Ryszard Kapushtski - Ryszard Kapuściński

"Kapuscinski" bu erga yo'naltiradi. Bastakor uchun qarang Yaroslav Kapustski.
Ryszard Kapushtski
Ryszard Kapuscinski by Kubik 17.05.1997 - cropped.jpg
Kapushtski 1997 yilda
Tug'ilgan(1932-03-04)1932 yil 4 mart
Pinsk, Polsha
O'ldi2007 yil 23-yanvar(2007-01-23) (74 yosh)
Varshava, Polsha
Dafn etilgan joyPauzki harbiy qabristoni
MillatiPolsha
Olma materVarshava universiteti
KasbMuallif va jurnalist
Turmush o'rtoqlarAlicja Kapuścińska
Imzo
Ryszard Kapuściński signature.svg

Ryszard Kapushtski (Polsha:[ˈRɨʂart kapuɕˈt͡ɕij̃skʲi] (Ushbu ovoz haqidatinglang); 1932 yil 4 mart - 2007 yil 23 yanvar) - polshalik jurnalist, fotograf, shoir va muallif. U ko'plab mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi va nomzod sifatida ko'rib chiqildi Adabiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofoti. Kapushtskining shaxsiy jurnallari kitob shaklida munozaralarni ham, konventsiyalarni xiralashganiga qoyil qoldirdi. reportaj bilan kinoya va sehrli realizm adabiyot.[1] U edi Kommunistik -era Polsha matbuot agentligi davomida Afrikadagi yagona muxbir dekolonizatsiya, shuningdek, Janubiy Amerika va Osiyoda ishlagan. 1956 yildan 1981 yilgacha u 27 inqilob va davlat to'ntarishi to'g'risida, demokratiyani qo'llab-quvvatlagani uchun ishdan bo'shatilguniga qadar hisobot berdi. Birdamlik harakati uning vatanida. Uni ushbu janrning boshqa amaliyotchilari nishonladilar. Taniqli italiyalik reportaj yozuvchisi Tiziano Terzani, Kolumbiyalik yozuvchi Gabriel Gartsiya Markes va Chili yozuvchisi Luis Sepulveda unga "Maestro" unvonini berdi.[2][3][4]

Taniqli asarlarga kiradi Jeszcze dzień życia (1976; Hayotning yana bir kuni ), haqida Angola; Sezar (1978; Imperator Efiopiya hukmdorining qulashi haqida, 1983) Xayl Selassi, shuningdek, Kommunistik Polshaning satirasi deb hisoblangan; Wojna futbolowa (1978; Futbol urushi, 1991), Gonduras va Salvador o'rtasidagi 1969 yilgi mojaro va Afrika va Lotin Amerikasidagi muxbir hayotidan boshqa hikoyalar; Szachinszach (1982; Shaxlar, 2006) oxirgisining qulashi haqida Fors shohi; Imperium (1993) qulab tushgan Sovet Ittifoqi bo'ylab sayohatlari to'g'risidagi hisobot; Xeban (1998), keyinchalik ingliz tilida nashr etilgan Quyosh soyasi (2001), Afrikadagi yillari haqida hikoya; va Podróże z Herodotem (2004; Gerodot bilan sayohat ), unda u dolzarbligi haqida o'ylaydi Tarixlar tomonidan Gerodot zamonaviy muxbirning ishiga.

Biografiya

Kapuchtskining oilasi yashagan uy Pinsk 1930-yillarda (2009 yildagi foto) Blotna ko'chasida (hozirgi Suvorov ko'chasi 43)

Ryszard Kapushtski yilda tug'ilgan Pinsk (hozirda Belorussiya ), Polesie voyvodligi, ichida Kresi Wschodnie yoki sharqiy chegara hududlari Ikkinchi Polsha Respublikasi 1932 yilda Mariya Bobka (1910 yilda tug'ilgan) va Jozef Kapushtski (1903 yilda tug'ilgan) ning o'g'li, boshlang'ich maktab o'qituvchilari. Uning singlisi Barbara keyingi yil tug'ilgan. Ular qashshoqlikda tug'ilishgan: keyinchalik u o'zini uyida his qilganini aytgan Afrika chunki "u erda ham oziq-ovqat kam edi va hamma ham yalangoyoq edi".[5] 1938 yil sentyabr oyida Ryszard Pinskdagi 5-sonli boshlang'ich maktabga borishni boshladi. U 1939 yil yozini onasi va singlisi bilan birga o'tkazdi Pavlov, yaqinidagi kichik qishloq Rejovyec yilda Lyublin voyvodligi. Qachon Ikkinchi jahon urushi 1939 yil sentyabrda ular Pinskga shaharni bosib olgandan keyin qaytib kelishdi Qizil Armiya va Rizzard o'sha erda maktabga qaytdi. 1940 yilda Mariya qo'rqadi Sharqqa deportatsiya, Ryszard va Barbara bilan birga Pinskdan chiqib, ko'chib ketishdi Serakov, yaqin Varshava. U erda ular Jozef bilan uchrashishdi. Keyinchalik oila yaqinlashdi Otvok. Ryszard Otvokdagi boshlang'ich maktabda o'qishni davom ettirdi (1944–45).[6] U o'zining dastlabki hayotini kitobda tasvirlab berdi Imperium.

1945 yilda oila Rishard o'qishni boshlagan Varshavaga joylashdi Stanislav Staszich Gimnaziya. U havaskor bokschiga aylandi (bir vaznli ) va futbolchi.[7] 1948 yilda Kapuchtski rasmiy Kommunistik yoshlar tashkilotiga qo'shildi ZMP - va past darajadagi lavozimlarda ishlagan.[8] Kapushtski haftalik davriy nashrda chop etilgan maqolaning qahramoni edi Odrodzenie o'spirin she'rlari asarlari bilan taqqoslangan o'z maktabida tashkil etilgan she'riyat konferentsiyasi haqida hisobot Mayakovskiy va Wierzyński.[9]

1950 yil iyun oyida u gimnaziyani tugatdi va shu erda ish boshladi Sztandar Mlodich (Yoshlik bayrog'i), 1950 yilda ZMP organi sifatida tashkil etilgan umummilliy gazeta. 1950 yil oktyabrda u o'qishni boshladi Varshava universiteti (Polshalik tadqiqotlar bo'limi) va 1951 yilda u ishini to'xtatgandan so'ng tarix bo'limiga ko'chib o'tdi Sztandar Mlodich 1955 yilgacha. U Yoshlar festivali yilda Sharqiy Berlin 1951 yil avgustda sahnalashtirilgan Sharqiy Germaniya. Bu uning birinchi xorijiy safari edi. 1952 yildan va vafotigacha Rishard Kapuchtski shifokor Alicya Mielczarekka (1933 y.t.) uylangan. Ularning qizi Zofiya 1953 yilda tug'ilgan. 1953 yildan 1981 yilgacha - jazo tayinlangan yil Polshada harbiy holat —Kapuchtski Polsha Birlashgan ishchi partiyasining a'zosi edi PZPR ). Uning PZPRga bo'lgan munosabati erta boshlanib, "1956 yilda kelgan hal qiluvchi lahzada" (ehtimol, voqealarga ishora) Poznań iyun va jarayoni Stalinsizlashtirish tomonidan olib kelingan Gomulkaning erishi, va 1956 yildagi Vengriya inqilobi ).[10][11]

1955 yil iyun oyida u Varshava universitetini tugatgan. Nashr qilinganidan so'ng, 1955 yil sentyabr oyida qurilish haqida tanqidiy maqola Nowa Huta, a Krakov "Polshadagi birinchi sotsialistik munitsipalitet" sifatida tanlangan joyda qurilgan konkuratsiya,[12] bu ishda qatnashgan mardikorlarning g'ayriinsoniy ish va yashash sharoitlarini ochib berdi - bu voqea, avvaliga kommunistik hokimiyat tomonidan yoqib qolishdan oldin hayratga tushganligi sababli, ularning uy hayvonlari loyihasini kimdir xatoga yo'l qo'ygan tasviriga qanday munosabatda bo'lishni bilmayapti. ularning o'zi - Kapuchtski mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi Oltin Xizmat 23 yoshida

1956 yil avgustda u xabar berdi Kiev va sentyabr oyida u jo'natildi Hindiston, uning birinchi tashqi sayohati Evropa. U orqali qaytib keldi Afg'oniston (u aeroportda ushlangan joyda Kobul ) va Moskva. 1957 yil avgust oyida u yarim yilga bordi Xitoy (orqali Tokio va Gonkong ). U Polshaga qaytib keldi Trans-Sibir temir yo'li. 24 yoshida Hindistonga sayohat qilishdan boshlab, u rivojlanib borayotgan dunyo bo'ylab urushlar, to'ntarishlar va inqiloblar haqida xabar berib bordi. Afrika, Osiyo va lotin Amerikasi. U o'rganishni boshladi Ingliz tili Hindistonda lug'at yordamida nusxasini o'qish orqali Xemingueyniki Qo'ng'iroq kim uchun.[13] U Osiyoga birinchi sayohatlari haqida kitobda yozgan Gerodot bilan sayohat.

1958 yilda u ketdi Sztandar Mlodich va uchun ish boshladi Polsha matbuot agentligi. Ko'p o'tmay u ham haftalikka qo'shildi Polityka (u erda 1962 yilgacha ishlagan). Uning haftalik ishi natijasi kitob bo'ldi Busz po polsku (Polshalik Bush) 1962 yilda nashr etilgan "unutilgan, ko'rinmas, marginal odamlarning istiqbollari va shu sababli kamdan-kam hollarda kirishga loyiq deb topilganlarning tirik tarixini yozish uchun" Polsha cho'lidagi "maqolalarining to'plamini nashr etdi. rasmiy tarix yilnomasi "(so'zlari bilan aytganda Diana Kuprel, adabiyotshunos olim va Kapuchtski asarlari tarjimoni).[14] U kitobxonlar ommasining dastlabki kitoblarining aksariyatiga bo'lgan beparvoligidan g'azablandi.[15]

1950 yillarning oxirida u birinchi marta Afrikaga yo'l oldi (Gana, Dahomey Respublikasi va Niger ). Mahalliy hikoyalar bo'yicha mahoratini oshirgandan so'ng u keyinchalik Afrikadagi Polsha matbuot agentligi uchun "ellik mamlakat uchun" javobgar "bo'ldi.[16][17] (Garchi rasmiy davlat matbuot agentligining muxbiri bo'lsa-da, u hech qachon o'zi ishtirok etgan matbuot anjumanida bitta savol bermagan[15]). Nihoyat Polshaga qaytib kelganida, u yigirma etti inqilob va to'ntarishni boshidan kechirgan, 40 marta qamoqqa tashlangan va to'rtta o'lim jazosidan omon qolgan.[18] Ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan dunyoda Kapuchtski 1960-1970 yillarda Afrikadan reportajlari bilan mashhur bo'lib, u o'sha qit'ada Evropa mustamlakachilik imperiyalarining tugaganiga guvoh bo'lgan.

1961 yilda u Kongo Respublikasi. U qochishini tasvirlab berdi Bujumbura va keyinchalik kitobda hibsga olish Futbol urushi. 1962–65 yillarda u dastlab yashagan Dar es Salom va keyinroq Nayrobi u Afrikadagi boshqa mamlakatlarga sayohat qilgan joydan. U Polshaga 1965 yilda bir necha hafta davomida qaytib keldi, ammo yashash uchun Afrikaga qaytib keldi Lagos va hisobotni davom ettiring. 1965 yil aprel oyida u sayohat qildi Senegal va Mavritaniya keyinchalik u kitobda tasvirlangan Quyosh soyasi. 1966 yil oxirida u Polshaga qaytib keldi. 1967 yil aprel oyida u bordi Markaziy Osiyo va Kavkaz. Shu yilning noyabrida u xorijiy muxbir sifatida ish boshladi Janubiy Amerika, asoslangan Santyago. Keyinchalik u ko'chib o'tdi Meksika (1969-72). 1969 yilda u urushning guvohi bo'ldi Gonduras u kitobda tasvirlangan Futbol urushi. 1969 yilda u ispan tilidan tahrir qildi va tarjima qildi El diario del Che en Boliviya, oxirgi adabiy meros Che Gevara.[19] Kapushtski vaziyatni tahlil qildi Gvatemala nemis diplomatidan keyin Karl fon Spreti o'g'irlab ketilgan. U 1970 yilda o'zining reportajini nashr etdi Dlaczego zginął Karl von Spreti (Nima uchun Karl fon Spreti vafot etdi). U 1972 yilda Polshaga qaytib keldi va keyinchalik jurnallarda ishladi Kontynenty va Kultura. 1975 yil sentyabr oyida u bordi Angola shundan keyin u kitobni nashr etdi Hayotning yana bir kuni. 1975 va 1977 yillarda u bordi Efiopiya. Imperator u erga sayohat qilganidan keyin yozilgan.[20] 1979 yilda u o'zining tug'ilgan joyi Pinskga 1940 yildan beri birinchi marta tashrif buyurgan. 1979 yilda u Eronga guvoh bo'lgan Eron inqilobi. Uning kitobi Shaxlar ushbu mavzu va yiqilish bilan shug'ullanadi Muhammad Rizo Pahlaviy, oxirgi Shoh ning Eron.

Kapushtski bilan Julia Xartvig yilda Varshava, 2006

1980 yilda u guvoh bo'ldi ish tashlashlar sodir bo'lgan Gdansk, Polsha.[21][22] 1988 yilda ikki qism Arena unga va uning ishiga bag'ishlangan edi.[23][24] U Evropa va Osiyo qismlarida sayohat qilgan Sovet Ittifoqi (1989-1992) va guvohi bo'lgan Sovet Ittifoqining tarqatib yuborilishi. Ushbu tajribadan so'ng u yozgan Imperium. U mukofotlandi Germaniya akademik almashinuvi xizmati stipendiya Berlin 1994 yilda. 1999 yilda Kapuchtski o'zining hayoti haqida gapirdi VPRO ilm-fan, madaniyat va siyosat olamining taniqli insonlari bilan bir qator avtobiografik intervyularda.[25]

2006 yilgi intervyusida Reuters, Kapuchtski "hamma joyda hali dunyoga qiziqadigan darajada yosh odamlar" uchun yozganini aytdi.[5] U polyak, ingliz tillarini yaxshi bilardi, Ruscha, Ispaniya, Frantsuz va Portugal. U professorga tashrif buyurgan edi Bangalor (1970-yillar), Bonn, Keyptaun, Karakas (1979), Kolumbiya universiteti (1983), Garvard universiteti, Irkutsk, London, Madrid, Meksika (1979), San-Sebastyan, Temple universiteti (1988) va Vankuver.[26]

Kapushtski 2007 yil 23 yanvarda Varshava kasalxonasida yurak xurujidan vafot etdi, u erda u bog'liq bo'lmagan kasalliklardan davolanmoqda.[5]

Adabiy asarlar

1960-yillarning boshidan boshlab Kapushtski zamonaviy adabiyot mahoratining o'sib boradigan kitoblarini nashr etdi. hikoya texnika, personajlarning psixologik portretlari, stilizatsiyaning boyligi va metafora va qabul qilingan dunyoni talqin qilish vositasi bo'lib xizmat qiladigan g'ayrioddiy tasvirlar. Kapushtskining eng taniqli kitobi, Imperator ning pasayishi bilan bog'liq Xayl Selassi anaxronistik rejim Efiopiya. Kitobning hikoyasi Polsha xalqida yo'qolmagan alohida ma'noga ega edi, ayniqsa PZPRga qarshi norozilik ildiz otayotgan paytda. Imperator Kapuchtskining G'arbdagi obro'sini o'rnatgan kitob ham edi. 1983 yilda ingliz tiliga tarjimasida paydo bo'lganida, darhol muhim muvaffaqiyatga erishdi.[27] 1987 yilda kitob Maykl Xastings va Jonathan Miller tomonidan Londonning Royal Court Theatre tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan teatr o'yiniga moslashtirildi.

Kapushtski: Biz qashshoqlikning global muammosi haqida hamma narsani bilamiz. Buni tushunolmayotganimiz - uni amaliy jihatdan qanday kamaytirish mumkin. [Biz harakat qilayotgan lahzada] to'siqlar paydo bo'ladi, ularni engib bo'lmaydigan va qiziqishlarga qarshi tura olmaydigan narsalar mavjud.

- Kapuchtski bilan nashr etilgan intervyusidan Matbuot jurnal, 2006 yil[15]

Kapuchtski turli olamlarda va odamlarda topgan insoniyligi, shuningdek, bu olam va odamlarning kitoblari bilan hayratga tushgan: u har bir sayohatdan oldin oylar davomida o'qish bilan chet ellarga adabiyot orqali birinchi bo'lib murojaat qilgan. U uchrashgan xilma-xil odamlarni tinglashda mohir edi, lekin u duch kelgan sahnalarning yashirin tuyg'usini "o'qish" ga ham qodir edi: evropaliklarning ko'chib o'tish yo'li. Angola, bilan bog'liq munozarasi aliment ichida Tanganikan parlament, qayta qurish freskalar yangisida Rossiya - u ushbu vinyetlarning har birini tarixiy o'zgarish metaforasiga aylantirdi.

Xususiy tajribalarni ko'proq ijtimoiy sintezga aylantirish tendentsiyasi Kaputsiyni taniqli mutafakkirga aylantirdi va davom etayotgan hajmlar Lapidarium seriyalar - bu muxbirning kuzatuvlarini dunyo, uning odamlari va ularning azoblari haqidagi falsafiy mulohazalarga aylantirganligi haqidagi yozuv. U kambag'allarga, jabrlanganlarga va xor bo'lganlarga juda rahmdil edi.

Kapushtskining o'zi asarini "adabiy reportaj" deb atagan,[28] va reportaj d'auteur.[29] Ingliz tilida so'zlashadigan dunyoda uning janri ba'zan "sehrli jurnalistika "(qarshi nuqtada sehrli realizm ) tomonidan kiritilgan atama Adam Xochshild 1994 yilda.[30][31][32][33] Kapushtski tez-tez o'zini "Men afsuski yozuvchi tasavvuriga ega bo'lmagan kambag'al muxbirman" degan satr bilan tanishtirdi.[34]

Italiyalik jurnalist Tiziano Terzani va Ryszard Kapuchtski jurnalistika haqidagi o'xshash qarashlarni o'rtoqlashdi.[35] Xayme Abello Banfi, do'sti va hamkori Gabriel Gartsiya Markes, Garsiya Markes va Kapuchtski o'zlari bilmagan holda, yaxshi jurnalistikaga yo'l she'riyat orqali o'tdi (fikrning ixchamligini ham, o'rinliligini ham hisobga olgan holda) degan fikrni o'rtoqlashdi.[36]

Kapushtski qadimgi yunon tarixchisi deb hisoblagan Gerodot ajoyib muxbir va uning xo'jayini. U kitob yozdi Gerodot bilan sayohat u qaerda ekanligini ko'rsatadi Tarixlar Gerodotning qadimiy va reportajning durdonasi. U shuningdek ko'rib chiqdi Kursio Malapart, Melchior Vakovich, Ksawery Pruszyński va Frensisek Gil (1917-1960) uning adabiy modellari va uslubiy kashshoflari bo'lgan.[15][37][38][39][40] Ba'zi darajalarda Prushitski va Vakovich haqiqatni butunlay mustaqil konstruktsiya sifatida ochib berish uchun hikoyaning umumiy rasmini bit va bo'laklardan yopishtirib olish mumkin deb hisoblab, Kapuchtski bilan faktlarga juda o'xshash yondashishni o'rtoqlashdilar.[41] Kaputsiyning ishi talabalari uning ishi bilan yozishmalarini kuzatishdi J. M. Ketzi go'yoki ikkala yozuvchi ham "guvohlarning javobgarligi" nazariyasini tinglagan.[42]

Bir sharhlovchi Kapuchtskining nozik psixologik aks ettirishni jonli tavsif bilan aralashtirib yuborganida, uni taqqoslash taklifini ko'rdi. Jozef Konrad;[43] Binyavanga Wainaina va Aleksandar Xemon xuddi shu taqqoslashni amalga oshirdi, agar boshqa sabablarga ko'ra kamroq maqtovli sabablar bo'lsa.[44][45] Kapushtski buni tasdiqladi Bill Dides haqiqat Konrad uning adabiy ilhomlaridan biri edi.[46] Nil Ascherson uni o'xshatdi Egon Ervin Kisch (1885–1948) adabiy reportajlarning otasi hisoblangan.[47] Kapushtskining o'zi keltiradi Kish muxbirning shaxsini markaz bosqichiga qo'yib, an'anaviy hisobot shakllariga o'lim zarbasini bergan "reportaj klassikasi" sifatida tasdiqlangan.[29] Albatta, na Kish na Kapushki "nima deyish mumkinligiga ishonmagan"jurnalistik ob'ektivlik ": Kish (kommunistik) muxbirga o'z mavzusi bilan" siyosiy aloqada bo'lish "zarur deb hisoblagan bo'lsa, Kapushtski ob'ektivlikni suddan tashqarida tushuncha sifatida butunlay qo'yar edi va" Ob'ektivlik degan narsa yo'q. Ob'ektivlik - bu yozgan kishining vijdoniga oid savol. Va o'zi bu savolga javob berishi kerak - bu haqiqatga yaqin yozganmi yoki yo'qmi ".[48]

Kapuchtskining uning hunarmandchiligi haqidagi qarashlari 2000 yilda italiyada kitobda nashr etilgan Il cinico non è adatto a questo mestiere: suhbati sul buon giornalismo (Sinik bu kasbga mos kelmaydi: yaxshi jurnalistika to'g'risida suhbatlar),[49] 2003 yildan boshlab ispan tilidagi kitob (bepul tarqatilgan) Los cinco sentidos del periodista (estar, ver, oír, compartir, pensar) (Jurnalistning beshta tuyg'usi: guvohlik berish, ko'rish, tinglash, bo'lishish va fikrlash)[34] va uning Polsha kitobida Avtoportret muxbir (Muxbirning avtoportreti)[50] o'sha yili nashr etilgan. 1987 yilda Marek Miller Kapuchtski bilan reportaj san'ati va uning hayoti to'g'risida suhbatlashdi. Ushbu suhbatlar 2012 yilda Polshada kitobda nashr etilgan Pisani (Yozish)[51] lekin efirga uzatiladi Kanada kuni Kalejdoskop Polski 1988 yildayoq televizor. U ommaviy axborot vositalarining manipulyatsiyasi va bexabarligini qattiq qoraladi.[52]

Fotosuratchi

Kapushtski 2000 yilda albom nashr etilishi bilan fotograf sifatida birinchi marta chiqdi Z Afriki ("Afrikadan tashqarida"), ushbu qit'adagi sayohatlari fotosurati. "Har qanday surat - bu eslash, eslash, - deb yozadi u kirish so'zida, - va hech narsa bizni vaqtning mo'rtligi, uning doimiy va o'tkinchi tabiati - fotosuratdan ko'ra ko'proq sezgir qila olmaydi."[53] Davomi, nomli Ze Shiata ("Dunyodan", 2008 yil noyabr oyida kirish bilan nashr etilgan John Updike ) dunyoning barcha burchaklaridagi Kapuchtskining fotosuratlarining kesimidan iborat bo'lib, unda juda ajoyib kadrlar mavjud.[54]

Vafotidan keyingi va reportajdan tashqari ishlar

Yilda O'n Inni ("Boshqalar"), ma'ruzalar to'plami Vena, Graz va Krakov, vafotidan bir oz oldin nashr etilgan Kapuchtski, boshqalarni sub-inson yoki inson bo'lmagan tushunchasini singdiradigan afsonalar tomonidan davom ettirilgan holatlardan afsuslanadi. U boshqalarga duch kelishni yigirma birinchi asr uchun asosiy muammo deb bildi. Vafotidan keyin nashr etilgan Ho dato voce ai poveri: dialogo con i giovani ("Men kambag'allarga ovoz berdim: yoshlar bilan suhbatlar"; Trent, Il Margine, 2007; keyinchalik Polshada nashr etilgan Dałem głos ubogim. Rozmowy z młodzieżą; Krakov, Znak, 2008) - Kapuchtskining talabalar bilan o'zaro aloqalari haqidagi yozuv Bolzano universiteti 2006 yil oktyabr oyida Italiyada;[55] esa Rwący nurt historii. Zapiski o XX i XXI wieku ("Tarix girdoblarida: 20 va 21-asrlardagi suratlar"; Krakov, Znak, 2007) - bu Kapushtskiyning tarixchi sifatida tayyorgarligini aks ettirgan va zamonaviy mavzular va ularning tarixiy va madaniyatlararo madaniyatini aks ettirgan intervyular va ma'ruzalar to'plamidir. parallelliklar (shu jumladan globallashuv, Islom, Uchinchi dunyo tug'ilishi va Tinch okeani tsivilizatsiyasi paydo bo'lishi).[56]

Savol: Terrorizmga qarshi urushni tasvirlash mumkinmi?
Kapushtski: Yo'q; bu veb. Uning tuzilishini sinchkovlik bilan tekshirish juda qiyin. Shuni tan olishimiz kerakki, bu dunyoda aniqlab bo'lmaydigan juda ko'p narsalar mavjud.

- Kapuchtski bilan nashr etilgan intervyusidan Matbuot jurnal, 2006 yil.[15]

Kapushtskining dolzarb masalalar bo'yicha bayonotlari diqqatga sazovor edi: u sabablarning sabablari deb o'ylagan 11 sentyabr fojiasi Masalan, hozirgi paytda to'liq tahlil qilish uchun qarz berish uchun juda murakkab edi, garchi u jumboqning ba'zi bir asosiy elementlarini keng va murakkab ekspozitsiyasini taklif qilgan bo'lsa ham Sivilizatsiyalar to'qnashuvi. U tanqidiy edi Sivilizatsiyalar to'qnashuvi nazariyani u Amerikaning dunyo haqidagi tasavvuridir.[57] Hujumlardan so'ng u Bi-bi-sining intervyu beruvchisiga shunday dedi: "Biz bu lahzani behuda o'tkazib yuborishimizdan juda qo'rqaman. Bu mazmunli suhbat o'rniga shunchaki eshiklar va metall detektorlari bo'ladi".[58]

2002 yilda har oyning o'sha paytdagi bosh muharririga bergan intervyusida Letras Libres, Rikardo Kayuela Gally, Kapushtski, terrorizmga qarshi kurash, u bilan kurashayotgan jangchilarning assimetrik xarakteri tufayli, faqat bir oy ichida va (haqiqatan ham) osonlikcha (qayta) joriy etish yo'li bilan yutilishi mumkin degan fikrni bildirdi.Stalinizm ", bu dunyoni Qo'shma Shtatlarning doimiy" gegemonligi "ostida qoldirishi uchun yagona sabab bilan istalmagan usul, bu" erkin jamiyat "ni oxiriga etkazadigan holat.[59]

Polshada, 1986 yildan beri Kapuchtski shoir sifatida ham tanilgan:[60] u shved tarjimoniga alohida ishongan, Anders Bodegard, u buni o'zining asosiy shaxsiyati deb bilgan.[61] 2007 yil noyabr oyida Kanadaning Biblioasis nashriyoti Kapushtskining tanlangan she'rlarini ingliz tilida nashr etdi, Men tosh yozganman, she'riyatining birinchi inglizcha tarjimasi. Los Anjeles Tayms shunday deb yozgan edi: "Katta voqealarga (...) uning nasrida lirik munosabat berilgan bo'lishi mumkin, ammo (...) bu she'rlar inqirozlar orasidagi lahzalarni, bir necha satrda kitob uzunligidagi bahsni olib boradigan taassurotlarni aks ettiradi".[62] Kitoblaridan to'plangan she'rlar Polsha va Kanadada 2012 yilda Polsha va Ingliz tillarida nashr etilgan To'plangan she'rlar, Diana Kuprel va Marek Kusiba tomonidan tarjima qilingan.

Garchi u ushbu rol uchun yagona model bo'lmasa-da, Kapushtskiyga filmning bosh qahramoni sifatida obraz berilgan Andjey Vayda 1978 yilgi film Anestezisiz.[63][64] Aleksandar Xemon, bosniyalik amerikalik roman yozuvchisi (u ilgari bahs yuritgan Robert D. Kaplan "Bolqon aqli" stereotipi), Kapuchtskining Afrikadagi yozuvlarini tanqid qilishda Qishloq ovozi,[iqtibos kerak ] Kapushtski o'quvchilarini uning qit'a madaniyatiga bo'lgan munosabati va uning yondashuvi to'g'risida xabardor qiladigan "asosiy proto-irqchi esansizm" ga ko'z yumayotganlikda aybladi: "[Kapuchtski] irqchilikka qarshi tutunni bema'ni teri rangiga asoslanib chiqaradi va ehtimol agar uning "Afrika aqli" va "Evropa ongi" o'rtasidagi) tafovutlarning obsesif ro'yxati aslida irqchi ekanligi aytilsa.[45][65][66]

Qabul qilish

Kapushtski dunyo miqyosida obro'ga ega edi va u eng ko'p xorijiy tillarga tarjima qilingan polshalik yozuvchilardan biridir.[67]

Yilda nashr etilgan obzorda Der Spiegel, Kapuchtskini nemis jurnalisti Klaus Kristian Malzahn "dunyo ko'rgan eng ishonchli jurnalistlardan biri" deb ta'riflagan.[68] Daniel Alarkon Perulik-amerikalik yozuvchi, Kaputsiyskiyni shakllantiruvchi ta'sir sifatida keltirdi Dostoyevskiy.[69] Amerikalik jurnalist va reportaj yozuvchisi Richard Bernshteyn Kapushtski vahiysining "ta'sirchan aql-zakovati" va "kristallangan tavsiflovchi" yozuv uslubida muhim ahamiyatga ega edi.[70] Britaniyalik jurnalist Bill Dides, kim bo'lganiga guvoh bo'lgan Ruanda genotsidi Birinchidan, Kapuchtski haqida "Afrika haqida yozganlari maftunkor va jozibali", deb aytgan. Gutlar va tutilarning o'sha qorong'u kechaga qanday jalb qilinganligi haqida yozgan. genotsid yilda Ruanda va men "Afrikaga oid yozuvlarida jurnalistikani adabiyotga aylantirganligi" haqida men o'qigan eng ma'rifiy narsadir.[46] Professor Filipp Melling Suonsi universiteti bu fikrga qo'shilib, Ruandadagi mojaro bo'yicha avtoritet sifatida Kapuchtskini ko'rsatdi.[71]

Salmon Rushdi u haqida shunday deb yozgan edi: "Bitta Kapushskiy ming'irlayotgan va xayolparast yozuvchilarning bahosiga loyiqdir. Uning jurnalistika va san'atning ajoyib kombinatsiyasi bizni Kapushtski so'zlab bo'lmaydigan urushning haqiqiy qiyofasi deb atagan narsaga juda yaqin his qilishimizga imkon beradi".[72]

Odatda adabiyotda Nobel mukofotini olishning favoriti sifatida tilga olinadi, u hech qachon bunday qilmagan. Kapuchtski mukofotga sazovor bo'lguncha vafot etayotgani shved matbuotida 2010 yil oktyabr oyining oxirlarida shov-shuvga aylangan edi.[73] Vafotidan beri unga matbuotda ko'plab epitafiyalar taklif qilingan, masalan, "Zamonaviy jurnalistikaning ustasi",[74] "Dunyo tarjimoni" va "Dunyodagi eng buyuk muxbir",[68] "Bizning davrimiz Gerodot",[75] "Uchinchi dunyo xronikachisi".[76][77]

Kapuchtskiyda haqiqiylikni shaxsiy izlash har doim uning atrofdagilar bilan munosabati bilan bog'liq. U o'z asarlarida har doim universallikni izlaydi, bu xususan Jon Merrillning AQSh akademik doiralaridagi mafkuraviy qarama-qarshi tomoni, Illinoys universiteti media olimi Klifford G. Xristianlar olqishlaydilar. Xristianlar yozgan haqiqat - bu "muhabbat bilan nurlantirilgan aql", shuning uchun individual haqiqiylik boshqalarga bog'lanishiga bog'liq bo'lishi kerak, "Men" har doim "Sen" ga bo'lgan munosabati bilan belgilanadi.

- Jozef B. Atkins va Bernard Nejmah, "Ryszard Kapusciński: Empathetic Existentialist", 2002 y.[78]

Ko'p yillar davomida, ayniqsa 1983 yildan beri Imperator tomonidan Yil kitobi deb topildi Sunday Times Londonda Kapuchtski ko'plab xalqaro adabiy mukofotlarga sazovor bo'ldi, bu uning ijodiga tan berdi ijodBularga, masalan, ikki yillik kiradi Gans Gyote mukofoti Gamburgdagi fond tomonidan mukofotlangan, Alfred Toepfer Stiftung u 1999 yilda olgan; yoki italyancha Elza Morante mukofoti (Premio Elsa Morante, Sezione Culture D'Europa) 2005 yilda, uning uchun Gerodot bilan sayohat (Premio Elsa Morante-ning "Evropa madaniyati" deb nomlangan yangi toifasi, aslida o'sha hakamlar hay'ati tomonidan berilgan alohida mukofot, ehtimol u uchun maxsus yaratilgan).[79]

2001 yilda Kapuchtski adabiyotni oldi Prix ​​Tropiques ning Frantsiya taraqqiyot agentligi uning kitobi uchun Quyosh soyasi, nomi bilan Frantsiyada nashr etilgan Ébène: Afrikalar afrikalariBir yil oldin frantsuz adabiy oyligi tomonidan yilning eng yaxshi kitobi deb topilgan, Lire; kitob Italiya adabiy mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi, Feudo Di Mayda mukofoti (to'liq, Premio Letterario Internazionale Feudo Di Mayda), 2000 yil uchun.[80] O'sha yili (2000) Kapushtski nufuzli mukofotga sazovor bo'ldi Premio Internazionale Viareggio-Versilia,[81] shuningdek olgan Creola mukofoti (Premio Creola) ichida Boloniya (sayohat kitoblari va madaniyatlararo uchrashuvlarni osonlashtirgani uchun),[82] va "Premio Letterario 'Della Resistenza"" ning Pyemont shahri Omegna (Premio Omegna).[83]

2003 yilda Kapushtski uni oldi Premio Grinzane Cavour per la Lettura in Turin;[84] bilan bo'lishdi Asturiya shahzodasi mukofoti ("Aloqa va gumanitar fanlar" toifasida) Peru dinshunosi bilan Gustavo Gutierrez; va mukofotlandi Kreyskiy mukofoti (Bruno-Kreisky-Preis für das politische Buch) butun ishi uchun ("Sonderpreis für das publizistische Gesamtwerk"; mukofotlash marosimi bo'lib o'tgan Vena keyingi yilning may oyida).[85] Adabiy reportajlarning doyeni sifatida u 2003 yil oktyabr oyida Berlinda bo'lib o'tgan ochilish marosimida asosiy ma'ruzachi bo'lgan. Reportyorlik san'ati uchun Lettre Uliss mukofotlari.[86]

2005 yilda Kapushtski she'rlarining italiyalik nashri (o'tgan yili bosma nashrda paydo bo'lgan) Taccuino d'appunti ning tarjimasida Silvano De Fanti ) davlat tomonidan moliyalashtiriladigan g'olib bo'ldi Neapol mukofoti (Premio Napoli).[87] Italiya sovrinlarini yakunlash uchun keyingi yil Kaputsiyskiga maxsus toifadagi mukofot berildi Ilaria Alpi mukofoti butun faoliyati davomida (Premio Ilaria Alpi alla carriera), Italiya jurnalistik mukofotlaridan eng taniqli biri, Italiyalik tergovchi muxbir ichida o'ldirilgan Somali 1994 yilda (mukofot doirasi telejurnalistika bilan cheklangan bo'lsa-da, Kapustski uchun u, masalan, Elza Morante mukofotida bo'lgani kabi, u boshqa tarzda munosib topolmaydigan sovrinlarning maxsus toifalari yaratilgan).[88] Kapushtski faxriy doktorlik unvonlarini oldi Sileziya universiteti (1997), the Vrotslav universiteti (2001), Sofiya universiteti (2002), Gdansk universiteti (2004), Yagelloniya universiteti (2004). 2005 yil iyun oyida Kaputtski harbiy xizmatchilar tomonidan faxriy doktorlik unvoniga sazovor bo'ldi Ramon Lull universiteti Barselona, ​​Ispaniya;[89] va o'limidan sakkiz oy oldin 2006 yil may oyida u xuddi shunday darajani olgan Udine universiteti Italiyada.[90]

2010 yilda Varshava poytaxti Kengashi tomonidan tashkil etilgan Ryszard Kapushtski nomidagi adabiy reportaj uchun mukofot eng muhim reportaj kitoblarini ajratish va targ'ib qilishning bir shakli sifatida, zamonaviy dolzarb masalalarga bag'ishlangan, mulohaza uyg'otadigan va boshqa madaniyatlar dunyosi haqidagi bilimlarimizni chuqurlashtiradigan.[91]

Qarama-qarshiliklar va tarjimai hollar

Kamida 1987 yildan beri[92] Kapuchtskining muxbir sifatida haqiqatliligi haqida bahslashdi va u o'zining ishi allegorik bo'lganligi haqidagi izoh bilan javob qaytardi.[93] O'z hisobiga ko'ra, u sanalar, ismlar va voqealar tartibidan qochishni tanladi.[94] Hech bo'lmaganda 2001 yildan beri Kapushtskiy asarini qaysi turga ajratish kerakligi to'g'risida adabiy munozaralar bo'lib o'tdi.

2001 yil sharh Jon Rayl Kapuchtskiy nomli memuariga tegishli Quyosh soyasi o'sha yili chiqarilgan.[95] Ryle, Kapuchtskining reportajining ishonchliligi haqidagi savollar boshlangan deb da'vo qildi Imperator. Kapuitski tarjimasini sinchkovlik bilan o'rganish sodiqlik Efiopiya saroylari tomonidan Ryle "amhar tilida so'zlashuvchilar bu sharaflar ularning tilidagi hech qanday ma'lum iboralarga mos kelmasligini aytishadi". Ryle, Efiopiyaga 1990-yillarda harakat qilganida tashrif buyurganligini yozgan Quyosh soyasi bo'lib o'tayotgan edi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, hikoyada noaniqliklar bo'lgan, masalan Mengistu Generallar adolatdan qochib qutulmadilar va ular orasida "akademiklar" juda kam edi.[95] Rayl Kaputsiyskiyning informatorlarining bosh harflari sud majlisidagi guvohlarning ismlariga to'g'ri kelmasligini payqadi. Derg yilda Addis-Ababa.[95] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, Kapuchtskining poytaxtdagi kitob do'konlari yo'qligi haqidagi ta'rifi u erda oxirgi marta bo'lganida ko'rganlariga to'g'ri kelmaydi, chunki u erda oltita kitob do'koni topilgan. Shuningdek, u Kapiltskining Xayl Selassi kutubxonasi borligini, yaxshi o'qiganligi va izohli hujjatlari borligini aytib, kitoblarni o'qimaganligi haqidagi bayonotiga qarshi chiqdi.[95]

Rayl davom etdi:

Bunday tanqidlarga javoban, Imperator Efiopiya bilan umuman bog'liq emasligi, bu Polshadagi kommunistik hokimiyat yoki umuman avtokratik rejimlarning allegoriyasi ekanligi ta'kidlandi. ... Kapuchtskining boshqa kitoblari singari, Imperator ham aniq reportaj sifatida birma-bir taqdim etiladi va u o'quvchining e'tiboriga o'z da'vosini ta'kidlaydi. ... Bunday bahonalarda ishda ikki tomonlama standart, aniq evrosentrik tarafkashlik mavjud. Polsha Ichki xavfsizlik politsiyasining noma'lum va izsiz a'zolaridan noaniq sharoitlarda olingan shubhali ma'lumotlardan foydalangan holda, muallif kommunistik Polshada Gierek rejimining so'nggi yillari haqida janjalli vahiylar kitobini nashr etgan gipotetik ishini ko'rib chiqing. Bu haqiqatan ham Polsha haqidagi kitob sifatida emas, balki imperatorlik Efiopiyasida sodir bo'lgan voqealar haqida allegorik bayon sifatida yozilganligi sababli uning haqiqat yoki yo'qligi muhim emasligini aytish uchun bunday kitobni oqilona himoya qilish deb hisoblanmaydi. ... Bunday tanqidlar Kapuchtskining yozgan yorqin jozibasi, uning nurli lahzalari, u yozgan mamlakatlar aholisiga tez-tez jonli hamdardligi haqida yozib qo'ymaydi, ammo ular buni haqiqatga ko'rsatma sifatida jiddiy qabul qilmasligimizdan ogohlantiradi.[95]

Polshalik olimlar doktor Beata Nowacka (Sileziya universiteti )[96] va doktor Zigmunt Zitek (vaPolsha Fanlar akademiyasi )[97] tomonidan nashr etilgan Kapushtskining birinchi biografiyasini yozgan Znak nomi bilan 2008 yilda Ryszard Kapushtski. Biografiya pisarza.[98] Ularning monografiyasi 2010 yilda ispan tiliga tarjima qilingan (Kapuscinski. Una biografía literaria) va 2012 yilda italiyaliklarga (Ryszard Kapushtski. Biografia di uno scrittore). Professor Silvano De Fanti Udine universiteti uchun Kapuchtskining biografiyasini yozgan Opera (2009), italyan tilida nashr etilgan Meridiani seriyasi Barcha mamlakatlarning barcha zamonalarining yirik yozuvchilarini yig'ishni maqsad qilgan.[99][100]

2010 yilda Polsha tilidagi monografiya Kapushtski nomli badiiy adabiyot tomonidan yozilgan Artur Domoslavskiy Varshavada nashr etilgan.[101] Kapuchtskining bevasi Alicya Kapuchtska, tuhmat va shaxsiy hayotga tajovuz qilishni da'vo qilib, Domoslavskiyning kitobiga qarshi sud buyrug'i so'radi. Polsha sudi buyruqni Domoslavskiyga erining arxiviga kirish huquqini berishni tanlaganligi sababli rad etdi.[102] Bilan intervyuda Guardian Domoslavskiy: "Kapuchtski jurnalistikada tajriba o'tkazar edi. U jurnalistika va adabiyot o'rtasidagi chegarani kesib o'tganini bilmagan edi. Men hali ham uning kitoblari ajoyib va ​​qadrli deb o'ylayman. Ammo oxir-oqibat ular badiiy adabiyotga tegishli", dedi.[102] Domoslavskiyning monografiyasi 2012 yilda Antonia Lloyd-Jons tomonidan ingliz tiliga tarjima qilingan va birinchi bo'lib nashr etilgan Versa kitoblari kabi Ryszard Kapushtski. Hayot 2012 yilda.[103]

Nil Ascherson 2010 yil mart oyida Kapuchski-ni himoya qilib: "Hech qanday shubha, men ko'rib turganimdek, u gazetalarga yuborgan xabarlari va xususiyatlari to'g'risida emas. Polsha matbuot agentligi. Ular uning kitoblari haqida. Uning kitoblarida tasvirlangan sarguzashtlar va uchrashuvlar haqiqatning boshqa darajasida. Uning do'sti singari Gabriel Gartsiya Markes, Kapushtski "adabiy reportaj" haqida gapirar edi. Sizga aytilgan narsalarga ishonishingiz kerak, ammo har bir tafsilotda emas. ... O'zining jurnalistikasida ehtiyotkorlik bilan, kitoblarida u haqiqatni yanada haqiqatga aylantirish uchun ixtiro qilishga qodir edi. U ajoyib hikoya qiluvchi edi, lekin yolg'onchi emas edi. " [104] Timoti Garton Ash ko'proq tanqidiy edi. Ash o'sha oyning oxirida yozgan (uning ichida qayta nashr etilgan Faktlar buzg'unchidir): "Kapuscinski bilan biz Keniyadan haqiqatan ham fantastika Tanzaniyasiga o'tishda davom etamiz va yana qaytamiz, ammo bu o'tish hech qanday aniq ishora bermagan."[105]

Domoslavskiyning ingliz tilidagi tarjimasini ko'rib chiqish Financial Times 2012 yilda o'sha paytdagi doimiy kotib Nobel - mukofotlash Shvetsiya akademiyasi, Piter Englund, dedi: "Qanday bo'lmasin," adabiy reportaj "dagi" adabiy "sizni haqiqatlarga bo'lgan burchingizdan ozod qilmaydi. Mening fikrimcha, buni siz o'zingiz siljigan tarozi sifatida ko'rish mumkin emas asta-sekin aniq bir matnga fantastika tomchilarini kiritishga qodir, bu aralashma ma'lum bir vaqt ichida sof fantastikaga aylanguniga qadar. Yo'q, fantastika elementi matnga kiritilgandan so'ng, hamma darhol fantastikaga aylanadi - ehtimol kuchli o'xshashlik bilan fantastika haqiqiy dunyo, ammo baribir fantastika. "[106]

Birinchi biograflar Nowacka va Zitek o'zlarining yangi kitoblari bilan Domoslavskiyning da'volariga javob berishdi, Badiiy adabiyot. Czytanie Kapuścińskiego po Domosławskim (Badiiy adabiyot: Domoslavskiydan keyin Kapushtskiyni o'qish) [1] tomonidan polyak tilida nashr etilgan Sileziya universiteti 2013 yilda bosing.[107] Ular mifni yaratish aybloviga va uning afsonasiga, shuningdek muallifning hayotiy bilimlaridan tanlangan va moyil foydalanishga, adabiy reportajlarni tushunishning etishmasligiga, matnlar va iqtiboslar bilan manipulyatsiyani ko'rsatib, konflikt va fursatparastlikka qarshi chiqmoqdalar. Domoslavskiy tomonidan qilingan ko'plab faktik va texnik xatolar. 2013 yilda Domoslavskiyning noshiri Alicya Kapushtska va uning qizidan kechirim so'radi.[108] 2015 yil may oyida Varshavadagi sud tomonidan tuzatishlar kiritildi, shuningdek Domoslavskiy Kapuchtskining bevasidan kechirim so'rashi kerakligi to'g'risida qaror chiqarildi, ammo 2015 yil avgust oyida o'sha sud muallif Kapusitskiyning qizidan kechirim so'ramasligi to'g'risida qaror chiqardi.[109][110]

Tanlangan kitoblar

Asarlar ingliz tilida mavjud

  • Hayotning yana bir kuni (Jeszcze dzień życia) (1976)
  • Futbol urushi (Wojna futbolowa) (1978)
  • Imperator: Avtokratning qulashi (Sezar) (1978)
  • Shaxlar (Szachinszach) (1982)
  • Imperium (Imperium) (1993)
  • Quyosh soyasi (Xeban) (1998)
  • Ko'p madaniyatli dunyoda bizning vazifalarimiz (Powinności obywatela świata wielokulturowego) (2002)[111]
  • Gerodot bilan sayohat (Podróże z Herodotem) (2007)[112]
  • Boshqalar bilan uchrashish: Yigirma birinchi asrning choralari - Yagellon universiteti qoshidagi Polsha tili va madaniyati yillik o'ttiz oltinchi yillik maktabining ochilish ma'ruzasi, 5 iyul, 2005 yil (Spotkanie z Innym jako wyzwanie XXI wieku: zyk okazji otvarcia 36. Szkoły Języka i Kultury Polskiej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego) (2005)[113][114]
  • Aysberg ichida (Wewnątrz góry lodowej; dan ajratib oling Quyosh soyasi ) (2007)
  • Men tosh yozganman: Rishard Kapuchtskining tanlangan she'riyati (2007)[115]
  • Kobraning yuragi (ko'chirma Quyosh soyasi ) (2007)
  • Boshqa (O'n Inni) (2008)[116] - muallif ma'ruzalari to'plami.
  • Mening ertalab yurishim (Spacer poranny) (2009)[117][118] - Polsha va Varshava haqidagi 1990-yillarda yozilgan va Kapuchtski vafotidan keyin topilgan reportaj. Polshadagi asl matndan tashqari ingliz, nemis va ispan tillariga tarjimalarini o'z ichiga olgan kitobda nashr etilgan.
  • To'plangan she'rlar (Wiersze zebrani) (2012)[119]

Hozirda ingliz tilida ishlamaydi

  • Polsha tupi (Busz po polsku) (1962) - Dastlabki insholar to'plami.
  • Qora yulduzlar (Czarne gwiazdy) (1963) - diqqat markazida bo'lgan kitob Kvame Nkrumah va Patris Lumumba.
  • Qirg'izlar bekor qiladi (Kirgiz schodzi z konia) (1968) – Essays and articles about seven of the Kavkaz and Central Asian republics of the (then) Soviet Union (some of the material subsequently incorporated in Imperium ).
  • If All Africa... (Gdyby cała Afryka) (1969) – A collection of essays and articles about Africa.
  • Why Karl von Spreti Died (Dlaczego zginął Karl von Spreti) (1970) – A book about Gvatemala during the 1960s and 1970s, in the background of the assassination of Karl fon Spreti.
  • Christ With a Rifle on His Shoulder (Chrystus z karabinem na ramieniu) (1975) – A book which focuses on the partisan movements in Africa, Latin America and Middle East.
  • An Invitation to Georgia (Zaproszenie do Gruzji) (1983)
  • Daftar (Izohlar) (1986) – First collection of the author's poetry.
  • Lapidarium (1990)
  • Lapidarium II (1995)
  • Lapidarium III (1997)
  • Lapidarium IV (2000)
  • A Cynic wouldn't Suit This Profession: Conversations about Good Journalism (Il cinico non è adatto a questo mestiere: conversazioni sul buon giornalismo) (2000)[49] – Later translated into Spanish and Polish, includes a previously unpublished dialogue with Jon Berger.
  • Lapidarium V (2002)
  • A Reporter's Self Portrait (Autoportret reportera) (2003)[50] – A collection of interviews with and quotes by Kapuściński, translated into Hungarian (2004), Spanish (2005), Italian (2006) and French (2008).
  • The Journalist's Five Senses: Witnessing, Seeing, Listening, Sharing and Thinking (Los cinco sentidos del periodista (estar, ver, oír, compartir, pensar)) (2003)[34] – distributed for free
  • The Laws of Nature (Prawa natury) (2006) – Second collection of the author's poetry
  • I Gave a Voice to the Poor: Conversations with the Youth (Ho dato voce ai poveri: dialogo con i giovani) (2007) – A collection of interactions with Italian students.
  • Kapuściński: I cannot Encompass the World (Kapuściński: nie ogarniam świata) (2007) – A collection of seven interviews with Kapuściński between 1991 and 2006.
  • Lapidarium VI (2007)
  • To'plangan she'riyat (Wiersze zebrani) (2008)
  • Kasalxona kundaligi (Zapiski szpitalne) (2008) – Kapuściński's last writings.[120]
  • Writing: Marek Miller talks with Ryszard Kapuściński (Pisanie. Z Ryszardem Kapuścińskim rozmawia Marek Miller), Warsaw, Czytelnik, 2012 (book + DVD)[51] – conversations with Kapuściński on the art of reportage, recorded in the 1980s.

Magazine contributions in English (by issue)

  • Granta 15: A Warsaw Diary
  • Granta 16: Science
  • Granta 20: In Trouble Again
  • Granta 21: The Story-Teller
  • Granta 26: Travel
  • Granta 28: Birthday Special!
  • Granta 33: What Went Wrong?
  • Granta 48: Africa
  • Granta 73: Necessary Journeys
  • Granta 88: Mothers
  • see also, in book form: Ryszard Kapuściński [va boshq.], The Best of Granta Reportage, London, Granta, 1993.

Fotosuratlar

  • Out of Africa (Z Afryki) (2000)[53] – The author's first photo album. Ispaniyada nashr etilgan Desde Africa (2001), and in Italy as Dall'Africa (2002).
  • Ryszard Kapuściński: Fragment (2002) – Catalogue of the author's photography exhibition held at the Opus Gallery in Vrotslav 2002 yil may oyida.
  • From the World (Ze świata) (2008) – A collection of the author's photographs from all over the world, with an introduction by John Updike (text in Polish).
  • My Morning Walk (Spacer poranny) (2009) – A collection of the author's photographs from the Mokotov maydoni in Warsaw (text in English, German and Spanish, as well as Polish).
  • Ryszard Kapuściński: From the Imperium (2010) – Catalogue of the author's photography exhibition held at the Zachęta National Gallery of Art in Varshava, 18 December 2010 – 20 February 2011.
  • The Polish Bush: Postscriptum (Busz po polsku. Postscriptum) (2012) – A collection of the author's photographs from the exhibition Konin jak Colorado. These photographs were discovered in 2010.

Boshqalar

  • Pracownia Reportażu (Beck et al., inspired by Marek Miller), Who Allowed Journalists Here (Kto tu wpuścił dziennikarzy), Independent Publishing House NOWA, 1985 – 41 conversations with journalists (including Kapuściński) recorded between September 1980 and May 1981 about the Gdańsk Shipyard strikes in 1980.[121]
  • Adam Xochshild, Finding the Trapdoor: Essays, Portraits, Travels, Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press, 1997 ("Magic Journalism," pp. 241–250).
  • Anders Bodegård and Maria Söderberg, A Visit to Pinsk with Ryszard Kapuściński, tr. Frank Gabriel Perry, Enskede (Sweden), Maria Söderberg, 1999; ISBN  91-630-7912-7.
  • Kazimierz Wolny-Zmorzyński, Wobec świata i mediów. Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego dylematy dziennikarskie, literackie, społeczno-polityczne, Kraków, Instytut Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 1999 [2]
  • Gdański Areopag – Forum Dialogu (Bock et al.), Haqiqat (Prawda), Gdańsk – Pelplin, WDP Bernardinum, 2004, ISBN  83-7380-206-1 – Includes conversations with Kapuściński and other interlocutors on the subject of truth, which took place on November 9, 2003, in Gdansk.
  • Krzysztof Masłoń, Love is not Our Lot (Miłość nie jest nam dana), Warsaw, Prószyński i S-ka, 2005 – Includes conversations with Kapuściński and other interlocutors.
  • Aleksandra Kunce, The anthropology of points. Deliberations on texts by Ryszard Kapuściński (Antropologia punktów. Rozważania przy tekstach Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego), Katowice, Silesia University Press, 2008 [3]
  • Maciej Sadowski, Ryszard Kapuściński: Photobiography, Warsaw, VEDA, 2013 – in English and Polish.[122]
  • Marek Kusiba, Ryszard Kapuściński from far and near (Ryszard Kapuściński z daleka i z bliska), Warsaw, Znak 2018[123]

Hujjatli filmlar

Kapuściński wrote a screenplay for a 1962 Polish documentary film 80-dni Lumumby (80 days of Lumumba) directed by Tadeusz Jaworski about Patris Lumumba.[124]Imperfect Journey is a 1994 Ethiopian documentary film directed by Xayl Gerima. Gerima travelled to Ethiopia together with Kapuściński. The film explores the political and psychic recovery of the Ethiopian people after the repression of the military junta of Mengistu Xayl Mariam.

Documentary films about Kapuściński include Jacek Talczewski's Ryszard Kapushtski (Polish, 1987, the idea of the film by Marek Miller),[125] Filip Bajon's Poszukiwany Ryszard Kapuściński (Polish, 1998), Piotr Załuski's Druga Arka Noego (Polish, 2000), Pejzaże dzieciństwa. Ryszard Kapushtski (Polish, 2005), Gabrielle Pfeiffer's A Poet on the Front Line: The Reportage of Ryszard Kapuściński (English, 2004),[126][127] Beata Hyży-Czołpińska's Ostatnia książka Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego (Polish, 2008), Olga Prud'homme-Farges' L'Afrique vue par Ryszard Kapuściński (French, 2014, also in German as Am Puls Afrikas).,[128] and Ela Chrzanowska's Los ríos. El viaje a México con el Maestro Kapuściński (Spanish and Polish, 2016).

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar va ma'lumotnomalar

  1. ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/24/world/europe/24kapuscinski.html
  2. ^ Bożena Dudko (May 15, 2009). "Terzani pisał do niego Maestro". Wyborcza gazetasi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  3. ^ Lobo, Ramón (April 23, 2006). "El sentido de la vida es cruzar fronteras". El Pais. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  4. ^ Luis Sepulveda (2008). "Ryszard Kapuscinski: Simplemente un Maestro". Le Monde Diplomatique. Olingan 4-yanvar, 2014.
  5. ^ a b v "Polish chronicler of Third World Kapuscinski dies". Reuters. Buyuk Britaniya 2007 yil 23-yanvar. Olingan 3 yanvar, 2014.
  6. ^ Nowacka B., Ziątek Z. "Ryszard Kapuściński. Biografia pisarza", Znak, Kraków 2008
  7. ^ Mariusz Szczygieł (March 2, 2010). "Biografia Ryszarda Kapuscinski". Wyborcza gazetasi (polyak tilida). Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  8. ^ "Bill Buford, "An Interview with Ryszard Kapuścińsk". Hikoyachi. Spring (21). Granta.com. 1 mart 1987 yil. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi on September 12, 2011. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  9. ^ Krzysztof Masłoń (January 27, 2007). "Osobliwa skrytość Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego (The Remarkable Reticence of Ryszard Kapuściński)". Rzeczpospolita. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  10. ^ Adam Michnik (January 27, 2007). "Rysiek dobry i mądry (Good and Wise Ricky)". Wyborcza gazetasi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  11. ^ 2007 yil may oyidaNewsweek Polska magazine wrote that Kapuściński worked for the Communist Polish secret service from 1965 to 1972 or 1977. "Teczka pisarza" (The Dossier of a Writer; an interview with Ernest Skalski)[doimiy o'lik havola ]. Nowacka and Ziątek in the book published in 2013 Literatura "non-fiction". Czytanie Kapuścińskiego po Domosławskim (Non‑fiction literature: Reading Kapuściński after Domosławski) state that in the case of Kapuściński one can not say about Kapuściński's constant cooperation, rather about three cases of secret service's extortion on Kapuściński of intelligence activities (during his travels abroad) from which he evaded either not writing the demanded "reports" or writing analysis which could be published in the official press.
  12. ^ Cf. Jan Skarbowski [va boshq.], Nowa Huta: pierwsze socjalistyczne miasto w Polsce, Krakov, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1971. Similarly, the French urban sociologist, Paul-Henry Chombart de Lauwe (1913–1998), called Nowa Huta "ville phare du socialisme" (flagship conurbation of socialism).
  13. ^ Mariusz Szczygieł (March 2, 2010). "Biografia Ryszarda Kapuscinski". Wyborcza gazetasi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  14. ^ Diana Kuprel, "Literary Reportage: Between and Beyond Art and Fact"; ichida: Sharqiy-Markaziy Evropa adabiy madaniyati tarixi: 19-20 asrlarda bo'g'inlar va ajralishlar, tahrir. M. Cornis-Pope and J. Neubauer, Amsterdam, Benjamins, 2004–2006, vol.1, p.384. ISBN  90-272-3452-3.
  15. ^ a b v d e "Antyciała: z Ryszardem Kapuścińskim rozmawia Andrzej Skworz" (Antibodies: An Interview with Ryszard Kapuściński Conducted by A. Skworz), Matbuot (monthly magazine), No. 2 (121), February 2006, pp. 25–28. ISSN 1425-9818.
  16. ^ "The Soccer Wars (excerpt from jacket)". Granta. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  17. ^ "Kapuściński's "official" biography on the Kapuściński.info Internet portal". Kapuscinski.info. 2007 yil 31-yanvar. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  18. ^ Donald Morrison (June 7, 2007). "Fellow Travelers". Vaqt. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  19. ^ Ernesto Guevara, Dziennik z Boliwii Che Guevara, intro. Fidel Castro, ed. & tr. R. Kapuściński, Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Książka i Wiedza, 1970.
  20. ^ A film-script adaptation of Kapuściński's The Emperor, tomonidan yozilgan Marsel Lozinskiy for the film-director Andjey Vayda in 1979, has never reached the production stage, having been banned by Communist censors (Kapuściński's original book was not affected). Monika Mokrzycka-Pokora (August 2003). "Andjey Vayda". madaniyat.pl. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi on March 19, 2013. 2013 yil yanvar oyida olingan. Sana qiymatlarini tekshiring: | kirish tarixi = (Yordam bering)
  21. ^ "Ze studentami rozmawia Ryszard Kapuściński" [Polish Students interview Ryszard Kapuściński about a revolution]. Wola (Polshada). 30 (236): 4. November 30, 1987. Olingan 19 may, 2014.
  22. ^ Pracownia Reportażu (Beck et al., inspired by Marek Miller), Who Allowed Journalists Here ("Kto tu wpuścił dziennikarzy"), Independent Publishing House NOWA, 1985 http://kapuscinski.info/kto-tu-wpuscil-dziennikarzy.html
  23. ^ "Arena: Kapuściński". BBC to'rtligi. 1988 yil. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2014.
  24. ^ Brittain, Victoria (January 25, 2007). "Obituary: Ryszard Kapuściński". Guardian. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2014.
  25. ^ "Leven & werken: Ryszard Kapuściński (Paul Scheffer speaks with Ryszard Kapuściński)" (ingliz va golland tillarida). VPRO. 1999 yil. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2014.
  26. ^ Kapuściński R., "Encountering the Other", Universitas, Kraków 2007
  27. ^ "Institute of Books". Instytutksiazki.pl. Olingan 18 avgust, 2013.
  28. ^ Mackey, Robert (March 8, 2010). "Fact, Fiction and Kapuscinski". Nyu-York Tayms. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  29. ^ a b Ryszard Kapuściński, Autoportret reportera, tahrir. K. Strączek, Cracow, Znak, 2003, p. 42. ISBN  83-240-0347-9.
  30. ^ Adam Hochschild (November 3, 1994). "Magic Journalism". Nyu-York kitoblarining sharhi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  31. ^ Elzbieta Foeller-Pituch. "Ryszard Kapuscinski". The Literary Encyclopedia. Shimoli-g'arbiy universiteti. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  32. ^ In an article in Slate jurnali, yozuvchi Jek Shafer called Kapuściński a fabulist who did not adhere to the basic rules of journalism."The Lies of Ryszard Kapuściński". Jek Shafer, Slate jurnali, January 25, 2007. As part of his criticism, Shafer cited the anthropology professor Jon Rayl. His condemnation was rebutted by Meghan O'Rourke yilda Slate five days later; O'Rourke contended that Kapuściński's invention of petty details to reveal a larger truth did not make him a bad journalist. O'Rourke, Meghan (January 30, 2007). "Ryszard Kapuściński: Defending his literary license". Slate jurnali
  33. ^ Britaniyalik jurnalist Michela Noto'g'ri da yozgan Yangi shtat arbobi, "Kapuściński would have helped his own case if he had been more consistent, and modest, about what he offered. If you present your work as 'magical journalism', of the Gartsiya Markes genre, best not simultaneously lecture a younger generation of journalists, as he did, on their imprecision. And if your prime years in the field were largely confined to the Sovuq urush, best not present yourself as an eternal sage on the subject."Pilger, John; Wrong, Michela (February 12, 2007). "Kapuściński, More Magical than Real". Yangi shtat arbobi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  34. ^ a b v Santiago Real de Azúa (April 2004). "Melancholy defense of a fast-changing profession: A celebrated Polish journalist reflects on the future of the news". IDBAmerica. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 20 sentyabrda. Olingan 23 yanvar, 2014.
  35. ^ "Information on the website dedicated to Tiziano Terzani".
  36. ^ Artur Domosławski Gazeta Wyborcza Cartagena – Bogota (January 19, 2008). "Artur Domosławski, "Kapu uczy latynosów" (Kapu Teaches the Latinos)". Wyborcza gazetasi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  37. ^ Tomasz Łubieński (b. 1938), "Uczeń Kapuścińskiego?" (Kapuściński's Pupil?), Wyborcza gazetasi, March 3, 2010, p. 13 (in Polish) ("...być może uważał za swoich reporterskich poprzedników Melchiora Wańkowicza i Curzio Malapartego, dla których liczył się efekt, wrażenie, szczegół o sile metafory...")
  38. ^ K. Janowska; P. Mucharski (June 3, 2001). "Zawód: dziennikarz (Profession: Journalist)". Tygodnik Povzechniy. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  39. ^ Ryszard Kapuściński, Autoportret reportera Arxivlandi July 24, 2011, at the Orqaga qaytish mashinasi, Cracow, Znak (2003). ISBN  83-240-0347-9. (Of Pruszyński and Wańkowicz, Kapuściński says: "Obu znałem osobiście, obu podziwiałem, kochałem i ceniłem." (I have known them both personally, I have admired them both, I have loved them and esteemed them).)
  40. ^ "El polaco que denunciaba todos los crímenes". Kapuscinski.es (ispan tilida). Olingan 21 iyul, 2014. Pruszynski, de quien se inspiró el gran reportero polaco Ryszard Kapuscinski
  41. ^ Diana Kuprel, "Literary Reportage: Between and Beyond Art and Fact"; ichida: History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and Disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, tahrir. M. Cornis-Pope and J. Neubauer, Amsterdam, John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2004–2006, vol. 1, pp. 382–83. ISBN  90-272-3452-3.
  42. ^ Gosia Kasperska, "Coetzee i Kapuściński—próba zestawienia afrykańskich motywów twórczości" Arxivlandi 2012 yil 22 mart, soat Orqaga qaytish mashinasi; unpublished (?) dissertation, Vrotslav universiteti; kuni nashr etilgan Kapuscinski.info Internet portal, March 18, 2011.
  43. ^ "Poland's Loss: Poland's Giant of Reportage is Dead". Iqtisodchi. 2007 yil 25-yanvar. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  44. ^ bulletsandhoney. "African Bullets & Honey, the literary blog of the writer". Bulletsandhoney.wordpress.com. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  45. ^ a b Aleksandar Hemon (April 24, 2001). "Misguided Tour". Qishloq ovozi. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  46. ^ a b W. F. Deedes (June 15, 2001). "A Good Man in Africa". Daily Telegraph. Buyuk Britaniya. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  47. ^ Neal Ascherson (June 21, 2001). "In the Pit of History". Nyu-York kitoblarining sharhi. Nybooks.com. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  48. ^ Qarang: Europa jest na szczęśie mała, z Ryszardem Kapuścińskim rozmawia Jacek Antczak, "Słowo Polskie" 1999, no. 12. Later published in Kapuściński's book Autoportret reportera, Znak, 2003, p. 40. Quote in Polish: "Nie ma czegoś takiego jak obiektywizm. Obiektywizm to jest kwestia sumienia tego, który pisze. I sam powinien sobie udzielić odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy to co pisze, jest bliskie prawdy, czy nie."
  49. ^ a b Ryszard Kapuściński, Il cinico non è adatto a questo mestiere: conversazioni sul buon giornalismo, tahrir. M. Nadotti; Rome, Edizioni e/o, 2000. Published as part of the series "Piccola biblioteca morale", No. 26., "Arxivlangan nusxa". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 1 fevralda. Olingan 23 yanvar, 2014.CS1 maint: nom sifatida arxivlangan nusxa (havola) ISBN  88-7641-414-2.
  50. ^ a b Ryszard Kapuściński, Autoportret reportera, Kraków, Znak, 2003. http://www.znak.com.pl/kartoteka,ksiazka,20,Autoportret-reportera
  51. ^ a b Ryszard Kapuściński, Pisanie, Warszawa, Czytelnik, 2012. http://czytelnik.pl/?ID=ksiazka&ID2=392
  52. ^ Uchun RFI va Euronews see his book Lapidarium IV (Warsaw 2000, p. 100). Uchun Iqtisodchi see his book Lapidaria (Warsaw 2004, p. 467). Uchun International Herald Tribune maqolaga qarang The reporter as poet from 18 September 1994 in Mustaqil by Ian Parker – https://web.archive.org/web/20141029014135/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-reporter-as-poet-the-polish-writer-ryszard-kapuscinski-may-be-one-of-our-last-great-foreign-correspondents-in-whose-reports-morality-philosophy-and-poetry-exist-side-by-side-with-fact-now-something-of-a-media-star-he-joins-the-modern-historians-with-a-new-book-about-the-end-of-the-soviet-union-1449539.html
  53. ^ a b Ryszard Kapuściński, Ryszard Kapuściński z Afryki, Bielsko-Biała, Wydawnictwo Buffi, 2000; 128 pp. ISBN  83-906554-9-7.
  54. ^ Ryszard Kapuściński, Ze świata, kirish. John Updike, ed. I. Wojciechowska, Krakov, Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak, 2008. ISBN  978-83-240-1053-0. Iqtiboslar
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  56. ^ "Publishers' info". Znak.com.pl. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  57. ^ "Ryszard Kapuściński, "Zderzenie cywilizacji" (The Clash of Civilisations), an interview". Chomikuj.pl. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  58. ^ Magdalena Rittenhouse (February 12, 2007). "Remembrance: Ryszard Kapuscinski". Millat. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  59. ^ Ricardo Cayuela Gally (July 2002). "Entrevista con Ryszard Kapuscinski". Letras Libres (ispan tilida). Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  60. ^ "The reporter as poet: The Polish writer Ryszard Kapuscinski may be one of our last great foreign correspondents in whose reports morality, philosophy and poetry exist side by side with fact." by Ian Parker (The Independent, 18 September 1994), https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-reporter-as-poet-the-polish-writer-ryszard-kapuscinski-may-be-one-of-our-last-great-foreign-correspondents-in-whose-reports-morality-philosophy-and-poetry-exist-side-by-side-with-fact-now-something-of-a-media-star-he-joins-the-modern-historians-with-a-new-book-about-the-end-of-the-soviet-union-1449539.html 2014 yil 1-fevralda olingan.
  61. ^ "Anders Bodegard o śmierci Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego". Instytut Książki. 2007 yil 24-yanvar. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2011 yil 29 sentyabrda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  62. ^ Owchar, Nick (March 29, 2008). "Kapuściński... the poet?". Los Angeles Times Books. Olingan 28 iyun, 2018.
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  64. ^ "Bez". Bolekczyta.filmaster.pl. 2010 yil 25 mart. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  65. ^ Rice, Andrew (October 1, 2007). "Yo'lovchi", Millat
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  67. ^ "Światowi pisarze: Najczęściej tłumaczeni polscy autorzy współcześni w ostatniej dekadzie (World Writers: Most-Frequently Translated Contemporary Polish Authors in the Last Decade, 1990–2000)". Polityka. October 7, 2000. pp. 58–60. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
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  69. ^ "Daniel Alarcón on War by Candlelight: A Conversation with Daniel Alarcón". HarperCollins. 2010 yil 24 mart. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  70. ^ Richard Bernstein (May 11, 2001). "The Shadow of the Sun: Africa, a Mosaic of Mystery and Sorrow". The New York Times. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  71. ^ Cf. Philip Melling, Fundamentalism in America: Millennialism, Identity, and Militant Religion, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1999, p. xiv. ISBN  0-7486-0978-4.
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  73. ^ "Björn Wiman: Anna Politkovskajas minne vore värt ett Nobelpris", Dagens Nyheter October 7, 2010. ("Polske Ryszard Kapuscinski gick dessvärre bort innan han fick priset...")
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  79. ^ "Official announcement of the 2005 award of the Premio Elsa Morante (Sezione Culture D'Europa) to Kapuściński". Premioelsamorante.it. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 22 iyulda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  80. ^ "Official photo showing Kapuściński receiving the Feudo Di Maida prize". Feudodimaida.it. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 22 iyulda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  81. ^ "Official citation for the 2000 Premio Internazionale Viareggio-Versilia". Premioletterarioviareggiorepaci.it. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2010 yil 27 iyulda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
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  84. ^ "Premio Grinzane per la Lettura a Kapuscinski: la motivazione" (italyan tilida). Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Editore. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 2 avgustda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  85. ^ "Kreisky-Preis-TrägerInnen 2003" (nemis tilida). The Renner Institut. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2011 yil 21 avgustda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  86. ^ "Lettre Ulysses Award Keynote Speech of 2003 (English version) on the official website for the Award". Lettre-ulysses-award.org. 2003 yil 4 oktyabr. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  87. ^ "Official notification of the Fondazione Premio Napoli listing Kapuściński as the recipient of the prize". Premionapoli.it. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  88. ^ Vincenzo Sassu (March 10, 2006). "A Ryszard Kapuscinski il Premio Ilaria Alpi alla carriera". ComunicLab.it. Faculty of Communications Science, Sapienza Università di Roma. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 23 martda. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  89. ^ "Official notification of the Ramon Llull University announcing the award of honorary doctorate to Kapuściński". Url.edu. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  90. ^ "Official announcement by the University of Udine of the conferment of honorary degree on Kapuściński" (italyan tilida). Qui.uniud.it. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  91. ^ "Nagroda im. Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego – Ryszard Kapuściński". Kulturalna Varszava. 2013 yil 17-may. Olingan 3 yanvar, 2014.
  92. ^ http://www.richardwebster.net/johnryle.html
  93. ^ http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/recycled/2007/01/ryszard_kapuciski.html
  94. ^ http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/press_box/2007/01/the_lies_of_ryszard_kapuciski.html
  95. ^ a b v d e John Ryle (2001), "At play in the bush of ghosts" originally published as the "Tales of Mythical Africa" by the Times adabiy qo'shimchasi, 27 Iyul 2001. Taqriz: Ryszard Kaputtski, Quyosh soyasi, Klara Glowczewska tomonidan tarjima qilingan, 336 bet, Pingvin kitoblari, 2001. Qarang: Sharhni to'liq nashr eting.
  96. ^ Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego (2012), Beata Nowacka. About the author.
  97. ^ Wydawnictwo Znak (7 November 2008), Zygmunt Ziątek. About the author.
  98. ^ "Ryszard Kapuściński. Biografia pisarza Beata Nowacka, Zygmunt Ziątek". Znak. 2008 yil 10-noyabr. Olingan 3 yanvar, 2014.
  99. ^ Kapuściński, Ryszard (2009). Opera (italyan tilida). Mondadori. ISBN  9788804557357. Olingan 21 iyul, 2014.
  100. ^ "Classics to enjoy: Meridiani". Mondadori.com. Mondadori. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 11 avgustda. Olingan 21 iyul, 2014.
  101. ^ Artur Domosławski (2010), Kapuściński non-fiction, Wydawnictwo Świat książki, Warszawa, Hardcover, ISBN  978-83-247-1906-8, elektron kitob: ISBN  978-83-247-1981-5. Świat Książki izi Bertelsmann.
  102. ^ a b Luke Harding (2 March 2010), Poland's ace reporter Ryszard Kapuściński accused of fiction-writing. Guardian.com.
  103. ^ Artur Domoslawski (2012), Ryszard Kapuściński: A Life. Versa kitoblari. ISBN  1844679187, 464 pages. Google Books.
  104. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2010/mar/03/ryszard-kapuscinski-story-liar
  105. ^ Timothy Garton Ash (10 March 2010), Ryszard Kapuściński. Fikr. Bearing witness is a sacred trust. Guardian.com.
  106. ^ https://www.ft.com/content/b63cf254-ed1d-11e1-95ba-00144feab49a
  107. ^ "Publikacje" (Polshada). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. 2013 yil 14-yanvar. Olingan 3 yanvar, 2014.
  108. ^ An announcement by the publisher Świat Książki was published on October 18, 2013, in "Gazeta Wyborcza" newspaper. It reads (in Polish): Zarząd Spółki Świat Książki Sp z o.o. wyraża ubolewanie z powodu naruszenia dóbr osobistych Pani Alicji Kapuścińskiej i Pani Rene Maisner, to jest prawa do prywatności, dobrego imienia i godności oraz kultu po zmarłym Ryszardzie Kapuścińskim poprzez wydawanie i rozpowszechnianie książki "Kapuściński non-fiction" zawierające nieprawdziwe informacje, odnośnie Pani Alicji Kapuścińskiej i Pani Rene Maisner.
  109. ^ We know the verdict on the biography of Ryszard Kapuściński Polish Radio SA 27 May 2015
  110. ^ http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/218696,Kapuscinski-daughter-loses-case-against-her-fathers-biographer- Kapuscinski-daughter-loses-case-against-her-fathers-biographer
  111. ^ Bilingual edition; tr. Michael Jacobs; Krakov, Fundacja Judaica/Centrum Kultury Żydowskiej, 2002. The 2001 Aleksander and Alicja Hertz Annual Memorial Lecture, No. 3. ISBN  83-916293-1-7.
  112. ^ "Travels with Herodotus by Ryszard Kapuscinski". Tasodifiy uy. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  113. ^ Bilingual edition; tr. Katarzyna Mroczkowska-Brand and William Brand; Krakov, Towarzystwo Autorów i Wydawców Prac Naukowych Universitas, 2005. ISBN  83-242-0412-1.
  114. ^ Encountering the Other: The Challenge for the Twenty-first Century by Ryszard Kapuściński. The opening lecture to the summer session at Jagiellonian University, in Krakow http://www.digitalnpq.org/articles/nobel/8/08-05-2005/ryszard_kapuscinski
  115. ^ I Wrote Stone: The Selected Poetry of Ryszard Kapuscinski. Biblioaz. 2007 yil. Olingan 28 iyun, 2018.
  116. ^ "Publisher's listing on Verso Books of London". Versobooks.com. Olingan 13-noyabr, 2011.
  117. ^ "My Morning Walk by Ryszard Kapuscinski". Culture.pl. Olingan 16 yanvar, 2014.
  118. ^ "Paseo matutino - Ryszard Kapuscinski". El Pais. Olingan 16 yanvar, 2014.
  119. ^ Kapushtski, Ryszard (2012). Wiersze zebrane / To'plangan she'rlar (polyak va ingliz tillarida). UMCS va Polsha-Kanada nashriyot fondi. p. 242. ISBN  97883-7784-164-8. Olingan 28 iyun, 2018.
  120. ^ Birgalikda nashr etilgan: Yaroslav Mikolajevskiy, Sentymentalny portreti Ryszarda KapuśskiegoRyszard Kapushtski bilan [, birga] Zapiski szpitalne; so'z boshlovchi A. Kapushtska (Krakov, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2008); ISBN  978-83-08-04263-2.
  121. ^ Kapushtskining "Kto tu wpuścił dziennikarzy" kitobidan iqtiboslari (polyak tilida). http://kapuscinski.info/kto-tu-wpuscil-dziennikarzy.html
  122. ^ "Ryszard Kapushtski. Fotobiografiya". VEDA. 2013 yil. Olingan 15 oktyabr, 2014.
  123. ^ Kusiba, Marek (2018). Ryszard Kapuściński z daleka i z bliska. Varshava: Znak. Olingan 2 iyul, 2018.
  124. ^ Filmni ko'ring L'Afrique vue par Ryszard Kapushtski (13:56)
  125. ^ Film DVD sifatida kitob bilan biriktirilgan Pisani. Z Ryszardem Kapuscińskim rozmawia Marek Miller, 2012 yilda Polshada nashr etilgan
  126. ^ "Birinchi qatorda shoir". Olingan 21 iyul, 2014.
  127. ^ Pfeiffer, Gabrielle. "Frontda shoir". Olingan 21 iyul, 2014.
  128. ^ "L'Afrique vue par Ryszard Kapuscinski". Arte (frantsuz tilida). Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 2 aprelda. Olingan 27 mart, 2015.

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Xoxsild, Odam (1994 yil 3-noyabr). "Sehrli jurnalistika". Nyu-York kitoblarining sharhi. 41 (18): 13–15. Sharh Imperium.
  • Manne, Robert (1995 yil dekabr). "Ryszard Kapuscinski bilan suhbat". Kvadrant. 39 (12): 40–43.

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