaharlariga xizmat ko'rsatadigan bir necha temir yo'l qurilishi tugagandan so'ng ahamiyati pasaygan. Fuqarolar va gazetalar tomonidan qizg'in munozaralar boshlanib, 1894 yil 6-noyabrda qaysi shaharga tuman o'rni deb nom berilishini aniqlash uchun saylovlar o'tkazilishi kerak edi.^[36] Komissarlarning dastlabki hisob-kitoblari 19-dekabr kuni firibgarlikda ayblanib, ikkala tomonning ovozlarini sotib olgan holda, Everett foydasiga e'lon qilindi. Snohomishning murojaatidan so'ng, Vashington Oliy sudi natijani bekor deb e'lon qildi va harakatni to'sib qo'ydi, ammo 1895 yil oktyabr oyida komissiyalar tomonidan qayta sanash Everett foydasiga qoldi.^[37] Ikki shahar o'rtasida uzoq muddatli huquqiy kurash bo'lib o'tdi va 1895 yil oktyabrda Oliy sud tomonidan qaror qilindi, u Everettni qonuniy va majburiy qayta sanab chiqishda okrugga aylanadi deb qaror qildi.^[38] 1897 yil yanvar oyida okrug hukumatining yozuvlari vagonlar tomonidan Snohomishdan Everettga ko'chirildi, u erda uch qavatli sud binosi 1898 yil 1-fevralda ochilgan.^[36][39]

Milltown va ishchilarning notinchligi

Everett qirg'og'i, v. 1905

Tashqi sarmoyadorlar Everett Land kompaniyasidagi aktsiyalarini qaytarib olgandan so'ng, 1899 yilda uning aktsiyalari egalik qilindi Everett takomillashtirish kompaniyasi, Jeyms J. Xill va uning ishonchli hamkori Jon T. Makkesni tomonidan nazorat qilinadi.^[40] Fridrix Veyerxayuzer Tinch okeanining shimoli-g'arbiy qismida Hillning yog'ochlarni sotib oldi va 1902 yilda ochilgan yirik yog'och ishlab chiqaradigan zavod uchun Everettni tanladi. O'n yil oxiriga kelib Everettda 11 ta yog'och fabrikasi, 16 ta shingil tegirmonlar va 17 kombinat - shtatdagi barcha boshqa shaharlarni ortda qoldirib, unga "Milltown" va "Smokestacks City" laqablarini berishdi.^[41] The Weyerhaeuser kompaniyasi Sohmish daryosida 1915 yil aprel oyida "B Mill" nomli yirik ikkinchi tegirmonini 203 futlik (62 m) tutun tutuni va 1000000 ga ishlov berish qobiliyati bilan ochdi. taxta oyoqlari yog'och.^[42]

Shahar birinchi bo'lib erishdi shaharlararo ochilishi bilan 1903 yilda temir yo'l Snohomish shaharlararo. Buning ortidan Sietl shahri orqali 1910 yil 2 mayda ichki marshrutda soatiga yurgan Aldervud Manor.^[43] Everett 1907 yilda birinchi toifadagi shaharga aylandi va 1910 yilga kelib 25 mingga yaqin aholi istiqomat qildi, ularning to'rtdan bir qismi chet elda tug'ilgan. Qayta qurish davrida mahalliy yog'och xo'jaligi rivojlandi San-Fransisko quyidagilarga rioya qilish 1906 yilgi zilzila, bu G'arbiy Sohil yog'och mahsulotlariga yuqori talabni yaratdi.^[11] Everettning o'zi 1909 yil 2 avgustda 12 tijorat binosi va okrug sud binosini vayron qilgan katta yong'indan aziyat chekdi.^[44] Shaharning o'sishiga olov to'sqinlik qilmadi va a yangi tuman sudi binosi bilan birga 1910 yilda ochilgan Everett o'rta maktabi talabalar shaharchasi.^[45] Everett saylovchilari 1912 yilda shahar hokimiyatini tantanali meri bilan uchta komissar kengashiga aylantirgan yangi shahar nizomini tasdiqladilar.^[46]

20-asrning birinchi o'n yilligida tegirmon va boshqa fabrikalarda ishchilar uyushishni boshladilar mehnat jamoalari 1901 yilgacha 27 ta kasaba uyushmasi va oltita kasaba uyushmasi bo'lgan Everett Markaziy Savdo Kengashi huzurida. Kengash 1907 yilgacha 25 ta kasaba uyushmalariga ega edi va ular bilan birlashdi. Amerika Mehnat Federatsiyasi, uning ta'siridan foydalanib, ish tashlashlar va ish to'xtashlarini uyushtirish uchun ish haqi oshdi va 1909 yilda 35 ishchi vafot etgan tegirmonlarda xavfsiz sharoitlar paydo bo'ldi.^[47][48] Everettda mahalliy aholi ham bor edi sotsialistik nashr etgan guruhlar va tashkilotchilar Mehnat jurnali va Hamdo'stlik 1914 yilgacha har hafta.^[49] 1907 yil sentyabrdan omon qolgan bir nechta odam hindlarga qarshi tartibsizliklar yilda Bellingham Everettda ikki oyga joylashdi, ammo kaltaklangan va olomon ularni kuch bilan haydab chiqargan.^[50]

Shahar ishchilarining g'alayonlari avjiga chiqdi Everett qatliomi 1916 yil 5-noyabrda Tinch okeanining shimoli-g'arbiy mehnat tarixidagi eng qonli voqea. Ish tashlash shingle to'quvchilar 1916 yil may oyida mahalliy tegirmonlarda boshlanib, bir necha oy davomida tegirmon egalarining shiddatli hujumlari bilan davom etdi Dunyo sanoat ishchilari (IWW), Everett tadbirlarida ma'ruzachilarni taqdim etgan radikal sotsialistik ittifoq.^[49][51] IWW va okrug sherifi o'rtasidagi ziddiyat natijasida shahar hukumati ko'cha-ko'yda so'zlashishni cheklash to'g'risida yangi farmon qabul qildi. Donald Makrey, mahalliy militsiyani qurollantirgan va 1916 yil 30 oktyabrda shaharga qayiq bilan kirmoqchi bo'lgan 41 kasaba uyushma a'zosini kaltaklagan.^[52] Kaltaklar kasaba uyushma a'zolari va boshqa Everett fuqarolarining g'azabiga sabab bo'ldi va 300 IWW a'zosini paroxodlarda sayohat qilishga undadi. Verona va Kalista 5-noyabr kuni Sietldan Everettgacha, ular Makray va uning guruh tomonidan zo'ravonlik va o't qo'yishdan qo'rqqan 200 nafar fuqarolar deputatlari posboni bilan to'qnashganda.^[49][53] Qizg'in munozaralardan so'ng bir necha daqiqali otishma boshlanganidan keyin besh kishi Verona o'ldirilgan va sud majlisidagi ikki deputat o'lik holda yaralangan do'stona olov; o'n ikki IWW a'zosining norasmiy soni suv osti suv havzalarini tiklash natijasida aniqlandi.^[49] Makreyni o'z ichiga olgan kamida 50 kishi jarohat olgan va Everett va Sietldagi 297 kishi hibsga olingan; oxir-oqibat faqat IWW a'zosi Tomas Treysi sud qilindi va aybsiz deb topildi birinchi darajali qotillik ikki oylik sud jarayonidan so'ng.^[52][54]

Shingle to'quvchilarining ish tashlashi 1916 yil 10-noyabrda tugatildi, tegirmon egalaridan hech qanday imtiyozlarsiz va mahalliy aholi nizoni kuchaytirgani uchun IWWga qarshi chiqishdi.^[51] AQShning kirib kelishi bilan mehnat zo'riqishlari pasayib ketdi Birinchi jahon urushi, IWW tomonidan urush harakatlari uchun jurnalni kesishni to'xtatishga urinishga qaramay.^[55] Qirg'in natijasida shtat hukumati fuqarolarni himoya qilishni taqiqlovchi qonunlar qabul qildi anarxiya yoki 1999 yilgacha bekor qilinmagan zo'ravonlik bilan ag'darish.^[56] Ushbu qirg'inni mahalliy aholi tomonidan 20-asrning oxiriga qadar, kitob hisoblari nashr etilgunga qadar va tarixiy marker oldingi docklarga qaragan holda o'rnatildi.^[52][53]

Urushlararo yillar

The Monte-Kristo mehmonxonasi, 1925 yilda yakunlangan

Mahalliy yog'ochsozlik sanoati 20-yillarning 20-yillariga kelib, narxlarning o'zgarishi bilan azob chekayotgan, ammo bundan foyda ko'rgan 1923 yil Yaponiya zilzilasi yog'ochni etkazib berish va ochilishini ta'minlash uchun Panama kanali. Klou-Xartli shingil fabrikasi dunyodagi eng yirik zavod ekanligini ta'kidlab, kuniga 1,5 million yog'och shingil ishlab chiqaradi; shahar 1920 yilda kuniga taxminan 4,5 million shingil va 3,5 million taxta oyoq yog'och ishlab chiqardi.^[57] The Everett porti 1918 yil 13-iyulda qirg'oqqa jamoat egalik qilish va shaharning iqtisodiy rivojlanishiga ko'maklashish uchun yaratilgan. 1920-yillarning oxiriga kelib port tumanning birinchi aeroportini ochdi Ebey oroli va 14-Street Dock-ni sotib oldi va Jeti oroli Everett yaxshilash kompaniyasidan.^[58][59] Shahar shuningdek, 1915 yilda xususiy suv tizimiga ega bo'ldi va uni yangi suv ta'minoti bilan almashtirdi Sulton daryosi to'rt yildan so'ng to'liq ishga tushirilgan havza.^[60]

Everett markaziy tijorat tumani 1920-yillarda bir nechta biznesdan band bo'lgan shahar markaziga aylandi, shu jumladan bir nechta ko'p qavatli ofis va chakana binolar qurilishi, ikkitasi o'rta maktablar, a zamonaviy shahar hokimligi va shaharning ikkita kasalxonasiga qo'shimchalar.^[61] Olti qavatli Monte-Kristo mehmonxonasi 1925 yilda 140 ta mehmon xonasi, chiroyli jihozlar va a. bilan ochilgan ziyofat zali bu bir necha o'n yillar davomida fuqarolik funktsiyalarini bajaradi.^[61][62] Tumanning birinchi radiostantsiyasi - KFBL (hozir KRKO ), 1922 yil 25-avgustda efirga uzatishni boshladi va shtatdagi eng qadimiylardan biri edi.^[63] 1924 yilda Weyerhaeuser majmuasidagi uchinchi tegirmon bo'lib, u 1500 kishini ish bilan ta'minlagan va 28.125 million dollarga (2019 yilda 335 million dollarga teng) o'z hissasini qo'shgan.^[16] o'n yillik oxiriga qadar yillik yog'och ishlab chiqarishda.^[64]

Avtomobilning keng tatbiq etilishi Everett va Snohomish okrugidan qo'shni viloyatlarga yangi yo'llar qurilishiga olib keladi. Ning eng birinchi takrorlanishi Stivens avtomagistrali 1925 yilda ochilib, ikkinchi avtomashinani kesib o'tishni ta'minladi Kaskadli tog'lar shtatda va yangi daraxtzorlar va boshqa manbalarga kirish.^[65] Keyinchalik avtomobil yo'lining ochilishi bilan yaxshilandi Hewitt avenyu trestli 1939 yilda balandlikda Snohomish daryosi va Ebey orolidan o'tish viyaduk.^[66] The Tinch okean magistrali (qismi AQSh 99-marshrut ) 1927 yilda Snohomish daryosi deltasi bo'ylab to'rtta ko'prik ochilishi bilan yakunlandi Merissvil.^[67] Everett, shuningdek, AQShda tramvaylarini almashtirgan birinchi shaharlardan biri edi avtobuslar, buni 1923 yilda,^[65] va Sietl-Everett shaharlararo so'nggi poezd 1939 yil 20-fevralda harakatlangan.^[68]

Everettda ishsizlikning katta o'sishi kuzatildi, chunki yog'och mahsulotlariga talab pasayib ketdi, ularning taxminiy 32 foizi mol-mulk solig'i 1932 yilda ish haqi to'lanmagan. Hududdagi xayriya tashkilotlari yordam dasturlarini tuzdilar va ishsiz aholiga ish bilan ta'minladilar, shu jumladan 185 gektarlik (75 ga) bog'da ish boshladilar va golf maydonchasi keyinchalik Shimoliy Everettda bo'ldi Amerika Legion yodgorlik bog'i.^[69] Federal Ishni rivojlantirish boshqarmasi shahar markazida yangi ommaviy kutubxona qurish, bog'larni rivojlantirish, maktablarni kengaytirish va ko'chalarni obodonlashtirish uchun mahalliy ishchilarni ish bilan ta'minladi.^[70] Ishlar dasturi keyinchalik tuman nomidagi yangi aeroportni ham qurdi Paine Field 1936 yilda Everettning janubi-g'arbiy qismida tijorat maqsadlarida foydalanish uchun ochilgan. Aeroport paytida harbiy foydalanish uchun ajratilgan Ikkinchi jahon urushi, lekin keyinchalik okrug egaligiga topshirildi.^[11][71] Urush ham yangisini olib keldi kemasozlik zavodi tomonidan boshqariladi Everett-Pacific Pacific Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, unda 6000 ishchi ishlagan va 1949 yilda yopilgan.^[72]

Boing va shahar atrofi rivojlanishi

Birinchi Boeing 747 da ishlab chiqarilgan Everett yig'ish zavodi, endi displeyda Parvoz muzeyi Sietlda

Everett markazi urush tugaganidan keyin to'rtta yirik bilan mintaqaviy savdo markazi sifatida o'sishda davom etdi do'konlar Hewitt Avenue va Colby Avenue-ning olti blokli radiusidagi o'nlab kichik chakana savdo va restoranlar. Aholining jadal o'sishi yarim orol atrofida yangi uy-joylar va yangi maktablarni qurishga turtki berdi Everett maktab okrugi 1941 yildagi 6000 dan 1951 yilda 11 600 taga ko'paygan.^[73] Maktab tumani ham qurilgan Everett yodgorlik stadioni 1947 yilda o'rta maktab sporti va fuqarolik tadbirlarini o'tkazish uchun.^[74] Yangi davlat uylari majmuasi, Beyker Xayts, 1943 yilda mahalliy kamomad sharoitida harbiy xizmatchilarni joylashtirish uchun qurilgan bo'lib, keyinchalik kam ta'minlangan oilalarga berilgan 1275 xonadonni ta'minladi.^[75]

Birinchi shahar atrofi uslubi Supermarket 1950 yilda Evergreen Way (AQSh 99-marshrutining bir qismi) da ochilgan va undan keyin davom etgan savdo markazlari va shunga o'xshash katta qutilar do'konlari o'n yillikning oxiriga kelib katta yo'l bo'ylab.^[76] Magistral yo'lni o'rab turgan joylar shahar atrofidagi uy-joylarga aylantirildi va shaharning o'sha paytdagi eng katta qismining asosiy qismini tashkil etdi ilova, 1959 yil 31-dekabrda Madison ko'chasi yaqinidagi 900 gektar maydonni (360 ga). 1961 va 1972 yillarda qurilgan Janubiy Everett qo'shimchalarining ikkinchi bosqichi shaharga, shu jumladan, Louell maydoniga 10,300 gektar maydonni (4,200 ga) qo'shdi va aholisini ko'paytirdi. 50 000 dan ortiq.^[76][77] Everettning ikkinchi o'rta maktabi, Kaskad o'rta maktabi, qo'shilgan hududlarga xizmat ko'rsatish uchun 1961 yilda ochilgan.^[76] Yangi shahar atrofi mahallalari orqali bog'langan Davlatlararo 5, 1965 yil fevral oyida Shimoliy Sietldan Everettga ochilgan va AQShning 99-chi marshrutini olti qatorli avtomagistral bilan aylanib o'tib, taxminan sobiq shaharlararo temir yo'ldan o'tib ketgan.^[78][79] Ushbu avtomagistral 1968 yil yanvar oyida Everett markazining sharqiy tomoniga uzaytirildi va 1969 yil may oyida shaharni Merissvill bilan bog'laydigan qism ochilishi bilan Vashingtonda 5-sonli davlatlararo qurilish tugadi.^[80][81]

The Boeing kompaniyasi 1943 yilda o'zining birinchi Everett fabrikasini urush davrida ishlab chiqarish doirasida ochdi B-17 dastur. Kompaniya 1956 yilda Everett-Tinch okeani kemasozlik zavodiga ko'chib o'tdi va 1965 yilga kelib 1728 ishchi bilan shaharning yagona yirik ish beruvchisiga aylandi.^[82] Boeing o'zining erta rivojlanishini ma'qulladi Boeing 747 1966 yil mart oyida yo'lovchi reaktiv samolyoti va uni qurish uchun iyun oyida Peyn Fild yaqinidan 780 gektar maydonni (320 ga) sotib oldi yig'ish zavodi dunyodagi birinchi "jumbo jet" ga aylanadigan samolyot uchun.^[83] "Everett shahri" deb nomlangan birinchi 747 samolyotda ishlar tugallanmagan zavodda 1967 yil yanvar oyida boshlangan.^[84] U 1968 yil sentyabr oyida ochilgan va 1969 yil 9 fevralda o'zining birinchi parvozini amalga oshirgan.^[85] Everett zavodi keyingi Boeing dasturlarini, shu jumladan 767, 777 va 787 Dreamliner.^[84]

Boeing zavodining yaqinlashib kelayotgan qurilishi 1960-yillarning oxirida Everett va uning atrofidagi aholi punktlarida yangi turar-joy va tijorat rivojlanishiga turtki berdi.^[86] O'n yillikning oxiriga kelib Everett shahar chegaralarini g'arbdan Mukilteoga va janubdan Kumush ko'lgacha uzaytirish uchun qo'shimcha hududlarni qo'shib oldi.^[77] Yangi avtomagistral, Davlat yo'nalishi 526, zavodni Interstate 5 ga Eastmont Interchange-da ulash uchun qurilgan, bu erda Everett savdo markazi qurilishi rejalashtirilgan edi.^[80] Savdo markazi a dan boshlab bosqichma-bosqich qurilgan Sears 1969 yil fevral oyida do'kon va 1974 yil 9 oktyabrda 14 do'kon bilan tantanali ochilish bilan yakunlanadi.^[87] Savdo markazining rivojlanishi Boeing samolyotlari bekor qilinishi bilan boshlangan mahalliy iqtisodiy halokat tufayli sekinlashdi ovozdan tez jetliner 1971 yildagi dastur va Boeing 747 samolyotlari savdosiga ta'sir ko'rsatgan laynerlar uchun moliyaviy muammolar. Everett zavodi ishchilar sonini 25000 dan 4700 gacha qisqartirdi, natijada mahalliy ishsizlik darajasi oshdi va sobiq ishchilar chetga chiqdi; Everett maktab okrugi uchta o'quvchi tomonidan kamayganligi sababli uchta boshlang'ich maktabni yopdi.^[87][88]

1970-yillar davomida Everettda saqlanib qolgan bir necha yog'och va sellyuloza fabrikalari ularni yangilash yoki almashtirish uchun juda qimmatga tushganligi sababli yopilib, "Mill Town" ni tugatdi. Louellning pulpa ishlab chiqaruvchi fabrikasi 1972 yilda yopilgan va undan keyin 1979 yilda Veyerxauzerning "B", 1981 yilda "A" fabrikalari ishlab chiqarilgan.^[89] Oxirgi Weyerhaeuser tegirmoni 1992 yilda yopilib, tark Scott Paper Company Everettda 2012 yilda yopilishigacha qolgan so'nggi qog'oz fabrikasi sifatida.^[89][90] Shahar buning o'rniga aerokosmik va yuqori texnologiyali sanoat bilan aloqalarini chuqurlashtirdi, 1980-yillarda binolarni ochdi Hewlett-Packard, Fluke va boshqa elektron firmalar.^[91] Everett markazi, shuningdek, chakana savdo do'konlari va avtoulovlarni sotish markazlari ochilishiga qaramay, shahar atrofi joylariga ko'chib o'tganligi sababli, faoliyat markazi sifatida rad etildi. mehmonxona va bir nechta ko'p qavatli ofis binosi.^[92] Everett markazidan janubi-sharqda joylashgan shahar axlatxonasi millionlab kauchukni qayta ishlash zavodiga aylantirildi shinalar 1984 yil sentyabr oyida alanga olgan va hodisa milliy OAV e'tiborini qozonganligi sababli etti oy davomida yonib ketgan "Firestone tog'i" laqabli.^[93]

Dengiz bazasi va shaharning tiklanishi

Everett dengiz stantsiyasi, ostida 1994 yilda ochilgan AQSh dengiz kuchlari ob'ekti Strategik homeport dastur

Boeing 1980 yilda sotuvlar pasayib, Everett zavodida 18000 kishiga ish bilan ta'minlandi, chunki u Everettda ishlab chiqarilgan ikkinchi samolyot oilasi Boeing 767 ni namoyish qilishga tayyorlanmoqda. Qo'shni sanoat parki Dengiz Bulvari bo'ylab 1980-yillarda shaharda savdo maydonlariga talab oshgani sayin ishlab chiqilgan.^[92] Everett porti Port Gardner ko'rfazida yangi savdo va chakana savdo majmuasini ishlab chiqarishni boshladi, chunki u sanoat maqsadlarida foydalanishni diversifikatsiya qilishga intildi, ammo loyiha moliyaviy muammolarga duch keldi, chunki Everett hududida ish beruvchilar muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi yoki ishchilar ishdan bo'shatildi 1981 yilda - 82.^[92] The AQSh dengiz kuchlari Port Gardner ko'rfazidagi sobiq kemasozlik maydonchasini 1984 yilda yangi harbiy baza sifatida tanlagan Strategik homeport dastur.^[94] Everett dengiz stantsiyasi va uning 1600 futlik (490 m) iskala 1987 yildan 1994 yilgacha shimolda joylashgan yordamchi inshootlar yonida qurilgan. Smokey nuqtasi.^[95][96] Birinchi kemalar 1994 yil sentyabrda kelgan. Everett dengiz stantsiyasi bir necha kishining uzoq muddatli uyi bo'lgan samolyot tashuvchilar shu jumladan USSAvraam Linkoln.^[97]

Shahar 1990-yillarda yaqinlashib kelayotgan yuz yillik tantanalari va Boeing 777 dasturi uchun Boeing zavodining uchinchi kengayishi bilan ta'minlanib, shaharsozlik tiklandi. Zavodni kengaytirish 1993 yilda yakunlanib, hajmi bo'yicha dunyodagi eng katta binoni 472,000,000 kub fut (13,400,000 m) ga etkazdi.³) 96 gektar maydonni (39 ga) egallagan.^{[98][99][100]} Everettning ichki mahallalari yangi turar-joy binolari va tijorat inshootlari bilan o'sdi, jumladan Everett shahar markazida 1980-yillarda obodonlashtirish va tiklash dasturi boshlangan edi.^[101] Shahar markazidagi dastur a yo'l parhezi Colby Avenue uchun, ekish qutilari kengaytirilgan piyodalar yo'llarida va yangi bog'larda.^[102][103] Everett markazida bir nechta yangi ofis binolari, shu jumladan 11 qavatli binolar qurib bitkazildi Everett Mutual minorasi va boshqa tarixiy binolar yangilangan yoki tiklangan.^[102][104] Shahar, shuningdek 2000 yil mart oyida Peyn Fild yaqinidagi 465 gektar maydonni (188 ga) qo'shib olib, Everett aholisini 91 mingdan oshdi.^[105] Everett an sifatida tan olingan Butun Amerika Siti tomonidan Milliy fuqarolik ligasi 2002 yilda va a'zosi bo'lgan Tree Siti AQSh 1993 yildan beri dastur.^[106][107] Shaharning Delta mahallasida 2000-yillarda boshlangan mablag 'evaziga atrof-muhitni tozalash ishlari olib borildi Asarko yopiq eritish zavodidan tuproqning ifloslanishi aniqlangandan keyin.^[108][109]

Everett mintaqaviy transportning asosiy markazi sifatida aniqlandi Ovozli tranzit tizim, ilgari muvaffaqiyatsiz urinishdan keyin 1996 yilda saylov byulletenida tasdiqlangan. Tranzit agentligi multimodalli poezd va avtobus markazini ochdi, Everett stantsiyasi, 2003 yil fevral oyida shaharning tarqoq ob'ektlarini almashtirish uchun Amtrak, Tovuz va mahalliy tranzit. Bu, shuningdek, shimoliy terminal sifatida xizmat qiladi Shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l va Sound Transit Express ikkalasi ham Everettni Sietlga bog'laydigan avtobuslar.^[110] Davlatlararo 5ning olti millik (9,7 km) qismi shtat hukumati tomonidan 2005 yildan 2008 yilgacha 263 million dollarga yangi yo'llar qo'shish va bir nechta almashinuvlarni yaxshilash orqali qayta tiklandi.^[111] Everett I-5 ning eng tirband qismlaridan biri bo'lib qolmoqda, bu ham AQShda sayohatni kechiktirish bo'yicha eng yomonlardan biri hisoblanadi.^[112]

Everett shahar markazi 2000 va 2010 yillarda yangi rivojlanish markazi bo'lib qoldi, mahalliy hukumatlar va xususiy ishlab chiqaruvchilar tomonidan bir nechta loyihalar amalga oshirildi. The Everett voqealar markazi (hozirgi Angels of the Winds Arena) 2003 yilda yopiq sport maydonchasi sifatida ochilgan, anjuman markazi va jamiyat muz yaxmalak.^[113] Tuman hukumati yangi ma'muriy markaz, qamoqxona, qurish bilan Everett ofis kampusini qayta qurdi. Avtoulovlarning ko'p qavatli to'xtash joyi va jamoat plaza 2005 yilda ochilgan.^[114][115] 2010-yillarda shahar markazida ikkita yangi mehmonxona ochildi va ular rayonlashtirish siyosatidan dalda bo'lgan bir nechta ko'p qavatli uylar bilan birga ochildi.^[116][117] Mintaqa kabi uysiz aholi o'sdi, Everett ikkitasini qo'shdi qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan uy-joy 150 ta kam ta'minlangan uy-joyni ijtimoiy xizmatlardan foydalanish imkoniyatini ta'minlash uchun shahar markazidagi binolar.^[118]

Boeing Everettni 787 Dreamliner va uning asosiy sayti sifatida tanladi 747-8 katta binolarni kengaytirishni talab qilmaydigan dasturlar.^[82] Shuningdek, kompaniya uni yaratish uchun tuman hukumati bilan hamkorlik qildi Flight Aviation Center va Boeing Tourning kelajagi, 2005 yilda ochilgan Peyn Filddagi aviatsiya muzeyi.^[119] The Boeing 777X 2013 yilda boshlangan dastur, 2016 yilda ochilgan Everett zavodiga tutash qanotlarni yig'ish markazini qurish rejalari bilan.^[120] Paine Field-da tijorat yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish xizmati yangi terminalda 4-mart, 2019-yilda qayta tiklandi, chunki 1980-yillardan boshlab rejalar yaqin atrofdagi aholi tomonidan to'sib qo'yilgan edi.^[121][122]

Zamonaviy qayta qurish

Shahar hukumati 1990-yillarning oxirlarida Snohomish daryosi bo'yidagi sobiq chiqindixonani qayta qurishni rejalashtira boshladi, ammo xususiy ishlab chiquvchilar loyihani oldinga siljitishdan bosh tortganliklari sababli loyiha to'xtab qoldi.^[123] 139 gektarlik (56 ga) mulkning asl kontseptsiyasi savdo, uy-joy, ofislar va bog'larga ega ko'ngilochar markaz edi. The daryo bo'yidagi loyiha oxir-oqibat uch qismga bo'lingan: 235 uchun janubiy qism yakka tartibdagi uylar 2016 yilda qurilgan; savdo maydoni, kvartiralar, kinoteatr va kichik bog'ga ega markaziy qism; shimoliy qismi esa 190 ga teng shahar uylari.^[124] Everett portining qirg'oq bo'yidagi 65 gektarlik (26 gektar) Port Gardner Wharf deb nomlanuvchi qayta qurish rejasi 2007 yilda ishlab chiqaruvchining moliyaviy muammolari tufayli bekor qilindi.^[125] Waterfront Place deb nomlangan yangi qurilish 2018 yilda shahar jamoatchiligiga yaqin joylashgan mehmonxona, kvartiralar, restoranlar va do'konlardan iborat qurilishni boshladi. Marina.^[126] Qo'shni to'rt qavatli turar-joy binosi 2020 yil iyul oyida qurilayotganda yong'in natijasida vayron bo'lgan.^[127]

Providence mintaqaviy tibbiyot markazi 1994 yilda Everettning ikkita kasalxonasi birlashishidan tashkil topgan bo'lib, 2011 yilda 12 qavatli tibbiy minorani ochish orqali Shimoliy Everett kampusining kengayishini yakunladi.^[128] The AQShning birinchi ishi ning koronavirus kasalligi 2019 Providens mintaqaviy tibbiyot markazida joylashgan Snohomish okrugida 2020 yil 20 yanvarda aniqlangan.^[129] Shtatda koronavirus pandemiyasi avj olgach, shahar hokimi Kassi Franklin birinchi bo'lib e'lon qildi joyida Vashington shtatiga 2020 yil 21 martda buyurtma.^[130] Shahar hukumati 2020 yil may oyida 160 nafar ishchisini ishdan bo'shatgan va xizmatlarni qisqartirishni rejalashtirgan, keyinroq shtat bo'ylab tarqalib ketgan boshpana joyidagi buyurtma tufayli kelib chiqqan 14 million dollarlik daromad taqchilligiga javoban.^[131] Shaharning 2020 yilgi byudjeti 2017 yilda aniqlangan xarajatlar farqi tufayli yuzaga keladigan prognozli defitsit tufayli cheklangan edi.^[132]

Geografiya

Broadett-dan g'arbiy tomonga qarab, Everett markazidagi Hewitt Avenue

Everett bu shaharlarni o'z ichiga olgan asosiy shaharlardan biridir Sietl metropoliteni va shimoldan 40 km uzoqlikda joylashgan Sietl.^[133] U birinchi navbatda g'arb bilan chegaradosh Port-Gardner yarim orolida joylashgan Port Gardner ko'rfazi (qismi Egalik ovozi ichida Puget ovozi daryosi), shimolga va sharqqa Snohomish daryosi delta.^[134] Shahar, shuningdek, yarim orolning janubi va janubi-g'arbiy qismidagi shahar atrofi va sanoat hududlarini ham o'z ichiga oladi, ular 20-asrning o'rtalaridan oxirigacha qo'shilgan.^[77][135] Everettda 11 milya (18 km) toza suv qirg'og'i va 18 milya (18 km) sho'r suv qirg'og'i, shu jumladan bog'larda va jamoat bog'lari mavjud. qayiq panduslari Port Gardner ko'rfazida va Snohomish daryosida.^[136]:2 Ga ko'ra Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosi, shaharning umumiy maydoni 48.49 kvadrat mil (125.59 km)²), shundan 33,45 kvadrat mil (86,64 km)²) quruqlik va 15.04 kvadrat mil (38.95 km)²) suvdir.^[137]

Bilan shaharning g'arbiy chegarasi Mukilteo odatda tomonidan belgilanadi Yapon gulchasi Boeing Everett yig'ish zavodi va uning yordamchi binolari chetida.^[138] Everettning janubi-g'arbiy chekkasi an birlashtirilmagan maydon shu jumladan Paine Field va Stikni ko'li / Mariner shaharning belgilangan qismiga kiradigan mahallalar shahar o'sish maydoni janub tomon cho'zilgan Lynnwood.^[139] Janubiy chegara atrofni o'rab oladi Kumush ko'l va quyidagilar Davlat yo'nalishi 527 ga Davlat marshruti 96 Merfining burchagida, u bilan chegaradosh Mill Creek.^[140] Everettning chegaralari turli xil uy-joy bo'linmalariga amal qiladi Istmont asosiy sharqiy chegarani tashkil etuvchi Snohomish daryosiga etib borguncha. Shimoliy-sharqiy chegarasi qismlarini o'z ichiga oladi Smit oroli daryo deltasida Merissvil;^[138] bir qator magistral ko'priklar Everettni shimoldan Merissvillga bog'laydi Stivens ko'li Snohomish daryosi deltasidan o'tib sharqqa.^[141][142] Shahar chegaralari 3729 gektar o'rmonni (1509 ga) o'rab oladi Chaplain ko'li, Kaskad tog'laridagi suv ombori, bu shahar suv ta'minotining bir qismini ta'minlaydi.^[143]

Port-Gardner yarim orolining shimoliy chekinishi paytida vujudga kelgan Vashon muzligi davomida muzlik davri 14000 yil oldin.^[7] Asosiy tuproq odatda loamy tarkibiga shag'al qum kiradi muzliklarni tozalash.^[144] Everett yaqin Janubiy Uidbi orolidagi nosozlik, sayoz zilzila xatosi shaharning g'arbiy chekkasiga yaqin joylashgan va 1994 yilda kashf etilgan zona.^[145] 1990-yillarda mahalliy geologlar ham a tsunami va tuproqni suyultirish Snohomish daryosi deltasi ostidagi konlarda Janubiy Uidbi orolining aybi bilan bevosita bog'liq bo'lmagan.^[146] Shahar hukumati favqulodda vaziyatlarni boshqarish va tayyorgarlik bo'yicha idorasini 2002 yilda tashkil etgan va potentsial ta'sirni simulyatsiya qilish uchun muntazam ravishda tabiiy ofatlar bo'yicha mashg'ulotlar olib boradi.^[147] Everettning janubi-g'arbiy mahallalari bir nechtasini o'z ichiga oladi jarliklar Port Gardner ko'rfaziga oqib tushadigan mahalliy daryolar tomonidan hosil qilingan. Hudud ham moyil loy toshqinlari ko'rfazning qirg'oq bo'ylab o'tadigan temir yo'lda yo'lovchi va yuk xizmatini to'xtatadigan.^[148] Shaharning boshqa hududlari Snohomish daryosining suv havzalariga quyiladi va Vashington ko'li.^[149]

Shahar manzarasi va mahallalar

Everett shahri shahar va taniqli mahalla assotsiatsiyalari o'rtasidagi aloqani osonlashtiradigan Mahallalar idorasiga ega. Mahalla assotsiatsiyalari shahardan mustaqil bo'lib, saylangan rahbarlarga ega.^[150] Everett shahridagi turli mahallalarda bu kabi qarashlar mavjud Kaskad va Olimpiya o'yinlari tog'lar, shu jumladan Beyker tog'i va Rainier tog'i.^[151][152]

2019 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], Everettning tan olingan 19 mahalla assotsiatsiyasi:^[153]

• Everett shahar markazining aksariyat qismini o'z ichiga olgan Bayside, Everett porti va Everett dengiz stantsiyasi va uning atrofidagi turar joylar.^[153]
• Boulevard Bluffs, Mukilteo bilan chegaradosh shaharning asosan aholi turar joyi^[154]
• Cascade View, a residential area in South Everett, north of Everett Mall^[153]
• Delta, a primarily residential area north of Downtown Everett^[155]
• Evergreen, a primarily residential area in South Everett^[153]
• Glacier View, an older residential area south of downtown^[153]
• Harborview–Seahurst–Glenhaven, consisting of older residential areas south of downtown^[153]
• Holly, a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial areas on the southern edge of the city^[153]
• Lowell, a primarily residential area southeast of downtown and formerly an independent town founded in 1863^[156]
• Northwest Everett, which includes older residential areas northwest of downtown, a historic district, and the Everett jamoat kolleji talabalar shaharchasi^[157]
• Pinehurst–Beverly Park, a mix of residential and commercial areas in South Everett^[158]
• Port Gardner, which includes parts of Downtown Everett and residential areas on Rucker Hill, a historic district^[157]
• Riverside, includes residential areas northeast of downtown and a historic district^[157]
• Silver Lake, includes residential and commercial areas surrounding Silver Lake in the extreme southeastern part of the city^[159]
• South Forest Park, a residential neighborhood near downtown^[160]
• Twin Creeks, which includes the area surrounding Everett Mall and a mix of residential and commercial areas.^[161]
• Valley View–Sylvan Crest–Larimer Ridge, residential areas in southeast Everett^[162]
• View Ridge–Madison, residential areas west and southwest of Forest Park^[153]
• Westmont, a primarily multi-family housing area in the southwestern part of the city^[153]

Shahar markazi

Downtown Everett is generally defined as the area north of Pacific Avenue, east of West Marine View Drive, south of Everett Avenue, and west of Broadway.^[163] It is home to city and county government offices, high-rise office buildings, hotels, and ko'p qavatli uylar.^[116][117] The Shamollar arenasi farishtasi is on the west side of Broadway, anchoring a small tarixiy tuman on Hewitt Avenue.^[164] Several downtown streets are named for the founders of the Everett Land Company and their associates, including John D. Rockefeller, the Rucker Brothers, Charles L. Colby, and shipbuilder Aleksandr Makdugal.^[165][166] The city government approved plans in 2018 to allow for high-rise buildings as tall as 25 stories and with reduced parking requirements to encourage denser development in anticipation of a future Engil temir yo'lni bog'lang stantsiya.^[167]

Iqlim

Everett generally has an okean iqlimi similar to most of the Puget Sound lowlands, with year-round moderate temperatures influenced by marine air masses. The variation of normal weather between seasons is less extreme than inland areas, with dry summers and mild, rainy winters due to the proximity of the tinch okeani.^[168] Ostida Köppen iqlim tasnifi system, Everett is described as having a issiq-yoz O'rta er dengizi iqlimi (Csb).^[168][169] The city marks the north end of the Puget Sound Convergence Zone, a local weather phenomenon caused by colliding air currents from the region's mountain ranges that produces heavier rain and stronger winds than the rest of the region.^[170][171]

The warmest month for Everett is August, with average high temperatures of 72.7 ° F (22.6 ° C ), while January is the coolest, at an average high of 44.9 °F (7.2 °C).^[172] The highest recorded temperature at Paine Field, 100 °F (38 °C), occurred on July 29, 2009, and was tied on August 16, 2020,^[173] and the lowest, 0 °F (−18 °C), occurred on November 11, 1993.^[172] The city receives 35.71 inches (907 mm) of annual rainfall, which mostly falls from October to March and peaks in December.^[168][172] Everett rarely receives significant snowfall and its highest total, 26.6 inches (68 cm), occurred in 1965.^[144][172]

Iqtisodiyot

The Boeing Everett zavodi, the largest employer in Snohomish County

Everett has a workforce population of 88,146 people with 59,599 who are employed, according to a 2018 estimate from the U.S. Census Bureau.^[174] The city also had an estimated 7,335 registered businesses in 2012 providing 94,000 jobs.^[175][176] Everett's economy is centered around aerokosmik manufacturing, maritime activities, the technology sector, and the xizmat ko'rsatish sohasi.^[176] The largest employer in the city is airplane manufacturer Boeing, with 31 percent of all jobs.^[136] The company's main manufacturing plant near Paine Field is the world's largest building by volume.^[177] The local economy of Everett and Snohomish County is heavily affected by Boeing's performance, with layoffs and strikes causing downturns in other industries.^[178][179]

The city's economy in the 19th and early 20th centuries was tied to the lumber trade and maritime industries, including fishing and boat manufacturing.^[180] Everett's last remaining wood pulpa zavodi, tegishli Kimberli-Klark, shut down in April 2012 and was demolished a year later, marking the end of the lumber economy's dominance.^[90][181] The aerospace industry in Everett began growing in the late 1960s after Boeing began constructing its assembly plant at Paine Field, bringing suppliers and subcontractors to the area.^[182] Since the 1990s, the city government has encouraged economic development in other industries to add diversity, particularly in the technology sector.^[183] The Port of Everett has also developed its own industrial park in North Everett that is home to an aerospace supplier and distribution centers for Amazon va FedEx.^[184][185]

2018 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], the largest industry in Everett is manufacturing, with 18 percent of residents employed there, followed by educational services (18%), retail (12%), professional services (11%), and entertainment (11%).^[174] Electronics manufacturer Fluke Corporation (now part of To'rtinchi ) is based in Everett and has 1,000 employees in Washington state.^[186] O'yinchoqlar ishlab chiqaruvchisi Funko is also headquartered in Downtown Everett, where it has its own retail store that opened in 2017, and operates a distribution center in the city.^[187][188] Other large employers in Everett include the Providence Regional Medical Center with 4,900 employees, the U.S. Navy with 2,900 employees, and Everett Public Schools with 2,440 employees.^[136]

Approximately 28 percent of Everett workers are employed at businesses within the city limits, while 15 percent commute to Seattle.^[189] The majority of the city's employed residents (70%) commute to work in single-occupant vehicles, while 14 percent use carpools and 6 percent use jamoat transporti.^[174] Everett workplaces have employees who live across Snohomish and King counties, with 15 percent from within the city, 7 percent from Marysville, 5 percent from Seattle, and 4 percent from Lake Stevens.^[189] The changing of first shift at the Boeing facility in Everett causes a spike in traffic congestion during the mornings and early afternoons that spills out from freeways onto local streets.^[190]

The city's retailers had total sales of $2 billion in 2012 and are concentrated along two major highways, Evergreen Way and Everett Mall Way, in strip malls and standalone katta do'konlari.^[175][176] The intersection of the two corridors is home to a large auto row that developed in the 1980s after dealerships relocated from Downtown Everett.^[191] The Everett savdo markazi opened in 1974 and has over 100 stores. The mall was expanded in 2005, adding a kino teatr and a new set of stores, but has since lost two major retailers and several other tenants.^[192][193]

Eng yirik ish beruvchilar

Demografiya

Everett is the largest city in Snohomish County and the seventh largest in Washington state by population, ranking between Kent va Renton.^[196] It had a population of 103,019 at the time of the 2010 U.S. census, and an estimated population of 111,800 in 2019 counts from the state government.^[197] Shahar urban growth area has a population of 44,596 residents as of 2016^[yangilash] that are part of unincorporated Snohomish County.^[198] Everett's population grew by 47 percent from 1990 to 2000 and 13 percent from 2000 to 2010, due to annexations and increased housing development.^[199] It is projected to increase by 40,000 to 60,000 residents by 2035 as part of state-mandated growth plans.^[200][201] The city's population growth since 1990 has largely been driven by non-Caucasian racial groups, with the white majority decreasing from 92 percent in 1990 to 75 percent in 2010.^[199]

The city had 16,394 housing units in 2010, 9,181 of which were yakka tartibdagi uylar and 7,213 of which were in multi-family housing.^[202] Everett's homeownership rate is among the lowest in Washington, with 44 percent of homes occupied by their owners, and its residents have a low median income relative to the county and Seattle metropolitan area.^[203] The average monthly ijara for housing units in Everett in 2013 ranged from $700 for a studiya kvartirasi to $2,723 for a five-bedroom home.^[202]:12 The city also has several arzon uy-joy complexes that provide 2,461 units to low-income households through federal and local grants.^[202]:13

2010 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish

Dan boshlab 2010 U.S. census, there were 103,019 people, 41,312 households, and 23,282 families residing in the city. The aholi zichligi was 3,079.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,189.1/km²). There were 44,609 housing units at an average density of 1,333.6 per square mile (514.9/km²). The irqiy bo'yanish of the city was 74.6% White, 4.1% African American, 1.4% Native American, 7.8% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 6.1% from other races, and 5.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 14.2% of the population.^[3]

There were 41,312 households, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were turmush qurgan juftliklar living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.09.^[3]

The median age in the city was 34.4 years. Aholining 22,7% 18 yoshgacha bo'lganlar; 11.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.6% were from 25 to 44; 25% were from 45 to 64; and 10.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.^[3]

2000 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish

Dan boshlab 2000 yilgi AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish, there were 91,488 people, 36,325 households and 21,613 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,814.6 people per square mile (1,086.9/km²). There were 38,512 housing units at an average density of 1,184.8 per square mile (457.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56% White, 9% African American, 1.56% Native American, 10% Asian, 4% Pacific Islander, 3.13% from other races and 4.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 13% of the population.^[204]

There were 36,325 households, out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.1% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.04.^[204]

In the city, 25.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 12.3% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 years of age or older. O'rtacha yoshi 32 yosh edi. Har 100 ayolga 103,5 erkak to'g'ri kelgan. 18 yoshdan katta bo'lgan har 100 ayolga 102,8 erkak to'g'ri keladi.^[204]

The median income for a household in the city was $40,100 and the median income for a family was $46,743. Males had a median income of $35,852 versus $28,841 for females. The jon boshiga daromad for the city was $20,577. About 10.1% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the qashshoqlik chegarasi, including 16% of those under the age of 18 and 12.1% of those ages 65 and older.^[204]

Jinoyat

The Everett Police Department has 201 uniformed police officers and five unfilled positions as of 2020^[yangilash].^[205] The city had 422 zo'ravonlik bilan bog'liq jinoyatlar and 6,198 mulk jinoyati reported to law enforcement in 2015.^[206] The number of reported crimes in Everett has declined since reaching a peak in 2009–10, with 610 violent crimes and 7,672 property crimes.^[205] Everett had ranked in the top 20 percent of U.S. cities for reported crimes in reports by CQ tugmachasini bosing, which included property crimes and burglary among violent crimes.^[207] It was ranked 49th among cities in Washington for crimes per capita in a 2019 study by the National Council for Home Safety and Security.^[208]

The Everett Police Department and Snohomish County Sheriff's Office began criminal investigations against operators and employees of various bikini barista coffee stands in 2009 for violating adult entertainment laws.^[209][210] The city government passed a kiyinish qoidalari ordinance for food service workers in August 2017, but were met with a lawsuit from stand operators and employees over the constitutionality of the ordinance.^[211] The ordinance was suspended by a preliminary injunction from the U.S. District Court in December 2017, but the To'qqizinchi tuman apellyatsiya sudi ruled in favor of the city government in 2019.^[212] The city government does not plan to enforce the dress code ordinance until the lawsuit is resolved with the lifting of the preliminary injunction.^[209]

The city has a high rate of opioid abuse, ayniqsa OxyContin va geroin, fueled by cross-state drug trafficking.^[213][214] The Providence Regional Medical Center reported 655 patients with opioid overdoses from January to August 2017, while 34 percent of residents booked into the county jail tested positive for opioids.^[215] The widespread opioid use also contributed to a 65 percent rise in uysizlik in Everett from 2015 to 2017, straining local boshpanalar and supportive housing systems.^[216] The city government filed a lawsuit against OxyContin manufacturer Purdue Pharma in January 2017, claiming that the company had been grossly negligent in distributing the drug and containing its effect on Everett residents. The lawsuit also identified a drug trafficking ring based in Los Anjeles, large prescriptions by doctors to procure the drug, and direct marketing by Purdue Pharma as contributing factors to the rise in opioid cases.^[213] Everett's lawsuit was joined by complaints from other jurisdictions, including Snohomish County and the Tulalip Tribes, and was heard in the U.S. District Court of Northern Ohio.^[217]

Hukumat va siyosat

Everett is a first-class city with an organized nizom va a mer-kengash hukumat.^[218] The city's mayor and seven councilmembers are elected umuman to four-year terms in staggered elections that take place during odd-numbered years. Beginning in 2021, city councilmembers will be elected through five districts and two at-large seats.^[219] The city council meets weekly on Wednesdays and offers live television and web broadcasts via The Everett Channel.^[220] The city government is based out of the Wall Street Building in Downtown Everett, a 10-story office tower adjacent to the historic Everett City Hall —now home to the city police department and city council chambers.^[221][222]

Cassie Franklin, a former city councilmember, was elected as mayor in 2017 and is the second woman and first non-appointee to hold the office.^[223] The mayor of Everett is responsible for appointing the heads of various city departments, the city clerk, the city treasurer, the politsiya va olov chiefs, and members of service commissions and boards.^[218] The city government has 1,200 employees and an operating budget of $148.7 million for 2020.^[224][225] It provides a range of municipal services, including police, fire, shoshilinch tibbiy xizmat, public works, a uy-joy idorasi, zoning and planning, parks and recreation, and some utilities.^[136]:2[226] Everett also has a municipal court that was established in 1987 and has two judges who are elected to four-year terms.^[227] The city government runs its own jamoat transporti va kutubxona systems, which are separate from the countywide Jamoat transporti va Sno-Isle kutubxonalari.^[228]

Everett is also the okrug markazi of Snohomish County and houses several major government facilities on a campus in Downtown Everett. Talabalar shaharchasi tarkibiga quyidagilar kiradi tuman sud binosi, county jail, administrative offices, and the main precinct of the okrug sherifi.^[229][230]

At the federal level, Everett is part of the 2-kongress okrugi, Demokrat tomonidan namoyish etilgan Rik Larsen 2001 yildan beri.^[231][232] At the state level, most of the city is in the 38-chi qonunchilik okrugi alongside Marysville and the Tulalip Indian Reservation. The southern neighborhoods of the city, including Silver Lake, are part of the 21st legislative district, shared with Edmonds and Mukilteo.^[231] Everett is also part of the Snohomish okrug kengashi 's 2nd district, which also includes Mukilteo and the Tulalip Indian Reservation.^[233]

Madaniyat

San'at

The Historic Everett Theatre, opened in 1901

Everett is described as a "largely Ko'k yoqa city", but is home to a regional arts scene that includes galleries, community theaters, music, and artwork.^[234][235] The city has five major ijrochilik san'ati venues that host various groups and traveling events.^[236]

The 834-seat Historic Everett Theatre on Colby Avenue opened in 1901 and hosts community theater productions, musical groups, improvizatsiya qilingan komediya, and film screenings.^[237] The city once had a "theater district" in downtown that included the Everett, Granada, Balboa, and Roxy theaters, all opened during the early 20th century, but the district later declined with two closures in the 1950s.^[238] The Everett Theatre is the last surviving theater from the era, having been partially rebuilt following a fire in December 1923, renovated into a tripleks theater in 1979, closed in 1989, and restored to its original state beginning in 2000.^[239][240] Mintaqaviy Qishloq teatri ichida ijro etadi Issaqua and at the Everett Performing Arts Center, a city-owned facility that opened in 1993 and is also home to the Everett Chorale.^[241][242] The Village Theatre opened KidStage, a venue for young performers, in 2011 by converting a former bank branch building adjacent to the Everett Performing Arts Center.^[243] The Everett Civic Auditorium at Everett High School was completed in 1939 and is home to the Everett Philharmonic Orchestra, which was formed in 2010 by musicians from the former Everett Symphony after it ran into financial issues.^[234][244]

Shahar ommaviy san'at program is managed by the Everett Cultural Arts Commission, a citizen advisory board established in 1974 alongside a percent for art program for public projects.^[245] In addition to public art, the commission manages 16 street pianos in Downtown Everett that are painted by local artists and available for public use every August.^[246] Everett's main arts district is on a three-block section of Hoyt Avenue in downtown, which is home to the Schack Art Center and several sculptures installed in the late 2000s.^[247] The Schack Art Center opened in 2011 as a multipurpose exhibition space and artist workshop, with facilities for various mediums and housing for artists provided by San'at maydoni.^[248][249] The center was originally the Arts Council of Snohomish County and named in honor of John and Idamae Schack, longtime supporters of the organization and arts in the region;^[250] in its first year, the Schack Art Center had 265 artists on exhibit and 33,000 visitors, helping to revitalize downtown during the Katta tanazzul.^[251][252] The Everett area has attracted artists and musicians from Seattle due to its relative affordability and incentives from the city government.^[253][254]

Events and tourism

The city hosts several annual events and festivals, usually during the summer months. The city's waterfront hosts an annual parade and fişek display on Mustaqillik kuni.^[255] Everett has hosted a downtown kolbasa and street festival annually in September since 1977.^[256] Several annual festivals were established in the 1990s, including a kinofestivali fevralda,^[257] the Cruzin' to Colby klassik avtomobil show in May,^[258] the Sorticulture garden festival in June,^[259] and the Fresh Paint badiiy shou avgust oyida.^[260] The city's largest annual summer festival, the Salty Sea Days, was established in 1970 and included a parade, hydroplane races, a classic auto show, and other events. It was originally subsidized using city lodging taxes until 2003, and shut down three years later.^[261][262]

The Everett Dehqonlar bozori began in 1994 and operates on Sundays from May to October with 200 vendors and about 5,000 weekly visitors.^[263] It was originally located at the Port of Everett but moved in 2019 to Wetmore Avenue in downtown because of parking and accessibility issues at the waterfront site.^[264][265] The farmers market also operates popup bozorlar during the off-season and a Wednesday market at Everett Station during the summer.^[266] The waterfront remains home to a summer konsert series that has been staged annually since 1991.^[267]

Everett's government and the Everett Downtown Association have also launched tourism initiatives that have created new events and promotional branding for Everett.^[268] The city government launched a logotip design contest in 2014 that had 850 entries and 5,700 votes from local residents.^[269] The winning design was later withdrawn due to its similarity to the logo of financial services company Envestnet and was replaced by a new brand design in 2019.^[270][271] A hunarmandchilik pivosi festival was established in 2012 by the Washington Beer Commission and was later renamed to the Upper Left Beerfest in 2017 after the city government took over operations.^[272] The Fisherman's Village Music Festival, established in 2014, takes place annually over a three-day weekend in May at four stages in Downtown Everett. The music festival includes performances from 50 local and national artists as well as art exhibitions.^[273][274]

The Everett area has several major tourist attractions, particularly those themed around aviation. The Future of Flight Aviation Center at Paine Field, owned by the county government and operated by Boeing, has several aviation exhibits and includes a tour of the Boeing assembly plant. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Snohomish County, with 495,000 visitors in 2017.^[275] The Uchish merosi va jangovar zirh muzeyi opened in 2008 at a renovated Paine Field hangar and houses a collection of restored 20th century military planes and vehicles.^[276] The Bolalar muzeyini tasavvur qiling opened in 2004 at a renovated bank building in Downtown Everett after relocating from Marysville. It has interactive exhibits designed to teach children about local history, science, and the arts.^[277][278]

OAV

The Everett Herald is the city's daily newspaper, providing local and national news for 40,000 subscribers in Snohomish County. It began publication on February 11, 1901, emerging as the city's lone daily newspaper from a field of three competitors established in the early 1890s, including the Everett News, Everett Timesva Everett Tribune.^[279] The newspaper remained under local ownership until it was purchased by Washington Post kompaniyasi in 1978 and it was sold to Ovozli nashr 2013 yilda.^[279][280] The Xabarchi launched its online website on January 5, 1997, the monthly Herald Business Journal 1998 yilda,^[281] and began publishing a weekly Spanish-language newspaper, La Raza del Noroeste, in April 2006.^[282][283] My Everett News is an independent online news outlet for Everett that was established in 2011 and is affiliated with Sietl Tayms.^[284]

Shahar Seattle–Tacoma media market, ranked 13th among U.S. metro areas, which includes several major television and radio stations.^[285] KONG-TV, a Seattle-based broadcast channel that is affiliated with KING-TV, has been licensed to Everett sine 1984 and debuted in 1997.^[286] The City of Everett also runs The Everett Channel (formerly Everett TV), a hukumatga qarashli televizor station that broadcasts local events, city meetings, and special programming.^[287][288] Everett itself has four radio stations.^[289] The Skotdal family owns two stations in Everett that share facilities with the Everett Post: KRKO-AM, which began broadcasting in 1922 and primary plays klassik xitlar along with local sports;^[290] va KKXA-AM, a country music station launched in 2011.^[291][292] KSER-FM mustaqil jamoat radiosi station founded in 1991 to serve Snohomish County, carrying local news, music programming, and nationally syndicated news.^[293] Everett is also the home to KWYZ-AM (Radio Hankook), a Koreys tili news and entertainment station that launched in 1997 and is broadcast from Federal yo'l.^[294][295]

Kutubxonalar

The Everett jamoat kutubxonasi in Downtown Everett, built in 1934 and renovated in 1991

The Everett jamoat kutubxonasi system has two locations with 258,133 total items and serves 45,205 registered members in the city and surrounding communities as of 2018^[yangilash].^[296] The library was founded in 1894 and moved into a permanent building in 1905. The current downtown library opened in 1934 and was expanded in 1991;^[297] a branch library in South Everett opened in 1985 and was renovated in 2019.^[298] 2017 yilda, Sno-Isle kutubxonalari, the countywide library system, opened a demonstration branch at a strip mall in South Everett to serve the Mariner area.^[299]

Tarixiy saqlash

Everett is home to 14 properties listed on the Tarixiy joylarning milliy reestri.^[300] The city maintains its own register of historic places that began in 1987 and has 35 listed properties.^[301] A non-profit preservation group, Historic Everett, was founded in 2002 and hosts educational events and tours of the city.^[301]

In addition to historic properties, the city has several designated tarixiy tumanlar: Hewitt Avenue Historic District in Downtown Everett; The Rucker Hill Historic District; va Swalwell Block. Bir nechta historic overlay districts are designated by the city government, including the Riverside Overlay, the Norton–Grand Overlay, and the Rucker–Grand Overlay, which includes the home of the former U.S. Senator Genri M. Jekson.^[300][302] Several properties within the historic districts have undergone renovation and restoration work in the 21st century to preserve their historic value, partially in response to the demolition of other buildings for new construction.^[303]

The Everett Museum of History was established in 1953 as a countywide historical association and maintained its own museum until 2007. The organization's collections were then moved to several buildings for storage, including the former Everett Carnegie Library and part of the Everett Mall, while a permanent location was sought.^[304] A new museum at the former downtown offices of the Everett Herald is planned to open in 2021, using donated funds to purchase and renovate the building.^[305][306]

Sport

The Shamollar arenasi farishtasi, opened in 2003 for the Everett Silvertips and other teams

Everett is home to two sports venues that are used by professional kichik liga teams and for other events.^[307] The Shamollar arenasi farishtasi, an indoor arena in downtown which seats 8,149, is home to the Everett Silvertips ning G'arbiy xokkey ligasi.^[308] It opened in 2003 at a cost of $83 million and includes a community ice rink and a convention center for use by other events.^[113] The arena has hosted basketball games for the Sietldagi bo'ron ning WNBA,^[309] indoor tennis events including the 2020 yilgi Fed Kubogi,^[310] ning ikkita nashri Skate America figure skating championships in 2008 and 2018.^[311] The Everett AquaSox (formerly the Giants) are part of the Shimoli-g'arbiy ligasi and play at Funko Field, a 3,682-seat baseball stadium that is part of the Everett yodgorlik stadioni murakkab.^[312] The Memorial Stadium complex was built in 1947 and includes a 12,000-seat football and track stadium that is used by the city's various high school teams.^[313][314]

The city formerly had additional indoor sports teams who played in minor leagues: the Snohomish County Explosion, which played from 2007 to 2010 in the defunct Xalqaro basketbol ligasi va keyinroq National Athletic Basketball League;^[315] The Everett Xoks ning Yopiq inshootlardagi futbol milliy ligasi va AF2, who folded in 2007;^[316] The Everett Raptors ning Yopiq futbol ligasi, who played for one season in 2012;^[317] va Vashington yashirincha ning Milliy Lakros Ligasi, who moved to British Columbia in 2014.^[318]

Everett has also hosted several minor league soccer teams, including the Everett BigFoot of the third-division USISL Pro-ligasi, who began play in 1995 and moved to G'arbiy Sietl 1997 yilda.^[319][320] The North Sound SeaWolves ning USL Premer-ligasi da o'ynashni boshladi Mariner o'rta maktabi in 2011 and moved to Edmonds keyingi mavsum.^[321] Everett Jets FC are an amateur team in the Evergreen Premer-liga who are set to begin their inaugural season in 2020 at Memorial Stadium.^[322]

Bog'lar va dam olish

Grand Avenue Park in northwestern Everett

Everett has more than 40 bog'lar, yo'llar, golf maydonchalari va bolalar maydonchalari maintained by the city government's Parks and Recreation Department.^[325] The department manages a total of 693 acres (280 ha) of land, with most areas set aside for nature konservatsiya and others developed for use by residents and visitors.^[326] The department also organizes recreational activities at city parks and throughout the city, including sports leagues, suzish lessons, hiking trips, and classes on pishirish va bog'dorchilik.^[327][328]

The city's first park, now known as Clark Park, was established in 1894 and functioned as a shahar maydoni with regular concerts and protests until its stend was demolished in 1979.^[329] The largest park in Everett, Forest Park, was acquired in late 1894 and was left largely undeveloped until the 1930s.^[330] The parks system includes several facilities with sport maydonchalari and courts, including Garfield Park, Kasch Park, Henry M. Jackson Park, and Phil Johnson Ballfields.^[326] The city operates two public golf courses at American Legion Memorial Park (opened in 1934) and Walter E. Hall Park (opened in 1972).^[331] A private golf course, the Everett Golf & Country Club, was established in 1910 on 66 acres (27 ha) south of downtown.^[332]

The municipal parks system includes several miles of public shoreline access at Howarth Park on Port Gardner Bay, Rotary Park and Langus Riverfront Park on the Snohomish River, and Thornton A. Sullivan Park on Silver Lake.^[333] The shoreline parks have public sohillar va boat launches for recreational boating.^[326] The Port of Everett has a large public Marina and its own boat launch at 10th Street that also serves a ferry to Jetty Island.^[334][335] The state and county governments also maintain their own parks in the Everett area, including the jointly maintained Spencer Island Regional Park.^[326][336] The city government is also responsible for maintaining a section of the Shaharlararo iz, which connects Everett to Lynnwood, Mountlake teras, Sohil chizig'i, and Seattle.^[68][337] North Everett is ringed by the Mill Town Trail, a six-mile (9.7 km) multi-use pathway with interpretive signs to commemorate the city's industrial history.^[180]

Major parks

Forest Park, located southwest of Downtown Everett, is the largest park in the city system at 197 acres (80 ha).^[326]:52 The park is situated along Pigeon Creek, with recreational facilities on a hilltop overlooking the ravine and several miles of hiking trails. It was acquired by the city in 1894 and named Forest Park in 1913. A public hayvonot bog'i was established at Forest Park in 1914 by parks director Oden Hall, who collected animals through trades and gifts from other zoos and traveling circuses. The zookeeper position was eliminated in 1958 and the zoo was demolished in 1962 after three obligatsiyalar chiqarilishi to upgrade the facilities failed.^[330][338] Forest Park's main facilities were built during the 1930s by the Works Progress Administration, including the Floral Hall, playgrounds, terrace hillsides, and picnic shelters.^[70] A temporary public suzish havzasi was opened at Forest Park in 1975 and moved into a permanent structure in 1984.^[339] Major renovations of the facilities in the park were completed in 1997 and 2020.^[340]

The largest park in North Everett is American Legion Memorial Park, a 140-acre (57 ha) open space on the peninsula's northwest bluff at the site of a former Snohomish village and smelter.^[341] The majority of the park is occupied by a golf course that was built by the Amerika legioni and transferred to the city government alongside the rest of the park in 1935.^[331] The Evergreen Arboretum was built in 1963 at the northwest edge of the golf course, alongside a picnic shelter and the county's history museum.^[341] A manzarali nuqtai nazar on the park grounds with views of the Olympic Mountains was named Hibulb Lookout in 2014, commemorating the historic Snohomish village at the site.^[342]

Jetty Island bu sun'iy orol in Port Gardner Bay that is home to sandy beaches and protected wildlife habitats. The two-mile (3.2 km) island was formed from dredging of the Snohomish River in the early 20th century and acquired by the Port of Everett in 1929.^[343] The city began operating a seasonal ferry between the island and a waterfront parking area in 1985; the ferry now runs from July to September, serving 50,000 visitors annually.^[344][345] Jetty Island is home to more than 115 identified bird species, salmon habitats, and mollusks.^[344][346]

Ta'lim

Everett o'rta maktabi (part of Everett Public Schools)

The city's public education system is managed by Everett Public Schools (officially the Everett School District), which has 26 schools, 2,000 staff members, and an enrollment of 20,000 students.^[347][348] The school district is managed by a five-member elected taxta and covers 52 square miles (130 km²), including most of Everett, the city of Mill Creek, va biriktirilmagan maydoni Kumush archa.^[349][350] Everettning janubiy va g'arbiy mahallalariga Mukilteo maktab tumani, shuningdek, o'zining o'rta maktabiga ega (Mariner ) hududda.^[351]

Everett davlat maktablarida uchta o'rta maktab o'quv yurtlari mavjud: Everett o'rta maktabi shahar yaqinida, Kaskad o'rta maktabi yaqinidagi kazino burchagi va Genri Jekson o'rta maktabi Mill Krikda.^[352] Maktab tumani 2016 yilda yuqori ko'rsatkichlari bilan tan olingan Bitiruv to'rt yillik talabalar uchun 90 foiz va besh yillik talabalar uchun 94,5 foiz stavkalar.^[348] 220 million dollar sarflanishi rejalashtirilgan to'rtinchi o'rta maktab talabalar shaharchasi a bog'lanish o'lchovi 2018 yil fevral oyida saylovchilar tomonidan rad etildi, natijada mavjud maktablar uchun chegara o'zgarishi yuz berdi.^[352][353] Maktab tumanida ham beshta mavjud o'rta maktablar va 18 boshlang'ich maktablari Everett va Mill Krikda.^[354][355] Shaharda ikkitasi yashaydi muqobil maktablar: Everett davlat maktablari tomonidan boshqariladigan Sequoia o'rta maktabi,^[356] va Mukilteo maktab okrugi tomonidan boshqariladigan ACES o'rta maktabi.^[357]

Everett hududida ham bir nechta odamlar yashaydi xususiy maktab diniy tashkilotlar va mustaqil o'qituvchilar tomonidan boshqariladigan tizimlar, shu jumladan tuman atrofidagi yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatadigan tizimlar. Graflikdagi eng katta xususiy o'rta maktab Arxiepiskop Merfi o'rta maktabi, Everett janubi-sharqidagi katolik maktabi, 500 o'quvchi tahsil olgan.^[358] Boshqa yirik xususiy diniy maktablarga quyidagilar kiradi Everett xristian maktabi, Sidar Park xristian maktabi va Northshore nasroniy akademiyasi.^[359]

Oliy ma'lumot

Everett jamoat kolleji (EvCC) - ikki yillik jamoat jamoat kolleji Snohomish okrugidan 19000 talaba va jami 463 o'qituvchi ro'yxatdan o'tgan.^[360][361] Kollejning asosiy kampusi Shimoliy Everettda Legion Memorial Golf maydonining janubiy tomonida joylashgan.^[362] U 1941 yilda sobiq shahar markazidagi boshlang'ich maktabda tashkil topgan va 1958 yilda Shimoliy Everett joylashgan joyga ko'chib o'tgan va u erda bir necha bor kengaygan.^[363][364]

Everett atrofidagi fuqarolar va biznes rahbarlari 1990-yillarda Snohomish, Island va Skagit okruglariga xizmat ko'rsatishni mavjud davlat kollejining filialiga taklif qilib, to'rt yillik kollej uchun shtat qonunchilik organlarini qabul qilishni boshladi.^[365] Sayt Bothell o'rniga a uchun tanlangan shimoliy filiallar shaharchasi uchun Vashington universiteti (UW), ammo uning talabalarining atigi 27 foizi Snohomish okrugidan bo'lgan.^[366][367] 2007 yilda shtat qonun chiqaruvchisi Snohomish okrugidagi UW filiali kampusi va Everett stantsiyasi yaqinidagi sayt uchun rejalashtirish mablag'larini vakolat berdi, Stivens ko'li va Merisvildagi nomzodlar qatorida finalist deb topildi.^[362][368] The filiallar shaharchasi loyihasi shtat qonun chiqaruvchisi tomonidan 2008 yilda ta'lim tizimidagi mablag 'etishmasligi sharoitida to'xtatilgan.^[369]

Vashington shtati Everett universiteti 2017 yilda WSU filial kampusi sifatida ochilgan va Shimoliy Everettdagi EvCC kampusiga qo'shni.^[370] Filiallar shaharchasi UW taklifining o'rnini bosuvchi sifatida ishlab chiqilgan va WSU-ni egallab olishni o'z ichiga olgan Shimoliy Puget Ovoz universiteti markazi, EvCC-da muqobil darajalar dasturi, 2014 yilda.^[362][371] EvCC talabalar shaharchasida shuningdek filiali joylashgan G'arbiy Vashington universiteti, u 1986 yilda tashkil etilgan.^[372][373]

Everettda bir nechta xususiy va ixtisoslashtirilgan kollejlar, shu jumladan Shahar universiteti va Everest kolleji Everett savdo markazi yaqinida.^[374][375] Shaharda filial filiallari ham mavjud Embri-Riddle aviatsiya universiteti Boeing yig'ish zavodi yaqinida va Kolumbiya kolleji Everett dengiz stantsiyasida.^[376][377] Everettning ikkita asosiy Lyuteran cherkovlar 20-asrning boshlarida Betaniya kolleji va Kolumbiya kollejida qisqa muddatli bir juft xususiy kollejni boshqargan.^[363] Genri Kogsvell kolleji, xususiy muassasa, 1996 yilda Kirklanddan Everettga ko'chib o'tgan va 2006 yilda yopilgan.^[378][379] 2010-yillarda, Bryman kolleji va Trinity Lyuteran kolleji ikkalasi ham Everett kampuslarini yopdilar.^[380]

Infratuzilma

Transport

Everett stantsiyasi, shahar Amtrak va Shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l mahalliy va tezyurar avtobuslarga xizmat ko'rsatadigan stantsiya

Shahar ikkiga bo'lingan Davlatlararo 5 (I-5), Everettni Sietl bilan bog'laydigan yirik shimoliy-janubiy avtomagistral Vankuver, Britaniya Kolumbiyasi. I-5 ning Everett-Sietl qismi Qo'shma Shtatlarda qatnov soatlari davomida eng ko'p tirband bo'lganlardan biri sifatida baholanib, o'rtacha 94 mil (39 km) yurish va Janubiy Everettda 182000 kunlik transport vositalari.^[112] Shaharda shaharlararo aloqalarga ega bo'lgan bir nechta yirik magistral yo'llar, shu jumladan AQSh 2-marshrut ga Wenatchee Stivens dovoni orqali; Davlat marshruti 99 Everett savdo markazidan Sietlgacha; Davlat yo'nalishi 526 Mukilteoga; Davlat yo'nalishi 527 Everett savdo markazidan Mill Krikgacha; va Davlat yo'li 529 qirg'oqdan Marysvillgacha.^[141]

Everettda kesishgan bir nechta jamoat transporti va shaharlararo transport xizmatlari mavjud Everett stantsiyasi, 2002 yilda ochilgan multimodal poezd va avtovokzal.^[110] Stantsiyaga ikkitadan xizmat ko'rsatiladi Amtrak marshrutlar: Kaskadlar, Vankuverni Sietl bilan bog'laydigan va Portlend, Oregon; va Empire Builder, Sietldan sayohatgacha Chikago.^[381] Everett shuningdek, shimoliy terminali hisoblanadi Shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l tomonidan boshqariladigan tizim Ovozli tranzit davomida va janubda Sietlga sayohat qiladi eng yuqori soat Mukilteo va Edmondsdagi to'xtash joylari bilan.^[382] Stantsiyadan shaharlararo avtobuslar xizmat ko'rsatmoqda Greyhound chiziqlari, BoltBus va Shimoliy-g'arbiy yo'llar, bu Everettni Tinch okeanining shimoli-g'arbiy qismidagi shaharlarga bog'laydi.^[383][384] Yo'lovchi poezdlari o'zlariga tegishli treklarda ishlaydi BNSF temir yo'li, yuk tashish xizmati bilan shug'ullanadi va Shimoliy-Sharqiy Everettda yirik rilyardni saqlaydi.^[385]

Shahar tomonidan boshqariladi Everett Transit tizimi 1969 yilda tashkil etilgan bo'lib, 1893 yilda shaharda birinchi tramvay yo'nalishlarini ochgan xususiy operator o'rnini egalladi.^[386] Tuman bo'ylab Jamoat transporti Everett shahrida joylashgan tizim atrofdagi shaharlarga ulanadi va yo'lovchi avtobuslari tarmog'ini boshqaradi.^[387] Uning avtobus tez tranzit tizim, Tez, shahar bo'ylab harakatlanadigan ikkita chiziq bor: the Moviy chiziq Everett shahar markazidan 99-davlat yo'li orqali qirg'oqqa; va Yashil chiziq, bu Boeing zavodini Mill Creek va shimoliy Bothell bilan bog'laydi.^[388] Ovozli tranzit ham taqdim etadi tezkor avtobus xizmati ga Bellevue pik soatlarda va Sietl markazida har doim.^[389] Agentlik o'z faoliyatini kengaytirishni rejalashtirmoqda Engil temir yo'lni bog'lang bir qismi sifatida 2036 yilda Everett shahar markaziga xizmat Ovozli tranzit 3 2016 yilda saylovchilar tomonidan qabul qilingan reja.^[390] Everett 1910 yildan 1939 yilgacha Sietl bilan shaharlararo temir yo'l orqali bog'langan bo'lib, keyinchalik bu yo'l uchun foydalanilgan. Shaharlararo iz.^[68]

Everett aeroporti, Paine Field, Snohomish County tomonidan asosan aerokosmik korxonalar va umumiy aviatsiya uchun ishlaydi. Aeroport 1936 yilda ochilgan va 1966 yilgacha harbiy baza va tijorat aeroporti sifatida ishlatilgan bo'lib, Boeing uni yirik yig'ish zavodi uchun tanlagan.^[391] Peyn Fildga tijorat yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish xususiy kompaniya tomonidan boshqariladigan yangi terminal qurilgandan so'ng, 2019 yil 4 martda tiklandi.^[121] Eng yaqin aeroportlar Boeing-Field Sietlda va Sietl-Takoma xalqaro aeroporti janubiy King okrugida.^[121] Everett portidan xususiy yo'lovchi paromi kirish imkoniyatini beradi Shlyapa oroli egalik ovozida.^[392]

Kommunal xizmatlar

Elektr energiyasi chunki Everett tomonidan Snohomish okrugi kommunal okrugi (PUD), iste'molchiga tegishli kommunal xizmat Snohomish okrugining barcha qismlariga xizmat qiladi va elektr energiyasining 90 foizini ishlab chiqaradi gidroenergetika.^[393][394] Xususiy ish Puget Sound Energy beradi tabiiy gaz shahar aholisi va korxonalariga xizmat ko'rsatish.^[395] Shahar hukumati Rubatino bilan chiqindilarni olib tashlash va Chiqindilarni boshqarish chekka yo'l uchun axlat, qayta ishlash va hovli chiqindilari yig'ish va yo'q qilish.^[396] Everett munitsipaliteti chiqindi suv va kanalizatsiya bilan birlashtirilgan tizim bo'ron suvi davolash, asosan 233 km uzunlikdagi quvurlarni o'z ichiga oladi Everett suv ifloslanishini nazorat qilish ob'ekti Smit orolida va Snohomish daryosi deltasida bo'shaydi.^[397][398]

Everett shahri a musluk suvi Snohomish okrugining 80 foizini boshqa munitsipalitetlar bilan interlocal shartnomalar orqali ta'minlaydigan tizim va suv tumanlari.^[399][400] Tizim birinchi navbatda suvni manbaidan oladi Spada ko'li, sun'iy suv ombori Sulton daryosi tomonidan yaratilgan Culmback to'g'oni va Everettdan 25 mil (40 km) sharqda Kaskad tog'larida joylashgan. Suv a da tozalanadi filtrlash zavodi kuniga 134 million AQSh gallon (510 000 kl) quvvatga ega va odatda kuniga 50 million AQSh gali (190 000 kl) ishlov beradigan tizimning ikkinchi darajali suv manbai Chaplain ko'lida.^[401] Sulton daryosi havzasi shahar suvining asosiy manbai sifatida 1917 yildan beri foydalanib kelinmoqda va Everettga yetib borish uchun 25 millik (40 km) quvurlar tarmog'idan foydalanadi; zamonaviy Spada ko'li suv ombori 1965 yilda Everett va Snohomish County PUD bilan birgalikda egalik qilgan Culmback to'g'oni qurilishi natijasida tashkil topgan.^[60][402]

Shahar ta'minlovchi bir nechta telekommunikatsiya kompaniyalari tomonidan qoplanadi telefon, keng polosali internet va boshqa xizmatlar. Ziply tolasi (ilgari qismi Chegara aloqalari ) shahardagi eng yirik telekommunikatsion provayder hisoblanadi va o'zining eski tizimini meros qilib olgan GTE shimoli-g'arbiy va Verizon.^[403][404] Kompaniya Everettda 1981 yilda GTE uchun qurib bitkazilgan Boeing zavodi yaqinidagi binoda joylashgan.^[405] Everett mintaqasidagi boshqa yirik provayderlar orasida Comcast Xfinity, CenturyLink va To'lqinli keng tarmoqli.^[406]

Sog'liqni saqlash

Kolbining yotoqxonasidagi asl bino va asosiy minora Providence mintaqaviy tibbiyot markazi

Everett uyi Providence Everett mintaqaviy tibbiy markazi, tomonidan boshqariladigan ikkita umumiy kasalxonalar tizimi Providence sog'liqni saqlash va xizmatlari. Kasalxona tizimi 1994 yilda Everettda mavjud bo'lgan ikkita kasalxonaning birlashishi natijasida shakllangan: Everett umumiy kasalxonasi, 1894 yil yanvar oyida shaharning birinchi kasalxonasi sifatida ochilgan; va Providence kasalxonasi, 1905 yilda Everett shahri yaqinida tashkil etilgan.^[407][408] Mavjud Providence kasalxonasi Providence Pacific Campus deb o'zgartirildi, sobiq Umumiy kasalxona esa Colby Campusga aylandi, u 2011 yilda 12 qavatli tibbiy minora bilan kengaytirildi.^[128] Providence shaharchalarida jami 3300 nafar xodim va 571 ta yotoq mavjud,^[409] va a sifatida baholanadi II darajali travmatologiya markazi.^[128][410]

Shaharda bir nechta tibbiy xizmatlar mavjud klinikalar va Providence va boshqa provayderlar tomonidan boshqariladigan ixtisoslashtirilgan muassasalar. Kayzer Permanente Everett markazida besh qavatli tibbiy minoraga ega bo'lib, u erda klinikasi, maxsus xizmatlari va boshqalar mavjud Tezkor yordam klinika.^[411] Bino dastlab ochilgan Guruh salomatligi 1994 yilda Everettda uchta klinikasini birlashtirish uchun va 2020 yilda kengaytirilishi rejalashtirilgan.^[412][413] Everett klinikasi shaharda joylashgan va 320 000 bemorga xizmat ko'rsatadigan Snohomish okrugi bo'ylab tibbiyot muassasalarini boshqaradi.^[414] Tizimga 1924 yilda asos solingan va 2016 yilda sotib olingan DaVita Inc.; keyin sotildi UnitedHealth Group "s Optum bir yildan keyin.^[415] Snohomish okrugidagi nodavlat Sog'liqni saqlash markazi Everettda to'rtta tibbiy klinikani ishlaydi va asosan kam ta'minlangan va sug'urtalanmagan bemorlarga xizmat ko'rsatadi.^[416]

Taniqli odamlar

Shahar aholisi Everettitlar sifatida tanilgan.^[417] Ular orasida AQSh senatori ham bor Genri M. Jekson, Vashington gubernatorlari Roland H. Xartli va Monrad Uolgren, va AQSh Kongressi va Vashington shtati qonun chiqaruvchi organining boshqa bir nechta a'zolari.^[418] Shahar ham bir nechta ishlab chiqardi Amerika futboli Everett o'rta maktabi murabbiyi qo'l ostida murabbiylar Jim Ennis, shu jumladan Jim Lambright, Mayk Prays va Dennis Erikson.^[419][420]

Qardosh shaharlar

Everettda quyidagilar mavjud qardosh shahar munosabatlar:^[421]

• Ivakuni, Yamaguchi, Yaponiya (1962 yildan)^[422]
• Sligo, Sligo okrugi, Irlandiya^[421]
• Sovetskaya Gavan, Xabarovsk o'lkasi, Rossiya (1991 yildan beri)^[423]

Adabiyotlar