Kedberi - Cadbury

Ushbu maqola qandolat ishlab chiqaradigan kompaniya haqida. Boshqa maqsadlar uchun qarang Cadbury (ajralish).

Kedberi
Filial
SanoatQandolat mahsulotlari
Tashkil etilgan1824 (196 yil oldin) (1824) yilda Birmingem, Uorvikshir, Angliya
Ta'sischiJon Kedberi
Bosh ofisUxbridge, London, Angliya
Asosiy odamlar
Irene Rozenfeld, (Rais)
Dirk Van de Put, (BOSH IJROCHI DIREKTOR)
MahsulotlarQarang Cadbury mahsulotlarining ro'yxati
Xodimlar soni
71,657 (2008)[1]
Ota-onaMondelez xalqaro

Kedberi, avval Cadbury's va Cadbury Schweppes, ingliz ko'p millatli qandolat mahsulotlari to'liq egalik qiladigan kompaniya Mondelez xalqaro (dastlab Kraft oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari 2010 yildan beri. Bu dunyodagi ikkinchi yirik qandolat brendidir Mars.[2] Cadbury xalqaro miqyosda bosh qarorgohi joylashgan Uxbridge, Londonning g'arbiy qismida va dunyoning 50 dan ortiq mamlakatlarida ishlaydi. Bu uning uchun ma'lum Sut suti shokolad, Krem tuxum va Atirgullar tanlov qutisi va boshqa ko'plab qandolat mahsulotlari. 2013 yilda Britaniyaning eng taniqli brendlaridan biri Daily Telegraph Britaniyaning eng muvaffaqiyatli eksportlari qatoriga Kadberini kiritdi.[3]

Cadbury yilda tashkil etilgan Birmingem, 1824 yilda Angliya, tomonidan Jon Kedberi, a Quaker choy, kofe va shokolad ichganlarni sotganlar. Cadbury akasini Benjamin, keyin o'g'illari Richard va Jorj. Jorj Bornvil kompaniya, ishchilarga yashash sharoitlarini yaxshilash uchun mo'ljallangan namunaviy qishloq. 1905 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan Dairy Milk shokolad raqobatdosh mahsulotlarga qaraganda retsept bo'yicha sutning yuqori qismini ishlatgan. 1914 yilga kelib shokolad kompaniyaning eng ko'p sotilgan mahsuloti bo'ldi. Cadbury, yonida Rowntree's va Frayning, 19 va 20-asrlarning ko'p davrida Buyuk Britaniyaning qandolat mahsulotlari ishlab chiqaruvchi uchta yirik korxonasi bo'lgan.[4]

Cadbury birinchi mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi Qirollik kafolati dan Qirolicha Viktoriya 1854 yilda. Qirollik kafolatining egasi bo'lgan Yelizaveta II 1955 yildan beri.[5] Cadbury 1919 yilda J. S. Fry & Sons bilan birlashdi va Shveppes 1969 yilda, Cadbury Schweppes nomi bilan tanilgan 2008 yilgacha, Amerikadagi ichimliklar biznesi ikkiga bo'lingan paytgacha Doktor Pepper Snapple Group; Schweppes brendining huquqlariga egalik qilish 2006 yildan beri turli mamlakatlar o'rtasida allaqachon farq qilib kelgan. Cadbury FTSE 100 ustida London fond birjasi indeksning 1984 yil boshlanishidan kompaniyani sotib olguniga qadar Kraft oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari 2010 yilda.[6][7]

Tarix

Asosiy maqola: Kadberi tarixi

1800–1900: dastlabki tarix

1885 yil Cadbury's Cakao reklamasi

1824 yilda, Jon Kedberi, a Quaker, sotishni boshladi choy, kofe va ichish shokolad Bull ko'chasida Birmingem, Angliya.[8][9] 1831 yildan u ko'prik ko'chasidagi fabrikada ishlab chiqarilgan va ishlab chiqarish tannarxi yuqori bo'lganligi sababli asosan boylarga sotiladigan turli xil kakao va ichimlik shokoladlarini ishlab chiqarishga o'tdi.[10] 1847 yilda Jon Kedberi akasi Benjamin bilan sherik bo'ldi va kompaniya "aka-uka Cadbury" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi.[10] 1847 yilda Kadberining raqibi Frayning birinchi Bristol ishlab chiqarilgan shokolat bo'lakchasi (bu kabi ommaviy ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lar edi Fry-ning shokoladli kremi 1866 yilda).[11] Cadbury shokolad barining brendini 1849 yilda namoyish qildi va o'sha yili Cadbury va Fry ning shokolad barlari ommaviy savdo yarmarkasida namoyish etildi Bingli zali, Birmingem.[12] Birodarlar Kadberi Londonda o'z vakolatxonasini ochdilar va 1854 yilda ular o'zlarining ofislarini olishdi Qirollik kafolati shokolad va kakao ishlab chiqaruvchilari sifatida Qirolicha Viktoriya.[5] Kompaniya 1850 yillarning oxirlarida tanazzulga yuz tutdi.[10]

1891 reklama

Jon Kadberining o'g'illari Richard va Jorj biznesni 1861 yilda o'z qo'liga oldi.[9] Qabul qilish paytida biznes tez tanazzulga uchragan edi: ishchilar soni 20 kishidan 11 tagacha qisqargan va kompaniya pul yo'qotgan.[9] 1866 yilga kelib Kadberi yana daromad keltirdi.[9] Aka-ukalar e'tiborni choy va qahvadan shokoladga o'tkazib, mahsulotlarining sifatini oshirib, biznesni o'zgartirgan edilar.[9]

Kadberi fabrikasi, Bornvil Angliyaning Birmingem shahrining janubiy tomonida joylashgan

Firmaning birinchi katta yutug'i 1866 yilda Richard va Jorj Britaniyaga yaxshilangan kakao kiritgandan so'ng sodir bo'lgan.[10] Gollandiyada ishlab chiqarilgan yangi kakao pressi ba'zi noxush narsalarni olib tashladi kakao moyi kakao loviyasidan.[10] Firma 1850-yillarda o'z mahsulotlarini eksport qilishni boshladi.[10][13] 1861 yilda kompaniya Fancy Boxes - bezatilgan shokolad qutisini yaratdi va 1868 yilda ular yurak shaklidagi qutilarga sotildi. sevishganlar kuni.[11] To'ldirilgan shokolad qutilari tezda bayram bilan bog'liq bo'ldi.[11]

Birinchi ishlab chiqarish Pasxa tuxumi 1875 yilda Cadbury silliq shakllarga quyilishi mumkin bo'lgan toza kakao moyini ishlab chiqqandan so'ng zamonaviy shokoladli Pasxa tuxumini yaratdi.[14] 1893 yilga kelib, Cadbury-da 19 xil shokoladli Pasxa tuxumi sotuvga chiqarildi.[14]

1878 yilda birodarlar Birmingemdan to'rt mil uzoqlikda qishloqda yangi binolar qurishga qaror qilishdi.[9] Qishloqqa ko'chish biznesda misli ko'rilmagan edi.[9] Ichkariga yuborilgan sut uchun transport vositalaridan foydalanish imkoniyati yaxshilanadi kanal va London, Sautgempton va Liverpul docklaridan temir yo'l bilan olib kelingan kakao hisobga olindi. Ning rivojlanishi bilan Birmingem G'arbiy shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l yo'li bo'ylab Vorester va Birmingem kanali, ular Birmingem chekkasidan 5 mil (8,0 km) janubda 14,5 gektar (5,9 ga) qishloqni o'z ichiga olgan Bornbruk ko'chmas mulkiga ega bo'lishdi. Yonida joylashgan Stirchli ko'chasi temir yo'l stantsiyasi o'zi kanalning qarshisida bo'lgan, ular mulk nomini o'zgartirdilar Bornvil va keyingi yili Bornvil fabrikasini ochdi.

1893 yilda Jorj Kedberi asarlarga yaqin 120 gektar (49 ga) er sotib oldi va o'z mablag'lari evaziga namunaviy qishloq bu "zamonaviy yanada qiyin yashash sharoitlari yomonliklarini engillashtiradi". 1900 yilga kelib, bu mulk 330 gektar (130 ga) erga o'rnatilgan 314 ta kottej va uylarni o'z ichiga olgan. Cadbury oilasi qanday bo'lgan bo'lsa Quakers yo'q edi pablar ko'chmas mulkda.[9]

1897 yilda Shveytsariya kompaniyalari rahbarligidan kelib chiqib, Cadbury o'z liniyasini taqdim etdi sutli shokolad panjaralar.[15] 1899 yilda Cadbury a xususiy cheklangan kompaniya.[15]

1900–1969

Bornvildagi qadoqlash xonasi, taxminan 1903 yil
Cadbury's shokolad barlari (Sut suti Taxminan 1910 yil)

1905 yilda Cadbury o'z faoliyatini boshladi Sut suti bar, bu avvalgi shokolad barlariga qaraganda ko'proq sut nisbati bilan ajralib turadigan sifatli mahsulot ishlab chiqarish.[10] Kichik Jorj Kadberi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, bu birinchi marta Britaniya kompaniyasi sutli shokoladni ommaviy ishlab chiqarishga muvaffaq bo'lgan edi.[15] Boshidanoq, uning o'ziga xos binafsha rangli o'rami bor edi.[15] Bu savdoda katta muvaffaqiyat bo'ldi va 1914 yilga kelib kompaniyaning eng ko'p sotilgan mahsulotiga aylandi.[10] Kuchli Bournville kakao liniyasi 1906 yilda taqdim etilgan.[10] Cadbury Dairy Milk va Bournville Cocoa kompaniyalari urushdan oldin tez kengayishiga asos yaratishi kerak edi.[10] 1910 yilda Kadberi savdosi birinchi marta Fraynikidan oshib ketdi.[15]

Cadbury's Sut uchun laganda birinchi bo'lib 1915 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan va qolgan qismida ishlab chiqarishda davom etgan Birinchi jahon urushi. Kadberining erkak xodimlaridan 2000 dan ortig'i qo'shildi Britaniya qurolli kuchlari va Britaniyaning urush harakatlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Kadberi qo'shinlarga shokolad, kitoblar va kiyim-kechaklar bilan ta'minladi.[16] Jorj Kadberi kasalxonalar sifatida foydalanish uchun kompaniyaga qarashli ikkita bino - "Beeches" va "Fircroft" ni topshirdi va ikkala kasalxona rahbariyati urush idorasining eng yuqori mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[16] "Kadberi farishtalari" deb nom olgan fabrika qizlari kasalxonalarda sog'ayib ketayotgan jarohatlangan askarlarning kirlarini yuvishga ixtiyoriy ravishda kirishdilar.[16] Urushdan keyin Bornvil fabrika qayta ishlab chiqildi va ommaviy ishlab chiqarish jiddiy ravishda boshlandi. 1918 yilda Cadbury o'zining birinchi chet el fabrikasini ochdi Xobart, Tasmaniya.

Cadbury Wharf, Nayton, Staffordshir. U 1911-1961 yillarda Kadberi tomonidan mahalliy yig'ilgan sutni qayta ishlash va "shokolad parchasi" ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatilgan bo'lib, u Bornvildagi Kadberi shahriga etkazilgan.

1919 yilda Kadberi birlashdi J. S. Fry & Sons kabi taniqli brendlarning integratsiyasini keltirib chiqaradigan yana bir etakchi ingliz shokolad ishlab chiqaruvchisi Fry-ning shokoladli kremi va Fryning turkcha lazzati.[10] 1921 yilda Bristol atrofidagi ko'plab kichik Fray fabrikalari yopilib, ishlab chiqarish yangisida birlashtirildi Somerdeyl fabrikasi, Bristol tashqarisida.[15]

Cadbury kompaniyasi mahsulot assortimentini kengaytirdi Yalpiz (1920), Krem tuxumlari (1923), Meva va yong'oq (1928) va Crunchie (1929, dastlab Fry yorlig'i ostida). 1930 yilga kelib, Cadbury kapitalning taxminiy bozor qiymati bilan o'lchanadigan 24-eng yirik ingliz ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi edi.[10] Kedberi 1935 yilda ijro etilmagan Frayni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri boshqarishni o'z qo'liga oldi.[15] Sut suti butun yong'oq 1933 yilda kelgan Atirgullar 1938 yilda kiritilgan.[17] Roses Rojdestvo (va onalar kuni) uchun juda mashhur sovg'aga aylandi.[18]

Shokolad hashamatli mahsulot bo'lishni to'xtatdi va birinchi marta ishchilar sinfiga arzon bo'ldi.[15] 1930-yillarning o'rtalariga kelib, Kadberi Britaniya aholisining 90 foizi shokolad sotib olishga qodir ekanligini taxmin qildi.[19] 1936 yilga kelib sut suti Buyuk Britaniyaning sut shokolad bozorining 60 foizini tashkil etdi.[15]

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida Bornvil fabrika ishlab chiqarish bilan urush ishlariga topshirildi frezalash dastgohlari va o'rindiqlar qiruvchi samolyotlar. Ishchilar ekin ekish uchun futbol maydonlarini haydashdi. Shokolad muhim oziq-ovqat sifatida qabul qilinganligi sababli, u butun urush davomida hukumat nazorati ostida bo'lgan. Urush paytidagi shokoladning me'yori 1950 yilda tugagan va normal ishlab chiqarish qayta tiklangan. Keyinchalik Cadbury yangi fabrikalarga sarmoya kiritdi va ularning mahsulotlariga talab ortib bordi.[20] 1952 yilda Moreton fabrika qurildi.[21]

Kadberi qirolichadan qirollik kafolatiga ega bo'lgan Yelizaveta II 1955 yildan beri.[5] 1967 yilda Cadbury avstraliyalik qandolatchini sotib oldi, MakRobertsonniki, raqib taklifini mag'lub etdi Mars.[22] Qabul qilish natijasida Kadberi Avstraliya bozorida 60 foiz ulushga ega bo'ldi.[22]

Shveppesning birlashishi (1969)

Cadbury Schweppes logotipi 2008 yilda demergerga qadar ishlatilgan

Cadbury ichimliklar kompaniyasi bilan birlashdi Shveppes 1969 yilda Cadbury Schweppesni tashkil etish.[23] Shveppes rahbari, Lord Uotkinson, rais bo'ldi va Adrian Kadberi rais o'rinbosari bo'ldi va Boshqaruvchi direktor.[23] Birlashishning afzalliklari aniq emas edi.[24]

Birlashish Kadberining kapitalistik venturer falsafasini menejmentga singdirish orqali Quaker asoschilar oilasi va uning qabul qilingan ijtimoiy axloqi bilan yaqin aloqalariga chek qo'ydi.[25]

1978 yilda kompaniya sotib oldi Piter Pol, 58 million dollarlik shokolad ishlab chiqaruvchi AQShda uchinchi o'rinni egalladi, bu unga dunyodagi eng katta qandolat bozorining 10 foiz ulushini berdi.[26] Juda muvaffaqiyatli Wispa shokolad bar Angliyaning shimoliy sharqida 1981 yilda, butun mamlakat bo'ylab 1984 yilda ishlab chiqarilgan.[27] 1982 yilda savdo foydasi Britaniyadan tashqarida birinchi marta Buyuk Britaniyaga qaraganda ko'proq bo'ldi.[24]

1986 yilda Cadbury Schweppes ichimliklar va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini sotish bo'limini a boshqaruvni sotib olish sifatida tanilgan Premer-brendlar 97 million funt evaziga.[28] Bu kompaniyani shu kabi brendlardan voz kechishini ko'rdi Tayfun choyi, Kenco, Smash va Xartli Chivers murabbo.[28] Bundan tashqari, Premier Cadbury markali pechene ishlab chiqarish va shokolad ichish uchun litsenziyani oldi.[28]

Shu bilan birga, Shveppes Buyuk Britaniyadagi ittifoqini Pepsi-dan Coca-Cola-ga o'zgartirdi va Coca-Cola Schweppes qo'shma korxonasining 51 foiz ulushini oldi.[28] Sotib olish Kanada quruq dunyo bo'ylab ichimliklar bozoridagi ulushini ikki baravarga oshirdi va 30 foiz ulushga ega bo'ldi Doktor Pepper.[28] Ushbu xaridlar natijasida Cadbury Schweppes alkogolsiz ichimliklar ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha dunyoda uchinchi o'rinni egalladi.[28] 1988 yil avgustda kompaniya AQShdagi qandolat mahsulotlarini sotdi Xersining 284,5 million dollar naqd plyus va 30 million dollar qarzni o'z zimmasiga olganligi uchun.[29]

1999 yilda Cadbury Schweppes butun dunyo bo'ylab ichimliklar sotadigan korxonalarini sotdi Coca-Cola kompaniyasi Shimoliy Amerika va Evropa qit'asidan tashqari 700 million dollarga.[30]

Snapple, Mistic va Styuart (ilgari Teleferik ichimliklar) tomonidan sotilgan Triarc Cadbury Schweppes-ga 2000 yilda 1,45 mlrd.[31] O'sha yilning oktyabr oyida Cadbury Schweppes sotib oldi Qirollik toji Triarcdan.[32] 2003 yilda Cadbury Schweppes AQShdagi Pfizer Inc kompaniyasining saqich ishlab chiqaradigan Adams kompaniyasini 4,2 milliard dollarga sotib oldi va bu Cadbury-ni dunyodagi eng yirik qandolat kompaniyasiga aylantirdi.[33] 2005 yilda Cadbury Schweppes sotib oldi Yashil va qora 20 million funt evaziga.[34]

Schweppes demerger

2007 yil mart oyida Cadbury Schweppes o'z biznesini ikkita alohida tashkilotga ajratishni rejalashtirayotgani ma'lum bo'ldi: biri asosiy shokolad va qandolatchilik bozoriga qaratilgan; boshqasi AQShdagi ichimliklar biznesida.[35] Demerger 2008 yil 2-maydan kuchga kirdi va ichimliklar bilan shug'ullanadigan biznes rivojlandi Doktor Pepper Snapple Group va Cadbury Schweppes plc Cadbury plc ga aylanmoqda.[36] 2008 yil dekabr oyida Cadbury o'zining Avstraliyadagi ichimliklar birligini sotishi kerakligi e'lon qilindi Asahi pivo zavodlari.[37]

2007–2010

Cadbury's Somerdeyl fabrikasi Angliyaning janubi-g'arbiy qismida, Bristol yaqinidagi Keynshamda joylashgan (1921-2010)
Somberdeyldagi Kedberining belgisi

2007 yil oktyabr oyida Cadbury kompaniyasi yopilishini e'lon qildi Somerdeyl fabrikasi, yilda Keynsham, Somerset, ilgari Frining tarkibiga kirgan. Ushbu o'zgarish 500 dan 700 gacha ish joylariga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Ishlab chiqarish Angliya va Polshadagi boshqa zavodlarga o'tkazildi.[38]

2008 yilda Monkhill Confectionery, Cadbury Trebor Bassettning o'z yorlig'i savdo bo'limi sotildi Mandarin qandolati naqd 58 million funt evaziga. Ushbu savdoga Pontefract, Cleckheaton va Yorkdagi fabrikalar va Chesterfild yaqinidagi tarqatish markazi va 800 ga yaqin xodimning o'tkazilishi kiradi.[39]

2009 yil o'rtalarida Cadbury Buyuk Britaniyada bo'lmagan shokolad mahsulotidagi kakao moyining bir qismini almashtirdi palma yog'i. Bu iste'molchilarning ta'mi va tuzilishini yaxshilashga bo'lgan talabiga javob ekanligiga qaramay, Yangi Zelandiya yorliqlarida "yangi yaxshilangan retsept" da'vosi yo'q edi. Iste'molchilarning reaksiyasi Avstraliyada ham, Yangi Zelandiyada ham ekologlar va shokoladni sevuvchilar tomonidan juda ahamiyatli bo'lib, xaridorlar arzonroq formuladan olingan ta'mga va xurmo yog'idan foydalanishga qarshi bo'lib, tropik o'rmonlarning yo'q qilinishidagi rolini hisobga oldilar. 2009 yil avgustga kelib, kompaniya Yangi Zelandiya va Avstraliyada kakao moyidan foydalanishga qaytganligini e'lon qildi, ammo palma yog'i hanuzgacha Kadberining xushbo'y shakar siropiga asoslangan plombalarning tarkibiy qismi sifatida qayd etilgan (u erda "o'simlik moyi" deb nomlangan) .[40] Bundan tashqari, Kedberi ular orqali kakao loviyalarini etkazib berishlarini aytdi O'zaro foydali savdo-sotiq kanallar.[41] 2010 yil yanvar oyida istiqbolli xaridor Kraft Cadbury-ning majburiyatini bajarishga va'da berdi.[42]

Sotib olish va yordamchi kompaniya (2009-)

2009 yil 7 sentyabrda, Kraft oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari Cadbury uchun 10,2 milliard funt sterling (16,2 milliard AQSh dollari) miqdoridagi mablag'ni sotib olishga taklif qildi. Taklif rad etildi, Kadberi kompaniyani past baholaganini aytdi.[43] Kraft Cadbury uchun rasmiy, dushmanlik taklifini boshladi va 2009 yil 9-noyabrda firmani 9,8 milliard funtga baholadi.[44] Buyuk Britaniya Biznes kotibi Piter Mandelson Kraftni Kadberini sotib olishdan "tez pul ishlashga" urinmaslik haqida ogohlantirdi.[45]

2010 yil 19-yanvarda Cadbury va Kraft Foods kelishuvga erishganligi va Kraft Cadbury-ni har bir aktsiyani 8,40 funtga sotib olib, Cadbury-ni 11,5 mlrd funtga (18,9 mlrd AQSh dollari) baholaganligi e'lon qilindi. Kelishuvda "global qandolat mahsulotlari yetakchisi" paydo bo'lishi haqida bayonot bergan Kraft, egallab olishni moliyalashtirish uchun 7 milliard funt (11,5 milliard AQSh dollari) qarz olishga majbur bo'ldi.[46]

Hershey kompaniyasi, asoslangan Pensilvaniya, Qo'shma Shtatlarda Cadbury markali shokoladni ishlab chiqaradi va tarqatadi (lekin uning boshqa qandolat mahsulotlari emas) va Kadberining "axloqi" bilan bo'lishishi haqida xabar berilgan.[47] Xersi Cadbury-ni sotib olishga qiziqish bildirgan edi, chunki u tez o'sib borayotgan xalqaro bozorlarga kirish imkoniyatini kengaytiradi.[48] Ammo 2010 yil 22 yanvarda Xersi Kraftning so'nggi taklifiga qarshi chiqmasligini e'lon qildi.[49][50][51]

Cadbury-ni sotib olish Britaniya jamoatchiligi, shuningdek, kasaba uyushmalari, shu jumladan guruhlar va tashkilotlarning keng noroziligiga duch keldi Birlashtir,[52] Bosh vazirga ko'ra kompaniyani sotib olishga qarshi kurashgan Gordon Braun, uchun juda muhim edi Britaniya iqtisodiyoti.[53] Unite, Kraftni egallab olishi 30 ming ish joyini "xavf ostiga qo'yishi" mumkinligini taxmin qildi,[47][54][55] va Buyuk Britaniya aktsiyadorlari banklar tomonidan olinadigan maslahat to'lovlari birlashishi va qo'shilishidan norozilik bildirishdi. Cadbury ning M & A maslahatchilari edi UBS, Goldman Sachs va Morgan Stenli.[56][57][58] Munozarali, RBS, 84 foiz Buyuk Britaniya hukumatiga tegishli bank, Kraftni egallashni moliyalashtirdi.[59][60]

Cadbury World Birmingem kutubxonasida ko'rgazma, 2016 yil iyul. Shekspirga hurmat (shahardan 22 mil janubi-sharqda tug'ilgan), Shekspirning globusi teatr (chapda) va qo'lyozma Cadbury shokoladidan tayyorlangan.

2010 yil 2 fevralda Kraft Cadbury aksiyalarining 71 foizidan ortig'ini ta'minladi va shu bilan bitimni yakunladi.[61] Kraftni fond bozoridan chiqarib tashlash va uni Kraft tarkibiga to'liq qo'shib olish uchun Kraft 75 foiz aksiyalarga ega bo'lishi kerak edi. Bunga 5 fevralda erishildi va kompaniya Cadbury aktsiyalari 8 mart kuni ro'yxatdan chiqarilishini e'lon qildi.[62] 3 fevral kuni rais Rojer Karr, Bosh ijrochi Todd Stitser va moliya bo'yicha bosh direktor Endryu Bonfild[63] barchasi iste'foga chiqishini e'lon qildi. Stitser kompaniyada 27 yil ishlagan.[64] 9 fevralda Kraft Somerdale fabrikasini yopishni rejalashtirayotganlarini e'lon qildi, Keynsham, 400 ish joyini yo'qotish bilan.[65] Rahbariyat ishlab chiqarishni Polshaga ko'chirish bo'yicha mavjud rejalar haqiqatan ham bekor qilinishi uchun juda ilgarilab ketganini tushuntirdi, ammo zavodni qo'llab-quvvatlash bo'yicha kafolatlar berilgan edi. Keynsham xodimlari bu harakatni tanqid qilib, o'zlarini xiyonat qilishlarini va "ikki marta ishdan bo'shatilgandek" bo'lishlarini taklif qilishdi.[66] 2010 yil 22 aprelda Fil Rumbol, mashhur Kadberining orqasida turgan odam Gorilla reklama, Kraftni egallab olganidan keyin iyul oyida Cadbury kompaniyasini tark etish rejasini e'lon qildi.[67]

The Evropa komissiyasi Kraft Polshada (Wedel) va Ruminiyada (Kandia) Kadberining qandolatchilik korxonalaridan voz kechishi kerak degan qarorga keldi. 2010 yil iyun oyida Polsha bo'limi Cadbury-Wedelga sotildi Lotte Koreyaning. Bitim doirasida Kraft Cadbury, Hall va boshqa markalarni ikkita o'simlik bilan birga saqlab qoldi Skarbimierz. Lotte zavodni egallab oldi Varshava bilan birga E Wedel tovar belgisi.[68] Kandia qaytib sotildi Meinl oilasi 2003 yildan 2007 yilgacha ushbu brendga egalik qilgan.[69]

2011 yil 4 avgustda Kraft Foods 2012 yil 1 oktyabrdan boshlab ikkita kompaniyaga bo'linishini e'lon qildi. Kraft qandolat biznesi bo'ldi Mondelez xalqaro, ulardan Cadbury sho''ba korxonasiga aylanadi.[70][71]

2014 yil boshida marjlarning pasayishiga javoban Mondelez yollandi Accenture 3 milliard AQSh dollari miqdoridagi xarajatlarni kamaytirish dasturini amalga oshirish, shu jumladan Cadbury va Oreo. 2015 yildan boshlab Mondelez bir qator rivojlangan mamlakatlarda, jumladan Irlandiya, Kanada, AQSh va Yangi Zelandiyada Cadbury fabrikalarini yopishni boshladi va ishlab chiqarishni Xitoy, Hindiston, Braziliya va Meksika kabi "foydali" mamlakatlarga o'tkazishni boshladi. Kabi markazlarda Kadberi fabrikalarining yopilishi Dublin, Monreal, Chikago, Filadelfiya va Dunedin Yangi Zelandiyada mahalliy aholining noroziligi paydo bo'ldi. Ushbu reja bir nechta bozor aktsiyadorlaridan, shu jumladan Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiya banklaridan ma'qullandi Westpac va ASB banki.[72][73][74]

2017 yil yanvar oyida Cadbury kompaniyasi rasmiy gazak sherigi bo'ldi Premer-liga va homiylik qildi Premer-ligada "Oltin butsa" va Premer-liga "Oltin qo'lqop" mukofotlar.[75]

Amaliyotlar

Bosh idora

Cadbury ofisining bloklari Bornvil

Cadbury-ning bosh ofisi Uxbridge Business Park-dagi Cadbury House-da joylashgan Uxbridge, Londonning Xillingdon tumani, Angliya.[76]Kompaniya 84000 kvadrat metrni (7800 m) egallaydi2) biznes parkning 3-binosi ichidagi ijaraga olingan maydon,[77] Mondelezning Buyuk Britaniyadagi bo'linmasi bilan baham ko'radi.[78] Cadbury-ni sotib olgandan so'ng, Kraft kompaniyaning Cadbury House-da qolishini tasdiqladi.[79]

Kadberi Uxbridgega oldingi Berkli maydonidagi 25-uydagi bosh ofisidan ko'chib o'tdi Mayfair, Vestminster shahri iqtisodiy tejash chorasi sifatida 2007 yilda.[80][81] 1992 yilda kompaniya ushbu maydonni 1 kvadrat metr uchun (0,093 m) 55 funt evaziga ijaraga oldi2);[77] 2002 yilga kelib bu kvadrat metr uchun 68,75 funtga etdi.[80]

Ishlab chiqarish joylari

Bornvil

Ta'sischining o'g'li Jorj Kadberi Bornvilni tashkil etdi

Angliyaning Birmingem shahridan to'rt mil janubda, Kadberi zavodi joylashgan Bornvil 1879 yilda kompaniya asoschisi Jon Kadberining o'g'li tomonidan ochilgan Jorj Uning maqsadi Bornvildagi uyning o'ndan bir qismini "parklar, dam olish maskanlari va ochiq maydon sifatida qurish va ishlatish" kerak edi. Keyinchalik u "bog'dagi zavod" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi.[82] Cadbury-ning qora shokoladli bar, Bornvil, namunaviy qishloq nomi bilan atalgan va birinchi marta 1908 yilda sotilgan.[83]

Bornvilda deyarli 1000 kishi ishlaydi.[84] 2014 yilda Mondelez saytga 75 million funt sarmoya kiritganligini e'lon qildi,[84] Kadberi buni "Britaniyaning shokolad sanoatining markazida Bornvilning mavqeini mustahkamlaydi" deb aytgan.[85]

Bornvildda Mondelezning shokolad tadqiqotlari va rivojlantirish bo'yicha global mukammallik markazi joylashgan, shuning uchun Kadberi tomonidan yaratilgan har bir yangi shokolad mahsuloti Birmingem zavodida hayotni boshlaydi.[84]

Bozorlar

Birlashgan Qirollik

Cadbury UK
Tashkil etilgan1824
Bosh ofisBornvil, Birmingem, Angliya

Buyuk Britaniyadagi qandolatchilik biznesi Cadbury (sobiq Cadbury Trebor Bassett) deb nomlanadi va 2004 yil avgust holatiga ko'ra Buyuk Britaniyada sakkizta fabrika va 3000 nafar xodim ishlaydi. Mondelez shuningdek, Cadbury brendi tushirilgan pechene sotadi, masalan Cadbury barmoqlari. Cadbury shuningdek Trebor Bassett, Fry's va Maynardlar.

Cadbury mahsulotlariga asoslangan muzqaymoq, shunga o'xshash 99 Flake, tomonidan litsenziya asosida amalga oshiriladi Frederikning sut mahsulotlari. Cadbury keki va shokolad tarqatish litsenziyaga muvofiq ishlab chiqariladi Premer ovqatlari, ammo tortlar dastlab Cadbury Foods Ltd tarkibiga kirgan, u erda Blekpolda fabrikalari bo'lgan Vester va Moreton ustida Wirral, Buyuk Britaniya bo'ylab tarqatish omborlari bilan.

Buyuk Britaniyadagi boshqa Kraft sho''ba korxonalariga Cadbury Two LLP, Cadbury UK Holdings Limited, Cadbury US Holdings Limited, Cadbury Four LLP, Cadbury Holdings Limited va Cadbury One LLP kiradi.

Irlandiya

Asosiy maqola: Cadbury Irlandiya
Kedberi Pasxa tuxumini ovlash Dublinda

Cadbury Ireland Limited kompaniyasi Koolok yilda Dublin, Cadbury Ireland shtab-kvartirasi joylashgan joyda va Tallaght. Uchinchisi Retmor, Kerri okrugi. Cadbury tomonidan Irlandiyada ishlab chiqarilgan mahsulotlar orasida Cadbury Dairy Milk Range, Cadbury Twirl, Cadbury Cadbury Snacks Range Flake va Boost (sobiq Moro). Cadbury ilgari Evropaning bozori uchun Irlandiyadagi Time Out barini ishlab chiqarardi, ammo bu ishlab chiqarish Polshaga ko'chirildi.[86]

Qo'shma Shtatlar

Cadbury Adams
Tashkil etilgan2002 yil dekabr
Bosh ofisParsippani-Troy Hills, Nyu-Jersi, Qo'shma Shtatlar
MahsulotlarTrident, Serts, Chikletlar, Zallar (yo'talni tushirish)
EgalariMondelez xalqaro
Veb-saytBiz.mondelezinternational.com
Izohlar / ma'lumotnomalar
Cadbury AQSh (shokolad)
Ishlab chiqaruvchiXersi (litsenziat)
MahsulotlarCadbury Creme Egg, Cadbury sut suti, Mini Tuxum
Veb-saytkadburyusa.com

Cadbury Adams ishlab chiqaradi shirinlik, saqich, nafas yalpizlari va yo'tal tomchilari. Uning bosh qarorgohi Parsippani, Nyu-Jersi. Kompaniya o'sha paytdagi Cadbury Schweppes Adams brendini sotib olganidan keyin tashkil topgan Pfizer 2002 yil dekabrida 4,2 mlrd.

Amerikalik chikl 1962 yilda Warner-Lambert tomonidan sotib olingan; Uorner-Lambert 1997 yilda ushbu blokning nomini Adams deb o'zgartirdi va birlashtirildi Pfizer 2000 yilda.

1978 yilda Cadbury bilan birlashdi Piter Pol, ishlab chiqaruvchilar Höyükler va Bodom quvonchi.[87] 1988 yilda, Hershey kompaniyasi AQShning shokolad biznesiga bo'lgan huquqlarini qo'lga kiritdi. Shunga ko'ra, Cadbury guruhining shokolad mahsulotlari 1988 yildan beri AQShda sotilgan bo'lsa-da, mahsulotlar Hershey tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, xaridorlarning shikoyatlariga sabab bo'lib, ular asl nusxalaridan past deb da'vo qilmoqda.[88] 2008 yil may oyidagi demergerdan oldin, Shimoliy Amerika biznesida ichimliklar ham mavjud edi Cadbury Schweppes Americas ichimliklar. 1982 yilda Cadbury Schweppes uni sotib oldi Daffi-Mott Kompaniya.[89]

Cadbury Adams mahsulotlariga quyidagilar kiradi:

Avstraliya

Tasmani, Burni, Cooee shahridagi sutni qayta ishlash zavodi.

Cadbury mahsuloti birinchi marta 1853 yilda Avstraliyaga Kedberi kakao va shokoladining 3 ta holatini sotish uchun e'lon qilinganida olib kelingan. Adelaida.[90] Kedberining 1881 yildagi birinchi chet el buyurtmasi Avstraliya bozori uchun qilingan. 1919 yilda xalqaro miqyosda kengaytirish rejalari doirasida kompaniya Avstraliyada zavod qurishga qaror qildi. 1920 yilda Kleremontda Xazarta shahriga yaqinligi, arzon gidroelektr energiyasining yaxshi manbai va yuqori sifatli yangi sutni mo'l-ko'l etkazib berish sababli Tasmaniya tanlangan. Zavoddan birinchi mahsulotlar 1922 yilda sotilgan.[91] Claremont fabrikasi Bournville-ning namunasi bo'lib, o'zining qishlog'i va sport inshootlariga ega edi.[92][93] Cadbury Avstraliyaning uchta fabrikasini boshqaradi; ikkitasi Melburn, Viktoriya (Ringwood va Scoresby) va bittasi Xobart, Tasmaniya (Klaremont). Cadbury, shuningdek, sutni qayta ishlash zavodini ishlaydi Coee, Tasmaniya. Klaremont zavodi bir paytlar mashhur sayyohlik diqqatga sazovor joyi bo'lgan va har kuni ekskursiyalar o'tkazgan; ammo, zavod sog'liq va xavfsizlik sabablarini aytib 2008 yil o'rtalarida to'liq ekskursiyalarni to'xtatdi.[94] Cadbury 2001 yildan beri Avstraliyaning Tasmaniya shtatidagi Klaremont shahridagi ishlab chiqarish korxonasini yangilaydi.[95]

2009 yil 27 fevralda Avstraliyadagi Cadbury Schweppes kompaniyasining qandolatchilik va ichimliklar korxonalari rasmiy ravishda ajralib chiqdi va ichimliklar biznesi sifatida ish boshladi. Shveppes Avstraliyasi Pty Ltd 2009 yil aprel oyida Schweppes Australia kompaniyasi tomonidan sotib olingan Asahi pivo zavodlari.[96] 2012 yil iyun oyi oxirlarida Cadbury kompaniyasi Marvelus Creations-da uchta shokolad turkumini taqdim etdi: bular uch xil ta'mli - Peanut Toffee Cookie, Jelly Crunchie Bits yoki Jelly Popping Candy Beanies, sutli sutli shokolad bilan qoplangan.[97]

2015 yilda Avstraliyaning Cadbury zavodi joylashgan Xobart, ishchi kuchini 80 taga kamaytirdi[98] va 2017 yilda tashrif buyuruvchilar markazini yopdi.[99] 2017 yil avgust oyida Kadberi Xobartdagi zavodidan 50 nafar ishchi to'kilishini e'lon qildi.[100] Avstraliyada bu borada munozaralar mavjud halol sertifikatlash. Cadbury kompaniyasining ko'plab mahsulotlari halol sertifikatiga ega.[101] Ushbu sertifikat, ayniqsa, "Bir millat" siyosatchisining bahs-munozaralariga sabab bo'ldi Pauline Hanson.[102][103]

Yangi Zelandiya

Dunedindagi sobiq zavod

Cadbury, shuningdek, zavodni boshqargan Dunedin Yangi Zelandiyada Janubiy orol 2018 yil mart oyida yopilguniga qadar. 1930 yilda Kadberi Castle Street-dagi shokolad, qandolat, pechene fabrikasiga egalik qiluvchi mahalliy qandolatchilik ishbilarmon Richard Xadson bilan hamkorlik qildi. Xadsonning fabrikasi Cadbury Hudson nomi bilan o'zgartirildi va keyinchalik Cadbury qandolatchilik nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi.[104][105][106] Keyinchalik Cadbury ikkinchi zavodni tashkil etdi Oklend ichida Shimoliy orol. 2003 yilda Cadbury Dunedin fabrikasida taniqli sayyohlik ob'ektini yaratdi Cadbury World, unda katta shokoladli palapartishlik mavjud edi. 2007 yilda Kadberi Oklenddagi zavodini yopib qo'ydi, natijada 200 ish o'rni yo'qoldi. 2009 yilda Cadbury Dunedin zavodi o'rnini bosganda iste'molchilar va mahalliy ekologlarning tanqidiga uchradi kakao moyi palma yog'i bilan. Bunga javoban kompaniya orqaga qaytdi, ammo baribir palma yog'ini ba'zi ingredientlarni to'ldirish sifatida saqlab qoldi. Keyingi bir necha yil ichida Cadbury o'z mahsulotlarini qisqartirishni boshladi, shu jumladan 2015 yilda shokolad bloklarini kesish.[107]

2017 yil 16 fevralda Kadberi Yangi Zelandiyaning Dunedin shahridagi fabrikasini 2018 yil mart oyigacha yopishi haqida xabar berilgan edi. Bu 350 ish joyining yo'qolishiga olib keladi. Mondelezning Avstraliya, Yangi Zelandiya va Yaponiya bo'yicha vitse-prezidenti Amanda Banfildning ta'kidlashicha, yopilish Mondelezning shokolad ishlab chiqarishni Kadberining Avstraliyadagi zavodlariga o'tkazishga qaror qilganligi sababli amalga oshirilgan.[105][108][109] Shu bilan birga, Mondelez Dunedinning Cadbury World turistik sayyohlari sayyohlar orasida mashhurligi sababli ochiq qolishini ham tasdiqladi.[110]

Mahalliy Kadberi xodimlari bilan to'rt haftalik maslahatlashuvlardan so'ng Dunedin meri Deyv Kull va mahalliy kasaba uyushma vakillari Banfild Yangi Zelandiyada ishlab chiqarishni davom ettirish uchun tegishli imkoniyatlar mavjud emasligi sababli yopilish keyingi yil davom etishini tasdiqladilar. Shuningdek, u Cadbury xodimlarga qisqartirishni qo'llab-quvvatlash paketini taklif qilishini va shuningdek, ishlash uchun Avstraliyaga ko'chib o'tishga tayyor xodimlarga homiylik qilishini tasdiqladi. Mondelez shuningdek, Cadbury-ning Yangi Zelandiyadagi Pineapple Lumps, Jaffas, Chocolate Fish va Buzz Bar markalarini ishlab chiqarishni davom ettirish uchun uchinchi tomon ishlab chiqaruvchisini izlayotganligini tasdiqladi.[111] 2017 yil iyun oyi boshida mahalliy shahar kengashi a'zosi Jim O'Malley va bir guruh ko'ngillilar a kraudfanding saytning bir qismida Dunedin fabrikasini ushlab turish uchun kampaniya.[112] Ular Dunedin Manufacturing Holdings (DMH) deb nomlangan guruhni tuzdilar. 6 million NZ dollarlik mablag 'ishlab chiqarishga qaramay, DMH Mondelezning ishlab chiqarish va ta'minotga bo'lgan qattiq talablari va ishchi kuchi va texnikani sotib olishdagi qiyinchiliklar tufayli 22 iyunda o'z taklifidan voz kechdi. Mondelez, shuningdek, Yangi Zelandiyadagi Ananas Lump, Jaffas, Chocolate Fish, Buzz Bars va Pinky Bars kabi taniqli mahalliy brendlarni ishlab chiqarishni ta'minlash uchun ikkita mahalliy shokolad kompaniyasi bilan muzokaralar olib borayotganligini ta'kidladi.[113] DMHning taklifi muvaffaqiyatsiz tugaganidan so'ng, vakili O'Malley 12 sentyabr kuni o'z guruhi mahalliy shokolad ishlab chiqaruvchisini sotib olish va kengaytirish uchun yangi kraudfanding kampaniyasini boshlashini e'lon qildi. OCHO (Otago shokolad kompaniyasi).[114]

2017 yil 17-oktabrda Cadbury mahalliy etkazib beruvchini topa olmaganidan so'ng, Yangi Zelandiya brendlarining barcha ishlab chiqarilishini Avstraliyaga o'tkazishini e'lon qildi. Yangi Zelandiya ishlab chiqarishining tugatilishi 2018 yil mart oyida kuchga kiradi. Mondelezning Yangi Zelandiyadagi rahbari Jeyms Keyn Cadbury mahsulotlarini ishlab chiqarishda mahalliy Yangi Zelandiya ishlab chiqaruvchilari etishmayotgan ba'zi texnologiyalar, ishlab chiqarish jarayonlari va ko'nikmalarni talab qilishi kerakligi sababli o'zgarishni tasdiqladi.[115][116]

4 may kuni Dunedin Cadbury World-dan keyin yopilishi haqida xabar berildi Sog'liqni saqlash vazirligi a uchun yo'l ochish uchun butun sobiq Cadbury zavod saytini sotib oldi yangi davlat kasalxonasi. Mondelez mintaqasi vitse-prezidenti Banfild Kadberi sobiq zavod joylashgan joyni Sog'liqni saqlash vazirligiga noma'lum miqdorda sotganligini tasdiqladi.[117][118][119]

Kanada

Kadberining Kanadadagi bosh ofisi Torontoda joylashgan. Cadbury Canada Cadbury va Maynards yorliqlari ostida sotiladigan bir nechta mahsulotlarni ishlab chiqaradi va import qiladi, shu jumladan:

Cadbury Canada endi Mondelez Canada tarkibiga kiradi va mahsulotlar Snackworks veb-saytida namoyish etiladi.

Hindiston

Cadbury Hindiston
Tashkil etilgan1948 yil 19-iyul
Bosh ofisMumbay, Hindiston
Asosiy odamlar
Anand Kripalu, Boshqaruvchi direktor[120]
MahsulotlarCadbury sut suti, 5 yulduzli, Perk, toshlar, eklerlar, Oreo va Bornvita
Xodimlar soni
2000
Veb-saytkadbergifting.in

1948 yilda Cadbury India Hindistondagi faoliyatini shokolad import qilish bilan boshladi. 1948 yil 19-iyulda Kadberi Hindistonga qo'shildi. Hozirda ishlab chiqarish quvvatlari mavjud Thane, Induri (Pune ) va Malanpur (Gvalior ), Haydarobod, Bangalor va Baddi (Himachal-Pradesh ) va savdo ofislari Nyu-Dehli, Mumbay, Kolkata va Chennay. Korporativ bosh ofis Mumbay. Hozirda bosh ofis joylashgan Pedder yo'li, Mumbay, "Kadberi uyi" nomi ostida. Pedder Road-dagi ushbu monumental inshoot yaratilganidan beri Mumbay fuqarolari uchun muhim voqea bo'ldi. 1965 yildan beri Cadbury Hindistonda kakao etishtirishning rivojlanishiga ham kashshof bo'ldi. Yigirma yildan ko'proq vaqt davomida Cadbury Kerala qishloq xo'jaligi universiteti kakao tadqiqotlarini o'tkazish.[121][122]

Ayni paytda Cadbury India kompaniyasi beshta toifadagi - Shokoladli qandolat, ichimliklar, pechene, saqich va konfet bo'yicha faoliyat yuritmoqda. Uning mahsulotlariga quyidagilar kiradi Cadbury sut suti, Sut suti ipak, Bornvil, 5 yulduzli, Vasvasalar, Perk, Eklerlar, Bornvita, Bayramlar, marvaridlar, Bubbaloo, Cadbury Dairy Milts Shots, Toblerone, Zallar, Bilkul, Tang va Oreo.[123][124]

Bu shokoladli qandolat mahsulotlari bozorida etakchi bo'lib, bozor ulushi 70% dan yuqori.[125] 2014 yil 21 aprelda Cadbury India o'z nomini Mondelez India Foods Limited deb o'zgartirdi.[126] 2017 yilda Cadbury / Mondelez Baddi shahrida zavod qurish uchun litsenziyalar va ruxsatnomalarni olish uchun hukumat amaldorlariga noqonuniy to'lovlarni amalga oshirganligi uchun 13 million dollarlik FCPA jarimasini to'lashga rozi bo'ldi.[127][128]

Maltada

2012 yilda Alf Mizzi & Sons Marketing (Ltd) Cadbury va boshqa Mondelez brendlarini olib kirish va tarqatishni o'z zimmasiga oldi. Cadbury mahsulotlarining aksariyati to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Buyuk Britaniyadan import qilinadi. Brendning reklamasini Sloane Ltd o'z zimmasiga oldi va bu bozorga xos reklama roliklarini yaratishda juda muvaffaqiyatli bo'lganini va raqamli reklama orqali Malta aholisining har qachongidan ham ko'proq qismini qamrab olganligini ko'rsatdi.

Janubiy Afrika

Cadbury bilan tanishtirildi Janubiy Afrika 1903 yilda aka-uka Kadberi Richard va Jorj tomonidan.[129] Birodarlar o'z mahsulotlarini mahalliy aholiga sotish uchun savdo agentini tayinladilar. Brendning shuhrati shu darajada oshdiki, 1926 yilda Janubiy Afrikaning Kadberi qo'li tashkil topdi va mahalliy shokolad ishlab chiqarish zavodi qurish rejalari tuzildi.

Cadbury shokolad zavodi bilan erni buzdi Port Elizabeth 1930 yilda. 1938 yilga kelib mahalliy ishlab chiqarilgan birinchi Cadbury Dairy Milk Milk shokolad plitalari ishlab chiqarildi. Shokoladning dastlabki plitalari bu edi Sut, yong'oq suti, sutli meva, yong'oq Braziliya, meva va yong'oq va Bornvil Cadbury mahsulotlarining xilma-xilligi.

1950-yillarda Port-Elizabeth fabrikasi kengaytirildi, masalan, yangi mahsulotlarni ishlab chiqarishni boshlash uchun yangi laboratoriya Yalpiz va Crunchie Bar (1960-yillar). 1970-yillarga kelib, fabrika yana kengaytirilib, yangi Xom-ashyo do'konini va maydalangan siloslarni qo'shdi. O'shandan beri ular mahalliy belgiga aylandi. Xuddi shu zavod hali ham Janubiy Afrikada Cadbury shokoladining bir qismini etkazib beradi.[129]

2011 yilda, Kraft oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, o'shanda Cadbury-ga egalik qilgan kompaniya, Janubiy Afrika bozorida Dairy Milk shokoladli yarmarkasini sotishini e'lon qildi. Mahsulot Cadbury 2009 yildan beri ishlagan boshqa mamlakatlarda ham mavjud edi. Janubiy Afrikaning Cadbury operatsiyasi to'liq Afrikaga asoslangan ta'minot zanjiriga ega edi va kakao loviya sotib olingan. Gana va Port-Elizabethdagi fabrikada ishlab chiqarilgan shokolad barlari.[130]

Reklama

Angliyaning Bornvill shahridagi Cadbury World-da namoyish etilgan imzo logotipi. 1905 yilda kompaniya o'zining binafsha rangini tanladi Qirolicha Viktoriya Sevimli rang.[131]

Cadbury imzosi logotipi Uilyam Kadberining imzosidan olingan.[132] U 1970-yillarda dunyo logotipi sifatida qabul qilingan.[132]

Cadbury 1995 yilda ro'yxatdan o'tgan shokolad uchun binafsha rangga mashhur savdo belgisini qo'ygan[133] va 2004 yil.[134] Biroq, ushbu savdo belgilarining amal qilish muddati e'tirozlardan so'ng davom etayotgan huquqiy nizo masalasidir Nestle.[135][136]

2007 yil Gorilla reklama targ'iboti Cadbury sut suti - xususiyatli Fil Kollinz "Bugun kechada ", ko'plab mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi, shu jumladan Gold Britaniya televizion reklama mukofotlari 2008 yilda.[137] Cadbury mahsulotlarining to'rtta reklama roliklari eng yaxshi 50-da namoyish etilgan 4-kanal 2000 yilda Buyuk Britaniyada o'tkazilgan so'rovnoma "100 ta eng zo'r reklama ". Cadbury Flake, Flake Girl ishtirok etgan, 26-o'rinni egallagan, Cadbury sut suti mevasi va yong'og'i, komediyachi tomonidan kuylangan "Hamma meva va yong'oq" shiori ostida Frank Muir, 36-o'rinni egallagan, Fryning turkcha lazzati, "Sharqiy va'daga to'la" shiori bilan model bilan birga Jeyn Lumb, 37-o'rinni egallagan va Cadbury sut laganda (bu 1968 yildan beri "Milk Tray Man" tomonidan e'lon qilingan, juda qattiq Jeyms Bond - bir qutiga yashirincha "Milk Tray" shokoladini xonimga topshirish uchun dahshatli "reydlar" ni amalga oshiradigan uslubchi),[138] "Ko'chki" reklama 48-o'rinni egallagan shokoladlarni etkazib berish uchun oldinda u poyga qilgan joyda.[139] Cadbury-ni taniqli shaxslar, shu jumladan pop guruhi tomonidan targ'ib qilingan Spice Girls o'zlarining Cadbury brendli shokolad barlari va shokoladlari bo'lganlar.[140]

Ijro maoshi

2008 yilda, Todd Stitser, Cadbury kompaniyasining bosh direktoriga 2 million 665 ming funt mukofot puli to'langan. Uning yillik maoshi 985000 funt sterlingni va 448000 funt sterling miqdoridagi boshqa to'lovlarni birlashtirganda, bu 4 million funtdan ortiq mukofot beradi.[141]

Buxgalteriya hisobi

2007 yil iyul oyida Cadbury Schweppes tranzaktsion buxgalteriya hisobi va buyurtmalarni qabul qilish funktsiyalarini autsorsingga topshirishini e'lon qildi. Umumiy biznes xizmatlari (SBS) centres run by a company called Genpakt (a businesses services provider) in India, China, and Ruminiya. This was to affect all business units and be associated with US and UK functions being transferred to India by the end of 2007, with all units transferred by mid-2009. Depending on the success of this move, other accounting Human Resources functions may follow. This development is likely to lead to the loss of several hundred jobs worldwide, but also to several hundred jobs being created, at lower salaries commensurate with wages paid in developing countries.[142]

Mahsulotlar

Asosiy maqola: Cadbury mahsulotlarining ro'yxati
Cadbury chocolate stall at London's Xitrou aeroporti
A Cadbury Wispa chocolate bar that has been split in half. These are available in the UK.
A Cadbury sut suti Folga o'ralgan karamel bar
A Cadbury Yalpiz split in half. They are popular served in ice cream in a cone ("99 Flake ").
Cadbury Creme Eggs are sold between New Year's Day and Easter

Major chocolate brands produced by Cadbury include the bars Sut suti, Crunchie, Karamel, Wispa, Boost, Piknik, Yalpiz, Jingalak Wurly, Chomp va Fudge; shokolad Tugmalar; the boxed chocolate brand Sut uchun laganda; and the twist-wrapped chocolates Qahramonlar which are most popular around holidays, such as Rojdestvo va Halloween (Cadbury Goo Heads (similar to Creme Eggs) are released for Halloween).[143][144]

Creme Eggs are only sold between New Year's Day and Easter. Tony Bilborough from Cadbury told BBC radiosi 5 jonli: "There's something special about Creme Egg season. We long for it in those long, eggless days of summer and autumn."[145]

As well as Cadbury's chocolate, the company also owns Maynardlar and Halls, and is associated with several types of confectionery including former Trebor and Bassett's brands or products such as Liquorice Allsorts, Jelly chaqaloqlar, Flumps, Yalpizlar, Qora Jek chews, Trident gum, and Softmints. Global sales of Cadbury products amounted to £491M in the 52 weeks to 16 August 2014.[146]

Notable product introductions include:

Voqealar

2006 salmonella scare

On 20 January 2006, Cadbury Schweppes detected a strain of the Salmonella Montevideo (SmvdX07) bacteria, affecting seven of its products.[148][149] The contamination was caused by a leaking pipe, from which waste water dripped onto a chocolate crumb production line at the company's plant in Marlbruk, Herefordshire.[150][151] It was not until around six months after the leak was detected that Cadbury Schweppes notified the Oziq-ovqat standartlari agentligi, a delay which Cadbury Schweppes was unable to explain satisfactorily, and for which it was criticised.[148][152] The Food Standards Agency ordered the company to recall more than a million chocolate bars.[153] In December 2006, the company announced that the cost of dealing with the incident reached £30 million.[154]

2007 yil aprel oyida, Birmingem shahar kengashi announced that it would be prosecuting Cadbury Schweppes in relation to three alleged offences of breaching food safety legislation. O'sha paytda, Sog'liqni saqlash agentligi identified 37 people who had been infected with Salmonella Montevideo.[155][150] One of the alleged victims had to be kept on a hospital isolation ward for five days after eating a Cadbury's caramel bar.[156] An investigation that was carried by Herefordshir kengashi led to a further six charges being brought.[154] The company pleaded guilty to all nine charges,[157][158] and was fined one million pounds at Birmingham Crown Court—the sentencing of both cases was brought together.[159] Analysts have said the fine is not material to the group, with mitigating factors limiting the fine being that the company quickly admitted its guilt and said it had been mistaken that the infection did not pose a threat to health.[159]

2007 yil eslaydi

On 10 February 2007, Cadbury recalled some of its Easter eggs due to a labelling error. The products were produced in a factory handling nuts, potential allergens, but this was not made clear on the packaging. Cadbury said the products were "perfectly safe" for people without nut allergies to eat.[160]

On 14 September 2007, Cadbury Schweppes investigated a manufacturing error over allergy warning, recalling for the second time in two years thousands of chocolate bars. A printing mistake at Somerdale Factory resulted in the omission of tree nut allergy labels from 250g Sut suti Double Chocolate bars.[161]

2008 melamine contamination in China

On 29 September 2008, Cadbury withdrew all of its 11 chocolate products made in its three Beijing factories, on suspicion of contamination with melamin. The recall affected the mainland China markets, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Australia.[162] Products recalled included Dark Chocolate, a number of products in the 'Dairy Milk' range and Chocolate Éclairs.[163]

2014 pork traces in Malaysia

Cadbury recalled two chocolate products after it was tested positive for traces of pork DNA, namely Cadbury Dairy Milk Hazelnut and Cadbury Dairy Milk Roast Almond.[164] The traces were found during a periodic check for non-halal ingredients in food products by the Ministry of Health in Malaysia which on 24 May 2014 said two of three samples of the company's products may contain pork traces.[165]

On 2 June 2014, Malaysia's Department of Islamic Development (JAKIM) declared that the sample did not contain pig DNA, as claimed in earlier reports. This statement was made after new tests were conducted.

JAKIM reportedly said in a statement that they tested 11 samples of Cadbury Dairy Milk Hazelnut, Cadbury Dairy Milk Roast Almond and other products from the company's factory but none of them tested positive for pork. The investigation followed reports that unscheduled checks had shown that two chocolates produced by Mondelez International Inc., the parent company of Cadbury, violated Islamic law and led to a boycott of all its products in the country.[166]

2017 "Easter" controversy

Sponsored by Cadbury, the annual Easter egg hunt takes place in over 250 Milliy ishonch locations in the UK.

2017 yilda Angliya cherkovi condemned the company and the Milliy ishonch for rebranding their annual "Easter Egg Trails " as "Cadbury Egg Hunts".[167] Bosh Vazir Tereza Mey called the rebranding "absolutely ridiculous"; however, Cadbury dismissed the criticism, with a spokesperson saying, "it is clear to see that within our communications we visibly state the word Easter. It is included a number of times across promotional materials."[168] An ensuing controversy followed in Australia, where Cadbury was accused of removing the word 'Easter' from the packaging of its Easter eggs. Cadbury Australia rebutted that Easter was mentioned on "the back of pack", and that its eggs were obviously Easter eggs.[169]

2019 "Cadbury Treasures" campaign

In the run-up to Easter 2019, Cadbury launched a "Treasures" promotion in the UK and Ireland that, as well as listing treasure exhibits in various museums, encouraged people to engage in illegal metal-detecting and digging at protected archaeological sites around the Britaniya orollari in search of further treasure. This prompted a highly critical reaction from archaeologists.[170]

Shuningdek qarang

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