WGN Amerika - WGN America
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| Mamlakat | Qo'shma Shtatlar |
|---|---|
| Eshittirish maydoni | Butun mamlakat bo'ylab |
| Tarmoq | JB (1995–1999) |
| Shior | Biz Sevimlilarni o'ynaymiz |
| Bosh ofis | Chikago, Illinoys |
| Dasturlash | |
| Til (lar) | Ingliz tili |
| Rasm formati | 1080i (HDTV ) (pastga tushirilgan xat qutisi 480i uchun SDTV ozuqa) |
| Mulkchilik | |
| Egasi | Tribuna media (1978–2019) Nexstar Media Group (DT Media Group) (2019 yildan hozirgi kungacha) |
| Birodar kanallar | |
| Tarix | |
| Ishga tushirildi | 1978 yil 9-noyabr[1][2] |
| Oldingi ismlar |
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| Havolalar | |
| Veb-sayt | www |
| Mavjudligi | |
| Kabel | |
| Ko'pgina AQSh kabel tizimlarida mavjud | Kanal uyalari provayderga qarab farq qiladi |
| Sun'iy yo'ldosh | |
| DirecTV | 307-kanal |
| Taomlar tarmog'i | 239-kanal |
| IPTV | |
| AT&T U-oyat | Kanal 180 (SD) 1180-kanal (HD) |
| Verizon FiOS | 68-kanal (SD) Kanal 568 (HD) |
| Oqimli ommaviy axborot vositalari | |
| AT&T TV hozir | Internet-protokol televideniesi |
WGN Amerika bu Amerika obuna televizion tarmoq ga tegishli bo'lgan Nexstar Media Group, va kompaniyaning yagona to'liq milliy egasidir kabel - tashkil etilgan televizion kanal. Nexstar shuningdek, TV Food Network, LLC kompaniyasining 31 foiz ulushiga ega Discovery, Inc. -boshqariladigan ota-ona Oziq-ovqat tarmog'i va Pishirish kanali. Kanal ko'ngilochar dasturlarni (komediya va dramatik seriallardan tashkil topgan va teatrlashtirilgan) olib boradi badiiy filmlar ) efir kunining ko'p qismida va a to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yangiliklar formati - kundalik milliy Bosh vaqt yangiliklar, NewsNation - kechqurun va tungi soatlarda.[3]
WGN America dastlab 1978 yil 9-noyabrda tashkil etilgan United Video Inc. signalini qayta taqsimlashni boshladi WGN-TV (9-kanal) in Chikago, Illinoys - WGN America bilan bir qatorda, Chikagoda joylashgan mahalliy kabel yangiliklari kanal Chicagoland Television (CLTV) va yangiliklar / suhbat /sport radiosi stantsiya WGN (720 AM), orasida edi flagman ning translyatsiya xususiyatlari Tribuna media (ilgari Tribune Company deb nomlanib, 2014 yil avgustida uning bo'linmasidan oldin tanilgan nashriyot bo'limi ) Nexstar Tribune-ni 2019 yil sentyabr oyida sotib olish to'xtatilgunga qadar - kabelga va sun'iy yo'ldosh Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab obunachilar. Bu taniqli odamni kengaytirdi mustaqil stansiya Amerikaning ikkinchisiga sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali tarqatilgan milliy "xurofot, "kontseptsiya avlodidan keyin, Atlanta, Jorjia asoslangan WTBS (endi alohida sifatida ishlaydi) WPCH-TV Atlantada bozor va an'anaviy obuna kanali sifatida TBS mamlakat bo'ylab).
WGN-TV-ning milliy tasmasi sifatida kanal Chikago signalida ko'rilgan turli xil dasturlarni, shu jumladan sportni (asosan sportni (asosan Chikagodagi bolalar va Oq Sox beysbol va Chikago Bulls basketbol o'yinlari); mahalliy, yangiliklar, bolalar, diniy va jamoat ishlari dasturlar; filmlar; va sindikatlangan seriyalar. WGN mahalliy va milliy kanallari dastlab liga siyosati cheklovlari ostida Chikago hududidagi signal bilan cheklangan ba'zi sport musobaqalaridan tashqari deyarli bir xil dastur jadvallarini saqlab qolishgan. 1990 yil yanvar oyida federal qayta tiklanganidan keyingi yillarda sindikatning eksklyuzivligi qoidalar, ikkita kanal o'rtasida dasturlash tobora og'ib bormoqda, chunki WGN milliy tasmasi alohida televizion stantsiyalar tomonidan bozor eksklyuzivligi bo'yicha da'volarga duchor bo'lgan WGN-TV dasturidagi shoularni almashtirish uchun alternativ sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlarni kiritdi va milliy kanal o'chirishni tanlamagan ba'zi mahalliy dasturlar. (xususan, 2000-yillarning oxiridan boshlab, WGN Chikagodagi signal mahalliy yangiliklar dasturini kengaytira boshlagan va turmush tarziga oid dasturlarni jadvaliga qo'shganligi sababli). 2014 yil 14 dekabrda WGN America Tribune tomonidan an'anaviy asosiy kabel tarmog'iga aylantirildi, shu vaqtda u Chikago bozoridagi kabel provayderlarida sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlarida mavjud mahalliy tashish bilan birga taklif etila boshlandi. DirecTV va Taomlar tarmog'i. Sobiq ota-ona stansiyasi, WGN-TV, faqat Chikago bozorida ovqatlanish uchun mo'ljallangan mahalliy va sindikatlangan dasturlarning alohida jadvalini yuritadi.
2018 yil sentyabr oyidan boshlab[yangilash], WGN America-ni Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab pullik televidenie xizmatiga obuna bo'lgan taxminan 80 million xonadon qabul qildi (yoki kamida bitta televizorga ega bo'lgan uy xo'jaliklarining 62,7%).[4]
Tarix
Dastlabki yillar
WGN America o'zining kelib chiqishini izlaydi WGN-TV, a translyatsiya televizion stantsiya yilda Chikago, Illinoys u ishlay boshladi VHF 1948 yil 5 aprelda 9-chi kanalda Chikagodagi ikkala tizimga kirgan ikkinchi tijorat telekanali sifatida bozor va Illinoys shtati - WBKB-TV-dan keyin (4-kanal, hozir CBS qarashli va ishlaydigan stantsiya WBBM-TV 199 yilda W9XBK sifatida eksperimental operatsiyalarni boshlagan va tijorat litsenziyasiga aylangan 2-kanalda) mustaqil stansiya 1946 yil 6-sentyabrda - va Qo'shma Shtatlarda imzolangan 19-savdo stantsiyasi. 1948 yil yanvariga qadar dastlab foydalanishni rejalashtirgan stantsiya qo'ng'iroq belgisi WGNA - WGN, Incorporated tomonidan tashkil etilgan Chikago Tribune kompaniyasi (tegishli Robert R. Makkormik, keyin muharriri va noshiri Chicago Tribune ) mahalliy radiostansiyalarga ham ega bo'lgan WGN (720 AM) va WGNB (98.7 FM; chastota endi egallab turibdi WFMT ). WGN America va uning Chikagodagi efirga uzatilgan televizion va radio birodarlari qarz olishadi uch harfli "WGN" initsializmi "Vorld's Gqaytadan Newspaper "shiori tomonidan ishlatilgan Tribuna 1911 yil 29 avgustdan 1976 yil 31 dekabrgacha. (Qo'ng'iroqlar dastlab Tribuna 1924 yilda o'sha paytda qurilgan qurilish egalarining ruxsati bilan Zenit-Edgewater Beach Broadcasting-dan sotib olgan sobiq WDAP radiostansiyasida foydalanish uchun. SS Karl D. Bredli.)[5][6][7][8][9]
WGN-TV-ning dastlabki dasturlari mahalliy yangiliklar va boshqa mahalliy dasturlardan (shu jumladan bolalar dasturlari va musiqiy seriallar), eski badiiy filmlardan va Chikagodagi professional va kollegial jamoalarning sport tadbirlaridan (shu jumladan) iborat edi. Chikagodagi bolalar beysbol o'yinlari, stantsiyada ishga tushirilgandan boshlab Cubs bilan translyatsiya aloqalari 2019 yil sentyabr oyida tuzilgunga qadar doimiy ravishda efirga uzatilgan yagona mahalliy sport franchayzasi). 1948 yil oxiriga kelib tarmoq dasturlari CBS (keyinchalik WBKB-TV bilan o'rtoqlashdi, 1949 yil sentyabrda boshlangan) va DuMont televizion tarmog'i jadvalga qo'shildi; WGN 1940-yillarning oxiri va 1950-yillarning birinchi yarmida bir nechta DuMont dasturlari uchun ishlab chiqarish markazi bo'lib xizmat qildi (shu jumladan) Al Morgan shousi, Chicagoland sirli o'yinchilari, Musiqiy shou, Ular ayblanmoqda, Shamolli shahar Jambori va Pastga borasiz ).[10][11][12][13][14] CBS dasturlari 1953 yil fevral oyida qayta tiklangan WBBM-TV-ga ko'chib o'tdi, ushbu stantsiyani CBS-ga sotish tugagandan so'ng. Balaban va Katz Broadcasting, keyin egalik qiladi Birlashgan Paramount teatrlari bilan birlashish jarayonida bo'lgan ABC va WENR-TV assotsiatsiyasi tomonidan sotib olinadi (7-kanal, hozir WLS-TV ).[15] Bu WGN-TV-ni chayqalayotgan DuMont bilan qoldirdi, shu tarmoq 1956 yil avgust oyida o'z ishini tugatguniga qadar mustaqil stansiyaga aylandi; o'sha paytda tarmoqdan tashqari sindikatlangan takroriy takrorlash (kabi Cisco Kid, Bizning Miss Bruks va Mening kichkina Margim ) jadvalga qo'shildi.
9-kanal dastlab studiyada va transmitterlar bilan ta'minlangan Chicago Daily News Building, G'arbiy Medison va Shimoliy Kanal ko'chalarida Chikago markazi, WGN Radio-ning Centennial Building qo'shimchasidagi asosiy inshootiga ko'chib o'tishdan oldin Tribuna minorasi kuni Shimoliy Michigan Avenue shaharda Ajoyib mil 1950 yil 25 yanvarda televizion stantsiyani joylashtirish uchun yangilangan tuman.[16][17] 9-kanal uzatuvchisi ga ko'chirildi Ehtiyot bino 1956 yil yanvar oyida East Randolph Street va Shimoliy Michigan prospektida.[18][19] Stantsiya 95000 kvadrat metrlik (2,2 gektar) WGN O'rta Amerika Teleradiokompaniyasi markaziga ko'chib o'tdi (keyinchalik WGN Continental Broadcast Center deb o'zgartirildi va endi shunchaki WGN Studios deb nomlandi) Chikagodagi West Bradley Place-da. Shimoliy markaz 1961 yil iyun oyida jamoat. (U Bradley Place studiyalarini WGN Radio bilan o'rtoqlashdi Pioner sudi 1986 yilda Shimoliy Michigan prospektidagi kengaytma.)[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] 1969 yil may oyida asosiy transmitter g'arbiy antenna minorasiga ko'chirildi Jon Xenkok markazi Shimoliy Michigan prospektida.[27][28][29]
WGN-TV eng ko'p sport musobaqalari jadvali bilan bog'liq bo'lib, unda Cubs teleko'rsatuvlaridan tashqari, o'z ichiga oladi Chikago Uayt-Soks beysbol, Chikago Bulls basketbol, Chikago Blekxouks xokkey va kollej futboli va basketbol individual mintaqaviy universitetlarning o'yinlari (shu jumladan Illinoys universiteti, DePol universiteti va Notre Dame universiteti ) shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Big Ten konferentsiyasi yillar davomida turli nuqtalarda namoyish etilgan boshqa tadbirlar qatorida maktablar. Stantsiya, shuningdek, bolalar dasturlari qatori bilan mashhur bo'lgan Bozo sirk (bu eng taniqli iteratsiya bo'ldi Bozo komediya eskizlari, sirk aktyorlari, multfilmlar shortiklari va studiyadagi tomoshabinlar ishtirokidagi o'yinlarni o'z ichiga olgan mahalliy va keyinchalik milliy mashhurligi orqali franchayzing), Rey Reyner va uning do'stlari (animatsion shortilar, badiiy va hunarmandchilik segmentlari, hayvonlar va fan segmentlari va tomoshabinning pochta segmenti namoyish etilgan estrada namoyishi) va Garfild G'oz va uning do'stlari (bir qator mezbonlik qilgan Frazier Tomas sifatida "Bosh Vazir "o'zini" Qo'shma Shtatlarning qiroli "deb nomlagan titulli g'ozga, bu mahalliy televideniyedagi eng uzun qo'g'irchoq teatri deb hisoblanadi) hamda badiiy filmlarning mustahkam tarkibi (to'rtta film namoyish etilmoqda - bitta ertalab va tunda ikkitadan uchtagacha filmlar - har ish kunlari va dam olish kunlari kuniga uchdan oltitagacha filmlar).
9-kanal Chikagodagi etakchi mustaqil stantsiya bo'lib, 1960-yillarning boshlari va 1990-yillarning boshlari o'rtasidagi davrning ko'p qismida; 1979 yildan 1981 yilgacha ushbu farq bilan qisqa vaqt ichida raqib mustaqil tomonidan bosib olingan bo'lsa-da WFLD (kanal 32, endi a Tulki WGN-TV kompaniyasining bosh sho'ba korxonasini majburan majbur qilgan va egalik qilgan stantsiyani) Tribuna eshittirishlari (ilgari 1956 yildan 1981 yilgacha WGN Continental Broadcasting Company nomi bilan tanilgan) stantsiyani tarmoqdan tashqari sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlarni inventarizatsiyasini kuchaytirish va Tribune Company kompaniyasining startindak milliy sindikatlash bo'linmasidan mahsulot qo'shish bo'yicha ishlarni boshlash; Tribuna Entertainment. 1970-yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab WGN-TV signali orqali qayta uzatila boshlandi mikroto'lqinli o'rni ga kabel televideniesi markaziy qismning ko'p qismidagi tizimlar AQShning o'rta g'arbiy qismi, stantsiyani Chikago televizion bozoridan ancha uzoqqa va ko'ngilochar asoslangan mustaqil stantsiyadan foydalanish imkoniyati bo'lmagan hududlarga etib borish imkoniyatini yaratdi. 1978 yilning kuziga kelib WGN-TV G'arbiy, Markaziy va Janubiy Illinoysni va yirik hududlarni qamrab oluvchi 574 kabel tizimiga tarqatildi. Indiana, Viskonsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Ayova va Missuri - taxminiy 8,6 million abonentga erishish.[30]
Xurofot sifatida
WGN-TV milliyga tegishli
1978 yil 26 oktyabrda, agentlik uzoq televidenie signallarini kabel televidenie tizimlariga etkazish uchun transponderlarni qayta sotuvchi tashuvchilar uchun "ochiq kirish" siyosatini amalga oshirganidan bir kun o'tib, Federal aloqa komissiyasi (FCC) to'rtta umumiy sun'iy yo'ldosh sun'iy yo'ldosh firmalariga vakolat berdi - Talsa, Oklaxoma asoslangan Janubiy sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlari va United Video Inc. (keyinchalik United Video Satellite Group), Lansing, Michigan - asoslangan Amerika Mikroto'lqinli pechi va aloqa va Miluoki asoslangan Midwestern Relay Company - WGN-TV signalini sun'iy yo'ldoshga AQShning 48 ta tutashgan shtatlari bo'ylab turli joylarga xizmat ko'rsatuvchi kabel televideniye provayderlariga ulash uchun.[31] Janubiy sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlari - 1975 yilda tashkil etilgan Ted Tyorner va keyinchalik avvalgilariga sotilgan Western Union marketing bo'yicha ijrochi Edvard L. Teylor FCC qoidalariga rioya qilgan holda, umumiy sun'iy yo'ldosh tashuvchisi dasturning paydo bo'lishida ishtirok etishni taqiqlaydi - bu WGN signalini mamlakat miqyosidagi auditoriya uchun ulanish uchun etakchi da'vogar bo'lib, uni kompaniyaning ikkinchi mustaqil stantsiyasiga aylantirmoqchi edi. Ternernikidan keyin sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali tarqatiladi Atlanta, Jorjia mustaqil stansiya WTCG (tez orada WTBS), SSS 1976 yil dekabrida Amerika kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlariga qayta tarqatishni boshladi. Biroq, 1978 yil 30 oktyabrda provayder mijozlariga yuborilgan eslatmada Teylor Transponder 13 ning Satcom 1 (SSS ishtirok etuvchi provayderlarga signal berish uchun tayinlagan) muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi va aloqa sun'iy yo'ldoshi operatori, RCA American Communications, agar sun'iy yo'ldosh aloqa tizimlari (SSS va. qo'shma korxonasi) ekan, unga yangi transponder tayinlash haqidagi iltimosnomani rad etdi Holiday Inn ) 1979 yil 1 yanvardan keyin Satcom Transponder 18-dan foydalanishni saqlab qolish to'g'risida RCA-ga qarshi da'vo arizasini rad etishga rozi bo'ldi.[30][32]
1978 yil 9-noyabrda United Sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlari o'rniga yuqori ulanish majburiyatlarini nazorat qilishga kirishgan United Video Inc - WGN-TV signalini sun'iy yo'ldosh rele qurilmasidan uzib qo'ydi. Moni, Illinoys uchun Satcom-3 aloqa sun'iy yo'ldoshi kabel tizimlariga qayta taqsimlash uchun va C-tasma Qo'shma Shtatlar bo'ylab sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlari. Natijada WGN-TV WTBS qatoriga qo'shilib Amerikaning ikkinchi milliy vakili bo'ldi xurofot va 1979 yil oxirigacha milliy asosda qayta taqsimlangan uchta mustaqil stantsiyalardan birinchisi bo'lish: KTVU (endi Foxga qarashli va boshqariladigan stantsiya) yilda Oklend, Kaliforniya 1978 yil dekabr oyida sun'iy yo'ldosh aloqa tizimlari va WOR-TV tomonidan ulangan edi MyNetworkTV qarashli va ishlaydigan stantsiya WWOR-TV ) ichida Nyu-York shahri tomonidan yuqori aloqa o'rnatildi Newhouse gazetalari 1979 yil aprel oyida "Eastern Microwave Inc." filiali.[31][33] Bu shuningdek, Tribuna-ga qarashli birinchi mustaqil stantsiya bo'lib, u milliy pullik televizion tomoshabinlarga tarqatildi - United Video keyinchalik aloqani uzaytiradi WPIX (endi a CW filial) 1984 yil may oyida Nyu-York shahrida;[34] Netlink tarqatishni boshladi KWGN-TV (hozirda CW filiali) Denver 1987 yil oktyabrda;[35] va Sharqiy Mikroto'lqinli pech tarqatishni boshladi KTLA (hozirda CW filiali) Los Anjeles 1988 yil fevralda[36]- va United Video tomonidan tarqatilgan birinchi xurofot - va WGN va WPIX qo'shilgan Gaylord Broadcasting taniqli KTVT (hozirda CBS tasarrufidagi va boshqariladigan stantsiya) Dallas –Fort-Uort 1984 yil iyulda[37] va 1988 yil aprel oyida Sharqiy Mikroto'lqinli KTLA-dan retranslyatsiya huquqini olganidan keyin.[38] (WPIX, KTLA va KWGN asosan ularning ichida tarqatilgan tegishli mintaqalar Qo'shma Shtatlar, garchi barchasi milliy tarqatish uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lsa ham; Taomlar tarmog'i har uchalasini ham provayderga obuna bo'lganlar uchun milliy sifatida taqdim etdi al-karta xurofotlar darajasi 2013 yil sentyabr oyida yangi abonentlarga sotilishini to'xtatish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilishidan oldin Netlink dastlab KWGN-ni C-band va "Denver 5" bozoridan tashqaridagi to'plamining bir qismi sifatida tarqatgan. 4DTV obunachilar.)
Mamlakat bo'ylab birinchi haftaning oxiriga kelib, WGN-TV signallari mamlakat bo'ylab taxminan 200 ta qo'shimcha kabel televideniesi tizimida mavjud bo'lib, taxminan 800 000 abonentga ega bo'ldi.[39] Ushbu kabelning ulanishi kelgusi bir necha yil ichida o'sib borishi mumkin edi: birinchi og'ir kontsentratsiyalar Markaziy Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari (bu erda WGN telekanalining Chikagodagi kublari beysbol, Chikago Bulls basketboli va Bozo shou juda mashhur bo'ldi) va 1980 yillarning o'rtalariga kelib millatning ko'p qismini qamrab olish uchun asta-sekin kengaytirildi. United Video dastlab WGN-TV signalini qabul qilish uchun har bir abonent uchun 10 ¢ istiqbolli kabel tizimlaridan haq to'lagan, WTBS kanalining 24 soatlik qayta uzatilishi uchun bir xil stavka bo'lgan Janubiy Sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlari. WGN Continental Broadcasting va stantsiya rahbariyati dastlab WGN-TV-ni "passiv" xurofot sifatida qabul qilib, United Video-ning o'z signalining milliy retranslyatsiyasiga nisbatan neytral pozitsiyani ta'kidlab, WGN signalining milliy targ'iboti ustidan hech qanday nazorat o'tkazmadi. (Bu WGN singari ushbu vazifalarni sun'iy yo'ldosh tashuvchisiga topshirish o'rniga milliylashtirilgan reklama vazifalarini hal qilgan WTBS-dan farqli o'laroq edi.) Bu WGN Continental / Tribune Broadcasting-ga sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlash va reklama uchun to'lovlarni mahalliy stavkalarda emas, balki mahalliy stavkalarda to'lashda davom etishiga imkon berdi. boshqa milliy tarmoqlar bilan taqqoslash mumkin. Tribuna, shuningdek, ularni qayta translyatsiya qilgani yoki WGN signalini targ'ib qilgani uchun United Video tomonidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tovon puli olmadi; ostida bo'lsa ham majburiy litsenziya orqali bozor tashqarisidagi stantsiyalarga tegishli qoidalar 1976 yilgi mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun (bundan keyin 1982 yilda Mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha sud tribunalini shakllantirish orqali aniqlanadi), WGN-TV qabul qildi royalti to'lovlari milliy WGN ozuqasini retranslyatsiya qiluvchi kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh tizimlari tomonidan amalga oshirildi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining mualliflik huquqi bo'yicha boshqarmasi Mulk huquqiga ega bo'lgan har qanday mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan dasturlarni (shu jumladan yangiliklar, jamoat ishlari, bolalar va sport dasturlari) qayta translyatsiya qilish uchun.[40][41][42]
United Video Tribune Company-dan WGN-TV signalini uzatish uchun ruxsat olmaganligi sababli, ko'p yillar davomida WGN va United Video-ning munosabatlari "ayniqsa do'stona emas" deb ta'riflanib, hatto Tribuna-ga qadar retranslyatsiyani to'xtatish uchun qonuniy muammolarga duch kelmoqda. 111-bo'lim majburiy litsenziya nizomidagi "passiv" tashuvchilarga nisbatan Mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonunni ozod qilish to'g'risidagi bandda sun'iy yo'ldosh tashuvchilarning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri televizion stantsiya yoki uning litsenziyasidan (masalan, WGN-TV) to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ruxsat olishlari shart emasligi aniq belgilangan bo'lsa ham, uning signallari. / WGN Continental Broadcasting) bozor tashqarisidagi eshittirish signallarini qayta tarqatish uchun. O'sha paytda WGN-TV prezidenti Daniel T. Pecaro, ushbu stantsiyani "United Video" tomonidan "juda hurmatga sazovor" deb tan oldi va yana uchta operatorga qayta taqsimlash huquqi berildi, ammo stantsiya "xizmat ko'rsatishda davom etishini" ta'kidladi. bizning Chikagoland jamoalar. "[30][43] Taxminan o'n bir yil o'tib, WGN-TV milliy signallari Chikago hududida bo'lgani kabi bir xil dasturiy jadvalga ega edi, faqat Chikago Bulls basketbol o'yinlari milliy kanalda efirga uzatilishi taqiqlangan holatlar bundan mustasno. NBA superstation translyatsiyalaridagi cheklovlar. Milliy ozuqa, shuningdek, 1997 yilda "oddiy" nomi bilan tanilgan Chikagodagi signal signalini (o'sha paytda uni "Channel 9" yoki "WGN Channel 9" deb atashgan) efirga uzatilgan) xuddi shu efirda markalashdan foydalangan. WGN "Chikagodan tashqarida (garchi u WGN logotipining turli shakllarini saqlab qolgan bo'lsa ham so'z belgisi 2008 yilgacha); bosma va efirdan tashqari reklama reklamalarida esa, United Video ushbu xizmatni "WGN, The Chicago SuperChannel" (1982 yildan 1987 yilgacha) va keyinchalik muqobil asosda "WGN / UV" (1987 yildan 1993 yilgacha) sifatida sotgan.
1981 yil 10 fevralda WGN-TV sun'iy yo'ldosh lentasi audiolaridan foydalanishni boshladi subcarrier elektron dasturiy qo'llanma (EPG) xizmatiga (keyinchalik Prevue Guide va endi o'yin-kulgiga asoslangan) dasturlashtirilgan jadvallarni uzatish uchun signal Pop va tomonidan boshqariladi Birlashgan Video o'sha paytda Trakker Inc. birligi) sekundiga 2400 bit ma'lumotlar oqimi sun'iy yo'ldosh lentalari orqali vertikal bo'shliq oralig'i (VBI) EPG-ning shaxsiy kompyuter birliklariga jadval bo'yicha ma'lumot oladigan mahalliy kabel provayderlariga. Biroq, WGN dasturiy ma'lumotlarning sinovlarini o'tkazishi haqida ogohlantirilganiga qaramay telematn, United Video materialni telematn mazmuni bilan almashtirishni tanladi Dou Jons biznes yangiliklari xizmati; uning VBI-ni qayta shakllantirish a mavzusiga aylandi mualliflik huquqining buzilishi Tribune Broadcasting tomonidan United Video-ga qarshi da'vo Illinoysning Shimoliy okrugi uchun AQSh sudi o'sha aprel, stansiyaning asosiy vaqtidagi yangiliklar translyatsiyasini qayta uzatganligini da'vo qilib, To'qqiz soat soat yangiliklari (hozirda nomlangan To'qqizda WGN yangiliklari), shuningdek Dow Jones xizmatidan foydali telematn tarkibidan foydalanish uchun "buzilgan va o'zgartirilgan" tarzda WGN-TV-ning boshqa dasturlari 111-qism (a) -ni buzgan holda Yunayted Video tarkibni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri nazorat qilishiga olib kelgan. (3) 1976 yilgi mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun va WGN-TV va Albukerke, Nyu-Meksiko abonentlarga EPG telematnini etkazib berish uchun kabel provayderi Albuquerque Cable Television Inc. United Video mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi aktning VBI-dan foydalanishda passiv tashuvchi qoidalari qo'llanilishini ta'kidladi, shuningdek, begona materiallarni kabel tizimlariga etkazish ommaviy ijroga aylanmasligini va telematn materiallari mualliflik huquqi bilan himoya qilingan dasturdan alohida translyatsiya ekanligini talab qildi, chunki u mustaqil talab qiladi. dekoder uni televizion qabul qiluvchilar orqali ko'rish.[44][45]
1981 yil 8 oktyabrda Tuman sudi sudyasi Syuzan Getsendanner WGN Continental Broadcasting-ga ko'rsatma berilishini rad etdi va United Video-ga qarshi ishni bekatning teletekst uzatilishini olib borish shart emasligi sababli rad etdi. Illinoysning Shimoliy okrugi bo'yicha AQSh apellyatsiya sudi Getsendannerning 1982 yil 12 avgustdagi qarorini bekor qildi va tor belgilangan qaror bilan United Video WGN-TV-ning VBI teletekstini translyatsiya qilish to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'liq bo'lgan va soat 9:00 ning bir qismiga qayta uzatishi kerakligi to'g'risida qaror chiqardi. pm yangiliklar simulcast. Sud "sof passiv [vositachi]" tashuvchilar hech qanday o'zgartirishlar kiritishi yoki mualliflik huquqi bilan uzatilgan translyatsiyaning biron bir qismini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri olib tashlay olmasligini va United Video mualliflik huquqi qonunchiligining ta'rifi sifatida mualliflik javobgarligidan ozod qilishni talab qilishga asos yo'qligini ta'kidladi. jamoatchilik ko'rsatkichlari WGN sun'iy yo'ldosh lentasini olgan kabel tizimlari orqali bilvosita uzatishni qamrab oladigan darajada keng edi.[46][47]
1985 yilda Tribune Broadcasting mikroto'lqinli ulanish bilan bog'liq har qanday muammo yuzaga kelgan taqdirda Unitedga WGN dasturlashiga ruxsat berish uchun favqulodda ozuqa sifatida xizmat ko'rsatish uchun WGN-TV signalining United Video-ga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri mikroto'lqinli o'rni aloqasini taqdim eta boshladi. Alohida milliy reklama yoki har bir so'rov bo'yicha e'lonlar shuningdek, Chikago bozorida efirga uzatiladigan mahalliy reklamalar o'rniga sun'iy yo'ldosh tasmasi ustiga joylashtirila boshlandi (ba'zi istisnolardan tashqari, faqat mahalliy kanal 9-kanal orqali olib boriladi). Bu, shuningdek, stansiyaga Chikago hududidagi signal uchun alohida stavkalar va milliy signal bo'yicha efir vaqtini sotib olgan reklama beruvchilar uchun yuqori to'lovlarni yig'ish va reklama beruvchilarga Chikagoda joylashgan auditoriya uchun eksklyuziv tijorat imtiyozlarini taklif qilish orqali yig'ilgan reklama daromadlari miqdorini oshirishga imkon berdi. yoki milliy kabel auditoriyasi yoki milliy va mahalliy auditoriyalar uchun yagona forma. Oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini qayta tuzilishiga qaramay, Chikagodagi WGN-TV orqali namoyish etiladigan ko'rsatuvlarning aksariyati sun'iy yo'ldosh signallari orqali milliy miqyosda efirga uzatishni davom ettirdilar. 1987 yil iyul oyida United Video WGN superstation tasmasini uzatishni boshladi stereo; WGN-TV-da ishlab chiqarilgan barcha dasturlar formatdagi ishtirokchi tizimlarga taqdim etildi, boshqa dasturlar dastlab sintezlangan stereo audio orqali uzatildi.[48]
1988 yil 18 mayda FCC qayta tikladi Sindikatning eksklyuziv huquqlari qoidasi ("SyndEx"), qoida - ilgari agentlik tomonidan 1980 yil iyulda bekor qilingan - televizion stantsiyalarga sindikatlangan dasturlarga nisbatan mahalliy eksklyuzivlikni talab qilishga imkon beradigan va kabel tizimlarini talab qiladigan qoraymoq yoki da'vogar stantsiyasi yoki sindikat distribyutori bilan da'vo qilingan dasturni bozor tashqarisidagi stantsiya orqali olib borishni davom ettirish to'g'risida kelishuvni ta'minlash.[49][50][51][52] Kabel tizimlarini potentsial o'chirilishlardan qoplash uchun Tribune va United Video WGN Chikago signalida ko'rsatilgan ba'zi dasturlarga milliy retranslyatsiya huquqlarini, xususan, mahalliy va ba'zi sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlarga hamda sport musobaqalariga, shuningdek, ligaga cheklovlar kiritilmagan soniga bog'liqligini ta'minlay boshladilar. har yili bozor tashqarisidagi stantsiyalarda namoyish etilishi mumkin bo'lgan o'yinlar va eksklyuzivlik da'volariga duch kelmaydigan dasturlarni almashtirish - asosan yaqinda va undan kattaroq komediya va drama seriyalarining sinxronlashtirilgan takrorlanishi, birinchi sindikatlashtirilgan shoularni tanlab, teatrlashtirilgan xususiyatga ega va - Chikagodagi lentada namoyish etilmaydigan televidenie filmlari - milliy ozuqa qorayish muammolariga duch kelmasligini ta'minlash uchun. United Video shuningdek, ikkinchi darajali sun'iy yo'ldoshga muqobil dasturlarni joylashtirish bo'yicha WGN-TV milliy kanal jadvalidagi har qanday teshiklarni yo'q qilish uchun zarar etkazadigan vaqt oralig'ida yarim kunlik ish joyini ijaraga berish rejalarini tuzdi.[53]
Syndex qoidalari 1990 yil 1-yanvardan kuchga kirgandan so'ng, United Video rasmiy ravishda WGN-ning alohida milliy lentasini chiqardi, unda WGN-TV orqali uzatiladigan va "to'liq signalli" tashish uchun ajratilgan alohida sotib olingan dasturlar namoyish etildi, ammo u juda ko'p ishlashni davom ettirdi. 1990-yillarning aksariyati uchun ota-stantsiyasidan cheklangan dasturlash farqi bilan Chikagodagi eshittirish signallari bilan bir xil dasturlar. (Ushbu lent dastlab bir vaqtda ishga tushirilganga o'xshash tuzilgan edi WWOR EMI xizmati WWOR-TV-ning ulanishi katta miqdordagi dasturlarga ega bo'lsa-da.) Birlashgan Video-da tarqatilgan to'rtta xurofotlardan biri WGN-ning Syndex-dan keyin milliy qamrovini kengaytirib, 2,2 million xonadonga simli yoki sun'iy yo'ldoshli xizmatni qo'shgan. uning umumiy darajasi 1990 yil iyulgacha; ba'zi tizimlar, shuningdek, Nyu-York shahridagi WPIX va WWOR raqiblarini WGN superstation feed-ni taklif qilish foydasiga almashtira boshladilar, bu darhol ushbu ozuqa ishga tushirilgandan so'ng, u boshqa ta'sirlangan xurofotlarga qaraganda kamroq dasturlarni taklif qildi. Milliy ozuqani tarqatish bosqichma-bosqich kengayib bordi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri efirga uzatiladigan sun'iy yo'ldosh bilan kelishuvlar orqali DirecTV, Dish Network va Primestar 1990-yillar davomida. (WGN-TV-ning alohida tasmasi 1989 yil mart oyida Netlink - kabel televideniesi provayderi tomonidan boshqariladigan tashuvchi firma tomonidan ham bog'langan edi. Tele-Communications, Inc. (TCI), 1987 yil oktyabr oyida C-bandli antennalarga sun'iy yo'ldosh dasturlari to'plami sifatida WGN-ni tarqatishni boshladi - uy sun'iy yo'ldosh antennalari egalariga tarqatish uchun.)[54][55][56][57][58] 1992 yil yanvar oyida WGN-TV bilan shartnoma imzolandi AC Nielsen Co. Nilsenning kabel tarmog'ini o'lchash xizmati orqali har oy stansiyaning milliy auditoriyasini (uning Chikagodagi tomoshabinlari reytingi ko'rsatkichlaridan alohida) o'lchovlarni ta'minlash.
JBga a'zolik; JBdan keyin qo'shilish
1993 yil 2-noyabrda, Time Warner tashkil topganligini e'lon qildi Jahon televidenie tarmog'i, Tribune kompaniyasi bilan hamkorlikda ishlab chiqarilgan (1995 yil avgustda 11 foiz ulushga ega bo'lishidan oldin, yangi tarmoqdagi ulushsiz sherik bo'lgan) va Fox tarmog'ining sobiq ijrochisi. Jeymi Kellner (u Jahon bankining asl prezidenti sifatida xizmat qiladigan va ozchilik ulushiga ega bo'lgan). Tribuna o'sha paytda egalik qilgan ettita mustaqil stantsiyadan oltitasini o'z vazifasini bajarishga majbur qildi ustav filiallari Dastlab WGN-TV Chikagodagi signalni shartnomadan ozod qilgan bo'lsa-da, chunki stantsiya rahbariyati tarmoqning asosiy vaqtini va kunduzgi dastur takliflarini kengaytirish rejalari WGN-ning sport translyatsiyasi huquqlariga va potentsialning ta'siriga qanday ta'sir qilishidan xavotir bildirgan edi. tarmoq majburiyatlarini bajarish uchun ularni bekor qilish kerakligi xurofot tasmachisining Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining boshqa joylarida joylashgan kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlariga murojaat qilishi kerak edi.[59][60][61][62][63] Tribuna 1993 yil 3 dekabrda Time Warner bilan WGN-TV-ning Chikago bozori uchun JBning ustav sherigi bo'lishiga va WGN superstation feed-ning amerikaliklar uchun mo'ljallangan amaldagi milliy tarmoq tarmog'i sifatida xizmat qilishiga ruxsat berish to'g'risida alohida kelishuvga erishib, o'z yo'nalishini o'zgartiradi. dastlab mahalliy filialiga ega bo'lmagan media-bozorlar; Bu JBga ishga tushirilgandan so'ng mustaqil mustaqil stantsiyaga ega bo'lmagan "oq hudud" mintaqalaridagi filiallarni qamrab olishdagi qolgan bo'shliqlarni to'ldirish uchun etarli vaqt beradi. Buning evaziga Time Warner WGN sport dasturlari bilan ziddiyatlarni cheklash uchun tarmoqning dastlabki dastur takliflarini haftasiga bir kecha (ikkitadan) gacha kamaytirishga rozi bo'ldi. O'sha paytgacha mamlakatning 37 foizini tashkil etgan xurofot ozuqasi tarmoqning dastlabki qamrovini kamida bitta televizorga ega bo'lgan barcha AQSh uy xo'jaliklarining 73 foizigacha kengaytirishi mumkin edi.[64][65][66][67]
WGN-TV mahalliy va xurofot kanallari 1995 yil 11 yanvarda tarmoq ishga tushganda JBning ustav filiallariga aylandi. (Chikago signalida, bu birinchi marta WGN-TV telekanalining yirik translyatsiya tarmog'iga ulanishi bo'ldi. DuMont 1956 yil avgustda o'z faoliyatini to'xtatdi.) WGN kabel shartnomasi natijasida JB o'z dasturlarini to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kabel orqali ishlab chiqarilgan xizmatga tarqatadigan Amerikaning ikkinchi eshittirish televizion tarmog'iga aylandi. Jeymi Kellner tomonidan boshqariladigan uchta tarmoqdan kabelga o'tkaziladigan ishlarning. JB ishlab chiqilayotganda, Kellner Fox Broadcasting Company prezidenti sifatida ishga tushirgan xizmatiga asoslanib, kichik bozorlar uchun taklif qilingan milliy WB kabel ta'minotini (WeB) ishlab chiqishda edi. Foxnet, 1991 yil iyunidan 2006 yil sentyabrigacha faoliyat ko'rsatgan. WGN-dan milliy rele besleme sifatida foydalanish, JBga Birlashgan Paramount Tarmog'i ustidan erta ustunlik berdi (UPN ) - 1995 yil 16 yanvarda milliy debyutini o'tkazgan yana bir yangi tarmoq, a Qo'shma korxona o'rtasida Kris-Kraft / Birlashgan Televiziya va Paramount Television - bu UPNning translyatsiya qilingan filialidagi dastlabki bo'shliqlarga qaramay, WWOR EMI xizmatiga milliy kanal sifatida xizmat qilishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik. WGN superstation tasmasi Jahon bankining ishga tushirilish vaqtidagi milliy qamrovining taxminan 18% ini tashkil etdi, qolgan tarmoqning umumiy 62% ulanishlari 60 ta translyatsiya qilingan filiallari (shu jumladan WGN-TV) ga rioya qilishga tayyor. teskari kompensatsiya bo'lajak filiallar uchun reja. Kabel tizimlari superstation ozuqasini tashimagan ba'zi joylarda va Jahon bankining filialini saqlab qolish hali imkoni yo'q edi, sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali tarqatish tomoshabinlar WGN orqali tarmoq dasturlarini ko'rishning yagona usuli edi. (WGN milliy tasmasi 152 ta bozorda va AQShning 21 ta shtatida yashovchilar uchun JBning odatiy sherigi bo'lib xizmat qildi -Alyaska, Arkanzas, Delaver, Aydaho, Ayova, Kanzas, Meyn, Missisipi, Montana, Nyu-Xempshir, Nyu-Meksiko, Shimoliy Dakota, Oklaxoma, Janubiy Karolina, Janubiy Dakota, Tennessi, Vermont, Vashington, G'arbiy Virjiniya, Viskonsin va Vayoming - WeB-ni ishga tushirishgacha bo'lgan turli vaqtlarda.) United Video WBN-ga ulangan stantsiyaga ega bo'lgan bozorlar uchun o'rnini bosuvchi dasturlash bilan WGN-ning muqobil ozuqasini taqdim etishni maqsad qilgan; ammo, bunday choralar ko'rilmadi, chunki WBN-ning havodagi filiallari WGN kabel uzatish bilan raqobatlashishga majbur bo'lgan bozorlarda tarmoqning takrorlanishini yaratdi.[67][68][69]
WGN superstation tasmasi tarmoq ishi boshlangandan beri JBning asosiy vaqt qatorini olib o'tdi va Bolalar Jahon banki 1995 yil 11 sentyabrda tarmoq tomonidan ishga tushirilganda bolalar dasturlash bloki. Aksincha, Chikago bozorida WGN-TV faqat tarmoqning asosiy vaqt liniyasini efirga uzatishni tanladi va birinchi rad etish huquqi mahalliy ish kunlari oilaviy auditoriya uchun mo'ljallangan mahalliy ertalabki yangiliklar va kunduzgi sindikatlangan sitcomlarning blokini hamda mahalliy ishlab chiqarilgan yangiliklar, jamoat ishlari va bolalar dasturlari hamda dam olish kunlari ertalab pullik dasturlarni taklif qilish uchun Kids WB-dan voz kechish; bu yo'lni tozaladi Weigel Broadcasting bolalarning JB dasturlarini mahalliy flagmani orqali mahalliy efirga uzatish bo'yicha alohida bitimni bekor qilish WCIU-TV (26-kanal, endi a CW 1995 yil sentyabrdan dushanbadan shanbagacha blokni boshqargan mustaqil stansiya (affiliate), 2004 yil sentyabr oyida WGN-TV o'z dasturida blokni tozalashni boshlaguniga qadar.[70][71][72] Jahon bankining dastlabki dastur takliflari birinchi to'qqiz oy davomida chorshanba kunlari bo'lib o'tdi va 1999 yilning sentyabr oyigacha haftaning olti kechasiga qadar asosiy vaqt jadvalini kengaytirmadi, xurofot ozuqasi soat 8:00 dan 22:00 gacha to'ldirildi. WBN tarmog'ining dasturiy ta'minotisiz kechalari Sharqiy vaqt uyasi, WGN-TV-dan milliy translyatsiya uchun tozalangan sport teleko'rsatuvlari bilan - bu JB 1995 yil sentyabridan yakshanba kunidan boshlab to'rt yillik davrda o'z dasturlarini boshqa kechalarga kengaytirdi. Tarkibida, tarmoq dasturlari haftaning oxirigacha oldindan bekor qilinishiga olib keladi - yoki tarmoqning dastlabki yillarida WB-ning ko'pgina filiallarida bo'lgani kabi, sindikatlash bozori orqali sotib olingan teatrlashtirilgan badiiy filmlar.[73]
1995 yilga kelib WGN superstation ozuqasi Amerikaning barcha kabel tizimlarining taxminan 85 foizida mavjud bo'lib, taxminan 35 million xonadonga yetdi; ammo, xurofot ozuqa qismlarida ba'zi tarqatish bo'shliqlarini saqlab qoldi Shimoli-sharqiy va G'arbiy Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari (shu kabi tanlangan yirik bozorlarda Pitsburg va darhol Nyu-York shahri ) 2000 yillarga qadar.[43] 1995 yil may oyida United Video WGN, WPIX va KTLA superstation kanallari uchun retranslyatsiya majburiyatlarini yangi qo'shilgan UVTV sho''ba korxonasiga o'tkazdi.[74] 1997 yilda Tele-Communications Inc. va Tribune kompaniyasi WGN superstation feed-ning 50% egalik ulushini TCIga sotish bo'yicha taklifni muhokama qildilar - 1996 yil yanvar oyida United Video-da boshqaruv ulushini sotib olib, oxir-oqibat kompaniyadagi ulushini kengaytirdi. 1998 yil yanvariga qadar 73% aktsiyalar va 93% aktsiyalar va ovoz berish foizlari - va uni asosiy kabel kanaliga aylantirish (WTBS ning o'sha yili qilgan ishiga o'xshash va Tribune-ning WGN America-ni boshlagan asosiy xizmatga aylantirishga o'xshash). 2014). Ushbu taklif TCI tomonidan qo'shimcha dasturiy ta'minotni (shu jumladan bosh kompaniya orqali tarqatiladigan distribyutorlar kutubxonasi tarkibini ham taqdim etgan) Ozodlik Media ishtirok etgan kabel tizimlari tomonidan to'langan abonent to'lovlarini olishdi. Ushbu taklif oxir-oqibat kelishuvni buzmadi, Tribune va United Video milliy kanalni boshqarishni davom ettirishdi.[75]
1990-yillarning oxirlarida Jahon banki Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari ommaviy axborot vositalarining bozorlarida o'z translyatsiyasini kengaytira boshladi, ular bilan imzolangan qo'shilish shartnomalari orqali tarmoq dasturini olish uchun WGN milliy tasmasiga tayanishi kerak edi. mahalliy eshittirish stantsiyalari ishga tushirilgandan keyin eng yaxshi 100 media-bozorlar (shu jumladan UPN ustav filiallari, qolgan mustaqillar, ko'ngilochar formatni qabul qilgan sobiq notijorat stantsiyalari va boshqa tarmoqlarga (masalan, UPN) ulangan stantsiyalar bilan ikkilangan aloqalarni o'z ichiga oladi); 110 ta eng kichik bozorlarni qamrab olishga 1998 yil sentyabr oyida The WeB (keyinchalik o'zgartirildi) ishga tushirilishi orqali erishildi WB 100+ Station Group ), ishtirok etuvchi kabel asosidagi filiallarga taqdim etilgan WB tarmog'ining paketli tasmasi va sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlar. Mahalliy mavjudlik muammosi kamayib borayotganligi va shu vaqtgacha tarmoq tomonidan ma'lum bozorlardagi filiallariga eksklyuziv himoya vositalari taqdim etilishi bilan, 1999 yil 27 yanvarda Time Warner va Tribune o'zaro kelishib, WBN superstation orqali WB dasturlash rölesini to'xtatishdi. o'sha kuzda samarali ovqatlanish. 6-oktabr kuni WGN superstation feed rasmiy ravishda JB tarmog'ining dasturiy ta'minotini olib qo'yishni to'xtatganda, bolalarning JB dasturlari ish kunining ertalablari va peshinlari va yakshanba kuni ertalablari sindikatlangan seriyalar bilan almashtirildi, badiiy filmlar esa JBning asosiy vaqt dasturlari o'rnini egalladi, natijada xurofot jadvali paydo bo'ldi. more so resembling an independent station than a general entertainment cable network due to the presence of local programming from WGN-TV.[76][77][78][79][80][81] The removal of WB programming from the superstation feed reduced The WB's potential audience by 10 million households, and was cited as the reason behind the network's season-to-season ratings decline during the 1999–2000 season, which saw The WB lose an estimated 19% of its household audience as a consequence of the decision and fall to sixth place (behind UPN) in the Nilsen reytinglari.[82] For similar reasons to those that necessitated the decision to remove WB programming from the channel, WGN America also did not carry any programming from The CW when WGN-TV became its Chicago charter affiliate when that network launched in September 2006, due to the fact that The CW is widely available throughout the United States via over-the-air broadcast stations and affiliations with raqamli subkanallar and local cable outlets (including through CW Plus in smaller markets) when that network launched in September 2006.
Between 1998 and 2005, the amount of common programming shown on both the Chicago signal and national superstation feeds steadily decreased, an issue that continued well after the WGN America rebrand. Comparatively, approximately 50% of the programs seen on WGN consisted of those originating on the Chicago feed that were cleared for "full-signal" carriage by the national feed; this proportion of common programming dropped to around 30% by 2005 through the prior removal of WB programming and the overall schedule beginning to rely more on programs acquired specifically for national carriage as syndicators increasingly insisted on exclusivity protection for their series and film packages and were unwilling to license the rights to higher-profile syndicated programs to the superstation feed, believing that it would be more lucrative to license those programs to individual stations.
On July 12, 2000, Gemstar International Group Limited acquired TV Guide, Inc. (which United Video Satellite Group renamed itself following its 1999 purchase of Televizion qo'llanma jurnali Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi ), subsequently changing its name to Gemstar - Xalqaro TV qo'llanmasi. In April 2001, Tribune Broadcasting purchased a majority interest in UVTV – one of three satellite carrier units, along with Superstar/Netlink Group and Netlink USA, that were operated by the company – from TV Guide, Inc. unit of Gemstar–TV Guide (which was refocusing its assets around Televizion qo'llanma jurnal, TV Guide Interactive interfaol dastur qo'llanmasi platform and the TV Guide Channel) for $106 million in cash, shifting responsibility for retransmission, distribution and promotion of the WGN superstation feed to Tribune and effectively transitioning WGN from a "passive" to an "active" superstation, as TBS had been since it was first uplinked in December 1976. (The transaction would be the subject of a 2004 Qimmatli qog'ozlar va birja komissiyasi securities fraud investigation against co-president Peter Boylan that determined that Gemstar failed to inform investors that Tribune committed to a six-year, $100 million advertising contract with Gemstar in exchange for selling its stake in WGN to Tribune.)[83]
On September 10, 2001, the channel's name was changed to WGN Superstation, in an effort by Tribune Broadcasting to emphasize the channel's national programming prominence; the WGN-TV Chicago signal, meanwhile, continued to use the callsign-only "WGN" branding with the "Channel 9" identification remaining as a sub-brand. On November 11, 2002, the superstation feed underwent another name change, becoming known as Superstation WGN to reflect the strong national standing of the channel; this change coincided with the introduction of the Akzidenz Grotesk "arrow G" logo introduced by WGN-TV at that time (and used until May 15, 2017), which was stylized for the superstation feed's logo design to also incorporate an oval with a die-cut "S" emblem to represent its superstation status.
On April 1, 2007, Chicago-based real estate investor Sem Zell announced plans to purchase the Tribune Company in a kaldıraçlı sotib olish worth $8.2 billion, under which Tribune employees were awarded stock and given effective ownership of the company. The transaction and concurring privatization of Tribune was completed upon termination of the company's stock at the close of trading on the Nyu-York fond birjasi (NYSE) on December 20, 2007, at which time Zell formally became the company's rais va Boshqaruvchi direktor (BOSH IJROCHI DIREKTOR).[84][85][86]
WGN Amerika
The "Superstation" identifier was removed from the cable channel's on-air branding and promotions on May 24, 2008, when it adopted the name WGN Amerika. The new name as well as its accompanying slogan ("TV You Can't Ignore") and logo (an illustration of a woman's eyes, designed similarly to the "eye-and-profile" logo scheme used by premium xizmat Kino kanali from May 1988 until June 1997) went into full-time use on 26 may, 2008. On-air promotions began identifying the channel as WGN America on a limited basis since the beginning of May 2008, although kanal identifikatorlari using the "Superstation WGN" moniker remained in place during the transitional period. (The logo adopted as part of the branding overhaul marked the first time that the superstation feed utilized an on-air logo that did not incorporate the visual branding used by WGN-TV in some capacity, although promotional advertising logos for the national channel used prior to 1993 differed from that of the Chicago signal.)
The channel began to slowly revamp its programming lineup, acquiring additional recent and older television series and adding marafon -style blocks of acquired series on weekend mornings. A few shows were also dropped from the WGN America schedule (such as longtime staples AQSh fermer xo'jaliklarining hisoboti va Soul poezdi ), primarily due to the Tribune Company dissolving its television production and distribution unit, Tribuna Entertainment.[87] Tarmoq on-screen logo bug was revised In late July 2008, to feature the eye-and-profile element of the logo morphing into the "WGN America" text; the eye-and-profile element remained part of the general logo in all other uses until January 2009, when it was deemphasized in favor of using the channel's wordmark text as the primary logo. In June 2008, Zell and Tribune co-Boshqaruvchi direktor vaqtida, Rendi Mayklz, disclosed to the media during a nationwide tour promoting the Tribune properties that the company was interested in producing a tunda tok-shou komediyachi tomonidan uyushtirilgan Jey Leno, following the end of his initial run as host of NBC "s Tonight Show that year, intending to use the Tribune television stations as a major distribution arm and WGN America as a national broadcaster of the show.[88] However, in December 2008, NBC reached a deal with Leno for him to host a new prime time talk show to fill the 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time slot on Monday through Friday evenings. (Low national viewership and concerns about its effects on late local newscasts prompted NBC to cancel Jey Leno shousi in February 2010, leading to the network's bahsli qaror to reinstate Leno as host of Tonight Show one month later, after initial plans to move him to a separate Bugun kechqurun lead-in led to the resignation of his replacement on that program, Konan O'Brayen, and O'Brien's subsequent launch of a new tunda tok-shou on TBS.)
On December 8, 2008, the Tribune Company filed for 11-bob Bankrotlikdan himoya qilish, citing a debt load of around $13 billion – making it the largest media bankruptcy in American corporate history – that it accrued from the Zell buyout and related privatization costs as well as a sharp downturn in revenue from newspaper advertising.[89][90] In April 2009, WGN America underwent another rebrand, with a new retro-style logo (which was updated on July 1, 2010 to a more minimalistic graphic style), a new five-note asoschi (based on the sound ID used by WGN Radio in Chicago), new graphics, a new slogan ("Everywhere America Calls Home"), and the introduction of some original programming to its schedule. The changes were made in order to increase its cable distribution outside the channel's traditional coverage area and position itself as a general entertainment network that programs to the entire nation, not just Chicago and the Midwest.[91]
Separation from WGN-TV and conversion to standalone channel
With the Tribune Company undergoing ownership and management changes following its exit from protracted 11-bob bankrotlik reorganization proceedings on December 31, 2012, under the control of senior debt holders Oaktree Capital Management, JPMorgan Chase va Angelo, Gordon & Co. (a reorganization which also led to the eventual quyi tashkilot ochish kompaniyaning nashriyot bo'limi in August 2014 to focus on its broadcasting, digital media and ko `chmas mulk birlik),[92][93] Tribune announced plans to convert WGN America from a superstation into a conventional cable-originated entertainment channel, similar to TBS's transition to a traditional cable channel—albeit in a hybrid form as it continued to relay its programming over its Atlanta parent station for nine years afterward—in January 1998. Ironically, it was the national TBS channel's separation from its parent Atlanta station WTBS (which was concurrently re-called WPCH-TV as part of the restructuring of the two services) on October 1, 2007, that resulted in WGN America becoming the last remaining American superstation to be distributed nationally through cable television systems as well as satellite and other types of multichannel subscription television providers.
Plans called for WGN America to incorporate scripted original programming, to migrate from "limited basic" (or "lifeline") programming tiers (where it is carried alongside local and, in some areas, non-superstation-structured out-of-market efirga uzatilgan televizion stantsiyalar va umumiy foydalanish channels) to the "expanded basic" tiers of cable and other wired multichannel television providers, and forego its longstanding royalty payment structure to adopt a qayta uzatish roziligi model in future carriage agreements in which Tribune would receive subscriber-based fees from its multichannel television distributors for carriage of the network.[94][42] Matt Cherniss was appointed as the first president and Bosh menejer of WGN America and Tribune Studios, a new production unit that was formed with the intent of producing some of the network's original content, on March 19, 2013.[95][96]
Salem and WGN America saw a major promotional push that commenced with Fox's broadcast of Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, which saw part of their local advertising time on Tribune Broadcasting's fifteen Fox-affiliated stations (including those located in Sietl va Denver, the two cities whose local NFL franchises – the Dengiz baliqlari va Bronkos, respectively – played in the game) being used to run an extended promotional ad for Salem, followed by further promotion on other Tribune-owned/operated local television stations in the lead-up to the show's April 20 premiere.[97] In a May 2014 symposium at the MoffattNathanson Media & Communications Summit, Tribune President and CEO Piter Liguori – a former Fox and Discovery Communications executive who joined the Tribune Company in December 2012 – stated that with its new programming strategy, about 50% of participating American multichannel television providers would begin offering WGN America as a conventional cable-originated channel by the end of 2014, with all providers offering it on a higher-end basic programming tier by around 2016.
WGN America's conversion into a conventional cable-originated channel became formal on December 13, 2014, when simulcasts of WGN-TV's Chicago-originated local newscasts, news specials and public affairs programs, special events and sports telecasts (although a simulcast of the first hour of the station's then five-hour-long ertalab yangiliklar was carried early weekday mornings during the transitional period) immediately ceased being shown on a national basis. On December 15, Tribune reached a carriage agreement with Comcast Xfinity that saw WGN America move from limited to expanded basic tiers effective the following day (December 16) on its systems in Boston, Filadelfiya, Vashington, Kolumbiya, Sietl va Chikago. Despite the reduction in common programming between WGN-TV and WGN America towards the end of their joint existence as a national superstation, the channel's addition to Comcast's Chicago systems marked the first time that WGN America had been available on cable television – instead of just on direct-broadcast and C-band satellite, as had been the case for about two decades – in the home market of its former parent station.[98][99] The three Tribune-owned superstations that remained, WPIX, KTLA and KWGN-TV, were confined in their remaining U.S. distribution to wired subscription television services to their respective regions of the United States (the Pacific and Desert Southwest for KTLA, the Tog'lararo G'arb for KWGN and the Shimoli-sharq for WPIX), but remained available nationally through Dish Network, albeit restricted to existing subscribers who purchased its al-karta superstation tier before Dish halted the tier's sale to new subscribers in September 2013. (WGN-TV would regain national availability in the spring of 2015, when Kanal ustasi included the Chicago feed among the initial offerings of its LinearTV over-the-top streaming xizmat.)[100]
On June 12, 2016 at 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Dish Network removed Tribune Broadcasting's 43 television stations and WGN America from its lineup, after the two companies were unable to reconcile terms on renewing their existing carriage contract.[101][102] WGN America's channel slot was replaced by a duplicate feed of TNT during the blackout. (The company's broadcast television stations, such as WGN-TV, were replaced with a repeating recorded video message prepared by Dish Network notifying viewers of their removal.)[103] After having its television properties off the satellite provider for 1½ months, Tribune and Dish Network reached a deal to return the Tribune Broadcasting stations and WGN America to the Dish lineup on September 3, commencing hours after the announcement.
Nexstar Media Group ownership
2017 yil 8-may kuni, Hunt Valley, Merilend asoslangan Sinclair Broadcast Group announced that it would acquire Tribune Media for $3.9 billion in cash and stock, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in Tribune-held debt. Following the announcement of the purchase, Sinclair CEO Christopher Ripley disclosed plans to reposition WGN America around acquired series and "cost-effective" original programs in an effort to orient the network for "profitable growth," de-emphasizing high-end scripted series from WGN America's programming slate.[104][105][106][107] The deal drove speculation that Sinclair would utilize WGN America's wide national reach to launch a konservativ yo'naltirilgan cable news rival to Fox News kanali va Newsmax TV over WGN's existing transponder and channel space. (Such speculation had been floated for over a year, dating to its January 2016 purchase of Tennis kanali, driven mainly because, since the implementation of the now-defunct local/national Yangiliklar Markaziy hybrid format in 2003, Sinclair has produced national must-run segments for its stations that have been cited as having a noticeable conservative slant, a major concern levied by Demokratik members of Congress, anti-consolidation media activist groups and even some conservatives who were opposed to the deal.) However, Turli xillik reporter Cynthia Littleton noted that such a revamp may not be fiscally viable, as it would risk piling on additional debt on top of that which Sinclair had already accrued through the spate of station purchases it has made since the 2011 acquisition of Four Points Media Group (estimated at $3.268 billion as of March 31, 2017), and the debt it would have assumed through the Tribune deal.[108][109][110][111] Avvalgi professional kurash ijro etuvchi Erik Bishoff spoke in favor of the Sinclair-Tribune deal during a Q&A session on his official Periskop account on March 14, 2018, noting that Sinclair could utilize WGN America to expand the reach of Sinclair-owned professional kurashni targ'ib qilish Faxriy uzuk in a similar manner that the Turner Broadcasting System ishlatilgan Kurash bo'yicha jahon chempionati (WCW) and its predecessors including Jim Crockett aktsiyalari va Kurash bo'yicha Gruziya chempionati from the 1970s until the early 2000s via TBS and TNT. Had that been the case, Faxriy uzukka qarshi kurash would have been third weekly series to be carried by the network, after WWE Superstars va Jangchilar.[112]
On August 9, Tribune announced it would terminate the Sinclair deal; concurrently, Tribune filed a shartnomani buzish da'vo Delaver shtatidagi kantsler sudi, Sinkler FCC va DOJ bilan tartibga solish masalalari bo'yicha uzoq muddatli muzokaralarni olib borganligi, u allaqachon mavjud bo'lgan bozorlarda stantsiyalarni sotishdan bosh tortganligi va Sinclair ijroiya raisi Devid D. Smit bilan aloqasi bo'lgan tomonlarga rad etilgan yoki juda rad etilganlarni ajratishni taklif qilgan. sotish kerak bo'lgan stantsiyalar ustidan nazoratni saqlab qolish uchun rad etish sharti bilan.[113]
2018 yil 3-dekabr kuni, Irving, Texas asoslangan Nexstar Media Group announced it would acquire Tribune's assets including WGN America for $6.4 billion in cash and debt.[114] Nexstar traditionally has structured itself as a local-specific media company, and has spun off most of the more national or extraneous assets of companies that it has acquired in the recent past. Following the Tribune purchase announcement, representatives for Nexstar stated that the company would consider the sale of certain "non-core" assets tied to the sale during or after the acquisition process, though it instead decided to wind those non-core operations down, including Zap2 va Raqamlar bo'yicha televizor. There was a possibility that WGN America and WGN Radio (which would ultimately become the first radio property ever to be owned by the group) would have been sold off, though Nexstar eventually decided to retain and strengthen both properties.[115] The purchase was finalized between the two groups on September 19, 2019. Upon completion of the purchase, Nexstar expanded the responsibilities of WGN America president/general manager Matt Cherniss to include oversight of WGN Radio and Antenna televizori.[116][117]
Dasturlash
2019 yildan boshlab[yangilash], WGN America's programming slate relies primarily on a variety of reruns such as Moviy qonlar, Oxirgi odam, M * A * S * H, Qotillik, u yozgan, Onangizni qanday uchratganim, Boshlang'ich, Uylangan ... bolalar bilan, Tunning issiqligida va JAG. As is typical for cable networks, some of the shows airing on the channel are also available on other broadcast television stations throughout the United States; for much of its post-Syndex existence as the superstation feed of WGN-TV/Chicago, many of these programs were cleared by television syndication distributors for "full-signal" rights, therefore allowing them to air on WGN America as they do not fall under syndication exclusivity regulations (for example, although Onangizni qanday uchratganim is syndicated to other television stations nationwide, including WGN-TV, it is allowed to air on WGN America due to its clearance by 20-televidenie for "full-signal" carriage). However, in 2013, WGN America began to acquire exclusive cable rights to programs eligible for syndication (such as Qiziqarli shaxs va Bog'lar va dam olish ) as part of the channel's shift towards operating as a conventional cable network.[118]
Feature films on WGN America are also cleared for "full-signal" carriage, as the channel runs movies from film packages distributed for local broadcast syndication by Warner Bros. Televizion, Disney-ABC ichki televideniesi, 20th Television, Sony Pictures Television va boshqa distribyutorlar. Movies formed much of the superstation's prime time schedule for much of its existence until the "Superstation WGN" branding era, though there have been exceptions: fewer prime time movies aired during the week during its four-year run as a cable-only affiliate of The WB from January 1995 to October 1999, particularly as that network's programming expanded to additional nights, with films airing on a nightly basis again – except on certain nights throughout the year to accommodate WGN-TV-produced sports telecasts cleared for national retransmission – once WB programming was dropped. (Films were later removed from Sunday nights with the launch of the "Outta Sight Retro Night" block in August 2007 and from Thursday nights between 2009 and 2010 to accommodate original programs such as WWE Superstars.) WGN America then relegated its movie telecasts to Sunday afternoons and weekend late nights from September 18, 2010[119] until prime time films returned on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays in May 2013.
Until 2012, the channel's morning and early afternoon schedule heavily relied on reruns of television series produced between the 1960s and the early 1990s. These programs were also prominently featured as part of the classic sitcom block "Outta Sight Retro Night," which aired Sunday nights (incorporating a one-hour breakaway within the block's designated nine-hour-long time period for the 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time simulcasts of To'qqizda WGN yangiliklari va Tezkor takroriy ijro) from August 26, 2007 until September 5, 2010. Some of the programs shown as part of the block – which included series such as Tsinkinnatidagi WKRP, Nyuxart, ALF, Barni Miller va Balomchilar – had previously aired on WGN prior to the re-implementation of Syndex, or even after the rules went into effect on the Chicago signal or/and the superstation feed. (Tribune Broadcasting later included some of these shows on Antenna televizori, a broadcast network focusing on classic television series that Tribune launched on January 1, 2011.[120]
Erta davomida 2000-yillar, WGN America acquired sub-run syndication rights to series that had previously aired in their original broadcast runs during the channel's affiliation with The WB, including 7-osmon, Wayans Bros., Opa, singil va Ota-ona qalpog'i. Between 2006 and 2009, WGN America ran teen- and preteen-oriented sitcoms during mid-afternoon timeslots such as Lizzi McGuire, Hatto Stivens ham va Opa, singil, only for these shows to quickly be moved to overnight qabriston uyalari (when the show's target audiences are usually not awake) and then removed from the channel entirely shortly afterward. This was likely due to the restructuring of Tribune's television division and a distribution agreement with the Disney kanali that proved too expensive to maintain.
Original and licensed programming
On August 21, 2008, WGN America announced a partnership with Indianapolis radiostansiya WFBQ to broadcast a televised version of Bob va Tom shousi radio program, originally produced for the Tribune-owned Indianapolis ikkilamchi of Fox affiliate WXIN (channel 59) and CW affiliate WTTV (channel 4, now a CBS affiliate). The program debuted on WGN America on November 3, 2008, originally airing in a standard kech tunda uyasi,[121] before being shifted to an overnight qabriston uyasi gacha Bob va Tom television broadcast ended on September 13, 2010. On December 19, 2008, Tribune reached a deal with World Wrestling Entertainment translyatsiya qilish WWE Superstars as an hour-long weekly program on WGN America.[122] The program started airing on WGN America on April 16, 2009, airing on the channel for two years until Super yulduzlar was dropped from its lineup after the April 7, 2011 telecast. (WWE Superstars was then made available on WWE's subscription-based WWE tarmog'i until its cancellation in November 2016.)
In April 2010, WGN America announced it would begin carrying Earl Pitts Uhmerikun, a television version of the radio commentary series created by Gari Burbank. Burbank – whose segments as the "middle American" archetype character began airing on the channel that same month – had long maintained a close relationship with certain executives working at that time for the Tribune Company, who approached him about bringing the segments to television.[123] The commentary was aired in the form of a series of 90-second segments that aired on WGN America until November 2011, usually during simulcasts of WGN-TV newscasts.
As part of WGN America's restructuring, the channel began to develop original programming – some of which will be produced through Tribune Studios, a production and distribution unit formed in March 2013 to develop syndicated programs that would be seen primarily on Tribune Broadcasting's television properties (the subsidiary's predecessor, Tribune Entertainment, was a contributing supplier of syndicated programs to WGN America prior to the unit's 2007 shutdown).[95][96][124] On June 4, 2013, WGN America placed a 13-episode order for its first original scripted program, the drama series Salem (which is based around the Salem jodugarining sinovlari ), which premiered on April 20, 2014.[125] The network debuted its first yozilmagan seriyalar, Wrestling with Death, on January 13, 2015.
Tribune began shifting WGN America's development slate away from scripted content under the stewardship of interim Tribune President/CEO Peter Kern, shortly after he replaced Peter Liguori as head of the company in March 2017, beginning with the cancellation of the drama series Chet elliklar. When Sinclair Broadcast Group announced its proposed purchase of Tribune Media, Sinclair CEO Christopher Ripley's plans for the channel to focus on "cost-effective" original programs were cited as being based on the assertion that the network's then-current original programming budget was unjustified based on the channel's ratings (while not among the top 25 highest-rated cable networks, WGN America's viewership had gradually increased since the introduction of original scripted series, posting its highest monthly ratings in March 2017, during which it total viewership averaged 446,000 viewers and viewership among adults ages 25 to 54 totaled at 157,000).[107][126] Ripley's statement immediately put into question the future of the qullik -era period drama Yer osti, which premiered on the network in March 2016 and ended its second season two days after the announcement of Tribune acquisition on May 10, 2017. Reports stated that Yer osti production company/distributor Sony Pictures Television would seek other network and streaming partners to continue the program (with Xulu, which maintains a content deal with WGN America, being among the possible candidates); WGN would announce its decision to cancel the series on May 30. (Yer osti ultimately did not find a service willing to order a third season of the series.)[127][128]
Since the network reduced its original programming budget, WGN America has chosen to focus its first-run programming efforts on scripted programs of reasonably lower production cost, including programs originally developed for international syndication, some of which would form the basis of the "Prime Crime" programming block. The first of these licensing agreements was announced on July 31, 2017, when WGN America acquired the U.S. television rights to the Anna Pakvin -led Canadian drama Bellevue. This was followed on August 8, when it acquired the U.S. rights to the Canadian crime dramas Sof va Rasulullohni otib tashlang, and the German-Swedish co-production 100 kod (a starring vehicle for Dominik Monaghan va kech Maykl Nyukvist ), with proposed American premieres set for the first half of 2018. Bellevue was the first of these licensed series to make their U.S. debut on WGN America, premiering on the channel on January 23, 2018. Sof would not make its U.S. debut on WGN America until January 23, 2019.[129][130][131][132][133] The network returned to unscripted reality programming with the July 2019 premiere of It eng ko'p qidirilmoqda, xususiyatli Duane “Dog” Chapman (in his return to reality television following the cancellation of It va Bet: Ovda ), uning xotini Bayt (who died of cancer one month prior to the series' premiere) and their team of mo'l-ko'l ovchilar, dubbed "The Dirty Dozen," pursuing some of America's most wanted fugitives.[134] In September 2018, WGN America began airing a revival of Jangchilar, birinchi marta belgilash professional kurash aired on the network since their last broadcast of WWE Superstars 2011 yil 7 aprelda.[135]
NewsNation
On January 15, 2020, WGN America announced it would launch a three-hour-long, nightly prime time newscast titled NewsNation, which premiered on September 1, 2020. The program—which is produced from the WGN-TV facility in Chicago, in studio space formerly used by its sister kabel yangiliklari kanal Chicagoland Television (CLTV) from 2009 until Nexstar shuttered the channel in December 2019—offers non-partisan coverage that is based upon the traditional, straight news style of local television newscasts; it primarily utilizes the journalistic resources of Nexstar Media Group's 110 television news operations (among its 197 owned-and/or-operated stations nationwide), augmenting an in-house staff of anchors, correspondents and meteorologists (almost all of which exclusively have backgrounds in local television news). The neutral broadcast is designed to compete with mainly opinion-based news programs shown on CNN, MSNBC va Fox News kanali during the 8:00 to 11:00 p.m. Eastern Time slot and rebroadcasts shown in the three succeeding hours, replacing acquired entertainment programming and movies that occupied prime time and early late-night timeslots. NewsNation is the first national news effort to use WGN America as a platform since it carried the similarly formatted 1980–90 syndicated program Mustaqil tarmoq yangiliklari under former parent Tribune's ownership (as the superstation feed of WGN-TV).[136][137] The program was developed under the management of Sean Compton, who was promoted to executive vice president of WGN America upon completion of the Nexstar purchase, and former WGN-TV yangiliklar bo'yicha direktor Jennifer Lyons, who was reassigned by Nexstar to serve as WGN America's vice president of news.[138]
WGN-TV programming
From the time United Video uplinked the Chicago station's signal to satellite in November 1978 until the national channel became a conventional cable network in December 2014, WGN America carried various programs produced by WGN-TV's news and public affairs, sports and local programming departments for national broadcast.
Yangiliklar
When national distribution of the WGN-TV signal commenced, the national feed carried the station's two traditional long-form newscasts, Newsnine (anchored at the time of uplink by Jek Teylor, who, the following year, was shifted to the broadcast's weekend editions and replaced as lead weeknight anchor by John Drury ) va Nightbeat (a half-hour, overnight news program that WGN-TV aired as a lead-out of its late night movie presentations until its cancellation in 1983); the local morning agricultural news program Top 'o' the Morning (then co-hosted by AQSh fermer xo'jaliklarining hisoboti langar Orion Samuelson and Harold Turner); mahalliy jamoat ishlari dasturlar Odamlardan odamlarga (a bi-weekly public affairs program that debuted in 1973, and was then hosted by local civil rights leader Edwin C. "Bill" Berry), Issues Unlimited (a Sunday morning public affairs program moderated by Chicago Bulletin editor and columnist Hurley Green, Sr. that ran from 1971 to 1987[139]) va Charlando (a Spanish-language talk show focusing on Chicago's Hispanic and Latino community that premiered in 1964 and aired until 1999, with Peter Nuno hosting the program throughout its 35-year run[140][141]); daily midday and prime time news updates; and morning sign-on news capsules. (Charlando's replacement, the bi-weekly Adelante, Chikago, was added to the national feed in January 2000.)
On October 5, 1980, the 10:00 p.m. (Markaziy) Newsnine broadcast evolved into an hour-long newscast, originally titled To'qqiz soat soat yangiliklari (keyinchalik qayta nomlangan To'qqizda WGN yangiliklari in May 1993). Upon its premiere in September 1983, the national feed added a simulcast of WGN-TV's midday newscast, then known as Midday Newscope and originally structured as a half-hour local version of the Gannett Broadcasting –Telepictures - ishlab chiqarilgan Newscope sindikatlangan format. (The program was later renamed Chikagodagi kunduzgi yangiliklar in September 1984, Tushda WGN yangiliklari in May 1993 and finally to WGN Midday News upon its expansion outside of its longtime 12:00 p.m. Central slot into the preceding hour in October 2008.) Various morning news efforts by WGN-TV were also shown on the national feed, including a traditional half-hour morning newscast, Chicago's First Report (which aired from May to December 1984), its original weekend morning news venture (which debuted in August 1992, with a Saturday edition that ran until its cancellation in December 1998 and a Sunday edition that ran until its cancellation and displacement by The Bozo Super Sunday Show 1994 yil sentyabrda[142][143]), and the weekday WGN Tong Yangiliklari (which aired nationally beginning at its debut on September 7, 1994). The WGN Tong Yangiliklari became the first WGN-TV newscast to be denied clearance on or removed from the national feed, with its removal from the lineup following the September 13, 1996, broadcast reportedly being due to self-imposed exclusivity restrictions concerning the newscast's paid segments and rate charges that the station's sales department – which negotiates the appearance and the terms for those segments – would have to pay if the segments aired nationally. (The discontinuance of the morning news simulcast also accommodated the then-newly-launched Kids' WB weekday morning block, which the national feed originally intended to air alongside the block's existing weekday afternoon hour.)
The national feed also served as one of two cable distributors – along with Ta'lim kanali, which aired the program for the final four years of its run – for the Mustaqil tarmoq yangiliklari (KARVONSAROY) (later retitled INN: The Independent News in September 1984 and AQSh bugun kechqurun in January 1987), a Tribune-syndicated national news effort originating from then-New York sister station WPIX that premiered on June 9, 1980 as a weeknightly prime time broadcast. (KARVONSAROY would expand to include weekend editions beginning on October 4, 1980, followed by the launch of a Midday Edition, which ran from October 5, 1981 until September 6, 1985.)[144][145][146] Tribune Broadcasting discontinued production of the program – by then known as AQSh bugun kechqurun and aired as both part of WGN-TV's hybrid local-national 9:00 p.m. news format of the period and as a standalone overnight rebroadcast – after the June 4, 1990, edition, as a byproduct of a collaborative agreement between Tribune and the Turner Broadcasting System in which the Tribune stations were granted access to CNN Newsource content and began feeding video footage to the CNN video wire service.[147][148]
From the implementation of the SyndEx rules in January 1990 until September 2014, the simulcasts of WGN-TV's midday and nightly 9:00 p.m. newscasts were occasionally preempted on the WGN national feed if either clearance issues that prevented a game telecast (usually a Bulls game shown exclusively on the Chicago signal) that was scheduled to start at or run past 9:00 p.m. Central Time shown locally from being aired over the national feed, a WGN-TV Cubs or White Sox game telecast started on WGN America at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Time or – with the exception of a period from September 13, 2010[149] until May 2013, when it filled the prime time lineup with sitcom reruns – movies shown only over the national channel were scheduled to run past the 9:00 p.m. Central slot.
Although WGN-TV began to adopt a news-intensive schedule in September 2008 as part of a broader local news expansion amongst Tribune Broadcasting's Fox and news-producing CW stations, WGN America never cleared any of the newscasts – specifically, the concurring expansion of the midday newscast to 11:30 a.m. (Central) and launch of a half-hour early-evening newscast on September 15, 2008 (the former of which would eventually be expanded to 11:00 [Central] locally on October 5, 2009, while the latter was gradually expanded into what would become a two-hour-long broadcast by September 8, 2014 and accompanied by weekend editions that premiered on July 12 of that year)[150][151][152][153] and the second incarnation of its weekend morning newscast (added locally as an hour-long broadcast on October 2, 2010[154]) – that WGN-TV added up until the start of WGN America's conversion into a conventional cable channel. 2008 yildan 2014 yilgacha WGN-TV telekanallari har bir milliy televizion yangiliklar boshida WGN America simulcast-ga murojaat qilishdi; gacha To'qqizda WGN yangiliklari simulcast olib tashlandi, ushbu ma'lumotnomalar yangiliklar dasturining hafta oxiri nashrlaridan chiqarib tashlandi va u milliy lentada namoyish etilishi mumkin bo'lmagan holatlarda.
Dastlabki va sotib olingan dasturlarni joylashtirish uchun kanalni WGN-TV-dan ajratish doirasida, WGN America 2014 yil davomida WGN-TV yangiliklar simulkalarini o'z dasturidan olib tashlay boshladi. yangiliklar simulcast 2014 yil 30-yanvardagi nashrdan so'ng to'xtatildi, uning sherigi yakshanba sportining asosiy dasturi Tezkor takroriy ijro - 1988 yil avgustida dasturning WGN-TV debyuti bilan milliy miqyosda efirga uzatishni boshlagan - so'nggi marta 26 yanvarda to'rt kun oldin milliy miqyosda namoyish etilgan; Shunga ko'ra, kanal WGN-TV yangiliklar bo'limi va ko'plab bosh meteorologlar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan ba'zi maxsus kanallarni efirga uzatishni to'xtatdi. Tom Skilling Odatda, yangiliklarning yarim soatlik qisqartirilgan nashrlaridan so'ng efirga uzatiladigan ob-havo sharoiti.[155] "Tribune Broadcasting" bosh direktori Mett Cherniss, yangiliklarning olib tashlanishi tomoshabinlar bilan bog'liq har qanday muammoga olib kelishini kutmaganligini aytgan bo'lsa-da, AQShning boshqa joylarida yashovchi ba'zi sobiq Chikago aholisining harakatlarini ma'qullamasligi natijasida Facebook Chikago hududidagi yangiliklardan xabardor bo'lmaslik xavotirlarini keltirib, efirga uzatishni WGN America dasturiga qaytarishni so'ragan sahifa.[156] WGN America-dan muntazam yangiliklar simulyatsiyasi tushdan keyin olib tashlandi WGN Midday News 2014 yil 13-dekabrda, kanalni cheklangan asosiy dasturlash darajalarida olib boradigan ba'zi bir kabel provayderlari ish kunining ertalabki yangiliklar dasturining dastlabki ikki soatini simulyatsiya qilishni davom ettirgan bo'lsalar-da, kanal 2014 yil 3-fevralda, 4-sonli qo'shimchalar bilan tozalashni boshladi Eshittirish soat 00: 00 (Markaziy) soat, 2014 yil 15 dekabrda soat 5:00 CT soat qo'shilgan - vaqt oralig'ida tashish shartnomalariga o'zgartirishlar kiritilgunga qadar milliy WGN kengaytirilgan asosiy darajalariga o'tishga imkon beradi. (Pullik segmentlari bo'yicha cheklovlar tufayli soat 6:00 dan 10:00 gacha CT bloki o'chirilmadi, ammo soat 05:00 da ba'zi bozorlarda namoyish etilishi cheklangan va pullik dasturlash bilan almashtirilgan.)
Boshqa WGN-TV dasturlari
"To'liq signalli" tashish uchun tozalangan mahalliy va milliy xurofot kanallari, boshqa yangiliklardan tashqari va jamoat ishlariga asoslangan mahalliy dasturlarning WGN America-ning 2014 yil dekabrida an'anaviy kabel tarmog'i sifatida qayta tuzilishidan oldin ikkala kanal ham birgalikda foydalanadigan dasturlaridan tashqari. mahalliy bolalar dasturlarini o'z ichiga olgan Bozo shou (1960 yil 20 iyunda WGN-TV-da namoyish etilgan va 1978 yil noyabridan to 41 yillik ijrosi 2001 yil 14 iyulda yakunlanganiga qadar turli xil mujassamlashuvlarida milliy kanal orqali efirga uzatilgan) va Rey Reyner va uning do'stlari (1962 yilda WGN-TV-da namoyish qilingan va 1978 yil noyabridan milliy lentada namoyish etilgan animatsion shortilar, badiiy hunarmandchilik, hayvonot, fan va tomoshabinlarning pochta segmentlarini o'z ichiga olgan 1980 yildagi Chikago signallari to'xtatilguniga qadar turli xil seriyalar.[157]) va oilaviy filmlar namoyishi Oilaviy klassikalar (1962 yil 14 sentyabrda WGN-TV-da namoyish etilgan va dasturning asl nusxasi tugaguniga qadar mahalliy va milliy kanallarda namoyish etilgan. 25 dekabr, 2000[158]).
WGN-TV-ning xurofotlari orqali milliy ekspozitsiya o'zgarishga yordam berdi Bozo shou ning eng taniqli takrorlanishiga Bozo franchayzing.[159][160][161] Natijada, mashhurlikning eng yuqori cho'qqisida, shou studiyasi tomoshabinlari uchun chiptalarni zaxiralash Chikago bozori tomoshabinlari va Chikago bozori tashqarisidagi ba'zi tomoshabinlar tomonidan qilingan rezervasyonlar orqali o'n yillik orqaga surib qo'ydi. (WGN-TV menejmenti 1990 yilda kutish ro'yxatini to'xtatadi va tanlov uslubidagi sovg'alar orqali chiptalarni berishni boshladi).[162][163][164]
WGN America shuningdek, WGN mahalliy dasturlash bo'limi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan boshqa dasturlarni simulcast orqali yoki kechiktirilgan holda efirga uzatdi, masalan mahalliy paradlar, voqealarni yoritish va WGN-TV o'tmishidagi retrospektiv shoular (shu jumladan McDonald's shukrona kuni paradi (2007 yildan 2014 yilgacha Chikago festival assotsiatsiyasi bilan mahalliy translyatsiya / milliy simulcast shartnomasi asosida efirga uzatilgan),[165] Chikagodagi Avliyo Patrik kuni parad (1979 yildan 2002 yilgacha namoyish qilingan), Chikago avtoulovi (1979 yildan 1992 yilgacha va yana 1999 yildan 2002 yilgacha), Bud Billiken paradi (1979 yildan 2011 yilgacha) va Bozo, Gar va Rey: WGN TV klassiklari (WGN-TV-ning retrospektiv maxsus xronikasi, uchta bolalar uchun imzolangan dasturlari, Bozo shou, Garfild G'oz va uning do'stlari va Rey Reyner va uning do'stlari 2006 yilda namoyish etilgan). Milliy tarqatish, shuningdek, Chikagoning Shimoliy Markazi mahallasida joylashgan WGN-TV studiyasida ishlab chiqarilgan sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlarning ta'sirlanishiga va murakkab tarqalishiga yordam berdi. Donaxu (ishlab chiqarishni. ga ko'chirgan Stritervil WBBM-TV studiyalari 1982 yil yanvar oyida WGN-TV studiyasida sakkiz yildan so'ng stantsiyaning milliy aloqasi va Multimedia ko'ngilochar dasturni boshqa tijorat telekanallariga sotish bo'yicha harakatlar),[166] The AQSh fermer xo'jaliklarining hisoboti (bu Bredli Pleys zavodidan 1975 yilda qishloq xo'jaligi dasturining milliy sindikatsiya debyutidan ishlab chiqarishga o'tgunga qadar paydo bo'lgan Saut-Bend, Indiana Farm Bureau Journal jurnalining ishlab chiqarish bo'limi 2008 yilda ishlamay qolgan Tribune Entertainment-dan tarqatish huquqini olganidan keyin) va Kinolarda (bu ob'ekt 1982 yildan 1990 yilgacha ishlab chiqarilgan va mezbonlik qilgan Gen Siskel va Rojer Ebert qadar Tribune Entertainment bilan 1986 yilgi shartnoma mojarosi ularning ko'chib ketishiga olib keldi Buena Vista televizion kanali rivojlantirmoq Siskel va Ebert va filmlar ).
WGN America avval ham jonli efirda namoyish etilgan Illinoys lotereyasi natijalari, natijada AQShning yagona lotereyasi bo'lib, ularning rasmlari, shu jumladan ko'p yurisdiktsiyali o'yinlar milliy miqyosda namoyish etildi. 1978-yil noyabridan boshlab Chikagodagi Shimoliy Markaz studiyalarida o'tkazilgan jonli rasmlar dastlab yarim soat payshanba kuni kechqurun efirga uzatildi (keyin Ray Rayner tomonidan o'tkazildi) va kundalik o'yinning kiritilishi bilan qisqa, kunlik rasmlarga o'tdi. (hozirda Pick 3) 1980 yil fevralda, mahalliy lotereya huquqlari 1984 yil dekabrda WFLDga o'tguncha davom etdi; 1987 yil yanvar oyida Chikago hududidagi WGN-TV-ga qaytganidan keyin chizmalar milliy lentaga qaytdi va lotereya huquqlari 1992 yil dekabrda mahalliy ravishda WBBM-TV-ga o'tguniga qadar ikkala lentada ham efirni davom ettirdi. (SyndEx qoidalari amalga oshirilgandan so'ng, vaqti-vaqti bilan kechqurun rasmlarni WGN milliy tasmasiga nisbatan sportni rasmiylashtirishga cheklovlar qo'yilganda kechiktirilgan soat 21: 00dagi yangilik bilan bog'liq bo'lgan imtiyozga bo'ysunadi), Lotereya o'zining jonli oqshom telestastalarini WGN mahalliy va milliy kanallari 1994 yil 1 yanvarda soat 21: 22da efirga uzatilgan Asosiy vaqtdagi yangiliklar simulyatsiyasi paytida KT; Pick 3 va Pick 4 uchun tushlikdagi rasmlar 1994 yil 20-dekabrda kiritilgandan so'ng qo'shilgan. (12:40 da rasmlar WGN-ning ish kunlari peshin yangiliklari paytida namoyish qilingan, shanba kuni esa odatda dasturlash o'rnini bosganligi sababli milliy miqyosda jonli namoyish qilinmagan; ammo, agar chizmalarning belgilangan muddatlarida efirga uzatiladigan yangiliklar oldindan bo'shatilgan yoki ikkala WGN-TV tomonidan taqdim etilmagan bo'lsa va WGN America rejalashtirilgan qur'a tashlash vaqtida, g'olib raqamlar o'rniga to'liq ekran yoki pastki uchinchi grafik sifatida ko'rsatildi.[167][168][169][170] The Ayova lotereyasi Kanalning keng tarqalishi natijasida Illinoysning lotereya raqamlaridan o'zining kundalik Pick 3 va Pick 4 o'yinlari uchun foydalangan bu davlat 2014 yil aprel oyiga qadar WGN milliy lotereya chizmalarini tashish bosqichining davom etishiga to'g'ri keladi.[171][172])
Jonli ravishda chizilgan natijalardan tashqari, WGN milliy tasmasi har hafta WGN-TV-da namoyish etilgan ikkita lotereyada ishlab chiqarilgan o'yin namoyishlarini o'tkazdi: $ 100,000 Fortune Hunt (1989 yil 16 sentyabrdan 1992 yil 19 dekabrgacha va 1994 yil 8 yanvardan 2 iyulgacha efirga uzatilgan)[173][169] va uning vorisi, Illinoysning tezkor boyliklari (keyinchalik qayta nomlanishi mumkin edi) Illinoyslik eng omadli 1998 yilda va 1994 yil 9 iyuldan 2000 yil 21 oktyabrgacha mahalliy va milliy kanallarda efirga uzatilgan).[174] WGN America shuningdek, standart chizilgan translyator sifatida samarali harakat qildi Mega millionlar 1996 yil sentyabr oyida "Katta o'yin" sifatida boshlangan va Powerball - 2010 yil yanvar oyida Illinoys ishtirokchisiga aylanganidan boshlab - lotereyada qatnashadigan davlatlarda, bir nechta shtat lotereyasida chizilgan rasmlari mahalliy stansiya tomonidan namoyish qilinmagan hududlarda. Ikkala o'yin ham o'zlarining tegishli kechalarida (Big Game / Mega Millions uchun seshanba va juma kunlari; Powerball uchun chorshanba va shanba kunlari) soat 22:59 da efirga uzatildi. Sharqiy vaqt, davom etayotgan sport teleko'rsatuvlari bundan mustasno. Pick 3, Pick 4, Lotto qo'shimcha tortishish va Lucky Day Lotto (avval Lotto Lotto 2011 yilgacha) hamda Powerball va Mega Millions uchun tungi rasmlar soat 21:00 olib tashlandi. yangiliklar simulcast 2014 yil 31-yanvar kuni, 15-dekabr kuni tushdan keyin chiptalar bilan (Illinoys Lotereyasi lotereya o'zining kunlik rasmlarini faqat 1-oktabr kuni o'z veb-saytiga o'tkazmaguncha Chikago bozorida WGN-TV orqali o'z chizmalarini namoyish etishda davom etdi, 2015 yil, a ga o'tgandan keyin tasodifiy sonlar generatori tuzilishi.)[175][176]
WGN-TV telekanali bilan uzoq yillik hamkorlik orqali Muskul distrofiyasi assotsiatsiyasi (MDA) uning Chikago shahri sifatida Sevgi tarmog'i WGN America xayriya tashkilotining yillik stantsiyasini simulyatsiya qildi Mehnat kuni dam olish kunlari teletarafoni 1979 yildan 2012 yilgacha har sentyabrda (2010 yilgacha bo'lgan 21 soatlik asl formatida, 2011 yilda ishlatilgan olti soatlik oqshom formati va 2012 yilda ishlatilgan faqat uch soatlik asosiy vaqt uchun). O'zining milliy taqsimoti orqali ushbu vaqt oralig'ida WGN tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan teletafonning mahalliy segmentlariga xayr-ehsonlar, shuningdek, tasma olgan AQSh va Kanadaning boshqa qismlarida tomoshabinlar tomonidan va'da qilingan. (Stantsiyada ishlaydigan ko'p qismi uchun - 1994 yil bundan mustasno, chunki o'sha yil Oliy liga Beysbol o'yinchilarining ish tashlashi - WGN-TV Mehnat kuniga bag'ishlangan telemarafonning ayrim qismlarini bayram kunining ikkinchi yarmida o'tkaziladigan Chikagodagi kublar yoki Uayt Soks o'yinlarini o'tkazib yuboradi, ular milliy lentada ham namoyish etilgan.) MDA teletafonning 2012 yilgi nashridan so'ng sindikatlash tarqatilishini tugatdi, bir vaqtning o'zida WGN-TV-ning teletafon va WGN America simulcast-ga bo'lgan huquqlarini tugatish. (Translyatsiya ABC-da 2013 yil sentyabr oyida qayta nomlangan nashr uchun namoyish etilgan ikki soatlik maxsus dasturga aylantirildi MDA kuch-quvvat namoyishi va tadbirning 2014 yil avgust oyida bo'lib o'tgan so'nggi teletranslyatsiyasi.)[177]
Sport dasturlari
Kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh orqali tarqatish uchun WGN-TV signalini United Video-ning yuqoriga ko'tarilishi orqali boshlanganidan boshlab, WGN America o'zining hozirgi sobiq Chikagodagi ota-onasi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va efirga uzatilgan ko'plab sport tadbirlarini o'tkazdi. 1978 yil noyabrdan 2014 yil dekabrgacha milliy kanal barchasini efirga uzatdi Beysbolning oliy ligasi (MLB) o'yinlari Chikagodagi bolalar va Chikago Uayt-Soks, va, mavsumga va huquqiy muammolarga, har xil mavsumga va mavsumga bog'liq ravishda har xil miqdorda Milliy basketbol assotsiatsiyasi (NBA) o'yinlari Chikago Bulls WGN-TV tomonidan mahalliy teletranslyatsiya uchun mo'ljallangan.[178] Biroq, uning professional sport tadbirlarining (shuningdek boshqa milliy va mintaqaviy xurofotlarning) milliy translyatsiyalari 1980 va 1990 yillar davomida ikkita sport ligalari bilan to'qnashuvlarga olib keldi; NBA va MLB bilan komissarlar va ko'plab shaxsiy jamoalar - Kublar, Buqalar va boshqa milliy jamoalar o'zlarining translyatsiyalaridan foydalangan jamoalardan tashqari - sport tadbirlarining xurofotli telestastrlari o'zlarining milliy televizion shartnomalari qiymatini boshqa televidenie bilan kamaytirgan deb da'vo qilishdi. eshittirish va kabel tarmoqlari. WGN-TV-da namoyish etilgan WGN America orqali milliy teleko'rsatuvlardan taqiqlangan sport tadbirlari filmlar yoki sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlar bilan almashtirildi, ammo natijada soat 21:00 da milliy tanlovga olib keldi. milliy taqiqlangan asosiy vaqt o'yinlari vaqt maydoniga o'tib ketgan va Chikago bozori ichidagi yangiliklarni kechiktirgan holatlarda yangiliklar.
1982 yilda NBA milliy bozor tashqarisidagi WGN va boshqa xurofotlarni barcha kabel uylarining kamida 5 foizini o'z milliy kabel sheriklari bilan efirga uzatadigan o'yinlarga zid bo'lgan o'yinlarni efirga uzatishni taqiqlashni boshladi (o'sha paytda, ESPN va AQSh tarmog'i ), 1985 yil iyun oyida xurofotlarga litsenziyalanishi mumkin bo'lgan NBA mavsumiy teletranslyatsiyalari (mavsumning mavjud mahalliy translyatsiya qoidalari bo'yicha 41 ta o'yinning maksimal darajasidan o'n oltitaga kam) bo'yicha mavsum uchun belgilangan 25 ta o'yin chegarasiga qadar kengaytirildi.[179] 1990 yil aprel oyida o'tkazilgan har yilgi superstation litsenziyasiga ega bo'lgan NBA telekanallarining 20 ta o'yinga qisqartirilishi - bu WGN tomonidan Bulls huquqlarini qayta sotib olish (to'rt yillik, WFLD-da mahalliy eksklyuziv operatsiyadan so'ng) va Atlanta Hawks TBS tomonidan televizion huquqlar - bu Bulls ota-onasi Chikago Professional Sports L.P. va Tribune Broadcasting tomonidan fitna va antitrestlik da'vosi bilan boshlangan 5 yillik huquqiy kurashga olib keldi. Illinoysning Shimoliy okrugi uchun AQSh okrug sudi 1990 yil 16 oktyabrda yangi qoidalar buqalarga, ularning muxlislariga va WGN-ga zarar etkazishini da'vo qilgan va "kelgusi besh yil ichida har yili beshta o'yinga ko'paytirib, bunday xurofot telestastrlarini o'chirishga" qaratilgan. (NBA tomonidan berilgan cheklovga binoan antitrestlik qonunchiligidan ozod qilingan) 1961 yilgi Sportni tarqatish to'g'risidagi qonun, bu keyingi qarorlarda faqat milliy o'yin paketini sotish yoki televizor tarmog'iga o'tkazishda qo'llaniladi, ayrim jamoalar ishtirokida emas.)[180][181][182][183] Sudya tomonidan chiqarilgan doimiy buyruqdan boshlab, jarayon davomida ushbu masala bo'yicha bir nechta qaror qabul qilindi Xubert L. Uill 1991 yil 26 yanvarda, NBA superstation litsenziyalash cheklovlarini belgilashda ligaga 25 o'yin siyosatini joriy etishni taqiqlash "juda muhim edi savdoni cheklash "qoidalarini buzgan holda Sherman antitrestlik qonuni, tomonidan ko'rib chiqilgan keyingi apellyatsiyalar bo'yicha qaror o'z kuchida qoldi Ettinchi tuman apellyatsiya sudi (1991 yil 14 aprelda) va AQSh Oliy sudi (1991 yil 5-noyabrda) va Uill tomonidan Shimoliy Illinoys okrug sudida (1995 yil 6-yanvarda), ikkinchisi "buqalar va xoklarning xurofot bilan yoritilishi aslida jamoatchilikning katta qiziqishini oshirishga yordam bergan bo'lishi mumkinligini aniqladi" deb ta'kidladi. NBA basketbolida. "[184][185][186][187][183][188]
Har bir murojaat davomida NBA, WGN-TV va Bulls bilan advokatlar WGN Chikago va xurofot kanallari o'rtasida kamida 30 ta o'yinni televidenie orqali namoyish qilishga ruxsat berishga kelishib oldilar. 1992–93 va 1995–96 fasllar; 1995 yilgi murojaat bo'yicha, NBA har yili efirga uzatiladigan mualliflik huquqi uchun 2 million dollardan ko'proq pul olganligini hisobga olib, har bir o'yin translyatsiyasi uchun taxminan 40 000 dollar miqdorida (NBA tomonidan so'raladigan litsenziyalash uchun to'lov o'rniga) ($ 100,000 miqdorida) to'lashga ruxsat berildi. WGN's Bulls translyatsiyasidan.[183][189][190][191] Ettinchi Apellyatsiya sudi bilan sud hay'ati 1996 yil 10 sentyabrda 1992 yil qarorini bekor qildi; Natijada, WGN-TV ushbu mavsumda namoyish etilishi kerak bo'lgan 35 ta Bulls o'yinini bekor qilishni tanladi 1996–97 yilgi mavsum faqat Chikagodagi signal uchun.[192][183][191][193][194] TCI Bulls kompaniyasining milliy cheklovlarini va kelgusida yangilanishni kutayotgan qo'shimcha kabel tarmoqlariga joy ajratish to'g'risida o'z qarorini keltirdi. boshcha raqamli kabel xizmatini taqdim etish uchun infratuzilmalar, keyinchalik WGN milliy kanalini AQSh tizimidan Chikago bozoridan tashqarida olib tashlash to'g'risida qaror qabul qilganligi uchun, hatto milliy ozuqaning olib tashlanishi Cubs va White Sox o'yinlariga kirishni kamaytirsa ham, u efirga uzatishni davom ettiradi va teshiklarni yaratadi. Jahon bankining ko'plab o'rta va kichik bozorlarda milliy qamrovi. 1997 yil mart oyiga qadar butun mamlakat bo'ylab 3,5 millionga yaqin TCI abonentlari WGN milliy tasmasiga kirish huquqini yo'qotdilar, ta'sirlangan ba'zi TCI tizimlari 1998 yil oxirigacha o'z kanallari qatoriga WGN-ni tiklamadilar, chunki Tribune va United Video tomonidan TBS-dan foydalanish. superstation feed-ning milliy taqsimotini yanada kengaytirish orqali gibrid asosiy kabel tarmog'iga aylantirish; ammo, ba'zi abonentlarning ushbu qarorga nisbatan tanqidlari TCIni Illinoys, Indiana, Ayova, Viskonsin va boshqa joylardagi xurofotlarni yo'q qilish rejalarini bekor qilishga olib keldi. Michigan.[195][196][197][198][199][200][201] 1996 yil 12 dekabrda Bulls va WGN NBA bilan kelishuvga erishdilar, bu esa WGN-TV-ga 1996-97 yilgi mavsumda liganing 41 o'yinlik maksimal translyatsiyasini (35 ta o'yin faqat Chikago signalida efirga uzatiladigan efirda) efirga uzatishga ruxsat berdi. va mahalliy va xurofot kanallarida namoyish etiladigan o'n ikkita boshqalar). Dan 1997–98 yilgi mavsum bundan keyin xurofot kanalida efirga uzatiladigan o'yinlar soni yiliga 15 taga etdi. Tomonlar, shuningdek, NBA-ning xurofot solig'ini daromadlarni taqsimlash modeli bilan almashtirishga kelishib oldilar, unga ko'ra NBA milliy WGN telekanallaridan yig'ilgan barcha reklama daromadlarining 50 foizini yig'adi. Shu bilan birga, cheklovlar, WGN milliy tasmasi orqali namoyish qilinadigan "Bulls" ning ayrim o'yinlari raqib jamoaning belgilangan bozoridagi televizion provayderlar uchun mavjud emasligiga olib keldi, agar o'yin milliy tarmoq, mahalliy telekanal yoki mintaqaviy sport tarmog'i.[202][203]
Shunga o'xshash aniq jazo choralari MLB komissari Fay Vinsent beysbol bo'yicha Oliy Ligadagi superstation teledasturlarini cheklash, shu jumladan FCC-ga takroriy bo'lmagan qoidalarida kabel tizimlarini "superstation" litsenziyali jonli sport translyatsiyalarini o'chirishga majbur qilish uchun "tarmoq dasturi" ni qanday belgilashini o'zgartirish to'g'risida iltimosnomalar. Kongress Mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun litsenziyasining majburiy tartibini bekor qilganligi uchun[204][205][206][207] - natijada uning 1992 yil iyul oyida Chikagodagi kublarni ko'chirish to'g'risidagi buyrug'i qabul qilindi Sent-Luis kardinallari uchun G'arb milliy ligasi va Atlanta Braves (keyin TBS orqali ham uzatiladi) va Cincinnati Reds ) uchun Milliy liga Sharq dan boshlab 1993 yilgi mavsum. Bravesning WTBS va WGN telekanallarining teledasturlari bo'lsa ham Amerika ligasi White Sox hech qanday katta ta'sirga duch kelmagan bo'lar edi, chunki ikkala jamoa ham ko'p yillar davomida G'arbiy Sohilning ko'plab o'yinlarida qatnashishgan, bu harakatni ba'zilar to'g'ridan-to'g'ri WGN-ni nishonga olish sifatida ko'rishgan. Tribuna vakillari Vinsentni konferentsiya yo'nalishini o'z harakatlarida va ba'zi MLB jamoalari egalarida xurofotlarga qarshi sport musobaqalarining mavjudligini susaytirganlikda, WGN-TV o'zining Cubs teletranslyatsiyasidan tushgan daromadga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatishda xavotirda bo'lganlikda aybladilar - bu kublar rad etishdi. agar u boshqalarga qarshi o'yinlarning ko'paygan sonini o'tkazishga majbur bo'lsa - bu tuzilishga qarshi chiqqani uchun uning fikrining bir qismi Tinch okean mintaqasi - mamlakatning sharqiy yarmida kechqurun boshlangan G'arbiy diviziya jamoalari va agar stantsiya uni kechki soat 9: 00dan keyin kechiktirishi kerak bo'lsa, asosiy vaqt yangiliklari uchun mahalliy reklama daromadlari. Kechroq beysbol boshlangani sababli Markaziy vaqt tez-tez uchraydi. Tribuna a bilan javob berdi shartnomani buzish Vinsentga qarshi da'vo qayta tayinlanish uchun o'z vakolatidan chetga chiqdi. AQSh okrug sudyasi Suzanna B. Konlon 1992 yil 23 iyuldagi dastlabki qarori bilan Tribuna va Cubs tarafida bo'lib, Vinsent 18-9-1 da MLB komissari sifatida ovoz berishidan olti hafta oldin. ishonchsizlik harakati 4 sentyabr kuni jamoa egalari orasida va keyingi ovoz berishdan keyin ikki kun o'tgach uning iste'fosi.[208][209][210][211][212]
Liganing eksklyuziv milliy translyatsiya shartnomalarini himoya qilish uchun NHL tomonidan translyatsiya huquqlari cheklanganligi sababli (xususan, uning uzoq yillik shartnomasi ESPN bu ligaga qadar davom etdi 2007–08 yilgi mavsum va muvaffaqiyatli qo'shma eshittirish-kabel shartnomasi bilan NBCUniversal bilan boshlangan 2008-09 yilgi mavsum ), WGN America-ni olib yurish taqiqlandi Milliy xokkey ligasi (NHL) o'yinlari Chikago Blekxouks - Chikagodagi yagona yirik professional sport franshizasi, ularning doimiy WGN-TV televideniesi o'yinlari avvalgi xurofot kanalidan to'liq taqiqlangan - mahalliy Chikago signallari boshlanishi bilan efirga uzatila boshlandi. 2007–08 yilgi mavsum. Sportni WGN America dasturidan butunlay olib tashlash to'g'risida qaror qabul qilinishidan oldin ham, kanal Chikagodagi signalda namoyish etilgan ba'zi sportga oid dasturlarni namoyish qilmaslikni tanlagan, masalan, Blackhawksning g'alaba paradidan keyin. 2010 yil Stenli Kubogi chempioni va marhum Cubs o'yinchisi va translyatoriga yarim soatlik maxsus to'lov Ron Santo yilda 2011. (Tegishli holatlarda, WGN-TV-ning "Santu" ni yoritishi dafn marosimi efirda raqamli subkanallar Tribuna va uning sherik guruhiga tegishli tanlangan stantsiyalar Mahalliy televidenie, esa NHL tarmog'i Chikago signalining "Blackhawks" ning g'alaba paradini taqdim etgan simulkastini taqdim etdi.)
Tarmoqning xurofotdan umumiy ko'ngilochar kabel kanaliga aylanishining bir qismi sifatida, 2014 yil 30-may kuni Tribune WGN America WGN-TV-dan kelib chiqqan Chikagodagi Cubs, Bulls va White Sox o'yinlari teletranslyatsiyalarini oxirigacha bekor qilishini e'lon qildi. o'sha yil. O'sha paytda Tribune Media prezidenti va bosh ijrochi direktori Piter Liguori milliy simulyastiyalardan ularning shartnomaviy xarajatlariga nisbatan cheklangan daromad va tomoshabinlar sonining cheklanganligini aytdi - daromadlar huquq to'lovlarining atigi 20 foizini qoplagan - milliy telekanallarni bekor qilish qarori ortida. . "Tribuna" jamoani sotganidan keyin kublar tomonidan bir necha mavsum pastki o'yin o'ynadi Tomas S. Rikkets 2009 yil oxirida ham bunga ta'sir ko'rsatdi, chunki jamoaning televizion to'plami faqat huquqlar uchun to'lovlar uchun milliy eshittirishlar uchun tushadigan daromaddan besh baravar ko'p turadi. (Qizig'i shundaki, ikki mavsumdan so'ng, kublar katta burilish yasashdi va so'nggi o'n yilliklardagi eng kuchli mavsumni o'tkazdilar va birinchi g'alabani qo'lga kiritishdi Jahon seriyasi 1908 yildan beri chempionat. WGN America Cubs-ni efirga uzatadi Jahon seriyasi 2016 yil 4-noyabrdagi g'alaba paradi.)[213] WGN America-da efirga uzatiladigan WGN Sports tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan so'nggi teledastur Bulls va the o'rtasidagi musobaqa bo'ldi Oltin shtat jangchilari, Chikagoda bo'lib o'tdi Birlashgan markaz, 2014 yil 6-dekabrda. (Chikagoda, WGN-TV 2019 yil davomida Cubs, White Sox, Bulls and Blackhawks-ga teletranslyatsiya huquqini bekor qildi va to'rtinchi jamoa qaror qabul qilgandan so'ng, 28-sentabr kuni "White Sox" ning so'nggi teletranslyatsiyasi bilan yakunlandi. ularning teleko'rsatuvlari kabel orqali eksklyuziv; Cubs o'z o'yinlarini Marquee sport tarmog'i, 2020 yil bahorida ishga tushiriladigan Sinclair bilan qo'shma korxona NBC Sports Chikago dan boshlab White Sox, Bulls and Blackhawks-ga eksklyuziv huquqlarni qabul qilishni boshlaydi 2019–20 buqalar mavsumi.)
WGN Sports tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan aksariyat teledasturlar o'z jadvalidan olib tashlanganidan keyin ham, WGN America ba'zi bir sport tadbirlarini milliy ta'sirga ega efirga uzatishda davom etdi, shu jumladan Los-Anjeles marafoni opa-singil bekatidan KTLA (KTLA translyatsiyasini o'tkazish uchun Los-Anjeles bozorida qoraytirilgan) va Illinoysda joylashgan ot poygasi har qanday kishi uchun tayyorgarlik poygasi bo'lib xizmat qiladigan voqealar Zotli poyga bo'yicha katta dubulg'a kabi milliy televizion bitimga ega emas, masalan Arlington million (tarixiy ravishda WGN America-da efirga uzatilgan yillar davomida NBC Sports tadbirni translyatsiya qilmaydi).
Yuqori aniqlikdagi ozuqa
WGN America HD a yuqori aniqlik WGN America-ning simulcast tasmasi 1080i, HD formatidagi barcha dasturlarda formatda mavjud. Standart aniqlikdagi signal provayderning bosh qismida HD signalidan pastga tushiriladi.
Mavjudligi
WGN America ko'p kanalli televizion provayderlarda (shu jumladan kabel, sun'iy yo'ldosh, IPTV va boshqalar) mavjud optik tolali - asoslangan xizmatlar) Qo'shma Shtatlar ichida. Shu bilan birga, kanalning ba'zi qismlarida tarqalishi davom etmoqda (sun'iy yo'ldosh tarqatishidan tashqari) G'arbiy Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari va ko'p Yangi Angliya mintaqa. Bundan tashqari, Nexstar tomonidan guruh sotib olinishi yopilishidan oldin Tribune Broadcasting televizion stantsiyasiga ega bo'lgan turli xil bozorlardagi ba'zi bir ko'p kanalli provayderlar WGN America-ni o'z ichiga olmaydi. Xususan, kanalning qismlarida mavjud emas edi Nyu-York shahrining metropoliteni (sobiq WPIX opa-singil stantsiyasining uy bozori) 2016 yil 15 yanvargacha, Cablevision (hozirda) Altice AQSh ) WGN America-ni kengroq bitimning bir qismi sifatida olib borishni boshladi, shu bilan birga Cablevision kompaniyasining o'sha paytdagi sho''ba korxonasi Cablevision Systems Corporation Tribune Media-ning 2,8% egalik ulushini sotib oldi. Newsday Holdings.[214] In Chikago metropoliteni, WGN America yaqin hududga xizmat ko'rsatadigan uchta yirik kabel televideniye provayderlari tomonidan amalga oshiriladi (Comcast Xfinity, RCN va VOY-BUY! ), WGN-TV eshittirish signalidan tashqari. 2014 yil dekabr oyida asosiy kanalga aylantirishdan oldin Chikago aholisi WGN America-ni faqat Dish Network va DirecTV sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlari orqali olishlari mumkin edi.[98][99]
Xurofotga aylanganidan beri WGN America vaqti-vaqti bilan Tribune Media's-da nishonga olingan qayta uzatish roziligi kabel va sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlari bilan begona aktiv sifatida muzokaralar olib borishdi, chunki ular kamroq pul to'lashni xohlashadi, chunki kanalning aksariyat dasturlari boshqa efirga uzatiladigan va kabel orqali ishlab chiqarilgan tarmoqlarga ham singdirilgan. (2019 yilga misollar[yangilash] o'z ichiga oladi Moviy qonlar [u ham efirga uzatiladi Ion Televizion ], Qotillik, u yozgan [efirga uzatildi Hallmark filmlari va sirlari ], Oxirgi odam [efirga uzatildi CMT va translyatsiya sindikatida], va Tunning issiqligida [efirga uzatildi MeTV va Tribuna-ga tegishli ushbu televizor].) Shartnoma shartlari bo'yicha kelishmovchiliklar kelib chiqishiga olib keldi Xartiya aloqalari provayder tomonidan xizmat ko'rsatiladigan bozorlarga litsenziyalangan WGN America va Tribune-ga qarashli televizion stantsiyalarni undan olib tashlash Spektr 2019 yil yanvar oyida to'qqiz kun davomida butun mamlakat bo'ylab tizimlar, Spectrum-da, Tribuna stantsiyalari tomonidan tortib olinadigan o'chirish paytida kanallar orqali ko'rsatiladigan pastadir xabarida - WGN America-ni himoya qilish uchun "juda kam odam tomosha qiladigan" tarmoq deb atashadi. muzokaralardagi ularning pozitsiyasi.[215][216]
Kanadada tarqatish
1985 yil aprel oyida, Kanada radio-televizion va telekommunikatsiya komissiyasi (CRTC) WGN-TV va boshqa amerikalik xurofotlarning WTBS, WOR-TV va WPIX signallari sifatida qayta uzatilishi uchun tasdiqlangan. chet el xizmatlari ichida joylashgan ko'p kanalli televizion provayderlar tomonidan Kanada. Dastlabki 1983 yilda amalga oshirilgan CRTC bilan bog'lanish qoidalari bo'yicha, provayderlardan AQShda joylashgan dastur xizmatlarini taklif qilishlari shart ixtiyoriy darajalar Kanada xizmatlariga bog'langan, WGN-TV / WGN America va AQShning boshqa vakolatli xurofotlari odatda bir yoki bir nechta mahalliy premium xizmatlarning bo'lajak obunachilariga sotilgan - masalan. Krave (avval "Birinchi tanlov" va "Filmlar tarmog'i"), Starz (avval Moviepix va The Movie Network Encore), Super kanal, Super Ekran va G'arbiy Kanada - asosli mintaqaviy to'lov xizmatlari Markaziy film (Superkanal nomining asl foydalanuvchisi, endi bekor qilingan) va Encore avenyu (endi bekor qilingan). Shu bilan birga, ba'zi provayderlar WGN-ni tegishli darajadagi qoidaga binoan taqdim etishni tanladilar, bu esa provayder tanlagan xurofotni premium bo'lmagan pog'onada o'tkazishga imkon beradi. (Shu paytdan boshlab KWGN-TV CRTC tomonidan tashish huquqiga ega bo'lsa ham, Denver singil stantsiyasi Kanadadagi ko'p kanalli televizion provayderlarda ishlamaydi.)[217][218][219]
1990 yil yanvar oyida Sindeks qoidalarini davlat tomonidan amalga oshirilgandan so'ng United Video WGN-ning alohida milliy yemini taklif qila boshlagandan so'ng, Kanadaning ko'plab kabel provayderlari Chikagodagi signalni xurofot bilan to'ldirishni boshladilar. (Mamlakatning sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderlari orasida Star Choice [hozir Shaw Direct ] sun'iy yo'ldosh provayderining 1994 yilda uchirilishi bilan milliy ozuqani ko'tarishni boshladi; Bell ExpressVu! [hozir Bell sun'iy yo'ldosh televizori ] 1996 yilda ish boshlaganida Chikago hududidagi signalni tarqatishni boshladi.) Tarmoqning milliy ozuqasi sifatida to'rt yillik faoliyati davomida WGN milliy ozuqasi WB tarmoq dasturlarini Kanadaning (asosan, Kanadalik - AQSh chegara ) Amerikaning WB banki joylashgan boshqa filiallarining signallari yetmaydigan joyda; ammo, bir vaqtning o'zida almashtirish qoidalar bir vaqtning o'zida Kanadada joylashgan er usti tarmoqlari tomonidan olib boriladigan JBning ba'zi dasturlariga nisbatan qo'llanilgan (masalan NewNet va A-kanal ).
Kanadaning "Superstation WGN" deb nomlangan tarqatilishi 2007 yil 17 yanvarda, WGN ning Kanadaning asosiy uplink tashuvchisi bo'lganida, sezilarli darajada kamaygan. Shaw Broadcast Services, stansiyaning tarqatilgan ozuqasini Chikagodagi signalga o'tkazdi, bu qaror o'sha paytdagi xurofot ozuqasini tashish uchun litsenziyalash to'lovlarining oshishi natijasida kelib chiqqan deb hisoblaydi. Shunga qaramay, ba'zi provayderlar milliy WGN kanalini o'rniga yoki shunga o'xshash provayderlarda bo'lgani kabi olib borishda davom etishdi. MTS telekanali va Cogeco kabeli - Chikagodagi ozuqa bilan bir qatorda, CW tarmog'ining takrorlanishi va boshqa tarmoqlarda (masalan, KTLA xurofotlari singari xurofotlar kabi) mamlakat ichida mavjud bo'lgan ko'plab sindikatlashtirilgan dasturlar. Boston asoslangan WSBK-TV ). CRTC Chikago stantsiyasining translyatsiya signalini ma'qullagan bo'lsa-da va har qanday mahalliy ko'p kanalli televidenie provayderida tashish uchun milliy kabel uzatmasi, WGN America-ni xurofotdan mustaqil umumiy ko'ngilochar xizmatiga aylantirish va natijada WGN-TV-dan dasturlash ajralib chiqishi Tribune Broadcasting 2014 yil 15-dekabrda e'lon qilishini e'lon qildi 2015 yil 1 yanvardan boshlab WGN America uchun barcha Kanada tarqatish huquqlarini bekor qilish,[220] mahalliy va xorijiy kanallarga umumiy ko'ngilochar dasturiy ta'minot formatini saqlashni taqiqlovchi CRTC tomonidan qo'llaniladigan janrlarni himoya qilish qoidalariga rioya qilish uchun qilingan harakat. Shu bilan birga, Kanadadagi aksariyat provayderlar, shu jumladan WGN America-ga kirish huquqini yo'qotganlarning ba'zilari WGN-TV-ni qabul qilishni davom ettirmoqdalar (bu premium kanal abonentlari uchun qo'shimcha ravishda ilgari ham mavjud edi) NHL markazi muz sport to'plami, birinchi navbatda WGN-TV efirga uzatilgan Chikago Blackhawks o'yinlarining simulkastlari uchun 2018–19 mavsum ), chunki stantsiya hali ham xurofot sifatida ichki tarqatish huquqiga ega.
Shuningdek qarang
WGN America-ning Jahon bankining kabel asosidagi filiali sifatida oldingi tarixi bilan bog'liq holda, quyidagi maqolalarda faqat shu kabi efirga uzatiladigan televizion tarmoqlarning filiallari muhokama qilinadi:
- WB 100+ Station Group - WBN America-ning amaldagi JB o'rnini egallagan AQShning kichik va o'rta bozorlaridagi havo sho''basi bo'lmagan, asosan mahalliy kabel orqali boshqariladigan telekanallardan tashkil topgan JB tomonidan 1998 yil sentyabr oyida tashkil etilgan stantsiya guruhi. ushbu sohalar uchun sheriklik maqomi
- CW Plus - JB 100+ ning vorisi; ilgari WB 100+ Station Group va raqamli ko'p tarmoqli kanallarning filiallari bo'lib xizmat qilgan, faqat kabel orqali ulanadigan rozetkalardan tashkil topgan stantsiya guruhi
- Foxnet - 1991 yildan 2006 yilgacha faoliyat yuritgan, "Fox" filiali bo'lmagan bozorlar uchun faqat shu kabi kabel tarmog'i
- CTV 2 Alberta - ning kabel orqali ishlab chiqarilgan filiali CTV 2 Kanada provinsiyasida Alberta
- CTV 2 Atlantika - shunga o'xshash CTV 2-ning filiali Atlantika Kanada
- Citytv Saskaçevan - kabilarning shunga o'xshash filiali Citytv Kanada provinsiyasidagi televizion tarmoq Saskaçevan
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