Mikki Sichqoncha - Mickey Mouse

Boshqa maqsadlar uchun qarang Mikki Sichqoncha (so'z ma'nosi).

Mikki Sichqoncha
Mickey Mouse.png
Birinchi ko'rinishVilli paroxodi (1928)[1]
Tomonidan yaratilganUolt Disney
Ub Iwerks
Ovoz berganUolt Disney (1928-1947; 1955-1962; 2013 )
Karl V. Stalling (1929)
Jimmi MakDonald (1946–1976)
Klarens Nesh (1951–1952)
Ueyn Alluin (1977–2009)[2]
Les Perkins (1986-1987)
Bret Ivan (2009 yildan hozirgi kungacha)
Kris Diamantopulos (2013 yil - hozirgacha)
(qarang ovozli aktyorlar )
Tomonidan ishlab chiqilganLes Klark
Fred Mur
Floyd Gottfredson
Koinotdagi ma'lumotlar
To'liq ismMaykl Teodor "Mikki" sichqonchasi
Taxalluslar
TurlarSichqoncha
JinsErkak
KasbDetektiv (MM - Mickey Mouse sirli jurnali )
OilaMikki Sichqon oilasi
Muhim boshqaMinni Sichqoncha
Uy hayvonlari itiPluton

Mikki Sichqoncha a multfilm belgi 1928 yilda yaratilgan Uolt Disney animatsion studiyasi maskotining vazifasini bajaruvchi Disney. An antropomorfik sichqoncha odatda qizil kalta shimlar, katta sariq tuflilar va oq qo'lqoplarni kiyadigan Mikki dunyodagi eng taniqli xayoliy personajlardan biridir.

Oldingi Disney xarakterining o'rnini bosuvchi sifatida yaratilgan, Osvald omadli quyon, Miki birinchi bo'lib qisqa vaqt ichida paydo bo'ldi Samolyot aqldan ozgan, ichida ommaviy debyut qisqa film Villi paroxodi (1928), birinchilardan biri ovozli multfilmlar. U 130 dan ortiq filmlarda suratga tushdi, shu jumladan Guruh konserti (1935), Jasur kichkina tikuvchi (1938) va Fantaziya (1940). Mikki asosan qisqa metrajli filmlarda, shuningdek vaqti-vaqti bilan badiiy metrajli filmlarda ham paydo bo'lgan. Mikkining o'nta multfilmi nominatsiyaga nomzod bo'lgan Eng yaxshi animatsion qisqa metrajli film uchun Oskar mukofoti, ulardan biri, Qarz bering, yilda mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi 1942. 1978 yilda Mikki yulduzi bo'lgan birinchi multfilm qahramoni bo'ldi Gollivudning Shon-sharaf xiyoboni va shu bilan birga kiritilgan Donald Duck yilda Televizion qo'llanma 2002 yildagi barcha zamonlarning eng buyuk 50 ta multfilm qahramonlari ro'yxati.

1930 yildan boshlab, Mickey, shuningdek, a kulgili chiziq belgi. The Mikki Sichqoncha kulgili chiziq, asosan chizilgan Floyd Gottfredson, 45 yil davomida ishlagan. Mikki kabi hajviy kitoblarda ham paydo bo'lgan Disney Italiya "s Topolino, MM - Mickey Mouse sirli jurnali va Miki sehrgarlari va shunga o'xshash teleseriallarda Mikki Sichqonchasi klubi (1955-1996) va boshqalar. U boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalarida, masalan, video o'yinlarda, shuningdek savdo-sotiqda paydo bo'ladi va Disney bog'larida tanishish mumkin bo'lgan belgi.

Mikki odatda uning yonida paydo bo'ladi qiz do'sti Minni Sichqoncha, uning uy hayvonlari it Pluton, uning do'stlari Donald Duck va Yomon va uning dushmani Pit boshqalar qatorida (qarang Miki Sichqonchasi olami ). Dastlab yonoq sifatida tavsiflangan bo'lsa-da sevimli yolg'on, Mikki vaqt o'tishi bilan rebrendlangan yaxshi yigit, odatda halol va muloyim odam sifatida ko'riladi qahramon. 2009 yilda Disney o'zining do'stona, yaxshi niyatli personajiga kam ahamiyat berib, shaxsiyatining tahlikali va o'jar tomonlarini video o'yinidan boshlab qaytadan tanitib, ushbu obrazni yana rebrendlashni boshladi. Mickey dostoni.[3]

Tarix

Shuningdek qarang: Mikki Sichqonchasi filmlari seriyasi

Film

Kelib chiqishi

Kontseptsiya san'ati Mickining 1928 yil boshidan boshlab to'plamidan Uolt Disneyning oilaviy muzeyi. Eskizlar - bu belgining eng qadimgi rasmlari.

"Umid qilamanki, biz hech qachon bir narsani unutmaymiz - barchasi sichqon tomonidan boshlangan."

— Uolt Disney, Disneylend; 1954 yil 27-oktabr

Mikki Sichqon uning o'rnini bosuvchi sifatida yaratilgan Osvald omadli quyon, ilgari Disney studiyasi tomonidan yaratilgan, lekin unga tegishli multfilm qahramoni Universal rasmlar.[4] Charlz Mintz Osvald ishtirokidagi multfilmlar seriyasida o'zining "Winkler Pictures" kompaniyasi orqali Disney va Universal o'rtasida vositachi prodyuser bo'lib xizmat qildi. Disney va Mintz o'rtasida davom etayotgan ziddiyatlar va Disney studiyasining bir nechta animatorlari oxir-oqibat Mintz kompaniyasiga ishlash uchun ketishlari aniqlanib, natijada Disney Osvald bilan aloqalarni uzdi. Disney studiyasida qolgan kam sonli odamlar orasida animator ham bor edi Ub Iwerks, shogirdi rassomi Les Klark va Uilfred Jekson. Nyu-Yorkdan uyiga ketayotgan poyezdida Uolt yangi multfilm qahramoni uchun g'oyalarni o'ylab topdi.

Mikki Sichqon yashirincha o'ylab topilgan, Disney esa Mintzga shartnoma asosida Osvaldning so'nggi multfilmlarini yaratgan. Disney Ub Iwerksdan yangi belgilar g'oyalarini yaratishni boshlashini so'radi. Iwerks itlar va mushuklar kabi turli xil hayvonlarning eskizlarini sinab ko'rdi, ammo ularning hech biri Disneyga yoqmadi. Ayol sigir va erkak ot ham rad etildi. Keyinchalik ular shunday bo'lishadi Clarabelle sigiri va Horace Horecollar. Erkak qurbaqa ham rad etildi. Keyinchalik Iwerksning o'zida paydo bo'ladi Qurbaqani aylantiring seriyali.[5] Uolt Disney Mikki Sichqon uchun ilhomni Missuri shtatidagi Kanzas-Siti shahridagi Laugh-O-Gram studiyasida ish stolida uyushtirilgan sichqondan oldi.[6] 1925 yilda, Xyu Xarman Uolt Disney fotosurati atrofida sichqonlarning bir nechta eskizlarini chizdi. Ub Iwerks-dan Disney uchun yangi sichqoncha belgisini yaratishga ilhomlangan.[5] "Mortimer sichqoni "Disneyning asl ismi uning rafiqasi Lillian uni uni o'zgartirishga ishontirmaguncha va oxir-oqibat Mikki Sichqon paydo bo'lishiga qadar bo'lgan.[7][8] Aktyor Mikki Runi Miki McGuire kunlari u Warner Brothers studiyasida karikatura ustasi Uolt Disney bilan uchrashganini va Disney ilhomlanib Mikki Sichqonni uning nomiga qo'yganini da'vo qildi.[9] Biroq, bu da'vo Disney tarixchisi Jim Korkis tomonidan bekor qilindi, chunki Mikki Sichqonning rivojlanishi davrida Disney Studios bir necha yil davomida Hyperion prospektida joylashgan edi va Uolt Disney Warner Brothers-da hech qachon ofis yoki boshqa ish joyini saqlamagan, Warner Brothers bilan hech qanday professional munosabatlarga ega emas.[10][11]

Debyut (1928)

Mikkining birinchi ko'rinishi Villi paroxodi (1928)

Iwerks asosiy edi animator Mikki boshlaydigan birinchi qisqa vaqt ichida va u ustida olti hafta ishlagan. Aslida, Iwerks 1928 va 1929 yillarda chiqarilgan har bir Disney filmining asosiy animatori bo'lgan. Xyu Xarman va Rudolf Ising o'sha yillarda Disneyga yordam bergan. Ular Charlz Mintz bilan allaqachon o'z shartnomalarini imzolagan edilar, ammo u hali ham yangi studiyasini shakllantirish jarayonida edi va shu sababli ular Disneyda ishlashdi. Ushbu qisqa, ular biroz noqulay vaziyatda animatsiya qilganlari oxirgisi bo'ladi.[1]

Mikki birinchi bo'lib qisqa metrajli filmning sinov namoyishida ko'rindi Samolyot aqldan ozgan, 1928 yil 15-mayda, ammo tomoshabinlarni hayratga solmadi va Uolt qisqa vaqt ichida distribyutor topolmadi. Uolt ikkinchi Mickey qisqa filmini yaratdi, Gallopin 'Gaucho, shuningdek, distribyutor yo'qligi sababli chiqarilmadi.[1]

Villi paroxodi birinchi bo'lib 1928 yil 18-noyabrda Nyu-Yorkda chiqdi. U Uolt Disney va Ub Iverks tomonidan birgalikda suratga olingan. Iwerks yana bosh animator bo'lib xizmat qildi, unga Jonni Kannon yordam berdi, Les Klark, Uilfred Jekson va Dik Landi. Ushbu qisqa parodiya sifatida mo'ljallangan edi Buster Kiton "s Steamboat Bill, Jr., birinchi marta o'sha yilning 12 mayida chiqarilgan. Bu "Mikki" multfilmi ishlab chiqarilgan uchinchi film bo'lsa-da, u birinchi bo'lib distribyutorni topdi va shu tariqa Disney kompaniyasi uni Mikining debyuti deb biladi. Villi Mikkining tashqi ko'rinishidagi o'zgarishlar (xususan, uning ko'zlarini katta nuqtalarga soddalashtirish), keyinchalik uning keyingi multfilmlar va Uolt Disneyning ko'plab filmlarida ko'rinishini yaratdi.[12][13]

Multfilm aksiya bilan bog'liq bo'lgan soundtrackni namoyish etgan birinchi multfilm emas edi. Fleischer studiyalari, birodarlar boshchiligida Deyv va Maks Flercher, allaqachon yordamida bir qator ovozli multfilmlarni chiqargan edi DeForest 1920 yillarning o'rtalarida tizim. Biroq, ushbu multfilmlar film davomida ovozni sinxronlashtirmagan. Uchun Villi, Disney a bilan yozib olingan ovozga ega edi trekni bosing bu musiqachilarni mag'lubiyatda ushlab turdi. Ushbu aniq vaqt "Somonda Turkiya" ketma-ketligi paytida Mikkining harakatlari hamrohlik qiladigan asboblarga to'liq mos kelganda aniq bo'ladi. Animatsiya tarixchilari uzoq vaqtdan beri kim sifatida xizmat qilgani haqida bahslashmoqdalar bastakor filmning asl musiqasi uchun. Ushbu rol turli xil Uilfred Jeksonga tegishli edi, Karl Stalling va Bert Lyuis, ammo identifikatsiya qilish noaniq bo'lib qolmoqda. Uolt Disneyning o'zi edi ovozli aktyor Mikki uchun ham, Minni uchun ham va 1946 yilgacha teatr multfilmlari uchun Mikki ovozining manbai bo'lib qoladi. Jimmi MakDonald 1946 yilda rolni o'z zimmasiga oldi, ammo Uolt 1955 yildan 1959 yilgacha yana Mikki ovozini taqdim etdi Mikki Sichqonchasi klubi televizion seriyalar ABC.[iqtibos kerak ]

O'sha paytda tomoshabinlar Steamboat Villi 'Xabarlarga ko'ra, komediya maqsadlarida ovozdan foydalanish taassurot qoldirgan. Ovozli filmlar yoki "talkies" hali ham innovatsion deb hisoblanardi. Dialogli ketma-ketlikdagi birinchi metrajli film, Jazz qo'shiqchisi yulduzcha Al Jolson, 1927 yil 6-oktabrda chiqdi. Muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan bir yil ichida Qo'shma Shtatlarning aksariyat kinoteatrlari ovozli kino uskunalarini o'rnatdilar. Aftidan, Uolt Disney ushbu yangi tendentsiyadan foydalanishni maqsad qilgan va, shubhasiz, muvaffaqiyatga erishishga muvaffaq bo'lgan. Aksariyat multfilm studiyalari hanuzgacha jim mahsulotlarni ishlab chiqarishgan va shu sababli Disneyga raqobatdosh sifatida samarali ishtirok eta olmagan. Natijada, Miki tez orada vaqtning eng ko'zga ko'ringan animatsion personajiga aylanadi. Tez orada Uolt Disney ikkalasiga ham ovoz qo'shish ustida ishladi Samolyot aqldan ozgan va Gallopin 'Gaucho (dastlab jimgina nashrlar bo'lgan) va ularning yangi chiqarilishi Mikkining muvaffaqiyati va mashhurligini oshirdi. To'rtinchi Miki qisqa, Barn raqsi, shuningdek, ishlab chiqarishga kiritildi; ammo, Mikki aslida qadar gapirmaydi Karnival Kid 1929 yilda uning birinchi so'zlashuvi "Xot-itlar, Xot-itlar!" Keyin Villi paroxodi ozod etildi, Mikki unga yaqin raqib bo'ldi Mushuk Feliks Va uning ovozi multfilmlarda doimiy ravishda namoyish etilgani sababli uning mashhurligi oshib boraveradi. 1929 yilga kelib Feliks teatr tomoshabinlari orasida mashhurligini yo'qotadi va Pat Sallivan natijada kelajakdagi Feliksning barcha multfilmlarini ovozli ravishda chiqarishga qaror qildi.[14] Afsuski, tomoshabinlar Feliksning ovozga o'tishiga yaxshi javob berishmadi va 1930 yilga kelib Feliks ekrandan o'chib ketdi.[15]

Qora va oq filmlar (1929–1935)

Mikki bilan Minni Sichqoncha yilda Bino qurish (1933)

Mikkining dastlabki filmlarida u ko'pincha qahramon sifatida emas, balki samarasiz yosh da'vogar sifatida ajralib turardi Minni Sichqoncha. Barn raqsi (1929 yil 14-mart) birinchi marta Mikni Minni Pit foydasiga rad etgan.

Opri uyi (1929 yil 28 mart) birinchi marta Mikki o'zining oq qo'lqoplarini kiygan edi. Mikki ularni deyarli barcha keyingi ko'rinishlarida kiyadi va boshqa ko'plab belgilar ham unga ergashdi. Mikki qo'lqoplarining orqa tomonidagi uchta chiziq dart qo'lning raqamlari orasida cho'zilgan qo'lqop matosida, davrning qo'lqop dizayni uchun odatiy.

Mushuk yo'q bo'lganda (1929 yil 18-aprel), aslida qayta tuzilgan Elis komediyasi, "Alice Rattled by Rats", Mikki uchun g'ayrioddiy ko'rinish edi. Mikki va Minni hanuzgacha antropomorfik xususiyatlarini saqlab qolishgan bo'lsa-da, ular odatdagi sichqonlarning kattaligi va boshqa ko'plab sichqonlarning uyi bilan zararkunandalar sifatida yashashgan. Keyinchalik Mikki va Minni o'z sharoitida odatdagi odamlarning kattaligida paydo bo'lishadi. Haqiqiy odamlar bilan uchrashuvlarda Mikki taxminan ikki-uch metr balandlikda ekanligi isbotlangan.[16] Keyingi Mikki kaliti ham g'ayrioddiy edi. Barnyard jangi (1929 yil 25-aprel) Mikkini askar sifatida tasvirlaydigan va shuningdek uni jangga birinchi bo'lib joylashtirgan yagona film edi. Karnival Kid (1929) Mikki birinchi marta gapirgan. Bungacha u faqat hushtak chalib, kulgan va xirillagan edi. Uning birinchi so'zlari "Xot-itlar! Xot-itlar!" - dedi karnavalda sosiska sotmoqchi bo'lgan paytda. Mickey's Follies (1929) "Minnie's Yoo-Hoo" qo'shig'ini taqdim etdi, bu mavzu uchun qo'shiq bo'ladi Mikki Sichqoncha keyingi bir necha yil uchun filmlar. "Minni Yoo-Hoo" qo'shiqlari ketma-ketligi keyinchalik turli xil fon animatsiyasi bilan qayta ishlatildi, chunki uning o'ziga xos qisqa, faqat 1930-yillarning teatrga asoslangan Mikki Maus klublari boshlanganda namoyish etildi.[17][18] Mikki iti Pluton birinchi bo'lib Mikkining uy hayvonlari sifatida paydo bo'ldi Musni ovi (1931) ilgari Minnining "Rover" iti sifatida paydo bo'lganidan keyin Piknik (1930).

Kaktus bola (1930 yil 11-aprel) animatsiya qilingan so'nggi film edi Ub Iwerks Disneyda. Film namoyish etilishidan sal oldin, Iwerks Disneyning o'sha paytdagi distribyutori tomonidan boshqarilib, o'z studiyasini ochish uchun jo'nab ketdi. Pat kuchlari. Pauers va Disney Disneyni tarqatish bitimidan kelib chiqqan holda pul bilan kelishmovchiliklarga duch kelishdi. Aynan Disney multfilmlarini tarqatish huquqini yo'qotganiga javoban, Pauers o'z studiyasini boshqarish istagini anchadan beri saqlanib kelayotgan Iwerks bilan shartnoma tuzdi. Ketish Miki va Uolt Disneyning faoliyatidagi burilish nuqtasi sifatida qabul qilinadi. Uolt 1919 yildan buyon o'zining eng yaqin hamkasbi va ishonchli kishisi sifatida xizmat qilgan odamni yo'qotdi. Mikki o'zining asl dizayni va shu paytgacha chiqarilgan bir nechta shortilarning yo'nalishi yoki animatsiyasi uchun javobgarni yo'qotdi. Dastlabki Mickey Mouse multfilmlarining reklamasi ularni "Ub Iverks chizgan Uolt Disney komiksi" deb tan oldi. Keyinchalik Disney Kompaniyasining ilk karikaturalarini qayta nashr etishi faqatgina Uolt Disneyga kredit berishga moyil.

Disney va uning qolgan xodimlari Mikki seriyasini ishlab chiqarishni davom ettirdilar va u oxir-oqibat Iwerks o'rnini bosadigan bir qator animatorlarni topishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Sifatida Katta depressiya ilgarilab ketdi va Feliks Mushuk kino ekranidan o'chib ketdi, Mikining shuhrati oshib boradi va 1932 yilga kelib Mikki Sichqoncha klubi bir million a'zoga ega bo'ladi.[19] Da 5-chi Oskar mukofotlari 1932 yilda Mikki o'zining birinchi "Oskar" mukofotiga nomzodini oldi Mikkining etimlari (1931). Uolt Disney, shuningdek, Mickey Sichqonchani yaratgani uchun faxriy Akademiya mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi. Tomonidan tutilganiga qaramay Ahmoqona simfoniya qisqa Uchta kichik cho'chqa 1933 yilda Mikki hali ham teatr tomoshabinlari orasida katta mashhurlikni saqlab qoldi, 1935 yilgacha, so'rovnomalar shuni ko'rsatdiki Popeye Mikkiga qaraganda ko'proq mashhur edi.[20][21][22] 1934 yilga kelib Mickey tovarlari yiliga 600,000.00 dollar ishlab topdi.[23] 1935 yilda Disney ma'muriy muammolar tufayli Mickey Mouse klublarini tugatishni boshladi.[24]

Taxminan bu vaqtda Disneydagi rassomlar Mikki uchun material yozishni tobora qiyinlashtirmoqdalar. U bolalar uchun o'rnak bo'lishga aylanib ulgurganligi sababli, ular amalga oshiradigan gaga turlari bilan cheklangan edilar. Bu Mickining keyingi ba'zi filmlarida ikkinchi darajali rolni ko'proq bajarishiga olib keldi, bu boshqa belgilarga ko'proq e'tibor berishga imkon berdi. Yilda Yetimning foydasi (1934 yil 11-avgust) Miki birinchi marta paydo bo'ldi Donald Duck kim o'sha yil boshida tanishtirilgan edi Ahmoqona simfoniya seriyali. G'azabli o'rdak Disneyga cheksiz ko'rinadigan hikoya g'oyalarini taqdim etadi va Mikki multfilmlarida takrorlanadigan belgi bo'lib qoladi.

Rangli filmlar (1935–1953)

Mikki ichkarida Guruh konserti (1935)
Mikki ichkarida Fantaziya (1940)

Mikki birinchi bo'lib animatsion rangda paydo bo'ldi Nomzodlar mukofotining paradi 1932 yilda esa filmlar uchun lenta yaratilgan 5-chi Oskar mukofotlari marosimi bo'lib, jamoatchilikka e'lon qilinmadi. Mikkining rasmiy birinchi rangli filmi 1935 yilda paydo bo'lgan Guruh konserti. The Texnik rang film ishlab chiqarishda film jarayoni ishlatilgan. Miki bu erda o'tkazdi Uilyam Tell Uverturega aytdi, ammo tarmoqli tornado bilan qoplanadi. Bu dirijyor deyishadi Arturo Toskanini bu qisqa shu qadar yaxshi ko'rdiki, uni birinchi marta ko'rgach, proektsionistdan uni yana ishga tushirishni iltimos qildi. 1994 yilda, Guruh konserti animatsiya bo'yicha mutaxassislar o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada barcha davrlarning eng katta uchinchi multfilmi deb tan olindi. Mickini ranglash va qisman qayta ishlash orqali Uolt Mikni yana bir bor yuqori darajaga ko'taradi va Mikki ilgari erishmagan mashhurlikka erishadi, chunki tomoshabinlar unga yanada jozibador bo'lishdi.[25] Shuningdek, 1935 yilda Uolt Mickini yaratgani uchun Millatlar Ligasining maxsus mukofotiga sazovor bo'ladi.

Biroq, 1938 yilga kelib, ko'proq manikyur Donald Duck passiv Mikkidan oshib ketadi, natijada 1938-1940 yillarda sichqonchani qayta tuzish natijasida Mikki o'zining mashhurligi cho'qqisiga chiqdi.[25] 1930-yillarning ikkinchi yarmi bu belgini ko'rdi Yomon muntazam ravishda qayta tiklangan. Mikki, Donald Duck va Goofy birgalikda birgalikda bir nechta sarguzashtlarga borishadi. Komik trio tomonidan suratga olingan bir nechta filmlar Mikkining eng tanqidiy filmlari qatoriga kiradi Mikkining o't o'chirish brigadasi (1935), Moz ovchilari (1937), Soat tozalagichlari (1937), Yolg'iz arvohlar (1937), Qayiq quruvchilar (1938) va Mikkining treyleri (1938). Shuningdek, bu davrda Mikki rol o'ynaydi Jasur kichkina tikuvchi (1938), moslashtirish Dadil Kichkina Tikuvchi, u Oskar mukofotiga nomzod bo'lgan.

Mikki animator tomonidan qayta ishlangan Fred Mur birinchi marta ko'rilgan Ko'rsatkich (1939). Qattiq qora ko'zlarga ega bo'lish o'rniga, Mikkiga o'quvchilar bilan oq ko'zlar, yuzi Kavkaz terisi va tanasi armutga o'xshash shaklda berildi. 1940-yillarda u yana bir bor o'zgargan Kichik girdob, u erda o'n yilliklar ichida oxirgi marta savdo markasi shimidan foydalangan, dumini yo'qotgan, nuqtai nazari va boshqa tana anatomiyasi bilan o'zgargan yanada aniqroq quloqlar paydo bo'lgan. Ammo bu o'zgarish faqat qisqa vaqt ichida davom etib, avvalgi holatga qaytguncha davom etadi. "Ko'rsatkich", uning shimlaridan tashqari. 1950-yillardagi so'nggi teatr multfilmlarida unga qoshlar berildi, ular so'nggi karikaturalarda olib tashlandi.

1940 yilda Mikki o'zining birinchi uzun metrajli filmida paydo bo'ldi, Fantaziya. Uning ekrandagi roli Sehrgarning shogirdi, ga sozlang simfonik she'r tomonidan shu nom bilan Pol Dukas, ehtimol filmning eng taniqli segmenti va Mikkining eng taniqli rollaridan biridir. Ushbu segmentda umuman dialog mavjud emas, faqat musiqa mavjud. Shogird (Mikki), o'z ishlarini bajarishga tayyor emas, sehrgar yotishdan keyin sehrgarning sehrli shlyapasini kiyadi va supurgi ustiga sehr o'qiydi, bu esa supurgi jonlanib, eng charchagan ishni bajaradi - to'ldirish ikki chelak suvdan foydalangan holda chuqur quduq. Quduq oxir-oqibat toshib ketganda, Mikki supurgini boshqarolmay, suv toshqiniga olib keladi. Segment tugagandan so'ng, Mikki siluetda qo'l berib ko'rishayotganini ko'rish mumkin Leopold Stokovski, eshitilgan barcha musiqalarni kim boshqaradi Fantaziya. Mikki ko'pincha qizil xalat va ko'k sehrgarning shapkasida savdo-sotiqda tasvirlangan. Shuningdek, u avjiga chiqqan edi Fantazik!, Disney tematik bog'laridagi diqqatga sazovor joy.

1940 yildan keyin Mikkining mashhurligi uning 1955 yilda kundalik bolalar televizion shaxsi sifatida paydo bo'lishiga qadar pasayadi.[26] Shunga qaramay, bu belgi 1943 yilgacha animatsion shortikda muntazam ravishda paydo bo'lib turdi (uning yagona raqobatdosh Oskar mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi - it hamrohi bilan) Pluton - qisqa mavzu uchun, Qarz bering) va 1946 yildan 1952 yilgacha yana. Ushbu keyingi multfilmlarda Mikki ko'pincha Pluton asosiy qahramon bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan o'z shortilarida ko'pincha shunchaki yordamchi belgi edi.

Ning so'nggi muntazam qismi Mikki Sichqoncha filmlar seriyasi 1953 yilda paydo bo'lgan Oddiy narsalar unda Mikki va Pluton baliq ovlashga boradilar va ularni bir necha qushlar uchratmoqda.

Televizion va undan keyingi filmlar

Mikki va uning do'stlari Disney sichqonchasi uyi (2001–2003)

1950-yillarda Mikki televideniyedagi chiqishlari bilan ko'proq tanilgan, xususan Mikki Sichqonchasi klubi. Uning ko'plab teatrlashtirilgan multfilmlari qisqa metrajli televizion seriyalarda namoyish etildi Murakkab va bo'yoq klubi, ning turli shakllari Uolt Disney antologiyasi teleseriali va uydagi video. Mikki 1983 yilda teatr animatsiyasiga qaytdi Miki Rojdestvo Kerol, moslashuvi Charlz Dikkens ' Rojdestvo Kerol unda Mikki o'ynagan Bob Kratchit. Bu 1990 yilda kuzatilgan Shahzoda va faqir.

O'nlab yillar davomida Mikki Sichqoncha raqobatlashdi Warner Bros. ' Xatolar quyoni animatsion mashhurlik uchun. Ammo 1988 yilda ikkita raqib nihoyat ekran vaqtini bo'lishdi Robert Zemeckis Disney /Amblin film Rojer Rabbitni kim ramkaga solgan. Disney va Uornerlar har bir belgi sahnada ekran vaqtini bir xil bo'lishiga oid bitimni imzoladilar.

Uning jonli aksiyalar filmiga animatsion qo'shilishiga o'xshash Rojer quyon, Mikki 1990-yilgi televizion maxsus filmda taniqli kameo ko'rinishini yaratdi Uolt Disney dunyosidagi qo'g'irchoqlar u qaerda uchrashgan Qurbaqani Kermit qiling. Ikkalasi hikoyada qadimgi do'stlar bo'lgan. Kuklalar aks holda soxtalashtirilgan va 1970-yillardan beri o'ndan ortiq marta Mikkiga havola qilgan. Oxir oqibat, Muppets 2004 yilda Uolt Disney kompaniyasi tomonidan sotib olingan.

Uning so'nggi teatrlashtirilgan multfilmi 2013 yilgi qisqa metrajli film edi Ot oling! oldin 1995-yillarga to'g'ri keldi Qochib ketgan miya 1999 yildan 2004 yilgacha u to'g'ridan-to'g'ri videofilmlarda paydo bo'ldi Mikki bir marta Rojdestvo kuni, Mikki, Donald, Gufi: Uch mushketyor va kompyuter animatsiyasi Mikkining Rojdestvo bayramida ikki marta.

Ko'plab teleseriallar asosan ABK shoulari kabi Mikkiga asoslangan Mikki Sichqoncha ishlaydi (1999–2000), Disney sichqonchasi uyi (2001–2003), Disney kanali "s Miki Sichqonchasi klubi (2006-2016) va Miki va Roadster Racers (2017–). Bularning barchasidan oldin Miki ham rol o'ynagan ko'rinmaydigan belgi ichida Bonkerlar epizod "Sizlar tunda bo'lishingiz kerak".

Yaqinda Mikki ikkita filmda suratga tushishi haqida e'lon qilindi. Ulardan biriga asoslangan Sehrli Shohlik mavzusidagi park Walt Disney World Resort, ikkinchisi esa film tomonidan yaratilgan g'oya Uolt Disney animatsion studiyasi faxriy Berni Mattinson Mikki, Donald va Gufiga yo'naltirilgan.[27]

2013 yil 28 iyundan boshlab, Disney kanali yangi 3 daqiqali efirga uzatildi Mikki Sichqoncha shortilar, animator bilan Pol Rudish Mickeyning yigirmanchi yillari oxiri - o'ttizinchi yillari boshidagi elementlarini o'zida mujassam etgan boshqaruvda zamonaviy qiyofa bilan qarashadi.[28] Orqasida ijodiy guruh 2017 DuckTales qayta yoqing Mikki Sichqonchani serialda bo'lishiga umid qilgan edi, ammo bu g'oyani Disney rahbarlari rad etishdi.[29] Biroq, bu ularni Donald Duck ishlab chiqargan va ventrilokist qo'g'irchoq kabi ishlatgan Mikki Sichqonchasi singari tarvuzni qo'shib qo'yishiga to'sqinlik qilmadi (u o'z ovozini mukammal takrorlagan (shu bilan ta'minlagan) Kris Diamantopulos Ikki mavsum davomida u kimsasiz orolda qolib ketganida.[30]

2018 yil avgust oyida ABC telekanali ikki soatlik asosiy vaqtni maxsus e'lon qildi, Mikkining 90-spektakli, Mikkining 90 yilligi sharafiga. Dasturda hech qachon ko'rilmagan qisqa videolavhalar va Mikki Sichqonchasi haqidagi xotiralarini baham ko'rishni istagan va Diskidagi ba'zi qo'shiqlarni ijro etgan Mikki taassurot qoldirdi. Shou bo'lib o'tdi Shrine Auditoriya yilda Los Anjeles tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va boshqarilgan Don Mischer 2018 yil 4-noyabr kuni.[31][32] 2018 yil 18-noyabrda butun dunyoda ushbu belgi uchun 90 yillik yubiley tadbirlari nishonlandi.[33] 2019 yil dekabrda Mikki ham, Minni ham maxsus xostlar bo'lib xizmat qilishdi Baxt g'ildiragi ikki hafta davomida Vanna Oq davomida asosiy xost sifatida xizmat qilgan Pat Sajak yo'qligi.[34]

Komikslar

Asosiy maqolalar: Mikki Sichqoncha (hajviy kitob) va Miki Sichqonchasi (chiziq chizig'i)
Miki va Horace Horecollar Mikki Sichqoncha kunlik chiziq; tomonidan yaratilgan Floyd Gottfredson va 1932 yil dekabrda nashr etilgan

Mikki ilk bor komikslarda 15 ta tijoratda muvaffaqiyatli animatsion shortikda paydo bo'lganidan va jamoatchilik tomonidan osonlikcha tanilganidan keyin paydo bo'ldi. Uolt Disneyga yaqinlashishdi King xususiyatlari sindikati Mikki va unga litsenziya berish taklifi bilan yordamchi belgilar chiziq chizig'ida foydalanish uchun. Disney qabul qildi va Mikki Sichqoncha 1930 yil 13-yanvarda birinchi marta paydo bo'ldi. Kulgili syujet Disneyning o'zi, Ub Iwerks san'ati va siyoh bilan yozilgan G'olib Smit. Ipning birinchi haftasi yoki undan ko'prog'ida "Samolyot aqldan ozgan". Minni tez orada aktyorlar tarkibiga birinchi qo'shimchaga aylandi. 1930 yil 13 yanvar va 1930 yil 31 mart kunlari birinchi bo'lib chiqarilgan chiziqlar vaqti-vaqti bilan qayta nashr etilgan hajviy kitob jamoaviy nom ostida shakl "Cho'l orolida yo'qolgan". Animatsiya tarixchisi Jim Korkisning ta'kidlashicha," o'n sakkizinchi chiziqdan keyin Iwerks ketdi va uning siyohkori Uin Smit kunlik gag formatini chizishda davom etdi ... ".[35]

1930 yil boshida, Iwerks ketganidan so'ng, Disney dastlab Mickey Mouse komiksining stsenariysini stsenariyni Uin Smitga topshirishni davom ettirishni davom ettirdi. Biroq, Disneyning diqqat markazida har doim animatsiya bor edi va tez orada Smitga ssenariy ham topshirildi. Aftidan, Smit birdaniga ketma-ket ssenariy yozish, rasm chizish va siyoh qilish zarurligidan norozi edi, bu uning to'satdan iste'fosi.

Keyin Disney studiyaning qolgan xodimlari orasidan o'rinbosar izladi. U tanladi Floyd Gottfredson, yaqinda yollangan ishchi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Gottfredson animatsiyada ishlashni juda xohlagan va yangi topshiriqni qabul qilishni istamagan. Disney unga bu topshiriq faqat vaqtinchalik ekanligini va oxir-oqibat animatsiyaga qaytishini ishontirishi kerak edi. Gottfredson ushbu "vaqtinchalik" topshiriqni 1930 yil 5 maydan 1975 yil 15 noyabrgacha qabul qildi va yakunladi.

Uolt Disneyning ushbu lenta uchun so'nggi ssenariysi 1930 yil 17 mayda paydo bo'lgan.[35] Gottfredsonning birinchi vazifasi - Disneyning 1930 yil 1 aprelda boshlangan syujetini tugatish edi. Hikoya 1930 yil 20 sentyabrda yakunlandi va keyinchalik komiks shaklida qayta nashr etildi. O'lim vodiysidagi Miki Sichqonchasi. Ushbu dastlabki sarguzasht ushbu qismga faqat Mikki va Minni o'z ichiga olgan chiziq aktyorlarini kengaytirdi. Ushbu hikoyada birinchi chiziq romanlari bo'lgan belgilar orasida Clarabelle Cow, Horace Horsecollar va Qora Pit shuningdek buzilgan debyutlar yurist Silvestr Shister va Minnining amakisi Mortimer sichqoni. O'lim vodiysi haqidagi rivoyat davom etdi Janob Slicker va tuxum qaroqchilari, birinchi bo'lib 1930 yil 22 sentyabrdan 26 dekabrgacha bosilgan Markus Sichqoncha va uning rafiqasi Minnining ota-onasi sifatida.

Ushbu ikkita kulgili hikoyalardan boshlab, Mikkining animatsiya va komikslardagi versiyalari bir-biridan ajralib ketgan deb hisoblanadi. Disney va uning multfilm shortilarga e'tiborni qaratishda davom etadi komediya, chiziq chiziq samarali komediya va sarguzashtlarni birlashtirdi. Mickeyning ushbu sarguzashtli versiyasi 20-asrda va 21-asrda kulgili chiziqlarda va keyinchalik chiziq romanlarda paydo bo'lishni davom ettiradi.

Floyd Gottfredson kabi hikoyalar bilan iz qoldirgan Mikki Sichqon chet el legioniga qo'shildi (1936) va Yaltiroq (1942). U shuningdek yaratgan Phantom Blot, Eega Beeva, Morti va Ferdi, kapitan Cherchmuz va Butch. Gottfredson bilan bir qatorda rassomlar qatoriga Roman Arambula, Rik Xover, Manuel Gonsales, Karson Van Osten, Jim Engel, Bill Rayt, Ted Thvailes va Daan Jippes; yozuvchilar kiritilgan Ted Osborne, Merrill De Maris, Bill Uolsh, Dik Shou, Roy Uilyams, Del Connell va Floyd Norman.

Xarakterda iz qoldirgan keyingi rassom bu edi Pol Murri yilda Dell Comics. Uning birinchi Mikki ertagi 1950 yilda paydo bo'lgan, ammo Miki Murrining birinchi seriyasigacha ixtisoslashmagan Uolt Disneyning hajviy va hikoyalari 1953 yilda ("Oxirgi kurort"). Xuddi shu davrda, Romano Skarpa Italiyada jurnal uchun Topolino orqaga qaytgan hikoyalarida Mikkini jonlantira boshladi Phantom Blot va Eega Beeva Atomo Bleep-Bleep kabi yangi ijodlar bilan bir qatorda. Hikoyalar esa G'arbiy nashriyot davomida Kumush asr uslubida detektiv sifatida Mikni ta'kidladi Sherlok Xolms, zamonaviy davrda bir nechta muharrirlar va ijodkorlar ongli ravishda Gottfredsonning klassik sarguzashtlari qolipida yanada kuchliroq Mikkini tasvirlashni o'z zimmalariga oldilar. Ushbu uyg'onish boshlandi Bayron Erikson, Devid Gershteyn, Noel Van Xorn, Maykl T. Gilbert va Sezar Ferioli.

Evropada Miki Sichqonchasi bir qator komiks jurnallarining asosiy diqqatga sazovor joyiga aylandi, eng mashhuri Topolino 1932 yildan boshlab Italiyada, Le Journal de Mickey 1934 yildan boshlab Frantsiyada, Don Miki Ispaniyada va yunonlarda Miky Maus.

Mikki serialning bosh qahramoni edi MM Mickey Mouse sirli jurnali, 1999 yildan 2001 yilgacha Italiyada nashr etilgan.

2006 yilda u italyan fantastik komik dostonida paydo bo'ldi Miki sehrgarlari.

1958 yilda Mikki Sichqoncha arab dunyosiga "Sameer" nomli yana bir hajviy kitob orqali tanishtirildi. U Misrda juda mashhur bo'lib, o'z nomi bilan chiziq romanini oldi. Mikkining Misrdagi komikslari Disney tomonidan litsenziyalangan va 1959 yildan beri "Dar al-Hilol" tomonidan nashr etilgan va ular muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan, ammo Dar Al-Hilol 2003 yilda Disney bilan bog'liq muammolar tufayli nashrni to'xtatgan. Komikslar 2004 yilda "Nahdat Masr" tomonidan qayta nashr etilgan va birinchi nashrlari 8 soatdan kam vaqt ichida sotilgan.[36]

Portret

Dizayn

Mikki Sichqonning boshi silueti ramziy tasvirga aylandi.

Avvalgi yillarda Mikki dizayni juda o'xshash edi Osvald, quloq, burun va quyruq uchun tejang.[37][38][39] Ub Iwerks xarakterni jonlantirish uchun sodda qilish uchun Mikki tanasini doiralardan tashqarida yasagan. Disney xodimlari Jon Xench va Mark Devis ushbu dizayn Mikki muvaffaqiyatining bir qismi ekanligiga ishongan, chunki u uni yanada dinamik va tomoshabinlarga jalb qilgan.

Mikkining dumaloq dizayni uning quloqlarida eng ko'p seziladi. 1940-yillarda animatsiyada Mikkining quloqlari yanada realistik nuqtai nazardan jonlantirilgan. Keyinchalik, ular Mikki qaysi tomonga duch kelmasin, doimo aylana shaklida ko'rinishga intilishdi. Bu Mikni tomoshabinlar uchun osongina tanib oldi va uning quloqlarini norasmiy shaxsiy savdo belgisiga aylantirdi. Keyinchalik dumaloq qoida uch o'lchovli Miki-ni qayta tiklashi kerak bo'lgan o'yinchoqlar yaratuvchilari uchun dilemma yaratdi.

1938 yilda animator Fred Mur Mikki tanasini aylana shaklidagi dizaynidan uzoqlashtirib, nok shaklidagi dizaynga o'tkazdi. Hamkasb Kimbol palatasi Murni Miki-dan ajralib chiqqan birinchi animator bo'lganligi uchun maqtadi "rezina shlang, dumaloq doira "dizayni. Murning o'zi dastlab Mikni almashtirishdan asabiylashgan bo'lsa-da, Uolt Disneyga yangi dizayn yoqdi va Murga" men bundan buyon Miki shu tarzda chizilishini xohlayman "deb aytdi.

Mikkining har bir qo'lida faqat uchta va bitta bosh barmoq bor. Disney bu ham badiiy, ham moliyaviy qaror ekanligini aytib, "Badiiy jihatdan sichqon uchun beshta raqam juda ko'p. Uning qo'li banan dastasiga o'xshab qolishi mumkin edi. Moliyaviy jihatdan, 45000 ta rasmning har birida qo'shimcha barmoq yo'qligi" ni tushuntirdi. olti yarim daqiqa qisqa Studio-ni millionlab pulni tejashga yordam berdi. " Filmda Opri uyi (1929), Mikkiga tabiiy ravishda qora qo'llarini qora tanasiga qarama-qarshi qilish usuli sifatida oq qo'lqoplar berildi. Oq qo'lqoplardan foydalanish multfilm qahramonlari uchun, ayniqsa keyingi Disney qahramonlari uchun, shuningdek Disneyga tegishli bo'lmagan belgilar uchun ta'sirchan dizayn bo'lishi mumkin. Xatolar quyoni, Vudi Woodpecker, Qudratli sichqon, Mario va Sonic The Hedgehog.

Mickining ko'zlari, xuddi chizilgan kabi Samolyot aqldan ozgan va Gallopin 'Gaucho, qora va konturli katta va oq edi. Yilda Villi paroxodi, qora konturlarning pastki qismi olib tashlandi, garchi yuqori qirralari uning boshiga qarama-qarshi edi. Keyinchalik Mikkining ko'zlari faqat dastlab uning o'quvchilari bo'lgan kichik qora nuqtalardan iborat bo'lib tasavvur qilindi, uning ko'zlarining yuqori qirralari esa sochlar chizig'iga aylandi. Bu faqat Mikki ko'zlarini pirpiratganda aniq bo'ladi. Keyinchalik Fred Mur ko'zlarini o'quvchilar bilan mayda oppoq ko'zlar qilib o'zgartirdi va yuziga oddiy oq o'rniga kavkaz teri rangini berdi. Ushbu yangi Mikki birinchi bo'lib 1938 yilda partiya dasturining muqovasida paydo bo'ldi va keyingi yil animatsiya bilan Ko'rsatkich.[40] Ba'zida Mikkiga qoshlarda ko'rinib turganidek qosh berishadi Oddiy narsalar (1953) va kulgili filmda, garchi uning keyingi ko'rinishlarida qoshlari bo'lmasa ham.[iqtibos kerak ]

Mikkining dastlabki paydo bo'lishi, xususan qo'lqoplari va yuz xususiyatlari ba'zi narsalardan kelib chiqqan qora yuz ishlatilgan karikaturalar minstrel ko'rsatmoqda.[41][42][43][44][45]

Mikkining qo'lqoplari va poyabzallaridan tashqari u odatda old tomonida ikkita katta tugmachali faqat bir juft kalta shim kiyadi. Mikki muntazam ravishda rangli animatsiyada namoyish etilishidan oldin, Mikkining shimlari qizil yoki xira ko'k-yashil rangda edi. Mikkining rangli filmlari paydo bo'lishi bilan, shortilar har doim qizil rangda edi. Mikki o'zining qizil shimini kiymaganida, u ko'pincha qizil kiyimda, masalan, qizil bandmaster paltosida (Guruh konserti, Mikki Sichqonchasi klubi ), qizil kombinezon (Soat tozalagichlari, Qayiq quruvchilar ), qizil plash (Fantaziya, Qiziqarli va chiroyli bepul ), qizil palto (Squatterning huquqlari, Miki Rojdestvo Kerol ) yoki qizil ko'ylak (Mikki Daun ostida, Oddiy narsalar ).

Ovozli aktyorlar

Uolt Disney (1901-1966), Mikki Mausning hammuallifi va asoschisi Uolt Disney kompaniyasi, Mickining asl ovozi edi.

Mikki ekrani shaxsiyatining katta qismi uning taniqli uyatchanligi, falsetto ovoz. 1928 yildan boshlab Mikni Uolt Disneyning o'zi aytdi, bu vazifada Disney katta shaxsiy g'ururga ega bo'ldi. Bastakor Karl V. Stalling 1929 yilda qisqa vaqt ichida Mikki uchun yo'nalishlarni taqdim etgan birinchi odam edi Karnival Kid va J. Donald Uilson va Jou Tverp 1938 yilgi ba'zi eshittirishlarda ovozni taqdim etdi Mikki-Maus havosi teatri,[46] garchi Disney bu davrda Mikkining rasmiy ovozi bo'lib qoldi. Biroq, 1946 yilga kelib Disney doimiy ovozli ishlarni bajarish uchun studiyani boshqarish bilan juda band bo'lib qoldi, demak u endi Mikki ovozini doimiy ravishda bajara olmas edi. Bundan tashqari, uning sigareta qilish odati yillar davomida uning ovoziga zarar etkazgan.[iqtibos kerak ] Yozgandan keyin Miki va loviya qismi Qiziqarli va chiroyli bepul, Mikkining ovozi Disneyning faxriy musiqachisi va aktyoriga topshirildi Jimmi MakDonald. Uolt 1966 yilda vafot etguniga qadar Mickining ovozini vaqti-vaqti bilan takrorlab turardi, masalan 1955-1959 yillardagi asl nusxadagi kirish so'zlarida. Mikki Sichqonchasi klubi Teleseriali, "To'rtinchi yilligi namoyishi" epizodi Uolt Disneyning Disneylend 1957 yil 11 sentyabrda namoyish etilgan teleseriallar va Disneylend AQSh Radio City Music Hall-da 1962 yildan boshlab namoyish.[47]

Makdonald Miki-ni qolgan teatr shortilarining ko'pchiligida va 1976 yilda nafaqaga chiqqunga qadar turli xil televizion va reklama loyihalarida ijro etdi.[48] Biroq, bu davrda boshqa aktyorlar vaqti-vaqti bilan rol o'ynaydi. Klarens Nesh, ovozi Donald Duck, Mickining keyingi teatrlashtirilgan qisqa shimlarida ovozni taqdim etdi, masalan R'coon Dawg va Pluton partiyasi.[49] Sten Freberg - Mickey Freberg tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan yozuvlarda Mikki Sichqonning tug'ilgan kuni partiyasi. Alan Yang Disneylendning rekordlar albomida Miki ovoz berdi Dickensning Rojdestvo Keroliga moslashuvi, Uolt Disney o'yinchilari tomonidan ijro etilgan 1974 yilda.[50][51]

1983 yilgi qisqa metrajli film Miki Rojdestvo Kerol ning teatrlashtirilgan debyutini belgiladi Ueyn Alluin 1977 yildan o'limigacha 2009 yilda Mikkining rasmiy ovozi bo'lgan Mikki Sichqoncha sifatida.[52] Alluine bir marta Makdonaldning Miki haqida gapirish haqida aytgan gaplarini aytib berdi: "Jim menga Mikki to'g'risida bergan asosiy maslahat menga vaziyatni saqlab qolishimga yordam berdi. U:" Bolani yodda tut, sen faqat xo'jayinni to'ldirasan ", dedi. Va u Miki bilan yillar davomida muomala qilishda shunday yo'l tutgan. Uoltdan, endi Jimmidan. "[53] 1991 yilda Allwine turmushga chiqdi Russi Teylor, ovozi Minni Sichqoncha 1986 yildan 2019 yilda vafotigacha.

Les Perkins Mikki ovozini 1980-yillarning o'rtalarida ikkita televizion maxsus "Donald Duck bilan pastga va tashqariga" va "DTV Valentin" da ijro etdi. Piter Renaday 1980-yillarda Disneyning albomlarida ovoz chiqargan Miki Yanki Dudl Mikki va Mikki Sichqoncha Splashdansi.[54][55] U shuningdek ovozini taqdim etdi Gapirayotgan Mikki Sichqonchasi 1986 yilda o'yinchoq.[56][57] Kvinton Flinn qisqacha Allwine-ga birinchi mavsumning bir nechta epizodlaridagi Mikki ovozi sifatida to'ldirildi Mikki Sichqoncha ishlaydi Allwine yozib olish imkoni bo'lmaganda.[58]

Bret Ivan, avvalgi Belgilar tabrik kartasi rassomi - bu Mikkining hozirgi ovozi. Iwan dastlab sog'lig'i yomonlashgani sababli Allwine-ga kam o'qituvchi sifatida tayinlangan edi, ammo Ilin u bilan uchrashish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lmasdan Allwine vafot etdi va Iwan bu obrazning yangi rasmiy ovoziga aylandi. Ivaning 2009 yildagi dastlabki yozuvlari uchun ishlarni o'z ichiga olgan Disney kruiz liniyasi, Mickey o'yinchoqlari, Disney parklari va Disney on Ice: Bayramlar! muz namoyishi.[59] U to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Allwine-ni Mickey o'rniga almashtirdi Kingdom Hearts video o'yinlar seriyasi va teleseriallar Miki Sichqonchasi klubi. Uning Mikki Sichqonchani birinchi ovozli o'yinini eshitish mumkin Kingdom Hearts: Uyqu bilan tug'ilish. Iwan, shuningdek, Disneyning obrazini rebrendlash paytida Mikki obrazini yaratgan birinchi ovozli aktyor bo'lib, u Mikkining vokal effektlarini taqdim etdi. Mickey dostoni shuningdek uning ovozi Mickey epikasi 2: Ikkala kuch va qayta tuzish Illyuziya qasri.

Ivan Mikkining asosiy ovoz aktyori bo'lishiga qaramay, personajning ovozi ta'minlanadi Kris Diamantopulos ichida 2013 yilgi animatsion serial[60] va 2017 yil DuckTales qayta yoqing (Donald ventrilokist qo'g'irchoq sifatida ishlatadigan tarvuz shaklida) prodyuserlar ushbu seriyaning vintage ko'rinishiga mos kelish uchun Uolt Disneyning obrazini tasvirlashga yaqinroq ovoz qidirmoqdalar.[61]

Savdo-sotiq

Mikki Sichqon o'zining dastlabki yillaridan boshlab Disney tomonidan har xil turdagi tovar mahsulotlarida qatnashish uchun litsenziyaga ega bo'lgan. Mikki peluş o'yinchoqlar va haykalchalar sifatida ishlab chiqarilgan va Mikki obrazi futbolkalardan tortib tushlik qutilarigacha deyarli barcha narsalarni bezatgan. 1930-yillarda Disney savdosi uchun katta mas'ul bo'lgan Kay Kemen (1892-1949) "sifat uchun stiker" deb nomlangan. Kamen The Walt Disney Company tomonidan Mikkining yulduzlikka ko'tarilishida muhim rol o'ynagan deb tan olingan va unga Disney afsonasi 1998 yilda.[62] 2008 yilda uning 80 yilligini nishonlash paytida, Vaqt Mikki Sichqonchani dunyoda tan olingan belgilar qatoriga solishtirganda ham tan oldi qor bobo, Santa Klaus.[63] Disney rasmiylari butun dunyo bo'ylab 3-11 yoshdagi bolalarning 98% hech bo'lmaganda bu belgi to'g'risida xabardor ekanligini ta'kidladilar.[63]

Disney parklari

HKMickeyMinnieMainStreetSummer07.JPG Disneyland park - Anaheim Los Angeles California USA (9894366226).jpg
Minni va Mikki Gongkong Disneylend (tepada) va Mikkining uyi Mikkining Tontaun shahri (pastki)

Rasmiy Uolt Disney maskoti sifatida Miki asosiy rol o'ynadi Disney parklari ochilishidan beri Disneylend 1955 yilda. Boshqa qahramonlar singari, Mikni ham ko'pincha notanish kostyum aktyor tasvirlaydi. Ushbu shaklda u marosimlarda va son-sanoqsiz paradlarda qatnashgan. Sichqoncha bilan uchrashish va suratga tushish - mehmonlar bilan mashhur mashg'ulot. Prezidentlik lavozimidan boshlab Barak Obama (u hazil bilan uni "mendan kattaroq quloqlari bor dunyo rahbari" deb atagan)[64] Mikki bundan buyon AQShning har bir prezidenti bilan uchrashdi Garri Truman, bundan mustasno Lyndon B. Jonson.[39]

Mickey also features in several specific attractions at the Disney parks. Mikkining Tontaun shahri (Disneyland and Tokio Disneylend ) is a themed land which is a recreation of Mickey's neighborhood. Buildings are built in a cartoon style and guests can visit Mikki or Minnie's houses, Donald Duck 's boat, or Yomon 's garage. This is a common place to meet the characters.[65]

Mikkining "PhilharMagic" asari (Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland, Gongkong Disneylend ) a 4D film which features Mickey in the familiar role of symphony conductor. Da Asosiy ko'chadagi kinoteatr several of Mickey's short films are shown on a rotating basis; the sixth film is always Villi paroxodi. Mickey plays a central role in Fantazik! (Disneylend kurorti, Disneyning Gollivud studiyalari ) a live nighttime show which famously features Mickey in his role as the Sehrgarning shogirdi. Mickey was also a central character in the now-defunct Mickey Mouse Revue (Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland) which was an indoor show featuring animatronic characters. Mickey's face currently graces the Mikkining qiziqarli g'ildiragi da Disney Kaliforniyadagi sarguzashtlar bog'i, where a figure of him also stands on top of Silly Symphony Swings.

In addition to Mickey's overt presence in the parks, numerous images of him are also subtly included in sometimes unexpected places. This phenomenon is known as "Yashirin Mikki ", involving hidden images in Disney films, theme parks, and merchandise.

Video O'yinlar

Asosiy maqola: List of Disney video games (Mickey Mouse games)

Like many popular characters, Mickey has starred in many video O'yinlar, shu jumladan Mikki Musekapad ustida Nintendo ko'ngilochar tizimi, Mikki Maniya: Mikki Sichqonining abadiy sarguzashtlari, Mickining Ultimate Challenge va Disneyning sehrli vazifasi ustida Super Nintendo ko'ngilochar tizimi, Castle of Illusion Starring Mickey Mouse ustida Mega Drive / Ibtido, Miki Sichqonchasi: Sehrli tayoqchalar! ustida O'yin bolasi va boshqalar. In the 2000s, the Disneyning sehrli vazifasi ketma-ket edi ko'chirilgan uchun Game Boy Advance, while Mickey made his sixth generation era debyut Disneyning Sehrli Oynasi, Mikki Sichqoncha rol o'ynagan, a Nintendo GameCube title aimed at younger audiences. Mickey plays a major role in the Kingdom Hearts series, as the king of Disney Castle and aided to the protagonist, Sora va uning do'stlari. King Mickey wields the Keyblade, a weapon in the form of a key that has the power to open any lock and combat darkness. Mickey dostoni, featuring a darker version of the Disney universe, was released in 2010 for the Wii. The game is part of an effort by Uolt Disney kompaniyasi to re-brand the Mickey Mouse character by moving away from his current squeaky clean image and reintroducing the mischievous side of his personality.[3]

Watches and clocks

1933 yil Ingersoll Mickey Mouse wristwatch

Mickey was most famously featured on wristwatches and alarm clocks, typically utilizing his hands as the actual hands on the face of the clock. The first Mickey Mouse watches were manufactured in 1933 by the Ingersoll soatlar kompaniyasi. The seconds were indicated by a turning disk below Mickey. The first Mickey watch was sold at the Taraqqiyot asri in Chicago, 1933 for $3.75 (equivalent to $74 in 2019). Mickey Mouse watches have been sold by other companies and designers throughout the years, including Timex, Elgin, Helbros, Bradley, Lorus, and Gérald Genta[66] Xayoliy belgi Robert Langdon from Dan Brown's novels was said to wear a Mickey Mouse watch as a reminder "to stay young at heart."[67]

Boshqa mahsulotlar

1989 yilda, Milton Bredli released the electronic talking game titled Mickey Says, with three modes featuring Mickey Mouse as its host. Mickey also appeared in other toys and games, including the Ajoyib dunyolar ozod qilindi Gapirayotgan Mikki Sichqonchasi.

Fisher-prays has recently produced a line of talking animatronic Mickey dolls including "Dance Star Mickey" (2010)[68] and "Rock Star Mickey" (2011).[69]

In total, approximately 40% of Disney's revenues for consumer products are derived from Mickey Mouse merchandise, with revenues peaking in 1997.[63]

Ijtimoiy ta'sir

Siyosatda foydalaning

Qo'shma Shtatlarda, norozilik ovozlari are often made in order to indicate dissatisfaction with the slate of candidates presented on a particular ballot or to highlight the inadequacies of a particular voting procedure. Since most states' electoral systems do not provide for blank balloting or a choice of "Yuqoridagilardan hech qaysisi ", most protest votes take the form of a clearly non-serious candidate's name entered as a yozma ovoz berish. Mickey Mouse is often selected for this purpose.[70][71] As an election supervisor in Georgia observed, "If Mickey Mouse doesn’t get votes in our election, it’s a bad election."[72] The earliest known mention of Mickey Mouse as a write-in candidate dates back to the 1932 Nyu-York shahar meri saylovlari.[73]

Mickey Mouse's name has also been known to appear fraudulently on voter registration lists, such as in the 2008 yil AQSh Prezidenti saylovi.[74][75]

Pejorative use of Mickey's name

"Mickey Mouse" is a slang expression meaning small-time, amateurish or trivial. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it also means poor quality or counterfeit. However, in parts of Australia it can mean excellent or very good (rhyming slang for "grouse").[76] Examples of the former two of the three usages include the following:

  • Yilda Cho'qintirgan ota II qism, Fredo 's justification of betraying Michael is that his orders in the family usually were "Send Fredo off to do this, send Fredo off to do that! Let Fredo take care of some Mickey Mouse nightclub somewhere!" as opposed to more meaningful tasks.
  • In an early episode of the 1978–82 sitcom Mork va Mindi, Mork stated that Pluton was "a Mickey Mouse planet", referring to the future mitti sayyora having the same name as Mickey's pet dog Pluton. In reality, the planet was named about 20 years before the dog was.
  • On November 19, 1983, just after an muzli xokkey unda qaysi o'yin Ueyn Gretzki "s Edmonton Oilers mag'lub Nyu-Jersi iblislari 13–4, Gretzky was quoted as saying to a reporter, "Well, it's time they got their act together, they're ruining the whole league. They had better stop running a Mickey Mouse organization and put somebody on the ice". Reacting to Gretzky's comment, Devils fans wore Mickey Mouse apparel when the Oilers returned to New Jersey on January 15, 1984, despite a 5–4 Devils loss.[77]
  • In the 1993 Warner Bros. film Demolition Man, kabi Silvestr Stallone 's character is fighting the malfunctioning A.I. of his out-of-control police car, he shouts for the system to "Brake! Brake! Brake now, you Mickey Mouse piece of shit!"[78]
  • In the 1996 Warner Bros. film Space Jam, Xatolar quyoni derogatorily comments on Daffi Duck 's idea for the name of their basketball team, asking: "What kind of Mickey Mouse organization would name a team 'The Ducks?'" (This also referenced the Anaxaymning qudratli o'rdaklari, an NHL team that was then owned by Disney, as well as the Disney-made Qudratli o'rdaklar film franshizasi. This was referencing the Disney/Warner Brothers rivalry.)
  • In the United States armed forces, actions that look good but have little or no practical use (such as the specific manner of making beds in basic training or the polishing of brass fittings on board ship) are commonly referred to as "Mickey Mouse work."[iqtibos kerak ]
  • In schools a "Mickey Mouse course", "Mickey Mouse major", or "Mickey Mouse degree " is a class, college major, or degree where very little effort is necessary in order to attain a good grade (especially an A) or one where the subject matter of such a class is not of any importance in the labor market.[79]
  • Musicians often refer to a film score that directly follows each action on screen, sometimes pejoratively, as Mikki Mousing (shuningdek mickey-mousing va mickeymousing).[80]
  • Dasturiy ta'minot kompaniyasi Microsoft has been derogatorily called "Mickeysoft".[81]
  • In the beginning of the 1980s, then-British Bosh Vazir Margaret Tetcher once called the Evropa parlamenti a "Mickey Mouse parliament", meaning a discussion club without influence.[82]
  • In the British sitcom Qizil mitti, in the episode "Karantin", after the team's substandard equipment nearly cost them their lives, Lister pointed out, "We're a real Mickey Mouse operation, aren't we?" The Cat replied, "Mickey Mouse? We ain't even Betti Boop!"
  • The birlashgan yo'l kursi da Indianapolis avtoulov tezligi uchun ishlatiladi F1 U.S. Grand Prix has been described by Jak Vilyov and other competitors as "Mickey Mouse"[83] due to its slow uninteresting corners, and lack of challenging corners.

Parodies and criticism

Mickey Mouse's global fame has made him both a symbol of Uolt Disney kompaniyasi and of the United States itself. For this reason, Mickey has been used frequently in Amerikaga qarshi satira, such as the infamous underground cartoon "Mickey Mouse Vetnamda " (1969). There have been numerous parodiyalar of Mickey Mouse, such as the 2-page parody "Mickey Rodent" tomonidan Will Elder (nashr etilgan Telba #19, 1955) in which the mouse walks around unshaven and jails Donald Duck out of jealousy over the duck's larger popularity.[84] The grotesque Rat Fink belgi tomonidan yaratilgan Ed "Katta Dadam" Rot over his hatred of Mickey Mouse. Yilda Simpsonlar filmi, Bart Simpson puts a black bra on his head to mimic Mickey Mouse and says: "I'm the mascot of an yovuz korporatsiya!"[85] Ustida Komediya Markaziy seriyali Janubiy park, Mickey is depicted as the sadistic, greedy, foul-mouthed boss of Uolt Disney kompaniyasi, only interested in money. He also appears briefly with Donald Duck komiksda Squeak the Mouse by the Italian cartoonist Massimo Mattioli. Xorst Rozental created a comic book, Mickey au Camp de Gurs (Mickey Mouse in the Gurs Internment Camp) while detained in the Gurs internat lageri during the Second World War; he added "Publié Sans Autorisation de Walt Disney" ("Published without Walt Disney's Permission") to the front cover.[86]

In the 1969 parody novel Uzuklardan zerikkan, Mickey Mouse is satirized as Dickey Dragon.

In the fifth episode of the Japanese anime, Pop jamoasi eposi, Popuko, one of the main characters, attempts an impression of Mickey, but does so poorly.

Huquqiy muammolar

Like all major Disney characters, Mickey Mouse is not only mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan Biroq shu bilan birga savdo markasi, which lasts in perpetuity as long as it continues to be used commercially by its owner. So, whether or not a particular Disney cartoon goes into the jamoat mulki, the characters themselves may not be used as trademarks without authorization.

Tufayli Copyright Term Extension Act of the United States (sometimes called the 'Mickey Mouse Protection Act' because of extensive lobbying by the Disney corporation) and similar legislation within the Yevropa Ittifoqi and other jurisdictions where copyright terms have been extended, works such as the early Mickey Mouse cartoons will remain under copyright until at least 2023. However, some copyright scholars argue that Disney's copyright on the earliest version of the character may be invalid due to ambiguity in the copyright notice for Villi paroxodi.[87]

The Walt Disney Company has become well known for protecting its trademark on the Mickey Mouse character—whose likeness is closely associated with the company—with particular zeal. In 1989, Disney threatened legal action against three daycare centers in the Orlando, Florida mintaqa (qaerda Uolt Disney dunyosi is a dominant employer) for having Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters painted on their walls. The characters were removed, and the newly opened rival Universal studiyasi, Florida allowed the centers to use their own cartoon characters with their blessing, to build community goodwill.[88]

Uolt Disney prodaktsiyalari "Air Pirates" ga qarshi

In 1971, a group of underground cartoonists o'zlarini Havo qaroqchilari, after a group of villains from early Mickey Mouse films, produced a comic called Air Pirates Funnies. In the first issue, cartoonist Dan O'Nil depicted Mickey and Minnie Mouse engaging in explicit sexual behavior and consuming drugs. As O'Neill explained, "The air pirates were...some sort of bizarre concept to steal the air, pirate the air, steal the media....Since we were cartoonists, the logical thing was Disney."[89] Rather than change the appearance or name of the character, which O'Neill felt would dilute the parody, the mouse depicted in Air Pirates Funnies looks like and is named "Mickey Mouse". Disney sued for copyright infringement, and after a series of appeals, O'Neill eventually lost and was ordered to pay Disney $1.9 million. The outcome of the case remains controversial among free-speech advocates. New York Law School professor Edward Samuels said, "The Air Pirates set parody back twenty years."[90][yaxshiroq manba kerak ]

Mualliflik huquqining holati

There have been multiple attempts to argue that certain versions of Mickey Mouse are in fact in the jamoat mulki. In the 1980s, archivist George S. Brown attempted to recreate and sell cels from the 1933 short "The Mad Doctor", on the theory that they were in the public domain because Disney had failed to renew the copyright as required by current law.[91] However, Disney successfully sued Brown to prevent such sale, arguing that the lapse in copyright for "The Mad Doctor" did not put Mickey Mouse in the public domain because of the copyright in the earlier films.[91] Brown attempted to appeal, noting imperfections in the earlier copyright claims, but the court dismissed his argument as untimely.[91]

In 1999, Lauren Vanpelt, a law student at Arizona State University, wrote a paper making a similar argument.[91][92] Vanpelt points out that copyright law at the time required a copyright notice specify the year of the copyright and the copyright owner's name. The title cards to early Mickey Mouse films "Steamboat Willie", "Plane Crazy", and "Gallopin' Gaucho" do not clearly identify the copyright owner, and also misidentify the copyright year. However, Vanpelt notes that copyright cards in other early films may have been done correctly, which could make Mickey Mouse "protected as a component part of the larger copyrighted films".[92]

A 2003 article by Douglas A. Hedenkamp in the Virjiniya sport va ko'ngilochar qonuni jurnali analyzed Vanpelt's arguments, and concluded that she is likely correct.[91][93] Hedenkamp provided additional arguments, and identified some errors in Vanpelt's paper, but still found that due to imperfections in the copyright notice on the title cards, Walt Disney forfeited his copyright in Mickey Mouse. He concluded: "The forfeiture occurred at the moment of publication, and the law of that time was clear: publication without proper notice irrevocably forfeited copyright protection."[93]

Disney threatened to sue Hedenkamp for unvonga tuhmat, but did not follow through.[91] The claims in Vanpelt and Hedenkamp's articles have not been tested in court.[iqtibos kerak ]

Tsenzura

1930 yilda Nemis Board of Film Censors prohibited any presentations of the Mickey Mouse cartoon Barnyard jangi (1929). The animated short, which features the mouse as a kepi -wearing soldier fighting cat enemies in German-style helmets, was viewed by censors as a negative portrayal of Germany.[94] It was claimed by the board that the film would "reawaken the latest anti-German feeling existing abroad since the War".[95] The Barnyard jangi incident did not incite wider anti-Mickey sentiment in Germany in 1930; ammo, keyin Adolf Gitler came to power several years later, the Nazi regime unambiguously propagandized against Disney. A mid-1930s German newspaper article read:

Mickey Mouse is the most miserable ideal ever revealed. Healthy emotions tell every independent young man and every honorable youth that the dirty and filth-covered vermin, the greatest bacteria carrier in the animal kingdom, cannot be the ideal type of animal. Away with Jewish brutalization of the people! Down with Mickey Mouse! Kiying Swastika Cross! [96][97][98]

Amerikalik karikaturachi va yozuvchi Art Spiegelman would later use this quote on the opening page of the second volume of his graphic novel Maus.

In 1935 Romanian authorities also taqiqlangan Mickey Mouse films from kinoteatrlar, purportedly fearing that children would be "scared to see a ten-foot mouse in the movie theatre".[99] In 1938, based on the Ommaviy madaniyat vazirligi 's recommendation that a reform was necessary "to raise children in the firm and imperialist spirit of the Fascist revolution", the Italiya hukumati banned foreign bolalar adabiyoti[100] except Mickey; Disney characters were exempted from the decree for the "acknowledged artistic merit" of Disney's work.[101] Actually, Mussolini's children were fond of Mickey Mouse, so they managed to delay his ban as long as possible.[102] In 1942, after Italy declared war on the United States, fascism immediately forced Italian publishers to stop printing any Disney stories. Mickey's stories were replaced by the adventures of Tuffolino, a new human character created by Federico Pedrocchi (script) and Pier Lorenzo De Vita (art). After the downfall of Italy's fascist government in 1945, the ban was removed.

Filmografiya

Asosiy maqola: Mikki Sichqonchasi filmlari va ko'rinishlarining ro'yxati

Mickey has been announced to appear in two films. One is a live-action/CGI hybrid film based on the Magic Kingdom theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort,[103] while the other is a film idea pitched by Walt Disney Animation Studios veteran Burny Mattinson centering on Mickey, Donald, and Goofy.[27]

Tanlangan qisqa metrajli filmlar

To'liq metrajli filmlar

(Eslatma:DTV means Videoga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri)

Televizion seriyalar

Mukofotlar va sharaflar

Mickey's star on the Gollivudning Shon-sharaf xiyoboni

Mickey Mouse has received ten nominations for the Eng yaxshi animatsion qisqa metrajli film uchun Oskar mukofoti. Bular Mikkining etimlari (1931), Bino qurish (1933), Jasur kichkina tikuvchi (1938), Ko'rsatkich (1939), Qarz bering (1941), Squatterning huquqlari (1946), Mikki va muhr (1948), Miki Rojdestvo Kerol (1983), Qochib ketgan miya (1995) va Ot oling! (2013). Bular orasida Qarz bering was the only film to actually win the award. Additionally, in 1932 Walt Disney received an honorary Academy Award in recognition of Mickey's creation and popularity.

In 1994, four of Mickey's cartoons were included in the book 50 ta eng zo'r multfilm which listed the greatest cartoons of all time as voted by members of the animation field. Filmlar edi Guruh konserti (#3), Villi paroxodi (#13), Jasur kichkina tikuvchi (#26), and Soat tozalagichlari (#27).

On November 18, 1978, in honor of his 50th anniversary, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Gollivudning Shon-sharaf xiyoboni. The star is located on 6925 Hollywood Blvd.

Melbourne (Australia) runs the annual Moomba festival street procession and appointed Mickey Mouse as their Moomba qiroli (1977).[105]:17–22 Although immensely popular with children, there was controversy with the appointment: some Melburnians wanted a 'home-grown' choice, e.g. Blinky Bill; when it was revealed that Patricia O'Carroll (from Disneyland's Disney on Parade show) was performing the mouse, Australian newspapers reported "Mickey Mouse is really a girl!"[105]:19–20

Mickey was the Atirgullar paradining katta marshali on New Year's Day 2005. He was the first cartoon character to receive the honor and only the second fictional character after Qurbaqani Kermit qiling 1996 yilda.

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

Iqtiboslar

  1. ^ a b v "1928: Plane Crazy". Disney Shorts. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 1 martda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  2. ^ "Voice of Mickey Mouse dies – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 2009 yil 21 may. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  3. ^ a b Barnes, Brooks (November 4, 2009). "After Mickey's Makeover, Less Mr. Nice Guy". The New York Times. Olingan 5-noyabr, 2009.
  4. ^ To'siq, Maykl (2008). Animatsion odam: Uolt Disney hayoti. Kaliforniya universiteti matbuoti. p. 56. ISBN  978-0-520-25619-4.
  5. ^ a b Kenworthy, John (2001). The Hand Behind the Mouse (Disney ed.). Nyu York. 53-54 betlar.
  6. ^ Walt Disney: Conversations (Conversations With Comic Artists Series) by Kathy Merlock Jackson with Walt Disney " ISBN  1-57806-713-8 120-bet
  7. ^ "Mickey Mouse's Magic- Tweentimes – Indiatimes". The Times of India. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2004 yil 13 yanvarda.
  8. ^ "Mickey Mouse was going to be Mortimer Mo". Uselessknowledge.co.za. 2010 yil 8-may. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  9. ^ Albin, Kira (1995). "Mickey Rooney: Hollywood, Religion and His Latest Show". GrandTimes.com. Senior Magazine. Olingan 15 dekabr, 2013.
  10. ^ Korkis, Jim (April 13, 2011). "The Mickey Rooney-Mickey Mouse Myth". Sichqoncha sayyorasi. Olingan 9 aprel, 2014.
  11. ^ Korkis 2012, pp. 157–161
  12. ^ Walt Disney Treasures – Mickey Mouse in Black and White (1932) da Amazon.com; the product description of this Disney-produced DVD set describes Villi paroxodi as Mickey's debut.
  13. ^ Mikki Sichqoncha kuni IMDb
  14. ^ "Feliks mushuk". Toontracker.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 26 yanvarda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  15. ^ Gordon, Yan (2002). "Feliks mushuk". Sent-Jeyms pop madaniyati entsiklopediyasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2009 yil 28 iyunda.
  16. ^ Mickey was first pictured with a real human in Fantaziya in silhouette. Later a famous statue of Mickey and Walt Disney at Disneyland would maintain Mickey's size.
  17. ^ "Disney Shorts: 1930: Minnie's Yoo Hoo". Disney animatsion kalta ensiklopediyasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013 yil 2 aprelda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  18. ^ Polsson, Ken (June 2, 2010). Chronology of Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse (1930–1931) Ken Polsson personal page.
  19. ^ Polsson, Ken (June 2, 2010). Chronology of Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse (1932–1934) Ken Polsson personal page.
  20. ^ DeMille, William (November 1935). "Mickey vs. Popeye". Forum.
  21. ^ Koszarski, Richard (1976). Hollywood directors, 1914–1940, Volume 1. Oksford universiteti matbuoti. (Quotes DeMille. 1935 yil).
  22. ^ Calma, Gordan (May 17, 2005). Popeye's Popularity – Article from 1935 Arxivlandi 2011 yil 11-iyul, soat Orqaga qaytish mashinasi GAC Forums. (Quotes DeMille, 1935).
  23. ^ Sulaymon, Charlz. "Mikki Sichqonning oltin davri". Disney.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2007 yil 1 martda. Olingan 27 avgust, 2015.
  24. ^ Polsson, Ken (June 2, 2010). Chronology of the Walt Disney Company (1935–1939). Ken Polsson personal page.
  25. ^ a b Sulaymon, Charlz. "Mikki Sichqonning oltin davri". Disney.com guest services. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi on June 11, 2008.
  26. ^ Sulaymon, Charlz. "Mickey in the Post-War Era". Disney.com guest services. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2008 yil 15 iyunda.
  27. ^ a b Connelly, Brendon (March 24, 2011). "SCOOP: Mickey Mouse's First Feature Length Film Being Developed At Disney". Qon ketishi salqin. Olingan 24 mart, 2011.
  28. ^ "Mickey Mouse's first new short in 50 years; iconic character gets new retro look for big return to cartoon shorts to be featured on Disney Channel," Don Kaplan, Nyu-York Daily News, 2013 yil 3-dekabr
  29. ^ Mickey Mouse in 2017's DuckTales
  30. ^ "Moonvasion!". DuckTales. Season 2. Episode 47. September 12, 2019.
  31. ^ "ABC to celebrate 90 years of Mickey Mouse". Aydaho shtat xodimi. Associated Press. 2018 yil 7-avgust. Olingan 7 avgust, 2018.
  32. ^ "Mickey's 90th Spectacular airs on ABC on November 4, 2018". ABC.
  33. ^ "Global celebrations for Mickey Mouse 90th Anniversary". Samsung Newsroom.
  34. ^ Bucksbaum, Sydney (December 10, 2019). "Vanna White hosts Wheel of Fortune for first time while Pat Sajak recovers from emergency surgery". Ko'ngilochar haftalik. Olingan 28 dekabr, 2019.
  35. ^ a b Korkis, Jim (August 10, 2003). "Tsenzurasiz sichqon". Jim Hill Media.
  36. ^ "Mickey Mouse In Egypt! Comic Book Guide". Comicbookguide.wordpress.com. 2011 yil 12 mart. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  37. ^ Luling, Todd Van (December 10, 2015). "Here's One Thing You Didn't Know About Disney's Origin Story". Huffington Post. Olingan 11 dekabr, 2015.
  38. ^ Kindelan, Keti (2011 yil 29-noyabr). "Lost Inspiration for Mickey Mouse Discovered in England Film Archive". ABC News. Olingan 11 dekabr, 2015.
  39. ^ a b Suddat, Kler. "A Brief History of Mickey Mouse." Vaqt. 2008 yil 18-noyabr.
  40. ^ Xoliss, Richard; Brayan Sibli (1986). Uolt Disneyning Mikki Sichqonchasi: uning hayoti va davri. Nyu York: Harper va Row. pp.40–45. ISBN  0-06-015619-8.
  41. ^ Inge, M. Thomas (September 30, 2014). "Mikki Sichqonchasi". Apgarda Garri (tahrir). Mikki sichqonchasini o'qiydigan o'quvchi. Missisipi universiteti matbuoti. 341-342 betlar. ISBN  9781626743601 - Google Books orqali.
  42. ^ Caswell, Estelle (February 2, 2017). "Why cartoon characters wear gloves". Vox.
  43. ^ Holt, Patricia (May 21, 1996). "The Minstrel Show Never Faded Away". San-Fransisko xronikasi. Olingan 12 mart, 2020.
  44. ^ Davis, James C. (January 1, 2007). Commerce in Color: Race, Consumer Culture, and American Literature, 1893–1933. Michigan universiteti matbuoti. ISBN  9780472069873 - Google Books orqali.
  45. ^ Sammond, Nicholas (August 17, 2015). Sanoatning tug'ilishi: Blackface Minstrelsy va Amerika animatsiyasining ko'tarilishi. Dyuk universiteti matbuoti. ISBN  9780822375784 - Google Books orqali.
  46. ^ Korkis, Jim (2014). The Book of Mouse: A Celebration of Mickey Mouse. Theme Park Press. ISBN  978-0984341504.
  47. ^ "Your Host, Walt Disney Review". Retrieved 2017-09-24.
  48. ^ "Interview: Jimmy MacDonald - The Dundee voice of Disney". Shotlandiyalik. 2009 yil 23 dekabr. Olingan 26 oktyabr, 2020.
  49. ^ Gerstein, David; Kaufman, J.B. (2018). Mikki Sichqonchasi: yakuniy tarix. Taschen. ISBN  978-3836552844.
  50. ^ "DisneylandRecords.com – 3811 An Adaptation Of Dickens' Christmas Carol".
  51. ^ "Dickens' Christmas Carol by Disneyland Records — MouseVinyl.com".
  52. ^ "Disney Legends – Wayne Allwine". Legends.disney.go.com. 2009 yil 18-may. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  53. ^ "Wayne Allwine, Voice of Mickey Mouse for 32 Years, Passes Away at Age 62 « Disney D23". D23.disney.go.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 24 sentyabrda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  54. ^ Major, B.J. "A Disney Discography".
  55. ^ Stiv Bernsning belgilar yozuvlari - StartedByAMouse.com Xususiyatlari bo'limi Arxivlandi 2015 yil 9 mart, soat Orqaga qaytish mashinasi
  56. ^ Dave (October 18, 2008). "Children's Records & More: TALKING MICKEY MOUSE READALONG BOOKS AND CASSETTES".
  57. ^ "Talking Mickey Mouse Show, The (1986, Toy) Voice Cast". Ovoz ta'qib qiluvchilar.
  58. ^ Korkis, Jim. "A New Mouse Voice In Town by Wade Sampson". Mouseplanet. Olingan 16 avgust, 2016.
  59. ^ "Disney on Ice Celebrations features Princess Tiana and Mickey's New Voice, Bret Iwan – The Latest". Laughingplace.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2009 yil 11 sentyabrda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  60. ^ Teylor, Bleyk (2013 yil 27-iyun). "Disney Shorts-ni Mickey Sichqon uchun yangi ovoz bilan qo'shadi". Rotoskoplar. Olingan 27 iyun, 2013.
  61. ^ Smith, Dave (March 6, 2014). "Deyv Smit Disneylendning eksklyuziv va taniqli klubidagi" 33 "ning qaerdan kelganini oshkor qildi". D23. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 29 martda. Olingan 28 mart, 2014.
  62. ^ Kay Kemen disney.com saytida
  63. ^ a b v Kler Suddat (2008 yil 18-noyabr). "Mikki Sichqonning qisqacha tarixi". time.com. Time, Inc.. Olingan 21 mart, 2016.
  64. ^ Auletta, Kate (2012 yil 19-yanvar). "Obamaning Disneyga tashrifi: Prezident Touts sayyohligi, nutq paytida Mikkining katta quloqlari". Huffington Post. Olingan 14 fevral, 2014.
  65. ^ Mikkining uyi va Mikki bilan tanishing disney.com saytida
  66. ^ "SIDNEY TARTS: Jeral Genta". Thesydneytarts.blogspot.com. 2009 yil 29-noyabr. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  67. ^ Mickey Mouse-ning asl soati: Bir kunda 11000 sotilgan va Robert Lenganning tanlovi hodinkee.com saytida Arxivlandi 2014 yil 15 oktyabr, soat Orqaga qaytish mashinasi
  68. ^ "Fisher-Praysdan raqs yulduzi Mikki". Fisher-price.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 13 martda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  69. ^ "Fisher-Praydan rok-yulduz Miki". Fisher-price.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 19 oktyabrda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  70. ^ Fridman, Piter (2008 yil 10-iyun). "Prezident uchun Mikki Mausda yozing". Whatisfairuse.blogspot.com. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  71. ^ "Vichita saylovlarida eng ko'p yozilgan nomzodlar orasida MM". Nbcactionnews.com. Associated Press. 2011 yil 17-yanvar. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2011 yil 27 sentyabrda. Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  72. ^ Rigsbi, G.G. (2012 yil 15-noyabr). "Elvis, Mikki Maus va Xudo yozish uchun ovoz olishdi". savannahnow. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 9 martda. Olingan 17 aprel, 2015.
  73. ^ Fuller, Xayme (2013 yil 5-noyabr). "Agar siz sichqonchaga ovoz bersangiz". Amerika istiqboli. Olingan 30 dekabr, 2014.
  74. ^ "Soxta nomlarga qaramay ovoz berish disklari himoya qilindi - Sankt-Peterburg Tayms". Olingan 8 aprel, 2012.
  75. ^ "ACORN bo'yicha tekshiruvlar". Iqtisodchi. 2008 yil 16 oktyabr.
  76. ^ Miller, Jon (2009). Lingvo lug'ati: Avstraliyaning sevimli so'zlari va iboralari. Wollombi, N.S.W: Exisle Publishing. p. 180. ISBN  9781921497049.
  77. ^ Rozen, Dan. "1983–84: Og'riqning kuchayishi va'da berishga olib keladi". Nyu-Jersi iblislari. Olingan 25 mart, 2006.
  78. ^ "Demolition Man Script - ssenariy va / yoki Sandra Bullok, Uesli Snipes va Silvestr Stallone filmlaridan stsenariy". 2006 yil 25 mart. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2006 yil 25 martda.
  79. ^ "'Mas'uliyatsiz 'Hodge olov ostida ". BBC yangiliklari. 2003 yil 14-yanvar. Olingan 12 may, 2010.
  80. ^ "Film musiqasi". BBC. Olingan 21 oktyabr, 2010. Agar musiqa ekrandagi voqealar bilan aniq sinxronlashtirilsa, bu Miki-Mousing deb nomlanadi, masalan, banan terisiga sirg'alib tushgan kishi pastga tushayotgan shkaladan foydalanib, keyin musiqiy chalinishi mumkin. Mikki-Mousing ko'pincha komediya filmlarida uchraydi.
  81. ^ Forno, Richard (2001 yil 28-noyabr). "'Microsoft, "Yo'q" Mickeysoft ", Ha". InfoWarrior. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2001 yil 28-noyabrda. Olingan 18-fevral, 2017.
  82. ^ "Mikki Sichqonning Evropa parlamentiga nima aloqasi bor?". Evropa Ittifoqi-Oplisnigen (Daniya). Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2008 yil 7 mayda. Olingan 12 avgust, 2008.
  83. ^ Xinton, Ed (2001 yil 28 sentyabr). "F1 haydovchilari Indini taqillatmoqda". Orlando Sentinel. Olingan 20 yanvar, 2012.
  84. ^ ""Mikki Rodent! "(Mad # 19)". Johnglenntaylor.blogspot.com. Olingan 22 yanvar, 2018.
  85. ^ Simpsonlar filmi (2007) - esda qolarli iqtiboslar. Internet-filmlar uchun ma'lumotlar bazasi (IMDb) .2008 yil 20-martda olingan. 2008-yil 20-martda olingan.
  86. ^ Rozenberg, Pnina (2002). "Gursdagi Mikki Sichqonchasi - Gurs internat lagerida ishlab chiqarilgan badiiy asarlardagi hazil, kinoya va tanqid. Tarixni qayta ko'rib chiqish: nazariya va amaliyot jurnali. 6 (3): 273–292. doi:10.1080/13642520210164508. S2CID  143675622.
  87. ^ Menn, Jozef (2008 yil 22-avgust). "Disneyning yosh Mikki Mausga bo'lgan huquqlari noto'g'ri bo'lishi mumkin". Los Anjeles Tayms. Olingan 22 avgust, 2008.
  88. ^ Bolalar bog'chasi rasmlari. Snopes.com, 2007 yil 17 sentyabrda yangilangan. 2010 yil 27 iyulda olingan.
  89. ^ Mann, Ron. Direktor (1989). Komikslar kitobi maxfiy. Sfenks Productions.
  90. ^ Levin, Bob (2003). Qaroqchilar va sichqon: Disneyning qarshi madaniyatga qarshi urushi. Fantagrafik kitoblar. ISBN  1-56097-530-X.
  91. ^ a b v d e f Menn, Jozef (2008 yil 22-avgust). - Baribir bu kimning sichqonchasi?. Los-Anjeles Tayms. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2010 yil 22 oktyabrda. Olingan 13 dekabr, 2018.
  92. ^ a b Vanpelt, Lauren (1999 yil bahor). "Mikki Sichqoni - haqiqatan ham jamoat xarakteri". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2004 yil 20 martda. Olingan 13 dekabr, 2018.
  93. ^ a b Hedenkamp, ​​Duglas (2003 yil bahor). "Bepul Mikki Sichqonchasi: Mualliflik huquqiga oid ogohlantirish, lotin asarlari va mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun 1909 y.". Virjiniya sport va ko'ngilochar qonuni jurnali. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2004 yil 22 iyunda. Olingan 13 dekabr, 2018.
  94. ^ To'liq 1929 yilgi multfilm Barnyard jangi (7:48) da ko'rish mumkin YouTube. 2017 yil 16-iyun kuni olindi.
  95. ^ The Times (1930 yil 14-iyul). "Mickey Mouse muammoga duch keldi (Germaniya senzurasi)", Times arxivi (arxiv.timesonline.co.uk). Qabul qilingan 2008 yil 19-noyabr.
  96. ^ Hungerford, Amy (2003 yil 15-yanvar). Matnlarning xolokosti. Chikago universiteti matbuoti. p. 206. ISBN  0-226-36076-8.
  97. ^ LaCapra, Dominick (1998 yil mart). Osvensimdan keyingi tarix va xotira. Kornell universiteti matbuoti. p. 214. ISBN  0-8014-8496-0.
  98. ^ Rozental, Jek (1992 yil 2-avgust). "Til to'g'risida; Mikki-Mousing". The New York Times. Olingan 30 dekabr, 2008.
  99. ^ Conner, Floyd (2002). Gollivudning eng ko'p terilgani: Baxtli tanaffuslar haqidagi eng yaxshi 10 ta kitob, Prima Donnas, kassa bombalari va boshqa g'alati narsalar. tasvirlangan. Brassey's Inc. p. 243.
  100. ^ The Times (1938 yil 16-noyabr). "Sichqonchani taqiqlash". arxiv.timesonline.co.uk. London: Times arxivi. p. 15. Olingan 27 iyul, 2010.
  101. ^ "Italiya farmoni: Mikki Sichqonni qaytarib olish to'g'risida". Kechki post. XVXVI (151). Vellington, Yangi Zelandiya. 1938 yil 23-dekabr. P. 16, 3-ustun. Olingan 26 avgust, 2010.
  102. ^ Franchesko De Jakomo, Quando il duce salvò Topolino, IF terza seriya, n. 4, 1995 yil.
  103. ^ Greyzer, Mark. "Jon Favro Disneyning" Sehrli Shohligi "ga kiradi", Turli xillik,
  104. ^ Vagmeyster, Yelizaveta (2015 yil 8-aprel). "Tomosha qiling:" Mickey va Roadster Racers "2017 yilda Disney Juniorda debyut qiladi". Turli xillik. Olingan 27 avgust, 2015.
  105. ^ a b Kreyg Bellami; Gordon Chisholm; Xilari Eriksen (2006 yil 17 fevral). "Moomba: xalq uchun festival" (PDF). Melburn shahri. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi (PDF) 2006 yil 25 avgustda.

Bibliografiya

Tashqi havolalar