Ramsey Kempbell - Ramsey Campbell

Ramsey Kempbell
Kempbell 2015 yilgi Liverpul dahshat festivalida
Kempbell 2015 yilgi Liverpul dahshat festivalida
Tug'ilganJon Ramsey Kempbell
(1946-01-04) 1946 yil 4-yanvar (74 yosh)
"Liverpul", Lankashir, Angliya
Qalam nomiCarl Dreadstone, Jey Ramsay, Montgomery Comfort
KasbYozuvchi, kino va adabiyotshunos, muharrir
JanrDahshat, triller, qorong'u xayol, ilmiy fantastika
Veb-sayt
ramseycampbell.com

Ramsey Kempbell (1946 yil 4-yanvarda tug'ilgan) - ingliz dahshatli fantastika ellik yildan ko'proq vaqt davomida yozgan yozuvchi, muharrir va tanqidchi. U 30 dan ortiq roman va yuzlab hikoyalar muallifi, ularning aksariyati ushbu sohada klassik deb hisoblangan va ko'plab adabiy mukofotlar sovrindorlari. Uning uchta romani suratga olingan.

U 1960-yillarning o'rtalarida birinchi marta tanilganidan beri, tanqidchilar Kempbellni o'z sohasidagi etakchi yozuvchilardan biri sifatida ta'kidladilar: T. E. D. Klein "Kempbell bugungi kunda maydonda eng yuqori hukmronlik qilmoqda" deb yozgan,[1] va Robert Xadji uni "ehtimol ingliz g'alati fantastika an'analarining eng yaxshi jonli namoyandasi" deb ta'riflagan.[2] esa S. T. Joshi "kelajak avlodlar uni bizning avlodimizning dahshatli yozuvchisi deb bilishadi Lovecraft yoki Qora daraxt."[3]

Umumiy nuqtai

Dastlabki hayot va ish

Kempbell tug'ilgan "Liverpul", Angliya, Aleksandr Ramsiga va Noraga (Uoker) Kempbellga. U tomonidan o'qitilgan Xristian birodarlar da Sent-Edvard kolleji, Liverpul. Kempbellning bolaligi va o'spirinligi uning tug'ilishidan ko'p o'tmay ajralib qolgan ota-onasi o'rtasidagi ziddiyat bilan ajralib turardi. Kempbellning otasi ko'rilganidan ko'ra tez-tez eshitiladigan soyali ishtirokga aylandi.[4] Kempbell shunday deydi: "Men qariyb yigirma yil davomida otamni yuzma-yuz ko'rmadim va u o'layotganda edi". Bir necha yil o'tgach, Kempbellning onasi paranoyaga aylandi va shizofreniya, o'z hayotini jahannamga aylantiradi - bu qayta tiklangan matnning kirish qismida va keyingi so'zida batafsil muhokama qilgan tajriba. O'lishi kerak bo'lgan yuz.[5] Kempbellning hayotiga oid boshqa avtobiografik qismlar uning V qismida, "Ramsey Kempbell to'g'risida" uning insholar to'plamida mavjud. Ramsey Kempbell, ehtimol: 30 yillik esse va maqolalar (tahr. S.T. Joshi ), shuningdek, romanlarda Yassi politsiyachining jumbog'i (2020).

Kempbellning onasi "juda ko'p roman yozgan, ammo yozuvchi jurnallaridagi bir nechta qisqa hikoyalardan tashqari, umuman nashr etilmagan". U yosh o'g'lini o'z yozuvlarini yoshligidan yuborishga undadi.[6] Urushdan keyingi "Liverpul" ning shafqatsiz manzarasida o'sgan Kempbell ishini g'ayrat bilan iste'mol qildi Lovecraft, Ambrose Bierce, Franz Kafka va kinosi film noir.

Ghostly Tales

Kempbellning 11 yoshida yozilgan dastlabki ertaklari (1957–58; dan jurnal ta'sirida) Bolton, Lankashir, qo'ng'iroq qildi Xayol), o'n oltita hikoyadan iborat o'zini o'zi ko'rsatadigan to'plam va "Arvoh ertaklari" deb nomlangan she'ridan iborat. Kempbell bo'ysunishni niyat qilgan Xayol, ammo onasi, adabiy muvaffaqiyatni uning halokatli turmushidan qutulishni moliyalashtirishning mumkin bo'lgan usuli deb bilgan, uni noshirlarga ko'rsatadigan butun kitobi bo'lguncha kutishga ishontirgan. Uning ingliz tili o'qituvchisi Birodar Kelli unga ertaklarini sinfga o'qib berishni odat qilgan. Kempbell (Jon R. Kempbell singari) taqdim etdi Ghostly Tales "ko'plab noshirlarga" [6] shu jumladan Tom Boardman noshiri; Boardman buni rad etdi, chunki ular arvohlar haqidagi hikoyalarni nashr etmadilar, ammo uning rad etish xati Kempbellni yozishni davom ettirishga da'vat qildi.[7] Ushbu to'plam Yuveniliya ning maxsus soni sifatida o'ttiz yildan so'ng nashr etildi Kthulxuning shifri nomli jurnal Hayalet ertaklari: Ktulxuning shifri 6, № 8, butun raqam 50, Michaelmas 1987, tahrir Robert M. Narx. Shunisi qiziqki, hikoyalar asosan asosiy spektral ilmga bag'ishlangan bo'lsa-da, bitta hikoyani ("O'rmondagi bo'shliq") juda erta mifos ip deb hisoblash mumkin.

Ushbu jurnalning yana bir soni Kthulxuning shifri № 43 (Hallowmas 1983), sarlavhali Mozor podasi va boshqalar turli xil dastlabki hikoyalarni, shu jumladan keyinchalik Kempbellning birinchi kitobida qayta nashr etilgan ba'zi ertaklarning dastlabki loyihalarini to'playdi, Ko'lda yashovchi va kamroq ijarachilar (Arkham uyi, 1964)). Kempbellning dastlabki ertaklari qo'lyozmalari Liverpul jamoat kutubxonalarining mahalliy tarixiy kutubxonasida saqlanadi.

H. P. Lovecraftning ta'siri va Ko'lda yashovchi va kamroq ijarachilar

Kempbell birinchi marta duch keldi H. P. Lovecraft sakkiz yoshida (1954), "hikoyasi orqaliKosmosdan tashqaridagi rang "deb topdi Groff Konklin antologiya Ilmiy fantastikadagi g'alati sayohatlarva keyingi bir necha yil ichida o'qing "Devorlardagi kalamushlar "va"Dunvich dahshati "Dono va Freyzer antologiyasida uchraydi Terror va g'ayritabiiy buyuk ertaklar. O'n ikki yoshida Kempbell roman yozishga urindi Singan oy, ta'sirlangan Artur Machen, lekin u ellik sahifadan keyin chiqib ketdi.[8] 14 yoshida u Lovecraft-ni kashf etdi Dahshat!, nomli to'plamning ingliz nashri Yashirin qo'rquv, va uni bir kunda o'qing, fantastika ajoyibligi va dahshatini g'oyat ajoyib tarzda toping. U ham o'qigan edi Artur Machen Ushbu yoshdagi asosiy dahshatli voqealar va ba'zi bir asarlar Jon Dikson Karr uni 14 yoshida, 100 betlik Carr pastiche (tugallanmagan) deb yozishga undagan Oy nurida qotillik.[9] Ushbu asar 2020 yilda nashr etilgan Yassi politsiyachining jumboqlarishu jumladan, voyaga etgan muallifning yozilish paytida uning psixologik holatini aks ettiruvchi izohlari.

Kempbellning "Ko'l aholisi" hikoyasidan olingan Glaaki va uning minionlaridan biri tasviri.

O'n olti yoshida maktabni tark etgach, Kempbell soliq xizmati xodimi sifatida Ichki daromadga ishga kirdi (1962-66). Kempbell o'zining dastlabki turli xil hikoyalarini, shu jumladan muharrirlarga sotgan Avgust Derlet va Robert A.W. Laiddes. Uning g'alati janrda nima bo'lishi mumkinligi haqidagi tushunchasi keyingi bir necha yil davomida Lovecraft ta'siriga juda singib ketdi. 1961 yil dekabrda Kempbell o'zi yuborgan "High Streetdagi cherkov" (ilgari "Tomb-podasi" deb nomlangan) hikoyasini yakunladi. Avgust Derlet da Arkham uyi, H P Lovecraft merosini saqlab qolish uchun yakka o'zi mas'ul bo'lgan iz. Derleth 1962 yilning fevralida ushbu voqeani qabul qildi va u Kempbellning Derlet tomonidan tahrirlangan antologiyada paydo bo'lgan birinchi professional nashr etilgan ertakiga aylandi. Qorong'i aql, qorong'i yurak. Kempbell turli xil boshqa ertaklarni yozgan Kthulxu miflari 1961 yildan 1963 yilgacha. Derlet yosh yozuvchiga yozish uslubini takomillashtirish bo'yicha bebaho maslahatlarni berdi (ularning yozishmalari so'nggi paytlarda PS Publishing-ning bitta jildida chop etildi).

Kempbellning birinchi to'plami bo'lgan Lovecraft mavzularidan kelib chiqqan hikoyalar bilan uning adabiy shogirdligini shakllantirish, Ko'lda yashovchi va kamroq ijarachilar (Arkham House, 1964), o'n sakkiz yoshida bo'lganida nashr etilgan, shu kungacha o'zining Lovecraftian pastichesini to'playdi. Kempbell shunday deb yozgan edi: "1964 yilda men noshirni topish baxtiga muyassar bo'ldim va bitta turi mening Arkham uyi uchun Lovecraftian kitobini yozishimga bog'liq edi. Yagona noshir buni hatto o'ylab ko'rgan bo'lishi mumkin va o'sha paytdagi juda oz sonli biri. dahshatni nashr eting. "[10] To'plamning sarlavhali hikoyasi Kempbell tomonidan Lovecraft tomonidan taqiqlanganga o'xshash yashirin ilm-fan kashfiyoti ixtiro qilingan Nekronomikon, Glaaki oyatlari (qarang Kthulxu miflari kitoblari ). Taklifiga binoan Avgust Derlet, u dastlab o'zi o'rnatgan ko'plab dastlabki hikoyalarini qayta yozdi Massachusets shtati joylari Arkham, Dunvich va Innsmut va ularni xayoliy va atrofidagi ingliz tilidagi sozlamalarga o'tkazdi Gloucestershire shahar Brichester, yaqin Severn daryosi, o'zi yaratgan Severn vodiysi Lovecraftian dahshatlari uchun muhit.[11] Brichesterning ixtiro qilingan joyiga Kempbellning vatani "Liverpul" katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi va uning keyingi ishlarining aksariyati haqiqiy shaharlarda joylashgan "Liverpul" va Mersisayd maydon. Uning keyingi ishlari Liverpulga bo'lgan e'tiborni davom ettiradi; xususan, uning 2005 yilgi romani Yashirin hikoyalar (AQShda qisqartirilgan nashrda nashr etilgan[12] kabi Yashirin hikoya (2006)) Liverpudliya nutqi, xarakterlari, hazil-mutoyibasi va madaniyatini namoyish etadi va kinoya qiladi Hovuzdagi mavjudotlar shahar geografiyasi va tarixiga asoslanadi.

"Sovuq chop etish" (1969) qissasi Kempbellning adabiy shogirdlik faoliyatini tugatdi va Lovecraft mohiyatini Yangi Angliya orqa daraxtlaridan zamonaviy shahar sharoitiga olib chiqdi. Keyinchalik Kempbell to'plam sifatida nashr etiladigan tubdan eksperimental ertaklar ustida ishlash paytida Lovecraftni qisqacha rad etdi. Yorug'lik bilan jinlar; ammo keyinchalik u Lovecraftning doimiy ta'sirini va keyinchalik to'plangan Cthulhu Mythos ertaklarini tan oldi Sovuq chop etish (1985; 1993 yilda kengaytirilgan), pastiche-dan hurmatga o'tishni tasdiqlaydi, eng muhimi, "Qarag'ay Dunesidagi yuzlar" va "Sohildagi ovoz" (1982) g'oyat syurreal. Keyinchalik ish hali ham "Lovecraft tomonidan erishilgan kosmik cho'qqilarga chiqishga" intilmoqda, xususan roman O'rmonning eng qorong'i qismi (2003), roman Glaakining so'nggi vahiysi (2013) va uning uchta Brichester Mythos trilogiyasini (2016-18) tashkil etgan.

1970-yillar: "Men o'zim bo'lishga qaror qildim": Yorug'lik bilan jinlar va dastlabki romanlar

1964 yildan 1968 yilgacha yozilgan hikoyalari bilan Rossiterning qayta shakllanishi (birinchi qoralama Chandiq), Kechasi bog ' (birinchi qoralama Goatswood-da ishlab chiqarilgan) va Voris (birinchi qoralama Sovuq chop etish), Kempbell iloji boricha Lovecraftdan farqli o'laroq yo'lga chiqdi. Kabi yozuvchilarni kashf etgan holda Vladimir Nabokov, Robert Aikman, Grem Grin, Iris Merdok, Uilyam Burrouz va Genri Miller va frantsuzcha "yangi roman" kabi ta'sirlar bilan u o'z ishining uslubiy imkoniyatlarini kengaytirishdan manfaatdor bo'ldi. U aylanadigan to'plamni tugatdi Yorug'lik bilan jinlar 1968 yilda, lekin 1973 yilgacha nashr etilmaydi. Shu orada, 1969 yildan 1973 yilgacha u o'zining hikoyalarini yozishda davom etdi, unda u asta-sekin o'z ovozi va mavzularini rivojlantirdi va Lovecraft ta'sirini ancha ortda qoldirdi. Kempbell Liverpul jamoat kutubxonalarida kutubxonada yordamchi bo'lib ishlagan (1966–73) va mas'ul kutubxonachi vazifasini bajaruvchi bo'lgan (1971–73).

1969 yilda u yozgan edi Retrospektdagi Lovecraft, Lovecraft-ga qarshi zo'ravon diatribe, uchun fanzine Soya,[13] "[Lovecraftning] ishini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri qoralash."[14] Biroq, uning 1985 yilgi kitobida Sovuq chop etisho'zining Lovecraftian hikoyalarini to'playdigan Kempbell maqolada bildirilgan fikrlarni rad etdi va shunday dedi: "Men Lovecraft bu sohadagi eng muhim yozuvchilardan biri ekanligiga ishonaman"[15] va "Men o'qigan Lovecraftning birinchi kitobi meni yozuvchi qildi".[16]

1970 yil atrofida Kempbell o'zining birinchi boshlang'ich "J." dan foydalanishni to'xtatdi. uning asarlari haqida, garchi bundan bir necha hikoyalar oldinroq "Ramsey Kempbell" singari paydo bo'lgan bo'lsa, bir necha kundan keyin ham "J. Ramsey Kempbell" kabi nashr etilgan. Keyinchalik Kempbell "Jon" ni olib tashlash uchun qonuniy ravishda ismini o'zgartirdi.

To'rt yil soliq idorasida va etti yil jamoat kutubxonalarida ishlagandan so'ng, 1973 yilga kelib Kempbell Arkham uyi tomonidan ikkinchi to'plamining chiqarilishi bilan rag'batlanib, doimiy yozuvchiga aylandi, Yorug'lik bilan jinlar (Ramsey Kempbell tomonidan). Ushbu to'plam 1971 yilda nashr etilishi kerak edi, ammo o'limidan ikki yil oldin saqlanib qoldi Avgust Derlet. Yorug'lik bilan jinlar o'z ichiga oladi Franklin paragraflari, bu Lovecraftning yozish uslubiga parodiya qilmasdan hujjatli bayon qilish uslubidan foydalanadi. Kabi boshqa ertaklar Yoz kunining oxiri va Miya chayqalishi, Kempbellning juda o'ziga xos etuk uslubi paydo bo'lganligini namoyish eting S. T. Joshi yozgan:

Shubhasiz, uning ijodining katta kuchi shunchaki uning nasriy uslubidan kelib chiqadi, u barcha zamonaviy adabiyotlarda eng suyuq, zich va hayajonli narsalardan biri [...] Hatto eng dunyoviy narsalarning tafsilotlari va rezonanslari uchun uning ko'zlari va uning qobiliyati ularni aniq va deyarli nasriy-she'riy tarzda ifodalash uchun, uning asariga birdaniga ta'rifi qiyin, ammo idrok etilishi oson bo'lgan ravshanlik va xayolparast tumanlikni bering.[17]

Kitob ko'rinishi paydo bo'ldi T. E. D. Klein keng va juda ijobiy sharh yozish, Ramsey Kempbell: minnatdorchilik yilda Nyctalops jurnal va tanqidchi S. T. Joshi bayon qildi[18] bu:

uning [...] rivoyati alusivligi; ehtiyotkorlik bilan, ba'zida hatto obsesif xarakterdagi o'tkinchi hislar va psixologik jarayonlarga e'tibor qaratish; ijtimoiy, madaniy va siyosiy masalalarni sharhlashga imkon beradigan tajovuzkor zamonaviy muhit—hammasini birlashtirish Yorug'lik bilan jinlar shundan buyon dahshatli fantastikaning eng muhim kitobi Lovecraft "s Chet elda va boshqalar.

Kempbell shunday deb yozgan edi: "Tugatish bilan Yorug'lik bilan jinlar 1968 yilda men o'zimni beparvo his qildim va bu keyingi ertaklarning bir nechtasida aks etadi ".[19] U 1970 yilda atigi to'rtta ertakni, 1971 yilda esa beshta hikoyani yozgan. U "retrospekt mening [to'la vaqtli yozuvni yozish] qarorimning naqadar beparvo bo'lganligini ko'rsatmoqda. Kirbi Makkali, hozir mening agentim, qisqa dahshatli hikoyalar bozori juda cheklangan edi ... Mening qarorim iloji boricha ilmiy fantastika bilan shug'ullanish edi. Ularning ozi sotildi ... "[20] Ko'plab ilmiy fantastika ertaklari to'plangan Muvaffaqiyatsiz ertaklar (2008); u shuningdek roman yozgan Meduza (1973) va "Sekin" qissasi (to'plangan O'liklar aytgan ), ammo o'zining ilmiy fantastikasi "Mavzular bilan juda ongli ravishda shug'ullanishga harakat qilganini his qilaman", deb ta'kidlagan.[21]

Dahshat olamidan tashqarida u Tond nomli musofirlar dunyosida dushmanlari bilan kurashgan Qilichboz Rayning bosh rolida bir qator fantastik hikoyalarni yozdi. Dastlab turli antologiyalarda nashr etilgan ushbu hikoyalar oxir-oqibat to'plamga to'plandi Far Away & Never (Necronomicon Press, 1996 yil iyul). 1976 yilda u uchtasini "yakunladi" Robert E. Xovard tugallanmagan Sulaymon Keyn hikoyalar, Basti Hawk, Iblis qasri va Asshurning bolalari (1978 va 1979 yillarda nashr etilgan). Arkham uyi o'zining dahshatli hikoyalarining ikkinchi qattiq qopqoq to'plamini nashr etganda, Qichqiriqning balandligi (1976), u zamonaviy dahshatli yozuvchilardan biri sifatida ko'rina boshlagan.

1976 yilda Kempbellning birinchi romani ham nashr etildi, Onasini azoblagan qo'g'irchoqkabi raqamlardan darhol olqishlarga sazovor bo'ldi Fritz Leyber va T.E.D. Klayn. Bunda va O'lishi kerak bo'lgan yuz (1979), Kempbell o'zining keyingi ko'plab romanlarida mavjud bo'lgan egalik, jinnilik va begonalashuvning psixologik mavzulariga tegib, yovuzlik sirlarini to'liq o'rgana boshladi. U shuningdek, asosan g'ayritabiiy bo'lgan qisqa hikoyalarni yozishni davom ettirdi World Fantasy mukofoti "Baca" (1977) va "Makintosh Villi" (1980) uchun.

Kempbell umrbod film ishqibozi bo'lgan; kabi dastlabki hikoyalar Rossiterning qayta shakllanishi (1964; ning dastlabki versiyasi Chandiqkabi rejissyorlarning ta'sirini ko'rsatish Alain Resnais va 1969 yilda Kempbell film sharhlovchisiga aylangan edi BBC radiosi Mersisayd.[19] U Mersisaydda juma kuni "Nonushta" da ishlagan, kamroq esa Kler Xemiltonning yakshanba kungi shousida. Uning mersisaydlik sharhlarining uzunroq versiyasi Radio Mersisayd veb-saytida paydo bo'ldi, u erda u DVD-larni ham ko'rib chiqdi.[22] Uning eski filmlarga bo'lgan muhabbati Kempbellning keyingi ikkita romanida, Qadimgi tasvirlar va Zulmatning kulgisi.

Kempbell yozgan romanlar va bir qator romanlari uchun tanishtirishlar Umumjahon dahshat filmlar. Seriya juda murakkab nashr tarixiga ega. Ular 1977 yilda AQShda Berkley Medallion Books tomonidan bir xil qadoqlangan qog'ozli qog'ozda nashr etilgan Umumjahon dahshat kutubxonasi. Berkley nashrining oltitasi ham nashr etilgan uy nomi 'Karl Dredstoun'; AQShning oltita nashrida ham tegishli filmlardan kadrlar joylashtirilgan. Ushbu to'plam slipbaskada quti sifatida taqdim etilgan, shuningdek alohida sotilgan deb ishoniladi. Kempbell tomonidan faqat uchta roman yozilgan, garchi u oltita jildga kirish so'zlarini qo'shgan. AQShning ushbu seriyasining muqovalangan nashri ma'lum emas. Kempbellning serialga qo'shgan hissasi bo'ldi Frankenshteynning kelini, Drakulaning qizi va Bo'ri odam, Carl Dreadstone sifatida nashr etilgan. Ushbu uy nomi ostida paydo bo'lgan yana uchta roman Kempbell emas, balki boshqa mualliflar tomonidan yozilgan.[23] Uolter Xarris ikkita roman yozgan: Londonning bo'ri va Qora lagundan mavjudot. Oltinchi Dreadstone muallifi (Mummy) noma'lum bo'lib qolmoqda.[24] Buyuk Britaniyada nashr etilgan nashrlar - 1978 yilda Universal Books (qog'ozli bo'linma) W. H. Allen Ltd ) nashr etilgan Frankenshteynning kelini (Kempbell tomonidan) Harris bilan birgalikda Londonning bo'ri va (noma'lum muallif) Mummy "Carl Dreadstone" nomi ostida, xuddi shunday qadoqlash bilan "Klassik dahshat kutubxonasi". Qolgan seriyalar Buyuk Britaniyada chiqarilishidan oldin yana ikki yil o'tishi kerak edi. Seriyaning so'nggi uchtasi 1980 yilda "Yulduzli kitoblar" (W. H. Allenning izi) tomonidan nashr etilgan (1978 yildagi sarlavhalardan farqli o'laroq) va bu uchtasi boshqa "-E" nomi ostida paydo bo'lgan. K. Leyton '. Bu Kempbellning ketma-ket qolgan ikkita romani edi, Drakulaning qizi va Bo'ri odam, Harris bilan birgalikda Qora lagundan mavjudot. Ehtimol, Buyuk Britaniyaning qog'ozli qog'ozlaridan oldin kamida bitta qattiq qopqoqli omnibus nashr etilgan: Omnibusning dahshatli klassik kutubxonasi - Londonning mumiyasi va bo'ri odami (London: Allan Vingate, 1978). Uning mavjudligi, ketma-ket balansni to'playdigan ikkita sherigining qattiq qopqoqli omnibuslari bo'lishi mumkinligini taxmin qiladi (agar ular Kempbell tomonidan yozilgan romanlarni o'z ichiga olgan bo'lsa), ammo ularning mavjudligi / chiqarilishi noaniq. Buyuk Britaniyaning oltita qog'ozli qog'ozi va qattiq qopqoqli omnibusi AQShning asl nusxalarida paydo bo'lgan kadrlarni suratga olmagan.[25]

1979 yilda g'ayritabiiy bo'lmagan triller nashr etildi O'lishi kerak bo'lgan yuz, a hikoyasi gomofob ketma-ket qotil asosan qotil nuqtai nazaridan aytilgan. Dastlab ko'plab noshirlar, shu jumladan Kempbellning Britaniyalik noshiri tomonidan ko'rib chiqilgan Tomas Tessier Millington Books-da, nashr etish uchun juda achinarli, uni ko'plab tanqidchilar Kempbellning eng yaxshi asarlaridan biri deb bilishadi. Romanni 1979 yilda birinchi marta qog'ozli nashrda nashr etgan "Yulduzli kitoblar" tomonidan kesilgan; u 1983 yil AQShning Scream Press nashrigacha to'liq chiqarilmagan.

1980-yillar: Parazit ga Qadimgi tasvirlar

Kempbell 1980-yillarda yanada sermahsul bo'lib, kamida sakkizta roman (ulardan oltitasi katta mukofotlarga sazovor bo'lgan) va uchta qissa to'plamlarini nashr etdi. U Lovecraft ta'siridan uzoqlashgandan so'ng, "xuddi o'zimga o'xshab ketishga qat'iy qaror qilganini", shuningdek "Chikago va San-Frantsisko haqidagi ertaklar Fritz Leyber endi har xil yo'llar bilan mening modellarim edi. Men har kuni shahar peyzajini egallab olishdan ko'ra kelib chiqadigan g'ayritabiiy dahshat tuyg'usiga erishmoqchi edim va Fritz qanday qilib bu sohaning eng yaxshi an'analariga asoslanib zamonaviy g'alati ertaklarni yozganiga va hozirgacha hayratda qoldim. ularning ba'zi kuchlarini Angliya va Amerika ta'sirini birlashtirishga jalb qildi. "[26]

1981 yilda, Stiven King dahshat maydonining yarim avtobiografik sharhini nashr etdi, Danse Macabre. 20-asr amaliyotchilariga bag'ishlangan bobda King butun qismini Kempbellning badiiy asariga bag'ishladi. Rey Bredberi, Sherli Jekson, Piter Straub, Richard Matheson, Jek Finni va boshqalar. Kempbellning dastlabki ishlari asosida, ayniqsa Onasini azoblagan qo'g'irchoq, King muallifning kuchi uning gallyutsinogen nasr va asabiy psixologiyasida, uning qahramonlarining dunyoga munosabati va bu o'quvchilarga qanday ta'sir qilishida ekanligini ta'kidladi.

Kempbell romanida yoki hikoyasida dunyoni LSD sayohatining endigina tugaydigan ... yoki endigina boshlanadigan ingichka va o'zgaruvchan sezgir tumanligi orqali ko'rish mumkin ko'rinadi. Yozuvining jilosi va ibora va obrazning odob-axloqi uni janrdagi Joys Kerol Oatesga o'xshatmoqda [...], LSDda sayohat qilayotganda, uning qahramonlari narsalarni ko'rishda sovuq va engil shizofrenik narsa bor .. Va ular ko'rgan narsalarda [...] Yaxshi narsalar. Ammo g'alati; Kempbell shunchalik noyobki, u ham savdo belgisi bo'lishi mumkin.[27]

King shuningdek, Kempbellning dastlabki qisqa hikoyalaridan birini alohida maqtash uchun alohida ajratib ko'rsatdi: "'The Companion 'ingliz tilida o'ttiz yil ichida yozilgan eng yaxshi dahshatli ertak bo'lishi mumkin; Bu, albatta, o'n yuztadan bittasi, bu hali bosmadan chiqadi va yuz yildan keyin odatda o'qiladi. "[28] Ushbu voqea Kempbellning 1982 yildagi to'plamida paydo bo'ldi, Qorong'u sahobalar, o'sha davrdagi boshqa ertaklar bilan bir qatorda odatda mumtoz sifatida keltirilgan: "Baca", "Makintosh Villi" va "Avvaliga qo'ng'iroq".

Parazit (1980; AQShda boshqa oxiri bilan nashr etilgan O'liklarni uyg'otish uchun) - bu sehrli amaliyotga (Lovecraftian osti bilan) qo'shilib ketadigan ayol qahramoni nuqtai nazaridan aytilgan qizg'in roman. Yilda Ismsizlar (1981), shuningdek, ayol nuqtai nazaridan aytilganidek, bola bedarak yo'qolgan va faqat bir necha yil o'tgach, yomon tashkilotga qo'shilgan. Ta'qib qilish (1982) bolalik do'stlarining bir guruhi o'zlarining kelajagi, keyingi hayotlarida ularni qiynashlari haqidagi istaklarini bildirishni o'z ichiga oladi; ammo, Kempbellning aberrant ruhiy holatlarni o'z ichiga olgan ishlarida keng tarqalgani kabi, bu hodisalarning g'ayritabiiy kelib chiqishi aniq ko'rinmaydi. Yilda Inkarnated (1983), tush va haqiqat o'rtasidagi chegaralar asta-sekin buziladi, chunki psixologik eksperimentda qatnashgan bir guruh belgilar o'zlarining kundalik hayotlarida parchalanishni boshlaydilar (roman Kempbellning onasining so'nggi ruhiy tanazzulining "dahshatli kobus yili" da yozilgan) ).

Yilda Tirnoq (1983; dastlab Jey Ramsey taxallusi bilan nashr etilgan) va Och oy (1986), Kempbell avvalgi romanlarga qaraganda ancha tijorat asosida yozadi. Ikkinchisi, shu davrdagi shunga o'xshash ish yo'nalishidagi ko'p belgili "kichik shaharcha" dahshatli voqea, ehtimol Stiven King singari "nasos bilan ishlangan" kichik janr.Salemning loti. Xarakterli ravishda halol va o'z-o'zini tanqid qiladigan keyingi so'zlarda,[29] Kempbell buni da'vo qilmoqda Och oy, shu kabi tijorat fikrlovchi bilan birga Parazit va kamroq darajada, Tirnoq, o'z asarlari orasida eng kam muvaffaqiyatga erishgan, noqulay ravishda tuzilgan, juda ko'p g'oyalarni o'z ichiga olgan va / yoki aniq zo'ravonlikka moyil. Aksincha, Ta'sir (1988) va Qadimgi tasvirlar (1989) - g'ayritabiiy tahdidning qat'iy chizilgan romanlaridir, ularning har biri (asosan) ayolning markaziy belgilariga ega va muallifning savdo belgisining taklifchanligi va syurreal tasvirlari tufayli bezovtalik yaratadi. 1987 yilda Kempbell nashr etildi Qattiq qo'rqib ketdi, "jinsiy va dahshat" qisqa hikoyalar to'plami.

1980-yillarning boshlarida Kempbell Liverpulda bir qancha vaqt davomida "Liverpul" ning yosh yozuvchisi bilan kinoteatrlar va turli partiyalarda kesib o'tgan. Kliv Barker, London atrofida dramaturg sifatida ishlagan. Barker Kempbelldan qisqa hikoyalar uchun bozorlarni bilishini so'radi va oxir-oqibat yaqinda nashr etiladigan qo'lyozma va unga taklif qilingan shartnomani ko'rib chiqishni iltimos qildi. Kempbellning aytishicha, "qo'lyozmaga qaraganimda jagim tushib ketdi - bu shunday bo'lib chiqdi Qon kitoblari Kempbell birinchi nashrga kirish so'zini yozdi.

Kempbell dahshatli kino haqidagi ko'plab maqolalarni taqdim etdi Dahshat va g'ayritabiiy Penguen Entsiklopediyasi (1986).

1990-yillar: Yarim tunda quyosh ga Ular eshitadigan so'nggi ovoz

1990-yillarda Kempbell yana sakkizta roman nashr etganini ko'rdi, ammo bu o'n yillikning ikkinchi yarmida u jinoyatchilik va ijtimoiy begonalashish haqidagi ertaklarni o'rganish uchun an'anaviy dahshatdan uzoqlashdi. Ushbu o'n yillik romanlarning to'rttasi eng yaxshi roman uchun katta mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi.

Yilda Yarim tunda quyosh (1990), begona mavjudot, ehtimol, bolalar yozuvchisi ongida dunyoga kirishni qidiradi. Dahshat qo'rquv bilan birlashganda, Yarim tunda quyosh ta'sirini ko'rsatadi Algernon Blekvud va Artur Machen shuningdek, Lovecraft. Muallif ushbu romanni "sharafli muvaffaqiyatsizlik" deb hisoblasa ham,[30] bu ko'plab ixlosmandlar kariyerasining ushbu bosqichidagi eng muhim voqea sifatida ajralib turadigan narsadir. Arvohlar kerak (1990), roman, dahshatli va kulgili narsalarni uyg'unlashtirgan kobus asari; Kempbellning o'zi ushbu asarning kompozitsiyasini o'z asarlari orasida noyob deb ta'riflagan, chunki u "sahifada tush ko'rganday tuyuladi" va nisbatan tezkor ravishda texnik yoki tarkibiy tuzilmalarsiz yozilgan.

Qora komediyada xushyoqar ketma-ket qotil paydo bo'ladi O'n bir graf (1991), unda Kempbellning sovg'asi namoyish etiladi so'z o'ynash, va muallif aytgan so'zlar bezovta qilmoqda, chunki u "kerak deb o'ylaganingizda kulgili bo'lishni to'xtatmaydi".[31] O'sha paytdagi obzorda markaziy obraz Sten Laurelning filmida ijro etilishi mumkinligi aytilgan, bu kuzatish Laurel va Hardining ajoyib muxlisi bo'lgan Kempbellni xursand qilgan. Ushbu o'n yillikning boshqa romanlari kiradi Uzoq yo'qolgan (1993), unda a gunohkor Uelsda dam olayotgan er-xotin tomonidan topilgan va go'yo qarindosh sifatida uyga olib kelingan va jamoaga katta ta'sir ko'rsatgan. "Uydagi roman" deb nomlangan Nazaret tepasidagi uy (1996) muallifning M R Jeymsianning taklifchanligini tobora o'ziga xos bo'lgan nasriy uslub bilan birlashtirgan holda, oilaviy psixologiya va ijtimoiy jarayonlarning o'zgarmas tabiati, xususan, yoshlarning mustaqillikka intilishi va boshqalarga tahdid solishi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan narsalarni dahshatli o'rganishdir. Ishqibozlar buni Kempbellning eng kuchli asarlaridan biri deb bilishadi.

Kempbell bundan oldin g'ayritabiiy romanni nashr etgan edi Yagona xavfsiz joy (1995), unda juda zaryadlangan foydalaniladi triller ijtimoiy muammolarni, masalan, bolalardan mahrum etish va ularni suiiste'mol qilish kabi masalalarni ko'rib chiqish uchun rivoyat qildi va 1998 yilda u o'zi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan g'ayritabiiy ishdan uzoqroq muddatga yuz o'girdi. Bu vaqtga kelib, dahshat tijorat jihatdan kamroq muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va noshirlar bunday materialni nashr qilishda kamroq imkoniyatga ega bo'lishdi, bularning barchasi Kempbellni bir qator jinoyatlar haqida roman yozishga undaydi. Birinchi, Ular eshitadigan so'nggi ovoz (1998) - bu ikki aka-uka o'z hayotidagi avvalgi voqealarni o'zgartirib, mushuk-sichqoncha o'yiniga kirishganligi sababli, vaqt o'tishi bilan oldinga va orqaga o'zgarib turadigan qat'iy syujetli triller. Kempbell "norozilik ostida" yozilgan bo'lsa-da, kitobni kompozitsiya paytida o'z muhri bosilgan deb o'ylardi va keyingi ikki romani ham g'ayritabiiy edi.

Ushbu o'n yil ichida Kempbell kamida to'rtta qisqa hikoyalar to'plamini nashr etdi, shu jumladan 1993 yilda 30 yillik martaba retrospektivasi Dahshatlarda yolg'iz: Ramsey Kempbellning 1961-1991 yillardagi ajoyib qisqa fantastikasi, Kempbellning asl noshiri tomonidan nashr etilgan, Arkham uyi. Jeff K. Potter tomonidan tasvirlangan ushbu jild Kempbellning o'sha o'ttiz yil ichida nashr etgan barcha hikoyalarining to'liq to'plami emas, balki Kempbell va uning muharriri Jim Tyorner vakili bo'lgan 39 ta ertakdir. Shu kungacha uning butun faoliyati davomida materiallarga asoslanib, odatda muallifning ishi bilan tanish bo'lmagan o'quvchilar uchun yaxshi kirish joyi hisoblanadi. Kabuslarni uyg'otish (1991), Ajabo narsalar va begona joylar (1993) va Arvohlar va hayajonli narsalar (1998) ushbu davrdagi Kempbellning qisqa badiiy asarlarini ko'p qismini to'playdi. Ushbu o'n yillik hikoyalar to'plamidan ikkitasi eng yaxshi to'plam uchun katta mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi.

1999 yilda Kempbell Butunjahon dahshat konvensiyasining Buyuk ustasi mukofotiga va Qo'rquv Yozuvchilari uyushmasining "Umr bo'yi yutuqlari" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.

2000-yillar: Jim bolalar ga Hovuzdagi mavjudotlar

"Noughties" da Kempbell o'zining serhosil asarini davom ettirdi, yiliga o'rtacha bir roman va uchta qisqa hikoyalar to'plamini nashr etdi. U har hafta filmlar va DVD-larni ko'rib chiqdi BBC radiosi Mersisayd 2007 yilgacha va har oyda "Ramsining Ramblings" film kolonkasida o'z hissasini qo'sha boshladi Video qo'riqchi jurnal. 2002 yilda PS Publishing Kempbellning dahshat va boshqa qiziqishlariga bag'ishlangan insholar to'plamini nashr etdi: Ramsey Kempbell, ehtimol (ushbu hajm 2014 yilgi qayta nashrga qo'shimcha materiallarni qo'shish uchun kengaytirildi). To'plamga kitoblarga obzorlar, filmlarga obzorlar, avtobiografik yozuvlar va boshqa badiiy adabiyotlar, shuningdek, mualliflarning eslashlari va minnatdorchiliklari kiradi. Jon Brunner, Bob Shou va K. V. Jeter va keng, salbiy tanqid Shaun Xutson "s Heathen, parodiya qilish Xutsonning uslubi.

Yana ikkita jinoyat romani nashr etilgandan so'ng -Jim bolalar (2000), ekssentrik bola qotili haqida hikoya; va Otalar shartnomasi (2001), bu ashaddiy diniy amaliyotlarga asoslanadi - Kempbell g'ayritabiiy va boshqa dunyoga qaytdi. O'rmonning eng qorong'i qismi (2003) H P Lovecraft-ning kosmik dahshatlarini muvaffaqiyatli uyg'otdi va Kempbell tomonidan nashr etilgan birinchi ish bo'ldi PS nashriyoti; muallif Buyuk Britaniyaning izi bilan uzoq muddatli munosabatlardan bahramand bo'lib, ko'pgina yangi asarlarga birinchi bosma huquqlarni taqdim etdi. Bir necha oy davomida to'liq ish kunida ishlagan Chegaralar do'kon, deb yozgan Kempbell Bir kecha (2004), haqida kitob do'koni tungi smenada o'zlarining jahannam ish joylarida qamalib qolgan xodimlar. Yilda Yashirin hikoyalar (2005; AQShning qisqartirilgan nashri, Yashirin hikoya, 2006) Kempbell ketma-ket qotilni qora komik tarzda o'rganish bilan jinoyat janriga qaytdi, uning jinoyatlari to'g'risida yozma hisobotlari beixtiyor badiiy tanlovda g'olib chiqdi va natijada yana qotilliklarga olib keldi.

Zulmatning kulgisi (2007) - ko'pchilik Kempbellning asari, uning uslubiy uslubining namoyishi va kuchli Internetdan foydalanishdan kelib chiqadigan zamonaviy muammolarga kuchli e'tibor qaratgan deb hisoblaydi - muallifning kino tarixiga bo'lgan qiziqishidan kelib chiqadi, chunki u xarakterga tegishli material izlaydi. Tubbi Takeray ismli jim film komediyachi. Muallifning o'zi, ko'pincha o'z mahsulotini tanqid qilib, ushbu romanni mamnuniyat bilan kutib olish uchun davom ettirmoqda. Qo'rquv (2008) va Hovuzdagi mavjudotlar (2009) dahshatli ta'sir ko'rsatish uchun muallifning tug'ilgan joyi - Liverpul va uning atrofidagi joylardan foydalaning.

O'liklar aytgan (2003) va Faqat orqangizda (2009) Kempbellning so'nggi qisqa badiiy asarlarini yig'di Muvaffaqiyatsiz ertaklar (2008), bir qator nashr qilinmagan hikoyalarni to'plab, stilist sifatida o'zining dastlabki evolyutsiyasini hujjatlashtirdi.

2007 yilda Kempbell Xalqaro dahshat gildiyasining "Living Legend" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.

2010 yil: Qobilning yetti kuni "Brichester mifos trilogiyasi" ga

2010 yildan keyin Kempbell yiliga kamida bir kitob nashr etishni davom ettirdi, shu jumladan o'zining va birinchi ustozi Avgust Derletning (va) birinchi ustozi o'rtasidagi dastlabki karerasidan kelgan maktublar to'plamini (Arkxemga xatlar: Ramsey Kempbell va Avgust Derletning xatlari, 1961-1971, tahrir. S. T. Joshi, 2014).

Ikkalasi ham Qobilning yetti kuni (2010) va O'zingizni omadli deb o'ylang (2014) Internetdan foydalanishni o'rganing, chunki onlayn ko'rinadigan belgilar haqiqiy dunyoga noqulay ta'sirlar bilan ta'sir eta boshlaydi. 2010 yilda Kempbellga filmning romanini yozish topshirildi Sulaymon Keyn, Robert E. Xovardning qilichlari va sehr-jodu haqidagi hikoyalariga asoslangan edi (ulardan ba'zilari Kempbell o'zining ilk karerasida yakunlagan). Arvohlar bilishadi (2011), muallifning so'nggi kunlarda g'ayritabiiy bo'lmagan ekskursiyalaridan biri (hech bo'lmaganda, sirtda), bedarak yo'qolgan odam haqidagi voqea kontekstida sahna vositalari / ruhshunoslarning mendakligini o'rganadi; shuningdek, Kempbell ishidagi keyingi rivojlanish, ijtimoiy komediya va kundalik muloqotga xos chalkashliklarni namoyish etadi. Mehribon xalq (2012) - bu zamonaviy davrda aytilgan peri xalqining nozik yozma ravishda uyg'otishi.

2013 yilda, Yuzlar uchun teshiklar, 2000-yillarda yaratgan asarlarini birlashtirgan yana qisqa badiiy adabiyotlar to'plami paydo bo'ldi. Xuddi shu davrda PS Publishing Kempbellning ikkita romanini chiqardi: Glaakining so'nggi vahiysi (2013) va Oldindan (2013). Uchinchi roman 2016 yilda paydo bo'ldi Buyurtma, Dark Regionlar Press-dan. Bular Kempbellning 1990-yillardan beri yozgan birinchi romanlari edi Arvohlar kerak. 2015 yilda chiqarilgan Sunset Beach tomonidan o'n uch kun, Kempbellning Buyuk Britaniyadan tashqarida joylashgan bir nechta romanlaridan biri; yunon orolidagi oilaviy ta'til adabiyotdan tanish g'ayritabiiy belgi bilan muloqotni o'z ichiga oladi. Kempbellning taniqli dahshatli badiiy asarlarga asoslangan o'ynoqi limeriklar to'plami 2016 yilda paydo bo'lgan: Signal va fantazmal limeriklari.

Qidirayotgan o'liklar (2016), roman singari, H P Lovecraft ta'sirida yaratilgan trilogiyaning birinchi romani edi Glaakining so'nggi vahiysi, Kempbellning dastlabki ishidagi mavzularni qayta ko'rib chiqadi. Muallif tomonidan "Brichester mifos trilogiyasi" deb ta'riflangan uch kitob, shu jumladan Zulmatda tug'ilgan (2017) va Qurt yo'li (2018), uchta davrda (1950, 1980, 2010 yillar) xarakterning yomon tashkilot bilan aloqalarini hujjatlashtiradi va Daolot nomi bilan kosmik mavjudotni uyg'otadi. Trilogiya muallifni butun faoliyati davomida qiziqtirgan bir nechta mavzularni birlashtiradi: kosmik, oilaviy, jinoyatchilik, bolalarning zaifligi va totalizatorlik e'tiqod tizimlarining jozibadorligi.

Yangi qisqa hikoyalar to'plami, Bosh suyagim nuri bilan, Kempbellning so'nggi ishlarini birlashtirgan 2018 yilda chiqarilgan, ba'zilari esa keyingi fantastikasida bo'lgani kabi - keksa yoshga oid. Brichesterdan tushunchalar (2017) muallifning dastlab nashr etilmagan barcha Lovecraftian qisqa fantastikalarini yig'di Ko'l aholisi. PS Publishing kompaniyasi butun faoliyati davomida Kempbellning eng vakili bo'lgan qisqa badiiy fantastikaga bag'ishlangan ikki jildli retrospektiv chiqaradi, ulardan birinchisi Hamroh va boshqa xayoliy hikoyalar (2019).

2015 yilda Kempbell World Fantasy Award mukofotining Hayot mukofotini oldi, 2017 yilda esa Ispaniyada kareradagi yutuqlari uchun Premio Sheridan Le Fanu bilan taqdirlandi. 2015 yilda muallif "Adabiyotdagi ajoyib xizmatlari" uchun Liverpulning Jon Moores universitetining faxriy stipendiyasini oldi.

2020-yillar: Dono do'st taqdim etish

Kempbellning so'nggi romani, Dono do'st, 2020 yil bahorida, yangi noshir Flame Tree Press tomonidan nashr etilgan (shuningdek, ilgari Kempbell romanlarini qattiq muqovada, qog'ozli qog'ozda, elektron kitobda va audiokitobda qayta nashr etgan). Ushbu roman muallifning eng jimjit asarlari qatorida, ota o'z o'g'lini yashirin tuslar bilan himoya qilmoqchi bo'lganida, u xalq dahshatiga asoslanadi. Yangi roman, Yassi politsiyachining jumboqlari, Borderlands Pressning "Kichik kitoblar" turkumining bir qismi (bu holda, Grins va tortishishning kichik yashil kitobi), 2020 yil mart oyida chiqdi. Bu muallif Jon Dikson Karrga taqlid qilib 14 yoshida yozgan to'liq bo'lmagan qisqa detektiv romanidan iborat bo'lib, kattalar muallifining kompozitsiyani tuzish paytidagi o'zining psixologik holati haqidagi fikrlarini o'rganib chiqadi.

PS Publishing martaba retrospektivasining ikkinchi jildi, Retrospektiv va boshqa hayoliy hikoyalar, will be published later in 2020. Another Campbell career retrospective (with a different selection of tales) appeared in 2020 from Centipede Press as part of their Masters of the Weird Tale series, also issued in two volumes. The author has recently completed a new novel called Somebody's Voice (publication forthcoming) and is currently working on his next, Fellstones.

Uslub va mavzular

Campbell's style is characterised by an idiosyncratic use of language. His fictional worlds feel unusual, threatening, and dislocated. Such an approach has prompted Piter Straub to write: "Horrors in his fiction are never merely invented, they are felt and experienced, and affect the reader for days afterward."[iqtibos kerak ] The horrors Campbell evokes are commonly suggested to the reader by ambiguous allusions to events his characters are not always mindful of. In this regard, his approach is similar to that of M. R. Jeyms. Indeed, Campbell celebrates James's concentrated prose, choice of detail, and ability to hint at disquieting material much larger than what is explicitly revealed. Campbell has described much of his own later work as "comedies of paranoia"[32], as his characters experience an existential bewilderment that borders on the absurd.

Campbell himself has cited the following themes as recurrent in his work: "the vulnerability of children, the willingness of people to espouse a belief system that denies them the right to question, and the growing tendency to create scapegoats for the ills of the world."[33] However, his work has addressed a wide range of issues, including censorship (e.g., The One Safe Place, 1995), the impact of the internet on modern consciousness (e.g., Zulmatning kulgisi, 2007; The Seven Days of Cain, 2010; Think Yourself Lucky, 2014), corporation-led consumerism (the recurrence of a global organisation called Frugo in his later work, especially Bir kecha, 2004 va Thieving Fear, 2008), fatherhood (The House on Nazareth Hill, 1996), and older age (Thirteen Days by Sunset Beach, 2015). Abnormal human psychology is also a major recurring theme in Campbell's work (e.g., The Face That Must Die, 1979; The Count of Eleven, 1991; The Last Voice They Hear, 1998; Secret Stories, 2005).

Xizmatlar

Four tribute anthologies of stories inspired by Campbell's work have been released to date. The first was the 1995 anthology Made in Goatswood (Chaosium, edited by Scott David Aniolowski), which includes a story by Campbell himself. Yaqinda, The Children of Gla'aki (2016, Dark Regions Press, edited by Brian M. Sammons and Glynn Owen Barrass) consists of stories focused on one of Campbell's Lovecraftian creations, and Darker Companions (2017, PS Publishing, edited by Joe Pulver and Scott David Aniolowski) contains tales inspired by the author's vision and prose. In Spain, a further tribute anthology recently appeared entitled El Horror Que Vino del Sur: Un Tributo Latino a Ramsey Campbell Y Al Circulo de Lovecraft (2018, Bookbaby). All four books demonstrate Campbell's influence in the field on both established and newer writers.

In 2012, Campbell's centrality in the field attracted a spoof collection of horror stories edited by fellow writer Riz Xyuz. Hughes contributed a good deal of the fictional content, including the pieces focused on an author called Lamblake Heinz, clearly a parody of Campbell (although Hughes has admitted elsewhere that he has read little if any of Campbell's work).

Filmlar

Three of Campbell's novels have been filmed to date, all in Spain. Xaume Balaguero "s Ismsizlar (ichida.) Ispaniya Los Sin Nombre; yilda Kataloniya Els sense nom), based on the novel of the same name, takes some liberties with the source material's plot but captures its pungent atmosphere. Paco Plaza "s Ikkinchi ism (El Segundo Nombre in Spanish) based on the novel The Pact of the Fathers, similarly evokes Campbell's paranoiac fictional world, its story rooted in the world of arcane religious practices. Denis Rovira van Boekholt's Ta'sir (La Influencia in Spanish), based on the Campbell novel of the same name and quite faithful (except for changes in the final third), was released in 2019 and was later picked up by Netflix to stream. It was recently announced that a TV series based on Ismsizlar is in development under the stewardship of Xaume Balaguero and Pau Freixas.[34]

Kitoblar tahrirlangan

Campbell has edited a number of antologiyalar, shu jumladan New Tales of the Cthulhu Mythos (1980); Yangi dahshatlar va New Terrors II, a groundbreaking two-volume anthology series; va (bilan Stiven Jons ) the first five volumes of the annual Best New Horror series (1990–1994). His 1992 anthology Uncanny Banquet was notable for including the first ever reprint of the obscure 1914 horror novel The Hole of the Pit tomonidan Adrian Ross. The Gruesome Book was a paperback anthology of horror tales for children. Campbell is extremely well-read in the horror field, and some of his own literary influences are demonstrated by his selections for the 1988 anthology Fine Frights: Stories That Scared Me. In 2002 he edited a collection of fiction in the tradition of M. R. James, entitled Meddling with Ghosts. His 2003 anthology Gathering the Bones (co-edited with Dennis Etchison and Jack Dann) draws together tales from the UK, US, and Australia. The Folio Book of Horror Stories (2018), the first collection Campbell had edited in 15 years, draws together classic tales from the last 200 years.

Shaxsiy hayot

Campbell married Jenny Chandler, daughter of A. Bertram Chandler, on 1 January 1971. He commonly describes his wife as the "best part" of himself. At various stages of his career—for instance, when he first decided to write on a full-time basis—he received support from Jenny, who worked as a teacher. They have two children, Tamsin (born 1978) and Matthew (born 1981). Campbell is a life-long resident of Merseyside.[35] He is fond of fine dining, travel, and classical music. He is very active as a public speaker and greatly enjoys giving readings of his fiction at literary events. Campbell is eloquent and jolly (a persona he self-effacingly describes as a "facade"), and he has claimed that if he hadn't become a horror writer, he might have been a stand-up comedian.

In response to an interview question about religion, Campbell has stated, "As I got older I’m more Agnostik [...] [a] little religious perspective is no bad thing; I have no set belief." He added, "I don’t think there is any supernatural force out there to make you do stuff." [36] When asked whether he believes in the supernatural he claims to have experienced episodes that might be described as involving such activity; however, he remains noncommittal on this issue, stating that he writes about such material because he finds it "imaginatively appealing" and to "repay" the genre for many treasured reading experiences. Campbell is fiercely opposed to censorship, claiming that the suppression of contentious material can result in it returning in an even worse form.[37] He has been very generous in support of newer writers, frequently writing introductions to their work.

For many years Campbell was the President of the British Fantasy Society.

Bibliografiya

Romanlar

  • Onasini azoblagan qo'g'irchoq (1976; revised text, 1985)
  • The Face That Must Die (expurgated version 1979; restored text: 1983)
  • Parazit (1980; published in the US with a different ending as O'liklarni uyg'otish uchun)
  • Ismsizlar (1981; filmed in 1999 as Ismsizlar )
  • Tirnoq (1983; also known as Night of the Claw; written as Jay Ramsay)
  • Inkarnated (1983)
  • Ta'qib qilish (1985; written under the working title For the Rest of Their Lives)
  • Och oy (1986; written under the working title Blind Dark)
  • Ta'sir (1988; filmed in 2019 as La Influencia)
  • Ancient Images (1989)
  • Yarim tunda quyosh (1990)
  • The Count of Eleven (1991)
  • Uzoq yo'qolgan (1993)
  • The One Safe Place (1995)
  • The House on Nazareth Hill (1996; also known as Nazareth Hill)
  • The Last Voice They Hear (1998)
  • Jim bolalar (2000)
  • Pact of the Fathers (2001; filmed in 2002 as Ikkinchi ism )
  • The Darkest Part of the Woods (2003)
  • Bir kecha (2004)
  • Secret Stories (2005; abridged US edition, Yashirin hikoya, 2006)
  • Zulmatning kulgisi (2007)
  • Thieving Fear (2008)
  • Creatures of the Pool (2009)
  • The Seven Days of Cain (2010)
  • Ghosts Know (2011)
  • The Kind Folk (2012)
  • Think Yourself Lucky (2014)[38]
  • Thirteen Days by Sunset Beach (2015)
  • The Searching Dead (2016)
  • Born to the Dark (2017)
  • The Way of the Worm (2018)
  • The Wise Friend (2020)
  • Somebody's Voice (2021)

Yangiliklar

  • Frankenshteynning kelini (1977; of the 1935 yilgi film, written as Carl Dreadstone)
  • Drakulaning qizi (1977; of the 1936 yil filmi, written as Carl Dreadstone)
  • Bo'ri odam (1977; of the 1941 yilgi film, written as Carl Dreadstone)
  • Sulaymon Keyn (2010; of the 2009 film)

Romanlar

  • Meduza (1973; published standalone; later collected in Strange Things and Stranger Places)
  • Needing Ghosts (1990; published standalone; later collected in Strange Things and Stranger Places)
  • The Last Revelation of Gla'aki (2013)
  • The Pretence (2013)
  • The Booking (2016)
  • The Enigma of the Flat Policeman (A Little Green Book of Grins & Gravity) (2020)

To'plamlar

Badiiy adabiyot

  • Ramsey Campbell, Probably: 30 Years of Essays and Articles, ed. S. T. Joshi (2002; expanded, extensively revised reprint as "Ramsey Campbell, Probably: 40 Years of Essays, 2014). Introduction by Duglas E. Qish.
  • Letters to Arkham: The Letters of Ramsey Campbell and August Derleth, 1961-1971, tahrir. S. T. Joshi (2014)
  • Ramsey's Rambles Electric Dreamhouse (2021)
  • Ramsey Campbell, Certainly, tahrir. S. T. Joshi (2021)

Muharrir sifatida

  • Superhorror (shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan The Far Reaches of Fear) (1976)
  • Yangi dahshatlar (published in US as two separate volumes, New Terrors 1 va New Terrors 2) (1980)
  • New Tales of the Cthulhu Mythos (1980)
  • The Gruesome Book (1983)
  • Fine Frights: Stories That Scared Me (1988)
  • Best New Horror (with Stephen Jones) (1990)
  • Best New Horror 2 (with Stephen Jones) (1991)
  • Best New Horror 3 (with Stephen Jones) (1992)
  • Uncanny Banquet (1992)
  • Best New Horror 4 (with Stephen Jones) (1993)
  • Deathport (1993)
  • Best New Horror 5 (with Stephen Jones) (1994)
  • Meddling With Ghosts: Stories in the Tradition of M.R. James (2002)
  • Gathering the Bones (bilan Jek Dann va Dennis Etchison ) (2003)
  • The Folio Book of Horror Stories (2018)

Tanqidiy tadqiqotlar

  • Allart, Patrice (2017). Psychose à Arkham—Les Itinéraires de Robert Bloch et Ramsey Campbell. L’Œil du Sphinx.
  • Ashley, Michael (1980). Fantasy Reader's Guide to Ramsey Campbell. Borgo Press.
  • Campbell, Ramsey; Dziemanowicz, Stefan; va Joshi, S. T. (1995). The Core of Ramsey Campbell: A Bibliography & Reader's Guide. Necronomicon Press.
  • Cooke, Jon B., ed. (1991). Tekeli-li! Journal of Terror 3 (special Ramsey Campbell number).
  • Crawford, Gary William (1985). "Urban Gothic: The Fiction of Ramsey Campbell", in Darrell Shvaytser, ed., Discovering Modern Horror Fiction. Starmont House. Pp. 13–20.
  • ——— (1988). Ramsey Kempbell, Starmont House.
  • ———, tahrir. (2014). Ramsey Campbell: Critical Essays on the Modern Master of Horror. Studies in Supernatural Literature). Qo'rqinchli matbuot.
  • Fry, Gary (2015). "A New Place to Hyde: Self and Society in Ramsey Campbell’s Think Yourself Lucky", in s j bagley and Simon Strantzas, eds., Thinking Horror Volume 1. TKHR, pp. 25-35.
  • Joshi, S. T. (2001). Zamonaviy g'alati ertak. McFarland & Co.
  • ——— (2009). Classics and Contemporaries: Some Notes on Horror Fiction. Hippokampus matbuoti.
  • ——— (2001). Ramsey Campbell and Modern Horror Fiction. Liverpul universiteti matbuoti.
  • ———, tahrir. (1994). O'ttiz soni. Necronomicon Press.
  • Menegaldo, Giles (1996). "Gothic Convention and Modernity in John Ramsay [sic] Campbell's Short Fiction", in Victor Sage and Allan Lloyd Smith, eds. Modern Gothic: A Reader. Manchester universiteti matbuoti. Pp. 189-97.

Selected literary awards

  • 1978 "The Chimney", World Fantasy mukofoti, Best Short Story[39]
  • 1978 "In The Bag", British Fantasy mukofoti, Best Short Story
  • 1980 Parazit, British Fantasy Award, Best Novel
  • 1980 "Mackintosh Willy", World Fantasy Award, Best Short Story [39]
  • 1981 O'liklarni uyg'otish uchun (later, the Parasite), British Fantasy Award, Best Novel[40]
  • 1985 Inkarnated, British Fantasy Award, Best Novel[41]
  • 1988 Och oy, British Fantasy Award, Best Novel[42]
  • 1989 Ta'sir, British Fantasy Award, Best Novel,[43] and Premios Gigamesh, 1994 (for Spanish translation, Ultratumba)
  • 1989 Ancient Images, Children of the Night Award, Eng yaxshi roman[44]
  • 1991 Yarim tunda quyosh, British Fantasy Award, Best Novel[45]
  • 1991 Best New Horror (co-edited with Stephen Jones), British Fantasy Award and World Fantasy Award, Best Anthology or Collection
  • 1994 Dahshatlar bilan yolg'iz, Stoker Award of the Horror Writers of America, Best Collection; World Fantasy Award, Best Collection[39]
  • 1994 Uzoq yo'qolgan, British Fantasy Award, Best Novel[46]
  • 1994 Liverpul Daily Post & Echo Adabiyot uchun mukofot
  • 1995 Premio alla Carriera a Ramsey Campbell (Prize for the Career of Ramsey Campbell), Fantafestival, Rome
  • 1998 The House on Nazareth Hill, International Horror Guild, Best Novel
  • 1999 Grand Master Award, World Horror Convention, Atlanta, Georgia
  • 1999 Lifetime Achievement Award of the Horror Writers Association
  • 1999 Ghosts and Grisly Things, British Fantasy Award, Best Collection
  • 2002 Ramsey Kempbell, ehtimol, International Horror Guild, Best Non-Fiction, and Stoker Award of the Horror Writers of America, Superior Achievement in Non-Fiction, and British Fantasy Award, Best Collection
  • 2003 Told by the Dead, British Fantasy Award, Best Collection
  • 2006 Howie Award of the H P Lovecraft Film Festival for Lifetime Achievement
  • 2007 Living Legend Award of the International Horror Guild
  • 2008 The Grin of the Dark, British Fantasy Society, Best Novel[47]
  • 2015 Honorary Fellowship of John Moores University, Liverpool, for "outstanding services to literature"
  • 2015 Letters to Arkham, British Fantasy Award, Best Non-Fiction
  • 2015 World Fantasy Award, Life Award
  • 2016 The Searching Dead, Children of the Night Award for Best Novel
  • 2017 Premio Sheridan Le Fanu for Campbell’s career (given in Madrid)

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Klein, T. E. D. "Ramsey Campbell: An Appreciation", quoted in Ramsey Campbell and Modern Horror Fiction (Liverpool University Press, 2001) by S. T. Joshi
  2. ^ Robert Hadji, "[John] Ramsey Campbell" in Jack Sullivan (ed), Dahshat va g'ayritabiiy Penguen Entsiklopediyasi (NY and Harmondsworth UK: Penguin, 1986), p. 67
  3. ^ Joshi, S. T. "S. T. Joshi Interview". The Temple of Dagon. Olingan 19 sentyabr 2007.
  4. ^ S.T. Joshi, "[John] Ramsey Campbell" in Joshi and Stefan Dziemianowicz (eds). Supernatural Literature of the World, Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 2005, p. 203
  5. ^ Campbell, Ramsey. "At the Back of My Mind: A Guided Tour", introduction to The Face That Must Die (1990), pp.vii-xxv, and Afterword (pp.236-238). ISBN  0-7088-4394-8
  6. ^ a b "Mark Langshaw, "Interview with Ramsey Campbell", Asab onlayn ". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 3 martda.
  7. ^ Ramsey Campbell, "It Came from the Past", Ghostly Tales: Crypt of Cthulhu 6, No 8, whole number 50, Michaelmas 1987, edited by Robert M. Narx ), p. 3
  8. ^ Stefan R. Dziemanowicz. "An Interview with Ramsey Campbell" in S.T. Joshi, ed. The Count of Thirty: A Tribute to Ramsey Campbell, West Warwick, RI: Necronomicon Press, 1993, p. 15
  9. ^ Stefan R. Dziemanowicz, "The Ramsey Campbell Interview", Tekeli-li! Journal of Terror No 3 (Fall 1991), p. 19-20.
  10. ^ Ramsey Campbell. Alone With the Horrors Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1993, p. ix
  11. ^ Campbell, Ramsey. "Chasing the Unknown", introduction to Cold Print (1993), pp.11-13. ISBN  0-8125-1660-5
  12. ^ Joshi, S. T., Classics and Contemporaries, Hippocampus Press 2009, p.131.
  13. ^ Campbell, Ramsey. Lovecraft in Retrospect, Soya 8 (1969).
  14. ^ Chasing the Unknown, s.16.
  15. ^ Campbell, Ramsey. Lovecraft: An Introduction, Cold Print (1993), p. 1.
  16. ^ Chasing the Unknown, p. 9.
  17. ^ Joshi, S. T. Zamonaviy g'alati ertak (2001), p. 166.
  18. ^ Joshi, S. T. Ramsey Campbell and Modern Horror Fiction (2001), p.56
  19. ^ a b ""Truth or Consequences" in Ramsey Campbell, Inconsequential Tales, NY: Hippocampus Press, 2008, 11.
  20. ^ ""Truth or Consequences" in Ramsey Campbell, Inconsequential Tales NY: Hippocampus Press, 2008, 13.
  21. ^ Campbell, Ramsey. Kirish Strange Things and Stranger Places (1993), quoted in S. T. Joshi, Ramsey Campbell and Modern Horror Fiction (2001), p.150.
  22. ^ "BBC - Liverpool - Films - BBC Radio Merseyside - Ramsey reviews". www.bbc.co.uk.
  23. ^ Joshi, S. T., Ramsey Campbell and Modern Horror Fiction (2001), p.145-147.
  24. ^ Ian Covell "Ian Covell on ‘Carl Dreadstone’", Souvenirs Of Terror fiendish film & TV show tie-ins, 3 October 2007, accessed 11 July 2011.
  25. ^ Ning shaxsiy to'plami Ley Blekmor
  26. ^ Ramsey Campbell, Alone With the Horrors Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 1993, p. x
  27. ^ King, Stiven (1981). Danse Macabre. London: Futura. 396-7 betlar. ISBN  978-0708821817.
  28. ^ King, Stiven (1981). Danse Macabre. London: Futura. p. 398. ISBN  978-0708821817.
  29. ^ Campbell, Ramsey (1992). Tirnoq. London: Warner Books. 369-380 betlar. ISBN  978-0708852583.
  30. ^ Klaehn, Jeffrey (Spring 2016). "Reaching for the awesome and numinous: an interview with horror author Ramsey Campbell". New Writing: The International Journal for the Practice and Theory of Creative Writing. 13 (2): 308–314. doi:10.1080/14790726.2016.1167921. S2CID  163253602.
  31. ^ Campbell, Ramsey, interviewed in O'ttiz soni (1994).
  32. ^ Campbell, Ramsey (9 September 2011). "Why I Write...Ramsey Campbell". Publishers Weekly. Olingan 18 oktyabr 2019.
  33. ^ Walker, Luke. "Meet Ramsey Campbell, 'Britain's Most Respected Living Horror Writer'". Lounge Books. Olingan 18 oktyabr 2019.
  34. ^ Hopewell, John (30 March 2020). "Filmax, Jaume Balagueró, Pau Freixas Team for 'The Nameless' Series". TURLI. Olingan 3 may 2020.
  35. ^ Bowman, Jamie (19 May 2015). "Kliv Barker qaytib kelayotganda bu erda mersisaydlik yana sakkizta fantastika, fantaziya va dahshat mualliflari dunyo bo'ylab o'quvchilarni hayajonga soldi". Liverpoolecho.
  36. ^ Neil Buchanan, "An Interview With Ramsey Campbell". Starburst, June 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  37. ^ Campbell, Ramsey (March 2009). "Ramsey's Rant: Censorship". British Fantasy Society.
  38. ^ "UK genre publisher of SF, Horror & Fantasy fiction". www.pspublishing.co.uk.
  39. ^ a b v Jahon hayoliy konvensiyasi. "Mukofot egalari va nomzodlari". Olingan 4 fevral 2011.
  40. ^ "1981 yil g'oliblari va nomzodlari". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.
  41. ^ "1985 yil mukofot egalari va nomzodlari". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.
  42. ^ "1988 Award Winners & Nominees". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.
  43. ^ "1989 yil mukofot egalari va nomzodlari". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.
  44. ^ "Tungi bolalar" mukofoti. Drakula jamiyati. Olingan 2 dekabr 2015.
  45. ^ "1991 yil g'oliblari va nomzodlari". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.
  46. ^ "1994 yil mukofot egalari va nomzodlari". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.
  47. ^ "2008 yilgi mukofotlar g'oliblari va nomzodlari". Cheksiz dunyolar. Olingan 26 iyun 2009.

Tashqi havolalar

Intervyular