Tommi Robinson (faol) - Tommy Robinson (activist)

Tommy Robinson ismli boshqa odamlar uchun qarang Tommi Robinson (so'z ma'nosi).

Tommi Robinson
Tommy Robinson at Speakers' Corner, Hyde Park.png
Robinson at Spikerlar burchagi, Hyde Park, London 2018 yil mart oyida
Tug'ilgan
Stiven Kristofer Yaxli

(1982-11-27) 1982 yil 27-noyabr (38 yosh)
Luton, Bedfordshir, Angliya
Boshqa ismlar
  • Endryu Makmaster
  • Pol Xarris
  • Ueyn King
FuqarolikInglizlar
Ma'lumNing asoschilaridan biri va sobiq rahbari Angliya mudofaa ligasi
Siyosiy partiyaBritaniya ozodlik partiyasi (2012)
BNP (2004–2005)
Veb-saythttps://www.tr.news

Stiven Kristofer Yaxley-Lennon (1982 yil 27-noyabrda tug'ilgan), ko'proq tanilgan Tommi Robinson, ingliz o'ta o'ng va Islomga qarshi faol.[1][2] U asoschilaridan biri va sobiq rahbari Angliya mudofaa ligasi,[3] va keyinchalik a sifatida xizmat qilgan siyosiy maslahatchi avvalgisiga UKIP rahbar Jerar Batten.[4]

Robinson uzoq yillar davomida o'ta o'ng siyosat bilan shug'ullangan. U neofashist va oq millatchi edi Britaniya milliy partiyasi (BNP) 2004 yildan 2005 yilgacha.[5] Qisqa vaqt ichida 2012 yilda u raisning qo'shma o'rinbosari bo'lgan Britaniya ozodlik partiyasi (BFP). Robinson 2009 yildan 2013 yil 8 oktabrgacha EDLni boshqargan. U faol sifatida davom etdi va 2015 yilda rivojlanish bilan shug'ullandi. Pegida UK, Germaniyada joylashgan o'ta o'ng tashkilotning endilikda bekor qilingan Britaniya bo'limi Pegida.[6] 2017 yildan 2018 yilgacha Robinson uchun yozgan va u uchun onlayn videolarda paydo bo'lgan Isyonchi yangiliklar, Kanadalik o'ta o'ng[12] siyosiy veb-sayt.

Robinsonning jinoiy yozuvlari zo'ravonlik, moliyaviy va immigratsion firibgarliklar, giyohvand moddalar saqlash va jamoat tartibini buzganlik uchun sudlanganlikni o'z ichiga oladi. U qamoq jazosiga hukm qilingan sudni hurmatsizlik.[13][14][15] U kamida to'rt xil qamoq jazosini o'tagan: 2005 yilda tajovuz uchun, 2012 yilda AQShga kirish uchun yolg'on sayohat hujjatlaridan foydalanganlik uchun, 2014 yilda ipoteka firibgarligi uchun,[16][17][18] va, 2018 yil may oyida Robinson a nashridan keyin sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun 13 oy qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi Facebook Live sudlanuvchilarning sudga kirayotgani, sud jarayoni davom etayotgan paytda bunday sud jarayoni to'g'risida xabar berishni taqiqlovchi sud qaroriga zid bo'lgan video. U jazoning bir qismini HM qamoqxona kassasi yilda Kallston-Xull o'tkazilishidan oldin HM Prison Onley yilda Warwickshire. 2018 yil 1-avgustda protsessual xatolar tufayli u ishning yangi sud majlisigacha garov evaziga ozod qilindi.[19] 2019 yil 5-iyul kuni Robinson sudni qayta ko'rib chiqishda sudni hurmatsizlikda aybdor deb topildi va sudda sodir etildi Qari Beyli 11 iyulda to'qqiz oygacha qamoq jazosi[20][21] Hukm chiqmasdan oldin Robinson paydo bo'ldi InfoWars va murojaat qilgan siyosiy boshpana Qo'shma Shtatlarda.[22] 9 hafta xizmat qilganidan keyin 2019 yil 13 sentyabrda qamoqdan ozod qilindi.[23]

Ism

Robinsonning tug'ilgan ismi Stiven Kristofer Yaxli. Tommy Robinson ismining taniqli a'zosidan olingan taxallus "Gear In Men" (MIG) futbol bezorisi ekipaj "Luton Taun" futbol klubi.[24] The nom de guerre Robinsonning Stiven Yaxli-Lennon ekanligini va uning jinoiy tarixini muvaffaqiyatli yashirgan, bu aloqa 2010 yil iyul oyida aniqlanmaguncha Qidiruv nuri jurnal.[3][25]

Robinson, shuningdek, Endryu Makmaster, Pol Xarris,[16] Ueyn King,[26][27] va Stiven Lennon.[16]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Robinson Stiven Kristofer Yaxli tug'ilgan[28] yilda Luton, Angliya. Bilan intervyuda Viktoriya Derbishir kuni BBC Beshinchi radiosi 2010 yilda yashaydi, uning ota-onasi "bu mamlakatga irlandiyalik muhojirlar bo'lgan", deb aytgan.[29] Mahalliy novvoyxonada ishlagan onasi,[30] Robinson hali yoshligida qayta turmush qurgan; uning o'gay otasi Tomas Lennon,[5] da ishlagan Vauxxoll Lutondagi avtomobil zavodi.[30]

Robinzonning so'zlariga ko'ra, maktabni tugatgandan so'ng u samolyot muhandisligi bo'yicha o'qishga hujjat topshirgan Luton aeroporti: "Menga 600 kishi murojaat qildi, ular to'rt kishini olib ketishdi". U besh yillik o'qishdan so'ng 2003 yilda malakasini oshirgan, ammo keyinchalik ishdan bo'shatilgan politsiyachiga mast holda janjallashib hujum qilgani uchun sudlanganida ishidan ayrilgan.[30] U 12 oylik qamoq jazosini o'tagan.[31]

Robinson qo'shildi Britaniya milliy partiyasi, keyin boshchiligidagi Nik Griffin, 2004 yilda. Jurnalist bu haqda savol berganida Endryu Nil 2013 yil iyun oyida u bir yildan keyin ketganini aytgan va «Men Nik Griffin ichida bo'lganligini bilmasdim Milliy front, Oq tanli bo'lmaganlar tashkilotga kira olmasligini bilmasdim. Men qo'shildim, nima haqida ekanligini ko'rdim, bu men uchun emas edi ".[5]

Robinson 2009 yil mart oyida bo'lib o'tgan norozilik namoyishlariga javoban tashkil etilgan Lutonning Birlashgan Xalqlari guruhi bilan aloqador edi Angliya qirollik polki dan qaytayotgan qo'shinlar Afg'on urushi[32] Islomiy guruhlar hujumiga uchragan Al-Muhajirun va Ahlus Sunna val Jamoa.[33]

Angliya mudofaa ligasi

Robinson bilan EDL namoyishchilar Amsterdam 2010 yilda
Asosiy maqola: Angliya mudofaa ligasi

Robinson asos solgan Angliya mudofaa ligasi (EDL) 2009 yilda Kevin Kerol bilan,[34] Robinsonning amakivachchasi,[35] va uning etakchisiga Kerol rahbar o'rinbosari sifatida rahbarlik qildi.[36] Robinson Lutondagi nonvoyxonaning tashqarisiga odamlarni yollashga urinayotgan mahalliy islomchilar haqidagi gazetadagi maqolani o'qigach, unga EDLni topishga undashganini aytdi. Toliblar Afg'onistonda.[30] Namoyish paytida Robinzon niqoblangan ko'rinishga ega.[31] Garchi Robinson tashkilotning dastlabki kunlaridanoq EDL "radikal Islomning paydo bo'lishiga qarshi" ekanligini va uning a'zolari "Islomga qarshi emasligini" bir necha bor ta'kidlagan bo'lsa-da, uning safdoshlari orasida futbol bezorilari va o'zlarini ta'riflaydigan a'zolar ham borligi qayd etilgan. musulmonlarga qarshi.[24][32] Robinson asos solgan Evropa mudofaa ligasi, turli Evropa mamlakatlarida faoliyat ko'rsatadigan EDLga o'xshash guruhlarni muvofiqlashtirish.[6]

Robinzonning Stiven Yaxli-Lennon kimligi noma'lum edi Qidiruv nuri Yaxley-Lennonning avvalgi jinoiy tarixi Robinzon bilan bog'liq edi.[3][25]

Robinzonning ta'kidlashicha, 2011 yil 22-dekabr kuni unga boshqa bir chiroq yonib turgani sababli mashinasini to'xtatgandan so'ng unga hujum qilishgan. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, uch kishidan iborat guruh unga hujum qilib, uni urishgan, ular kelguniga qadar ularni to'xtatguncha "yaxshi samariyalik ". Robinzon hujumchilar osiyolik bo'lishganini aytdi.[37]

Robinzon 2011 yilda tarafdorlari o'rtasidagi jang paytida "tahdid, haqoratli yoki haqoratli xatti-harakatlar" dan foydalanganlikda ayblanib, sudlangan "Luton Taun" va Newport County o'tgan yili Lutonda. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Robinson "Luton" muxlislari guruhini boshqargan va 100 kishilik janjalni boshlashda ajralmas rol o'ynagan va u "Men o'lgunimcha EDL" deb hayqirgan. U 12 oylik jamoani reabilitatsiya qilish tartibida 150 soatlik ish haqi to'lanmagan ish haqi va uch yilga futbol o'yinlariga borishni taqiqlangan.[38][39]

Robinson EDL namoyishidan keyin yana hibsga olindi Minora Hamletlari 2011 yil sentyabr oyida garovga qo'yilgan shartlarni buzganligi uchun, chunki u ushbu namoyishda qatnashishi taqiqlangan edi. Keyinchalik Robinson hibsda bo'lganida ochlik e'lon qildi HM Prison Bedford, u "davlatning siyosiy mahbusi" ekanligini aytib,[40] va u ishongan narsani eyishdan bosh tortdi halol go'sht.[41] EDL tarafdorlarining bir nechtasi qamoqxonada Robinsonni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun qamoqxona tashqarisida norozilik bildirishdi; qo'llab-quvvatlash 10 sentyabr kuni 100 namoyishchilar ishtirokida eng yuqori darajaga etdi.[42] Robinson 12 sentyabr kuni garov evaziga ozod qilindi.[43]

2011 yil 29 sentyabrda Robinson sudlangan umumiy hujum keyin bosh terish mitingda boshqa EDL a'zosi Blackburn o'sha yilning aprelida.[44][39] U 12 haftalik qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi, 12 oyga to'xtatildi.[45]

2011 yil 8-noyabr kuni Robinson uyning tomida norozilik namoyishini o'tkazdi FIFA shtab-kvartirasi Tsyurix FIFA qaroriga qarshi Angliya futbol terma jamoasi kiyib bo'lmadi Xotira ko'knori ularning ko'ylaklarida belgi.[39] Buning uchun u 3000 funt jarimaga tortildi va uch kunga qamaldi.[46]

2012 yilda Robinzon unga qo'shilganligini e'lon qildi Britaniya ozodlik partiyasi (BFP). EDL va BFP 2011 yilda saylov paktini kelishib olgandan keyin u Kerrol bilan birgalikda uning qo'shma vitse-prezidenti etib tayinlandi.[47] Biroq, 2012 yil 11 oktyabrda Robinson EDL faoliyatiga e'tibor berish uchun BFPdan iste'foga chiqdi.[48]

EDLni tark etish

2012 yil aprel oyida Robinson dasturda qatnashdi BBC teleseriallari Katta savollar unda o'ta o'ng ekstremizm muhokama qilindi. Mo Ansar Britaniyalik musulmon siyosiy va ijtimoiy sharhlovchi xuddi shu dasturda qatnashdi va Robinoni o'zi va oilasi bilan kechki ovqatga taklif qildi. Natijada keyingi 18 oy ichida Robinzon va Ansor o'rtasida islom, islomizm va musulmonlar jamoatchiligini muhokama qilish uchun bir nechta uchrashuvlar bo'lib o'tdi va hujjatli filmni yaratgan BBC jamoasi hamrohligida Tommy Mo bilan uchrashganda.[49][50] 2013 yil 8 oktyabrda, Quilliam Robinson va EDL rahbarining o'rinbosari Kevin Kerrol bilan matbuot anjumani o'tkazib, Robinzon va Kerolning EDLni tark etganligini e'lon qildi. Robinson uzoq vaqtdan beri "o'ta o'ng ekstremizm xavfi" dan xavotirda ekanligi haqida ketishni o'ylaganini aytdi.[51][52] Robinson shunday dedi: "Men o'ta o'ng ekstremizm xavfini va Islomiy mafkuraga qarshi zo'ravonlik bilan emas, balki yaxshiroq, demokratik g'oyalar bilan kurashish zarurligini tan olaman".[53] Roblinson va Kerol bilan EDLni yana o'nta yuqori martabali shaxs tark etdi va Tim Ablitt EDLning yangi etakchisiga aylandi.[51][34]

Robinzon tomonidan so'roq qilinganida Guardian "har bir musulmonni" "qochib qutulishda" ayblashi haqida 7-iyul kuni portlashlar Va Islomni fashist va zo'ravon din deb ataganligi uchun u qo'llarini ko'tarib: "Kechirasiz, kechirasiz" dedi. "Robinzon shuningdek, endi politsiyaga ularning tekshiruvlarida yordam berish uchun dalillarni berishini aytdi. EDL ichidagi irqchilar.Robinson "uning kelajakdagi faoliyati barcha jabhalarda radikalizmni o'z ichiga oladi" deb qo'shimcha qildi.[54][49] Robinson o'zining tarjimai holida Quilliamning EDLdan ketganligi uchun kredit olishi uchun oyiga 2000 funt to'laganini aytdi, Quilliam vakili buni rad etdi.[55][56]

Keyingi tadbirlar

Robinson nutq so'zladi Oksford ittifoqi 2014 yil 26-noyabrda. Fashizmga qarshi birlashing (UAF) uning ko'rinishiga qarshi norozilik bildirdi, UAF ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, u EDL qarashlaridan voz kechmaganida, ittifoq unga platformaga ruxsat berganini tanqid qildi. Robinson tinglovchilarga ma'lum muammolar haqida gaplashishga ruxsat berilmaganligi sababli qamoqxona litsenziyasida bo'lganini aytdi. U: "Men so'z erkinligimni 2015 yil 22 iyulda qaytaraman", dedi. U "siyosatchilar, ommaviy axborot vositalari va politsiya ba'zi bir jinoiy ishlarga qarshi kurash olib bormaganliklari uchun yorliqdan qo'rqishgani uchun tanqid qildi Islomofobik."[57] U shunday dedi Vudxill qamoqxonasi "IShIDning o'quv lageri" ga aylangan va radikallar "qanotlarini boshqargan".[58]

Jazoning oxirida litsenziyadan ozod bo'lganidan so'ng, Robinson islomga qarshi namoyishlarga qaytdi Pegida UK, Britaniya filiali Pegida, Germaniyada tashkil etilgan immigratsiyaga qarshi tashkilot Drezden o'rtasida Evropadagi migrantlar inqirozi. 2015 yil oktyabr oyida Pegida Islomga qarshi mitingda murojaat qilgan Robinson o'zini qochqin sifatida ko'rsatgan islomiy terrorchilar tahdidi deb bilgan narsalarga qarshi chiqdi.[59] U 2015 yil dekabrida Pegida-ning "ingliz bobi" ni yaratganini e'lon qildi. U spirtli ichimliklar va mushtlashuvga yo'l qo'yilmasligini aytdi, chunki "bu narsa uchun juda jiddiy" va dedi. Daily Telegraph 2016 yil 6 fevral kuni Evropada ommaviy namoyish bo'lib o'tishi.[6] 2016 yil 14 fevralda Robinson tungi klubdan chiqib ketgandan keyin unga hujum qilingan va kasalxonada davolangan Esseks.[60]

Robinson tarjimai hol yozdi, Davlat dushmani, 2015 yilda o'z-o'zidan nashr etilgan.[61][62]

2018 yil 18 mart, Robinzon ma'ruzachilar burchagida

Robinson tomosha qilish uchun sayohat qildi UEFA Evro-2016 Frantsiyada va futbolkani va ingliz bayrog'ini masxara qilgan holda namoyish qildi Iroq va Shom Islom davlati (IShID). Bedfordshir politsiyasi tayinlangan futbolni buyurtma qilishni taqiqlash qaytib kelganda unga; uning advokati Alison Gurden politsiyani prokuratura qilingan terroristik guruhni o'z harakatlarida barcha musulmonlar bilan tenglashtirishda aybladi. Sentyabr oyida Luton Magistratlar sudining sudyasi prokuratura dalillarini "noaniq" va "kagey" deb atab, ishni bekor qildi.[63]

2016 yil 27 avgustda 18 ta "Luton Taun" futbol tarafdorlari, shu jumladan Robinzon va uning oilasi a Kembrij kuni pub Kembrij Yunayted "Luton" futbol uchrashuviga qarshi. Robinson jabrlanganini da'vo qildi va shikoyatlar Kembrij politsiyasiga topshirildi.[64] 2019 yil mart oyida Peterboro okrug sudida Robinson Cambridgeshire Constabulary-ni ta'qib qilishda, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kamsitishda, kamsitishda, stressda, xavotirda va inson huquqlarini buzishda, ya'ni oilaviy hayot huquqi, vijdon yoki din erkinligi va so'z erkinligini buzishda aybladi. Robinzon atrofidagi politsiya xatti-harakatlari bilan bog'liq da'volar a 35-qism tarqatish tartibi 2016 yildagi o'yindan keyin pabda. Sud Robinsonning da'volarini rad etdi va uni xarajatlar evaziga 20 ming funt to'lashga majbur qildi. Robinson sud qarori ustidan shikoyat qilishini aytdi.[65]

Robinson muxbir bo'lgan Isyonchi yangiliklar, Kanadaning o'ta o'ng veb-sayti.[66] 2017 yil may oyida u hibsga olingan sudni hurmatsizlik u Canterbury Crown Court oldida davom etayotgan zo'rlash sudida sudlanuvchilarni videoga olishga urinib ko'rganidan keyin.[67][68]

Robinsonning o'zini o'zi nashr etgan ikkinchi kitobi, Muhammadning Qur'oni karim: Nega musulmonlar Islom uchun o'ldirishadi Piter McLoughlin bilan birgalikda yozilgan va 2017 yilda nashr etilgan.[69] Amazon sotishdan bosh tortdi.[70]

Robinson 2017 yil iyun oyida Royal Ascot-da mushtlashuvda qatnashgan Pirs Morgan uni tvitterda tanqid qildi.[71]

2018 yil mart oyida Robinson sudni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun ishtirok etdi Mark Mexan, "yahudiylarni gazga soling" va "Sieg Xeyl" iboralariga javoban itning fashistlarning salomlarini bajarayotgani haqidagi kadrlarni internetga joylashtirgandan so'ng, nafrat jinoyati uchun ayblangan. Mexan aybdor deb topildi, chunki video "antisemitik va irqchilik xarakteriga ega" va diniy xurofot tufayli og'irlashtirildi.[72] Meechan video kontekstdan tashqarida olinganligini va sevgilisini bezovta qilish uchun hazil ekanligini aytdi.[73]

Finsbury Parkdagi terakt bilan bog'liq harakatlar

Londonda 2017 yilgi jinoyatchi sudda aniqlandi Finsbury Park masjididagi terakt Robinsondan elektron pochta xabarlarini oldi va hujum boshlanishida Robinzonning tvitlarini o'qidi. Hujum sodir bo'lgan joydagi yozuvda Robinsonning "g'azab bilan orqaga qaramang" iborasi bilan terrorizmga javoban odamlarni masxara qilgan tviti topildi. Robinsonning akkauntidan sal oldin hujum qilgan Darren Osbornega elektron pochta xabarida shunday yozilgan edi: "Hurmatli Darren, siz Sanderlendga qarshi [tahrirlangan ismga] qarshi sodir etilgan dahshatli jinoyatlar haqida bilasiz. Politsiya gumonlanuvchilarni qo'yib yubordi ... nega? Gumonlanuvchilar Suriyadan kelgan qochqinlar. Va Iroq. Bu milliy g'azab ... "Boshqa bir elektron pochta xabarida shunday yozilgan:" Bir millat ichida Buyuk Britaniyaning pastki qismida shakllanadigan millat bor. Bu nafrat, zo'ravonlik va Islomga asoslangan millat ".[74]

Robinson Twitter-ga javob berdi Finsbury Parkdagi hujum, "Hujum bugun kechqurun sodir bo'lgan masjid uzoq vaqtdan beri terrorchilar va radikal jihodchilarni tashkil etib, nafrat va ajratishni targ'ib qiladi" va "Men buni oqlamayman, men hukumat yoki politsiya bermasligini ko'p marta aytdim" t bu nafrat markazlarini saralang, ular bugun kechqurun ko'rinib turganidek hayvonlarni yaratadilar. " Ommaviy axborot vositalarida Robinzonning bayonotlari nafratni qo'zg'atuvchi sifatida keng tanqid qilindi.[75] Ertasi kuni ertalab paydo bo'ladi Xayrli tong Britaniya, Robinson ushlab turdi Qur'on va uni "zo'ravonlik va la'natlangan kitob" deb ta'riflagan. Mezbon Pirs Morgan uni "ashaddiy telba kabi nafrat qo'zg'aganlikda" aybladi va Robinzonning tashqi qiyofasi ko'plab shikoyatlarga sabab bo'ldi Ofcom.[76]

Qo'mondon Dekan Xaydon Shotland-Yard Terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha qo'mondonlikning ta'kidlashicha, Robinzondan olingan onlayn materiallar Osbornning qanday qilib radikallashganida va "miyani yuvishda" "muhim rol o'ynagan".[77] Mark Rouli, Komissarning chiqadigan yordamchisi Metropolitan politsiyasi va Buyuk Britaniyaning terrorizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha eng yuqori martabali zobiti Internetda Robinson, shu jumladan odamlar tomonidan joylashtirilgan materiallar Finsbury Park terroristik hujumini musulmonlarni nishonga olishga undaganiga shubha yo'qligini aytdi.[78] Bunga javoban Robinson "Men Mark Roulini topaman" dedi.[79]

Almondbury jamoat maktabi Robinzonga qarshi hujum va qonuniy choralar

Shuningdek qarang: Almondbury jamoat maktabidagi bezorilik hodisasi

Suriyalik qochoq bolaga hujum qilinganidan keyin maktabdagi bezorilik hodisasi 2018 yil oktyabr oyida Robinson jabrlanuvchini ilgari ikki o'quvchi qizga hujum qilganlikda soxta aybladi.

15 yoshli qochoqni bo'ynidan polga sudrab olib, unga hujum qilgan odam: "Men seni g'arq qilaman", deb aytgan, og'ziga suv majburlangan. Bolaning qo'li alohida hujumda singanidan keyin gipsda edi.[80] Uning singlisiga ham tajovuz qilingan.[81]

Hujumchi deb ishonilgan 16 yoshli bola, politsiya bilan intervyu olib, sudga chaqiruv bergan, Robinson tomonidan ijtimoiy tarmoqdagi ko'plab xabarlarini tarqatgan.[80] Keyinchalik Facebookda Robinson onasining qizi bezorilganligi va u qochoqni bezorilikda ayblaganligi haqidagi xabarining skrinshotini joylashtirdi. Biroq, onasi Robinzonning Facebook-dagi sahifasida unga yolg'on ekanligini bildirgan holda javob qaytardi.[82] Shuningdek, Robinzon o'spirin saraton kasalligiga bag'ishlangan yangiliklar haqidagi maqoladan o'g'irlangan fotosurat yordamida yolg'on da'vo qildi.[83]

Ushbu hodisalar qochqinlarning oilasini boshqa joyga ko'chib o'tishga majbur qildi, chunki "bolalar tomonidan qilingan shafqatsizlik darajasi haddan tashqari oshib ketdi".[84] Oila G'arbiy Yorkshirning boshqa joyiga ko'chib o'tishga qaror qildi.[85]

Robinson, Facebook va Instagram'dagi bir nechta videolarda, shu jumladan 150 ming martadan ko'proq ko'rilgan videoda jinoyatchi deb nomlangan shaxsning nomlanishiga to'sqinlik qiladigan sud qarorlarini buzgan bo'lishi mumkin. Advokatning aytishicha, bu bilan Robinson qochqinning azob-uqubatlarini "ko'paytirgan" va "ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda janob Yaxley-Lennonning (Robinzonning) yolg'onlarini ko'rgan ko'plab odamlar ularga ishonishgan va Jamolga (qochoq) nisbatan g'azablarini bildirishgan".[86]

2019 yil yanvar oyida qochqin Almondbury jamoat maktabiga qaytish hali ham o'ta xavfli ekanligini aytdi. U Robinzonning xabarlaridan keyin qo'rquvda yashashni tasvirlab berdi, chunki "uyimning tashqarisida osilganlar va meni telefonlarida videoga oladiganlar bor. Agar ular tashqariga chiqsam meni" kichkina kalamush "deb chaqirishadi. Qo'shnilarimdan biri kecha uyim oldida meni qo'rqitdi. "[87] Uning advokatlari Robinzonning e'lonlari uni "o'ta o'ng qanotning son-sanoqsiz nafrat va tahdid xabarlari markaziga aylantirganini" va politsiya xavfsizligi to'g'risida ogohlantirishga olib kelganini aytdi.[88]

Qochqin yigitning oilasi vakili bo'lgan advokatlardan xatlar olgandan so'ng, Robinson tomonidan joylashtirilgan videofilmlarda "ko'plab yolg'on va tuhmatga oid ayblovlar borligi" ko'rsatib o'tilganidan so'ng, Robinson izdoshlariga bu soxta yangilik ekanligini tan oldi va uni aldaganligini ta'kidladi: Mening ahvolim to'liq edi, qanday qilib uyatli odam ".[89] Robinson videolarni o'chirib tashladi va musulmon to'dasining zo'ravonligini ko'rsatadigan soxta fotosuratni joylashtirganini tan oldi.[90] U tuhmat uchun qonuniy choralar ko'rilishi to'g'risida ogohlantirildi. Robinzon tarafdorlarining ushbu ogohlantirish so'z erkinligini "to'sib qo'ydi" degan ayblovlariga javoban Jamilning advokati "Tommi Robinson bu 15 yoshli bolani tuhmat qilish va uni o'z bezoriligi muallifi deb ayblash yaxshi fikr deb o'ylaydi. Bu aslida kasal. "[91] 2019 yil 15 mayda Jamilning advokati Jamil Robinzonni "tuhmat qilingan izohlar" uchun sudga berayotganini aytdi.[92]

Ma'lum qilinishicha, Facebook Robinson singari taniqli shaxslarni odatdagi me'yor qoidalaridan himoya qiladi, odatda uning qoidalariga zid bo'lgan tarkib joylashtirilgandan so'ng sahifa o'chiriladi. Jabrlanuvchining vakili bo'lgan advokatlar ta'qib qilmoqda sud jarayoni ijtimoiy media firmasiga qarshi Facebook Robinzonning postlari uchun javobgar edi, chunki unga "maxsus muomala [moddiy jihatdan boshqarilgandek").[87] Biroq, 2019 yil 26-fevralda Facebook Robinsonni Facebook ijtimoiy standartlarini buzganligi va "insonparvar bo'lmagan til va musulmonlarga qarshi zo'ravonlikka chaqiruvchi materiallarni joylashtirgani" uchun ushbu xizmatdan taqiqlaganligini e'lon qildi. Shuningdek, unda "uyushtirilgan nafrat" bilan bog'liq siyosat buzilishi keltirilgan.[93]

Boshqa ijtimoiy media faoliyati

2018 yil mart oyida Robinzon Twitter-ning mikrobloglar saytidan "nafratli xatti-harakatlar" qoidalarini buzgani uchun doimiy ravishda taqiqlandi.[94]

2019 yil yanvar oyida YouTube Robinzonning akkauntidan sayt ko'rsatmalarini buzgan deb e'lonlarni olib tashlaganligini e'lon qildi.[95]

2019 yil yanvar oyida Robinson jonli efirda kutubxonani o'rab turgan guruhni boshqarib, o'zini qulflashga olib keldi Glazgo janubi Deputat, Styuart Makdonald, operatsiya o'tkazayotgan edi. Guruh tarkibiga sudlangan o'g'irlab ketilgan Daniel Daniel Tomas kiritilgan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, kutubxona telefon qo'ng'iroqlari bilan bombardimon qilingan. Oxir-oqibat McDonaldni politsiya kuzatib qo'ydi va u guruh favqulodda vaziyatlar yo'llarini to'sib qo'yganini aytdi.[96]

2019 yil fevral oyida Robinz Facebook-dagi akkauntidan foydalanib "Menimcha, u holda oq tanli ayollarni zo'rlash yaxshi bo'ladimi?" yonida a Zo'rlash inqirozi etnik ozchiliklar qurbonlari uchun maxsus xizmatlar haqida ma'lumot, natijada Robinson tarafdorlari markazga yuzlab irqchi va haqoratli telefon qo'ng'iroqlarini olib kelishdi. Barcha etnik kelib chiqishi zo'rlash qurbonlarini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi markaz Robinzonning lavozimini "jinsiy zo'ravonlik qurbonlari va tirik qolganlarga xizmat ko'rsatishni buzganligi" uchun qoraladi barchasi Markaz etnik ozchiliklar uchun ixtisoslashgan xizmatlarni o'z ichiga olgan, chunki "jinsiy zo'ravonlik va zo'ravonlikdan omon qolgan ayollarning ayrim guruhlari xizmatlarga kirishda qo'shimcha to'siqlarga duch kelishi mumkin, shu jumladan til va qo'rquv va / yoki o'tmish yoki hozirgi tajriba bilan bog'liq. irqchilik va irqiy kamsitish ».[97]

2019 yil fevral oyida Facebook va Instagram buzilganligi sababli uni platformalaridan chetlatdilar nafrat nutqi qoidalar, shu jumladan "musulmonlarga qaratilgan zo'ravonlik chaqiriqlari".[98]

2019 yil 4 mart kuni, soat 23.00 da Robinson o'ta o'ng mavzularni yoritadigan va uni qo'rqitishga uringan jurnalistning uyi oldiga chaqirilmagan holda keldi. Robinson jurnalistning manzilini a jonli oqim va tahdid qildi manzillarini ochib bering boshqa jurnalistlarning. Politsiya kelganidan keyin u jo'nab ketdi, ammo soat 5 da qaytib keldi.[99][100] Robinzonning aytishicha, bu qaynota-qaynonasining uyida qonuniy xati berilganligi uchun qasos qilish harakati bo'lib, u videoga olingan va uni ta'qib qilish deb ta'riflagan.[99][101] Robinson qo'rqitmoqchi bo'lgan jurnalistning ushbu da'voga aloqadorligi to'g'risida hech qanday ma'lumot bermadi.[99] Jurnalistning so'zlariga ko'ra, xat ushbu uydan 50 metr masofada joylashgan politsiya xodimiga berilgan.[99]

2019 yil aprelda YouTube Robinzonning "chegara kontenti" tufayli akkauntini cheklab qo'ydi, tarkibini "interstitsial [ogohlantirish sahifasi] ortida joylashtirdi, tavsiyalardan olib tashlandi va jonli efir, sharhlar, tavsiya etilgan videolar va yoqtirishlar kabi muhim xususiyatlardan mahrum qilindi".[102]

2019 yil 5 aprelda, Snapchat Robinsonning nafrat bilan so'zlash va ta'qib qilishni taqiqlovchi jamoat ko'rsatmalarini buzganligi uchun akkauntini bekor qildi.[103]

2020 yil yanvar oyida Robinzonga Xalqaro erkin matbuot mukofot, shuningdek, Sapho mukofoti deb nomlanuvchi, o'z ishida mukammallikni jasorat va murosaga kelmaslik bilan birlashtirgan jurnalistlarga beriladigan mukofot sifatida tavsiflanadi.[104] Xalqaro erkin matbuot jamiyati bilan chambarchas bog'liq kontrjihad harakati[105] va Liz Fekete, ning ijrochi direktori Irqiy munosabatlar instituti Britaniyada bu nafrat nutqi chegaralarini ko'tarish vositasi deb taklif qildi.[106]

2020 yil 1-noyabrda Robinson Londonning Hyde Parkdagi Spikerlar burchagida COVID-19 qoidalarini buzgani uchun hibsga olingan.[107][108]

Siyosiy faoliyat

2004 yildan 2005 yilgacha Robinson o'ta o'ngchilar a'zosi edi Britaniya milliy partiyasi (BNP).[5]

2018 yil sentyabr oyida Robinson ushbu tashkilotga qo'shilish istagini bildirdi Buyuk Britaniya Mustaqillik partiyasi (UKIP). 2018 yil 23-noyabr kuni UKIP rahbari Jerar Batten Robinoni o'zining maslahatchisi qilib tayinladi.[109] Bunga javoban UKIPning sobiq rahbari Nayjel Faraj Robinzonni "bezori" deb ta'riflagan va u UKIP ketayotgan yo'nalishdan ko'ngli to'lganini aytgan.[110] Farage va a Uels assambleyasi a'zosi Battenni etakchidan olib tashlashga chaqirdi.[109] 30-noyabr kuni UKIP yig'ilishida Robinson o'g'irlangan mahkum Deniel Tomas bilan o'tirdi.[111]

Ko'plab taniqli UKIP a'zolari, shu jumladan uning sakkiztasi Yevropa parlamenti deputatlari, Robinson tayinlanishiga javoban partiyadan iste'foga chiqdi. Ketgan sakkiz nafar parlament deputatlaridan ikkitasi sobiq partiya rahbarlari edi. Ulardan biri UKIPning Shotlandiyadagi etakchisi edi; yana biri Nayjel Faraj edi, u Robinson va uning sheriklari partiyaga "janjal" va "zo'ravonlik" olib kelgan va "ko'plari jinoiy yozuvlarga ega, ba'zilari juda jiddiy".[112]

UKIP qoidalari o'tmishda o'ta o'ng qanot guruhlari tarkibiga kirganlarga a'zolikni inkor etadi: bular Robinzonni Angliya mudofaa ligasiga (EDL) asos solganligi sababli qo'shilishga to'sqinlik qiladi. Britaniya milliy partiyasi va bilan aloqada bo'lgan Britaniya ozodlik partiyasi. UKIP Milliy Ijroiya Qo'mitasi Robinson uchun ushbu banddan voz kechishni alohida ish sifatida ko'rib chiqdi. Agar tasdiqlansa, uning mumkin bo'lgan a'zoligi partiya konferentsiyasida ovozga qo'yiladi.[113] UKIP rahbari Batten Robinzonni partiyaga qo'shilishini qo'llab-quvvatladi, UKIP esa Uels assambleyasi a'zolar Mishel Braun va Devid Roullands ular qarshi bo'lganliklarini aytdilar.[114]

2019 yil 25-aprel kuni Robinson o'zining mustaqil nomzodi bo'lishini e'lon qildi 2019 yil may oyida Evropa parlamentiga saylov yilda Shimoliy G'arbiy Angliya.[115] Bu haqda xabar berildi Anne Mari Uoter, o'ta o'ngchilar lideri Britaniya uchun partiya, Robinzonga partiyasining yordamini va'da qildi.[116] Robinzon Evropa Parlamenti deputati nomzodi sifatida saylov kampaniyasini o'tkazganida, ikki kishi kasalxonaga yotqizilgan Uorrington, Cheshire 2 may kuni. Uning xavfsizlik guruhi va uning tarafdorlari irqchilikka qarshi faollarga jismoniy hujum qildi, bir irqchilikka qarshi kurashuvchi uning burni singanligini aytdi. Politsiya zo'ravonlik bo'yicha tergov boshladi.[117] Ommaviy axborot vositalarida "kamsituvchi" deb ta'riflangan va depozitidan mahrum bo'lgan Robinzon 38,908 ovoz bilan (2,2%) saylovda sakkizinchi o'rinni egalladi.[118] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, o'rindiqqa ega bo'lishga urinishda "deyarli imkonsiz vazifa" ga duch kelgan, chunki deyarli barcha bunday platformalar tomonidan taqiqlanganidan keyin u "ijtimoiy media platformalarida o'z xabarlarini topa olmagan".[119] Keyinchalik u yuklangan videoda ikkinchi ovoz berishni talab qildi.[120]

Oldin 2019 yil Birlashgan Qirollikning umumiy saylovlari, Robinson ma'qulladi Konservativ partiya rahbar Boris Jonson Bosh vazir sifatida.[121] Saylovdan so'ng u partiyaga qo'shilganligini e'lon qildi.[122] Biroq, buni konservativ deputat va milliy konservativ partiya rad etdi.[123] Scram:, Robinson va boshqa o'ta o'ng siyosatni targ'ib qilayotgan boshqa shaxslarga qarshi kampaniyalar olib boradigan veb-sayt ham da'voni rad etdi.[124]

Moliyaviy yordam

Robinzon 2 million funtdan ortiq xayriya va homiylik yordami oldi, aksariyati chet el manbalaridan.

2017 yilda amerikalik milliarder Robert Shillman Kanadaning o'ng qanotli Rebel Media veb-saytida pullik do'stlikni moliyalashtirdi, Robinson oyiga 6000 AQSh dollaridan (5000 funt) ko'proq maosh oldi.[125]

2018 yilda Robinzon qamoqqa olinishiga qarshi bo'lganlar qidirgan xayriya mablag'laridan 2 million funt oldi.[126]2018 yil iyul oyida, Yaqin Sharq forumi, "musulmonlarga qarshi kayfiyatni qo'zg'atuvchi" deb ta'riflangan AQSh tahlil markazi, Robinsonni qamoq jazosiga qarshi apellyatsiya shikoyati paytida mitinglarni moliyalashtirgan va sud xarajatlarini to'lagan.[127]Shuningdek, u o'ng tomon guruhidan mablag 'oldi Sariq yelek Avstraliya.[125]

2018 yil oxirlarida bir necha oy davomida Robinson xayriya tashkilotlari uchun mo'ljallangan fitna nazariyasining yangi veb-sayti uchun pul yig'ish va o'z qamoqxonasidagi davolanishga nisbatan Britaniya hukumatiga qarshi sud ishlarini moliyalashtirish uchun mo'ljallangan Facebook-ning xayr-ehson xususiyatidan foydalangan. Xayriya funktsiyasidan suiiste'mol qilinganligini bilib olgan bir necha soat ichida Facebook Robinsonning sahifasidan tugmachani olib tashladi.[125]

2018 yil noyabr oyida, PayPal Robinsonga endi uning nomidan to'lovlarni qayta ishlashga yo'l qo'ymasligini aytdi va "erkin fikr va ochiq muloqotni qo'llab-quvvatlash hamda barcha odamlarga nisbatan bag'rikenglik, xilma-xillik va hurmat tamoyillarini himoya qilish o'rtasida kerakli muvozanatni saqlash bugungi kunda ko'plab kompaniyalarni qiynayotgan muammo. " Robinson bu qarorni "fashizm" deb ta'riflagan.[128] Xizmat "nafratni, zo'ravonlikni yoki kamsitadigan boshqa toqatsizlik shakllarini targ'ib qilishda foydalanib bo'lmaydi" dedi.[129]

Hurmatsizlik protsedurasi

2017 yil 10-may kuni Robinson sudga hurmatsizlikda ayblandi. U Canterbury Crown Court-da videofilmlarni suratga olgan va sudlanuvchilarni "zo'rlangan musulmon bolalar" deb atagan beg'araz bayonotlarni e'lon qilgan. Sudya Xezer Nortonning ta'kidlashicha, Robinzon "o'z eshittirishida ishning natijasini oldindan hal qiladigan va sud jarayonini sezilarli darajada orqaga surib qo'yadigan ta'sirchan so'zlarni ishlatgan".[130] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, "gap so'z erkinligi haqida emas, balki matbuot erkinligi haqida emas, balki qonuniy jurnalistika haqida ham emas, balki siyosiy to'g'riligi haqida ham emas. Gap adolat va sud jarayoni adolatli va adolatli o'tishini ta'minlash uchun emas, balki Aybi isbotlanmaguncha aybsiz. Bu hakamlar hay'ati butunligini saqlab qolish, odamlarni qo'rqitmasdan yoki mas'uliyatsiz va noto'g'ri "xabar berish" ta'siriga tushmasdan davom ettirish, agar shunday bo'lsa ".[131] Sud sud Robinsonni uch oylik qamoq jazosiga hukm qilingan deb noto'g'ri aytdi, to'xtatib qo'yilgan 18 oy davomida va ushbu noto'g'ri natijani sud yozuvlariga kiritdi. Qonunda, u uch oy muddatga qamoq jazosiga hukm qilingan, ammo bu jinoyatni o'n sakkiz oyga to'xtatgan. Ushbu texnik xato, qamoq jazosiga hukm qilingan va ozodlikdan mahrum qilish jazosi tayinlanganlar o'rtasidagi farq aniqlandi va tuzatildi Apellyatsiya sudi.[132] Noto'g'ri natija matbuot akkauntlarida xabar qilingan.[130][133] Ushbu texnik xatoning oqibatlari 2018 yilda shartli qamoq jazosi faollashtirilganda kuchga kirdi. Robinson yana Lidsdagi sudga hurmatsizlik bilan munosabatda bo'lganligi aniqlandi, yana noto'g'ri qamoq jazosi berildi va Kenterbury shartli jazosi faollashtirildi.[132] Ikkala hukm ham sudga nisbatan hurmatsizlik jinoyati uchun chiqarilgan bo'lib, u nutqlarni yoki nashrlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, ular "ko'rib chiqilayotgan sud jarayonida odil sudlov jarayoniga jiddiy xalaqit berish yoki xuruj qilish xavfini keltirib chiqaradi".[131] Keyinchalik sudning jazo tayinlash tartibiga muvaffaqiyatli qarshi bo'lganidan keyin u ozod qilindi.[130] Mashq qilish buyurildi.

2018 yil qamoq

Robinzon qamoqqa tashlandi va keyinchalik deyarli qulashi uchun 2018 o'rtalarida ozod qilindi "Xaddersfild" ning to'dasi sud jarayoni.[130][134]

2018 yil 25-may kuni Robinson a tinchlikni buzish esa jonli efir tashqarida Lids Crown Court[131][135] sud jarayoni davomida "Xaddersfild" ning to'dasi qaysi ustida cheklovlar haqida xabar berish sudya tomonidan buyurilgan edi.[136] Robinzon hibsga olinganidan keyin sudya Geoffri Marson QC[137] Robinzon ishi bo'yicha keyingi hisobot cheklovini e'lon qildi, bu Robinson ishi yoki sud jarayoni yakunlanguniga qadar har qanday xabar berishni taqiqlaydi.[138][135]

Robinzonga nisbatan hisobot cheklovi 2018 yil 29 mayda, jurnalistlarning chaqirig'idan so'ng bekor qilindi. Ommaviy axborot vositalari Robinson mumkin bo'lgan ma'lumotlarni nashr etish orqali sudga nisbatan hurmatsizlikni tan olganini xabar qildi xurofot davom etayotgan sud jarayoni va 13 oyga ozodlikdan mahrum qilingan.[66] Sudya Marson Robinoni sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun o'n oyga ozodlikdan mahrum qildi va uning buzilishi sababli avvalgi uch oylik shartli qamoq jazosi faollashtirildi. Robinzonning advokati, uning xatti-harakatlarining mumkin bo'lgan oqibatlarini tushunganidan keyin Robinzon "chuqur pushaymon" bo'lganini aytdi.[137] Vaqtinchalik huquqbuzarlik bo'lim 4 (2) buyurtma ostida Sud qonunini hurmatsizlik 1981 yil,[139] Robinzonga ko'ra, agar uning xatti-harakatlari natijasida qayta sud jarayoni o'tkazilishi kerak bo'lsa, uning narxi "yuzlab va yuz ming funt sterlingni" tashkil qilishi mumkin. Bi-bi-si ichki ishlar bo'yicha muxbiri Dominik Kassianining aytishicha, "bu tsenzuraning Robinzonga qaratilgan ba'zi bir yangi shakli emas. Bular hammamizga bir xilda amal qiladigan qoidalar. Agar u bunga amin bo'lmasa, u endi qo'lida nusxasini o'qing Jurnalistlar uchun muhim qonun."[137][140]

Tarafdorlarning javobi

9 iyun 2018 yil, Trafalgar maydoni: Robinzonni ozod qilish uchun norozilik namoyishlari

Robinzoning qamoqqa olinishi o'ng qanot doiralarining qoralashiga sabab bo'ldi.[141] The Buyuk Britaniya Mustaqillik partiyasi rahbar Jerar Batten MEP sud jarayoni va hisobot berish taqiqlanganligi to'g'risida tashvish bildirdi.[142] Robinson Evropadagi bir nechta o'ng siyosatchilarning, jumladan Gollandiyaliklarning hamdardligini o'ziga tortdi Ozodlik partiyasi rahbar Geert Vilders[135] va uchun Germaniya Bundestagining a'zosi o'ta o'ng Germaniya uchun alternativa Petr Bistron.[143]

Robinzon hibsga olinganidan keyingi dam olish kunlari uning tarafdorlari uni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun mitinglar o'tkazdilar.[135][144]Namoyishchilar musulmon ayolning avtobus haydashiga to'sqinlik qildilar,[145]fashistlarning salomlarini ijro etishdi, politsiya tomon iskala, shisha butilkalar va ko'cha mebellarini uloqtirishdi, transport vositalari va binolarga zarar etkazishdi.[146]

Uni ozod qilish to'g'risidagi onlayn murojaatnomada 500 mingdan ortiq imzo to'plangan.[147] Anti-fashist targ'ibot guruhi Umid qilamanki nafrat emas uning tahlillari shuni ko'rsatdiki, imzolarning 68,1% Buyuk Britaniyadan, 9,7% Avstraliyadan va 9,3% AQShdan. Qolgan qismi Kanada, Germaniya, Frantsiya, Yangi Zelandiya, Gollandiya, Shvetsiya va Irlandiyaga to'g'ri keldi.[148]

Iyun oyi o'rtalarida Robinson HMP Xulldan HMP Onleyga ko'chirildi,[149] Midlenddagi eng ko'p musulmon aholisi bo'lgan qamoqxona (30,4%).[150] Caolan Robertson, keyin Robinzon operatori,[151] Robinson ko'chirilgan qamoqxonadagi musulmon aholini sezilarli darajada bo'rttirib ko'rsatadigan yolg'on ma'lumot tarqatdi. Robertson aytdi InfoWars fitna nazariyotchisi Aleks Jons Robinsonning yangi qamoqxonasi "taxminan 71 foiz musulmon" bo'lganligi va shuning uchun "haqiqatan ham, haqiqatan ham halokatli" ekanligi. Sobiq Breitbart muharriri Rahim Kassam buni o'z izdoshlariga tvitterda yolg'on ayblash bilan birga yozdi Uy kotibi, Sajid Javid, u erda Robinzonni ko'chirish.[150] Keyinchalik Robinzon tarafdorlari Javidinga qaratilgan, Robinzonga tegishli tahdidli va haqoratli xabarlarni tarqatgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi.[152]

2018 yil iyul oyida, Reuters deb xabar berdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining xalqaro diniy erkinlik bo'yicha maxsus topshiriqlar bo'yicha elchisi, Sem Braunbek, Robinzonni davolash bo'yicha Buyuk Britaniya hukumatini lobbi qildi.[153] The Yaqin Sharq forumi Qo'shma Shtatlar hukumatini lobbichilik qildi va mitinglar va yuridik yordam uchun moliyaviy yordam ko'rsatdi.[154]

Apellyatsiya sudlovi

Dastlab Robinson Lidsdagi sud jarayoniga qarshi apellyatsiya shikoyati bilan murojaat qildi, ammo keyinroq ikkala sud hukmi ustidan shikoyat qildi Canterbury va Lids.[155] Apellyatsiya sudi Robinzonning shikoyatini vaqtidan tashqari ko'rib chiqishga rozi bo'ldi, chunki Robinzon "samarali kamerada" saqlangan, bu Robinzonga advokatlari bilan uchrashuv o'tkazishni qiyinlashtirgan.[156] Bu masala oldin Lord Bosh sudya va yana ikki kishi Apellyatsiya sudi 2018 yil 18-iyul kuni. Robinzon Lidsdagi ayblovlarni tan olmaganligini va unga kechirim so'rash imkoniyatini bermaganligini da'vo qildi. Himoyachining ta'kidlashicha, uning dastlabki hurmatsizlik tinglovi noto'g'ri bo'lgan; ayblovning tafsilotlari aniq emas edi. U sud hukmi adolatsiz bo'lganini ta'kidladi.[157] Sud o'z qarorini 2018 yil 1-avgustda chiqardi. Aslida, Kanterberidagi protsessga qarshi apellyatsiya shikoyati muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi va "Lids" ishi bo'yicha apellyatsiya shikoyati muvaffaqiyatli yakunlandi.

Sud jinoyat sodir etganlik uchun qamoq jazosidan kelib chiqadigan va hurmatsizlik uchun qamoqdan ozodlikdan mahrum qilish jazosidan kelib chiqadigan farqlarni tahlil qildi. Apellyatsiya sudi Kanterberida qilingan xatolardan Robinsonni himoya qilganlar protsessual xatolardan xabardor bo'lganligini bilib olishdi. "It lies ill in the mouth of an appellant to complain of the failure of the court below to follow the appropriate procedural steps when that failure was fully appreciated at the time and remained deliberately uncorrected for tactical reasons and collateral advantage."[132]:54 In respect of the Leeds contempt the court stated, "We are satisfied that the decision at Leeds Crown Court to proceed to committal to prison so promptly and without due regard for Part 48 of the Rules gave rise to unfairness. There was no clarity about what parts of the video were relied upon as amounting to contempt, what parts the appellant accepted through his counsel amounted to contempt and for what conduct he was sentenced."[132]:83

It was ordered that the records of the Crown Court at Canterbury and at Leeds be amended to show that Robinson had been committed to prison for contempt of court, not sentenced to imprisonment. It was ordered the matter be reheard at the Qari Beyli oldin London yozuvchisi "as soon as reasonably possible."[132]:86 Robinson was released on bail.[132]:86

Aftermath of imprisonment

On 2 August 2018, Robinson was interviewed on Tucker Carlson Tonight.[158] During the interview, Robinson mainly discussed his two months in prison. He said that he was initially put in HM qamoqxona kassasi, where he was treated well. Keyin u ko'chirildi HM Prison Onley, where, he claimed, he was severely mistreated, including with solitary confinement. The prison service rejected his claims saying, "Mr Yaxley-Lennon [i.e. Robinson] was treated with the same fairness we aim to show all prisoners – he had access to visits, television and showers – and it is totally false to say he was held in 'solitary confinement'", adding that he had been kept in a care and separation unit for 48 hours whilst an assessment was made of his safety.[149]

In October 2018, further controversy arose after Robinson posted a joint photo with two dozen young Britaniya armiyasi "recruits" as he described them. He also posted on his Facebook page a video of the occasion in which the soldiers allegedly cheered him shouting his name. The British Army launched an investigation into the matter, saying, "Far-right ideology is completely at odds with the values and ethos of the armed forces. The armed forces have robust measures in place to ensure those exhibiting extremist views are neither tolerated nor permitted to serve."[159] The Government's lead counter-extremism commissioner praised the army's response, saying, "This is typical of the far right. They manipulate and exploit their way into the mainstream, often targeting the military and co-opting its symbols. Tommy Robinson's attention-seeking is cover for divisive anti-Muslim hatred that is causing real harm to individuals, communities and society in general."[160]

Reporting restrictions were lifted on the three "Xaddersfild" ning to'dasi trials after the jury reached a verdict in the final trial. The Yorkshire Evening Post explained that it abided by the temporary restrictions because "If we had reported on the first trial then jurors may have been swayed in the second trial – a defence lawyer would argue that their clients could not get a fair hearing ... the whole trial could have collapsed ... a judge may have had to rule that they could not get a fair trial and those girls would NEVER have seen the men brought to justice".[134]

Shuningdek, 2018 yil oktyabr oyida, AQSh Respublikachilar partiyasi kongressmen Pol Gosar and six other members of congress invited Robinson to speak at a private meeting at the AQSh Kongressi on 14 November 2018.[161] The trip was to be sponsored by the Yaqin Sharq forumi, which said it had provided Robinson with legal funds since his imprisonment.[161] Robinson was not granted a visa for the trip.[162][39]

On 23 February 2019, Robinson held a rally in MediaCityUK outside BBC's Salford, Greater Manchester offices to protest against BBC's investigative current affairs programme Panorama and its presenter Jon Suini. During the rally, Robinson launched his film Panodrama that was broadcast on a large screen to the protesters estimated to be 4000 people, showing undercover footage of Sweeney, filmed by Robinson's former aide Lucy Brown. UKIP leader Gerard Batten spoke in support during the rally. Robinson said the aim of the protest was to make a stand "against the corrupt media" and called for the BBC litsenziyasi uchun to'lov bekor qilinmoq. Concurrently, about 500 people attended a counter-protest by anti-fascists.[163] In response, the BBC made an announcement that it strongly rejects any suggestion that its journalism is biased. Confirming that an upcoming Panorama episode was being prepared to investigate Robinson and his activities, it added that all programmes the BBC broadcasts follow BBC's "strict editorial guidelines". Regarding some of Sweeney's remarks during Robinson's Panodrama film exposé, the BBC announcement added: "Some of the footage which has been released was recorded without our knowledge during this investigation and John Sweeney made some offensive and inappropriate remarks, for which he apologises."[164]

Robinson announced his plans to stand as an MEP in the 2019 European Union parliamentary elections on 23 May, for the north-west of England European Parliament constituency.[165] Running as an independent, Robinson submitted all necessary documentation and paid the £5,000 deposit to be a candidate in the elections. Soon after announcing his run, Twitter suspended his newly-established electoral campaign account, after it was reported as a new account creation by a banned user.[166] Robinson received only 2.2% of the vote and lost his deposit as a result.[167]

Yangi sud jarayoni

Following court hearings on 27 September[168] and 23 October, the case was referred to the Bosh prokuror, Geoffrey Cox QC MP. Judge Nicholas Hilliard said the matter was so complex it needed further consideration, adding "all the evidence must be rigorously tested". The referral would allow witnesses to be cross-examined.[169][170]

In March 2019, the attorney general decided that it was in the public interest to bring further proceedings against Robinson. A contempt conviction had been quashed by the court of appeal in August 2018 "over procedural failings"[171] and Robinson had been freed on bail pending new proceedings at the Old Bailey. But Nicholas Hilliard, the London yozuvchisi had referred the case to the attorney general in October 2018 for further investigation. Cox acted on the referral and after further studies for five months, he decided to raise further proceedings against Robinson. He said about his action, "After carefully considering the details of this case, I have concluded there are strong grounds to bring fresh contempt of court proceedings against Stephen Yaxley-Lennon." He added, "As proceedings are now underway, it would not be appropriate to comment further and I remind everyone that it is an offence to comment on live court cases." The first hearing in this renewed case was due to take place at the High Court in London on 22 March 2019. Robinson reacted by alleging that this new procedure by the attorney general is part of "an ongoing state persecution of a journalist [Robinson], who exposes the [UK] government and establishment and all of their wrongs." Robinson could be sent to jail if he is found in contempt in this new trial.[172] The preliminary hearing was later postponed "until sometime after 3 May".[171]

On 5 July 2019, Robinson was again found guilty of contempt of court at the retrial[173] on three different grounds, including breaching the reporting restriction.[174]

Defence lawyers at the trial he was livestreaming from had applied for the jury to be discharged on the basis of having been prejudiced, within days of his video, which could have collapsed the trial, arguing:

It is inconceivable when you have 3.5 million hits on the internet that this information has not come to the attention of this jury. It is inconceivable that the jury have not been spoken to by others, whether they themselves were looking for the information matters or not.[174]

Three days before his scheduled sentencing on 11 July, Robinson appeared on Aleks Jons shousi on the right-wing conspiracy channel Info Wars to appeal for political asylum in the United States, saying:

I feel like I’m two days away from being sentenced to death in the U.K. for journalism. Today, I am calling on the help of Donald Trump, his administration and the Republican Party to grant me and my family political asylum in the United States of America. ... I beg Donald Trump, I beg the American government, to look at my case. I need evacuation from this country because dark forces are at work. ... This is a direct appeal on behalf of my family – we love the United States, I have no future here [in Britain]. The country has fallen.

Robinson claimed that British jails are controlled by jihadi gangs and he would be killed while in prison. Although Robinson has in the past been refused entry to the US, and was jailed in 2012 for using a friend's passport to enter the country, in October 2018 he was invited by Congressional Republicans to speak in Washington, but could not obtain a visa in time. President Trump's ambassador for international religious freedom, the former Senator Sem Braunbek raised the issue of Robinson's imprisonment with the British government in 2018, and the president's son, Kichik Donald Tramp has in the past tweeted in Robinson's support.[175][176]

On 11 July, Robinson was jailed for nine months at the Old Bailey. He described the sentence as an "absolute joke" and called for protests.[177] Outside the court, some of his supporters booed and a crowd marched towards the building chanting "we want Tommy out"; some began pelting police with bottles and cans.[178] Because Robinson had already served 69 days in prison, he would be required to serve about another ten weeks.[179]

On 13 September 2019, Robinson was released from prison after serving nine weeks.[23] Several days later, he said that he had spoken to Julian Assanj in prison, and announced that he supported him.[180]

Shaxsiy hayot

Robinson married in 2011 and is the father of three children.[38] He managed a sarg'ish salon Luton.[181][qachon? ]

Previous criminal convictions

Robinson's criminal record also includes convictions for violence, financial and immigration frauds, drug possession, and public order offences.[13][14][15] He had previously served at least three separate custodial sentences: in 2005 for assault, in 2012 for using false travel documents, and in 2014 for mortgage fraud.[16][17][18]

Hujum

In April 2005 at Luton Crown Court, Robinson was convicted of badanga haqiqiy shikast etkazish bilan bog'liq bo'lgan hujum va assault with intent to resist arrest against an off-duty police officer in July 2004. The officer had intervened in an argument in the street between Robinson and his then girlfriend, Jenna Vowles. In the struggle that followed, Robinson kicked the officer in the head as he laid on the ground. Robinson received sentences of 12 months and 3 months, which were served concurrently.[182]

In September 2011, at Preston Magistrates' Court, Robinson was convicted of assault for headbutting a man in Blackburn on 2 April 2011.[183][44] In November 2011, he was given a 12-week jail term, suspended for 12 months.[184]

Public order offence

In July 2011, at Luton and South Bedfordshire Magistrates' Court, Robinson was convicted of using threatening, abusive or insulting behaviour, for leading a group of "Luton Taun" supporters into a brawl involving 100 people in Luton on 24 August 2010. He was sentenced to a 12-month community rehabilitation order, 150 hours of unpaid work and given a three-year football banning order.[38][185]

False passport

In October 2012, Robinson was arrested and held on the charge of having entered the United States illegally. Robinson pleaded guilty at Southwark Crown Court to using someone else's passport to travel to the United States in September 2012, and was sentenced in January 2013 to 10 months' imprisonment.[16][186][187]

Robinson had used a passport in the name of Andrew McMaster to board a Virgin Atlantic flight from Heathrow to New York.[16] He had been banned from entering the US due to his criminal record. When he arrived at New York's JFK Airport, customs officials who took his fingerprints realised he was not McMaster. He was asked to attend a second interview but left the airport, entering the US illegally. He stayed one night and returned to the UK the following day using his own legitimate passport – which bears the name Paul Harris.[188]

Judge Alistair McCreath told him: "What you did went absolutely to the heart of the immigration controls that the United States are entitled to have. It's not in any sense trivial."[16]

U ozod qilindi elektron yorliq 2013 yil 22 fevralda.[189]

Firibgarlik

In November 2012, Robinson was charged with three counts of conspiracy to commit fraud by misrepresentation in relation to a mortgage application, along with five other defendants.[190] He pleaded guilty to two charges and in January 2014 was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment.[191][187]

Robinson's fraud amounted to £160,000 over a period of six months. Judge Andrew Bright QC described him as the "instigator, if not the architect" of a series of frauds totalling £640,000. "This was an operation which was fraudulent from the outset and involved a significant amount of forward planning." He described Robinson as a "fixer" who had introduced others to fraudulent mortgage broker Deborah Rothschild. Rothschild had assisted some defendants by providing fake pay slips and income details.[17]

Robinson was attacked by several fellow prisoners in HM Prison Woodhill.[192][193] Following news of the attack, Maajid Navoz ga yozgan Adliya bo'yicha davlat kotibi, Kris Grayling, asking for Robinson's situation to be urgently addressed.[193][194] Shortly after this incident, Robinson was moved to Winchester HM qamoqxonasi. Robinson aytdi Jeymi Bartlett, a director of the think tank Namoyishlar: "In Woodhill, I experienced Islam the gang. [...] In Winchester, I have experienced Islam the religion." Robinson made friends with several Muslim prisoners, referring to them as "great lads [...] I cannot speak highly enough of the Muslim inmates I'm now living with".[195] In June 2014, Robinson was released on licence. The terms of his early release included having no contact with the EDL until the end of his original sentence in June 2015.[195] He was due to talk to the Oksford ittifoqi in October 2014, but was recalled to prison before the event for breaching the terms of his licence.[196] He was ultimately released on 14 November 2014.[197]

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Sandle, Paul (5 July 2019). "Far-right activist Tommy Robinson convicted in contempt-of-court case". Reuters. London. Olingan 12 iyul 2019.
  2. ^ *"Buyuk Britaniyaning o'ta o'ng arbobi Tommi Robinson xo'rlik uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Business Insider. 2018 yil 29-may. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 15 iyunda. Olingan 15 iyun 2018.
  3. ^ a b v "EDL - Buyuk Britaniyaning uzoq o'ng ijtimoiy harakati" (PDF). Radikalizm va yangi media tadqiqot guruhi, Northempton universiteti, 22 sentyabr 2011. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi (PDF) 2012 yil 21 yanvarda. Olingan 2 fevral 2012.
  4. ^ "UKIP leader defends hiring Tommy Robinson". BBC yangiliklari. 23 noyabr 2018 yil.
  5. ^ a b v d Elgot, Jessica (16 June 2013). "EDL's Tommy Robinson Admits Real Name Is Stephen Yaxley, Was In BNP To Andrew Neil On Sunday Politics". The Huffington Post (UK). Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 20 oktyabrda. Olingan 20 oktyabr 2013.
  6. ^ a b v Bartlett, Jeymi (2015 yil 4-dekabr). "Tommi Robinzon bilan butun Evropa bo'ylab: Britaniyaga tez orada kelayotgan immigratsiyaga qarshi yangi norozilik namoyishi ichida". Daily Telegraph. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2015 yil 5 dekabrda. Olingan 5 dekabr 2015.
  7. ^ Scott, Mark (2017 yil 16-may). "U.S. Far-Right Activists Promote Hacking Attack Against Macron". The New York Times. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2017 yil 29 iyuldagi. Olingan 10 iyul 2017.
  8. ^ "To'rt xonali uy uchun kurash: Rebel Media erishi va tortishuvlar markazidagi to'liq yozuv". Globalnews.ca. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2017 yil 3 sentyabrda. Olingan 29 sentyabr 2017.
  9. ^ Ruddik, Grem (3-yanvar, 2018-yil). "Katie Xopkins Kanadaning o'ta o'ng qanotli Rebel Media veb-saytiga qo'shildi". Guardian. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 3 yanvarda. Olingan 3 yanvar 2018.
  10. ^ Oppenxaym, Mayya (13.03.2018). "Lauren South: Kaleda o'ta o'ng qanot faoli hibsga olingan va Buyuk Britaniyaga kirishi taqiqlangan". Mustaqil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 14 martda. Olingan 19 avgust 2018.
  11. ^ Sharp, Alastair (2017 yil 22-avgust). "Kanadaning o'ta o'ngdagi Rebel Media sayti xizmat to'xtatilgandan keyin ishlamayapti". Sidney Morning Herald. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 19-avgustda. Olingan 19 avgust 2018.
  12. ^ [7][8][9][10][11]
  13. ^ a b Finnegan, Stephanie; MacKenzie, Oliver (30 May 2018). "This is why Tommy Robinson was jailed for filming outside a court". Cambridgenews-mews.co.uk. Olingan 13 fevral 2019.
  14. ^ a b "Tommy Robinson boasts about drugs and proclaims himself 'king of the whole Islam race', in leaked video". Mustaqil. 13 fevral 2019 yil. Olingan 13 fevral 2019.
  15. ^ a b "Why Tommy Robinson could find himself in jail again". Mustaqil. 1 avgust 2018. Olingan 13 fevral 2019.
  16. ^ a b v d e f g "EDL leader Stephen Lennon jailed for false passport offence". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 7-yanvar. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2017 yil 9 aprelda. Olingan 17 iyul 2018.
  17. ^ a b v "Tommy Robinson, former EDL leader, jailed for fraud". BBC yangiliklari. 2014 yil 23-yanvar. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 23 yanvarda. Olingan 26 oktyabr 2018.
  18. ^ a b Sawer, Patrick (8 December 2018). "Met police fear violent clashes over march by far-right 'Brexit Betrayal' militants". Telegraf. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi on 8 December 2018. Robinson, a former member of the extremist British National Party, is a convicted fraudster and football hooligan who was also jailed for 12 months for assaulting an off-duty police officer in 2005.
  19. ^ "UK anti-Islam activist Tommy Robinson freed on bail". euronews. 1 avgust 2018. Olingan 14 yanvar 2020.
  20. ^ "Tommy Robinson jailed over contempt of court". BBC yangiliklari. BBC. 11 iyul 2019. Olingan 11 iyul 2019.
  21. ^ "Tommy Robinson given nine-month jail sentence for contempt of court". Guardian. 11 iyul 2019. Olingan 11 iyul 2019.
  22. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (8 July 2019). "Tommy Robinson begs Donald Trump to grant him political asylum". Mustaqil. Olingan 23 iyul 2019.
  23. ^ a b Busby, Matta (13 September 2019) "Tommy Robinson released from jail after nine weeks" Guardian
  24. ^ a b "Angliya mudofaa ligasi terisi ostida". BBC yangiliklari. 2009 yil 12 oktyabr.
  25. ^ a b Lowles, Nick and Cressy, Simon (July 2010) "The BNP Past of the EDL Leader", Qidiruv nuri n.21, pp.4–5.
  26. ^ Hopkins, Steven (10 December 2015). "Tommy Robinson Explains The Making Of An Alter-Ego Even His Wife Can't Stand". Huffington Post UK. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2015 yil 11-dekabrda. After high school Robinson got an apprenticeship to study aircraft engineering at Luton Airport, but shortly after qualifying he was jailed for a year for assaulting an off-duty policeman... The officer had come to the rescue of Robinson's then girlfriend... The couple were “drunk arguing” at 3am. The cop wanted to walk Robinson’s girlfriend home. Robinson: 'I was being heated, and arguing, but I've never, ever, ever, ever, ever assaulted my missus and my wife. So I'm like, "fuck off man, what-you-talking-about".' At that point Robinson said the officer 'rugby tackled him' to the floor. 'I'm a young 23, 21-year-old lad and I'm pissed up, like to fight, and we're fighting, so I started fighting him, and when he's gone down to the floor.' Speaking in a low-voice now: 'I've kicked him in the head.'
  27. ^ Kelly, Jane (28 May 2018). "Tommy Robinson; The Three Boys. Drunk Driving or a police cover up?". Salisbury Review.
  28. ^ "Robinson: I have to live a two-tier life". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 17-iyun. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 11 sentyabrda.
  29. ^ Viktoriya Derbishir (host), Tommy Robinson (guest) (4 January 2010). Interview with Tommy Robinson. BBC radiosi 5 jonli (Audio). Viktoriya Derbishir.
  30. ^ a b v d Rowland Hill, Matt (18 October 2013). "Who is the real Tommy Robinson?". Daily Telegraph. London, Buyuk Britaniya. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 18 oktyabrda. Olingan 20 oktyabr 2013.
  31. ^ a b Copsey, Nigel (2010). "The English Defence League: Challenging our Country and our Values of Social Inclusion, Fairness and Equality" (PDF). Imon muhim. 13-14 betlar.
  32. ^ a b Casciani, Dominic (11 September 2009). "Who are the English Defence League?". BBC News magazine. Olingan 17 noyabr 2017.
  33. ^ "Luton-parad namoyishchilari ekstremistik guruh a'zolari edi'". Daily Telegraph. London, Buyuk Britaniya. 2009 yil 12 mart. Arxivlandi from the original on 15 March 2009.
  34. ^ a b Siddik, Harun. "Tommi Robinson EDL-dan chiqib," haddan tashqari haddan tashqari holatga aylandi "'". Guardian. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 8 oktyabrda. Olingan 8 oktyabr 2013.
  35. ^ "Ex-EDL leaders Tommy Robinson and Kevin Carroll cleared". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 16 oktyabr.
  36. ^ Gover, Dominic (1 July 2014). "EDL's Tommy Robinson Quits over 'Dangerous Far-Right Extremists'". International Business Times.
  37. ^ "EDL leader in lay-by attack". Luton bugun. 2011 yil 28-dekabr. Arxivlandi from the original on 3 January 2012.
  38. ^ a b v "EDL founder Stephen Lennon guilty over football brawl". BBC yangiliklari. BBC. 2011 yil 25-iyul. Arxivlandi 2011 yil 25 iyuldagi asl nusxadan. Olingan 3 sentyabr 2011.
  39. ^ a b v d "Who is Tommy Robinson? The former EDL leader and right-wing figurehead". Shotlandiyalik. 15 November 2018. Archived from asl nusxasi on 15 November 2018.
  40. ^ "EDL leader 'on hunger strike' in custody". Luton bugun. 2011 yil 5 sentyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2011 yil 11 oktyabrda. Olingan 6 sentyabr 2011.
  41. ^ "EDL 'Tommy' released from prison in Bedford and on bail for assault". Bedford bugun. 2011 yil 14 sentyabr. Olingan 4 yanvar 2012.
  42. ^ "EDL members protest outside prison". Bedfordshire Local News. 7 sentyabr 2011. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2013 yil 29 mayda. Olingan 11 sentyabr 2011.
  43. ^ "Bail term threat of EDL top boss". Bedfordshire Local News. 18 sentyabr 2011. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2013 yil 2-noyabrda. Olingan 19 sentyabr 2011.
  44. ^ a b "EDL leader Stephen Lennon convicted of assault". BBC yangiliklari. 2011 yil 29 sentyabr. Arxivlandi from the original on 2 October 2011.
  45. ^ Carter, Helen (3 November 2011). "EDL leader sentenced for headbutting fellow protester". Guardian. London, Buyuk Britaniya. Arxivlandi from the original on 5 July 2017.
  46. ^ "EDL members fined over rooftop protest". Luton bugun. 2011 yil 16-noyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2011 yil 20 dekabrda. Olingan 4 yanvar 2012.
  47. ^ Kevin Ravlinson (2011 yil 25-noyabr). "Angliya mudofaa ligasi mahalliy saylovlarga hujum qilishga tayyorlanmoqda". Mustaqil. London, Buyuk Britaniya. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2011 yil 13 dekabrda. Olingan 13 dekabr 2011.
  48. ^ "Tommy Robinson steps down from party to devote all his energy to EDL". Britaniya ozodlik partiyasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2012 yil 21 oktyabrda.
  49. ^ a b Ansar, Mohammed (19 October 2013). "My 18 months with former EDL leader Tommy Robinson". Guardian. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 20 oktyabrda. Olingan 20 oktyabr 2013.
  50. ^ Sally Kent (23 October 2013). "BBC One to broadcast documentary on Tommy Robinson's departure from English Defence League". Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 23 fevralda. Olingan 23 fevral 2019.
  51. ^ a b "EDL leader Tommy Robinson quits group". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 8 oktyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 8 oktyabrda. Olingan 8 oktyabr 2013.
  52. ^ Murray, Douglas (19 October 2013). "Tommy Robinson: Double standards, not fear of diversity, provoked the EDL". Tomoshabin. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 17 oktyabrda. Olingan 17 oktyabr 2013.
  53. ^ Thomas Daigle, Free speech firebrand Tommy Robinson's contentious views on Islam spreading beyond U.K. CBC News, 28/30 September 2018.
  54. ^ Malik, Shiv (2013 yil 11 oktyabr). "EDL sobiq rahbari Tommi Robinzon musulmonlarni qo'rquvga solgani uchun uzr so'rayapti". Guardian. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 20 oktyabrda. Olingan 29 oktyabr 2013.
  55. ^ Wright, Paul (4 December 2015). "Pegida UK: Tommy Robinson says 'terrorist epicentre' of Birmingham will be location of far-right march". International Business Times. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2015 yil 12 dekabrda. Olingan 4 yanvar 2016.
  56. ^ Steven Hopkins (4 December 2015). "Tommy Robinson, Former EDL Leader, Claims Quilliam Paid Him To Quit Far-Right Group". Huffington Post UK. Arxivlandi from the original on 16 October 2016.
  57. ^ "EDL founder Tommy Robinson speaks at the Oxford Union". BBC yangiliklari. 2014 yil 27-noyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2015 yil 12 yanvarda. Olingan 9 yanvar 2015.
  58. ^ Sherriff, Lucy (27 November 2014). "Tommy Robinson Speaks At Oxford University Union: Fear Has Paralysed The Police". Huffington Post. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 31 dekabrda. Olingan 9 yanvar 2015.
  59. ^ Milmo, Cahal (12 October 2015). "EDL founder Tommy Robinson addresses Pegida anti-Islam rally in Holland". Mustaqil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2017 yil 23 dekabrda.
  60. ^ Hopkins, Steven (15 February 2016). "Tommy Robinson Hospitalised After Being Attacked Outside Essex Nightclub, Days After Pegida Rally". Huffington Post UK. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2016 yil 16 fevralda.
  61. ^ Robinson, Tommy (2015). Davlat dushmani. Batli, West Yorkshire, England: The Press News Ltd. ISBN  978-0-9570964-9-3.
  62. ^ Bartlett, Jamie (4 February 2016). "What's it like to be Britain's most hated man? Ask Tommy Robinson". Daily Telegraph. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 14 aprelda.
  63. ^ "Ex-EDL leader Tommy Robinson wins football ban court case against Bedfordshire police". International Business Times. 19 sentyabr 2016 yil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2016 yil 20 sentyabrda. Olingan 20 sentyabr 2016.
  64. ^ Brown, Raymond (1 September 2016). "Ex-EDL leader Tommy Robinson's Cambridge pub incident – police boss defends officers". Kembrij yangiliklari. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 3 sentyabrda.
  65. ^ Freddie Lynne. "Tommy Robinson LOSES his case against Cambridgeshire Constabulary". Cambridgeshire Live. Olingan 15 mart 2019.
    - "Tommy Robinson loses harassment case against police force". Guardian. 15 mart 2019 yil. Olingan 16 mart 2019.
  66. ^ a b Dearden, Lizzi (2018 yil 29-may). "Tommy Robinson jailed after breaking contempt of court laws with Facebook Live video". Mustaqil. Olingan 29 may 2018.
  67. ^ Grafton-Green, Patrick (10 May 2017). "Former EDL leader Tommy Robinson arrested after 'trying to film Muslims' outside court". London Evening Standard. Arxivlandi from the original on 30 December 2017.
  68. ^ Castle, Vicky (8 May 2017). "Far right activist Tommy Robinson was warned by police after turning up at Canterbury Crown Court". Kent Live. Uchlik oynasi. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2017 yil 8 mayda.
  69. ^ McLoughlin, Peter; Robinson, Tommy (2017). Mohammed's Koran: Why Muslims Kill For Islam. o'z-o'zidan nashr etilgan. ISBN  978-1-5426-2780-1.
  70. ^ Togoh, Isabel (28 February 2019). "Tommy Robinson Book Removed From Amazon, Just Days After Facebook Account Disabled". Huffpost.
  71. ^ Wilford, Greg (25 June 2017). "Former EDL leader Tommy Robinson filmed brawling with man at Ascot". Mustaqil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2017 yil 10 avgustda. Olingan 10 avgust 2017.
  72. ^ "Man guilty of hate crime for filming pug's 'Nazi salutes'". BBC yangiliklari. 20 mart 2018 yil.
  73. ^ "Count Dankula found guilty of hate crime after teaching pet pug 'Nazi salute'". 20 mart 2018 yil.
  74. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (23 January 2018). "Finsbury Park terror suspect Darren Osborne read messages from Tommy Robinson days before attack, court hears". Mustaqil.
  75. ^ Molloy, Mark (19 June 2017). "Former EDL leader Tommy Robinson condemned over Finsbury Park mosque comments". Daily Telegraph. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 3 mayda.
  76. ^ Ruddik, Grem (2017 yil 20-iyun). "ITV EDL asoschisining Good Morning Britaniyadagi chiqishlarini himoya qiladi". Guardian. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi on 21 June 2017.
  77. ^ "Darren Osborne guilty of Finsbury Park mosque murder". BBC yangiliklari. 1 fevral 2018 yil.
  78. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (26 February 2018). "Finsbury Park attacker turned violent by far-right posts from Tommy Robinson and Britain First, police say". Mustaqil.
  79. ^ Agerholm, Harriet (27 February 2018). "Tommy Robinson threatens to 'find' UK's most senior counter terrorism police officer". Mustaqil.
  80. ^ a b "Syrian refugee, 15, fears school after playing field attack". ITV yangiliklari. 2018 yil 28-noyabr.
  81. ^ Morris, Georgina (29 November 2018). "Syrian refugee, 15, says he feels unsafe at Huddersfield school as video emerges of attack on sister". Yorkshire Post.
  82. ^ Parveen, Nazia (30 November 2018). "Syrian Huddersfield boy asks people not to attack his alleged bully". Guardian.
  83. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (29 November 2018). "Syrian refugee attack: Family plan to sue Tommy Robinson over allegations against teenage victim". Mustaqil.
  84. ^ Parveen, Nazia (29 November 2018). "Bullied Syrian refugee says he will not return to Huddersfield school". Guardian.
  85. ^ "Huddersfield video: Syrian boy fundraiser 'spent on relocation'". BBC yangiliklari. 5 dekabr 2018 yil.
  86. ^ Parveen, Nazia (6 December 2018). "Tommy Robinson threatened with legal action over 'bully' video". Guardian. Olingan 6 dekabr 2018.
  87. ^ a b Halliday, Josh (21 January 2019). "Bullied Syrian schoolboy to sue Facebook over Tommy Robinson claims". Guardian. Olingan 21 yanvar 2019.
  88. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (21 January 2019). "Syrian refugee attack: Boy's family crowdfunding to sue Tommy Robinson and Facebook over 'defamation'". Mustaqil. Olingan 21 yanvar 2019.
  89. ^ Katy Clifton (30 November 2018). "Tommy Robinson admits he shared 'fake news' about Muslims attacking boy at school where Syrian refugee was filmed being bullied". London Evening Standard. Olingan 30 noyabr 2018.
  90. ^ "Far-right activist Tommy Robinson removes videos after legal threat". CNN International. 30 Noyabr 2018. Olingan 30 noyabr 2018.
  91. ^ Day, Aasma (3 December 2018). "Lawyer Suing Tommy Robinson On Behalf Of Syrian Refugee Dismisses Claims He Is Blocking Free Speech". Huffington Post.
  92. ^ Parveen, Nazia (14 May 2019). "Tommy Robinson sued by Syrian schoolboy he accused of assault". Guardian. Olingan 16 may 2019.
  93. ^ Hamilton, Isobel Asher (26 February 2019) "Facebook has banned far-right activist Tommy Robinson for spreading Islamophobia" Business Insider
  94. ^ Rawlinson, Kevin (28 March 2018). "Tommy Robinson permanently banned by Twitter". Guardian.
  95. ^ Williams, Sophie (17 January 2019). "YouTube bans ads on Tommy Robinson's account to stop him making money". Kechki standart. Olingan 17 yanvar 2019.
  96. ^ "Tommy Robinson supporters 'blocked fire exits to confront SNP MP'". Milliy. 21 yanvar 2019 yil. Olingan 22 yanvar 2019.
  97. ^ Busby, Eleanor (16 February 2019). "Rape charity hotline bombarded with 'racist abuse' from Tommy Robinson supporters". Mustaqil.
  98. ^ Hern, Alex (26 February 2019). "Tommy Robinson banned from Facebook and Instagram". Guardian. Olingan 26 fevral 2019.
  99. ^ a b v d Walker, Peter; Parveen, Nazia (5 March 2019). "Journalist calls police as Tommy Robinson makes video at his home". Olingan 5 mart 2019 - www.theguardian.com orqali.
  100. ^ "Opinion: I am the latest victim of Tommy Robinson's campaign to intimidate his critics – but he won't shut me up". Mustaqil. 5 mart 2019 yil. Olingan 5 mart 2019.
  101. ^ "Police called after ranting Tommy Robinson bangs on critic's door at 5am". Mustaqil. 5 mart 2019 yil. Olingan 5 mart 2019.
  102. ^ Dearden, Lizzie (2 April 2019). "Tommy Robinson's YouTube videos restricted after internet giant refuses to delete channel". Mustaqil.
  103. ^ Rahim, Zamira (5 April 2019). "Tommy Robinson banned by Snapchat". Mustaqil. Olingan 26 aprel 2019.
  104. ^ "The Sappho Award 2019 - Tommy Robinson's speech". Trykke Frihed. 21 yanvar 2020 yil.
    - Lakmann, Cathrine (19 January 2020). "Dansk pris til britisk højrefløjsaktivist". DR (Daniya tilida).
    - Busk, Emma (18 January 2020). "Modstand mod dansk pris til 'Englands Paludan'". Ekstrabladet.
  105. ^ Ervik, Kristian; Skjærestad, Bent (14 April 2012). "Dette er de tolv viktigste aktørene i det anti-islamistiske nettverket" [These are the twelve most important persons in the anti-islamic network] (in Norwegian). TV2. Olingan 21 iyul 2012.
  106. ^ Fekete, Liz (2012). "Musulmonlarning fitna nazariyasi va Oslo qirg'ini". Musobaqa va sinf. 53 (3): 30–47. doi:10.1177/0306396811425984.
  107. ^ Shaw, Neil (2 November 2020). "Tommy Robinson arrested at rally in London". Derbi Telegrafi.
  108. ^ Burke, Dave (1 November 2020). "Tommy Robinson arrested at rally as he shouts 'I haven't done anything wrong'". Daily Mirror. Olingan 3 noyabr 2020.
  109. ^ a b "UKIP AM calls for new leadership election over Tommy Robinson role". BBC yangiliklari. 23 noyabr 2018 yil.
  110. ^ "Nigel Farage calls Tommy Robinson a 'thug'". Belfast Telegraph. 23 noyabr 2018 yil.
  111. ^ Umid, Kristofer; Bird, Steve (1 December 2018). "Revealed: far-Right Ukip Brexit demo 'organiser' is a convicted kidnapper". Telegraf.
  112. ^ Embury-Dennis, Tom (4 December 2018). "Nigel Farage quits Ukip: Former leader leaves party over Tommy Robinson links". Mustaqil.
  113. ^ Kentish, Benjamin (6 September 2018). "Ukip to debate inviting Tommy Robinson to join party". Mustaqil. Olingan 9 sentyabr 2018.
  114. ^ "UKIP AMs say Tommy Robinson should not be given membership". BBC yangiliklari. 17 noyabr 2018 yil.
  115. ^ "Tommy Robinson to stand in European Parliament election". BBC yangiliklari. 25-aprel, 2019-yil. Olingan 25 aprel 2019.
  116. ^ Halliday, Josh (25-aprel, 2019-yil). "Tommi Robinzon Evropa Parlamenti a'zosi bo'lish rejalarini e'lon qildi". Guardian.
  117. ^ Dearden, Lizzi (2019 yil 3-may). "Tommi Robinzon: Politsiya ko'cha janjalini tekshirmoqda, unda namoyishchilar sut kokteyli hujumidan keyin" burnini sindirgan ". Mustaqil.
  118. ^ Halliday, Josh, Humiliated Tommy Robinson sneaks out of election count early, Guardian, 2019 yil 27-may.
    - Rothwell, James, Tommi Robinson va Reychel Jonson singari taniqli nomzodlarning aralash boyliklari Evropa Ittifoqi saylovlarida yutqazmoqda, Telegraf, 2019 yil 27-may.
  119. ^ Djo Roberts (26 may 2019). "Tommi Robinson Evropa saylovlarida sharmandali mag'lubiyatga uchradi". Buyuk Britaniya metrosi. Olingan 26 may 2019.
  120. ^ "Tommi Robinson Evropa Ittifoqi Parlamentining g'alati va unsiz ovozda ikkinchi ovoz berilishini talab qilmoqda", Milliy, 2019 yil 27-may.
  121. ^ "Tommi Robinzon Boris Jonsonni bosh vazir bo'lishini ma'qulladi". Metro.
  122. ^ "Islomga qarshi kurashchi" Tommy Robinson "" Tori "ga qo'shilganligini e'lon qildi". Morning Star. 13 dekabr 2019 yil.
  123. ^ "Deputatlar Kati Xopkins va Tommi Robinsonning Konservativ partiyaga qo'shilgani haqidagi da'volariga munosabat bildirishdi". Plimut Xerald. 16 dekabr 2019 yil.
  124. ^ Sem Bright (2019 yil 19-dekabr). "Tommi Robinson konservativ a'zolik kartasini soxtalashtirdi". Scram:. Olingan 20 mart 2020.CS1 maint: qo'shimcha tinish belgilari (havola)
  125. ^ a b v Xeldeydi, Josh; Bkett, Lois; Barr, Caelainn (2018 yil 7-dekabr). "Ochiq: Tommi Robinzon ortidagi yashirin global tarmoq". Guardian.
  126. ^ Stuchberi, Mayk (2019 yil 5-fevral). "Haddan tashqari o'ng radikallashuvning pog'onasi bizni dahshatga solishi kerak - bu erda uni qanday to'xtatish kerak". Mustaqil.
  127. ^ Beyli, Lyuk (2018 yil 14-iyul). "Ushbu qattiqqo'l AQSh konservativ tahlil markazi Buyuk Britaniyadagi Tommi Robinson mitinglarini moliyalashtirayotganini aytmoqda". iNews.
  128. ^ "Paypal Tommy Robinson uchun to'lovlarni amalga oshirishni to'xtatdi". BBC yangiliklari. 8 Noyabr 2018. Olingan 13 noyabr 2018.
  129. ^ "PayPal Tommi Robinzonga xizmatdan foydalanishni taqiqladi". Guardian. 8 Noyabr 2018.
  130. ^ a b v d Dearden, Lizzi (19 oktyabr 2018). "Tommi Robinzon" Xaddersfild "ning sud jarayonini yiqilishiga va zo'rlagan bolalar ozod qilinishiga sabab bo'lishi mumkin edi". Mustaqil. Olingan 28 oktyabr 2018.
  131. ^ a b v Dearden, Lizzi (2018 yil 25-may). "Tommi Robinzon sud jarayoni paytida sud tashqarisida" tinchlikni buzgani "uchun hibsga olingan". Mustaqil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 25 mayda. Olingan 25 may 2018. Sudya Xezer Norton unga o'tgan yilning may oyida uch oylik qamoq jazosini tayinlagan, ammo boshqa huquqbuzarliklar sodir etmaslik sharti bilan uni 18 oyga to'xtatib qo'ygan. […] "Bu hakamlar hay'ati yaxlitligini saqlab qolish, odamlarni qo'rqitmasdan yoki mas'uliyatsiz va noto'g'ri" xabar berish "ta'siriga tushmasdan davom ettirish, agar shunday bo'lsa edi."
  132. ^ a b v d e f "R-v-Yaxley-Lennon apellyatsiyasi" (PDF). Olingan 14 avgust 2019.
  133. ^ Telegraf muxbirlari (2017 yil 20-iyun). "Tommi Robinzon kim - ilgari EDL rahbari" mutaassib telba "deb nomlangan'". Telegraf. Olingan 26 may 2018.
  134. ^ a b "YEP shunday deydi: Nima uchun Tommi Robinzon qilgan ishni Tommi birinchi o'ringa qo'ydi - biz qilgan ish qurbonlarni birinchi o'ringa qo'ydi". Yorkshire Evening Post. 19 oktyabr 2018 yil.
  135. ^ a b v d Daro, Ismoil N. (2018 yil 29-may). "Tommi Robinzon kim va nima uchun uning hibsga olinishi o'ng qanot vositalarini asir qildi?". BuzzFeed yangiliklari.
  136. ^ Perraudin, Frensis (2018 yil 29-may). "EDL asoschisi Tommi Robinson sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Guardian. Guardian Media Group. Olingan 29 may 2018.
  137. ^ a b v "EDLning sobiq rahbari Tommi Robinzon Lids sudida qamoqqa tashlandi". BBC yangiliklari. 2018 yil 29-may. Olingan 7 iyun 2018.
  138. ^ van Unen, Devid (2018 yil 28-may). "Britisiyalik anti-islomaktivist Tommi Robinzon de sel in". NRC (golland tilida). Olingan 28 may 2018.
  139. ^ McMenemy, Rachael (2018 yil 5-avgust). "Tommi Robinzon: EDL asoschisini ozod qilishda sudyalar shunday dedilar". Kembrij yangiliklari.
  140. ^ Qush, Stiv. "EDL asoschisi Tommi Robinson Tiradni Facebook-da tarqatganidan keyin sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Daily Telegraph. Olingan 31 may 2018.
  141. ^ Selk, Avi (2018 yil 29-may). "Musulmonlarga qarshi kurashchi Tommi Robinzon Britaniyada yashirincha qamoqqa tashlanganidan keyin konservativ g'azab". Vashington Post.
  142. ^ "Xabarlarga ko'ra, o'ng qanot faoli Tommi Robinzon bolalarni parvarish qilish bo'yicha sud jarayoni tashqarisida suratga olinganidan keyin qamalgan". Fox News. 26 may 2018 yil. Olingan 27 may 2018.
  143. ^ Isitman, Elif (2018 yil 29-may). "Tommy Robinson uchun siyosiy siyosat olib boriladi". Elsevier (golland tilida).
  144. ^ Mustaqil reportyor (2018 yil 27-may). "Tommi Robinzon noroziligi: Dauning-stritda yuzlab odamlar o'ta o'ngchi shaxs hibsga olingandan keyin namoyish o'tkazmoqda". Mustaqil.
  145. ^ Drury, Kolin (2018 yil 15-iyul). "Ro'mol kiygan avtobus haydovchisi o'ta o'ng Tomi Robinzon namoyishchilariga Buyuk Britaniyada qanday ajoyib narsalarni ko'rsatmoqda". Mustaqil.
  146. ^ Drury, Kolin (2018 yil 23-iyul). "Tommi Robinsonning noroziligi: Politsiya London mitingida zo'ravonlikdan keyin qidirilayotgan to'qqiz kishining rasmlarini tarqatdi". Mustaqil.
  147. ^ Rodger, Jeyms (2018 yil 30-may). "Tommi Robinsonni ozod qilish to'g'risidagi iltimosnoma 13 oy qamoqqa tashlanganidan keyin 500 ming marta imzolandi". Birmingem pochtasi.
  148. ^ Armstrong, Stiven (2018 yil 28-iyul). "Bu Tommi Robinzonni kim qo'llab-quvvatlayotganligini ko'rsatadigan Twitter ma'lumotlari". Simli. Olingan 2 avgust 2018.
  149. ^ a b Sharqdagi Beale (2018 yil 8-avgust). "Tommi Robinzon qamoqxonada televizor yo'qligi sababli" ruhiy qiynoqqa solinganidan "shikoyat qiladi". Mustaqil. Olingan 19 avgust 2018.
  150. ^ a b Smit, Mikey; MakKenzi, Oliver (14 iyun 2018). "Yo'q, Tommi Robinzon 71 foiz musulmon qamoqxonasiga ko'chirilmagan". Kembrij yangiliklari.
  151. ^ Chikls, Simon (22 yanvar 2019). "Uzoq-o'ng provokatorlar ular taklif qilinayotgan qutqarilishga loyiq emaslar". Vitse-muovin. Olingan 7 dekabr 2019.
  152. ^ "Tommi Robinson tarafdori va sudlangan zo'rlagan Ueyn Kirbi Sajid Javidga tahdid qilgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Worcester News. 6 mart 2019 yil.
  153. ^ Hosenball, Mark (2018 yil 14-iyul). "Trampning elchisi qamoqdagi o'ng qanot faoli Tommi Robinzon nomidan Britaniyani lobbi qildi". Reuters. Olingan 17 iyul 2018.
  154. ^ Polglase, Keti (26-iyul, 2018-yil). "Buyuk Britaniyaning qamoqdagi o'ta o'ng faollari AQShda taniqli tarafdorlarini topdilar". CNN. CNN. Olingan 27 iyul 2018.
  155. ^ "Buyuk Britaniyaning Bosh prokurori - Stiven Yaxli-Lennon" (PDF). Olingan 17 avgust 2019.
  156. ^ Dearden, Lizzi (2018 yil 1-avgust). "Tommi Robinson qamoqdan chiqqandan keyin yangi tahqirlangan tinglovlarga duch kelmoqda". Mustaqil.
  157. ^ "Tommi Robinsonning apellyatsiyasi: nima bo'ldi?". Yashirin advokat. 2018 yil 18-iyul. Olingan 2 avgust 2018.
  158. ^ Buyuk Britaniyalik faol Tommi Robinson qamoqdan chiqqandan keyin o'z fikrlarini bildirdi. Fox News.
  159. ^ "Armiya Tommi Robinsonning askarlar bilan tushgan suratini tekshirmoqda". BBC yangiliklari. 9 oktyabr 2018 yil. Olingan 17 oktyabr 2018.
  160. ^ Grierson, Jeymi (10 oktyabr 2018). "Ekstremizmga qarshi kurash bo'yicha boshliq Tommi Robinzon askarining fotosuratiga hujum qildi". Guardian.
  161. ^ a b Dearden, Lizzi (2018 yil 25-oktabr). "Tommi Robinson respublikachilar tarafdorlari tomonidan Vashingtondagi AQSh Kongressi a'zolariga murojaat qilishga taklif qilindi". Mustaqil. Olingan 5 noyabr 2018.
  162. ^ "Tommi Robinsonga Vashingtonga tashrif buyurish uchun o'z vaqtida AQSh vizasi berilmagan". Guardian. 2018 yil 13-noyabr. Olingan 13 noyabr 2018.
  163. ^ "Tommi Robinzon BBC Panoramasiga qarshi Salford noroziligini o'tkazmoqda". BBC. 23 fevral 2019 yil. Olingan 26 fevral 2019.
  164. ^ Bak, Kate (2019 yil 23-fevral). "Tommi Robinson Bi-bi-sining" soxta yangiliklari "haqida hamma narsani hujjatli filmda ochib berishga da'vo qilmoqda". Metro. Olingan 26 fevral 2019.
  165. ^ Josh Halliday (2019 yil 25-aprel). "Tommi Robinzon Evropa Parlamenti a'zosi bo'lish rejalarini e'lon qildi". Guardian. Olingan 28 aprel 2019.
  166. ^ "Tommy Robinsonning yangi Twitter akkaunti paydo bo'lganidan bir necha soat o'tib to'xtatib qo'yildi". 14 may 2019 yil. Olingan 14 yanvar 2020.
  167. ^ Josh Halliday (2019 yil 27-may). "Xo'rlangan Tommi Robinzon saylovlardan oldin yashirincha yashiringan". Guardian. Olingan 11 iyul 2019.
  168. ^ "Tommi Robinson: Old-Beylda sobiq EDL rahbari nafrat ishi uchun paydo bo'ldi". BBC yangiliklari. 27 sentyabr 2018 yil.
  169. ^ "Tommi Robinson: Noqulay ish Bosh prokurorga yuborildi". BBC yangiliklari. 23 oktyabr 2018 yil.
  170. ^ Geyl, Damien (2018 yil 23-oktabr). "Tommi Robinson: sudya nafratlangan ishni bosh prokurorga yuboradi". Guardian.
  171. ^ a b Owoseje, Toyin; Dearden, Lizzi (2019 yil 19 mart). "Tommi Robinsonning Facebook-dagi videoni ko'rib chiqishda sudga nisbatan hurmatsizlik kechiktirildi". Mustaqil. Olingan 27 aprel 2019.
  172. ^ Bowkott, Ouen (7 mart 2019). "Tommi Robinson sud ishlariga nisbatan yangi tahqirlashga duch keladi - Bosh prokuror EDL asoschisiga qarshi ish ochish uchun kuchli jamoat manfaatlari asoslarini keltirib o'tdi". Guardian. Olingan 7 mart 2019.
  173. ^ "Tommi Robinzon Facebook efirida aybdor". BBC yangiliklari. 2019 yil 5-iyul.
  174. ^ a b Dearden, Lizzi (2019 yil 5-iyul). "Tommi Robinson" Xaddersfild "ning to'dasi ustidan sud jarayoni qulab tushishiga qanchalik yaqinlashdi". Mustaqil.
  175. ^ Dearden, Lizzi (2019 yil 8-iyul) "Tommi Robinson: EDL asoschisi Trampdan unga AQShdan siyosiy boshpana berishni iltimos qilmoqda" Mustaqil
  176. ^ Dono, Jastin (9-iyul, 2019-yil) "Buyuk Britaniyaning musulmonlarga qarshi o'ta o'ng faollari Tommi Robinzon sudlanganidan keyin Trampdan boshpana so'raydi" Tepalik
  177. ^ Stubli, Piter; Forrest, Adam (11 iyul 2019). "Tommi Robinson sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Mustaqil.
  178. ^ "Tommi Robinson sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun qamoqqa tashlandi", BBC yangiliklari, 2019 yil 11-iyul.
  179. ^ Carpani, Jessica va Bird, Stiv, "Tommi Robinson ijtimoiy tarmoqdagi videorolik uchun sudga hurmatsizlik qilgani uchun to'qqiz oyga ozodlikdan mahrum etildi" Daily Telegraph, 2019 yil 11-iyul.
  180. ^ Dearden, Lizzi (16 sentyabr 2019) "Tommi Robinson Julian Assanjni" qamoqda WikiLeaks asoschisi bilan suhbatlashgandan keyin "qo'llab-quvvatlashini e'lon qiladi" Mustaqil
  181. ^ Randolf, Erik (2013 yil 8 oktyabr). "'Biz aslida qarshi bo'lgan narsa ekstremizm ... ': EDLning sobiq rahbari Tommi Robinzonning murakkab dunyosi ochib berildi ". Mustaqil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2015 yil 1 oktyabrda. Olingan 18 fevral 2019.
  182. ^ Spenser, Jon R (2016). Yomon xarakterga oid dalillar (Uchinchi nashr). Oksford va Portlend, Oregon: Hart nashriyoti. p. 301. ISBN  9781509900046.
  183. ^
  184. ^
  185. ^ "Angliya mudofaa ligasi asoschisi ko'cha janjaliga rahbarlik qilgani uchun sudlandi". Theguardian.com. 2011 yil 25-iyul.
  186. ^ "EDL rahbari Lennon pasport huquqbuzarligi uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Sky News. 7 yanvar 2013. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2013 yil 13 martda. Olingan 20 oktyabr 2013.
  187. ^ a b "EDL asoschisi Tommi Robinson ipoteka kreditini firibgarligi uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". Guardian (Associated Press). 23 yanvar 2014. p. 10. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 3 fevralda. Olingan 23 yanvar 2014.
  188. ^ "EDL rahbari Stiven Lennon pasport firibgarligi uchun qamoqqa tashlandi". London Evening Standard. 2013 yil 7-yanvar. Olingan 17 iyul 2018.
  189. ^ Arden, Kristofer (2013 yil 22-fevral). "Angliya mudofaa ligasi rahbari" qamoqdan ozod qilindi'". Guardian. London. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2013 yil 4 oktyabrda. Olingan 24 fevral 2013.
  190. ^ "EDL rahbari Stiven Lennon ipoteka firibgarligida ayblanmoqda". BBC yangiliklari. 2012 yil 28-noyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2012 yil 29 noyabrda. Olingan 28 noyabr 2012.
  191. ^ "EDL asoschisi Stiven Yaxley-Lennon ipoteka kreditidagi firibgarlikni tan oldi". BBC yangiliklari. 2013 yil 26-noyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 5 fevralda. Olingan 25 yanvar 2014.
  192. ^ "EDL asoschisi Tommi Robinzon musulmonlarning hujumidan qo'rqib, Vudxill qamoqxonasida kaltaklandi". International Business Times. 2014 yil 5-fevral. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 8 mayda. Olingan 7 may 2014.
  193. ^ a b "Tommi Robinson qamoqxonada" hujumga uchragan ", MoJ AQSh EDL boshlig'ining qamoqqa olinishini qayta o'ylashga undadi". Huffington Post (Buyuk Britaniya). 2014 yil 7-fevral. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 1 aprelda. Olingan 7 may 2014.
  194. ^ "Maajid Navozdan xat" (PDF). Quilliam International. 2014 yil 6-fevral. Arxivlandi (PDF) asl nusxasidan 2018 yil 8 yanvarda.
  195. ^ a b "'Qo'riqchilar qamoqni boshqarmaydi, Islom boshqaradi ': mening "isloh qilingan" Tommy Robinson bilan suhbatim. Daily Telegraph. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2014 yil 19 iyunda. Olingan 17 iyun 2014.
  196. ^ "Tommi Robinson, EDLning sobiq rahbari, qamoqxonani esladi". BBC yangiliklari. 20 oktyabr 2014 yil. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 20 oktyabrda. Olingan 21 oktyabr 2014.
  197. ^ "EDL Lutonga qaytib, yurish tinch o'tayotganda qaytdi". Luton bugun. 2014 yil 24-noyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2016 yil 7-avgustda. Olingan 12 iyun 2016.

Tashqi havolalar