Gavin Newsom - Gavin Newsom

Gavin Newsom
Gavin Newsom tomonidan Gage Skidmore.jpg
40-chi Kaliforniya gubernatori
Taxminan ofis
2019 yil 7-yanvar
LeytenantEleni Kounalakis
OldingiJerri Braun
49-chi Kaliforniya gubernatori-leytenant
Ofisda
2011 yil 10 yanvar - 2019 yil 7 yanvar
HokimJerri Braun
OldingiAbel Maldonado
MuvaffaqiyatliEleni Kounalakis
42-chi San-Frantsisko meri
Ofisda
2004 yil 8 yanvar - 2011 yil 10 yanvar
OldingiVilli Braun
MuvaffaqiyatliEd Li
A'zosi
San-Frantsisko nozirlar kengashi
2-okrugdan
Ofisda
1997 yil 8 yanvar - 2004 yil 8 yanvar
OldingiKevin Shelli
MuvaffaqiyatliMichela Alioto-Pier
Shaxsiy ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan
Geyvin Kristofer Newsom

(1967-10-10) 1967 yil 10 oktyabr (53 yosh)
San-Fransisko, Kaliforniya, BIZ.
Siyosiy partiyaDemokratik
Turmush o'rtoqlar
​
​
(m. 2001; div 2006)​

​
(m. 2008)​
Bolalar4
QarindoshlarUilyam Newsom (ota)
Ta'limSanta-Klara universiteti (BS )
Imzo
Veb-saytHokimning veb-sayti

Geyvin Kristofer Newsom (1967 yil 10 oktyabrda tug'ilgan) - bu 40-chi bo'lgan amerikalik siyosatchi va ishbilarmon Kaliforniya gubernatori, 2019 yil yanvaridan beri xizmat qilmoqda. a'zosi Demokratik partiya, u ilgari 49-o'rinni egallagan Kaliforniya gubernatori 2011 yildan 2019 yilgacha va 42-chi sifatida San-Frantsisko meri 2004 yildan 2011 yilgacha.

Newsom ishtirok etdi Redvud o'rta maktabi va tugatgan Santa-Klara universiteti. Bitirgandan so'ng, u oilaviy do'sti bilan PlumpJack sharob do'konini tashkil etdi Gordon Getti investor sifatida. The PlumpJack guruhi vino zavodlari, restoranlar va mehmonxonalarni o'z ichiga olgan 23 ta korxonani boshqarish uchun o'sdi. Newsom o'zining siyosiy faoliyatini 1996 yilda San-Frantsisko meri bo'lganida boshladi Villi Braun uni shaharning avtoturargohi va transport harakati komissiyasida ishlashga tayinladi. Braun Newsomni bo'sh joyni to'ldirishga tayinladi Nazoratchilar kengashi keyingi yil va Newsom keyinchalik 1998, 2000 va 2002 yillarda Kengashga saylangan.[1]

2003 yilda 36 yoshida Newsom 42-chi bo'lib saylandi San-Frantsisko meri, shaharning asrdagi eng yosh meri bo'lish.[2] Newsom yilda qayta saylandi 2007 72 foiz ovoz bilan.[3][4] Newsom Kaliforniya shtatining leytenant-gubernatori etib saylandi 2010 yilda qayta saylandi 2014. U saylandi Kaliforniya gubernatori ichida 2018 yilgi saylov.

Newsom mezbonlik qildi Gavin Newsom shousi kuni Hozirgi televizor va 2013 yilgi kitobni yozgan Sitizenvill.[5]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Gavin Kristofer Nyusom Kaliforniyaning San-Frantsisko shahrida Tessa Tomas (Menzies ismli ayol) tug'ilgan va Uilyam Alfred Newsom III, davlat murojaat sud adliya va advokat Getti yog'i. U San-Frantsiskaning to'rtinchi avlodi. Newsomning onalik bobolaridan biri, Shotman Tomas Addis, sohasida kashshof olim bo'lgan nefrologiya va tibbiyot professori Stenford universiteti. Newsom musiqachining ikkinchi amakivachchasi, ikki marta olib tashlangan Joanna Newsom.[6]

Uning otasi advokat bo'lgan suvarilar va oilada uy hayvonlari kabi bitta narsa bor edi.[7]

Keyinchalik Newsom o'zining oson bolaligi yo'qligini aks ettirgan bo'lsa-da,[8] u San-Frantsiskodagi frantsuz amerikalik ikki tilli maktab Ecole Notre Dame Des Victoires-da bolalar bog'chasida va birinchi sinfda qatnashgan. Oxir-oqibat u og'irligi sababli ko'chirildi disleksiya bu hali ham unga ta'sir qiladi. Uning disleksiyasi unga yozish, imlo, o'qish va yozishni qiyinlashtirdi raqamlar bilan ishlash.[8] Maktab davomida Newsom kombinatsiyasiga tayanishi kerak edi audiokitoblar, norasmiy og'zaki ko'rsatmalar va hazm qilishlar va shu kungacha Newsom hujjatlar va hisobotlarni audio orqali talqin qilishni ma'qul ko'rmoqda.[9]

U Notre Dame des Victoires-ning uchinchi-beshinchi sinflarida qatnashdi va u erda o'qishni qayta tiklash darslariga joylashtirildi. Yilda o'rta maktab, Newsom o'ynadi basketbol va beysbol va bitirgan Redvud o'rta maktabi 1985 yilda. Newsom a otish qo'riqchisi basketbolda va beysbolda autfielder. Uning mahoratlari uni muqovada joylashtirdi Marin mustaqil jurnali.[10]

Tessa Newsom Gavin va uning singlisi Xilari Nyusom Kallanni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun uchta ishda ishlagan, u PlumpJack guruhining prezidenti, opera nomi bilan Plump Jack oilaviy do'stingiz tomonidan yaratilgan Gordon Getti. Bilan intervyuda San-Fransisko xronikasi, singlisi Rojdestvo ta'tillarini onalari ularga sovg'alar bo'lmaydi deb aytganda esladi.[10] Tessa o'z uyini tarbiyalanuvchilar uchun ochib, Newsom-ga davlat xizmatining ahamiyatini singdirdi.[10][11] Daromadini berishga moyilligi tufayli otasining moliyaviy ahvoli qisman qisqargan.[11] Newsom o'rta maktabda oilasini boqish uchun bir nechta ishlarda ishlagan.[3]

Newsom ishtirok etdi Santa-Klara universiteti qisman beysbol stipendiyasi bo'yicha, u erda 1989 yilda a B.S. yilda siyosatshunoslik. Newsom Santa Klara uchun chap qo'li edi, lekin u ikki yildan so'ng qo'lini tashladi va shu vaqtdan beri beysbolni uloqtirmadi.[12] U Alameda kvartiralarida yashagan, keyinchalik uni mehmonxonada yashash bilan taqqoslagan. Keyinchalik u o'zining bilimlari haqida mehr bilan fikr yuritdi va kredit berdi Jizvit Santa Klara yondashuvi uning pravoslavlikni so'raydigan mustaqil fikrlovchi bo'lishiga yordam berdi. Maktabda o'qiyotganda Newsom bir semestr o'tkazdi chet elda o'qish yilda Rim.[13]

Newsomning xolasi turmushga chiqdi Ron Pelosi, qaynonasi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Vakillar palatasining spikeri Nensi Pelosi.[8]

Biznes martaba

1991 yil 14 mayda Newsom va uning sarmoyadorlari PlumpJack Associates L.P kompaniyasini yaratdilar.1992 yilda guruh o'z faoliyatini boshladi PlumpJack sharob zavodi moliyaviy yordam bilan[14] uning oilaviy do'sti Gordon Getti. PlumpJack Getty tomonidan yozilgan operaning nomi edi, u Newsomning 11 ta biznesining 10 tasiga sarmoya kiritgan.[8] Getti aytdi San-Fransisko xronikasi u Newsom bilan o'g'il kabi muomala qilgani va shu munosabatlar tufayli birinchi biznesiga sarmoya kiritganligi. Gettining so'zlariga ko'ra, keyinchalik biznesga sarmoyalar "birinchisining muvaffaqiyati" tufayli bo'lgan.[8]

Newsomning hukumat bilan dastlabki o'zaro aloqalaridan biri, Newsom San-Frantsisko sog'liqni saqlash vazirligining PlumpJack sharob do'koniga lavabo o'rnatish talabiga qarshilik ko'rsatganda sodir bo'lgan. Sog'liqni saqlash boshqarmasi sharobni oziq-ovqat deb ta'kidladi va do'kon gilam bilan qoplangan sharob do'konida 27000 dollarlik lavabo o'rnatilishini talab qildi, chunki bu do'konga paspas uchun lavabo kerak. Keyinchalik Newsom rahbar etib tayinlanganda, u San-Fransisko imtihonchisi: "Aynan mana shu byurokratik bezovtalikni boshdan kechiraman."[12]

Biznes 700 dan ortiq ishchilari bo'lgan korxonaga aylandi.[10] PlumpJack Cafe Partners L.P. PlumpJack Café-ni 1993 yilda Fillmore ko'chasida ham ochgan. 1993 yildan 2000 yilgacha Newsom va uning sarmoyadorlari PlumpJack Squaw Valley Inn-ni PlumpJack kafesi (1994), sharob zavodi yilda Napa vodiysi (1995), Balboa Café Bar and Grill (1995), PlumpJack Development Fund LP (1996), MatrixFillmore Bar (1998), PlumpJack Wines shop Noe Valley filiali (1999), PlumpJackSport chakana kiyimlari (2000) va ikkinchisi. Skouu vodiysidagi Balboa kafesi (2000).[8] Newsom sarmoyalariga beshta restoran va ikkita chakana kiyim-kechak do'koni kirdi.[10] Newsomning yillik daromadi 1996 yildan 2001 yilgacha 429 ming dollardan oshgan.[8] 2002 yilda uning biznes aktsiyalari 6,9 million dollardan oshiqroq baholandi.[10] Newsom PlumpJack-ning biznes g'oyalari muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan xodimlariga har oy 50 dollarlik sovg'a sertifikatini taqdim etdi, chunki uning fikriga ko'ra, "muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchramasdan muvaffaqiyat bo'lmaydi".[12]

Newsom 2019 yilda Napa vodiysidagi siyosiy tadbirda

Newsom 2004 yilda shahar hokimi bo'lganida San-Frantsiskodagi biznesidagi ulushini sotdi. U San-Frantsisko tashqarisidagi PlumpJack kompaniyalariga egalik qildi, shu qatorda Oakvill (Kaliforniya) da joylashgan PlumpJack sharob zavodi, Angvinda (Kaliforniya) yangi PlumpJack-ga qarashli "Cade Winery" va PlumpJack Squaw Valley Inn. Hozirda u Napa okrugidagi PlumpJack sharob zavodiga ulangan Airelle Wines Inc kompaniyasining sirtdan prezidenti. Newsom 2007 yilda uning biznes manfaatlaridan 141,000 dan 251,000 dollargacha ishlagan.[15] 2006 yil fevral oyida u o'zining turar joyi uchun $ 2,350,000 to'lagan Rossiya tepaligi mahallasi, uni 2009 yil aprel oyida bozorga 3 000 000 dollarga qo'ygan.[16]

Dastlabki siyosiy martaba

1999 yilda Newsom

Newsomning birinchi siyosiy tajribasi u o'z ixtiyori bilan kelganida paydo bo'ldi Villi Braun 1995 yilda shahar hokimi lavozimidagi muvaffaqiyatli kampaniyasi. Newsom o'zining PlumpJack kafesida xususiy mablag 'yig'ishni tashkil etdi.[8] 1996 yilda Braun Newsomni to'xtash joyi va transport harakati komissiyasining bo'sh joyiga tayinladi va keyinchalik u komissiya prezidenti etib saylandi. 1997 yilda Braun uni San-Frantsisko nozirlar kengashi tomonidan bo'shatilgan joy Kevin Shelli. O'sha paytda u San-Frantsisko nazoratchilar kengashining eng yosh a'zosi bo'ldi.[17][18][19]

Newsom otasi bilan qasamyod qildi va boshqaruvdagi ish tajribasini olib borishga va'da berdi.[18] Braun Newsomni "ushbu buyuk shaharning etakchi avlodlarining bir qismi" deb atagan.[18] Newsom o'zini "ijtimoiy liberal va fiskal kuzatuvchi ".[18][19] Keyinchalik u 1998 yilda kengashning to'rt yillik muddatiga saylandi. 1999 yilda San-Frantsisko saylovchilari kengashdagi keng miqyosdagi saylovlarni avvalgi tuman tizimiga almashtirishni tanladilar va Newsom 2000 va 2002 yillarda qayta saylandi. o'z ichiga olgan ikkinchi tumanni namoyish etish Tinch okean balandliklari, Marina, Sigir ichi bo'sh, Dengiz qoyasi va San-Frantsiskoda eng yuqori daromadli respublikachilar ro'yxatiga olingan Laurel Heights.[20] 2000 yilda Newsom San-Fransisko Respublikachilar partiyasiga partiyaning tasdiqlash varag'ida bo'lish uchun 500 dollar to'lagan. U 2002 yilgi qayta saylanishida hech qanday qarshilikka duch kelmagan.

San-Frantsisko rahbari sifatida Newsom shahar islohotlarini olib borishda ishtiroki bilan jamoatchilik e'tiborini qozondi Shahar temir yo'li ("Muni").[21] U 1998 yilda qayta saylanganida tranzit chavandozlar guruhi Rescue Muni tomonidan tasdiqlangan ikkita nazoratchidan biri edi. U Muni va boshqa shahar bo'limlaridan tafsilotlarni ishlab chiqishni talab qilish uchun B taklifiga homiylik qildi mijozlarga hizmat rejalar.[8][22] Ushbu chora 56,6% ovoz bilan qabul qilindi.[23] Newsom homiylik qildi saylov byulleteni Muni qutqarish; 1999 yil noyabr oyida saylovchilar tomonidan tadbirning bir versiyasi tasdiqlangan.[21]

Shuningdek, u restoranlarning tashqi stollarida alkogolli ichimliklar bilan ta'minlanishiga, ko'chalardan ko'rinadigan tamaki reklamalarini taqiqlashiga, uy egalariga nisbatan qattiq jazo choralarini va mag'lubiyatga uchragan qarorni maqtashga yordam berdi. Kolin Pauell yoshlar dasturlari uchun pul yig'ish uchun.[21] Newsomning biznes manfaatlarini qo'llab-quvvatlashi, ba'zida uning mehnat rahbarlari bilan munosabatlarini yomonlashtirdi.[21]

Newsom rahbar bo'lib ishlagan paytida u qo'llab-quvvatladi uy-joy loyihalari San-Frantsiskoda uy-joy mulkdorlari va arzon uy-joylarni ko'paytirish uchun davlat-xususiy sheriklik orqali.[24] U HOPE-ni qo'llab-quvvatladi, bu muvaffaqiyatsiz mahalliy saylov byulleteni, agar bino ichidagi ijarachilarning ma'lum bir qismi o'z birliklarini sotib olayotgan bo'lsa, kondom-konversiya stavkasini oshirishga imkon beradi. Shahar hokimligiga nomzod sifatida u 15 mingta yangi ish o'rinlarini yaratish uchun 10 ming yangi uy-joy qurishni qo'llab-quvvatladi.[24]

Nazoratchi sifatida Newsom o'z markazida saylovchilar tashabbusi bilan chiqdi Naqd pul emas (N chorasi), bu davlatning umumiy yordam dasturining to'g'ridan-to'g'ri pul yordami o'rniga parvarish qilish, qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan uy-joy, giyohvand moddalarni davolash va uysizlar uchun o'zini tutish sog'liqni saqlash mutaxassislaridan yordam taklif qildi.[24] Ko'plab uysizlar huquqlarini himoya qiluvchilar ushbu tashabbusga qarshi norozilik bildirishdi. "Progressivlar va demokratlar, rohibalar va ruhoniylar, uysizlar himoyachilari va uysizlar g'azablandilar". Newsom xabariga ko'ra.[25] Muvaffaqiyatli o'tkazilgan saylov byulleteni uning siyosiy obro'sini oshirdi va ko'ngillilar, donorlar va saylov kampaniyasi xodimlarini 2003 yilda merlikka etakchi da'vogarga aylantirishga yordam berdi.[8][26][27] Dastur boshlanganidan to'rt yil o'tgach va 2008 yilda chiqarilgan shahar auditida dastur asosan muvaffaqiyatli deb baholandi.[28]

San-Frantsisko meri

2003 yilgi saylov

Asosiy maqola: 2003 yil San-Frantsisko meri saylovi

Newsom 2003 yil 4-noyabrdagi umumiy saylovlarda to'qqiz kishilik maydonda birinchi o'rinni egalladi. Newsom Yashillar partiyasi nomzodiga 41,9 foiz ovoz berdi Mett Gonsales Ovoz berishning birinchi bosqichida 19,6, ammo 9-dekabr kuni bo'lib o'tgan ikkinchi bosqichda shaharning ko'plab ilg'or guruhlari Gonsales atrofida birlashganda yaqinroq musobaqaga duch keldi.[26] Musobaqada Gonsalesga qarshi hujumlar bo'lib o'tdi Ralf Nader 2000 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlarida va 2000 yilda respublikachilarning shifer pochtachisiga 500 dollar qo'shganligi uchun Newsomga qarshi hujumlar.[29][30] Demokratik rahbariyat, 2000 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlarida mag'lubiyatga uchraganidan so'ng, San-Frantsiskoni Demokratik tayanch sifatida kuchaytirishi kerakligini sezdi 2003 yilgi saylovni qaytarib olish ga Arnold Shvartsenegger.[30] Demokratik partiyaning milliy arboblari, shu jumladan Bill Klinton, Al Gor va Jessi Jekson, Newsom nomidan kampaniya o'tkazdi.[30][31] Beshta nazoratchi Gonsalesni, Newsom esa Villi Braunni qo'llab-quvvatladi.[26][27]

Newsom g'olib bo'ldi qochish Gonsalesning 53 foiz ovozini 47 foizga to'plagan va 11000 ovoz bilan g'olib chiqqan.[26] U ishbilarmon-markazchi Demokrat va a o'rtacha San-Frantsisko siyosatida; ba'zi raqiblari uni chaqirishdi konservativ.[26][30] Newsom uning a ekanligini da'vo qildi markazchi ichida Dianne Faynshteyn mog'or.[24][32] U "buyuk shaharlar, ajoyib g'oyalar" shiori ostida harakat qildi va 21 dan ortiq siyosiy hujjatlarni taqdim etdi.[27] U San-Frantsiskoda uysizlar masalasida ishlashni davom ettirishga va'da berdi.[26]

Newsom 2004 yil 3-yanvarda shahar meri lavozimiga qasamyod qildi. U shahar siyosiy fraksiyalarini birdamlikka chaqirdi va davlat maktablari muammolarini hal qilishga va'da berdi, teshiklar va arzon uy-joy.[33] Newsom, u "eng qiyin muammolarni ham hal qilishdan qo'rqmaydigan" "boshqa turdagi rahbar" ekanligini aytdi.[34]

2007 yilgi saylov

Asosiy maqola: 2007 yil San-Frantsisko meri saylovi

San-Frantsisko taraqqiyparvar jamoati Newsomga qarshi kuchli kampaniya o'tkazish uchun nomzod topishga urindi. Nazoratchilar Ross Mirkarimi va Kris Deyli Newsomga qarshi kurashishni o'ylagan, ammo ikkalasi ham rad etishgan. Mett Gonsales ham Newsomga qarshi chiqmaslikka qaror qildi.[35]

2007 yil 10-avgustda hujjatlarni topshirish muddati tugagach, San-Frantsisko atrofidagi munozaralar Newsomning ikkinchi davri haqida gaplashishga o'tdi. U saylovda Jorj Devisni o'z ichiga olgan 13 nomzod tomonidan e'tirozga uchradi, a yalang'och faol va Maykl Pauers, Power Exchange seks-klubi egasi.[36] Konservativ sobiq rahbar Toni Xoll qo'llab-quvvatlanmagani sababli sentyabr oyining boshiga kelib o'z lavozimidan voz kechdi.[37]

The San-Fransisko xronikasi 2007 yil avgustda Newsom "qayta saylanish uchun jiddiy tahdid" ga duch kelmaganligini e'lon qildi va avgust oyining boshiga qadar o'zining saylovoldi tashviqoti uchun 1,6 million dollar yig'di.[38] U 2007 yil 6-noyabrda qayta saylanishda 72% dan ortiq ovoz bilan g'olib bo'ldi.[4] Ikkinchi muddatga ish boshlagandan so'ng, Newsom atrof-muhit, uysizlar, sog'liqni saqlash, ta'lim, uy-joy va qayta qurish masalalariga e'tibor berishga va'da berdi San-Fransisko umumiy kasalxonasi.[39][40]

Shahar hokimligi

Asosiy maqola: Gavin Newsom meriyasi
Newsom at Stenford universiteti 2008 yilda
Gavin Newsom 2008 yilgi Web 2.0 sammitida

Shahar hokimi sifatida Newsom e'tiborni rivojlanish loyihalariga qaratdi Hunters Point va Treasure Island.

2004 yilda u San-Frantsisko shahar okrugi kotibini nashrga yo'naltirish bilan milliy e'tiborni qozondi nikoh litsenziyalar bir jinsli juftliklar buzilishi bilan davlat qonuni 2000 yilda qabul qilingan.[41]

Gavin Newsom, San-Frantsisko, 1999 yil

Supervizor sifatida homiylik qilgan "Care Not Cash" ni amalga oshirish 2004 yil 1 iyulda boshlangan edi. Uning doirasida yana 5000 ta uysizlarga shaharda doimiy boshpana berildi. 2007 yilga kelib, qariyb 2000 kishi doimiy uy-joy bilan ta'minlandi. Surunkali uysizlikni tugatish uchun Newsom tomonidan boshlangan boshqa dasturlarga San-Frantsiskoda uysizlar bilan ishlash guruhi (SF HOT) va Project Homeless Connect (PHC) kiradi.

2004 yil 27 oktyabrda mehmonxonalar ishchilarining o'nlab San-Frantsisko mehmonxonalarida ish tashlashi paytida Newsom qo'shildi BU YERDA BIRLASHING a. kasaba uyushma a'zolari piket chizig'i oldida Vestin Sent-Frensis mehmonxonasi. U shahar mehmonxonalar ishchilar bilan shartnoma tuzishga rozi bo'lmaguncha, hech qanday shahar tadbirlariga homiylik qilmasdan, mehmonxonalarni boykot qilishiga va'da berdi. Shartnoma bo'yicha nizo 2006 yil sentyabr oyida hal qilingan.[42]

2005 yilda Newsom shtatdagi qonunni Kaliforniya shtatidagi jamoalarga itlarning ayrim nasllarini cheklovchi siyosat tuzishga ruxsat berishini talab qildi.[43]

U ta'sis etuvchi qonunga imzo chekdi Sog'lom San-Frantsisko 2007 yilda shahar aholisini ta'minlash universal sog'liqni saqlash.

2009 yilda Newsom San-Frantsisko shahrini amalga oshirolmagani uchun San-Frantsisko Demokratik partiyasining hujumiga uchradi muqaddas shahar shahar yordam bermasligi kerak bo'lgan qoidalar AQSh immigratsiya va bojxona nazorati.[44]

Xuddi shu yili Newsom shahar hokimi bilan birga "Sog'lom jamoalar uchun etakchilik" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi Maykl Bloomberg Nyu-York shahri va boshqa uchta davlat amaldorlari, sog'lom oziq-ovqat va jismoniy mashqlar variantlarini bolalar va oilalar uchun yanada qulayroq qilish majburiyatini olganligi uchun.[45] 2008 yilda u mintaqaviy oziq-ovqatni rivojlantirish va sog'lom arzon oziq-ovqat mahsulotlaridan foydalanish imkoniyatlarini oshirish yo'llarini o'rganish uchun shahar qishloq davra suhbatini o'tkazdi;[46] va u "Better Streets" dasturi uchun federal va mahalliy mablag'lardan 8 million dollar ajratdi,[47] bu sog'liqni saqlash istiqbollarining shaharsozlik jarayonlariga to'liq qo'shilishini ta'minlaydi. U menyu yorlig'i to'g'risidagi qonunni imzoladi va zanjirli restoranlarning ovqatlanish ma'lumotlarini menyusiga bosib chiqarishni talab qildi.[48]

2010 yilda Newsom tahlillari asosida Samepoint tomonidan "Amerikaning eng ijtimoiy meri" deb topildi ijtimoiy tarmoqlar Qo'shma Shtatlarning 100 ta eng yirik shaharlari merlarining profillari.[49]

Bir jinsli nikoh

2004 yilda Newsom San-Frantsisko shahar okrugi kotibini nashrga yo'naltirganda milliy e'tiborni qozondi nikoh litsenziyalar bir jinsli juftliklar, davlat qonunlarini buzgan holda.[41] 2004 yil avgust oyida Kaliforniya Oliy sudi Newsom tomonidan berilgan nikohlarni bekor qildi, chunki ular davlat qonunlariga ziddir. Shunday bo'lsa-da, Newsomning kutilmagan harakati milliy e'tiborni muammolarga olib keldi geylar nikohi, San-Frantsiskodagi Newsom va LGBTQ + hamjamiyatiga siyosiy yordamni kuchaytirmoqda.[3][11][50]

2008 yilgi saylovlar davomida Newsom taniqli va ashaddiy raqib bo'lgan Taklif 8, teskari yo'naltirish uchun byulleten tashabbusi Kaliforniya Oliy sudi bir jinsli nikohga konstitutsiyaviy huquq mavjudligini qaror qilish.[51] 8-taklifning tarafdorlari "Newsom" ning bir jinsli nikohga oid nutqida quyidagilarni yozib olgan reklama roliklarini e'lon qilishdi: "Bu eshik hozir juda ochiq. Istasangiz ham, xohlamasangiz ham shunday bo'ladi".[52] Ba'zi kuzatuvchilar ovoz berishlar reklama roligi e'lon qilingandan so'ng 8-taklif foydasiga o'zgarganini ta'kidlashdi; bu esa, o'z navbatida, Newsom tuzatishning qabul qilinishida beixtiyor rol o'ynagan degan taxminlarga sabab bo'ldi.[52][53][54][55]

Kaliforniya gubernatori-leytenant

Shuningdek qarang: 2010 yil Kaliforniya gubernatori saylovi va 2014 yil Kaliforniya gubernatoriga saylov
Gavin Newsom Jerri Braunning saylovoldi tadbirida, 2010 yil

2009 yil aprel oyida Newsom 2010 yilgi saylovlarda Kaliforniya gubernatori lavozimiga nomzodini qo'yishni e'lon qildi. 2009 yil sentyabr oyida u sobiq prezident tomonidan tasdiqlangan Bill Klinton. Saylovoldi kampaniyasi davomida Newsom, agar u saylansa, uni "Gavinator" deb atashni xohlashini ta'kidladi (gubernator Arnold Shvartseneggerning taxallusi "The The Boshqaruvchi "). Biroq, saylovoldi tashviqoti davomida Newsom kam sonli so'rovnomalarga duch keldi va Demokratik partiyadan oldingi o'rinni egallab oldi Jerri Braun aksariyat so'rovnomalarda 20 balldan ko'proq.[56][57][58][59][60][61] 2009 yil oktyabr oyida Newsom gubernatorlik poygasidan chiqib ketdi.[62][63][64]

2010 yil fevral oyida Newsom ishga kirish uchun dastlabki hujjatlarni rasmiylashtirdi leytenant gubernator,[65] va mart oyida o'z nomzodini rasman e'lon qildi.[66] U iyun oyida Demokratik nomzodini oldi,[67] va 2010 yil 2-noyabrda bo'lib o'tgan saylovlarda g'olib chiqdi.[68] Newsom 2011 yil 10 yanvarda gubernator-leytenant lavozimiga qasamyod qildi. Bir haftalik kechikish San-Frantsisko meri lavozimidan ketguncha uning o'rnini egallashini ta'minlash edi. Edvin M. Li, shahar ma'muri, Newsom leytenant-gubernator sifatida qasamyod qabul qilgan kunning ertasiga ish boshladi. 2012 yil may oyida u debyut qildi Hozirgi televizor mezbon sifatida Gavin Newsom shousi. Xuddi shu oyda Newsom salbiy sharhlar uchun tanqidga uchradi Sakramento, shtat poytaxtini "zerikarli" deb atagan va u erda haftada bir marta borligini izohlagan, aks holda u erda bo'lish uchun "sabab yo'q".[69]

2014 yil 4-noyabrda Nyusom respublikachi Ron Nehringni 57,2% ovoz bilan mag'lub etib, Kaliforniyaning leytenant-gubernatori etib qayta saylandi. Uning ikkinchi muddati 2015 yil 5 yanvarda boshlangan.[70]

Davlat boshqaruvidagi texnologiyalar

Newsom o'zining birinchi kitobini chiqardi, Citizenville: Qanday qilib shahar maydonini raqamli qabul qilish va hukumatni qayta kashf etish, 2013 yil 7 fevralda.[71][72] Kitobda Gov 2.0 Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab sodir bo'layotgan harakat. Chiqarilgandan so'ng Newsom kompaniyasi bilan ishlashni boshladi Jamiyat manfaatlari uchun Axborot texnologiyalarini tadqiq etish markazi da Berkli Kaliforniya universiteti, ustida Kaliforniya hisobot kartasi (CRC).[73] CRC - bu shtat rezidentlariga o'z vaqtida oltita masala bo'yicha o'z davlatlarini "baholash" imkoniyatini beruvchi mobil telefonlar uchun optimallashtirilgan platformadir. CRC Newsom's-da taqdim etilgan g'oyalarni misol qilib keltiradi Sitizenvill, texnologiya orqali jamoat ishlarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri hukumat ishlariga jalb qilishni rag'batlantirish.[74]

2015 yilda Newsom ilg'or texnologiyalar va davlat siyosati instituti bilan hamkorlik qildi Kaliforniya politexnika davlat universiteti foydalanuvchilarga Kaliforniya qonunchilik protseduralarida harakat qilish uchun yuz va ovozni tanib olishdan foydalanadigan "Raqamli demokratiya" onlayn vositasini ishga tushirish.[75]

Ta'lim

2015 yil noyabr oyida Newsom o'sha paytdagi Long Beach City kollejining boshlig'i Eloy Oakleyga qo'shildi op-ed jamoat maktablari, davlat universitetlari va ish beruvchilar o'rtasida hamkorlik aloqalarini yaratadigan va jamoat kollejlarida bepul ta'lim beradigan Kaliforniya Kollejining va'dasini yaratishga chaqiradi.[76] 2016 yil davomida u qo'shildi Oklend meri Libbi Schaaf Oklend va'dasi boshlanganda va keyin-Ikkinchi xonim Jil Bayden va shahar hokimi L.A. Erik Garsetti LA Promise-ning boshlanishida.[77][78] 2016 yil iyun oyida gubernator-leytenant shtat bo'ylab va'da dasturlarini yaratishni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun davlat byudjetiga 15 million dollar ajratishga yordam berdi.[79]

2015 yil dekabr oyida Newsom kompaniyasi tomonidan Kaliforniya universiteti qayta tasniflash Kompyuter fanlari ko'proq o'rta maktablarni kompyuter fanlari o'quv dasturini taklif qilishga undash uchun asosiy akademik sinf sifatida kurslar.[80][81] U gubernator Braun tomonidan 2016 yil sentyabr oyida imzolangan muvaffaqiyatli qonun hujjatlariga homiylik qildi, u bolalar bog'chasidanoq barcha shtat o'quvchilariga kompyuter fanlari bo'yicha ta'limni kengaytirishni rejalashtirish jarayonini boshladi.[82]

2016 yilda gubernator-leytenant Kaliforniya Universitetida bir qator islohotlarni amalga oshirdi sportchi talabalar akademik va jarohatlar bilan bog'liq qo'shimcha yordam bilan hamda sport direktorlari va murabbiylari bilan tuzilgan shartnomalarda akademik yutuqlarni ta'kidlashlarini ta'minlash. Bu bir nechta yengil atletika dasturlariga javoban, shu jumladan Kaliforniya universiteti - mamlakatdagi eng past bitiruv ko'rsatkichlarini to'plagan Berkli futbol jamoasi.[83][84]

Jinoyat odil sudlovi va nasha qonuniylashtirilishi

2014 yilda Newsom shtat bo'ylab yagona siyosatchi tomonidan tasdiqlangan Kaliforniya taklifi 47, giyohvandlik va mulkka oid jinoyatlar kabi ba'zi zo'ravonliksiz jinoyatlarni og'ir jinoyatlardan farqli o'laroq jinoyat deb tasniflagan qonun hujjati. Ushbu tadbir Kaliforniya shtatidagi saylovchilar tomonidan 2014 yil 4 noyabrda qabul qilingan.[85]

2015 yil iyul oyida Newsom 2013 yilda Kaliforniyaning Amerika fuqarolik erkinliklari ittifoqi bilan yig'ilgan marixuana siyosati bo'yicha Moviy tasma komissiyasining yakuniy hisobotini e'lon qildi. Hisobotning marixuanani tartibga solish bo'yicha tavsiyalari 2016 yil noyabr oyida qonuniylashtirish choralarini xabardor qilish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. ovoz berish.[86] Newsom olingan natijani qo'llab-quvvatladi, Taklif 64 21 yoshdan katta bo'lgan Kaliforniya shtati aholisi uchun nasha foydalanish va etishtirishni qonuniylashtirgan.[87]

Matbuot kotibi tomonidan ijro etilgan bayonotlarga javoban Shon Spayser, Newsom 2017 yil 24 fevralda Bosh prokurorga xat yubordi Jeff Sessions va Prezident Donald Tramp, ularni Kaliforniyada ochilgan rekreatsion nasha firmalariga qarshi federal ijro etishni kuchaytirmaslikka chaqirdi.[87] U shunday deb yozgan edi: "Hukumat o'z biznesining qonuniy va jamoat tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan sanoatini olib tashlamasligi va uni narkokartellar va jinoyatchilarga qaytarmasligi kerak ... Dilerlar bolalarni kartochka qilmaydi. Men sizni va sizning ma'muriyatingizni Kaliforniya shtati bilan hamkorlikda ishlashga chaqiraman. qolgan sakkizta shtat, yomon aktyorlarni nishonga olishda, jamoat va bolalarimizni himoya qiladigan davlat qonunlarimizni bajarishga imkon beradigan tarzda, kattalar uchun ishlatiladigan marixuanani qonuniylashtirgan. " Newsom nayzani opioid bilan taqqoslagan Spayserning izohlariga quyidagicha javob berdi: "Marixuanadan farqli o'laroq, opioidlar giyohvandlik va zararli moddalarni anglatadi va men sizning ma'muriyatingiz ushbu sog'liqni saqlash inqirozini engishga qaratilgan barcha sa'y-harakatlarini mamnuniyat bilan qabul qilaman".[87]

O'lim jazosi

Newsom 2012 yilda tugatishga intilgan muvaffaqiyatsiz tadbirni qo'llab-quvvatladi Kaliforniyada o'lim jazosi. U bu tashabbus Kaliforniyada millionlab dollarlarni tejashga da'vo qilar ekan, Kaliforniya 1978 yildan beri atigi 13 kishini qatl etish uchun 5 milliard dollar sarflaganligi haqidagi statistik ma'lumotlarga asoslanib.[88]

Newsom-ni ham qo'llab-quvvatlamadi Taklif 62 2016 yilda bu Kaliforniyadagi o'lim jazosini bekor qilgan bo'lar edi.[85] Uning ta'kidlashicha, Prop 62 "tashvishli irqiy nomutanosibliklar bilan boshqariladigan" tizimdan xalos bo'ladi. Shuningdek, u o'lim jazosi tubdan axloqsiz ekanligini va jinoyatchilikka to'sqinlik qilmasligini ta'kidladi.[88]

Kaliforniya gubernatori

Hokim Newsom

2015 yil 11 fevralda Newsom gubernator uchun saylov kampaniyasini ochayotganini e'lon qildi 2018 yilgi saylovlar, unga Jerri Braun o'rnini egallash uchun kampaniya uchun mablag 'to'plashga imkon beradi Kaliforniya gubernatori.[89] 2018 yil 5-iyun kuni u partiyasiz adyolning dastlabki ikkitasida qatnashdi va mag'lubiyatga uchradi Respublika Jon H. Koks 6 noyabrda bo'lib o'tgan gubernatorlik saylovlarida katta ovoz bilan.[90]

Gavin Newsom logotipi

Newsom 2019 yil 7-yanvarda qasamyod qildi.

Bayden prezidentligini tasdiqlash

Newsom rasmiy ravishda tasdiqlangan Jo Bayden 2020 yil may oyida. U sobiq vitse-prezidenti bilan hamkorlikda virtual yuqori pul yig'ish paytida "chuqur rahm-shafqat va hamdardlik" uchun maqtagan Demokratik milliy qo'mita.[91]

O'lim jazosi

Shuningdek qarang: Kaliforniyada o'lim jazosi
Dianne Faynshteyn Gavin Newsom bilan

2019 yil 13 martda Newsom shtatda o'lim jazosiga moratoriy e'lon qildi va u gubernator bo'lib turganda shtatda hech qanday ijro etilishining oldini oldi. Ushbu harakat, shuningdek, davlatning hozirgi o'ldiradigan in'ektsiya protokolining qaytarib olinishiga va ijro etuvchi kameraning yopilishiga olib keldi San-Kventin davlat qamoqxonasi.[92] A CBS bu tong intervyusida Newsom, o'lim jazosi "irqchilik tizimi ... bu tengsizlikni kuchaytiradi. Men bu tizimni vijdonan qo'llab-quvvatlay olmayman" dedi.[93] Moratoriy Kaliforniya shtatidagi o'lim jazosidagi 737 mahbusning barchasi uchun vaqtinchalik muhlat beradi, bu G'arbiy yarim sharda eng katta o'lim jazosi.[94]

Kechirim

Tramp ma'muriyatining jinoiy ro'yxatga olingan muhojirlarga qarshi tazyiqlariga javoban, u ushbu vaziyatda bo'lgan odamlarga e'tiborni kuchaytirdi.[95] Kechirim qonuniy ravishda doimiy yashovchi immigrantlarni deportatsiya qilish uchun asoslarni bekor qilishi mumkin. Deportatsiyaga uchragan odamlarning avf etish to'g'risidagi talablari 2018 yilgi Kaliforniya qonuni bo'yicha shartli ravishda ozod qilish bo'yicha tinglovlar shtati kengashi tomonidan tezkor ko'rib chiqilishi bilan ta'minlanadi.[95] Uning birinchi harakatlarida afv etish gubernator sifatida u 2019 yil may oyida ilgari qamalgan yetti kishini, shu jumladan duch kelgan ikkita Kambodja qochqinini afv etdi deportatsiya.[96] U 2019 yil noyabr oyida Kambodja yoki Vetnamga deportatsiya qilinishdan qochishga urinayotgan uch kishini afv etdi. Ular har biri 19 yoshida alohida-alohida jinoyat sodir etishgan.[97] U qotillik ishi tufayli Kaliforniyadagi qamoqxonada saqlangan Kambodja qochqiniga 2019 yil dekabr oyida shartli ravishda jazo berdi. Immigrantlar huquqlarini himoya qilish guruhlari Newsom-dan federal agentlarga o'tkazishga imkon beradigan siyosatni tugatishni istashgan bo'lsa-da, u ozod etilgandan keyin deportatsiya qilish uchun topshirilgan.[98]

Atrof muhit

Ushbu mavzuni kengroq yoritish uchun qarang Kaliforniyaning iqlim o'zgarishi siyosati.
Gavin Newsom da iqlim o'zgarishi haqida suhbatlashmoqda Shimoliy murakkab yong'in - 2020-09-11.

Newsom 2019 yil sentyabr oyida Tramp ma'muriyati tomonidan qaytarib berilishi kerak bo'lgan atrof-muhit muhofazasini saqlab qoladigan SB 1-ga veto qo'ydi. yo'qolib ketish xavfi ostida bo'lgan turlarni muhofaza qilishdan voz kechish.[99] Newsom ma'muriyati baliqlarni himoya qilish uchun federal agentliklarni orqaga qaytarish bo'yicha sudga murojaat qilmoqchi Sakramento – San-Xoakin daryosi deltasi 2019 yilda.[100]

U ishtirok etdi 2019 yil BMTning iqlim bo'yicha harakatlari sammiti u erda Kaliforniyani iqlimning etakchisi sifatida gapirgan, chunki uning oldida ushbu lavozimni egallab turgan respublikachilar va demokratlar harakatlari tufayli.[101][99] 2020 yil avgust oyida Gavin Newsom murojaat qildi 2020 yilgi Demokratik milliy konventsiya. Uning nutqida eslatib o'tilgan Iqlim o'zgarishi va o'sha paytda Kaliforniyada keng tarqalgan o'rmon yong'inlari.[102] 2020 yil 23 sentyabrda Newsom benzin bilan ishlaydigan transport vositalarini sotishni to'xtatish va shtatda sotiladigan barcha yangi yo'lovchi transport vositalarini 2035 yilgacha nol emissiya bo'lishini talab qilish to'g'risidagi farmoyishni imzoladi.[103] Sentyabr oyida u atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish mavzusida imzolagan qonun loyihalari atrofida lityum qazib olishni o'rganish bo'yicha komissiyani o'z ichiga olgan Salton dengizi.[104]

Gender huquqlari

2020 yil sentyabr oyida Gavin Newsom Kaliforniyadagi transgender mahbuslarni o'z jinslarini hurmat qiladigan qamoqxonalarga joylashtirishga ruxsat beruvchi qonun loyihasini imzoladi.[105][106]

Qurolni boshqarish

Ushbu mavzuni kengroq yoritish uchun qarang Kaliforniyadagi qurol to'g'risidagi qonunlar.

2016 yilda leytenant-gubernator sifatida u rasmiy tarafdori edi Taklif 63. Saylov byulleteni uchun fon tekshiruvi va Kaliforniya Adliya vazirligidan o'q-dorilarni sotib olishga ruxsat olish talab qilindi qurolni boshqarish qoidalari. Ga javoban 2019 yil Virjiniya plyajidagi ommaviy otishma, u o'q-dorilar sotib olayotgan odamlarni umummilliy tekshirishga chaqirdi.[107] O'sha yilning oxirida u javob berdi Gilroy Sarimsoq festivali tortishish bilan, "Bu kecha, CA Gilroy hamjamiyati bilan turadi." "Huquqni muhofaza qilish organlarining sa'y-harakatlari va ushbu vaziyat rivojlanib borishi bilan davom etayotgan ishlari uchun minnatdormiz."[108] U tirik qolganlar va qurbonlarning oilalari bilan tashrif buyurdi. Qo'llab-quvvatlashini aytib 2-o'zgartirish, u "xudoning dahshatli ommaviy qirg'in qurollari" ustidan nazoratni milliy hamkorlik qilishni xohlashini aytdi.[109] U shuningdek, "Ushbu tortishishlarning aksariyati, deyarli faqat erkaklar, bolalar, "Erkaklar" - Men bo'sh tirnoqlarni qo'ydim, menimcha, bu milliy suhbatda etishmayapti. "[110]

Sog'liqni saqlash

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Kaliforniyadagi sog'liqni saqlash va Qo'shma Shtatlarda sog'liqni saqlash tizimini isloh qilish

Sog'liqni saqlash xarajatlarini pasaytirish va Kaliforniyada foydalanish imkoniyatlarini oshirish u ilgari surgan ustuvor vazifalar edi. Shuningdek, u yaratishni qo'llab-quvvatladi universal sog'liqni saqlash Kaliforniyadagi tizim.[111] 2019 yil iyun oyida qabul qilingan byudjet ushbu ustuvor vazifalarni bajarish huquqini kengaytirish orqali hal qildi O'rta kal 19 yoshdan 25 yoshgacha bo'lgan hujjatsiz yoshlarga. Shtatdagi kambag'allarni sog'liqni saqlash dasturi allaqachon 18 yosh va undan kattalar uchun munosiblikni o'z ichiga oladi, ammo Kaliforniya ushbu huquqni kengaytirgan birinchi shtat bo'ladi. hujjatsiz yosh kattalar.[111] Bu shtatda qonuniy immigratsiya maqomisiz yashaydigan qariyalar ham bo'lishi mumkin ro'yxatdan o'tishga ruxsat berilgan yoki davlat byudjetiga kiritish yoki Newsom-ning qonunchilikka imzosi bilan.[112]

Covid-19 pandemiyasi

Ushbu mavzuni kengroq yoritish uchun qarang Kaliforniyadagi COVID-19 pandemiyasi.

Kaliforniyada birinchi vafot etganidan so'ng, Newsom favqulodda holatni 2020 yil 4 martda e'lon qildi koronavirus kasalligi (COVID-19).[113][114] Uning ta'kidlagan maqsadi Kaliforniyada COVID-19 tarqalishiga tayyorgarlik ko'rish va uning oldini olishga yordam berish edi.[115] Favqulodda deklaratsiya davlat idoralariga asbob-uskunalar va xizmatlarni osonlikcha sotib olish, bemorlar to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlarni almashish va davlat mulklari va ob'ektlaridan foydalanishda cheklovlarni engillashtirishga imkon beradi. Newsom, shuningdek, shtatning taxmin qilingan 108000 nafar boshpanasiz uysiz odamlari uchun yumshatish siyosati birinchi o'ringa qo'yilishini e'lon qildi, ularni uyga ko'chirish.[116]

Newsom shtatga COVID-19 kasallarini davolash uchun mehmonxonalar va tibbiyot muassasalarini qo'mondon qilishiga imkon beradigan va hukumat amaldorlariga telekonferentsiyalarni ochiq uchrashuv qonunlarini buzmasdan yopiq holda o'tkazishga ruxsat beruvchi ijro etuvchi buyruq chiqardi.[117] Shuningdek, u mahalliy maktab tumanlarini maktabni yopish to'g'risida o'zlari qaror qabul qilishga yo'naltirgan, ammo o'quvchilarning maktablari jismonan ochiq yoki yo'qligidan qat'iy nazar ularning ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun ijro buyrug'idan foydalangan. Newsom ma'muriyatining so'rovi tomonidan tasdiqlandi AQSh qishloq xo'jaligi vazirligi maktablar yopilayotganda ovqatlanish xizmatini taklif qilish, shu qatorda oilalar kutubxonalarda, bog'larda yoki boshqa shahar tashqarisidagi joylarda ovqatlanishlari mumkin. Kaliforniyadagi davlat maktablari o'quvchilarining taxminan 80% o'qiydi bepul yoki arzonlashtirilgan taomlar. Ushbu ijro buyrug'i doimiy ravishda moliyalashtirishni o'z ichiga olgan masofadan o'qitish imkoniyatlar va bolalarni parvarish qilish ish kuni davomida variantlar.[118]

Shtatda tasdiqlangan COVID-19 kasalligi soni o'sishda davom etar ekan, 15 mart kuni u 65 va undan katta yoshdagi odamlarni va surunkali sog'lig'i borlarni o'zlarini boshqalardan ajratib turishga chaqirdi. Shuningdek, u shtat bo'ylab barlarni, pivo va vino zavodlarini tatib ko'rish xonalarini o'zlarining homiylari uchun eshiklarini yopishga chaqirdi. Ba'zi mahalliy yurisdiktsiyalar majburiy ravishda yopilgan edi.[119] Yopilishlar kinoteatrlar va sog'liqni saqlash klublariga berildi. U restoranlardan o'z muassasalarida ovqatlanishni to'xtatishni va taklif qilishni so'radi tashqariga chiqarib tashlash faqat.[120] Uning shtat bo'ylab uyda qolish uchun buyurtma 19 martda majburiy bo'lib qoldi, chunki bu zarurat yoki dam olish uchun uydan tashqarida harakatlanishiga imkon bergan bo'lsa-da, odamlar a xavfsiz masofa.[121] "Federal muhim infratuzilma tarmoqlari, muhim davlat xizmatlari, maktablar, bolalarga xizmat ko'rsatish va qurilish ishlarining uzluksizligini ta'minlash uchun zarur bo'lgan" faoliyat buyruqdan chiqarib tashlandi. Oziq-ovqat do'konlari va dorixonalar kabi muhim xizmatlar ochiq qoldi. Newsom davlatga mablag 'ajratib, himoya choralarini to'lash uchun, masalan, kasalxonada mehmonxonada turar joy va boshqa muhim ishchilar uyga qaytishdan qo'rqib, oila a'zolariga yuqtirishadi.[122] 26-aprelga kelib, u qonun chiqaruvchi majlisda bo'lmagan paytda favqulodda holat sharoitida o'ttizta ijro buyrug'ini chiqardi.[123]

U 28-aprel kuni Oregon va Vashington gubernatorlari bilan birgalikda o'z iqtisodiyotlarini ochish bo'yicha umumiy qarashlarini e'lon qildi.[124][125] Uning ma'muriyati uning uyda ishlash vakolatini o'zgartirish uchun asosiy ko'rsatkichlarni belgilab berdi, jumladan:[126]

  • mumkin bo'lgan holatlarni diqqat bilan kuzatib borish va kuzatib borish qobiliyati
  • yuqori xavfli odamlarning infektsiyasini oldini olish
  • kasalxonalarda kuchlanishni oshirish
  • terapevtikani rivojlantirish
  • maktablar, korxonalar va bolalar muassasalarida jismoniy masofani ta'minlash
  • virus kuchayib ketsa, izolyatsiya tartibini tiklash bo'yicha ko'rsatmalarni ishlab chiqish

Iqtisodiyotni qayta tiklash to'rt bosqichdan iborat deb ta'riflandi.[127] Newsom cheklovlarni yumshatish sanaga emas, balki ma'lumotlarga asoslanishini ta'kidlab, "Biz qayta ochish rejalarini mafkuraga emas, balki faktlarga va ma'lumotlarga asoslaymiz. Biz xohlagan narsaga emas. Umid qilganimizga emas".[128] Qaytish haqida Beysbolning oliy ligasi va NFL, dedi u, "men bu umidda juda ehtiyotkorlik bilan harakat qilardim".[129]

May oyining boshlarida u ba'zi chakana savdo korxonalari piket uchun qayta ochilishi mumkinligini e'lon qilganda, Kaliforniyaliklarning aksariyati inqirozni gubernator tomonidan ko'rib chiqilishini ma'qulladilar va kechikishdan ko'ra erta ochilishidan ko'proq tashvishlanmoqdalar. Ushbu siyosat namoyishlari va noroziliklari bo'lib o'tdi.[130] Bosim ostida Newsom mahalliy darajada qayta ochish uchun ko'proq qaror qabul qilishni topshirdi.[131]

May oyida Newsom ro'yxatdan o'tgan saylovchilar uchun pochta orqali ovoz berish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lish rejasini e'lon qildi Noyabr saylovlari.[132] Kaliforniya mamlakatdagi birinchi shtat bo'lib, noyabr oyida bo'lib o'tadigan saylov uchun ro'yxatdan o'tgan barcha saylovchilarga pochta orqali yuborilgan byulletenlarni yuborishni o'z zimmasiga oldi.[133]

Shtat ochilgach, Los-Anjeles Tayms tomonidan o'tkazilgan tahlil natijalariga ko'ra Kaliforniyada yangi koronavirus kasalxonalariga yotqizish aprel oyining boshidan beri kuzatilmaydigan tezlikda 15-iyun kuni boshlandi, koronavirus butun shtat bo'ylab tez tarqalib ketgandan so'ng.[134] 18 iyun kuni u COVID-19 tarqalishini kamaytirish maqsadida yuzini yopishni barcha Kaliforniyaliklar uchun majburiy qildi.[135][136] Mahalliy huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari talablarga rioya qilmaslikni kichik qoidabuzarlik deb bilganligi sababli, ularning ijrosi biznes egalariga bog'liq.[137] Iyun oyining oxiriga kelib, u etti tumanga barlarni va tungi joylarni yopish to'g'risida buyruq berdi va shtatning ba'zi joylarida koronavirus holatlari ko'paygani sababli boshqa sakkizta okrugga ushbu korxonalarni yopish bo'yicha choralar ko'rishni tavsiya qildi.[138] In a regular press conference on July 13 as he was ordering the reinstatement of the shutdown of bars and indoor dining in restaurants, he said, “We’re seeing an increase in the spread of the virus, so that’s why it’s incumbent upon all of us to recognize soberly that COVID-19 is not going away any time soon until there is a vaccine or an effective therapy”.[134]

In November 2020, Newsom was widely criticized for attending a birthday party for a lobbyist and friend at the Mishel 3-star restaurant Frantsiyadagi kir yuvish, where more than three other families were in attendance, despite his administration issuing guidelines limiting such gatherings to only three households. Restorandagi qo'shni ovqat beruvchilarning aytishicha, Newsom partiyasi shunchalik shov-shuv ko'tarilgandiki, restoran xodimlari tashqi eshiklarini toymasin eshiklari bilan yopib qo'yishdi. Dastlab Newsom ofisi bayramni himoya qildi va ovqatlanish bo'yicha tavsiyalar davlat ko'rsatmalaridan alohida ekanligini aytdi. Keyinchalik Newsom bayramda qatnashgani uchun uzr so'radi. Ushbu hodisa aholi salomatligi inqirozi sharoitida Newsom kompaniyasining obro'si va ishonchiga jiddiy zarar etkazgani aytilgan.[139][140][141]

Tezyurar temir yo'l

Ushbu mavzuni kengroq yoritish uchun qarang Kaliforniya tezyurar temir yo'l.

In his February 2019 State of the State address, Newsom announced that, while work would continue on the 171-mile (275 km)[142] Central Valley segment from Bakersfield to Merced, the rest of the system would be indefinitely postponed, citing cost overruns and delays.[143] This and other actions created tension with the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California, a kasaba uyushmasi representing 450,000 members.[144]

Homelessness and housing shortage

Ushbu mavzuni kengroq yoritish uchun qarang Kaliforniyada uy-joy etishmovchiligi.

A poll found that California voters thought the most important issue for the governor and state Legislature to work on in 2020 was homelessness.[145] In his first week of office, Newsom threatened to withhold state funding for infrastructure to communities that failed to take actions to alleviate California's housing shortage.[146][147] In late January 2019, he announced that he would sue Huntington Beach for preventing the construction of affordable housing.[148] A year later, the city acted to settle the lawsuit by the state.[149] Newsom has been characterized as an opponent of NIMBY (not-in-my-back-yard) sentiment.[150][151][152][153][154]

Shlangi sinish

Ushbu mavzuni kengroq yoritish uchun qarang Qo'shma Shtatlarda gidravlik sinishi.

Newsom pledged during his campaign to tighten state oversight of fracking and oil extraction.[155] U moratoriy in November 2019 on approval of new gidravlik sinish va steam-injected oil drilling in the state until the permits for those projects can be reviewed by an independent panel of scientists.[156]

Mahalliy Amerika genotsidi

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Kaliforniya genotsidi

In a speech before representatives of Native Americans in June 2019, Newsom apologized for the genotsid of Native Americans approved and abetted by the California state government upon davlatchilik 19-asrning oxirida. Bitta taxminlarga ko'ra, 1849-1870 yillarda kamida 4500 Kaliforniyalik hindular o'ldirilgan.[157] Newsom said, "That’s what it was, a genocide. No other way to describe it. And that’s the way it needs to be described in the history books."[158]

Personal travel

Shuningdek qarang: Salvador - Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari munosabatlari

U tanladi Salvador as his first international trip as governor.[159] With nearly 680,000 Salvadoran immigrants living in California, he felt that the "state's relationship with Markaziy Amerika is key to California's future".[160] He was also concerned about the tens of thousands of Salvadorans that were fleeing the smallest country in Central America for the U.S. each year.[161] As governor of a state impacted by the debate of noqonuniy immigratsiya, he went to see first-hand the factors driving it and to build business and tourism partnerships between California and Central America. He said he wanted to “ignite a more enlightened engagement and dialogue.”[162]

Police relations

Gov. Newsom has sympathized with activists who denounce politsiya shafqatsizligi, and believes police should be held accountable. He has spoken in favor of Assembly Bill 1196, which would ban carotid artery restraints and choke holds Kaliforniyada. He has claimed that there is no longer a place for a policing tactic “that literally is designed to stop people’s blood from flowing into their brain, that has no place any longer in 21st century practices.”[163][164]

Suvni boshqarish

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Kaliforniya suv rejasi

Newsom supports a series of tentative water-sharing agreements that would bring an end to the dispute between farmers, cities, fishermen and environmentalists over how much water should be left in the state's two most important rivers, the Sakramento va San-Xoakin ichiga oqadigan Delta.[165]

O'rmon yong'inlari

Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar: Kaliforniyadagi o'rmon yong'inlari

Due to a mass die-off of trees throughout the state which potentially could increase the risk of wildfires, Newsom declared a favqulodda holat on March 22, 2020 in preparation for the 2020 yong'in mavsumi.[166] After declaring a state of emergency on August 18, Newsom reported that the state was battling 367 known fires, many sparked by intense thunderstorms on August 16–17.[167] His request for a federal disaster declaration for six major wildfires was rejected.[168]

Saylov tarixi

Asosiy maqola: Gavin Newsomning saylov tarixi

Shaxsiy hayot

Newsom with then-fiancée Jennifer Sibel 2008 yilda San-Fransisko mag'rurligi parad

Newsom was suvga cho'mgan and raised in his father's Katolik imon. U o'zini "Irland katolik rebel [...] in some respects, but one that still has tremendous admiration for the Church and very strong faith". When asked about the current state of the Catholic Church, he said the church was in crisis.[13] He said he stays with the Church because of his "strong connection to a greater purpose, and [...] higher being [...]" Newsom identifies himself as a practicing Catholic,[169] stating that he has a "strong sense of faith that is perennial: day in and day out".[13] He is the godfather of designer and model Nats Getty.[170]

In December 2001, Newsom married Kimberli Guilfoyl, a former San Francisco prokuror and legal commentator for Sud TV, CNN va MSNBC who later became a prominent personality on Fox News kanali. Er-xotin turmush qurishdi Saint Ignatius Catholic Church shaharchasida San-Frantsisko universiteti, where Guilfoyle attended yuridik fakulteti. The couple appeared in the September 2004 issue of Harper bozori; the spread had them posed at the Getti Villa with the title the "New Kennedys".[3][171] In January 2005, they jointly filed for ajralish, citing "difficulties due to their careers on opposite coasts".[172] Their divorce was finalized on February 28, 2006.[173]

In 2005, Newsom was selected as a Young Global Leader by the Jahon iqtisodiy forumi.[174][tekshirib bo'lmadi ]

In January 2007, it was revealed that he had had a romantic relationship in mid-2005 with Ruby Rippey-Tourk, the wife of his then-campaign manager and former deputy shtat boshlig'i, Alex Tourk.[175][176] Tourk filed for divorce shortly after the revelation and left Newsom's campaign and administration.

In September 2006, Newsom began dating film director Jennifer Sibel. In February 2007, he announced he would seek treatment for spirtli ichimliklarni suiiste'mol qilish.[177] In December 2007, the couple announced their engagement,[178][179] va ular turmushga chiqdilar Stivensvill, Montana, 2008 yil iyul oyida.[180] In September 2009, Siebel gave birth to a girl, Montana Tessa Newsom.[181] She gave birth to a son, Hunter Siebel Newsom, on June 12, 2011, their daughter Brooklynn on July 3, 2013,[182] and on February 26, 2016, the Newsoms announced the birth of second son, Dutch.[183]

In 2012, Newsom and his family moved out of San Francisco and into a house they bought in Kentfild yilda Marin okrugi.[184]

After his election as governor, Newsom and his family moved into the Hokimlar uyi yilda Sakramento markazi and thereafter settled in Fair Oaks.[185]

Shuningdek qarang

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  110. ^ REESE, PHILLIP (October 7, 2019). "When masculinity turns 'toxic': A gender profile of mass shootings". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2019.
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  127. ^ Myers, John (April 28, 2020). "Some California businesses could reopen within weeks as state fights coronavirus, Newsom says". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 28 aprel, 2020.
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  136. ^ "Face coverings required in public spaces" (PDF). Kaliforniya shtati hukumatining rasmiy veb-sayti. 2020 yil 18-iyun. Olingan 19 iyun, 2020.
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  138. ^ Mayers, Jon; Wigglesworth, Alex; Newberry, Laura; Holland, Gale (June 28, 2020). "Newsom orders bars closed in 7 California counties including L.A. due to coronavirus spread". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 29 iyun, 2020.
  139. ^ Koseff, Aleksey (2020 yil 17-noyabr). "Newsom frantsuz kir yuvish uchun kechki ovqat:" Men juda xato qildim'". SF yilnomasi. Olingan 18-noyabr, 2020.
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  142. ^ "No, Gov. Gavin Newsom didn't kill high-speed rail. But what's his Plan B?". Sakramento asalari. 2019 yil 18-fevral. Olingan 21 fevral, 2019.
  143. ^ Heller, Nathan (February 15, 2019). "Is Gavin Newsom Right to Slow Down California's High-Speed Train?". Nyu-Yorker. Olingan 16 fevral, 2019.
  144. ^ Luna, Taryn (December 2, 2019). "One of California's most powerful labor unions is feuding with Gov. Gavin Newsom". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 2 dekabr, 2019.
  145. ^ Skelton, George (January 16, 2020). "Newsom can't afford to ignore homelessness. It's the top issue with voters". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 16 yanvar, 2020.
  146. ^ della Cava, Marco (April 14, 2019). "As Trump battles California, Gov. Newsom makes big changes in first 100 days". USA Today. Olingan 15 aprel, 2019.
  147. ^ Dillon, Liam (January 10, 2019). "Gov. Gavin Newsom threatens to cut state funding from cities that don't approve enough housing". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 29 yanvar, 2019.
  148. ^ Dillon, Liam (January 25, 2019). "At Gov. Newsom's urging, California will sue Huntington Beach over blocked homebuilding". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 29 yanvar, 2019.
  149. ^ Sclafani, Julia (January 15, 2020). "Planning Commission vote moves Huntington Beach a step closer to resolving state housing lawsuit". Kundalik uchuvchi. Olingan 16 yanvar, 2020.
  150. ^ Cavanaugh, Kerry (January 25, 2019). "Gavin Newsom just declared war on NIMBYs". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 29 yanvar, 2019.
  151. ^ Kilgore, Ed (January 11, 2019). "Governor Newsom Takes Aim at California's NIMBYism". Intelligencer. Olingan 29 yanvar, 2019.
  152. ^ Dillon, Liam (June 18, 2019). "Southern California cities cite 'chaos' in rejecting state push for more housing". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 18 iyun, 2019.
  153. ^ Walters, Dan (December 22, 2019). "California housing goals an economic and physical impossibility". Merkuriy yangiliklari. Olingan 24 dekabr, 2019.
  154. ^ Luna, Taryn (January 17, 2020). "Gov. Gavin Newsom promotes using state-owned trailers to house homeless people". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 17 yanvar, 2020.
  155. ^ Willon, Phil (July 12, 2019). "Gov. Gavin Newsom fires top official over fracking permits — but won't ban the oil wells". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 14 iyul, 2019.
  156. ^ Willon, Phil (November 19, 2019). "Newsom blocks new California fracking pending scientific review". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 21-noyabr, 2019.
  157. ^ "Oltin shovqin paytida ozchiliklar". Kaliforniya davlat kotibi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 1 fevralda.
  158. ^ Cowan, Jill (June 19, 2019). "'It's Called Genocide': Newsom Apologizes to the State's Native Americans". The New York Times. Olingan 20 iyun, 2019.
  159. ^ Luna, Taryn (March 28, 2019). "Newsom will travel to El Salvador next month in first international trip as California governor". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 28 mart, 2019.
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Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Tad do'stim, "Golden Boy 2.0: Gavin Newsomning erta va'dasi bekor qilindi. Endi u Kaliforniya gubernatori bo'lishga tayyor", Nyu-Yorker, 2018 yil 5-noyabr, 18–26-betlar.

Tashqi havolalar

Siyosiy idoralar
Oldingi
Kevin Shelli		 San-Frantsisko nozirlar kengashining a'zosi
2-okrugdan
1997–2004		Muvaffaqiyatli
Michela Alioto-Pier
Oldingi
Villi Braun		 San-Frantsisko meri
2004–2011		Muvaffaqiyatli
Ed Li
Oldingi
Abel Maldonado		 Kaliforniya gubernatori-leytenant
2011–2019		Muvaffaqiyatli
Eleni Kounalakis
Oldingi
Jerri Braun		 Kaliforniya gubernatori
2019 yil - hozirgi kunga qadar		Amaldagi prezident
Partiyaning siyosiy idoralari
Oldingi
Jon Garamendi		 Demokratik nomzod Kaliforniya gubernatori-leytenant
2010, 2014		Muvaffaqiyatli
Eleni Kounalakis
Oldingi
Jerri Braun		 Demokratik nomzod Kaliforniya gubernatori
2018		Eng so'nggi
AQShning ustunligi tartibi (tantanali)
Oldingi
Mayk Pens
kabi Vitse prezident		 Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining ustuvorligi tartibi
Kaliforniya ichida		Muvaffaqiyatli
Shahar meri
qaysi tadbirda o'tkaziladi
Muvaffaqiyatli
Aks holda Nensi Pelosi
kabi AQSh Vakillar palatasining spikeri
Oldingi
Toni Evers
kabi Viskonsin shtati gubernatori		 Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining ustuvorligi tartibi
Kaliforniyadan tashqarida		Muvaffaqiyatli
Tim Vals
kabi Minnesota shtatining gubernatori