Ron Pol 2008 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi - Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign

Ron Pol 2008 yilgi prezident uchun
RonPaulLogo (4138764579) .jpg
KampaniyaAQSh prezident saylovi, 2008 yil
NomzodRon Pol
AQSh vakili Texasdan
(1976–1977)
(1979–1985)
(1997–2013)
TegishliRespublika partiyasi
Holat2007 yil 12 martda e'lon qilingan
2008 yil 12-iyun kuni to'xtatib turilgan
Bosh ofisJekson ko'li, Texas
Asosiy odamlarKent Snayder (Rais, marhum) Lyov Mur (Menejer)
Jessi Benton (Matbuot kotibi)
Kvitansiyalar28 10000 AQSh dollari (2007-12-31)
ShiorAmerika uchun umid
Ron Pol Gage Skidmore 3 (2-hosil) .jpgUshbu maqola haqida ketma-ket qismidir
Ron Pol
AQShning Texas shtatidagi vakili
Prezidentlik kampaniyalari
Nashr etilgan asarlar

Ron Pol signature.svg

Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Vakillar palatasi

The 2008 yil prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti Ron Pol, Kongress a'zosi ning Texas, 2007 yil boshida u o'z nomzodini e'lon qilganida boshlangan 2008 Respublika uchun nomzod Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti. Boshlang'ich ijtimoiy so'rovlar 2007 yilning birinchi uch choragi davomida Pol doimiy ravishda so'ralganlarning 3% yoki undan kamrog'idan qo'llab-quvvatlashini ko'rsatdi. 2008 yilda Polning respublikachi saylovchilarni qo'llab-quvvatlashi bir raqamda qoldi va oldingi pog'onadan ancha orqada qoldi Jon Makkeyn.[1]

2007 yilning to'rtinchi choragi davomida Pol eng muvaffaqiyatli respublikachi bo'ldi mablag 'yig'ish, taxminan 20 million dollar olib keldi.[2][3] Shuningdek, u to'rtinchi chorakda har qanday nomzodning qurolli xizmatidan eng ko'p pul olgan.[4] Uning kampaniyasi mablag 'yig'ish bo'yicha ikkita rekord o'rnatdi: eng katta bir kunlik xayriya jami Respublikachilar nomzodlari orasida va ikki marta eng ko'p pul olganlar Internet Amerika tarixidagi har qanday prezidentlikka nomzod tomonidan bir kun ichida.[5] Polning prezidentlikka nomzodi ham shu bilan qayd etilgan oddiy Internet orqali osonlashtiriladigan ijtimoiy tarmoq.[6] Polning g'ayratli tarafdorlarini ommaviy axborot vositalari ta'kidlab, ularni "Paulites" deb atashdi.[7][8] Pavlus o'z hissasini ko'pini to'qson yetti foizni tashkil etgan shaxslardan oldi; boshqa nomzodlar bilan taqqoslash.[9]

2008 yil 5-fevral holatiga ko'ra Pol o'n oltitasida g'olib chiqqan delegatlar uchun Respublika milliy anjumani, uni o'sha paytgacha poygada qatnashgan to'rtta respublikachilar nomzodlari qatoriga so'nggi joylashtirdi.[10] Kampaniya 6-fevral kuni milliy anjumanda kamida 42 delegatni ta'minlashni rejalashtirgan edi.[11] 2008 yil 4 martda, Jon Makkeyn respublikachi bo'lish uchun etarlicha va'da qilingan delegatlarni ishlab oldi taxmin qilingan nomzod, lekin Pol yugurishni davom ettirishga qaror qildi.[12] Pavlus ozod qilindi Inqilob: Manifest 29 aprelda 2008 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlarida qatnashish tajribasidan kelib chiqadigan fikrlar asosida insholar to'plangan. Kitob 1-raqamga aylandi bestseller siyosiy kitoblar orasida Amazon.com[13] va The New York Times badiiy adabiyotlar ro'yxati.[14]

2008 yil 12-iyun kuni Pol yangi targ'ibot guruhini yaratish uchun qolgan 4,7 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'sarflagan holda prezidentlik kampaniyasini yakunlashini e'lon qildi. Ozodlik uchun kampaniya.[15] U o'zining saylovoldi kampaniyasini to'xtatgan bo'lsa-da, Montanadagi saylov byulletenida paydo bo'ldi[16] va Luiziana[17] 2008 yilgi umumiy saylovlarda. U, shuningdek, ba'zi shtatlarda a yozish nomzod. U 47000 dan ortiq ovoz oldi va saylovda eng ko'p ovoz bergan sakkizinchi ovozni berdi.[18]

Kampaniyani rivojlantirish

Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlardagi prezident saylovlari, 2008 yilgi xronologiya

Bu Ron Polning 2008 yilgi rasmiy kampaniyasi bilan bog'liq voqealar. Mustaqillik bilan bog'liq voqealar uchun oddiy uning atrofida harakatlanish ("Ron Pol inqilobi"), qarang Grassroots kampaniyasi.

2007 yil birinchi choragi

Pavlus a prezident qidiruv qo'mitasi 11 yanvar kuni.[19] Shuningdek, u 19-fevral kuni prezidentlikka nomzodini qo'yishda jamoatchilikning qiziqishi to'g'risida ma'lumot oldi.[20] Tadqiqot qo'mitasi va ovoz berish natijalariga ko'ra, Pol 12-mart kuni rasman poyga ishtirok etdi.[20][21]

Fevral oyida CNN shahar telefoni ijtimoiy so'rov, Pol, shuningdek, eng kam ism tanilgan nomzod edi Jon H. Koks.[22] 20 mart kuni Pol imzoladi Amerika ozodligi kun tartibi Garov.[23][24]

2007 yil ikkinchi choragi

2007 yil 30 iyunda, yilda Des Moines, Ayova, Soliq imtiyozlari uchun Ayova va Ayova Xristian alyansi Demokratik partiyadan barcha nomzodlarni va Poldan tashqari respublikachilar partiyasidan prezidentlikka barcha nomzodlarni prezidentlikka nomzodlar forumiga taklif qildi. Olti nomzod paydo bo'ldi: Mitt Romni, Sem Braunbek, Jim Gilmor, Mayk Xekabi, Tommi Tompson va Tom Tankredo.[25] Iyul oyida, The New York Times Polning "xabari Amerika odob-axloqining eng ezgu an'analariga va vatanparvarlik."[26]

2007 yil uchinchi choragi

Pavlus ishtirok etdi Ames somonidan so'rovnoma Amesda, Ayova 11 avgust kuni u 9,1 foiz ovoz olgan 11 nomzod orasida beshinchi o'rinni egalladi.[27][28] Jon Foutning so'zlariga ko'ra, TheStreet.com saytida Pol Ayovaga bor-yo'g'i uch marotaba sayohat qilganidan so'ng, ovoz berishdan bir hafta oldin e'lonlarni e'lon qilgani va Tommi Tompsonni mag'lub etgani uchun 9 foizdan ko'proq ovoz olib, "Ayovada odamlarni hayratga soldi". Ayovaning barcha 99 ta okruglarida bo'ldi.[29] Somon so'rovnomasi natijalari haqida bergan intervyusida ikkinchi o'rinni egallagan hamkasb nomzod Mayk Xakabi, Ron Pol nomzodning o'zi uni milliy miqyosda engib o'tishi ehtimoli yuqori bo'lganligini aytdi va "Men uni kuzataman" dedi.[30]

Somon so'rovi paytida uning tarafdorlari paradni tashkil qilish uchun yig'ildilar, ularning ko'pchiligi mustamlakachilik kostyumlari va davul va beshta asboblar, bayroqlar va boshqa narsalarni ISU maydonida soatlab oldinga va orqaga ko'tarib, keyinchalik ko'pchilikda ishlatilishi kerak edi. aksiya davomida yurishlar va tadbirlar.

2007 yil to'rtinchi chorak

25 oktyabrda uning tarafdorlari o'rtasida yilligini nishonlash bo'yicha ishlar boshlandi Boston choyxonasi, TeaParty07.com veb-saytidan boshlab.[31] Mitingni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Pol tarafdorlari kuzatuvchilarga saylov kampaniyasi xabarlarini namoyish etish uchun blimp sotib olishdi.[32] 2007 yil 16 dekabrda Pol tarafdorlari Boston Makoni ichiga "Zolimlik" va "yozuvli bannerlarni tashlash orqali choyni tashlashni qayta kuchaytirishdi.vakilliksiz soliq solinmaydi portdagi qutilarga.[33] Uning tarafdorlari, shuningdek, Choy partiyasini qayta namoyish etish doirasida bir nechta boshqa shaharlarda to'plandilar, shu jumladan Strasburg, Frantsiya, Santa-Monika, Kaliforniya, Maui, Gavayi va Freeport va Ostin, Texas.[34][35] Polning o'zi "Iroq urushi" deb nomlangan bochkani Texas shtatining Freeport shahrida joylashgan Choy partiyasini qayta namoyish qilish joyiga tashlagan.[36] Ostin politsiya bo'limi Ostin choy partiyasida 2000 dan 3000 gacha qatnashuvchilarni taxmin qilmoqda.[34][35][37]

Polning birinchi yirik televizion kampaniyasi 8-noyabrda boshlanib, umumiy qiymati 1,1 million AQSh dollarini tashkil qildi, Nyu-Xempshirda reklama boshlandi.[38]

2007 yil Noyabr oyi o'rtalarida "Operation: Live Free or Die", Nyu-Xempshirdagi "Uyma-uy yurib" ko'ngillilarni olib borish harakatini Google xodimi Vijay Boyapati boshladi. Uning ko'ngillilarni ushlab turish uchun bir necha uyni ijaraga olish g'oyasi Nyu-Xempshirda eshiklarni taqillatish, marshlar tashkil qilish, Konkord va Nashua shtab-kvartirasida telefon banki uchun kelgan 600 dan ortiq odam bo'lgan 14 ta uyga aylandi. Pol FF a'zolari uchun tez-tez kelib turadigan "Murphy's Pub" deb nomlangan "Erkin shtat" loyihasi a'zosiga tegishli bo'lgan mahalliy restoranda OLFD ko'ngillilariga tashrif buyurib, o'zlarining fidoyiliklari uchun ularga minnatdorchilik bildirdi.

2007 yil 7 yanvarda ushbu ko'ngillilarning aksariyati shtatdagi saylov uchastkalarida ishladilar va keyinchalik u ishtirok etgan va nutq so'zlagan partiyani o'tkazdilar. Ushbu ko'ngillilarning aksariyati, shu jumladan Vijay, boshqa davlatlarga harakatlarni davom ettirish uchun borishdi. 2007 yil 1 dekabrda Los Anjeles Tayms Polni prezidentlik kampaniyasida o'yinchi deb e'lon qildi.[39] The Ozodlik partiyasi 9-dekabr kuni Polni Respublikachilar partiyasi nomzodini olmagan taqdirda Libertarian chiptasida ishlashga chaqiruvchi qaror qabul qildi.[40]

2007 yil dekabrda Assoshieytid Press xabar berishicha, Pol 500 AQSh dollari miqdorida xayriya mablag'ini saqlagan Don Blek, operatori Stormfront, oq tanli millatchi tashkilot veb-sayti. Polning saylovoldi kampaniyasida: "Agar Ronga har qanday yo'l bilan ta'sir o'tkaza olaman deb o'ylab, kichik mafkuraga ega bo'lgan kishi Ronga pul qo'shsa, u pulni behuda sarflagan", deb aytgan va bu pulni "ozodlik to'g'risida" xabar tarqatishga sarflashlari kerak. huquqlar ".[41]

CBS News 21-dekabr kuni "Ron Polni endi chekkaning favoriti deb atash mumkin emas" deb xabar bergan edi.[42]

Ko'pgina prezidentlikka nomzodlar Rojdestvo mavzusidagi siyosiy bo'lmagan reklamalarni e'lon qilishdi.[43] Pol bunday e'lonni YouTube-da joylashtirgan birinchi milliy tan olingan nomzod edi. E'londa Polning oilasi "qo'shig'ini kuylaydiZallarni yig'ing "Polning qisqacha rivoyati asosida tomoshabinga" 2008 yil juda zo'r "bo'lishini tilagan.[43] CBS News uni boshqa nomzodlarga qaraganda kamroq diniy tusga ega bo'lgan "iliq va loyqa" odam sifatida tasvirlaydigan Polni tasvirladi.[43]

Pavlus so'roq qilindi Matbuot bilan tanishing tomonidan Tim Rassert ilgari 400 million AQSh dollarini so'raganligi uchun maqsadli mablag'lar kasalxonadagi saraton markazini kengaytirish va Texas qisqichbaqalarini targ'ib qilish uchun 10 million AQSh dollari miqdoridagi suv ta'minoti loyihalari, hamshiralik dasturi uchun o'z tumaniga qaytib boriladi.[44][45] Yoqilgan Matbuot bilan tanishing, Pol umrida hech qachon maqsad uchun ovoz bermaganligini aytib, ajratilgan mablag'lar uchun taklifini himoya qildi. Rassertning aytishicha, Polning bayonoti "siz unga qarshi ovoz berishdan oldin unga ovoz bergansiz" degan gapga o'xshaydi.[46] Kongress a'zosi Pol bunga javoban: "Men ularni pulimni qaytarib berishni so'ragan odamlarning vakili bo'lganim uchun qo'ydim, ... Men soliq tizimiga qarshiman, lekin men o'zimning barcha narsamni olaman soliq imtiyozlari. Men ularning pullarini xalq uchun qaytarib olmoqchiman ".[44]

2008 yil birinchi choragi

7-yanvar kuni Polning kampaniyasi Kaliforniya, Alabama, Kolorado, Jorjiya, Shimoliy Dakota, Luiziana, Men va Florida shtatlari uchun sakkiz shtatli televizion reklama kampaniyasini boshladi.[47] Bu Nyu-Xempshir va Janubiy Karolinadagi kampaniyalarga qo'shimcha edi.

Shuningdek, 15-yanvar kuni Jeyms Giles Axborotnomasi Filadelfiya vakili Pol "1920 yildan 1952 yilgacha Respublikachilar partiyasida hukmron tashqi siyosat konsensusini" namoyish etganini aytdi.[48]

Pol Nevada shtatida, u erga borgan yagona boshqa nomzod Mitt Romnidan ko'ra ko'proq tashviqot olib bordi.[49][50] 17-yanvar kuni Polning Nevada shtatidagi saylov kampaniyasi vakillari shtat GOP rasmiylarini minglab kokus-qatnashchilarga noto'g'ri kokuslar o'tkazilgan joylardan ogohlantirdilar. Nevada GOP veb-saytiga o'sha kuni ertalab, kokuslardan ikki kun oldin tuzatish kiritildi.[51] Keyin Polning saylovoldi kampaniyasi nomuvofiqliklarni, qoidalardagi chalkashliklarni va ba'zi tumanlarda byulletenlarning etishmasligini tanqid qildi. Ular shtatdagi Respublikachilar partiyasidan ushbu muammolar va boshqa muammolar, masalan, kimning ovoz berishi mumkinligi to'g'risidagi noaniq qoidalar sababli ovoz berishni keyinga qoldirishni o'ylashni iltimos qildilar.[52]

Yanvar oyida Pol an iqtisodiy jonlantirish rejasi[53] va nomlangan Piter Shif va Don Luskin kampaniyaning iqtisodiy maslahatchilari.[54][55] The Milliy soliq to'lovchilar ittifoqi qolgan prezidentlikka nomzodlar orasida faqat Pol yangi xarajatlar rejalarini qoplashdan ko'ra ko'proq federal xarajatlarni qisqartirishni taklif qildi.[56]

Fevral oyida, o'z joniga qasd qilish terrorizmi mutaxassis professor Robert Pape sifatida kampaniyaga qo'shildi tashqi siyosat maslahatchi; Ivan Eland va Leon Xadar Polning tashqi siyosat jamoasiga ham qo'shildi.[57]

Romni fevral oyida poygadan chiqib ketgach, Jon Makkeyn nomzodlikni qo'lga kiritishni juda yaxshi ko'rishini qoldirib, Pol 8 fevral kuni o'z tarafdorlariga elektron pochta orqali xabar yubordi va o'zining prezidentlik kampaniyasini "ozg'inroq va qattiqroq" qilib qayta ko'rib chiqayotganini va uning muhim qismini ajratishini aytdi uning vaqtini, xususan, Texasning 14-kongress okrugi vakili bo'lgan AQSh uyiga qayta saylanish kampaniyasida, Polni respublikachilar nomzodiga da'vogarlik qilayotgan Pol. Friendswood mayor pro tem Kris Peden. Pol a ning deyarli nolga teng imkoniyatini tan oldi vositachilik qilgan konventsiya. U har bir kokusda va qolgan asosiy partiyalarda davom etishga qat'iy qaror qildi va boshqa partiyaning prezidentligi uchun saylov kampaniyasini o'tkazmaslikka va'da berdi.[58] Staffer Dan Makkarti a blog post 9 fevral kuni Polning prezidentlik kampaniyasi "tugamasligi, to'xtatib turilishi va hattoki tortib olinmasligi" haqida bayonot berib, "bir nechta yangiliklar manbalari Ron Polning elektron pochtasini kechqurun noto'g'ri xabar qilmoqda".

11-fevral kuni Pol YouTube va uning saylovoldi tashviqoti veb-sayti orqali videoni joylashtirdi, unda u qo'llab-quvvatlaganligini ko'rsatish va prezidentlik poygasida o'z kampaniyasini kuchaytirish uchun Vashingtonga yurish uyushtirmoqchi ekanligini aytdi.[59]

4 mart kuni Jon Makkeyn Respublikachilar nomzodi bo'lish uchun etarlicha delegatlar yig'di. Natijada Mayk Xekabi poygadan tushib ketdi,[60] ammo Pol kongressdagi o'rni muvaffaqiyatli himoya qilib, o'z yurishini davom ettirishga qaror qildi.[12]

8 mart kuni Pol o'z tarafdorlariga videoni tarqatdi[61] nomzodlikni qo'lga kirita olmasligini tan olib, ba'zi yangiliklar manbalari tomonidan talqin qilingan[62][63] kampaniya tugaganiga ishora sifatida. Uning o'g'li Rand Pol da'volarni ommaviy ravishda rad etdi va "qolgan boshlang'ich saylovlarda qatnashishni davom ettiradi" deb e'lon qildi.[64] 10 mart kuni Pol CNN telekanalida paydo bo'ldi Amerika tongi poygadan chetlanmaganligini va arenada o'z g'oyalarini saqlab qolish uchun kampaniyani davom ettirishini va hali ham primer o'tkazmagan davlatlarda tarafdorlari oldidagi majburiyatini bajarishini tushuntirish.[65]

Hammasi tugamadi; albatta pastga tushadi, boshlang'ich saylovlar juda oz qoldi. Super seshanba kuni o'tdi va Makkeyn nominal raqamga ega. Agar siz faqat hokimiyatni qo'lga kiritish uchun kampaniyada bo'lsangiz, bu bitta narsa. Agar siz g'oyalar va mamlakat kelajagiga ta'sir o'tkazish kampaniyasida bo'lsangiz, kampaniya hech qachon tugamaydi.[66]

— Ron Pol, Amerika tongi

Ron Pol axborot byulletenasi bilan bog'liq tortishuvlar

Asosiy maqola: Ron Pol yangiliklari

2007 yil boshida bir nechta siyosiy sharhlovchilar, shu jumladan Rayan Sager Nyu-York Quyoshi,[67] Devid Vaygel Sabab jurnal,[68] va blogger Edvard Morrisey Kapitan mahallasilar,[69] siyosiy yo'naltirilganligini muhokama qilgan maqolalar chop etdi axborot byulletenlari 1980 va 1990 yillarda Pol nomi bilan nashr etilgan va 1996 yilgi Kongress kampaniyasida munozaralarga sabab bo'lgan. Biroq, 2008 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasining dastlabki bosqichida axborot byulletenlari qarama-qarshiliklari ozgina e'tiborni tortdi.

Bu 2008 yil 8-yanvar kuni o'zgargan Nyu-Xempshirda boshlang'ich saylov, qachon Yangi respublika tomonidan yozilgan hikoyasini nashr etdi Jeyms Kirchik axborot byulletenlaridan iqtiboslar bilan to'ldirilgan.[70] Kirchickning yozishicha, "bu fitnalarga berilib ketganlik, ularga nisbatan hamdardlik" o'ng qanot militsiya harakati va chuqur ushlangan mutaassiblik "va" to'yingan irqchilik ", ayblovlarni Kevin Drum tomonidan takrorlangan Vashington oylik 'siyosiy hayvon blog.[71] Kirchick, bitta maqolada afro-amerikalik tartibsizliklar "barbarlar" deb nomlanganligini ta'kidlab, shunday deb taklif qildi 1992 yilgi Los-Anjelesdagi tartibsizliklar faqat "qora tanlilar o'zlarining farovonlik cheklarini olishlari" vaqti kelganida to'xtadi. "Pushti uy" sarlavhali maqolada "gomoseksuallar, jamiyatning qolgan qismi haqida gapirmasa ham, ijtimoiy bosim ularni o'z faoliyatini yashirishga majbur qilganda ancha yaxshi bo'lgan", deyilgan.[70] Boshqa masalalar mahalliy militsiya guruhlariga hokimiyat tomonidan aniqlanishdan qochish va turli xil yo'llarni topishda taktik tavsiyalar berdi fitna nazariyalari.[70]

Pol ushbu axborot byulletenlari haqidagi xabarlarni "o'n yildan beri qayta tiklangan eski yangiliklar ... aniq siyosiy sabablarga ko'ra yana tirilgan" deb qoraladi.[72] Uning saylovoldi kampaniyasi bayonotida, Pol, shuningdek, "iqtiboslar Yangi respublika maqola meniki emas va men ishongan yoki ishongan narsamni anglatmaydi. Men hech qachon bunday so'zlarni aytmaganman va bunday mayda fikrlarni qoralamaganman. "U maqolalarni tibbiyot bilan doimiy shug'ullanish bilan shug'ullanar ekan, tahrir qilmaganligini aytgan xabarnomalarga hissa qo'shgan bir necha ruhiy mualliflarga yukladi.[72]

Pol CNN telekanali vakili Wolf Blitzerga bergan intervyusida irqchilik uning e'tiqodiga mos kelmasligini va odamlarni o'zlarini shunday deb bilishini ta'kidladi jismoniy shaxslar, qismi sifatida emas jamoalar. Shuningdek, u hujumni prokuror tomonidan irqchilikda ayblashga urinish sifatida rad etib, afroamerikaliklar orasida boshqa respublikachilar nomzodidan ko'ra ko'proq pul to'plaganini ta'kidladi.[73]

2008 yil ikkinchi choragi

Ron Polni nutq so'zlash uchun taklif qilishdi Pitsburg universiteti 2008 yil 3 aprelda.

U saylov kampaniyasini o'tkazdi Pensilvaniya 22 aprel kuni bo'lib o'tadigan boshlang'ich saylovlar arafasida, shu jumladan uning tug'ilgan joyida ikkita to'xtash joyi Pitsburg, da Pensilvaniya shtatidagi Indiana universiteti va Pitsburg universiteti.[74][75] U shuningdek, Montanada bir nechta saylov kampaniyasini amalga oshirdi.[76] U 26-aprel kuni Nevada Respublikachilar shtati konvensiyasida asosiy ma'ruzachi bo'lib, uning tarafdorlari 1200 kishilik ishtirokchilarning 2/3 qismidan iborat edi.[77] Polning tarafdorlari o'zlarining super-ko'pchiligidan foydalanib, har qanday shtat delegatining milliy delegat lavozimiga saylanishiga imkon berishdi, balki mumkin bo'lgan milliy delegatlarning oldindan tasdiqlangan kichik varag'ida ovoz berish o'rniga. Buning natijasida Pol Nevada shtatining RNCdagi 31 delegatining ko'pini yoki barchasini qo'lga kiritishi kutilgan edi.[78][79] Pol tarafdorlarining fikriga ko'ra, asosiy maqsad uni nomzodga aylantirish emas, balki Texasdagi kongressmen tomonidan ilgari surilgan bir nechta masalalarni qabul qilish uchun RNC partiyasining rasmiy platformasiga ta'sir o'tkazish edi.[80]

Yilda Missuri Polning "gumon qilingan" 145 nafar tarafdorlariga davlatni tanlash jarayonida ishtirok etish yoki mahalliy GOP partiyasi rahbarlari tomonidan milliy anjumanda delegatlar bo'lish taqiqlandi. Bu respublika saylovchilari tomonidan GOP shtatlari rahbarlari tomonidan protsessual buzilishlarni ayblashga olib keldi.[81][82]

The Virjiniya mustaqil yashillari (IGVA) Polni vitse-prezidentlikka nomzod qilib ko'rsatishni iltimos qildi va uni Nyu-York meri bilan chiptaga qo'ydi. Maykl Bloomberg. Polning o'zi nominatsiya bilan hech qanday aloqasi yo'q edi va faqat a to'ldiruvchiga nomzod keyinchalik IGVA chiptasida vitse-prezidentlikka nomzod sifatida almashtirildi Darrell qal'asi, ishlaydigan xotin Chak Bolduin.[83]

26 iyun kuni Polning saylovoldi tashviqoti raisi Kent Snyder vafot etdi virusli pnevmoniya, 400 ming dollar to'lamagan tibbiy to'lovlarni qoldirdi. Pol kampaniyasining boshqa xodimlari Sneyderning qolgan tibbiy to'lovlarini to'lashga yordam berish uchun yig'ish xizmatini boshlashdi, chunki kampaniya o'z ishchilarini tibbiy sug'urta bilan ta'minlamagan.[84][85][86]

Nevada shahrida 28 iyun kuni Pol delegatlari RNCga milliy delegatlarni saylash bo'yicha shtat konventsiyasini qayta chaqirishdi. Ular avvalgi yig'ilish raisi delegatlar ovoz bermasdan tanaffus e'lon qilganda, qoidalarni buzganligi, ya'ni avvalgi shtat konvensiyasi hech qachon tugamagan degan qoidani keltirdilar. Ushbu yangi qurultoydan boshlab u shtatni yutib, Nevadaning barcha milliy delegatlari bilan taqdirlandi. Nevada Respublikachilar partiyasi natijalarga qarshi chiqdi va o'zlarining milliy delegatlarini sayladi.[87] Keyinchalik Nevada partiyasi rasmiylari qurultoy o'tkazmaslikka qaror qildilar va masalani partiya ijroiya kengashi tomonidan konferents-chaqiriq orqali hal qildilar.[88] RNC ikkala guruh tomonidan tanlangan delegatlarni rad etdi va natijada Polga shtat delegatlaridan to'rttasini, qolganlarini esa Makkeynga berdi.[89][90][91]

2008 yil 12-iyun kuni Pol yangi targ'ibot guruhini tuzish uchun qolgan 4,7 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'sarflagan holda prezidentlik kampaniyasini to'xtatayotganini e'lon qildi. Ozodlik uchun kampaniya.[15]

Ovoz berish

2007 yil 9 iyunda Yuta GOP konferentsiyasida o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada Pol Mitt Romnidan keyin ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi.[92] Pol shuningdek, Soliq to'lovchilar milliy ittifoqi konferentsiyasida o'tkazilgan somon so'rovnomasida keyingi o'rinni egalladi Fred Tompson.[93] Pol ikkinchi o'rinni egallab, ovoz berishning 17 foizini, a Kobb okrugi GOP somonidan so'rovnoma 2007 yil 4-iyul kuni.[94]

U 2007 yil 16 avgustda Illinoys shtatidagi so'rovnomada 18,87 foiz ovoz bilan uchinchi o'rinni egallab, e'lon qilinmagan nomzod Fred Tompsondan atigi 0,4 foiz orqada qoldi. Pol 2007 yil 18 avgustda xuddi shunday G'arbiy Alabama respublika assambleyasida o'tkazilgan prezidentlik tanlovi bo'yicha o'tkazilgan so'rovnomada g'olib chiqib, 266 ovozdan 216 tasini (81 foiz) egallab, ikkinchi o'rinni egallab oldi. Mitt Romni.[95] 18 avgustda Pol Saut Soundda Ronald Reygan Respublikachilar Klubining 21 avgust kuni Vashington shtatidagi Snohomish okrugida o'tkazgan somon so'rovida 30 foiz ovoz bilan g'olib bo'ldi, Fred Tompson 27 foiz bilan ikkinchi o'rinda.[96]

2007 yil 20-noyabrda Pol respublikachilar Rudi Juliani, Mitt Romni va Fred Tompsondan keyin to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi. Zogby International ehtimol respublika saylovchilarining "ko'r bio" so'rovi. Biroq, Demokratlar va Mustaqillar so'rovnomaga kiritilganida, Pol birinchi bo'ldi. So'rovnoma potentsial saylovchilarga har bir nomzodning tavsiflarini taqdim etdi Rezyume; qayta boshlash nomzodlarning ismlari emas.[97]

2008 yil yanvar oyida o'tkazilgan milliy so'rovnomalar Polni respublikachilar nomzodlari orasida o'rtacha 5% dan kamligini ko'rsatdi.[98]

Birlamchi / kokus natijalari

Asosiy maqola: 2008 yil respublikachilar uchun o'tkazilgan prezidentlik saylovlari natijalari

Dastlabki davlatlar - yanvar

Pol 2008 yilda beshinchi o'rinni egalladi Ayova shtatidagi respublikachilar guruhlari deyarli 10 foiz ovoz va 2 ovoz bilan delegatlar CNN xabariga ko'ra.[99][100] 2008 yil 5-yanvarda Vayominning respublika okrugidagi konventsiyalar, u hech qanday delegatlarni qabul qilmasdan to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi.[101] Vayoming shtatidagi boshlang'ich saylovlar Nyu-Xempshirdagi yuqori martabali poyga foydasiga nomzodlar tomonidan e'tiborsiz qoldirildi, ammo to'rt nomzod u erda saylovoldi tashviqotini olib borishdi,[102] Pavlus, shu jumladan. Qurultoylarda qatnashgan 1224 nafar saylovchilarning aksariyati 2006 yilda saylangan.[103]

Pol 8 yanvarda 8 foiz ovoz olgan Nyu-Xempshirda boshlang'ich saylov, respublika maydonida beshinchi o'rinni egallab, delegatlarni qabul qilmadi.[104][105] U Ayova shtatidagi faoliyatini yaxshilashga umid qilgan bo'lsa-da, u tarafdorlariga: "Bu haqiqatan ham boshlanishi", deya poygada qolishga va'da berdi.[106] Pol qo'llab-quvvatlamaydigan qayta sanash 2008 yil 16 yanvarda boshlangan.[107][108] Pol 2008 yil 15 yanvarda to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi, Michigan shtatidagi respublikachilarning birlamchi, 6 foiz ovoz bilan va delegatlarsiz.[109]

Pol 19-yanvarda ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi Nevada shtatidagi respublikachilar guruhlari 14 foiz ovoz bilan,[110] orqada tugatish Mitt Romni va milliy anjumanda taxminan to'rtta delegat ishlash.[111] Pol 19-yanvar kuni beshinchi o'rinni egalladi Janubiy Karolina respublikachilarining birlamchi, 4 foiz ovoz bilan va delegatlarsiz.[112][113]

The Luiziana respublikachilar guruhi 2008 yil 22 yanvarda bo'lib o'tdi. Rasmiy natijalar haqida hali xabar berilmagan; dastlabki natijalar uni nomzodlar orasida ikkinchi o'rinda ekanligini ko'rsatdi.[114][115] 26 yanvarda Pol kampaniyasi shtat GOPga Luiziana shtatining delegatlarni tanlash jarayoniga qarshi shikoyat bilan murojaat qildi.[116]

The Florida shtatidagi birlamchi 2008 yil 29 yanvarda bo'lib o'tdi va Florida shtatidagi 57 delegatning barchasi uchun shtat bo'ylab g'oliblikni qo'lga kiritgan tanlov bo'ldi.[117][118][119] Filadelfiya tergovchisi Pavlus shtatda saylov kampaniyasi o'tkazmaganligini ta'kidladi,[120] va u 3% ovoz bilan beshinchi o'rinni egalladi.[121] Los Anjeles Tayms Polni 2008 yil yanvar oyida o'tkazgan sakkiz shtatli radio reklama kampaniyasining bir qismi sifatida Florida shtatini ro'yxatga oldi.[47]

Oldinda 3 kun Meyn kokusi super seshanba kunigacha Pol shtatga tashrif buyurgan yagona respublikachi nomzod edi.[122] Pol saylovoldi tashviqot tadbirlarini, shu jumladan, 2008 yil 28 yanvarda Meyn shtatidagi uyida miting o'tkazdi.[123] Uchrashuvdan bir hafta oldin Pol ushbu shtatda "katta shou" bo'lishiga umid qilayotganini aytdi.[124][125] Saylov uchastkalarining 74,7 foizini hisobga olgan holda, Pol 19 foiz bilan saylovchilarning afzalligi bo'yicha uchinchi o'rinni egalladi.[126] Milliy delegatlar nomzodlarga 2 may kuni shtat delegatlari qurultoyini o'tkazganda tayinlanadi. Pol ikkinchi o'rinni egallash uchun shtat delegatlarining 35 foizini ishg'ol qildi.[127]

"Super seshanba", 5 fevral, 2008 yil

Yilda G'arbiy Virjiniya, u GOP konvensiyasida Mitt Romni va Mayk Xekabi bilan birga nutq so'zladi.[128] Pol GOP shtatining GOP konvensiyasida birinchi ovoz berishda oltinchi to'rtinchi o'rinda (10%) qatnashdi va ikkinchi bosqichga chetlatildi, keyingi o'rinda Makkeyn chiqarib tashlandi. Pol va Makkeynning tarafdorlari Mayk Xakabiga ovoz berishdi.[129] Polning saylovoldi kampaniyasida ular Xakabi bilan 3 ta delegatni o'zlariga bergan qo'llab-quvvatlash evaziga olish to'g'risida kelishuvga erishganliklari aytilgan.[130][131] Huckabee kampaniyasi buni tasdiqlamadi.[132]

Polning eng yaxshi namoyishlari Montanada bo'lib o'tdi, ikkinchi o'rin uchun 25% va delegatlar yo'q, uchinchi o'rinda Shimoliy Dakotadagi kokus 21% va beshta delegatlar bilan, uchinchi o'rinda Alyaska 17% va beshta delegatlar bilan,[133] 3 foiz bilan Yuta shtatida uchinchi. O'sha kuni bo'lib o'tgan yana 16 ta boshlang'ich saylovlar guruhi (Alabama, Arizona, Arkanzas, Kaliforniya, Kolorado, Konnektikut, Delaver, Jorjiya, Illinoys, Massachusets, Minnesota, Missuri, Nyu-Jersi, Nyu-York, Oklaxoma, Tennessi), Pol amaldagi nomzodlar orasida to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi. . (U Kaliforniyada umumiy hisobda beshinchi o'rinni egalladi, chunki Giuliani sirtdan saylov byulletenlarini olgan.[134])

Pol barcha seshanba shtatlari orasida mashhur ovozlarning 4 foizini oldi.[135]

Keyinchalik 2008 yil fevral va mart oylari

Ron Pol uchun yangi yil debat mitingi Vankuver, Vashington

9-fevral kuni Kanzas, Luiziana va Vashington o'z tanlovlarini o'tkazdilar. Kanzas shtatidagi kokuslarda Pol uchinchi o'rinni egalladi, 11 foiz va delegatlarsiz.[136] Luiziana shtatidagi boshlang'ich saylovlarda Pol 5 foiz bilan hozirgi nomzodlar orasida uchinchi o'rinni egalladi (umuman olganda, Romni hali ham ovoz berishda edi), hech bir delegat xavf ostida emas edi.[137] Vashington shtatidagi kokuslarda Pol 22% bilan uchinchi o'rinni egallab, Xakabi (24%) va Makkeyndan (26%) ortda qoldi. Vashington delegatlarining deyarli yarmi ushbu kokusda, qolganlari esa 2008 yil 19-fevralda boshlang'ich saylovda qatnashadilar.[138]

12 fevral kuni Potomac Primaries, Merilend, Virjiniya va Vashingtonda o'z tanlovlarini o'tkazdilar. Pol har birining amaldagi nomzodlari orasida uchinchi o'rinni egallab, Merilendda 6%, Virjiniyada 4% va Kolumbiya okrugida 8% olgan.[139] Fox News-dan olingan so'rov natijalariga ko'ra Virjiniyada Respublikachilar poygasida ovoz bergan mustaqil saylovchilarning 20% ​​Polga ovoz bergan.[140]

19 fevraldagi ikkita dastlabki saylovda Pol Viskonsin shtatida 5% bilan uchinchi, Vashington shtatidagi keyingi saylovlarda to'rtinchi o'rinni egalladi (8%), garchi u shtat kokusida 22% bilan uchinchi o'rinda bo'lsa ham. Pol uchinchi o'rinni egallagan Puerto-Riko (4,33%), ikkinchi o'rin uchun Mayk Xakkabi bilan bog'langan Shimoliy Mariana orollari kokus (4,35%) va noma'lum mavqega ega Amerika Samoasi kokus

4 mart kuni bo'lib o'tgan to'rtta respublikachilarning dastlabki saylovlarida Pol har bir shtatda uchinchi o'rinni egalladi. U Texas va Ogayo shtatlarida 5%, Vermont va Rod-Aylendda 7% daromad oldi.[141]

Missisipi 2008 yil 11 martda Respublikachilar partiyasida birlamchi saylovni o'tkazdi. Pol 4% ovoz bilan 3-o'rinni egalladi.[142]

2008 yil ikkinchi choragi

Aprel oyining uchida Minnesota shtati delegatlarining anjumanlarida Pol xavf ostida bo'lgan 12 kishidan 6 ta milliy delegatni oldi; kokus natijalaridan qat'i nazar, ularga har qanday nomzodga ovoz berishga ruxsat beriladi.[143] Nevada GOP konvensiyasi GOP rahbarlari Pol tarafdorlari sud jarayonida delegatlarni yutib olishlarini tushunganlarida to'xtatib turilishi kerak edi.[144] Keyingi anjumanlar may oyida bo'lib o'tadi.

22 aprelda Pensilvaniya boshlang'ich tashkiloti, u umumiy 16% ovoz bilan ikkinchi o'rinni egalladi.[145] Pavlus va Mayk Xekabi, shuningdek, ovoz berish byulletenida bo'lgan Pensilvaniyaning konservativ mintaqalarida eng yaxshi natijalarni ko'rsatdi.[146] 6-may kuni Indiana va Shimoliy Karolina shtatlarida bo'lib o'tgan primerlarda Pol ikkala shtatda ham 8 foiz ovoz oldi.[147][148] 13-may kuni G'arbiy Virjiniya shtatida bo'lib o'tgan dastlabki saylovda Pol 5% ovoz oldi.[149] 20-may kuni o'tkazilgan praymerizda Pol Oregon shtatidagi 4 nafar milliy delegatlar va Kentukki shtatidagi 7% ovozlarning 15 foizini oldi.[150][151]

Pol 27-may kuni 24 foiz ovoz to'plagan Aydaho shtatidagi boshlang'ich, bu uning asosiy holatida eng yaxshi namoyishi edi.[152][153]

Delegatlarni hisoblash

2008 yil respublikachilar prezidentlik saylovida delegatlar soni
2008 yil 10 iyundan boshlab
NomzodlarHaqiqiy
garovga qo'yilgan delegatlar1
(1.917dan 1.780)		Taxminan jami delegatlar2
(2,380 dan 2,159;
G'olib bo'lish uchun 1,191)
Jon Makkeyn1,3781,575
Mayk Xekabi240278
Mitt Romni148271
Ron Pol1435
Ushbu quti:
Rang tugmasi:1-o'rinNomzod bor
tortib olingan
Manbalar:
1 "Birlamchi mavsumda o'tkazilgan saylov natijalari". The New York Times. 16 sentyabr 2008 yil. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2008 yil 16 sentyabrda.
2 "Saylov markazi 2008 - respublika delegati hisoboti". CNN. 2008 yil 4-iyun. Olingan 26 dekabr, 2013.

Mablag 'yig'ish

Boshqa barcha nomzodlar bilan taqqoslaganda davlatning donolik jamg'armasi.
Ron Polning 2007 yildagi mablag'larini yig'ish bo'yicha choralari.

Saylov kampaniyasida Polning xayriya mablag'lari sezilarli darajada oshdi, kampaniya xodimlari, shu jumladan 24 yoshli mablag 'yig'ish direktori Jonatan Bydlak va hozir vafot etgan Kent Snyder. Kampaniya siyosiy bir kunlik mablag 'yig'ish bo'yicha barcha vaqtlardagi rekordga ega.[5] Pol kampaniyasi xayriya mablag'larini har chorakda emas, balki darhol oshkor qildi.

2008 yil fevral oyida o'tkazilgan faol kampaniyalar orasida uning yig'ilgan mablag'larning bir qismi sifatida eng kichik ish haqi bor edi - aksiya mablag'larining atigi 8 foizi yoki 1,5 million dollar.[154]

Manbalar

100% Paulning saylovoldi kampaniyasida qatnashgan mablag'lari,[155] mablag'larning 47 foizi, 200 AQSh dollaridan kam miqdordagi badallardan yig'ilgan.[156]

2008 yil 14 fevral holatiga ko'ra AQSh armiyasi, AQSh dengiz kuchlari va AQSh havo kuchlari a'zolar Ron Polning saylovoldi kampaniyasida uchta eng yaxshi hissasini qo'shgan.[157]

2007 yil birinchi choragi

Pol ko'proq pul yig'di Nyu-Xempshir 2007 yilning birinchi choragida taxmin qilingan respublika peshqadamlaridan Jon Makkeyn va Rudy Giuliani. 2007 yil 31 mart holatiga ko'ra, Pol mamlakat bo'ylab olib borilgan kampaniyasi uchun 63.989 dollar yig'di. Shundan, u 15 070 AQSh dollarini sarflab, unga 47919 dollar naqd pul berib yubordi.[158]

2007 yil ikkinchi choragi

2007 yilning ikkinchi choragining oxiriga kelib, Pol bankda 2,4 million dollardan oshiq mablag'ni qo'lga kiritdi, bu esa 2 million dollar bo'lgan Jon Makkeyndan ko'proq edi. U har bir ikkinchi darajali nomzodni g'azablantirdi va respublikachilar o'rtasida mablag 'yig'ish bo'yicha to'rtinchi o'rinni egallab, uchta oldingi o'rinni egalladi.[159]

2007 yil uchinchi choragi

Polning kampaniyasi uchinchi chorakda oldingi chorakka nisbatan 114 foizga o'sib, 5,08 million dollar yig'di. U 2007 yil sentyabr oyida jamg'arma mablag'larini real vaqtda nashr etishni boshlagandan so'ng, chorak yakuniga etgan mablag 'yig'ish bir hafta ichida kutilmagan 1,2 million AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi; prognoz qilingan miqdor $ 500,000 edi. Saylovoldi tashviqoti "oldingi" nomzodlardan ustun keldi; Pol tomonidan ajratilgan xayr-ehsonlar bilan (200 AQSh dollaridan ortiq) mablag 'yig'ish ko'plab shtatlarda Giuliani, Romni va Tompson mablag'laridan oshib ketdi. ABC News shuningdek, Pol boshqa har qanday GOP nomzodiga qaraganda qurolli xizmatlar xizmatidan ko'proq xayriya olganini xabar qildi. Chorak yakunlariga ko'ra, aksiya 5,4 million AQSh dollaridan oshdi Jon Makkeyn, oldingi uch chorak daromadlarining atigi 34 foizini sarflagan.[160]

2007 yil to'rtinchi chorak

Davlat tomonidan mablag 'yig'ish harakatlari.

31-dekabr holatiga ko'ra Pol to'rtinchi chorakda 19,765,974 dollar yig'di va uni jami 28 million dollarga etkazdi. Uning to'rtinchi chorakdagi xayriya mablag'lari 130,000 donorlardan, shu jumladan 100,000 dan ortiq yangi hissadorlardan kelgan.[161] U to'rtinchi chorakda respublikachilarning boshqa nomzodlaridan ko'ra ko'proq pul yig'di.[162][163] Ikkinchi eng yuqori jami ko'tarildi Rudy Giuliani, musobaqadan chiqib ketishdan oldin 14,4 million dollar olgan.[162] Mitt Romni to'rtinchi chorakda hissadorlardan 9 million dollar yig'di,[164] ammo o'z pulidan 18 million dollar qarz berib, unga eng katta summani berdi.[3][162] Kampaniyaga ko'ra, Polning xayr-ehsoni har bir donor uchun o'rtacha 100 dollarni tashkil etadi[3] Demokratik nomzodlar bilan taqqoslaganda, Pol to'rtinchi chorak yakunlariga yaqin edi Hillari Klinton taxminan 20 million dollar yig'gan.[165]

U armiyadagi donorlardan boshqa har qanday nomzod, demokrat yoki respublikachidan 200 ming dollardan ko'proq pul oldi.[166]

2008 yil birinchi choragi

2008 yil mart oyida Pol 120 ming AQSh dollaridan sal ko'proq pul yig'di, ammo uning saylovoldi kampaniyasida uning qo'lida 5,1 million dollar naqd pul borligi ko'rsatilgan. Polning mablag'larini yig'ish 2008 yilda umuman avvalgi chorakka nisbatan ancha kam bo'lgan.[167]

2008 yil ikkinchi choragi

Taxminan 4 million dollar mablag 'qolgan "[Ron Polning kampaniyasi] o'quv kampaniyasi mablag'larini o'quv materiallarini ishlab chiqarishga yo'naltirilgan foyda keltiradigan nashriyot kompaniyasini yaratish uchun ishlatish variantini o'rganmoqda."[168] Pul oxir-oqibat asos solishga sarflanadi Ozodlik uchun kampaniya.

Internetning mashhurligi

Pavlus bir nechta ishtirok etdi 2008 yil GOP bahslari, aksariyat qismini u homiylarning o'zlarining onlayn yoki SMS-xabarlari bo'yicha o'tkazilgan so'rovlariga ko'ra g'olib bo'ldi.[169] Birinchi bahsdan so'ng, ABC News Polning "ishonchli onlayn mavjudligi" mavjudligini ta'kidladi.[170] TIME jurnal Polga "yangi 2.0 nomzodi" deb yozadi, "uning yangi ijtimoiy media kanallari orqali o'z tarafdorlarini jalb qilishdagi muvaffaqiyati".[171] The New York Times uning kampaniyasi "Internetda qor to'plagan" deb yozgan.[6] KDPaine and Partners ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, Polning YouTube-dagi videolari barcha nomzodlarning o'ntaligining yarmini tashkil qilgan va u barcha nomzodlar orasida eng katta tomoshabin bo'lgan.[172] Jek Kafferti Pavlusning izdoshlari "har qanday vaqtda deyarli Internetni engib chiqishi mumkin".[173]

Forbes.com Polni onlayn qo'llab-quvvatlashi va uning boshlang'ich saylovlardagi ishtiroki o'rtasidagi farqni ta'kidladi: Pol tarafdorlari teledebatlardan so'ng matnli xabar va onlayn so'rovlarga ko'p sonli javob berishganida, u Ayovada 10% va Nyu-Xempshirda 8% ovoz oldi. Devid Torburn, direktori MIT Aloqa forumining ta'kidlashicha, Internet mablag 'yig'ishning asosiy manbai bo'lsa-da, kampaniyalarda ta'sir o'tkazish uchun hali ham an'anaviy ommaviy axborot vositalari bilan raqobatlasha olmaydi. Torburnning qo'shimcha qilishicha, "kiberhududda yashovchi intellektual elita ozchilikning ko'magi oddiy aholi o'rtasida qo'llab-quvvatlanishga aylanmaydi".[174]

Bloger Tommi Kristofer Polning izdoshlarini tanqid qiluvchilar ularni "kultga o'xshash "likda ayblab, Polni qo'llab-quvvatlash bazasini chetlab o'tishga urinishgan. Kristofer bu "asosiy ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan Pavlusning ko'plab yutuqlarini butunlay e'tiborsiz qoldirish yoki ko'zdan qochirishga qaratilgan qasddan qilingan qarorning bir qismi" deb ta'kidladi.[175]

Reytinglar

Alexa.com ma'lumotlar ko'rsatmoqda Polning saylovoldi kampaniyasi veb-sayti to'xtatilgan kampaniyasi uchun saytlardan kamroq trafik olganligi uchun Hillari Klinton va Barak Obama, shuningdek, taxminan teng trafik Jon Makkeyn.[176] Biroq Polning trafigi Klintonnikidan, hattoki Obamaning yanvaridan ancha oshib ketdi, bu uning Internetga asoslangan izdoshlari isboti.[177] Polning sayti ko'proq trafik oladi Rudy Giuliani, Mitt Romni yoki Fred Tompson.[178] Yoqilgan darajalar Ron Pol nomzodlarni qidirish bo'yicha ettinchi o'rinda.[179] 2007 yil iyun oyida ClickZNews-dan Kate Kaye Hitwise ma'lumotlaridan foydalanib, Polning respublikachilar nomzodlari saytidagi trafik bozori ulushi va reytingi hisobotida Pol "beshinchi o'rindan birinchi o'ringa ko'tarilgani" haqida xabar berdi.[180] 2007 yil oktyabrgacha Fred Tompson Polni birinchi o'rindan chiqarib yuborgan edi.[181] 2008 yil martidan keyin Polning Hitwise tomonidan o'lchangan sayt trafigi Makkeyn, Klinton va Obamaning trafikini ortda qoldirdi.[182] Nomzodlarning saylovchilar bilan qanday bog'lanishini kuzatib boradigan sayt bo'lgan SIPP indeksiga binoan, u 2008 yilgi saylovda qatnashganidan so'ng nomzodlar orasida 3-o'rinni egallagan edi.[183]

Ijtimoiy tarmoq

O'zining qidiruv mashhurligidan tashqari, Pol turli xil ijtimoiy tarmoq veb-saytlarida mashhur bo'lib ketdi. 2008 yil 30 yanvarda Polning 131000 dan ortiq "do'stlari" bor edi MySpace,[184] va 2008 yil yanvar oyida MySpace prezidentlik boshlang'ich tashkilotining respublika g'olibi bo'lib, 37% ovoz bilan.[185] Uning yonida ham bor Facebook, 2008 yil 22-iyul holatiga ko'ra saylovoldi kampaniyasi bilan bog'liq guruhda 58000 dan ortiq kishi bor.[186] 2008 yil 30 yanvar holatiga ko'ra, u Facebook-dagi saylovlar 2008 yilgi prezidentlik so'rovida 10 foiz ovoz oldi va uni respublikachilar orasida birinchi, barcha nomzodlar orasida ikkinchi o'rinda qoldirdi. Barak Obama (25% da), lekin oldinda Hillari Klinton 9% da.[187]

Polning YouTube-dagi kanali barcha obunachilar orasida eng ko'p obuna bo'lgan Top 40-ga kirdi va 2007 yil dekabr oyida 30000 obunachiga ega bo'ldi.[188][189] Haftalik standart 2007 yil 10-dekabr kuni quyidagicha xabar berilgan: "Agar siz ursangiz, Polning virus tezligi to'g'risida tushuncha berish"Rudy Giuliani "yoki"Mitt Romni " ichiga YouTube qidiruv tizimida siz taxminan 3700 xitni topasiz. "Bilan xuddi shunday qiling"Ron Pol ", va siz 63000 ta videoni ko'rib chiqasiz."[190] The Ron Pol Qiz Dastlab kampaniyada ishlab chiqarilmagan, ammo yuz minglab tomosha qilingan internet-videodir[191] va internetda mablag 'yig'ishga katta hissa qo'shgan deb o'ylashadi.[kim tomonidan? ] Bundan tashqari, ko'pchilik Warcraft dunyosi futbolchilar Pol nomidan o'zlarini nomlashdi va o'yin ichidagi qo'llab-quvvatlash marshini o'tkazdilar.[192]

2008 yil 30-yanvarda u eng yirik tarqatilgan boshlang'ich tashkilotga ega edi Meetup.com of all candidates, with almost 105,000 members in 1,600 Meetup groups, that collectively planned and held nearly 31,000 offline events to rally support (and raise money) for their candidate.[193][194] In comparison, Barack Obama – who had the second largest Meetup organization among active candidates – had close to 5,000 members among 82 Meetup groups.[194]

Summed up by James Rainey of the Los Anjeles Tayms, "Paulites tend to be tech-savvy, tired of traditional politics and suspicious of their government and the mainstream media. But after that, they defy categories...[consisting of] Democrats, Republicans, Libertarians, and Constitution Party followers uniting behind some or all of the Paul libertarian agenda – ending the war in Iraq, abolishing gun control laws, legalizing marijuana and dismantling big hunks of the U.S. government, especially the IRS va Federal zaxira tizim. "[34]

Jack Cafferty observed that Paul's grassroots network is one "politicians dream about" and that no other candidate running had a base as dedicated or as vocal as Paul's.[173] Paul also earned the attention of many sympathizers outside of the United States.[195][196]

Spam-xabar

In November 2007, the Birmingemdagi Alabama universiteti 's Spam Data Mining for Law Enforcement Applications project examined a large amount of Spam supporting Paul's candidacy. Gary Warner, UAB's director of computer forensics, called the spamming "a criminal act in support of a campaign," but stated that he does not believe the campaign itself is in any way responsible. Paul's spokesman, Jessi Benton, said in an email to Simli magazine calling the spamming the work of "a well-intentioned yet misguided supporter or someone with bad intentions trying to embarrass the campaign."[197] The spamming resulted in the removal of at least one Paul video from YouTube, according to anti-phishing researcher Chris Barton of McAfee.[198]

The Simli article claimed that the finding is "significant" because of Paul's popularity in online polls, which Simli says does not reflect offline polling, and suggests technically sophisticated Paul supporters may have been "manipulating" polls.[197]

Earlier, the prominent conservative blog RedState barred users with accounts less than six months old from posting messages supporting Paul. This was due to a torrent of pro-Paul izoh spam.[199] Other blogs at least temporarily shut down their online polls due to concerns the results may have been stacked by Paul supporters.[197]

Grassroots campaign efforts

Ron Pol inqilobi

Ron Paul Revolution design

Paul's candidacy drew a significant degree of support from grassroots movements, and supporters worked independently of the official campaign or the GOP to raise Paul's public profile and bring in record breaking campaign donations. A number of supporters have described these efforts as the "Ron Paul Revolution," an allusion to the Amerika inqilobi[200] that frequently appears on placards and T-shirts at rallies[201][202] and serves as a slogan that the official campaign has adopted. Supporters use the letters "EVOL" ("love" reversed) to represent peace and hope.[203][204]

Money bombs

Shuningdek qarang: Moneybomb

In early October 2007, a website was set up to raise $1 million per week independently for Paul's campaign by having individuals pledge ommaviy ravishda the same amount (per donor) on the same day each week. News media began referring to this effort as a "pul bombasi ". By mid-October, several other "money bomb" fund raising dates, all unaffiliated with the actual Paul campaign, had caused fund raising spikes of hundreds of thousands of dollars each. On average, over 1,500 people donated per hour.[205]

In late October, a grassroots website called "This November 5"[206] was launched, requesting pledges for the Paul campaign on November 5, the same day as Guy Fawkes Day. They collected over 18,000 e-mail addresses.

Donation rates for November 5

On November 5, 2007, the campaign raised over $4.3 million.[207] That amount is the largest amount collected on a single day by any Republican candidate,[208][209] and the record for largest amount of on-line fund raising in a single day ever in U.S. history.[210] Paul eclipsed his overall third-quarter fund-raising total around 2:30 p.m. EST.

Paul's December campaign contributions rose to over $7.1 million and the Q4 campaign contributions rose to over $17 million as a result of this push. The campaign website displayed a novel real-time display of the funds raised and the names of donors.[211] Smaller fund raising money bombs continued throughout November and early December.

December 16 donation rates

A December 16, 2007, money bomb on the anniversary of the Boston choyxonasi broke the campaign's previous record,[212] raising nearly $2 million more than the November 5 event, bringing in over US$6 million in the largest single day of fund raising, on-line or not, in U.S. presidential campaign history.[213] During the last minutes of the drive, the server refused to accept contributions due to an overload of donations, as about 100 contributors per minute donated to the campaign; more than an additional $100,000 were donated within the hour past midnight.[214][215][216]

February 1, 2008, marked the 51st anniversary of his marriage to Carol Paul. Supporters raised over $1 million in the 24-hour period for the campaign[217] as an "anniversary gift", making it the fourth largest campaign donation day to date.[218]

Ron Paul Blimp

The Ron Paul blimp on its launch day.

The Ron Paul Blimp was an aerial billboard launched in December 2007 with considerable publicity. It was emblazoned on one side with "Who is Ron Paul? Google Ron Paul" and, on the other, "Ron Paul Revolution." At 200 feet (61 m) long, the blimp was longer than the Goodyear Blimp.[219] With a stated cost of $400,000 per month, supporters raised enough money to keep the blimp afloat for about six weeks. Piloted by Dick Schwenker,[220] it flew over Walt Disney World for several days,[221] as well as the January 10 presidential munozara yilda Mirtl-Bich, Janubiy Karolina.[222][223][224][225]

The blimp was financed by a for-profit company (Liberty Political Advertising, L.L.C.), rather than the campaign itself.[226][227] This structure was created to permit donors to escape federal limits of $2,300 per person on campaign donations.[228] The FEC has not commented on the validity of such a finance structure.

A supporter named Elizabeth Blane also created a 20-foot (6.1 m) "micro-blimp" emblazoned with the same logos as the full sized blimp, which flew over the San-Diego maydon.[229][230]

Boshqa harakatlar

An avid Paul supporter and businessman, Joby Weeks, refurbished an old stretch limousine into the Ron Paul Limo, which is 55 feet (17 m) long.[231] The limousine toured high-traffic cities across the country, and was personally signed by Paul on one side.

A Nevada brothel owner promised to take up a collection from his customers to back Paul's bid.[232]

Paul supporters created a number of songs in support of him. Steve Dore, for example, produced a CD called "Early Songs of the Great Ron Paul Revolution," the profits from which were donated to Paul's campaign.[190]

Artists in Texas and other states created homemade signs[233] in support of Paul's candidacy.

Dean Van Gundy in Grand Junction, Kolorado paid for a bus full of "campaigners" to sit in a prominent location, hoping to pick up more supporters.[234]

Some Paul supporters announced plans to build a cooperative community populated solely by those philosophically aligned with Paul dubbed "Paulville" on a plot near Dell City, Texas, in a sparsely populated area between San-Anjelo va El-Paso. Paul himself was not in favor of the idea, stating "I don't see that as a solution, but it can't hurt anything either".[235]

Supporters of Paul held a rally in the Minneapolis-St. Pol area, at the same time the 2008 yil respublikachilarning milliy anjumani took place in that city, and officially commenced the Ozodlik uchun kampaniya.[236]

Respublika prezidentlik bahslari

Asosiy maqola: Respublikachilar partiyasining prezidentlik uchun debatlari, 2008 yil

Second quarter 2007

Ron Paul supporters at a pre-debate rally in Manchester, Nyu-Xempshir 2007 yil 5-iyunda.

On May 3, 2007, Paul participated in a 90-minute presidential debate at the Reygan prezident kutubxonasi, alongside nine other Republican candidates. In online voting hosted by MSNBC va Politico, Paul was ranked first for "Best one liner," "Who stood out from the pack", "Most convincing debater", and "Who showed the most leadership qualities?"[237] and was winning the "rating and comparing candidates" question.[238]

Pavlus ishtirok etdi Fox News kanali First-in-the-South Republican Party Presidential Candidates Debate at the Janubiy Karolina universiteti on May 15, alongside nine other Republican candidates. A phone text message based vote among viewers after the debate, Paul finished second, winning 25% of the votes.[239]

During the debate, Congressman Paul commented that America's history of aralashuv ichida Yaqin Sharq has led to an unpopular view of the U.S. in Middle Eastern countries, and argued that the CIA's removal of Iranian leader Mohammed Mosaddeq yilda Operation Ajax, Iroq urushi va Iroqni bombardimon qilish in the 1990s had led to increasing anti-American sentiment in the Middle East and promoted terrorism. When the moderator asked if Paul was suggesting that the US had "invited" the 9/11 attacks, Paul argued with fellow candidate Rudy Giuliani, who responded to Paul's suggestion that the U.S. pay attention to the underlying causes of terrorism by saying "I don't think I've heard that before, and I've heard some pretty absurd explanations for September 11. And I would ask the congressman to withdraw that comment and tell us that he didn't really mean that." Paul responded that terrorists were the result of "portlash " from poor foreign policy, and that they "don't come here to attack us because we're rich and we're free, they come and attack us because we're over there."[240]

Ron Paul signs autographs as campaign manager Kent Snyder (center) looks on at a rally after CNN's June 5, 2007, GOP debate.

Though the confrontation was noted in the media and cast as a political win for Giuliani, Paul's remarks were debated. Conservative pundits including Sean Hannity and Michael Steele criticized them; former CIA Bin Laden Issue Station bosh Michael Scheuer endorsed them as "obvious" and an "immense service to all Americans"; and commentator Andrew Sullivan agreed with Paul, citing his comments as evidence that he was the only GOP candidate "serious about national security." Paul condemned Giuliani's attack in a press release, later demanding an apology on CNN's Vaziyat xonasi bilan Bo'ri Blitser.[241][242][243][244][245]

In the debate, Paul and McCain refused to endorse qiynoq, with Paul labelling the phrase "enhanced interrogation techniques " as "Orwellian".[246][247]

U ishtirok etdi CNN Republican debate in Nyu-Xempshir on June 5. Paul argued against a preemptive military policy in favor of going "back to traditions and our Constitution" and "[defending] our liberties and [defending] our rights.". He was given fewer than six minutes of time, less than Mitt Romney, John McCain, or Rudy Giuliani.[248][249][250][251]

Third quarter 2007

Supporters outside of the Fox News debate on September 5, 2007.

Paul participated in ABC News 's Republican presidential debate at Drake universiteti yilda Des Moines, Ayova 5 avgustda.[252] Vaqt Magazine's Mark Halperin evaluated Paul's performance "crowd-pleasing," and added, "if the Republicans nominated a candidate based on who most moved the applause meter, Paul would be giving his acceptance speech next summer." Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes.[253]

Pavlus ishtirok etdi Fox News debate at the Nyu-Xempshir universiteti on September 5. Paul and Mayk Xekabi argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 yilgi saylovlar to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes.[254]

On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP "Values Voters' Presidential Debate" in Fort-Loderdeyl, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- Jon H. Koks, Sem Braunbek, Mayk Xekabi, Duncan Hunter, Alan Kays va Tom Tankredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mayk Xekabi 's 63% showing with 13% of the vote.[255]

Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS televizor at Morgan davlat universiteti with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Alongside himself, Sem Braunbek, Mayk Xekabi, Alan Kays, Duncan Hunter va Tom Tankredo answered questions.[256]

Fourth quarter 2007

Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, The Wall Street Journal, va Michigan universiteti - Dyorborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that "as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means".[257] As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory.

The Respublika yahudiy koalitsiyasi candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Paul due to "time only for leading candidates" and his "record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the isroilparast lobbi ", according to sources close to the RJC.[258]

Paul appeared in a 90-minute October 21 debate in Orlando, Florida sponsored by Fox News,[259] winning an informal "cell phone" vote,[260] but drawing jeers during the debate for advocating aralashuvsiz tashqi siyosat.[261]

Paul participated in the November 28 Republican CNN-YouTube Presidential Debate in St. Petersburg, Florida alongside seven other candidates. He obtained less than 8 minutes of time, and wasn't addressed with a question until the second half-hour. Paul debated Jon Makkeyn on the merits of isolationism versus non-intervention. Paul won an CNN online "scorecard" with 51% of the vote; two of three CNN analysts stated that he had a "disappointing" performance, but the other argued that Paul "came off very direct and clear" and "stood out the most".[262][263][264][265]

Paul participated in the December 9 GOP debate hosted by Spanish-speaking television network Univision da Mayami universiteti, alongside seven other candidates.[266]

The tomonidan homiylik qilingan Des Moines-da ro'yxatdan o'tish gazeta va Ayova jamoat televideniesi, the December 12 debate among nine Republican candidates was broadcast live on the statewide television network and re-broadcast later.[267] It was available to all PBS stations, and was the last debate before the Iowa caucuses, January 3, 2008.

First quarter 2008

Pavlus ishtirok etdi ABC /WMUR-TV /Facebook Republican debate at Sankt-Anselm kolleji in New Hampshire on January 5, 2008. Charlz Gibson moderated.[268]

Fox News excluded Paul, Duncan Hunter va Alan Kays from a January 6 New Hampshire forum, sparking numerous protests from Paul supporters. Fox said that due to having limited space in the "souped-up bus" in which the debate was to take place, they required that the candidates must have been polling at least ten percent in recent nationwide polls to be included in the debate.[269][270] In a nationwide poll conducted by the Associated Press and Yahoo, December 14–20, Paul was only polling at three percent which was far short of the threshold necessary for debate inclusion.[269] The Paul campaign said they were not given a reason for the exclusion, and the New Hampshire Republican Party withdrew their sponsorship. Instead of attending, Paul held his own town hall event, where voters were allowed to ask him questions. It was broadcast live on local New Hampshire television and streamed online.[271] Jey Leno invited Paul as a Tonight Show guest January 7 specifically because he said he thought Paul's exclusion was "unfair."[272][273][274][275][276]

Fox News hosted a January 10 debate at the Myrtle Beach Kongress markazi in South Carolina. Paul participated despite his exclusion from the Fox News debate.[276] Paul declined to be interviewed after the debate by Fox News anchors Shon Xanniti va Alan Colmes, citing other commitments.

MSNBC hosted a two-hour debate at Florida Atlantika universiteti on January 24, the last before the Florida Primaries.[277] Paul took part, and a text message poll asking viewers who they believed had won showed Romney in first with 41% and Paul in second at 40%. On January 30, Paul was one of four candidates in a debate hosted by Los Anjeles Tayms, Politico va CNN yilda Simi vodiysi, Kaliforniya, da Ronald Reygan nomidagi Prezident kutubxonasi.[278]

On February 2, MTV va MySpace hosted a two-party debate broadcast live from New York City: "Closing Arguments: A Presidential Super Dialogue." Paul and Mike Huckabee were the only Republicans to attend.[279]

Tavsiyalar

Shuningdek qarang: Qo'shma Shtatlardagi prezidentlik saylovlarida gazetalarni tasdiqlash, 2008 yil

Paul had the official endorsement of many in the 2008 nomination race, including academics, actors, politicians, and political organizations and pundits.

Post-campaign activities

Ron Polniki Respublika uchun miting, held on September 2, 2008

Paul was not invited to speak at the 2008 yil respublikachilarning milliy anjumani (held from September 1—4) and was even limited in his access to the convention floor.[330] Instead, he hosted the Respublika uchun miting bilan Ron Polning Ozodlik uchun kampaniyasi and 10,000 supporters. This protest convention on September 2 was held a few miles from the convention center at the Minneapolis Maqsadli markaz Respublikachilar milliy konventsiyasidan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri farqli o'laroq.[331] Paul received 15 delegate votes (0.63%) for the Republican nomination, falling far short of McCain's 2,343 (98.45%), which cinched him the nomination.

On September 5, 2008, the Montana Konstitutsiya partiyasi olib tashlandi Chak Bolduin from their presidential ticket, replacing him with Paul for president and Maykl Peroutka vitse-prezident uchun.[16] Paul made an announcement stating that he "was aware that the party planned to do this, and has said that as long as he can remain passive and silent about the development, and as long as he need not sign any declaration of candidacy, that he does not object."[16] However, Paul requested on September 11 that Montana take his name off the ballot,[332] stating that he did not "seek nor consent" to the Montana Constitution Party's nomination.[332] He also suggested the Party list official Constitution Party nominee Baldwin on the Montana ballot instead.[332] Five days later the Montana Secretary of State denied Paul's request for withdrawal,[333] stating that the request was sent to them too late. On September 4, 2008, a list of electors in Louisiana using the label "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" filed papers and paid $500[17] with the Secretary of State's Office.[17] They are pledged to Paul for President and Barri Golduoter, kichik vitse-prezident uchun.[17]

The same day, Paul made a brief press statement: "On the heels of his historic three-day rally in Minneapolis that drew over 12,000 attendees, Congressman Ron Paul will make a major announcement next week in Washington at the Milliy press-klub."[334] The congressman had reportedly invited presidential candidates Chuck Baldwin, Bob Barr, Sintiya Makkinni va Ralf Nader to the press conference, leading some to speculate that they would endorse Paul running for president on the ticket of either the Constitution, Libertarian or other third party.[334][335]

On September 10, 2008, Paul confirmed his open endorsement for the four candidates at a press conference in Washington D.C.[336] He also revealed that he had rejected a personal request for an endorsement from John McCain.[337] Keyinchalik u paydo bo'ldi CNN "s Bo'ri Blitser bilan vaziyat xonasi with Nader where they presented and briefly laid out the four principles that all the independent candidates had agreed on as the most important key issues of the presidential race.[338]

On September 22, 2008, Paul announced his support for Chuck Baldwin of the Konstitutsiya partiyasi.[339]

In October 2008, Paul was declared an eligible yozish candidate in California.[340]

In the 2008 presidential election, Paul received approximately 47,507 votes.[341]

In May 2011, he announced that he would run again for president in the next saylov.

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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