Cape Cod - Cape Cod

Cape Cod
Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i
Keyp Cod (Barnstable okrugi ), in Massachusets shtati
Manzil	Massachusets shtati, Qo'shma Shtatlar
Koordinatalar	41 ° 41′N 70 ° 12′W / 41,68 ° N 70,2 ° Vt / 41.68; -70.2Koordinatalar: 41 ° 41′N 70 ° 12′W / 41,68 ° N 70,2 ° Vt / 41.68; -70.2
Dengizdagi suv havzalari	Keyp-kod ko'rfazi Buzzards ko'rfazi Cape Cod kanali Nantucket tovushi
Balandlik	306 fut (93 m)
Maydon	339 kvadrat mil (880 km)2)[1]

Cape Cod a geografik burun materikning janubi-sharqiy burchagidan Atlantika okeaniga cho'zilgan Massachusets shtati, AQShning shimoli-sharqida. Uning tarixiy, dengiz xarakteri va mo'l-ko'l plyajlari yoz oylarida og'ir turizmni jalb qiladi.

Tomonidan belgilab qo'yilganidek Cape Cod komissiyasi Cape Cod qonunchilikni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi qonunchilik bilan bog'liq Massachusets shtatidagi Barnstable okrugi.^[2] U uzayadi Viloyat shahri shimoli-sharqdan to Woods Hole janubi-g'arbiy qismida va chegaradosh Plimut shimoli-g'arbda.

1914 yildan beri Cape Codning katta qismi materikdan Cape Cod kanali. Kanal Cape Cod shaharlarining kichik qismlari bo'lsa-da, yarimorolning poydevori bo'ylab taxminan 11 km masofani kesib tashlaydi. Born va Sendvich kanalning materik tomonida yotadi. Cape Cod kanalini kesib o'tuvchi ikkita avtomagistral ko'prigi: Sagamor ko'prigi va Bourne ko'prigi. Bundan tashqari, Cape Cod kanali temir yo'l ko'prigi olib boradi temir yo'l yuklari va Keypga cheklangan yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatishni ta'minlaydi. Keyp hududi ko'plab qishloqlarga ega 15 shaharchaga bo'lingan.

Cape Cod va orollar mintaqasi

Keyp va orollar

Cape Cod singari, Keypning janubidagi orollar kitlar va savdo joylaridan rivojlanib, boy oilalarni, taniqli shaxslarni va sayyohlarni jalb qildi. Bularga yaqin atrofdagi orollar kiradi Nantucket va Martaning uzumzori.Har ikkala orol ham mashhur yozgi sayyohlik maskanlaridir, odatda paromda bir necha joydan parom orqali borish mumkin. Iboralar Cape Cod va orollar va Keyp va orollar ko'pincha Barnstable okrugining butun mintaqasini tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladi, Dyuk okrugi (shu jumladan Marta uzumzori va undan kichikroq) Elizabeth orollari ) va Nantucket County.

Cape Cod yaqinidagi bir nechta kichik orollar, shu jumladan Monomoy oroli, Monomoscoy oroli, Popponesset oroli va Sekonsett oroli, shuningdek, Barnstable okrugida.

The Forbes oilasi taniqli Naushon oroli birinchi tomonidan sotib olingan John Murray Forbes. Naushon - Elizabethning orollaridan biri, ularning aksariyati xususiy mulkdir. Ommabop Elizabetlardan biri bu zanjirning eng janubiy orolidir, Cuttyhunk, yil davomida 52 kishi yashaydigan aholi bilan. Bir nechta taniqli oilalar yirik orollarda birlashma yoki mulk qurdilar, bu orollarni shimoliy-sharqdagi eng boy kurortlarga aylantirdilar, ammo ular dastlabki savdogarlar savdosi va kit ovlash madaniyatini saqlab qolishdi.

Cape Cod, ayniqsa, mashhur pensiya sohasidir; Barnstable okrugi aholisining 27,8 foizini 65 yosh va undan katta yoshdagilar tashkil etadi.^[3] va aholining o'rtacha yoshi har qanday hududning eng yuqori ko'rsatkichidir Yangi Angliya.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Cape Cod ko'pchilikni tashkil qiladi Demokrat, ammo Massachusets shtatining qolgan qismidan kichikroq farq bilan.^[4]

Hududdagi erlarning asosiy qismi muzlik terminal morena va Yangi Angliyaning janubi-sharqidagi muzlik qoplamining eng janubiy qismini anglatadi; shunga o'xshash muzlik shakllanishlari Nyu-Yorkdagi Long-Aylend va Blok oroli Rod-Aylendda.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Geografiya va siyosiy bo'linishlar

Qum tepalari Qumli bo'yin qismidir to'siqli plyaj bu oldini olishga yordam beradi qirg'oq eroziyasi.

Jismoniy geografiya va chegaralar

"Cape Cod" nomi, birinchi marta 1602 yilda ishlatilgani kabi, faqat yarim orolning eng chekkalarida qo'llanilgan. 125 yil davomida, "Cape Cod uchastkasi" Provinsiya shaharchasi tarkibiga kirgunga qadar shu tarzda saqlanib qoldi. Keyingi o'n yilliklar ichida endi "rasmiy" ishlatishda bu nom Manomet va Skusset daryolarining sharqidagi butun quruqlik ma'nosini anglatar edi - asosan Cape Cod kanali bo'lib o'tgan chiziq bo'ylab. Kanalning yaratilishi yarimorolning aksariyat qismini materikdan ajratib turdi. Aksariyat agentliklar, shu jumladan Cape Cod komissiyasi va Federal favqulodda vaziyatlarni boshqarish agentligi (FEMA), Keypni tabiiy ofatlarga tayyorgarlik, er osti suvlarini boshqarish va hk.^[1][5][6] Keyp Kodderlar kanalning materik qismidagi erlarni "Keypdan tashqari" deb atashga moyil bo'lishadi, garchi Barnstable okrugining chegaralariga to'g'ri keladigan Keyp Kodining qonuniy chegaralanishi Born va Sandvich shaharlarining bir qismini o'z ichiga oladi. kanalning shimolida.

Keyp-kod ko'rfazi Cape Cod va materik o'rtasida joylashgan - shimolda gorizontal chiziq bilan chegaralangan Viloyat shahri va Marshfild. Keyp Cod ko'rfazining shimolida (va Provinsiya) joylashgan Massachusets ko'rfazi o'z ichiga olgan Stellwagen Bank milliy dengiz qo'riqxonasi, Provincetown shahridan 5 mil (8 km) shimolda joylashgan. Atlantika okeani Keyp burnidan sharqda, Keypning janubi-g'arbida joylashgan Buzzards ko'rfazi. Cape Cod kanali, 1916 yilda qurib bitkazilib, Buzzards ko'rfazini Keyp kodi ko'rfaziga bog'laydi; uning yaratilishi Nyu-York va Boston o'rtasidagi savdo yo'lini 62 mil (100 km) ga qisqartirdi.^[7]

Cape Cape Atlantika okeaniga 65 mil (105 km) gacha cho'zilib, kengligi 1-20 milya (1,6-32,2 km) oralig'ida va 400 milya (640 km) dan ortiq qirg'oqni qamrab oladi.^[8] Uning balandligi eng baland nuqtada, tepada, 93 metrdan 306 futgacha Qarag'ay tepaligi, ning Bourne qismida Cape Cod qo'shma bazasi, dengiz sathidan pastga.

Cape Cod va orollar doimiy qismning bir qismidir arxipelagiya viloyati Long-Aylenddan Keypning uchigacha cho'zilgan orollar zanjiridan iborat. Ushbu mintaqa tabiatshunoslar tomonidan tarixiy va umumiy sifatida Tashqi erlar.

Shahar va qishloqlar

Barnstable okrugining tarixiy xaritasi, 1890 yil

Cape Cod 15 shaharni o'z ichiga olgan Barnstable okrugining barchasini o'z ichiga oladi: Born, Sendvich, Falmouth, Mashpee, Barnstable, Yarmut, Xarvich, Dennis, Brewster, Chatham, Orlean, Istxem, Wellfleet, Truro va Viloyat shahri. Ushbu shaharlarning har biri bir qator qishloqlarni o'z ichiga oladi; qarang Barnstable okrugi to'liq ro'yxat uchun.

Barnstabl, Keyp Kodning eng aholi punkti bo'lib, shahar hokimiyat shaklini qabul qilgan yagona shahar bo'lib, uning qonun chiqaruvchi organi saylangan 13 kishidan iborat. kengash.^[9][10] Biroq, Massachusets shtatining boshqa kichik shaharlari singari, Barnstable ham "Barnstable shahri" monikerini saqlab qoldi. Qolgan shaharlarning hammasi 5 kishilik a'zolarni saylaydi Tanlovchilar kengashi Ijroiya siyosatini belgilaydigan kengash sifatida foydalanish va ulardan foydalanish Shahar uchrashuvlari ularning qonun chiqaruvchi organi sifatida.^[9]

Cape Cod va orollar

Cape Cod janubida yotadi Nantucket tovushi; Nantucket va Martaning uzumzori, ikkala yirik orol; va asosan xususiy mulk Elizabeth orollari.

Bo'limlar

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Yuqori burun 1 Born 2 Falmouth 3 Sendvich 4 Mashpee

O'rta Cape 5 Barnstable 6 Yarmut 7 Dennis

Quyi Keyp 8 Brewster 9 Xarvich 10 Chatham

Tashqi burni (vaqti-vaqti bilan Quyi burun) 11 Orlean 12 Istxem 13 Wellfleet 14 Truro 15 Viloyat shahri

Old Harbour Life Saving Station, ichida Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i

18, 19 va 20 asrlarning aksariyati uchun Cape Cod uch qismdan iborat deb hisoblangan (xaritaga qarang):

• The Yuqori burun Cape Codning materikka eng yaqin qismi bo'lib, shaharlarni o'z ichiga oladi Born, Sendvich, Falmut va Mashpi. Falmouth - mashhurlarning uyi Vuds Hole okeanografiya instituti va Dengiz biologik laboratoriyasi bir qator boshqa tadqiqot tashkilotlari va shuningdek, Marta uzumzoriga eng ko'p ishlatiladigan parom aloqasi. Falmouth bir nechta alohida qishloqlardan tashkil topgan, shu jumladan Sharqiy Falmut, Falmouth qishlog'i, Xetvill, Shimoliy Falmut, Teaticket, Vaquoit, G'arbiy Falmut va Woods Hole, shuningdek, o'zlarining katta qo'shnilariga kiritilgan bir nechta kichik qishloqlar (masalan, Devisvill, Xetvill, Falmut Xayts, Kvissett, Sippewissett va boshqalar).^[11] Born ning uyi Massachusets dengiz akademiyasi, qishloqda Buzzards ko'rfazi, kanal bo'ylab, Cape Cod qo'shma bazasi, Aptucxet savdo posti,^[12] yillik Bourne Scallop festivali sentyabrda va 1884 yilgacha sendvich tarkibida bo'lgan. 1637 yilda tashkil etilgan Keyp Kodning eng qadimgi shahri bo'lgan sendvich Dexter Grist tegirmoni, tarixiy Xoksi uyi, Meros muzeylari va bog'lari, va Sandviç shishasi muzeyi. Mashpee, uyning uyi Mashpee Wampanoag tub amerikaliklar qabilasi.
• The O'rta Cape maydoni Barnstable, Yarmouth va Dennis shaharlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Hududda ko'plab chiroyli plyajlar, shu jumladan, iliq suvli plyajlar mavjud Nantucket tovushi Masalan, Hyannisdagi Kalmus plyaji, bu uning nomini ixtirochilaridan biridan olgan Texnik rang, Gerbert Kalmus. Ushbu mashhur shamol sörfü manzili Barnstable shaharchasiga doktor Kalmus tomonidan ishlab chiqilmaslik sharti bilan vasiyat qilingan, ehtimol bu AQShda ochiq joyni saqlashning birinchi misollaridan biri. O'rta-Keyp shuningdek mintaqaning savdo va sanoat markazi hisoblanadi. Barnstablda etti qishloq bor, shu jumladan Barnstable Village, Sentervil, Kotu, Hyannis, Marstons Mills, Ostervil va G'arbiy Barnstable, shuningdek, katta qo'shnilariga kiritilgan bir nechta kichik qishloqlar (masalan, Kreygvill, Cummaquid, Hyannis porti, Santuit, Wianno va boshqalar).^[13] Yarmut qishloqlari Janubiy Yarmut, G'arbiy Yarmut va Yarmut porti. Dennisda beshta qishloq, shu jumladan Shimoliy Dennis, Sharqiy Dennis, G'arbiy Dennis, Dennis porti va Janubiy Dennis.^[14]
• The Quyi burun va tashqi burun an'anaviy ravishda Keypning qolgan qismini yoki shaharlarini o'z ichiga oladi Xarvich, Brewster, Chatham, Orlean, Istxem, Wellfleet, Truro va Viloyat shahri. Hozirgi kunda eng chekka beshta shahar (Provintaun, Truro, Uellflit, Istem va Orlean) ko'proq va umumiy ravishda " "Tashqi burun". Ushbu hudud Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i, tashqi bog'ning aksariyat qismini, shu jumladan Orleandan Provintaungacha sharqqa qaragan sohilni o'z ichiga olgan milliy park. Tashqi burg'u Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng mashhur plyajlarni o'z ichiga oladi, masalan, Easthamdagi Nauset Light Beach va Coast Guard Beach, Provincetowndagi Race Point Beach, Truro shahridagi Ballston Beach va Orleandagi Skaket Beach. Tashqi burun va sohildagi plyajlar yozgi dam olishlari bilan mashhur bo'ldi katta oq akula ko'plab boshqa shark turlari bilan birgalikda ko'rish. 2012 yil yozida Trurodagi Ballston plyajida sayyohga katta oq akula hujum qildi va uni tishladi. Tashqi Cape Cape Cod-ning eng kam aholi punktidir, ammo Provincetown yoz mavsumida shaharga o'xshash muhitga ega. Provincetaun gey va lezbiyenlarning asosiy dam olish maskaniga aylandi - shahar eng yirik shaharlardan biri hisoblanadi LGBT Qo'shma Shtatlardagi kurort jamoalari. Provincetown shuningdek, o'zining tarixiy baliq ovlash parklari bilan mashhur Stellwagen banki, mashhur baliq ovi maydoni va kit tomosha qilish boradigan joy, Race Point-dan bir necha chaqirim shimolda joylashgan.

"Yuqori" va "pastki"

"Yuqori Cape" va "Quyi Cape" atamalari va "yuqoriga Cape" yoki "Cape down" ga sayohat qilish uchun havolalar anchadan beri Cape Cod sayohatchisi uchun chalkashliklarni keltirib chiqargan, ular "up" ni "shimoliy" bilan adashtirib yuborgan. , 1920 yildagi quyidagi qismlar atrofida aylanishi mumkin:

• "Agar Cape burnidan pastga tushib, Provinsiya shahriga boradigan bo'lsak, narsalarning ko'rinishi ko'proq okeanga o'xshaydi".^[15]
• "Chathamning deyarli har bir ko'chasiga qattiq asfalt yotqizilgan va Keypning qadimgi burchak shahri - bu provinsiya shahridan Keypga kelayotgan sayohatchining tabiiy maqsadi ..."^[16]

Ko'rinib turgan paradoksni tushuntirish uchun ko'plab nazariyalar mavjud. Ulardan biri shundaki, atamalar dastlabki dengiz navigatsiyasidan kelib chiqadi. Biror kishi sharqqa sayohat qilganda, bo'ylama shkaladan pastga tushdi (nolga qarab) Grinvich, Angliya). Bundan tashqari, Shimoliy Amerikaning sharqiy qismida joylashgan evropalik ko'chmanchilar va ularning avlodlari tomonidan yo'naltirilgan tavsiflar uchun asos bo'lib, odatdagi ob-havo shamollari (odatda janubi-g'arbiy tomondan) ishlatilgan. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, kimdir orqa tomondan g'arbiy shamol bilan "pastga [shamolga") qarab yurgan bo'lar edi. Bugungi kunga qadar Marta uzumzorida "Up Island" g'arbiy qism, "Down Island" esa sharqda.

O'n to'qqizinchi asrda temir yo'lning kelishi "yuqoriga / pastga" tushunchasini kuchaytirdi, chunki Boston va Keyp Kodlari o'rtasidagi poezdlar harakati jadvallari doimo Bostonni tepada ko'rsatib turar edi - Keypga yo'l olgan poezdlar harakati jadvali yuqoridan pastga qarab o'qiladi va qaytayotgan poezdlar pastdan yuqoriga o'qiladi. Shunday qilib, provinsiya, Keypning eng shimoliy shahri bo'lishiga qaramay, sayohat qilish mumkin bo'lgan eng uzoq "pastga" edi. (Keypning o'ziga xos shakli avtomobil va magistral tizimida yangi paradoksni keltirib chiqardi: "Keypdan pastga" haydash paytida AQSh 6-marshrut "sharq tomonga", Orleandan Provintaungacha bo'lgan so'nggi 30 milya deyarli har tomonga bir yo'l bosib o'tadi bundan mustasno sharq.)

So'zlashuvning eng yaxshi tushuntirishlari shuki, xaritalar va jadvallarda ko'rinib turgan yarim orolning shakli inson qo'liga o'xshaydi. Shu o'xshashlikda, Keypning janubiy qismi "yuqori qo'l", Chatham tirsagi, shimoliy-janubiy qismi esa "pastki qo'l"yoki bilak. Oldinga boradigan bo'lsak, ba'zilar Provincetaun bukilgan qo'l yoki musht deyishadi Race Point va Yog'och oxiri uning bo'g'imlarida va Long Point barmoq uchida.

Yigirmanchi asrning oxirida, Keyp ko'proq dam oluvchilar va rassomlarni chekinishga jalb qila boshlagach, dengiz nomenklaturasi va yo'nalishlar bo'yicha yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan chalkashliklar asta-sekin o'z o'rnini oddiy "Tashqi burun" ga berib kelmoqda, garchi eski atamalardan hanuzgacha ba'zi mahalliy aholi foydalanmoqda. .

Geologiya

Cape Cod muzliklarning chekinishi natijasida hosil bo'lgan^[17]

Cape Cod-ning geologik tarkibi

Cape Cod quruqligining asosiy qismi quyidagilardan iborat muzlik relyef shakllari tomonidan tashkil etilgan terminal morena va tekisliklarni yuvish. Bu Yangi Angliyaning janubi-sharqidagi muzliklarning eng janubiy qismini anglatadi; shu kabi muzlik shakllanishlarini tashkil etadi Long Island yilda Nyu York va Blok oroli yilda Rod-Aylend. Birgalikda, bu shakllanishlar sifatida tanilgan Tashqi erlar, yoki "Stirling orollari" kabi noaniqroq. Geologik nuqtai nazardan, Cape Cod juda yosh, u 16-20 ming yil oldin qurilgan.

Keyp Kodning geologik tarixining aksariyat qismi oldingi va orqaga chekinishni o'z ichiga oladi Laurentide muz qatlami oxirida Pleystotsen geologik davr va undan keyingi dengiz sathidagi o'zgarishlar. Foydalanish radiokarbonli uchrashuv 23000 yil oldin muz qatlami Shimoliy Amerika bo'ylab janubga qarab maksimal darajaga ko'tarilib, keyin chekinishni boshladi. Ko'pchilik choynak suv havzalari - toza va sovuq ko'llar - chekinayotgan muzlik natijasida hosil bo'lgan va Keyp Kodida saqlanib qolgan. Taxminan 18000 yil muqaddam muz qatlami Keyp Kodidan o'tib ketgan. Taxminan 15000 yil oldin, u janubiy Yangi Angliyadan orqaga chekingan. Yer suvining shuncha qismi ulkan muz qatlamlariga yopilganida, dengiz sathi pastroq bo'lgan. Truroning qirg'oq bo'yidagi plyajlari, plyajga aylanishidan oldin, toshloq o'rmon bo'lgan.

Sohil eroziyasi to'lqin harakati bilan (ushbu xaritada rangli buff) boshqa joyda o'sishni keltirib chiqaradi yotqizish tashilgan cho'kindi jinsi (ko'k rangda ko'rsatilgan).

Muzlar eriy boshlagach, dengiz ko'tarila boshladi. Dastlab dengiz sathi tez ko'tarilib, 1000 yilda taxminan 15 metr (49 fut) ko'tarilgan, ammo keyin bu ko'rsatkich pasayib ketdi. Cape Codda dengiz sathi 6000 dan 2000 yilgacha ming yillikda taxminan 3 metr (9,8 fut) ga ko'tarilgan. Shundan so'ng, u ming yillikda taxminan 1 metr (3,3 fut) ga ko'tarila boshladi. 6000 yil muqaddam dengiz sathi Cod Kodda yo'qolib qolgan kontinental muz qatlami qoldirgan muzlik konlarini yemirishni boshlash uchun etarlicha baland edi. Suv, shimoliy va janubiy eroziyalangan yotqiziqlarni tashqi Kabning qirg'oqlari bo'ylab, ma'lum bo'lgan jarayon orqali olib o'tdi uzoq sohil siljishi. Shimolga siljigan qayta ishlangan cho'kindilar Keyp Kodning uchiga bordi. Keypning eng chekka qismida joylashgan Provintaun shahri butun a tupurish asosan eroziyaga uchragan va qirg'oq bo'ylab janubdan tashib ketilgan dengiz cho'kindisidan iborat. Buning o'rniga janubga siljigan cho'kindilar Monomoy orollari va shollarini yaratdilar. Shunday qilib, Keypning boshqa qismlari to'lqinlar ta'siridan susayib qolgan bo'lsa, Keypning bu qismlari o'sib chiqqan yotqizish faqat oxirgi 6000 yil ichida cho'kindi jinslar

Ushbu jarayon bugun ham davom etmoqda. Ochiq okeanga ta'sir qilishlari sababli, Keyp va orollar juda ko'p narsalarga duch kelmoqdalar qirg'oq eroziyasi. Geologlarning ta'kidlashicha, eroziya tufayli Keyp bir necha ming yil ichida dengiz ostida to'liq suv ostida qoladi.^[18] Ushbu eroziya plyajlarni yuvish va to'siq orollarini yo'q qilishga olib keladi; Masalan, okean davomida Chathamdagi to'siq orolini yorib o'tdi Dovul Bob 1991 yilda to'lqinlar va bo'ronli to'lqinlarning hech qanday to'siqsiz qirg'oqqa urilishiga imkon berdi. Binobarin, plyajlardagi quyqa va qum yuvilib, boshqa joyga yotqizilmoqda. Bu ba'zi joylarda erlarni yo'q qilsa-da, boshqa joylarda erlarni yaratadi, eng muhimi, suv oqimi bilan cho'kindi jinslar yotqizilgan botqoqlarda.

Cape Cod suv qatlami gidrologik jihatdan mustaqil oltitadan iborat linzalar Keypdagi barcha shaharlar ichimlik suvini oladi (Falmouth bundan mustasno, u 2015 yilda 43,5% suvini Long Ponddan olgan).^[19][20] Septik tizimlardan sanoat kimyoviy moddalari va farmatsevtika preparatlari bilan ifloslanish xavotirga solmoqda.^[21]

Cape Cod-ning ko'rinishi ISS

Iqlim

Cape Cod ob-havosi bo'lsa-da^[22] odatda ichki mintaqalarga qaraganda ancha mo''tadil bo'ladi, chunki ba'zida bu kabi ob-havo tizimlarining og'irligini oladi 2005 yilgi bo'ron va Dovul Bob. Atlantika okeanining ta'siri tufayli harorat odatda yozda bir necha daraja pastroq, qishda esa qo'shni materikka qaraganda bir necha daraja yuqori bo'ladi. Keng tarqalgan noto'g'ri tushuncha shundaki, iqlimga asosan iliqlik ta'sir qiladi Gulf Stream joriy; ammo, bu oqim Virjiniya qirg'og'idan sharqqa buriladi va Keyp suvlariga sovuq Kanadaliklar ko'proq ta'sir qiladi. Labrador oqimi. Natijada, okean harorati kamdan-kam hollarda 65 ° F (18 ° C) dan yuqori bo'ladi, faqat Yuqori Kabning sayoz g'arbiy sohillari va janubiy qirg'oqlari bo'ylab (Nantucket tovushi ), bu erda suv harorati ba'zan 70 ° F (21 ° C) yoki undan yuqori darajaga yetishi mumkin.

Cape Cod iqlimi, shuningdek, dengizning qishda sovuq qolishi sababli bahor mavsumining kechikishi bilan ham mashhur; xuddi shu asosda dengizda saqlanib qolgan yozgi issiqlik, qo'shni ichki hududga nisbatan o'rtacha haroratni pasaytiradi. Yarim orolda qayd etilgan eng yuqori harorat, Provincetownda 104 ° F (40 ° C) bo'lgan,^[23]; qayd etilgan eng past harorat Barnstablda -12 ° F (-24 ° C) edi.^[24]

Cape Cod atrofidagi suv qishki haroratni mo''tadil darajaga etkazish uchun etarli darajada nam subtropik Shimoliy Amerikaning sharqidagi eng shimoliy chegarasi bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan iqlim zonasi, chunki Cape Codning aksariyati USDA-da chidamlilik zonasi 7a.^[25] Binobarin, janubiy kengliklarda uchraydigan ko'plab subtropik indikator o'simlik turlari, shu jumladan, u erda etishtiriladi Kameliyalar, Ilex opaca, Magnolia grandiflora va Albizia julibrissin. Biroq, Cape Cod 72 ° F (22 ° C) ostonasidan pastga tushadi, chunki eng issiq oy - iyul oyi o'rtacha 68,25 ° F (20,14 ° C) atrofida. Shuning uchun iqlimni a kabi yaxshiroq tavsiflash mumkin dengiz iqlimi yoki a nam kontinental iqlim (ayniqsa, janubga nisbatan salqinroq quruqlikdagi shamoldan himoyalangan yuqori va o'rta kapning shimoliy qirg'og'ida).

Cape Cod va Marta Vineyard va Nantucket orollarida yog'ingarchilik Yangi Angliya mintaqasidagi eng kam yog'ingarchilik bo'lib, o'rtacha yiliga 40 dyuymdan (100 sm) ozroqni tashkil qiladi (Nyu-Angliyaning aksariyat qismlari o'rtacha 42 dan 46 dyuymgacha (110 dan 120 sm gacha)). ). Buning sababi yozgi momaqaldiroqning rivojlanishi va saqlanishiga xalaqit beradigan dengiz ta'siridir. Mintaqada quyoshli kunlar soni ko'proq bo'lmaydi, ammo bulutli kunlar soni tuman bilan bir qatorda, tumanning ko'payishi bilan bir qatorda. O'rtacha, taxminan 27 dyuym (69 sm) qor, Bostondan 17 dyuymga (43 sm) kam, o'rtacha qishda tushadi.

Besh-olti yilda bir marta, a tropik bo'ron, juda baland va potentsial zararli shamollar va kuchli yomg'ir bilan birga mintaqaga zarba beradi. Taxminan har 11 yoki 12 yilda bir marta a bo'ron zararli shamollarni olib keladi va bo'ron ko'tarilishi mintaqaga. Bir nechta 3-toifa bo'ronlar Cape Cod-ni qayd etish boshlangandan beri urdi, masalan 1869 yilda bo'ron, 1938 yil Yangi Angliya dovuli va "Kerol" dovuli 1954 yilda. Kuchli 2-toifa kabi bo'ronlar 1869 yil Saksbi Geyl, Edna dovuli 1954 yilda va Dovul Bob 1991 yilda ham katta zarar etkazgan. E'tiborli 1-toifa bo'ronlarga 1944 yil Buyuk Atlantika bo'roni va Donna dovuli 1960 yilda. Boshqa diqqatga sazovor bo'ronlarga quyidagilar kiradi 1815 yilgi Geyl ehtimol Saffir-Simpson shkalasida kuchli bo'ron deb baholangan bo'lar edi va "Zo'r bo'ron "1991 yil 31 oktyabrda 2013 yil fevral oyi soatiga 80 mildan ortiq (130 km / soat) tezlikda shamollar ishlab chiqarib, Keyp Kodning ba'zi joylariga 24 dyuymdan (61 sm) ko'proq qor yog'dirdi. Bo'ron Cape Cod shahrining o'n minglab aholisining kuchini yo'qotdi, ba'zilari esa ikki haftagacha.

Mahalliy aholi

Cape Cod uyi bo'lgan Vampanoag Ko'p asrlar davomida mahalliy Amerika xalqi. Ular dengizdan omon qolishdi va yetuk dehqonlar edilar. Ular printsiplarini tushunib etishdi barqaror o'rmon boshqaruvi va yorug'lik bilan ma'lum bo'lgan boshqariladigan yong'inlar underbrushni ushlab turish uchun. Ular yordam berishdi Ziyoratchilar 1620 yil kuzida kelganlar, yangi kunlarida omon qolishdi Plimut koloniyasi.

Vampanoag o'z erlarini yo'qotdi ingliz mustamlakachilari tomonidan sotib olish va tortib olish. Hujjatli film Dar hududining mahalliy aholisi (1993), aktrisa rivoyat qilgan Julie Xarris, Cape Cod arxeologik joylari orqali Wampanoag xalqining tarixini ko'rsatadi.

1974 yilda tub amerikalik ajdodlarga ega bo'lganlarning muammolarini bayon qilish uchun Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council tashkil etildi. Ular 1975 yilda federal hukumatga va 1990 yilda yana Mashpee Wampanoagni qabila sifatida rasmiy ravishda tan olinishini so'rab murojaat qilishdi. 2007 yil may oyida Wampanoag qabilasi federal ravishda tan olingan.^[28]

Tarix

Evropa tadqiqotlari

Cape Cod dastlabki kashfiyotchilar uchun muhim belgi edi. Bu "Promontory of bo'lishi mumkin Vinland "tomonidan qayd etilgan Norse sayohatchilar (985–1025). Manomet daryosi hududi (20-asr boshlarida Keyp kod kodining g'arbiy uchi tomonidan egallab olingan), ba'zilari tomonidan tashrif buyurgan deb da'vo qilishadi. Leyf Eiriksson,^[29] va tosh devor^[30] 1805 yilda Provincetownda topilgan, shuningdek, uning ukasi tomonidan qurilgan deb da'vo qilinadi Torvald Eiriksson milodiy 1007 yil atrofida,^[31] uning kemasi keel portda ta'mirlanganda, ko'ra Norvegiyalik dostonlar. Keyinchalik u xuddi shu safarda o'ldirilgan va dafn etish uchun shu joyga qaytarilganligi aytiladi.^[32] Biroq, Cape Cod-da Norvegiya sayohatchilarining mavjudligini aniq qo'llab-quvvatlamaydi,^[33] va qarash odatda arxeologlar yoki tarixchilar tomonidan qabul qilinmaydi.^[34][35]

Jovanni da Verrazzano 1524 yilda janubdan unga yaqinlashdi. U nom berdi Martaning uzumzori Klaudiya, keyin Frantsuz Klod, xotini Frantsuz I Frantsisk.^[36] 1525 yilda portugaliyalik kashfiyotchi Estêvão Gomes suzib o'tayotganda uni Kabo de la Arenas deb atagan Ispaniya toji.^[37]

1602 yilda, Bartolomew Gosnold Cape Cod uchini, omon qolgan atamani va AQShdagi to'qqizinchi eng qadimiy ingliz joy nomini oldi.^[38] Samuel de Shamplen 1606 yilda qum bilan ishlangan portlarini jadvalga kiritdi va Genri Xadson u erga 1609 yilda kelib tushdi. Kapitan Jon Smit buni 1614 yilgi xaritasida qayd etdi va nihoyat Ziyoratchilar "Cape Harbour" ga kirdi va - mashhur afsonaga zid Plimut Rok - birinchi qo'nishni hozirgi kunga yaqin amalga oshirdi Viloyat shahri 1620 yil 11-noyabrda. Yaqin atrofda, hozirda Istxem, ular tub amerikaliklar bilan birinchi uchrashuvini o'tkazdilar.

Evropada yashash

Cape Cod inglizlar tomonidan Shimoliy Amerikada joylashtirilgan birinchi joylardan biri edi. Keypning o'n besh shahri bir chetda, asta-sekin rivojlanib bordi Barnstable (1639), Sendvich (1637) va Yarmut (1639). Keypda o'rnatiladigan so'nggi shahar bo'ldi Born 1884 yilda sendvich bilan aloqani uzgan.^[39] Provincetown 18-asrgacha kulbalar guruhi bo'lgan. Dan kanal Massachusets ko'rfazi ga Buzzards ko'rfazi Sautakning 1717 yildagi xaritasida ko'rsatilgan. Hozirgi Cape Cod kanali 1870 yildan 1914 yilgacha asta-sekin ishlab chiqilgan. Federal hukumat uni 1928 yilda sotib olgan.

Keypning o'simliklari edi depauperatsiya va daraxtlar o'sha paytda kam edi Genri Tiro Keyp Kodni 1849 yildan 1857 yilgacha bo'lgan to'rtta tashrifi paytida ko'rgan,^[40] erta mustamlakachilik joylashuvi va yerdan intensiv foydalanish tufayli. Ko'chmanchilar olov bilan isitilib, 10 dan 20 gacha (40 dan 80 m gacha) shnurlarni oldi³) uyni isitish uchun o'tin, shuning uchun ular Cape Codning ko'p qismini yog'ochdan erta tozalashdi. Ular tanish ekinlarni ekishdi, ammo bu Cape Codning muzlikdan olingan ingichka tuproqlariga mos bo'lmagan. Masalan, Istxemning katta qismi bug'doy uchun ekilgan. Tuproqqa ozuqa moddalarini chiqarish uchun ko'chmanchilar o'rmonzorlarni yoqish bilan shug'ullanishgan. Noto'g'ri va intensiv dehqonchilik eroziya va tuproqning yuqori qatlamini yo'qotishiga olib keldi. Fermerlar mollarini Massachusets qirg'og'idagi maysazor tepaliklarida boqishgan, faqat "denuded qumlarning boyroq erlarni bosib o'tib, ishlov berilgan dalalar va to'siqlarni ko'mib tashlashini" dahshat bilan tomosha qilishgan. Keyp Keypdagi qumtepalar tobora keng tarqalgan bo'lib, ko'plab portlar eroziyaga uchragan tuproq bilan to'ldirilgan.^[41]

1800 yilga kelib, Keyp Kodning o'tinining katta qismini qayiqda tashish kerak edi Meyn. O'simliklarning kamligi ko'tarilish tufayli yomonlashdi merino 1840 yil atrofida Yangi Angliyada eng yuqori cho'qqisiga chiqqan qo'ylar. erta sanoat inqilobi Massachusets shtati va Rod-Aylend, lekin u asosan mintaqada suv quvvati etishmasligi sababli Cape Codni chetlab o'tdi. Keyp yirik baliq ovi sifatida rivojlangan va kit ovlash natijada, shuningdek geografik mavqei tufayli. 1860 yildan keyin va ochilish Amerika G'arbiy, dehqonlar Keypda qishloq xo'jaligini tashlab ketishdi. 1950 yilga kelib, o'rmonlar 18-asrdan beri ko'rilmagan darajada tiklandi.

Zamonaviy davr

Klyukva 1906 yilda yig'ish

Cape Cod 19-asrning oxirlaridan boshlab shahar aholisi uchun yozgi jannatga aylandi. Yaxshilangan temir yo'l transporti Yuqori Keyp shaharlariga kirish imkoniyatini yaratdi Bostoniyaliklar, kabi Born va Falmouth. Yigirmanchi asrning boshlarida shimoliy-sharqiy merkantil elita bo'ylab ko'plab yirik, shingil "kottejlar" qurilgan. Buzzards ko'rfazi. Cape Cod tomonidan taqdim etilgan yozgi qulay muhit yozuvchilar tomonidan, shu jumladan ta'kidlangan Jozef C. Linkoln kabi mashhur jurnallarda Keyp Kodning odamlari haqidagi romanlari va son-sanoqsiz hikoyalarini nashr etgan Shanba kuni kechki xabar va Ajratuvchi.

Guglielmo Markoni birinchi transatlantik qildi simsiz Cape Cod-dan Qo'shma Shtatlarda kelib chiqqan uzatish, Wellfleet. Uning stantsiyasi joylashgan bluflar ostidagi plyaj endi deyiladi Marconi plyaji. 1914 yilda u yangi transatlantik simsiz qabul qiluvchi stantsiyani qurishni boshladi Chatham va sherik uzatuvchi stantsiya Marion. 1920 yilda stansiyalar RCA tomonidan sotib olindi va 1921 yilda Chatham dengiz radiostantsiyalari sifatida dengiz signallari yordamida dengiz kemalarida aloqa o'rnatishni boshladi. WCC. WCC kompaniyasi aloqa vositalarini qo'llab-quvvatladi Ameliya Erxart, Xovard Xyuz, Admiral Berd, va Xindenburg. Markoni Chatamni Atlantika okeanidagi uch tomoni suv bilan o'ralganligi sababli tanladi. Valter Kronkayt 2005 yilda Chatham Stantsiyasining tarixi haqida 17 daqiqalik hujjatli filmni hikoya qildi.

Cape Codning sharqqa qaragan Atlantika dengiz qirg'og'ining katta qismi keng, qumli plyajlardan iborat. 1961 yilda allaqachon uy-joy bo'linmalariga mo'ljallangan ushbu qirg'oqning muhim qismi bu qismga aylandi Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i Prezident tomonidan Jon F. Kennedi. U xususiy rivojlanishdan himoyalangan va ommaviy foydalanish uchun saqlangan. Marconi saytini o'z ichiga olgan katta qismlar jamoatchilik uchun ochiq Wellfleet. Bu Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlaridan birinchi ikki tomonlama transsoxenik radio uzatish joyini o'z ichiga olgan park. (Teodor Ruzvelt ushbu uzatishda Marconi uskunasidan foydalangan.)

The Kennedi aralashmasi yilda Hyannis porti Prezident Kennediga tegishli edi yozgi Oq uy uning prezidentligi davrida va Kennedi oilasi qarorgohda yashashni davom ettirmoqda. Prezident Grover Klivlend Bourne shahrining Grey Gables qismida joylashgan yozgi uyni saqlab qoldi. Keyp Kodning boshqa taniqli aholisi aktrisani ham o'z ichiga olgan Julie Xarris, AQSh Oliy sudining odil sudlovi Louis Brandeis, figurali uchish bo'yicha sportchi Todd Eldredj, bastakor va radio shaxsiyati Kanareyka Burton va roman yozuvchilari Norman Mailer va Kurt Vonnegut. Nufuzli mahalliy aholi orasida vatanparvar ham bor edi Jeyms Otis, tarixchi va yozuvchi Mehribonlik Otis Uorren, huquqshunos Lemuel Shou va dengiz zobiti Jon Persival.

Dengiz chiroqlari

Race Point dengiz chiroqlari yilda Viloyat shahri (1876)

Nobska

Qanotning bo'yni

Qumli bo'yin

Hyannis
Makoni

Yepiskop va xizmatchilar

V. Dennis

Yog'och
Oxiri

Uzoq Pt.

Musobaqa
Nuqta

Tog'li tog '

Nauset

Uch opa-singil

Monomoy
Nuqta

Stage Makoni

Mayo plyaji

Billingsgate oroli     

Chatham

Klivlend Ledj

Cape Cod dengiz chiroqlari

1797 yildan boshlab, dengiz chiroqlari navigatsiyada yordam berish uchun Cape Cod bo'ylab qurilgan. Highland Light (yoki Cape Cod Light) bularning eng qadimiy va eng balandi bo'lib, Cape Cod va orollarda ishlaydigan bir qator mayoqlardan biri bo'lib qolmoqda. Keyp Kodning eng qadimgi dengiz chiroqlarida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'langan va uning tomida joylashgan yorug'lik minorasi mavjud edi. posbonning uyi. Fonar xonasiga zinapoyadan faqat uyning yuqori qavatidan o'tish mumkin edi. Bu a nomi bilan tanilgan Cape Cod uslubi dengiz chiroqlari, ammo bugungi kunda faqat to'liq buzilmagan namunalar Qo'shma Shtatlarning g'arbiy qirg'og'ida.^[42]

Nauset Light 1923 yilda qurilgan va 1996 yilda xavfsizroq joyga ko'chib o'tgan Tarixiy joylarning milliy reestri.

Keyp Kodning aksariyat dengiz chiroqlari AQSh sohil xavfsizlik xizmati tomonidan boshqariladi, ba'zi istisnolardan tashqari, masalan Nauset Light, 1997 yildan beri egalik qilgan Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i (National Park Service) va 2004 yildan beri ushbu agentlik va notijorat Nauset Light Preservation Society o'rtasidagi hamkorlikda faoliyat yuritmoqda.^[43]

1996 yilda Highland Light va Nauset Light ikkalasi ham qirg'oqdan uzoqlashtirildi, chunki ularning har biri dengiz eroziyasi tufayli yo'qolish xavfi ostida edi. Keyinchalik okeandan 110 fut (34 m) balandlikda joylashgan Highland Light g'arbiy tomonga 140 fut (140 m) ga va Bluffdan 37 fut (11 m) ga ko'tarilgan Nauset Light 300 metrga (91 m) g'arbga ko'chirildi.^[44]

Cape Cod dengiz chiroqlari quyidagilarni o'z ichiga oladi:

• Yuqori burun: Nobska nuri, Qanotning bo'yin nuridir (xususiy mulk) va Klivlend Ledj Light (shuningdek xususiy).
• O'rta burun: Qumli bo'yin nuridir, Hyannis Makoni Yorug'ligi, Lyuis Bay Light (yoki Hyannis Inner Harbor Light, shuningdek xususiy), Yepiskop va xizmatchilar Light, G'arbiy Dennis Light (avval Bass River Light)
• Quyi burun: Chatham Light, Monomoy Point Light, Stage Harbor Light
• Tashqi burun: Uzoq nuqta yorug'ligi, Yog'ochdan yasalgan yorug'lik, Yugurish nuqtasi nuri, Highland Light, Nauset Light, Nausetning uchta singlisi, Mayo sohilidagi yorug'lik, Billingsgate orolidagi yorug'lik

Transport

The Bourne ko'prigi Cape Cod kanali ustida, bilan Cape Cod kanali temir yo'l ko'prigi fonda

Yo'l

Cape Cod materik bilan kanalga tutashgan bir juft magistral ko'prik bilan bog'langan Born va Sagamor 1930 yillarda qurilgan (1912 yilgi ko'prik o'rnini bosgan). Ikki parallel yo'l ko'prigi bir-biridan to'rt mil uzoqlikda, g'arbda Bourne ko'prigi va sharqda Sagamore joylashgan. Ko'priklar to'siqni hosil qiladi, natijada sayyohlik mavsumi davomida transport vositalarining zaxira nusxasi bir necha milya davom etadi - ayniqsa, dam olish kunlari boshida va dam olish kunlari oxirida plyonkada harakatlanish.

Butun Keyp taxminan uzunlik bo'yicha ikkiga bo'linadi AQSh 6-marshrut, mahalliy sifatida o'rta-Cape avtomagistrali va rasmiy ravishda Respublika avtomagistrali Buyuk armiyasi sifatida tanilgan.

Havo va suv

Cape Codga tijorat aviakompaniyasi ishlamaydi Barnstable munitsipal aeroporti va Provincetown shahar aeroporti. Umumiy aviatsiya aeroportlari:

• Chatham munitsipal aeroporti
• Falmouth aviakompaniyasi
• Cape Cod aerodromi yilda Marstons Mills, Barnstable

Bitta harbiy aeroport mavjud Otis Air milliy gvardiya bazasi.

Lar bor parom Bostondan Provintaungacha, shuningdek Hyannis va Vuds-Xoldan orollarga ulanish.

Avtobus

Cape Cod mintaqaviy tranzit boshqarmasi Hyannis va Barnstable Village-da uchta uzoq masofali yo'nalish va mahalliy avtobusni o'z ichiga olgan jamoat avtobuslari tizimida yil davomida ishlaydi. Iyun oyining o'rtalaridan oktyabr oyigacha Falmouth va Provincetownda qo'shimcha mahalliy yo'nalishlar qo'shiladi. CCRTA, shuningdek, Barnstable okrugida ishlaydi ADA - talab qilinadi paratransit (sayr qilish ) xizmati, "B-Bus" nomi ostida.

Shaharlararo avtobus xizmati orqali mavjud Plimut va Brokton ko'chasidagi temir yo'l, Boston shahar markaziga doimiy xizmat bilan va Logan aeroporti, shuningdek, Provincetownga kamroq tez-tez xizmat ko'rsatish. Piter Pan avtobus liniyalari shuningdek, shaharlararo xizmatni amalga oshiradi T.F. Yashil aeroport yilda Providens, Rod-Aylend; Nyu-York shahri; va Bog'dagi Logan aeroporti o'rtasidagi xizmat Janubiy vokzal va Woods Hole.

Temir yo'l xizmati

Cape Cod kanali orqali uchinchi ko'prik - a vertikal ko'tarish temir yo'l ko'prigi, muqobil quruqlik transporti variantini taqdim etish.

CapeFlyer dan yozgi dam olish kunlari ishlaydigan Boston va Hyannis o'rtasidagi mavsumiy yo'lovchi temir yo'l xizmati Xotira kuni orqali Mexnat kuni.

Tomonidan kunlik yo'lovchilarga temir yo'l xizmati New Haven temir yo'li Bostondan Keyp Kodgacha 1959 yil iyun oyida tugagan. Yozgi vaqt Kunduz burungi yem Nyu-York tomonidan Nyu-Yorkdan Keypgacha bo'lgan xizmat 1964 yilda tugagan. 1978 yilda Janubiy Denisning sharqiy yo'llari tark etilib, ularning o'rniga Cape Cod temir yo'li. Yana bir velosiped yo'li Shining Sea Bikeway, 1975 yilda Woods Hole va Falmouth o'rtasida tashlandiq yo'llar ustiga qurilgan va 2008 yilda Falmouth va Shimoliy Falmouth o'rtasidagi 7,4 millik (11,9 km) temir yo'l olib tashlangan va yo'l Shining dengizining kengayishiga aylangan. Velosiped yo'li.

The Cape Cod markaziy temir yo'li a meros temir yo'li Cape Cod-da. Xizmat asosan sayyohlarga yo'naltirilgan bo'lib, Hyannis va Keyp Kod Kodlari kanali orasidagi go'zal marshrut bo'ylab kechki ovqat poezdini o'z ichiga oladi va ikki soatlik sayohat atrofida davom etadi. Buzzards ko'rfaziga va u erdan Shimoliy Falmutga cheklangan xizmat ko'rsatiladi.

Faol yuk xizmati asosan Sandwich va Born shahridagi Yuqori Keyp mintaqasida joylashgan bo'lib, bu asosan axlat tashish stantsiyasida joylashgan. Cape Cod qo'shma bazasi Born-Falmut temir yo'l liniyasi bo'ylab. 1986 yilda, Amtrak yozda Nyu-York shahridan Hyannisgacha mavsumiy xizmat ko'rsatgan Cape Ceding. 1988 yildan boshlab Amtrak va Massachusets transport departamenti xizmatni kunlik chastotaga oshirish,^[45] xizmat 1996 yilda tugaguniga qadar, hozirgi CapeFlyer xizmati 2013 yilda boshlangunga qadar bo'shliqni qoldirdi.

Velosiped

Old Colony Rail Trail in Xarvich

Velosiped va piyodalarga Keypga kirish uchun janub tomonda joylashgan trotuar orqali o'tish mumkin Bourne ko'prigi.^[46] Keyp atrofida bir qancha maxsus velosiped yo'llari va yo'llari mavjud, jumladan:

• Cape Cod temir yo'li - Janubiy Dennisdan Wellfleetgacha
• Old Colony Rail Trail - Harvich va Chatham, Cape Cod temir yo'l yo'li bilan bog'langan
• Har xil yo'llar Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i^[47]
• Turli yo'llar Nikerson shtat bog'i, Cape Cod temir yo'l yo'li bilan bog'lanish
• Shining Sea Bikeway - Vuds Hole - Shimoliy Falmouth
• Kanalning ikkala tomonida Cape Cod kanali yo'li
• O'rta-Keypning turli xil asfaltlanmagan yo'llari^[48]

Uzoq masofali velosipedda, asosan yo'lda Claire Saltonstall Bikeway Cape Cod-ni bog'laydi Charlz daryosining velosiped yo'li Bostonda.

Turizm

Hyannis Makoni kuni Nantucket tovushi

Cape Cod-ning yil bo'yi aholisi 220000 kishini tashkil etadi va u har yozda sayyohlik mavsumini boshdan kechiradi, uning boshi va oxiri taxminan quyidagicha taxmin qilinishi mumkin: Xotira kuni va Mexnat kuni navbati bilan. So'nggi yillarda "mavsumda" biroz kengayib borayotgan bo'lsa-da, ko'pgina korxonalar yozgi tashrif buyuruvchilarni maqsad qilib qo'yishadi Hind yozi, turar joy stavkalari pasaytirildi, Mehnat kunidan keyin Keypni ziyorat qilganlar, maktab yoshidagi bolalari yo'q va qariyalar - haqiqiy "dam olish mavsumi" ni olti yoki etti oyga qisqartirish. In the late 20th century, tourists and owners of second homes began visiting the Cape more and more in the spring and fall, softening the definition of the high season and expanding it somewhat.

Viloyat shahri berths the original East Coast kit tomosha qilish fleet (Dolphin Fleet) who patrol the Stellwagen Bank milliy dengiz qo'riqxonasi. The fleet guarantee a whale sighting (mostly dumaloq kit, fin whale, minke kit, sei whale va juda xavfli Shimoliy Atlantika o'ng kiti ) and is the only federally certified operation qualified to rescue whales. Provincetown has also long been known as an art colony, attracting writers and artists. The town is home to the Cape's most attended art museum, the Provincetown Art Association and Museum.

Cape Cod is a popular destination for beachgoers from all over, with 559.6 miles (900.6 km) of coastline. Beaches—both public and private—are easily accessible. The Cape has upwards of sixty public beaches, many of which offer parking for non-residents for a daily fee (in summer). The Cape Cod milliy dengiz qirg'og'i has 40 miles (64 km) of sandy beach and many walking paths.

Cape Cod is also popular for its outdoor activities, such as beach walking, biking, boating, fishing, go-karts, golfing, kayaking, miniature golf, and unique shopping. There are 27 public, daily-fee golf courses and 15 private courses on Cape Cod.^[49] Yotoq va nonushta or vacation houses are often used for lodging.

Each summer, the Naukabout Music Festival is held at the Barnstable County Fair Grounds located in East Falmouth, typically during the first weekend of August. The festival features local, regional, and national talent, along with food, arts, and family-friendly activities. Some particularly well-known Cape products and industries include kızılcık, qisqichbaqalar (xususan istiridye and clams), and lobstering.

Sport baliq ovi

Cape Cod is known around the world as a spring-to-fall destination for sport anglers. Among the species most widely pursued are chiziqli bosh, ko'k baliq, moviy orkinos, false albacore (little tunny ), bonito, tautog, qalqonbaliq va chayqalmoq. The Cape Cod Bay side of the Cape, from Sandwich to Provincetown, has numerous harbors, saltwater creeks, and shoals that hold bait fish and attract the larger game fish, such as striped bass, bluefish and bluefin tuna.

The outer edge of the Cape, from Provincetown to Falmouth, faces the open Atlantic from Provincetown to Chatham, and then the more protected water of Nantucket and Vineyard Sounds, from Chatham to Falmouth. The bays, harbors and shoals along this coastline also provide a robust habitat for game species, and during the late summer months warm-water species such as mahi-mahi va marlin will also appear on the southern edge of Cape Cod's waters. Nearly every harbor on Cape Cod hosts sport fishing charter boats, which run from May through October.^[50]

One of the most popular fishing spots on the East Coast is the Cape Cod Canal. Striped bass, especially, in season attract anglers from far and wide. A large part of the attraction involves ease of access. Ample free parking exists all along the waterway, and the banks are a short walk from one's vehicle. This reduces fishing to the basics – a pole and a few lures.

Sport

Veteran's Field yilda Chatham, Massachusets shtati, uyi Chatham Anglers

The Cape has nine amateur baseball franchises playing within Barnstable County in the Cape Cod beysbol ligasi. The Wareham Gatemen also play in the Cape Cod Baseball League in nearby Varexem yilda Plimut okrugi. The league's beginning is unsettled, even fanciful. Without any basis whatsoever, some claim a start date of 1875. However, the first Cape Cod League formed in Sandwich in 1910. It did not last. Three years later - in 1913 - another Cape Cod Baseball League organized. This venture lasted two years. In 1916, a third attempt at league play barely got off the ground. Then, in 1923, an initial four teams met in Hyannis and started a successful federation along the lines of the present league. Outstanding players from throughout the region competed until the war effort led to a shutdown in 1940. In 1946, the local town teams from the prewar County Twilight League and Lower Cape Cod League organized under the Cape Cod Baseball League banner. As the years passed, local players were moved aside by outside college stars. Finally, in 1963, the league became a wholly summer collegiate circuit sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association with some Major Leagues financial support.^[51] The current teams in the league are the Bourne Braves, Brewster Whitecaps, Chatham Anglers (formerly the Chatham Athletics), Cotuit Kettleers, Falmouth Commodores, Harvich Mariners, Hyannis Harbour Hawks (formerly the Hyannis Mets), Orlean Firebirds (formerly the Orleans Cardinals), Wareham Gatemen va Yarmut - Dennis Red Sox. MLB scouts frequent the games in the summer, looking for stars of the future.

Bilan birga Cape Cod beysbol ligasi and the new Junior Hockey League team, the Cape Cod Islanders, many high school players are being recruited as well. Barnstable and Harwich have each sent multiple players to Division 1 colleges for baseball. Harwich has also won three state titles since 1996 (1996, 2006, 2007). Bourne and Sandwich, rivals in hockey, have each won state championships recently, Bourne in 2004 and Sandwich in 2007. Nauset, Barnstable, and Martha's Vineyard are also state hockey powerhouses. Barnstable and Falmouth hold the title of having one of the longest Thanksgiving football rivalries in the country. The teams have played each other every year on Thanksgiving since 1895. High school football teams on the Cape have also recently become successful and the region has also become a hot-spot for college recruiting. In 2011, four high school football teams from the Cape won state championships in their respective divisions; Dennis-Yarmouth (Division 2A), Bourne (Division 3A), Mashpee (Division 4), as well as Nantucket and Upper Cape Cod Tech (Division 5). Also, numerous other Cape schools have made appearances in the football state championship game recently, including Barnstable in 2012, Martha's Vineyard in 2008, Cape Cod Tech in 2006, and Dennis-Yarmouth in 2013. The Bourne and Barnstable girls' volleyball teams are two of the best teams in the state and Barnstable is considered one of the best programs in the country. Bourne won the state title in 2003 and 2007, and Barnstable has won 12 Division 1 state titles in the past 13 years and has won the state title the three years in a row (2011–2013). In the 2010 cross country season, Sturgis Charter Public School's Division 4 cross country team remained virtually unbeaten throughout their running season.

The Cape is home to the Cape Cod Frenzy, a team in the Amerika basketbol assotsiatsiyasi.

Soccer on Cape Cod is represented by the Cape Cod Crusaders, o'ynab USL Premer-ligasi (PDL) based in Hyannis. In addition, a summer Cape Cod Adult Soccer League (CCASL) is active in several towns on the Cape.

Cape Cod is the home of the Cape Cod Cubs, a new junior league hockey team that is based out of Hyannis at the new community center being built on Bearses Way.

The end of each summer is marked with the running of the Falmouth Road Race, held on the third Saturday in August. It draws about 10,000 runners to the Cape and showcases the finest runners in the world (mainly for the large purse that the race is able to offer). The race is 7.0 miles (11.3 km)^[52] long, which is a non-standard distance. The reason for the unusual distance is that the man who thought the race up (Tommy Leonard) was a bartender who wanted a race along the coast from one bar (The Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole) to another (The Brothers Four in Falmouth Heights). While the bar in Falmouth Heights is now the British Beer Company, the race still starts at the front door of the Cap'n Kidd in Woods Hole and now finishes at the beach in Falmouth Heights. Prior to the Falmouth race is an annual 5-mile (8.0 km) race through Brewster called the Brew Run, held early in August.

Ta'lim

Most Cape Cod towns have a few elementary schools, one or two middle schools and one large public high school that serves the entire town. Bunga istisnolar kiradi Dennis-Yarmut mintaqaviy o'rta maktabi, located in Yarmouth, which serves the two towns in its name; Monomoy mintaqaviy o'rta maktabi, located in Harwich and serving that town as well as Chatham; va Nauset mintaqaviy o'rta maktabi in Eastham, which serves the towns of Brewster, Orleans, Eastham, Wellfleet, Truro, and Provincetown. Born o'rta maktabi serves students in that town, which includes the villages of Sagamore, Sagamore Beach, and Buzzards Bay. Barnstable o'rta maktabi is the Cape's largest. Sturgis xartiyasi jamoat maktabi, a public school in Hyannis that was featured in Newsweek magazine's "Best High Schools" ranking, offers the Xalqaro bakalavr diplom dasturi in their junior and senior year and is open to students from as far away as Plimut. The Cape also has two vocational high schools. Ulardan biri Cape Cod mintaqaviy texnik litseyi in Harwich, and the other is Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical High School in Bourne.

In 1976 the Cape schools and districts petitioned the Massachusetts Legislature to create an educational collaborative, the Cape Cod Collaborative, to facilitate cooperation and efficiency in providing gifted and talented, and special needs programs. With locations in Osterville and Bourne the Cape Cod Collaborative provides transportation services, professional development, autism support, developmental training, itinerant services and an alternative education program. Each summer, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, it operates a science-based program for gifted and talented students from around the Cape.

Mashpee High School is home to the Mashpee Chapter of SMPTE, the Kino va televideniye muhandislari jamiyati. This chapter is the first and only high school chapter in the world to be a part of this organization and has received much recognition within the Los Angeles broadcasting industry as a result.

In addition to public schools, Cape Cod has a wide range of private schools. The town of Barnstable has Trinity Christian Academy, Cape Cod Academy, St. Francis Xavier Preparatory School, and Saint John Paul II High School. Bourne offers the Waldorf School of Cape Cod, Harwich offers the Lighthouse Charter School for elementary and middle school students, and Falmouth offers Falmouth Academy. Riverview School is located in East Sandwich and is a special co-ed boarding school which serves students as old as 22 who have learning disabilities. Another specialized school is the Penikese oroli School, located in the Elizabeth orollari off southwestern Cape Cod, which serves struggling and troubled teenage boys.

Cape Cod contains three institutions of higher education. Ulardan biri Cape Cod Community College located in West Barnstable. Ikkinchisi Massachusets dengiz akademiyasi qishlog'ida Buzzards ko'rfazi. Massachusetts Maritime Academy is the oldest continuously operating maritime college in the United States. Uchinchisi Bridjuvater davlat universiteti, which opened a satellite campus in South Yarmouth in January 2015. The school will provide 40 undergraduate and graduate courses leading to the completion of bachelor's degree and master's degree programs in Early Childhood Education, Educational Leadership, Secondary Education, Reading, and Special Education. The campus will also offer Certificate Programs in Business and Social Work. Beginning in the Summer 2015, the campus will begin to offer undergraduate credit courses in History.^[53][54]

In popular culture and art

The Cape Codder cocktail is named after the peninsula; both are notable for klyukva. Cape Cod also generated a distinctive Cape style house va Cape lighthouse.

The virtues of Cape Cod are extolled in the song "Old Cape Cod ".

Rassom Edvard Xopper owned a summer house in Truro, and painted numerous Cape scenes including Corn Hill (1930), Highland Light, North Truro (1930), Rich's House (1930), Yuqori yo'l (1931), House on Dune Edge (1931), Cold Storage Plant (1933) va Cottages at North Truro (1936).^[55]

Norman Mailer 's 1984 noir thriller and murder mystery novel Tough Guys Don't Dance is set in Provincetown on Cape Cod.

Ga binoan Koul Porter qo'shig'i "Let's Do It," "cold Cape Cod clams 'gainst their wish do it."

Guruh Vampire Weekend 's self-titled LP contains two songs mentioning Cape Cod, "Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa" and "Walcott".

In 1996, Massachusetts began issuing a "Cape & Islands" speciality ro'yxatdan o'tish belgisi.^[56][57]

Shuningdek qarang

• Mayflower
• Wildfire history of Cape Cod

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

Manbalar

• Brigham, Albert Perry (1920). Cape Cod and the Old Colony. Nyu-York: G.P. Putnamning o'g'illari.
• Geologic History of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, tomonidan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining Geologik xizmati (USGS)

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Cumbler, John T. Cape Cod: An Environmental History of a Fragile Ecosystem. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2014.
• Freeman, Frederick. (1860). The History of Cape Cod: The Annals of Barnstable County and of Its Several Towns (Vol. 1). Garvard universiteti.
• Freeman, Frederick. (1862). The History of Cape Cod: The Annals of Barnstable County and of Its Several Towns (Vol. 2). Garvard universiteti.
• LeBlanc, D.R. (1986). Ground-water resources of Cape Cod, Massachusetts [Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-692]. Reston, Va.: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
• Massey, A.J., C.S. Carlson, and D.R. LeBlanc. (2006). Ground-water levels near the top of the water-table mound, western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2002–04 [Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5054]. Reston, VA: AQSh Ichki ishlar vazirligi, AQSh Geologik xizmati.
• Masterson, J.P. and J.W. Portnoy. (2005). Potential changes in ground-water flow and their effects on the ecology and water resources of the Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts [General Information Product 13]. Reston, VA: AQSh Ichki ishlar vazirligi, AQSh Geologik xizmati.
• Walter, D.A. and A.T. Whealan. (2005). Simulated water sources and effects of pumping on surface and ground water, Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, Cape Cod, Massachusetts [Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5181]. Reston, VA: AQSh Ichki ishlar vazirligi, AQSh Geologik xizmati.
• Cape Cod Commission Transportation Staff (May 20, 2013). Cape Cod 2012 Regional Transportation Plan (PDF). Cape Cod Metropolitan Planning Organization. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi (PDF) on January 24, 2017. Olingan 17 aprel, 2017.

Tashqi havolalar

• Cape Cod Chamber of Commerce
• "Geologic History of Cape Cod, Massachusetts", U.S. Geological Survey
• Ripli, Jorj; Dana, Charlz A., nashr. (1879). "Cape Cod" . Amerika siklopediyasi.