Maykl Bloomberg merligi - Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg

Shahar hokimi Maykl Bloomberg (kesilgan) .jpg
Maykl Bloomberg merligi
1952 yil 1 yanvar - 2013 yil 31 dekabr
Shahar hokimiMaykl Bloomberg
PartiyaRespublika (2000–2007)
Mustaqil[1] (2007–2013)
Saylov2001, 2005, 2009
Nyu-York shahar merining bayrog'i.svg
Hokimning bayrog'i
Mayk Bloomberg Headshot (kesilgan) .jpgUshbu maqola haqida ketma-ket qismidir
Maykl Bloomberg

Maykl Bloomberg Signature.svg

Nyu-York shahar merining bayrog'i.svg

The Maykl Bloomberg merligi 2002 yil 1 yanvarda boshlangan, qachon Maykl Bloomberg sifatida ochilish marosimi bo'lib o'tdi 108-chi Nyu-York meri, va 2013 yil 31 dekabrda tugagan.

Bloomberg siyosiy sifatida tanilgan pragmatist va uning tajribasini aks ettirgan boshqaruv uslubi uchun xususiy sektor. Bloomberg shahar ma'muriyatiga statistik, natijalarga asoslangan yondashuvni qo'llashni tanladi, ularning mahoratiga qarab shahar komissarlarini tayinladi va qaror qabul qilishda ularga keng avtonomiya berdi.[iqtibos kerak ] Bloomberg 190 yillik an'ana bilan "bulpen" ni amalga oshirdi ochiq reja a-ni eslatuvchi ofis Uoll-strit savdo maydonchasi, unda o'nlab yordamchilar va boshqaruv xodimlari katta xonada bir joyga to'plangan. Dizayn hisobot berish va mavjudlikni ta'minlashga qaratilgan edi.[2] Bloombergning uchta davri oxirida Nyu-York Tayms dedi: "Nyu-York yana gullab-yashnayotgan, jozibali shahar, u erda [...] jinoyatchilik darajasi pasaygan, transport tizimi yanada samarali, atrof-muhit toza".[3]

Saylovlar va qayta saylovlar

2001 yilgi saylov

Asosiy maqola: 2001 yil Nyu-York meri saylovi

2001 yilda Nyu-York shahrining amaldagi meri, Rudy Giuliani, qayta saylanish huquqiga ega emas edi, chunki shahar meriyani ketma-ket ikki muddat bilan chekladi. Nyu-York shahrining bir necha taniqli siyosatchilari uning o'rnini egallashga intilishdi. Bloomberg, umrbod a'zosi Demokratik partiya a'zosi sifatida merlikka nomzodini qo'yishga qaror qildi Respublika partiyasi chipta.

Praymerda ovoz berish ertalabdan boshlandi 2001 yil 11 sentyabr. O'sha kuni kechqurun boshlang'ich terroristik hujumlar tufayli qoldirilgan edi Jahon savdo markazi.[4] Qaytadan o'tkazilgan asosiy saylovda Bloomberg mag'lub bo'ldi Herman Badillo, avvalgi Kongressmen, Respublikachilar nomzodi bo'lish. Ayni paytda, Demokratik partiyaning dastlabki bosqichi birinchi bosqichda g'olib chiqmadi. Keyin suv oqimi, Demokratik partiyaning nomzodi bordi Nyu-York shahar jamoat advokati Mark J. Green.

Umumiy saylovlarda Bloomberg Giuliani tomonidan tasdiqlandi. Shuningdek, u katta sarf-xarajat ustunligiga ega edi. Nyu-York shahri jamoatchiligi bo'lsa-da kampaniyani moliyalashtirish Bloomberg nomzodning qabul qilishi mumkin bo'lgan badallar hajmini cheklaydi, Bloomberg ommaviy saylov kampaniyasidan foydalanmaslikni va aksincha o'z kampaniyasini o'zi moliyalashtirishni tanladi.[5] U o'zining saylovoldi kampaniyasiga o'z pullaridan 73 million dollar sarflab, Grinni beshdan biriga oshirib yubordi.[6] Uning kampaniyasining asosiy mavzularidan biri shahar iqtisodiyoti Jahon Savdo Markazining hujumlari ta'sirida bo'lganligi sababli, unga ishbilarmonlik tajribasiga ega shahar hokimi zarurligi edi.

Respublikachilar nomzodi sifatida ishlashdan tashqari, Bloomberg saylov byulleteniga ega edi Mustaqillik partiyasi. Nyu-Yorkka tegishli birlashma Qoidalar bo'yicha, nomzod bir nechta partiyalar qatorida qatnashishi va barcha qatorlarda olingan barcha ovozlarni birlashtirishi mumkin. Demokrat Grin ham saylov byulleteniga ega edi Ishchi oilalar partiyasi. Bloomberg mustaqil ravishda "Student First" nomli mustaqil liniyani yaratdi, uning ovozlari Mustaqillik qatoridagi ovozlar bilan birlashtirilgan. Umuman olganda, u 50 foizdan 48 foizgacha g'olib bo'ldi.

Bloombergning saylanishi Nyu-York shahri tarixida birinchi marta ikki xil respublikachining ketma-ket meri etib saylanganligi bo'ldi. O'shandan beri Nyu-Yorkda bo'lib o'tgan prezidentlik saylovlarida respublikachi g'olib chiqmadi Kalvin Kulidj yutuq 1924 yilda. Bloomberg ijtimoiy deb hisoblanadi liberal: U tanlov uchun tanlov, qonuniylashtirishni ma'qullaydi bir jinsli nikoh, va qat'iyroq bo'lish uchun advokat qurolni boshqarish qonunlar.

2002 yilda Bloomberg Nyu-York shahridan Demokratik va Respublikachilar partiyalarining nomzodi bo'yicha konvensiyalarini o'tkazish taklifini yubordi 2004 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi.[7] Shahar 2004 yilda Respublikachilar milliy konferentsiyasini o'tkazish taklifini qo'lga kiritdi. Konventsiya minglab namoyishchilarni jalb qildi, ularning aksariyati mahalliy aholidan Iroq urushi va boshqa masalalar. The Nyu-York politsiya boshqarmasi taxminan 1800 namoyishchini hibsga oldi, ammo keyinchalik ishlarning aksariyati bekor qilindi.[8]

2005 yilgi saylov

Asosiy maqola: 2005 yil Nyu-York meri saylovi

Bloomberg 2005 yil noyabr oyida 20 foiz marj bilan qayta shahar meri etib saylandi, bu Nyu-Yorkning respublikachi meri uchun eng keng marja.[9]

Bloomberg o'zining saylovoldi kampaniyasiga 2005 yil oktyabr oyining oxiriga qadar 102 million dollar sarflagan.[10] Bloomberg 2004 yil oxiri yoki 2005 yil boshida Nyu-York mustaqillik partiyasi Qayta saylovoldi tashviqoti uchun ko'ngillilarni jalb qilmoqchi bo'lgan telefon bankini moliyalashtirish uchun $ 250,000.[11]

Bronks tumanining sobiq prezidenti Fernando Ferrer umumiy saylovlarda Bloombergga qarshi chiqish uchun Demokratik nomzodini qo'lga kiritdi. Tomas Ognibene Respublikachilar partiyasining asosiy saylovlarida Bloombergga qarshi kurashishga intildi.[12] Bloomberg kampaniyasi Ognibenening Saylov Kengashiga Ognibenening Respublikachilar partiyasida bo'lib o'tgan saylov byulletenlarida paydo bo'lishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun taqdim etgan etarlicha imzolariga qarshi chiqdi.[12] Buning o'rniga Ognibene faqat yugurdi Konservativ partiya chipta.[13] Ognibene Bloombergni Respublikachilar partiyasi ideallariga xiyonat qilishda, boshqalarning fikri bilan xiyonat qilishda aybladi.[14][15][16][17][18]

Bloomberg tasdiqlanishiga qarshi chiqdi Jon Roberts kabi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining bosh sudyasi.[19] O'sha paytda respublikachi bo'lsa ham, Bloomberg tarafdoridir abort qilish huquqlari va Robertsni saqlashga sodiq ekanligiga ishonmadi Roe Vadega qarshi.[19]

Respublikachilarning qo'llab-quvvatlashidan tashqari, Bloomberg bir nechta taniqli demokratlarning: sobiq Demokratik merning tasdiqlarini oldi Ed Koch; sobiq demokrat gubernator Xyu Keri; sobiq Demokratik shahar kengashi spikeri Piter Vallone va uning o'g'li Kengash a'zosi Piter Vallone, kichik; sobiq Demokratik Kongressmen Floyd Fleyk (ilgari 2001 yilda Bloomberg-ni tasdiqlagan) va Bruklin Borough Prezidenti Marti Markovits.[20]

2009 yilgi saylov

Asosiy maqola: 2009 yil Nyu-York meri saylovi

2008 yil 2 oktyabrda Bloomberg ushbu muddatni uzaytirishga intilishini ma'lum qildi shaharning muddati cheklangan va 2009 yilda uchinchi marotaba merlik lavozimiga nomzodini qo'ygan va shu vaqt ichida o'z sohasining etakchisiga ehtiyoj borligini ta'kidlagan Uoll-stritdagi moliyaviy inqiroz. "Ushbu moliyaviy inqirozni hal qilish zarur xizmatlarni kuchaytirish paytida ... bu men zimmamga olmoqchi bo'lgan muammo", dedi Bloomberg matbuot anjumanida. "Shunday qilib, shahar Kengashi muddatlarga o'zgartirishlar kiritish uchun ovoz berishi kerak bo'lsa, men Nyu-York aholisidan mening mustaqil rahbarligim haqidagi yozuvlarimni ko'rib chiqishni va keyin yana muddat topgan-qilmasligimni hal qilishni so'rashni rejalashtirmoqdaman."[21] Bloomberg Ronald Lauderga va'da berdi, u Nyu-York shahrining muddatlarini 1993 yilda yozgan va meri sakkiz yilgacha ishlay olishi uchun o'z pulidan 4 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'sarflagan,[22] nufuzli taxtada o'tirish;[23] u kelajakdagi qonuniylik masalalaridan chetda qolishga rozi bo'ldi va uchinchi muddatga saylanish uchun Bloomberg tomonini oldi.[24] NYPIRG shahar manfaatlar to'qnashuvi kengashiga shikoyat bilan murojaat qildi.[25] 2008 yil 23 oktyabrda shahar Kengashi 29-22 ovoz bilan ovoz berish muddatini ketma-ket to'rt yillik muddatgacha uzaytirishni qo'llab-quvvatladi va shu bilan Bloombergga yana o'z nomzodini qo'ydi.[26] Ikki kunlik jamoatchilik muhokamasidan so'ng Bloomberg 3-noyabr kuni qonun loyihasini imzoladi.[27]

Bloombergning uchinchi muddatga da'vogarligi ba'zi qarama-qarshiliklarni keltirib chiqardi. Fuqarolik erkinliklari oldingi kabi Nyu-York fuqarolik erkinliklari ittifoqi Direktor Norman Siegel Nyu-York fuqarolik huquqlari koalitsiyasining ijrochi direktori Maykl Meyers Nyu-York shtati senatori kabi mahalliy siyosatchilar bilan birlashdi Erik Adams muddatlarning uzaytirilishiga norozilik bildirish.[28]

Bloombergning raqibi edi Demokratik va Ishchi oilalar partiyasi nomzod Bill Tompson, kim bo'lgan Nyu-York shahridagi nazoratchi o'tgan sakkiz yil va undan oldin Prezident Nyu-York shahar Ta'lim kengashi.[29] Bloomberg Tompsonni 50,6 foizdan 46,0 foizgacha ovoz bilan mag'lub etdi.[30]

2010 yil yanvar oyida Mustaqillik partiyasining saylovoldi tashviqotlari chiqarilgandan so'ng, Bloomberg 2009 yil 30 oktyabr va 2 noyabr kunlari Mustaqillik partiyasiga o'zining shaxsiy hisob raqamidan $ 600,000 miqdorida ikki hissa qo'shganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi.[31] Keyinchalik Mustaqillik partiyasi ushbu pulning 750 ming dollarini Respublikachilar partiyasining siyosiy operativ xodimi Jon Xagertiga kichikga to'lagan.[32]

Bu 2010 yil fevral oyida ofis tomonidan olib borilgan tergovni talab qildi Nyu-York okrugi prokurori Kirus Vens, kichik mumkin bo'lmagan huquqbuzarliklarga.[33] Keyinchalik Istiqlol partiyasi Xaggerti saylovchilarni kuzatishga borishi kerak bo'lgan pulni qanday sarf qilgani haqida savol tug'dirdi.[34] Nyu-York shtatining sobiq senatori Martin Konnor Bloomberg xayriya mablag'lari joriy kampaniyalar uchun mo'ljallangan hisob raqamiga emas, balki Mustaqillik partiyasining uy xo'jaligi hisob raqamiga berilganligi sababli, bu kampaniyani moliyalashtirish to'g'risidagi qonunlarni buzgan deb da'vo qilmoqda.[35] Xaggerti, shuningdek, Bloomberg-dan ofis uchun alohida ajratilgan 200 ming dollarlik xayriya mablag'larini sarfladi.[36] 2011 yilda Xagerti Bloombergdan saylovoldi tashviqoti mablag'larini o'g'irlashda aybdor deb topildi; u o'z aybini tan oldi va uchdan biri to'rt yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum qilindi.[37]

2013 yilgi saylovlarni tasdiqlash

Asosiy maqola: 2013 yil Nyu-York meri saylovi

2013 yil 13 sentyabrda Bloomberg amaldagi nomzodlarning birortasini uning o'rnini egallashini qo'llab-quvvatlamasligini e'lon qildi.[38][39] O'zining radioeshittirishida u shunday dedi: "Men buni keyingi shahar hokimi uchun murakkablashtiradigan narsa qilishni xohlamayman. Va bu men poygada o'zimni tasdiqlamaslikka qaror qilganimning sabablaridan biri." U qo'shimcha qildi: "Men u kishining muvaffaqiyatga erishishiga, biz qilgan ishlarni olib, shunga tayanishga tayyorligiga ishonch hosil qilmoqchiman".

Intervyusida e'lon oldin Nyu York Bloomberg jurnali, buni maqtadi Nyu-York Tayms uni tasdiqlash uchun Kristin Kvinn va Djo Lxota o'z navbatida, Demokratik va Respublikachilarning boshlang'ich saylovlarida eng sevimli nomzodlari sifatida.[40][41] Demokratlar partiyasida o'tkazilgan dastlabki saylovlarda Kvinn uchinchi o'rinni egalladi va Lhota respublikachilar partiyasida g'olib bo'ldi.

Oyning boshida Bloomberg Demokratik shahar merligiga nomzodga nisbatan aytgan so'zlari uchun matbuotda jazolangan edi Bill de Blasio kampaniyasi usullari.[42] Bloomberg dastlab aytgan Nyu York u de Blasioning saylovoldi kampaniyasini "irqchi" deb hisoblagan jurnal intervyusi.[43]

Xo'sh, yo'q, yo'q, demoqchimanki, u oilasini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun murojaat qilgan. Menimcha, u nima qilayotganini tomosha qilayotgan odamga bu juda aniq. Men uning o'zi irqchi deb o'ylamayman. Yahudiylarning ovozini jalb qilishda men yahudiy ekanligimni ko'rsatib, men bilan solishtirish mumkin. Siz xabarlarni tinglovchilaringizga moslashtirasiz va tinglovchilaringiz qiziqtirgan masalalarni hal qilasiz.[43]

Jamoatchilik fikri

2006 va 2007 yillar davomida Bloomberg tomonidan tasdiqlangan reytinglar doimiy ravishda 70% dan yuqori bo'lgan Quinnipiac University Polling Institute. Respublikachilar, demokratlar va mustaqil saylovchilar o'rtasidagi farq juda oz edi. "Buni qanday bo'lsa shunday chaqiradigan samarali, sodda yigit - bu meri Bloombergning eng jozibali sifati, deb o'ylaydi Nyu-Yorkliklar. Va ularga uning ishbilarmonning ishga bo'lgan munosabati yoqadi", dedi u. Quinnipiac ovoz berish rejissyor Mauris Kerol.[44]

Bloomberg 2010 yil avgust oyida 49% ma'qullash reytingiga ega bo'lib, aprel oyida 56% bo'lgan.[45] Shuningdek, avgust oyida Demokratik saylovchilarning 47 foizi respublika saylovchilarining 55 foiziga nisbatan ma'qullashlarini bildirgan. Marist kollejining jamoatchilik fikri instituti direktori Li Miringoff a jahon iqtisodiy tanazzuli Bloomberg tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan pozitsiyasi bilan birlashganda Ground Zero yaqinidagi islomiy majmua - Bloomberg egalarining qurish huquqini himoya qilganlar, agar boshqa bir necha kishi buni amalga oshirgan bo'lsa - Bloombergning ovoz berish raqamlarini pasaytirgan.[45]

2010 yil noyabr oyida, a Davlat siyosati bo'yicha so'rovnoma Nyu-York shahri va tashqarisida amerikalik ro'yxatdan o'tgan saylovchilar o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rov natijalariga ko'ra 19% saylovchilar Bloomberg-ning ijobiy fikrlarini bildirishdi. 38% ko'plik salbiy fikrni bildirdi.[46]

2014 yil yanvar oyida Quinnipiac Ovoz berish natijalariga ko'ra, saylovchilarning 64 foizi Bloombergning 12 yil meri bo'lganini "asosan muvaffaqiyat" deb atashdi.[47]

Ommaviy tashabbuslar

Infratuzilma

Texnologiya

Bloomberg texnologiya nafaqat Nyu-York shahri hukumatini yanada samarali va ta'sirchan, balki shaffofroq qilishi mumkin degan fikr bilan ish boshladi. Uning birinchi yirik texnologik tashabbusi - Nyu-York shahrining minglab shaxsiy agentlik telefon raqamlarini bitta 3 xonali raqamga, 3-1-1 raqamiga birlashtirish edi. Bloomberg Nyu-York aholisi uchun bitta telefon raqamini eslab qolish oson kechishini sezdi. 311 tarqatish shu qadar muhim ediki, maosh olmasdan ma'muriyatga qo'shilgan qizi Emma Bloombergni loyihani ta'minlash uchun Axborot texnologiyalari va telekommunikatsiyalar departamenti (DoITT) komissari Gino P. Menchini bilan yaqin hamkorlik qilishni tayinladi. tezlik bilan harakatlandi.[48] Loyiha shubha bilan kutib olingan bo'lsa-da, 2003 yilda 311 tasi jonli efirga uzatildi va shu vaqtdan beri Bloomberg ma'muriyatining muhim yutuqlaridan biriga aylandi.[49] 2007 yil iyun oyida 311 50 millioninchi qo'ng'iroqni qabul qildi va Bloomberg o'zi 2010 yil may oyida 100 millioninchi qo'ng'iroqni amalga oshirdi.[50]

Bloombergning yana bir texnologik tashabbusi - bu yaratilish edi NYC Media. Kabel televideniesi operatorlari bilan franchayzing shartnomalari asosida Nyu-York shahri har doim mahalliy kabel provayderlarining qimmatbaho spektrlaridan foydalanish imkoniyatiga ega edi. Cablevision va Time Warner kabeli, lekin kanallardan ozgina foydalangan. 2002 yilda ish boshlagandan so'ng, Bloomberg kampaniyaning ikkita ishonchli yordamchisini topdi, Set Unger va Arick Wierson, shaharning kabel kanallarini yangilash uchun. 2003 yilda Bloomberg ularning yaratilishini, NYC TV deb nomlangan tarmoqni namoyish etdi. Odatdagidan farqli o'laroq Hukumat tomonidan foydalaniladigan televidenie (GATV) mahalliy kanallarni boshqaradi, NYC TV mahalliy turmush tarzi va tadbirlari, bog'lar, tarix va madaniyatga e'tibor qaratadi. Nyu-York shahar kengashining ba'zi a'zolari dastlab tarmoqni haddan tashqari reyting bilan bandligini tanqid qilishdi. Shunga qaramay, ushbu tarmoq, birinchi navbatda, mahalliy moda sanoati va mahalliy san'at va musiqa sahnalarini qamrab olganligi uchun birinchi darajaga ko'tarildi. Yaratilishidan beri NYC TV mahalliy translyatorni o'zlashtira boshladi WNYE-TV Nyu-York mintaqasida bitta to'liq quvvatli radioeshittirish stantsiyasi, to'rtta kabel stantsiyasi va bitta FM radiostantsiyasi bilan eng katta mahalliy eshittirish tarmog'i sifatida paydo bo'ldi. NYC Media. Ko'p jihatdan Bloombergning NYC TV mahalliy televizion manzarani qayta yaratishi mumkinligiga ishonchi asosan haqiqatga aylandi. 2006 yilda, WNBC Nyu-York telekanalining 100 soatlik original ko'rsatuvlarini efirga uzatish uchun katta sindikat shartnomasini tuzdi. Tarmoq ko'plab Nyu-Yorkda g'olib bo'ldi Emmi tashkil topganidan beri va "kabi seriyalarNyu-York sirlari "PBS, DiSH Network, aviakompaniyalar va chet elda milliy ravishda tarqatilmoqda.[51] 2009 yil aprel oyida Bloomberg NYC Media prezidenti Arick Wiersonning xususiy sektorga qaytishini e'lon qildi va bu Ketrin Oliver, keyin shaharning kino komissari, Wiersonning NYC telekanallarida eng yuqori darajadagi ijrochi rolini bajarishga kirishgan bo'lar edi.[52]

Transport

Bloomberg u minib yurishini aytdi Nyu-York metrosi har kuni, xususan, uyidan o'z ofisiga boradigan qatnovda hokimiyat. 2007 yil avgust oyidagi voqea The New York Times uni ikki kishi tez-tez haydovchilar tomonidan ko'rilganligini ta'kidladilar Nyu-York politsiya boshqarmasi Mahalliydan tezyurar poezdga o'tishni oldini olish uchun tezyurar temir yo'l stantsiyasiga tegishli taniqli SUVlar IRT Lexington avenyu liniyasi.[53] Shuningdek, u qurilishini qo'llab-quvvatladi 7 Metro kengaytmasi va Ikkinchi avenyu metrosi; 2013 yil 20-dekabrda Bloomberg yangi poyezdga tantanali sayohat qildi 34-chi ko'cha mer sifatida merosining bir qismini nishonlash uchun stantsiya.[54][55]

Saqlash va rivojlantirish

Bloomberg keng miqyosli tarafdoridir rivojlanish kabi ishlatilmaydigan yoki bo'sh turgan erlar, shu jumladan Atlantika hovlilari rivojlanish, Xadson-Yard qayta ishlab chiqish va Harlem rezoning taklifi.[56] Bloomberg ko'p qismini saqlab qolgan rejani qo'llab-quvvatladi Admiralning qatori.[57][58] Bloomberg tarixiy asrab-avaylashda 40 dan ortiq tarixiy tumanlarni yaratdi yoki kengaytirdi va tarixiy obidani bekor qilishga veto qo'ydi Ostin, Nichols va kompaniya ombori.[59][60] Ushbu harakat me'morchilik tarixchilari tomonidan keng olqishlandi. Shunga qaramay, shahar Kengashi vetoni bekor qildi.[61]

Iqtisodiyot

Bloomberg o'zini a fiskal konservativ shaharning 6 milliard dollarlik defitsitini 3 milliard dollarga teng profitsitga aylantirgani uchun; ammo, konservativ PAC O'sish uchun klub ko'payganligi sababli uni tanqid qildi mol-mulk solig'i va shu bilan birga sarflash.

Fiskal konservativ bo'lish kambag'allarga yordam beradigan yoki sog'liqni saqlashni yaxshilaydigan yoki dasturni ta'minlaydigan dasturlarni qisqartirish emas. ijtimoiy xavfsizlik tarmog'i. Gap shundaki, xizmatlar tezkor ravishda taqdim etilib, faqat ularga muhtoj bo'lgan odamlarga murojaat qilinadi va kerakli natijalarga erishiladi. Fiskal konservatorlarning ham qalbi bor - lekin biz ham miyamizdan foydalanishni talab qilamiz va bu natijalarni talab qilishni va ularni ishlab chiqarishda hukumatni javobgar qilishni anglatadi.
Fiskal konservatizm men uchun byudjetni muvozanatlashtirishni anglatadi - kelgusi avlod ololmaydigan kamomadlarni emas. Bu ozroq mablag 'sarflash uchun innovatsion usullarni izlab, xizmatlar ko'rsatish samaradorligini oshirishni anglatadi. Mumkin bo'lgan hollarda soliqlarni qisqartirish va byudjetni muvozanatlash uchun zarur bo'lgan hollarda va umuman xarajatlarni qisqartirish bilan birgalikda ularni ko'paytirish kerak. Bu degani, agar siz ortiqcha narsani ishlatsangiz, uni tejaysiz; siz uni bekorga sarflamaysiz. Va eng muhimi, fiskal konservativ bo'lish bu muqarrar iqtisodiy tanazzulga tayyorlanish demakdir - va barcha ko'rsatmalarga ko'ra bizni kutib olishadi.

— Maykl Bloomberg, nutq Buyuk Britaniya konservativ partiyasi, 2007 yil 30 sentyabr[62]

Bloomberg: "Soliqlar yaxshi narsa emas, lekin agar siz xizmat ko'rsatishni istasangiz, kimdir ular uchun pul to'lashi kerak, shuning uchun ular zarur bo'lgan yovuzlikdir", deya soliqlarga nisbatan noroziligini bildirdi.[63] Shahar hokimi sifatida u byudjet loyihalarini moliyalashtirish uchun mol-mulk solig'ini oshirdi; ammo, 2007 yil yanvar oyida u mol-mulk solig'ini besh foizga kamaytirishni va savdo soliqlarini kamaytirishni, shu jumladan kiyim va poyabzalga soliqlarni bekor qilishni taklif qildi. Bloomberg quyidagilarga ishora qildi Uoll-strit foyda va ko'chmas mulk bozori shahar iqtisodiyoti yuqori sur'atlarda rivojlanayotgani va soliq imtiyoziga dosh bera olishining dalili sifatida.[64]

Bloomberg o'zini fiskal konservatizm bilan ta'riflagan, shuningdek, u lavozimiga kirishganida mavjud bo'lgan 6 milliard dollarlik defitsitni yo'q qilishga olib keldi. Bloomberg mablag 'yig'ish orqali Nyu-York shahrining byudjetini muvozanatlashtirdi mol-mulk solig'i va shahar idoralariga qisqartirishlarni amalga oshirish.[65] 2004 yilda Bloomberg ma'muriyati uy-joy mulkdorlari uchun mol-mulk solig'i bo'yicha 400 AQSh dollar miqdorida chegirma yaratdi, bu 2002 yilda o'tgan mol-mulk solig'ini oshirish xarajatlarini qopladi va bu byudjetni muvozanatlashiga yordam berdi.[66]

11 sentyabr voqealaridan so'ng, Bloomberg va Gubernator Jorj Pataki lobbi qildi Goldman Sachs o'sha paytdagi bosh direktor Xank Polson qarama-qarshi shtab-kvartirasini tashkil etish Zaminli nol 1,65 milliard dollarlik shtat va shaharlar soliq imtiyozlarini va'da qilish orqali. Bloomberg ushbu bitim haqida: "Bu erda [Nyu-Yorkda] yashash va ishlashni istaganlar eng yaxshi joy. Shuning uchun men unga [Polsonga]:" Biz soliqlarni minimallashtirishda yordam bera olamiz. Sizning ijarangizni minimallashtirish. Xavfsizlikni yaxshilash. Ammo oxir, bu odamlar haqida. '"[67]

2002 yilda, Nyu-York shahrining tranzit ishchilari ish tashlash bilan tahdid qilganda, Bloomberg shahar tomonidan transport vositalarini topib, kasaba uyushmalariga pand bermasdan, tranzit ish tashlashi bilan qanday kurashish mumkinligini ko'rsatish uchun shahar bo'ylab tog 'velosipedida yurish bilan javob berdi.[68] Uch yil o'tgach, Bloomberg va Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi ish haqi va kasaba uyushma imtiyozlari ustidan uch kun davom etgan to'liq ish tashlashga olib keldi. Muzokaralar 2005 yil dekabrida ish tashlashni tugatishga olib keldi, ammo Bloomberg tomonidan vaziyatni ko'rib chiqish borasida tortishuvlar mavjud.[69]

Bloomberg ishonchli tarafdori erkin savdo va qat'iyan qarshi protektsionizm, "Bizni xavotirga soladigan narsa - bu mamlakatda yana boshini ko'targan bu protektsionistik harakat ..." deya ta'kidlab, u o'sishidan xavotirda. Xitoy va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va boshqa mamlakatlar o'rtasidagi tobora kamayib borayotgan tafovutdan qo'rqadi: "Qolgan dunyo bizni quvib chiqmoqda va bizni ortda qoldiradiganlar bor. Umid qilamanki ular noto'g'ri. Bizni hali ham yaxshi deb o'ylaydiganlar umid qilaman Shunga qaramay, bu muammolarni hal qilish vaqti hozirda. "[70]

Bloomberg bunga katta urg'u berdi xalq salomatligi ko'pchilikni qabul qilib, farovonlik liberal siyosatlar. Hokim sifatida u OIV bilan kasallangan, diabet va gipertoniya barcha ustuvor vazifalar. 2003 yilda u barcha yopiq ish joylarida, shu jumladan bar va restoranlarda chekishni taqiqlashni muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirdi va boshqa ko'plab shaharlar va shtatlar ham unga ergashdi.[71][72] Bloomberg agentligi kuchli tarafdoridir Nyu-York Sog'liqni saqlash va shifoxonalar korporatsiyasi - Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng yirik shahar sog'liqni saqlash agentligi - 1,3 milliondan ziyod Nyu-York aholisiga xizmat qiladi va axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalanishni va Elektron sog'liqni saqlash yozuvlari samaradorlikni oshirish va bemorlarga yordamni kuchaytirish.[73] U deb nomlangan dasturni ishga tushirdi Imkoniyat NYC bu millatning birinchi shartli pul o'tkazmasi Nyu-York aholisiga yordam berishga mo'ljallangan uchuvchi dastur qashshoqlik aylanishi shaharda. U 50000 Nyu-York aholisini uy-joy bilan ta'minlashi kerak bo'lgan 7,5 milliard dollarlik munitsipalitetga muvofiq uy-joy qurish rejasini tuzdi, bu mamlakatdagi eng yirik.[74]

Bloomberg qashshoqlik va toifadagi toifadagi toifalarning tobora ko'payib borayotganidan xavotirda bo'lib, "Bu jamiyat oldinga borolmaydi, biz boy va kambag'allar o'rtasidagi tafovut tobora o'sib boradigan yo'lda davom eta olmaydi" dedi.[70]

Atrof muhit

Bloomberg atrof-muhit masalasida eng faol shahar hokimlaridan biri bo'lgan. 2007 yil 22 aprelda u PLANYC-ni e'lon qildi: 2030 yilgacha Nyu-York shahrining atrof-muhit barqarorligini sezilarli darajada yaxshilash uchun agressiv dastur.[75] 2007 yil 23 mayda Bloomberg 2012 yilga kelib butun shahar medallion taksilar bo'ladi gibrid avtomobillar.[76]PLANYC, shaharning barqarorligini ko'p qirrali yondashuv orqali yaxshilashga qaratilgan bo'lib, unga boshqa narsalar qatori qabul qilishni ham o'z ichiga oladi. tirbandlik narxlari hozirda Londonda ishlatiladigan tizimga asoslangan va Singapur. Bloomberg ushbu chora ifloslanishni kamaytiradi va deb ta'kidladi tirbandlik shahar uchun daromadni oshirish paytida.[77] Shuningdek, u havoni tozalash va mulk qiymatini oshirish maqsadida Nyu-York shahrida bir million daraxt ekishga va'da berdi.[78]

2012 yilda, Sayohat + Bo'sh vaqt Nyu-York shahri eng ko'p olib tashlanmagan, omma oldida ko'rinadigan axlatga ega bo'lganligi uchun "Amerika iflos shaharlari" deb baholandi.[79] Shaharda havo sifati, ammo Bloomberg davrida 50 yil ichida eng toza bo'lgan.[80]

Bilan ishlashda Global isish va unda Nyu-Yorkning roli, Bloomberg rejasini amalga oshirdi PlaNYC: Yashilroq, Buyuk Nyu-York global isishga qarshi kurashish, himoya qilish atrof-muhit va Nyu-Yorkni 2030 yilga qadar shaharda istiqomat qilishi kutilayotgan yana bir million odamga tayyorlash.[81] Bloomberg boshqa shaharlarni o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirishga undashda ishtirok etdi va asosiy ma'ruzani taqdim etdi C40 yirik shaharlar iqlim sammiti va "global isish haqiqat ekanligini endi shubhasiz bilamiz. Va barchamiz javob berishimiz kerak bo'lgan savol - bu borada nima qilishimiz kerak?" Bloomberg shuningdek, ob-havo o'zgarishini kamaytirish orqali qanday kurash olib borishi haqida gapirdi karbonat angidrid chiqindilari, toza va samaraliroq foydalanish yoqilg'i va dalda beruvchi jamoat transporti.[82] Uning g'oyalari vaqti-vaqti bilan rad etilgan, masalan, Nyu-York shtati assambleyasi uning ariza berish g'oyasini rad etgan tirbandlik narxlari Manxettenning 60-ko'chasi ostida.

2013 yil 14 fevralda Bloomberg man qilishni taqiqlashga chaqirdi Strafor oziq-ovqat mahsuloti. U ko'proq plastmassa va oziq-ovqat chiqindilarini qayta ishlashni boshlashni iltimos qildi.[83]

2013 yil 21 fevralda Bloomberg neft boyligi bilan gaplashdi T. Boone Pickens yangi ekologik toza oziq-ovqat yuk mashinasini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun. Matbuot anjumani bo'lib o'tdi. Neapolitan Express kompaniyasi, ularning mobil pitsereyasi gaz yoki dizel yoqilg'isida ishlaydigan yuk mashinalariga qaraganda qanday qilib 75% kamroq issiqxona chiqindilarini chiqarayotganini tushuntirdi. Kompaniya 2013 yil boshida ishga tushirilishi kutilgandi.[84]

Odamlarga tegishli siyosat

Ijtimoiy siyosat

Bloomberg 2004 yil avgust oyida nutq so'zladi

Bloomberg agentligi qo'llab-quvvatladi qonuniylashtirish ning Nyu-Yorkda bir jinsli nikoh. Shunga qaramay, u Nyu-York shtatida bir jinsli nikohning cheklanishini konstitutsiyaga zid deb topgan qaror ustidan shikoyat qildi. "Mening shaxsiy fikrim shuki, hech kimga hech kimga turmushga chiqishga ruxsat berilishi kerak. Men sizning kim bilan turmush qurishingizga chek qo'yishimiz kerak deb o'ylamayman. ... Shahar bo'lishini istamaydigan narsa - odamlar nikoh guvohnomasini olishmoqda. keyin olti oy, yoki bir yil o'tgach, yoki ikki yil o'tgach, ma'nosizligini bilib, "dedi u.[85]

Immigratsiya

Bloomberg tarafdori edi immigratsiya Nyu-York shahri aholisining katta qismini tashkil etadigan hujjatsiz muhojirlarning huquqlarini ta'minlash bo'yicha islohot. Uning ta'kidlashicha, deportatsiya oilalarni buzadi va hujjatsiz muhojirlarni huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari bilan hamkorlik qilishdan yoki hayotiy muhim ijtimoiy xizmatlardan foydalanishdan uzoqlashtiradi; shuning uchun u ilgari surgan takliflarni qo'llab-quvvatladi AQSh senatorlari Ted Kennedi va Jon Makkeyn Bu allaqachon mavjud bo'lgan boshqa qonunlarga bo'ysunmaydigan hujjatsiz muhojirlarning holatini normallashtiradi. Bloomberg, shuningdek, chegaralarni majburiy bajarish befoyda deb hisoblagan. U 2006 yil 5 iyulda AQSh Senatining Sud-huquq qo'mitasida Federal immigratsiya qonunchiligini sinchkovlik bilan tinglashda shunday dedi: "Go'yo biz chegara nazorati agentlaridan bir asrlik kommunizm qila olmaydigan narsani qilishni kutmoqdamiz: talab va taklifning tabiiy kuchlarini mag'lubiyatga uchratib," erkinlik va imkoniyat uchun tabiiy insoniy instinkt. Siz dengiz sohilida o'tirib, oqimga kirmang deb aytishingiz ham mumkin. "[86]

U shuningdek chiqargan Ijroiya buyrug'i 2003 yil 17 sentyabrda 41-sonli hujjat shahar xodimlariga immigratsiya holati to'g'risida ma'lumotni so'ramaslik va oshkor qilmaslikni ko'rsatma beradi, agar qonun yoki tashkiliy missiya talab qilmasa.[87][88]

Jinoyat

Bloomberg davrida mer davrida boshlangan jinoyatchilikning kamayishi Rudy Giuliani muddati [89] davom etdi. Bloombergning bu masalaga munosabati, uysizlar va fuqarolik huquqlarini himoya qilish tashkilotlari himoyachilari tomonidan tez-tez tanqid qilinadigan Djulianiga qaraganda ancha past edi. Shunga qaramay, jinoyatchilikning kamayganligi to'g'risidagi statistik ma'lumotlarning tez-tez soxtalashtirilishi yoki kamayishini oshirib yuborish uchun shifokorlarga murojaat qilishlari haqida ba'zi tanqidlar mavjud.[90][91] Ga binoan Salon.com, "Bloomberg hanuzgacha tomonlarini saqlab qoldi Giuliani Menejment uslubi bilan u shov-shuvli ritorikani jiddiy ravishda orqaga qaytardi. "[92]

Raymond Kelli, Bloombergning 2002 yildagi politsiya komissari o'zining moliyaviy ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, "2008 yilda Florida shtatiga oltita, 2009 yilda esa yana beshta samolyot parvoz qilgani haqida ma'lum qildi. Belorussiya ma'muri tomonidan belgilangan miqdordagi xarajat evaziga Bloomberg."[93]

Bloomberg NYPD-ni qo'llab-quvvatlagani uchun tanqidga uchradi stop va frisk dasturi, afroamerikaliklar va lotin amerikaliklarni nohaq nishonga olgani uchun tanqid qilingan.[94] Dastur adolatsiz ravishda afro-amerikalik va ispan-amerikalik shaxslarni nishonga olganligi haqidagi da'volarga javoban, o'sha paytda shahar hokimi Maykl Bloomberg afro-amerikaliklar va ispan-amerikaliklar zo'ravon jinoyatchilar va zo'ravonlik jinoyati qurbonlari bo'lishlari ehtimoli ko'proq ekanligini ta'kidladilar.[95] Bilan 2013 yil iyun oyida bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida WOR Radio Bloomberg tushuntirdi

Bitta gazeta va bitta yangiliklar xizmati, ular shunchaki "bu ma'lum bir etnik guruhning nomutanosib foizi" deyishadi. Bunday bo'lishi mumkin, ammo guvohlar va jabrlanuvchilar [jinoyat] sodir etgan deb ta'riflaydiganlarning nomutanosib foizi emas. Bunday holda, tasodifan, biz nomutanosib ravishda oqlarni juda ko'p, ozchiliklarni juda kam to'xtatamiz deb o'ylayman.[96]

2020 yil fevral oyida Maykl Bloombergning 2015 yil fevral oyida dasturni himoya qilganligi haqidagi audio yozuv paydo bo'ldi Aspen instituti tadbir. Bloomberg nutqida shunday dedi:

Qotilliklarning to'qson besh foizi - qotillar va qotillik qurbonlari bitta M.O.ga to'g'ri keladi. Siz shunchaki tavsifni, Xerox-ni olishingiz va barcha politsiyaga etkazishingiz mumkin. Ular erkaklar, ozchiliklar, 16 yoshdan 25 yoshgacha. Nyu-Yorkda shunday, deyarli har bir shaharda shunday (eshitilmaydi). Va haqiqiy jinoyat shu erda. Qurolni o'ldirayotgan odamlarning qo'lidan olish kerak. Shunday qilib, siz pulni ko'chalarda ko'plab politsiyachilarga sarflamoqchisiz. Ushbu politsiyachilarni jinoyat sodir etiladigan joyga qo'ying, ya'ni ozchiliklar yashaydigan mahallalarda. Demak, kutilmagan oqibatlarning biri odamlar: "Ey Xudoyim, siz bolalarni marixuana uchun qamoqqa olmoqdasiz", deyishadi. Ha, bu haqiqat. Nima uchun? Chunki biz barcha politsiyachilarni ozchiliklar yashaydigan mahallalarga joylashtirdik. Ha, bu haqiqat. Nima uchun buni qilamiz? Chunki hamma jinoyat shu erda. Qurollarni bolalarning qo'lidan qanday qilib olish mumkin - ularni devorga uloqtirish va ularni qovurish ... Va keyin ular boshlashadi ... "Oh, men qo'lga tushishni xohlamayman". Shunday qilib ular qurolni olib kelishmaydi. Ularda hali ham qurol bor, lekin uni uyda qoldirishadi.[97][98][99]

Terrorizm

2003 yildan boshlab, Bloomberg federalni talab qilishni tobora kuchaytira boshladi ichki xavfsizlik mablag'lar boshqa choralar emas, balki Nyu-York singari xavf va aholiga qarab belediyalarga tarqatiladi. Oldida ko'rinishda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati u federal xavfsizlik mablag'larini "yerfıstığı yog'i" singari tarqatib yuborilmasligi kerak, deb ta'kidladi.[100]

2008 yilda Bloomberg, shu bilan birga Nyu-York shahar politsiya komissari Raymond Kelli, ishga tushirdi Manxettenning quyi xavfsizlik tashabbusi, xavfsizlik va nazorat terroristik tahdidlarni aniqlash uchun mo'ljallangan tarmoq.[101] Ushbu tashabbus 3000 dan ortiq yangi qurilmani o'rnatishga rahbarlik qildi xavfsizlik kameralari yilda Quyi Manxetten, shuningdek 100 ga teng avtomashina raqamini tanib olish plitalarni skanerlash va ma'lumotlar bazasidagi ma'lumotlar bilan raqamlarni solishtirish uchun mo'ljallangan qurilmalar.[102]

Musulmonlarni bexosdan kuzatib borish

Keyin 11 sentyabr hujumlari, ning yordami bilan Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi, Bloomberg ma'muriyati musulmon jamoalarini dinlari, millati va tili asosida kuzatib boradigan munozarali "shubhasiz ichki kuzatuv" dasturini nazorat qildi.[103][104] Sakkiz kishilik NYPD bo'limi yashirin axborot beruvchilar va ofitserlardan foydalangan holda, Nyu-York shahridan 160 km masofada joylashgan maktablar, kitob do'konlari, kafelar, restoranlar, tungi klublar va har bir masjidda profil va kuzatuv olib borildi.[105] Dastur 2011 yilda Associated Press tomonidan a Pulitser mukofoti -talabli tergov hisobotlari.[106] Dastur 2014 yilda to'xtatilgan.[107][103]

Qurolni boshqarish

Bloomberg kuchli advokatdir qurolni boshqarish va uni ikkinchi ochilish marosimida ma'muriyatining muhim masalasiga aylantirdi. 2006 yilga kelib, uning Kongress nomzodlariga bergan xayriya mablag'laridan ko'pchilik nafaqa olishganlar, ammo qurol nazorati qarshi bo'lganlar. Amaldagi Kongress a'zolari qiziqish guruhlari tomonidan yuqori baholarga ("A" dan "B +" gacha) ega bo'lgan (masalan, Milliy miltiq uyushmasi, Amerikaning qurol egalari ) qurol nazoratiga qarshi bo'lganlar.[108]

Bloomberg bir paytlar shunday degan edi: "Men nima uchun odamlar qurol ko'tarib yurganlarini bilmayman. Qurol odamlarni o'ldiradi ...". Bloomberg hamraisi va asoschisi Hokimlar noqonuniy qurollarga qarshi koalitsiya, maqsadi jinoyatchilar tomonidan noqonuniy o'qotar qurollarni yo'q qilishga qaratilgan 210 shahar hokimlaridan tashkil topgan tashkilot.[109]

2006 yilda Bloomberg bir qator o'tkazdi sting operatsiyalari uning shtatidan tashqarida qurol do'konlarida. Ularda shahar tomonidan to'lanadi xususiy tergovchilar noqonuniy ravishda boshqa odamlar uchun qurol sotib olishga uringan ("nomi bilan tanilgan"somon sotib olish "Bloomberg" bundan keyin Nyu-York shahri vakillarining keng monitoringini o'tkazmagan do'konlarga nisbatan fuqarolik ayblovlarini qo'zg'atdi. Sting operatsiyalariga reaktsiya u o'z stingini o'tkazgan shtatlarda juda salbiy bo'lib, tergovni qo'zg'atdi. Alkogolli tamaki va o'qotar qurollar byurosi Bloombergning "chaqishi" qurol sotib olish bo'yicha federal qonunlarni buzganligini aniqlash uchun.[110] Ko'pchilik Ikkinchi o'zgartirish targ'ibot guruhlari shahar hokimining harakatlarini "hushyor" deb atashdi.[111] The Virjiniya fuqarolarini himoya qilish ligasi o'tkazildi lotereya, "Bloomberg Gun Giveaway" deb nomlangan, bu hamdo'stlik doirasidagi zararlangan do'konlarda savdoni oshirishga yordam beradi.[112] Bu, o'z navbatida, ko'plab guruhlar tomonidan yomon qabul qilindi, ayniqsa, o'sha paytdagi yaqinda Virginia Tech otishma. Virjiniya Hamdo'stligi aksariyat hollarda bu kabi simulyatsiya qilingan somon sotib olishga qarshi qonun qabul qildi va Bloombergga shaxsan xabar berdi.[113]

Soliq va soliq siyosati

Keyinchalik og'ir moliyaviy inqirozga duch kelish 2001 yil 11 sentyabrdagi hujumlar, Bloomberg 2003 yil moliyaviy yilining o'rtalarida soliqlarni 3 milliard dollarga oshirdi va shu bilan birga xarajatlarni kamaytirdi.[114] Ushbu qadam shaharning moliyaviy ahvolini barqarorlashtirganligi sababli tiklandi. Biroq, ba'zi tanqidchilar u soliqlarni oshirish o'rniga faqat davlat xarajatlarini qisqartirishi kerak deb o'ylashdi.[115]

2004 va 2005 yillarda shahar rekord profitsitga ega edi, ammo moliyaviy ekspertlar va Bloomberg ma'muriyati mansabdorlari shahar ishchilariga to'lanadigan kelgusi pensiya xarajatlari to'g'risida ogohlantirdilar. Bunga javoban, 2006 yilda Bloomberg shahar nafaqaxo'rlarni sog'liqni saqlash jamg'armasi uchun 2 milliard dollar ajratdi. Biroq, ba'zi tanqidchilar bu harakatni Bloombergning Nyu-York shtati maoshlarini qisqartirish istiqbollariga duch kelmaslik uchun qilganligi sababli siyosiy jasorat etishmasligini anglatadi, deb ta'kidladilar, bu harakat moliyaviy jihatdan ancha mas'uliyatli bo'lgan muddatli echim. Ushbu tanqidchilarning ba'zilari, hukumatning ishdan bo'shatilgan ish haqi Nyu-Yorkning Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng yuqori soliq stavkalariga ega bo'lishining asosiy sabablaridan biri ekanligini ta'kidlamoqda.[115] Shunga qaramay, 2013 yilga kelib, Bloomberg ma'muriyati Nyu-York shahar mustaqil byudjet idorasiga ko'ra shaharda ishchilar sonini 10 mingga yaqin kamaytirdi.[116]

2010 yil avgust oyida Bloomberg Nyu-York shtatidagi hindlarning rezervatsiyalarida sotilgan sigaretalar uchun yig'ilmagan soliqlarga ishora qilib, radioeshittirishda munozarali izohlar berdi. Bloomberg gubernatorga yuz o'girgan holda shunday dedi: "Bilasizmi, o'zingizga kovboy shlyapasi va ov miltig'ini oling. Agar juda zo'r video bo'lsa, siz Nyu-York shtatining Thruway markazida turibsiz, bilasizmi:" Mening lablarimni o'qing: Bu davlatning qonuni, biz qonunni bajaramiz. "[117] Uning bayonoti Hindistonning Seneca Nation,[118] shuningdek Amerika hindulari milliy kongressi. A'zolari Oneida Nation oldida ham norozilik bildirdi Nyu-York meriyasi.[119] Keyinchalik Bloomberg agentligi hind qabilalari "qonunlarga rioya qilishlari" kerakligini va u o'z izohlari uchun kechirim so'ramasligini aytdi.[120]

Uy-joy

2006 yil iyundan oldingi uch yil ichida uy-joy ijarasi Nyu-York shahrida inflyatsiyaga nisbatan tezroq o'sish kuzatildi, inflyatsiyani hisobga olgan holda daromadlar tushdi, deyiladi Nyu-York universiteti hisobotida.[121]

Hisobotda shuni ko'rsatdiki, kam yoki o'rtacha daromadga ega Nyu-York aholisi ish haqi va ish haqining ko'p qismini uy-joy narxiga sarflashdi. Shahar uy xo'jaliklari uchun 42 foiz yoki undan kam maosh oladigan ijaraga beriladigan birliklarning soni hisobot oldidan uch yil ichida 205 ming donaga kamaydi. Uy-joy narxining o'zgarishi bilan kam daromadli aholi ko'proq qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishdi. 2002 yildan 2005 yilgacha bo'lgan davrda kam ta'minlangan oilalar (xususiy bozordagi uylarda) o'rtacha daromadlarining 43,9 foizini ijara uchun sarfladilar.[122]

Bloomberg yangi rivojlanish uchun shahar mablag'larini oshirdi arzon uy-joy shaharda 160 mingga yaqin arzon uylarni yaratgan va saqlagan reja orqali.[123][124]

Rivojlanish

Shahar hokimi Bloomberg va uning shahar hokimining iqtisodiy rivojlanish va qayta qurish bo'yicha o'rinbosari Daniel L. Doctoroff Nyu-York shahrining eng dramatik iqtisodiy qayta tiklanishlaridan birini nazorat qilib, Nyu-Yorkdagi 11 sentyabr xurujlaridan keyin moliyaviy inqirozni besh tumanli iqtisodiy rivojlanish strategiyasi orqali tiklash harakatiga boshchilik qildi. Nyu-York iqtisodiyotini yanada xilma-xilligi, ishbilarmonlik muhiti yanada mehmondo'stligi va yashashga yaroqli bo'lishiga e'tibor qaratish orqali ular Nyu-Yorkni so'nggi o'n yillikdagi eng kuchli iqtisodiy mavqeiga olib chiqishga yordam berishdi. 2005 yilda shahar rekord darajadagi ish o'rinlari, tashrif buyuruvchilar, aholi soniga erishdi va ko'p sonli uylar 1960-yillardan beri boshlanadi.

Mer Bloombergning Nyu-York shahrini rivojlantirishdagi eng katta yutuqlaridan biri bu jonlanish edi Bruklin ko'prigi parki, park bo'ylab turli xil tuzilmalarni rivojlantirish uchun uzoq muddatli moliyaviy model tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan dizayn jarayoni, shu jumladan Empire do'konlarining moslashuvchan qayta ishlatilishi DUMBO. Midwood Town Equities, Rockwood Capital va HK Organization bilan hamkorlikda, Studio V Architecture tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan tarixiy omborlarni qayta qurish uchun tanlangan.[125]

Qashshoqlik

Bloomberg qashshoqlikni kamaytirishni ikkinchi muddatining asosiy markaziga aylantirmoqchi edi. 2006 yilda u shaharda qashshoqlikni bartaraf etish bo'yicha innovatsion g'oyalarni taklif qilish uchun iqtisodiy imkoniyatlar bo'yicha komissiyani tayinladi. Komissiyaning dastlabki hisoboti 2006 yil sentyabr oyida e'lon qilindi.

Qo'shma Shtatlarning aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosining ma'lumotlariga ko'ra 2004 yilda shaharning qashshoqlik darajasi 19 foizni tashkil etgan bo'lsa, 2001 yildan beri o'zgarmagan, Manxettenda esa birinchi beshinchi daromad (o'rtacha 330 244 dollar) beshinchi darajadagi daromaddan 41 baravar ko'p (8 019 dollar). o'rtacha). Bronks okrugi aholi jon boshiga daromadi 13,595 AQSh dollarini tashkil etgan (keyinroq) Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng qashshoq shahar okrugi El-Paso okrugi, Texas); Bilan birga bo'lgan Kings County Bruklin, kishi boshiga 16,775 AQSh dollarini tashkil etadi, bu Nyu-Orleanning aholi jon boshiga 2000 daromadidan pastdir. 2004 yilda aholini ro'yxatga olish bo'yicha Amerika jamoatchilik tadqiqotlari shuni ko'rsatdiki, shaharda qashshoqlar (21 foiz), osiyoliklar (18 foiz) va lotin bo'lmagan oqlar (11 foiz) bilan taqqoslaganda, latinolar shaharda qashshoqlik darajasi eng yuqori (29 foiz). Garchi 2005 yilda latinolar Nyu-York shahrining umumiy aholisining 28 foizini tashkil etgan bo'lsa-da, ular qashshoqlik aholisining 42 foizini tashkil qilgan.[iqtibos kerak ] Shahar hokimi komissiyasi esa shunga o'xshash targ'ibot guruhlari tomonidan tanqid qilindi Latino siyosati milliy instituti, Latino hamjamiyatida yuqori va doimiy qashshoqlik muammosini hal qilmaganligi uchun, Komissiya tarkibidagi latinolarning kam vakolatiga ishora qilib (32 komissarning atigi 4 nafari latino) va uning rahbariyati (lotinliklar yo'q).

Hokimlar komissiyasi 2006 yil 18 sentyabrda 52 sahifadan iborat hisobotni chiqardi, Nyu-York shahrida imkoniyatlarni oshirish va qashshoqlikni kamaytirish,[126] Hammaning muammolariga e'tibor qaratish, aksincha uchta guruhga: juda yosh bolalar, yosh kattalar va kambag'al ishchi guruhlarga e'tiborni qaratish samarasiz bo'ladi, deb ta'kidlaydilar. Ushbu muhim guruhlarni nishonga olish orqali Komissiya umuman qashshoqlik bilan engish mumkin deb hisobladi. Biroq, e'tibor boshqa guruhlarga, shu jumladan qariyalarga, ishsizlarga, uysizlarga va yaqinda qamoqdan ozod qilinganlarga qaratilishini istaganlar tomonidan tanqid qilindi. The Nyu-York Tayms reported that little new city money was likely to be invested to fight poverty; management reform was the main source of improvements. For example, the Times noted that food stamp administration would be important for all three of the groups targeted by the commission. Food stamps are fully funded by the federal government, so any expansion of their use would be a cost-free reform for the city.

The Mayor also announced that he planned to explore the use of cash incentives to poor parents to get them to keep their children in school and promote other constructive behavior. On June 18, 2007, city officials released details of an experimental two-year Shartli naqd pul o'tkazish (CCT) program, known as Imkoniyat NYC, which would make "healthy lifestyle payments" to recipients who exhibit behaviors that are deemed conducive to self-sufficiency . Bloomberg cited successes with similar programs in Braziliya va Meksika. The pilot program was expected to have approximately 14,000 participants and was funded by the private sector, rather than city tax dollars.[127]

In late May 2011, he was criticized for a budget proposal which would close 110 day care centers in the city, according to the public advocate's office.[128]

In 2013, Bloomberg was honored by the Children's Aid Society for his work to combat poverty in the city. Between 2000 and 2013, a period during which the poverty rate nationally climbed 28 percent, New York City's poverty rate remained unchanged. It was the only one of the nation's 20 largest cities to hold the line on poverty during that time.[129][130]

Ta'lim

After winning election, Bloomberg convinced the state legislature to grant him authority over the city's public school system.[131] From 1968 until 2002, New York City's schools were managed by the Board of Education, which had seven members. Only two of the seven were appointed by the mayor, which meant the City had a minority of representatives on the board and the mayor's ability to shape education policy was greatly diminished. In addition to the Board, 25 local school boards also played a part in running the system. In 2002, at Bloomberg's urging, the local boards and Board of Education were abolished and replaced with a new mayoral agency, the Ta'lim bo'limi.

Bloomberg appointed Joel Klein as Schools Kantsler to run the new department, which was based at the renovated Tvid sud binosi near City Hall. Under Bloomberg and Chancellor Klein, test scores rose, and the City obtained a higher percentage of funding from the state budget.[131] Graduation rates also increased.[131] Bloomberg opposed ijtimoiy targ'ibot, and favored after-school and summer-school programs to help schoolchildren catch up, rather than allowing them to advance to the next grade level where they may be unprepared. Despite often tense relations with teachers' unions, he avoided a teacher strike by concluding a contract negotiation in which teachers received an average raise of 15% in exchange for givebacks and productivity increases.[132] Teachers overall got a 43 percent salary increase[131]

Bloomberg enforced a strengthened cell-phone ban in city schools that had its roots dating to a 1988 school system ban on pagers. The ban is controversial among some parents, who are concerned with their ability to contact their children. Administration representatives noted that students are distracted in class by cell phones and often use them inappropriately, in some instances sending and receiving text messages, taking photographs, surfing the Internet, and playing video games, and that cell-phone bans exist in other cities including Detroit and Filadelfiya.[iqtibos kerak ]

On May 27, 2007, Bloomberg announced that the four-year high school graduation rate in New York City had reached 60%, the highest level since the City began calculating the rate in 1986 and an 18% increase since the Mayor assumed control of the public schools in 2002.[133]

On June 30, 2009, mayoral control lapsed as the Nyu-York shtati senati declined to renew it. However, mayoral control was restored less than two months later, with a few amendments.[134] Mayoral control allows New York's mayor to have, in practice, complete control of the school system.[135]

Sog'liqni saqlash

Bloomberg donated millions of dollars to the Jons Xopkins Bloomberg sog'liqni saqlash maktabi and appointed Dr. Thomas R. Frieden to be his Health Commissioner. Under Frieden, the Nyu-York Sog'liqni saqlash boshqarmasi prioritized reducing cases of HIV, diabet va gipertoniya.

Bloomberg extended New York City's chekishni taqiqlash to all commercial establishments, including bars and nightclubs. This reform removed the last indoor public areas in which one could smoke in the city. The smoking ban took effect in March 2003 and remains part of city law today. Bloomberg's smoking ban was considered trendsetting and many municipalities in North America and Europe have subsequently enacted similar bans.

In June 2005 Bloomberg signed the Potty Parity qonun loyihasi requiring more women's toilets in newly opened public places such as bars, theaters, stadiums and convention facilities[136]

On December 5, 2006, New York City became the first city in the United States to ban yog ' barcha restoranlardan. Bu 2008 yil iyul oyida kuchga kirdi.[137]

In January 2010, the Bloomberg administration unveiled a plan to reduce the amount of salt in packages and food served at restaurants by 25 percent by 2015.[138]

In May 2012, Bloomberg announced a plan to restrict the sale of sugary soft drinks in venues, restaurants and sidewalk carts to 16 ounces (473 ml).[139] This prompted criticism that he was promoting Katta hukumat va "enaga holati ".[140] On March 11, 2013, the day before the New York City soft drink size limit rule was to go into effect, Nyu-York Oliy sudi Hakam Milton Tingling ruled that the city health board did not have the authority to limit or ban a legal item under the guise of "controlling a surunkali kasallik."[141] The striking down of the ban was upheld unanimously by an appellate court (4-0) on July 30.[142]

On March 18, 2013, Bloomberg said he wanted legislation to keep cigarettes out of sight in New York City stores. He announced his proposed "Tobacco Product Display Bill", which would have required all stores to keep cigarettes hidden from plain view.

Siyosiy munosabatlar

Support for Congressional candidates in and out of the New York area

Since 2000, Bloomberg has donated to dozens of candidates for the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi. The candidates have been on both sides of the aisle.[143] In July 2016, Bloomberg spoke at the Demokratik milliy konventsiya, endorsing former Secretary of State Hillari Klinton prezidentlik da'vosi.[144] In June 2018, Bloomberg announced he would spend $80 million to support Democratic candidates in an effort to reverse control of Congress in the midterm elections.[145]

2004 yil respublikachilarning milliy anjumani

While Bloomberg was mayor, New York City hosted the 2004 yil respublikachilarning milliy anjumani, to the opposition of thousands of residents of the heavily Democratic city.

At the convention, Bloomberg endorsed Jorj V.Bush Prezident uchun.[146]

Bloomberg was particularly criticized for his handling of norozilik faoliyati.[147] Almost 2,000 protesters were detained at a former bus garage on Pier 57 characterized by opponents as a "Guantanamo ustida Xadson ".[148]

The Parks Department denied a permit for an anti-war march organized by Tinchlik va adolat uchun birlashgan, set to end at Markaziy Park "s Great Lawn, and also denied a permit for the group's rally there. Critics cited this as abridging Birinchi o'zgartirish huquqlar. Defenders claim the decision was due to the fact that the Central Park Conservancy had spent tens of millions of dollars during the 1990s on redoing the lawn and on adding a new drainage system, and a march and/or rally would have virtually destroyed the lawn and taken several months to repair before it could be again used, and thus any large organized gatherings on the lawn are prohibited, except for the annual free concerts by the Nyu-York filarmoniyasi va Metropolitan Opera.

The National Council of Arab Americans and the Javob: Koalitsiya, two groups sponsoring a planned march and rally, have sued the city in federal court for the denial of the Great Lawn permits. In addition to claiming that a large gathering would have damaged the newly renovated Great Lawn, the city also claimed it could not provide adequate police protection, and that the protesters failed to provide a rain date for the gathering. The July 31, 2006 edition of The New York Times reported that court documents appeared to indicate the Parks Department turned down the permits in order to shield Republican visitors from the protests. The documents include several emails and legal memoranda from city officials.[149]

Several of the documents in question indicate that Bloomberg received regular updates regarding the status of the permits. For example, an email from Parks Commissioner Adrian Benepe informed Bloomberg that "following your call," he received assurance that the denial letter would go out on July 11. Benepe also went to the Great Lawn himself to see if there was any activity and personally emailed the mayor to let him know there was no demonstration there.[149]

11 sentyabr voqealari

On August 14, 2006, Governor Jorj Pataki signed legislation ordering the city to pay increased amounts in death benefits for rescue workers or "first responders", such as o't o'chirish bo'limi va politsiya bo'limi members who later died from illnesses such as cancer after working at the Jahon savdo markazi sayti. Bloomberg objected to the proposal, arguing that the increased cost of $5 million to $10 million a year would be unduly burdensome for the city.[150]The responders and the city additionally conflicted with each other over the issue of payments for health costs of the living among the first responders. 2006 yil 17 oktyabrda federal sudya Alvin K. Hellerstein Nyu-York shahrining birinchi javob berganlarga sog'liq uchun to'lovlarni talab qilgan da'volarni rad etish to'g'risidagi taklifini rad etdi.[151]

Bloomberg was criticized for not allowing many emergency officials who responded to the September 11, 2001, attacks to attend the tenth anniversary observation of that day.[152] He was also at odds with many around the U.S. for not inviting any clergy to the ceremony marking the anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.[153]

Statements concerning the Iraq war

In 2004, during a joint news conference with First Lady Laura Bush in lower Manhattan, he came to her support on the topic of Iraq, saying, "Don't forget that the war started not very many blocks from here."[154]

In March 2007, during a news conference in Staten Island, Bloomberg declared his strong opposition to legislation proposed in Congress calling for a clear timetable for troop withdrawal. He said, "We ask our young men and women to go over and to fight, and if you have a deadline knowing they're pulling out, how can you expect them to defend this country? How can you expect them to go out and put their lives at risk? I just think that's untenable and that this is not a responsible piece of legislation. It is totally separate of how we're conducting the war. It's totally separate of whether we should have been there. The issue that you asked about is plain and simple: Should the Congress pass a law forcing the president to withdraw troops at a given point in time? I think that is not something that is in the country's interest or in the military's interest."[155]

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Siyosiy idoralar
Oldingi
Rudolph V. Giuliani		 Nyu-York meri
2002-2013		Muvaffaqiyatli
Bill de Blasio