Metropolitan politsiyasining yangiliklar ommaviy axborot vositalarida telefonlarni buzish janjalidagi roli - Metropolitan Police role in the news media phone hacking scandal - Wikipedia

Ushbu maqola 1999 yildagi tergovlarning boshlanishi haqida hikoya qiladi Metropolitan politsiya xizmati (Met) ning Buyuk London agentlar tomonidan ommaviy axborot vositalari bilan hamkorlikda maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy ravishda qo'lga kiritishda, odatda telefonni buzish janjali deb ataladi. Maqolada Met tomonidan o'tkazilgan tergovning ettita bosqichi va Metning o'zi tomonidan olib borilgan bir nechta tergovlar, jumladan Metning ishiga oid tanqid va javoblar muhokama qilinadi. Alohida maqolalar an janjal haqida umumiy ma'lumot va keng qamrovli to'plam batafsil ma'lumotga ega ma'lumotnomalar.

Asosiy maqola: Yangiliklar ommaviy axborot vositalarining telefonlarni buzish janjali

2002 yilga kelib axborot agentliklari tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan amaliyot maxfiy ma'lumotlarni olish uchun shaxsiy tergovchilar ("huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari") dan foydalanish keng tarqalgan edi. Bunga erishish uchun ba'zi bir shaxslar noqonuniy usullardan foydalanishgan. Telefonni noqonuniy buzish qurbonlari taniqli shaxslar, siyosatchilar, huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari xodimlari, advokatlar va oddiy fuqarolar.

Ushbu noqonuniy faoliyat aniqlangach, gumondorlar hibsga olingan va ba'zilari jinoyati uchun sudlangan. Ba'zi qurbonlar advokatlarni saqlab qolishdi ularning shaxsiy hayoti buzilganligini bilib, va da'vo arizasi yangiliklar media kompaniyalari va ularning agentlariga qarshi. Ba'zi qurbonlar moliyaviy to'lovlarni olishdi maxfiylikni buzganligi uchun. Muvaffaqiyatli kostyumlar va reklama tergov yangiliklari maqolalari yanada oshkor qilinishiga olib keldi, shu jumladan ko'proq qurbonlarning ismlari va boshqalar huquqbuzarlik to'g'risida hujjatli dalillar, ba'zi yangiliklar media agentlari tomonidan huquqbuzarliklarni tan olish va janjal bilan bog'liq bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan to'lovlar.

Da'volar ommaviy axborot vositalarining rahbarlari va huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari xodimlari tomonidan yomon xulosa va yashirincha qilingan. Natijada, qo'shimcha maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy olish bo'yicha tergov boshlandi va bir nechta yuqori lavozimli ma'murlar va politsiyachilar iste'foga chiqishga majbur bo'ldilar. Shuningdek, ular ham bor edi janjalning muhim tijorat natijalari. Zamonaviy sharhlovchilar Uotergeyt janjalini taqqoslashdi.

Metropoliten politsiyasi 1999-2011 yillarda bir nechta tergov o'tkazdi. Dastlabki uchta tergov, telefon kranlari va yozuvlarni olib qo'yishni o'z ichiga olgan holda, maxfiy ma'lumotlar noqonuniy ravishda, ba'zida politsiyachilar, shu jumladan davlat amaldorlari yordamida olinganligi to'g'risida ko'plab dalillarni muvaffaqiyatli yig'di. 2006 yilga kelib, etti kishi aybdor deb topildi, lekin 2011 yilgacha boshqa hibsga olishlar amalga oshirilmagan. Met ushbu dalillarning mavjud bo'lgan barcha muhim yo'nalishlarini tajovuzkor ravishda ta'qib qilmaganligi, telefon buzilishi qurbonlari bo'lgan barcha shaxslarni etarli darajada xabardor qilmaganligi va muammo doirasi to'g'risida jamoatchilikni va parlamentni chalg'itgani uchun tanqid qilindi.

Yashirin ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy ravishda qo'lga kiritishni tekshirishda davom etgan holda, Metning o'zi o'zining tekshiruvlarini sinchkovlik bilan o'tkazish va o'z xodimlarini noqonuniy ishlarga jalb qilish to'g'risida bir nechta tekshiruvlarning ob'ekti bo'ldi. 2011 yil iyul oyida telefonni buzish bilan bog'liq janjal odatda ma'lum bo'lganidan so'ng, Metning eng yaxshi ikki rasmiysi iste'foga chiqdilar. Metning yangi rahbariyati davom etayotgan tekshiruvlarni yordam berish uchun mustaqil politsiya tashkilotini jalb qilishning g'ayrioddiy choralari bilan kuchaytirdi.[1] 2011 yil iyul oyining o'rtalariga qadar ularning soni juda ko'p edi o'nta alohida tergov faol Met, parlament va boshqa davlat idoralarida.[2]

Metropoliten politsiyasining tekshiruvlari

1999 yilda Metropoliten Politsiyasi xususiy tergovchilar va jurnalistlar tomonidan keng tarqalgan maxfiy ma'lumotlarning noqonuniy olinishini tekshirishni boshladi. 2011 yilda Met ovozli pochtani ushlab qolish, kompyuterni buzish va mansabdor shaxslarning korrupsiyasiga qarshi intensiv tekshiruvlarni boshladi 90 dan ortiq hibsga olish.

Nigeriya operatsiyasi (1999)

Hech bo'lmaganda 1990-yillardan boshlab, xususiy tergovchi Jonatan Ris xabarlarga ko'ra, sobiq va xizmat qilayotgan politsiyachilar, bojxonachilar, QQS inspektori, bank xodimlari, o'g'rilar va blaggers ichki daromadlar, haydovchilik va transport vositalarini litsenziyalash agentligi (DVLA), banklar va telefon kompaniyalariga kim telefon qiladi va ularni maxfiy ma'lumotlarni taqdim etish uchun aldaydi.[3] Keyin u ushbu ma'lumotni sotdi Dunyo yangiliklari, Daily Mirror, Sunday Mirror va Sunday Times.[4] Dunyo yangiliklari yolg'iz Risga yiliga 150 ming funtdan ko'proq pul to'lagan.[5]

Bunga javoban va Ris 1987 yilda sobiq sherigini o'ldirishda ham gumon qilinganligi sababli, Metning korrupsiyaga qarshi guruhi CIB3 Nigeriya operatsiyasini boshqargan. 1999 yil aprelidan sentyabr oyigacha qotillik to'g'risida va maxfiy ma'lumotlarni politsiya va / yoki muxbirlar noqonuniy ravishda qo'lga kiritganligi to'g'risida dalillarni olish uchun Risning agentligi bo'lgan "Southern Investigations" da telefonini tinglash bilan bog'liq edi. Yozib olingan telefon suhbatlari shuni ko'rsatdiki, Aleks Marunchak Dunyo yangiliklari agentlikning doimiy mijozi bo'lgan. Ris ma'lumotni noto'g'ri manbalardan sotib olganligi aniqlandi, ammo Marunchak yoki boshqa jurnalistlar jinoiy huquqbuzarliklar sodir etganligi yoki ular Riz qanday ma'lumotni qo'lga kiritganidan xabardor ekanliklari to'g'risida hech qanday dalillar oshkor bo'lmadi. Ris bir ayolga eri, Rining mijozi, o'z farzandining qaramog'ida bo'lishi uchun ayolga giyohvand moddalarni ekishni rejalashtirayotgani ma'lum bo'lganida, buxgalteriya operatsiyasi tugadi.[6] Nigeriya operatsiyasi paytida ovozlari yozilgan Rilar va boshqalar (shu jumladan Ostin Uornes, Dankan Xanraxan, Martin King, Tom Kingston, Sid Filleri) jinoiy javobgarlikka tortildi va qamoq jazosiga hukm qilindi maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy olish bilan bog'liq bo'lmagan turli xil huquqbuzarliklar uchun.[5]

Ris va yana bir xususiy tergovchi, keyinchalik Janubiy tergovda Rizning sherigiga aylangan Sid Filleri 1987 yilda o'ldirilganlikda gumon qilinmoqda. Daniel Morgan, yana bir xususiy tergovchi va Risni o'ldirish paytida uning sherigi. Morganning oilasi Morgan politsiyadagi korruptsiyani fosh qilish uchun maqola rejalashtirganini da'vo qildi.[7] Qotillik ayblovlarini tergov qilayotgan Met xodimlaridan biri, detektiv bosh nozir Devid Kuk Surrey politsiyasi va Skotlend-Yard tomonidan Sid Fillery-ning kuzatuv maqsadiga aylangan bo'lishi mumkinligi to'g'risida ogohlantirildi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Fillery Aleks Marunchak bilan munosabatlarini tartibga solish uchun ishlatgan Glenn Myulkyer, keyin ish qilish Dunyo yangiliklari, Kukning uy manzilini, Metropoliten politsiyasidagi ichki ish haqi raqamini, tug'ilgan sanasini va u va uning rafiqasi ipoteka uchun to'layotgan mablag'larning raqamlarini olish uchun. Shuningdek, Kukni kuzatishda unga va uning yosh bolalariga jismonan ergashish, uning ovozli pochtasiga va uning xotinining ovozli pochtasiga kirishga urinishlar, shuningdek, kompyuteridan ma'lumotlarni o'g'irlash maqsadida "troyan oti" elektron pochta xabarini yuborishga urinishlar bo'lganligi aytilmoqda. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Skotlend-Yard tasarrufidagi hujjatlar "Myulker buni ko'rsatmalariga binoan qilgan Greg Miskiw, gazetaning muharriri yordamchisi va Marunchakning yaqin do'sti. "Kukning uyi oldida turgan ikkita furgondan birini Met xodimlari to'xtatib qo'yishganda, haydovchi fotomuxbir bo'lib chiqdi. Dunyo yangiliklari. Furgonlar ham gazetaga litsenziyalangan. Xuddi shu hafta davomida, Kukning tashqi pochta qutisida qoldirilgan xatlarni ochishga urinishlar bo'lganligi ko'rinib turibdi, bu "adolat yo'lini buzishga qaratilgan urinish" ni ko'rsatmoqda.[8]

Met agentlarning bu aniq tashabbusini ko'rib chiqdi Dunyo yangiliklari norasmiy muhokamalar orqali qotillik bo'yicha surishtiruvga aralashish Rebeka Bruks, keyin uchun muharriri Dunyo yangiliklari. "Shotland-Yard, Bruks bilan yaqin ish munosabatlarida bo'lgan Dik Fedorcioning, keraksiz ishqalanishni oldini olish istagini aks ettirgan holda, boshqa choralar ko'rmadi. Dunyo yangiliklari."[8] Fedoriko met uchun jamoatchilik va ichki aloqa bo'yicha direktor bo'lgan.

2011 yil iyul oyidan boshlab Kuk va uning rafiqasi ularga qarshi sud ishlarini tayyorlayotganiga ishonishdi Dunyo yangiliklari, Marunchak, Miskiw va Myulker.[8] Marunchak BBC tomonidan ham aniqlangan Dunyo yangiliklari Britaniyaning sobiq razvedka xizmatining kompyuterida troyan o'rnatishni kimdir tashkil qilgan ijrochi, Yan Xerst.

2000 yilda Riz etti yilga ozodlikdan mahrum qilindi va besh yil xizmat qildi. 2005 yilda ozodlikka chiqqandan so'ng, u o'zining shaxsiy tergov faoliyatini davom ettirdi Dunyo yangiliklari, qayerda Andy Coulson O'sha vaqtga qadar Rebeka Bruks muharrir sifatida ish boshladi. Kulson parlamentga bergan va sudda qasamyod qilgan dalillarda, etti yil davomida u yoki uning yuqori qismida o'tkazgan noqonuniy faoliyat haqida hech narsa bilmasligini aytdi. Dunyo yangiliklari.[5]

Nigeriya operatsiyasi natijasida hech kim maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy ravishda olishda ayblanmagan. Ga binoan Nik Devis, uchun muxbir Guardian, Met Xonatan Rizni korruptsiya zobitlari bilan aloqalari va Daniel Morganni o'ldirganligi sababli tergov qilish paytida yuz minglab hujjatlarni to'plagan. Garchi Risga qarshi qotillik ayblovlari 2011 yilda bekor qilingan bo'lsa-da, janob Devisning ishonishicha, ushbu "qutilar" hujjatlarni "noqonuniy yangiliklar to'plashning portlovchi yangi dalillarini o'z ichiga olishi mumkin". Dunyo yangiliklari va boshqa hujjatlar ".[9][10]

Operatsiya Glade (2003)

Bir necha yillar davomida Risdan tashqari xususiy tergovchilar noqonuniy ravishda olingan maxfiy ma'lumotlarning savdosi bilan shug'ullanishgan.[11] John Boyall agentligining Liberty Resources & Intelligent Research Limited ixtisosligi maxfiy ma'lumotlar bazalaridan ma'lumotlarni olish edi. Boyallning yordamchisi edi Glenn Myulkyer 2001 yil kuzigacha, qachon Dunyo yangiliklari muharrir yordamchisi, Greg Miskiw, Mulkerni gazetada ishlash uchun to'la vaqtli shartnoma berish orqali o'ziga jalb qildi.[5]

Boyall oxir-oqibat e'tiborini tortdi Axborot komissari idorasi (ICO) bu politsiya tashkiloti emas, balki "jamoat manfaatlari uchun axborot huquqlarini himoya qilish, davlat organlari tomonidan ochiqligini va shaxslar uchun ma'lumotlarning maxfiyligini ta'minlashga yordam berish" vakolatiga ega bo'lgan mustaqil hokimiyatdir.[12]

Devon & Cornwall politsiyasining yordami bilan ICO 2002 yil noyabr oyida Boyallning binolariga bostirib kirdi.[13] U erda olib qo'yilgan hujjatlar ICO-ni yana bir xususiy tergovchi Stiv Uittamorga olib bordi, u rafiqasi bilan JJ information Limited kompaniyasini boshqargan. 2003 yil mart oyida Uittamorning binolari keyinchalik o'sha paytdagi nomini olgan tintuv o'tkazildi Motorman operatsiyasi.[14] Ushbu reyd hujjatlarida maxfiy ma'lumotlar telefon kompaniyalari, Haydash va transport vositalarini litsenziyalash agentligi (DVLA) va Politsiya milliy kompyuteridan noqonuniy ravishda olinganligi aniqlandi.[13] Ma'lum qilinishicha, "ommaviy axborot vositalari, ayniqsa gazetalar, sug'urta kompaniyalari va kengash soliq qarzlarini ta'qib qilayotgan mahalliy hokimiyat idoralari savdo agentligida savdo daftarida paydo bo'ladi".[13] Narxlar aniq belgilangan edi: "Ex-katalogdagi telefon raqamlari Xempshirdagi tergovchi 40 funt sterlingni tashkil qildi va u ularni 70 funtga sotdi. Avtoulovni tekshirish narxi 70 funt sterlingni tashkil etdi, mijozlar esa 150 funt sterlingdan haq olishdi. Va hokazo."[13]

2006 yil may oyida ICO "Qaysi narxlarning maxfiyligi?" Nomli hisobot chiqardi. Keyinchalik, ular ostida so'rov qabul qilindi Axborot erkinligi to'g'risidagi qonun "305 nafar jurnalist ish bilan ta'minlangan nashrlar va ularning faoliyati buzilganligi to'g'risida qo'shimcha ma'lumot olish uchun." So'rov beruvchiga ba'zi ma'lumotlar berildi va 2006 yil dekabr oyida ICO tomonidan "Hozir narxlarning shaxsiy hayoti qanday?" Deb nomlangan keyingi hisobot chiqarildi.[15]"Biroq, Motorman Operatsiyasi orqali olingan ma'lumotlarning aksariyati hech qachon jamoatchilikka oshkor qilinmagan. Yaqinda 2011 yil sentyabr oyida ICO ma'lumotni boshqasi ostida tarqatishdan bosh tortdi. Axborot erkinligi to'g'risidagi qonun so'rov.[16]

Ko'p odamlar maxfiy ma'lumotlarning noqonuniy savdosi bilan shug'ullangan. Londonning Tooting politsiyasida joylashgan sobiq fuqarolik aloqalari xodimi Pol Marshall, nafaqadagi politsiya xodimi Alan Kingga politsiya ma'lumotlarini maxfiy ravishda taqdim etgan, ular Boyallga o'tqazgan, Uitamorga bergan, u esa o'z navbatida uni agentlariga sotgan. yangiliklar media tashkilotlari.[5][17][18] Uittamorning axborot yig'uvchilar tarmog'i unga telefon kompaniyalari, banklar, pochta aloqasi shoxobchalari, mehmonxonalar, teatrlar va qamoqxonalardagi maxfiy yozuvlardan foydalanish huquqini berdi, shu jumladan. BT guruhi, Crédit Lyonnais, Goldman Sachs, Sang bankini osib qo'ying, Glen Parva qamoqxonasi va Stoken qamoqxonasi.[14] "

Garchi ko'plab odamlarning noqonuniy faoliyat bilan shug'ullanganligi to'g'risida dalillar mavjud bo'lsa-da, nisbatan kamligi so'roq qilingan. "Motorman" operatsiyasining etakchi tergovchisi 2006 yildagi surishtiruvda "uning jamoasiga aralashgan jurnalistlardan intervyu olmasliklari aytilgan. Tergovchi ... rasmiylarni jurnalistlar bilan kurashish uchun" qo'rqib ketgan "likda ayblagan "deb aytgan.[19]

Axborot komissari Uittamor politsiya milliy kompyuteridan ma'lumot olayotganini bilib, keyin boshliq bo'lgan Metropolitan Politsiyasiga murojaat qildi. Komissar Yan Bler bilan Komissar o'rinbosari Ser Pol Stivenson buyruq bo'yicha ikkinchi. Bunga javoban Metning korruptsiyaga qarshi kurash bo'limi tashabbus ko'rsatdi Glade operatsiyasi.[5]

Uittamor o'z mijozlari bilan tuzgan bitimlari, shu jumladan Dunyo yangiliklari. "U o'z ishini buyurtma qilayotgan 27 xil jurnalistni aniqladi - qog'ozdagi yangiliklar va badiiy yozuvchilarning yarmidan ko'pi, o'n ming funt sterling sarflagan. Dunyo yangiliklari Greg Miskiw yolg'iz 90 ta so'rov yuborgani qayd etildi. "[5] Hisob-kitoblar taqdim etildi Xalqaro yangiliklar egalik qilgan Dunyo yangiliklari, "ba'zan telefon raqamidan yoki transport vositasini ro'yxatdan o'tkazgandan maqsad tafsilotlarini olish to'g'risida aniq ma'lumot bergan."[14] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Miskiw Met tomonidan politsiya kompyuteridan ma'lumot olish uchun Boyallga naqd pul to'laganligi to'g'risida so'roq qilingan, ammo ayblovlar olinmagan.[14]

2004 yil fevral va 2005 yil aprel oylari orasida Crown Prokuratura xizmati, keyin boshchiligida DPP Ken Makdonald, xususiy detektiv agentliklarda ishlaydigan o'n kishini maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy olish bilan bog'liq jinoyatlarda aybladi.[5][17][18][20] Hech qanday jurnalist ayblanmadi.[20] Whittamore, Boyall, King va Marshall 2005 yil aprel oyida o'z ayblarini tan olishdi. ICO rahbarining so'zlariga ko'ra Richard Tomas, "ularning har biri o'z ayblarini tan oldi, ammo ularning jinoiylik darajasi va chastotasiga qaramay, har biri shartli ravishda ozod qilindi [ikki yilga], bu davlat siyosati uchun muhim savollarni tug'dirdi."[5][13] Keyingi yil Jon Ganning British Telecom ma'lumotlar bazasidan xususiy abonent ma'lumotlarini olishda aybdor deb topildi.[5][20]

Ga binoan Nik Devis ning Guardian, noqonuniy sotib olish boy va qudratli kishilar bilan cheklanmagan va prokuratura etarli bo'lmagan.[14]}}

2003 yilda Stiven Uittamorning uyidan olib qo'yilgan hujjatlarga "gazeta va jurnallardan maxfiy ma'lumot olish uchun 13000 dan ortiq so'rovlar" kiritilgan.[5][21] Buning muhim qismi politsiya tomonidan boshqa shaxslarga qarshi potentsial dalil sifatida baholanganligi to'g'risida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q. Janob Adliya Jefri Vos siyosatchi tomonidan olib borilgan telefon xakerlik da'vosiga javoban ushbu materialni oshkor qilishni buyurgan 2011 yil fevraligacha emas edi. Jorj Galloway, olib qo'yilgan materialning har qanday muhim chiqarilishi amalga oshirilganligi.[22]

Qirollik uyi / Goodman so'rovi (2006)

2005 yil noyabr oyida, aybdor deb topilgan bir necha oy ichida Glade operatsiyasi, Metropolitan Politsiya xizmati qirol xonadoni a'zolarining telefon ovozli xabarlari bilan bog'liq qoidabuzarliklar to'g'risida xabardor qilingan. 2006 yil yanvarga kelib, Skotlend-Yard bu borada "aniq yo'l" borligini aniqladi Kliv Gudman, Dunyo yangiliklari qirollik muxbiri va Glenn Myulkyer, qog'oz bilan ishlash uchun shartnoma tuzilgan xususiy tergovchi. "Bitta qirol yordamchisining ovozli pochtasiga 433 marta murojaat qilingan.[23]

Metning terrorizmga qarshi guruhi, keyinchalik komissar yordamchisi boshchiligida Endi Xeyman, qirol oilasining xavfsizligi uchun javobgar bo'lgan va tergovni o'tkazish uchun ayblangan.[24] Boshqa ustuvor talablar, shu jumladan 2005 yil London tranzit bombardimonlarini kuzatish va ehtimoliy bomba tashuvchilarni kuzatish operatsiyalari tufayli resurslarni ushbu sa'y-harakatlarga yo'naltirishdan xavotir bor edi.[23]

2006 yil 8-avgustda Metning detektivlari bordi Dunyo yangiliklari Kliv Gudmanning ish stolini qidirish uchun qidiruv orderi bilan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, ular gazeta qabulxonasida rahbarlar va huquqshunoslar tomonidan ikki muhabbat muxbir hujjatlarni axlat qutilariga solib, olib tashlaganlarida, ular tahririyatni tintuv qilishda qarshilik ko'rsatgan. Bu sodir bo'lganidek, detektivlar qidiruvni Goodmanning ish stoli bilan cheklashdi.[23]

Shu bilan birga, politsiya Glenn Myulkerning uyiga bostirib kirib, "telefonlari buzilgan bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan 4000 ga yaqin taniqli shaxslar, siyosatchilar, sport yulduzlari, politsiyachilar va jinoyatlar qurbonlari bo'lgan 11000 sahifa qo'lda yozilgan yozuvlarni" hibsga oldi.[25][26] Ismlarga qirol oilasining sakkiz a'zosi va ularning xodimlari kiritilgan.[26] Bu erda "978 ta to'liq yoki qisman mobil telefon raqamlari va 91 ta PIN-kodlar mavjud bo'lgan o'nlab daftarlar va ikkita kompyuter," News of the World "ning boshqa jurnalistlarining kamida uchta nomi va Mulcaire tomonidan yozilgan 30 ta lenta bor edi.[23] Har bir hujjat sahifasining yuqori chap burchagida Mulker yordam berayotgan muxbir yoki muharrirning ismi bor edi.[26] Shuningdek, Mulcaire-ning jurnalistga shaxsiy ovozli pochtasini qanday qilib buzib kirishni o'rgatganligi, xususan telefonning shaxsiy hayoti uchun sozlamalari o'zgartirilmagan bo'lsa, yozib olindi.[26]

Yozuvlarda, shuningdek, Professional Futbol Assotsiatsiyasi o'rtasidagi ovozli pochta xabarlari transkriptlari mavjud Gordon Teylor va uning yuridik maslahatchisi Jo Anderson. Ushbu hujjat "Nevill uchun transkript" deb nomlangan va u ilgari surilgan Nevil Thurlbek, uchun yana bir muxbir Dunyo yangiliklari. Elektron pochta xabarida ovozli pochta xabarlarini noqonuniy ushlashdan foydalanilganligi ko'rsatilgan Dunyo yangiliklari faqat Kliv Gudmandan ko'proq. Keyin uchrashgan detektivlar Thurlbeck yoki boshqasini so'roq qilishmadi Dunyo yangiliklari ularning tergov qismi sifatida jurnalist yoki rahbar.[27][28][29] Bu qisman Metning matbuot bilan aloqasi tufayli bo'lishi mumkin.[23]}}

Met Xeyman tomonidan olib borilgan tekshiruvlar qirollik uyidagi qurbonlar va Mulker reydida olingan qisqa "nishonlar ro'yxati" dagi boshqa bir necha qurbonlarga bag'ishlangan.[26] Xeyman "ingliz jamiyatlari katalogi kabi o'qiladigan" 8 dan 10 betgacha bo'lgan, bitta intervalli uzunroq ro'yxatni ko'rgan, ammo unga amal qilmagan.[23] Myulkerning ayblov xulosasiga kiritilgan yana besh jabrlanuvchiga shaxsiy hayotning buzilishi to'g'risida xabar berilgan. Bundan tashqari, qurbon bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan minglab odamlardan Met, hukumat a'zolari, politsiya, harbiylar yoki boshqa milliy xavfsizlikka tegishli bo'lganlarni xabardor qilishga qaror qildi. Siyosatchi Jorj Galloway tergovchi tomonidan 2006 yil 24 avgustda ovozli pochtasi buzilganligi to'g'risida xabardor qilingan va qayta paydo bo'lishining oldini olish uchun PIN-kodini o'zgartirishni maslahat bergan. Galloway uning telefon xabarlariga kim kirganini so'radi, lekin tergovchi unga aytishdan bosh tortdi.[23]

Xeymanning tergovi, shuningdek, Gudman va Myulker faoliyati bilan bog'liq bo'lgan.[26] Yo'q Dunyo yangiliklari ga qadar Gudmandan tashqari rahbarlar yoki muxbirlar telefonni buzish to'g'risida so'roq qilishdi Weeting operatsiyasi to'rt yildan ko'proq vaqt o'tgach boshlandi.[30]

Rasmiylar bilan maslahatlashdilar Crown Prokuratura xizmati (CPS) boshchiligidagi Davlat ayblovlari bo'yicha direktor (DPP) Ken Makdonald tergov va ayblovni davom ettirishning eng yaxshi umumiy usuli haqida. Met hozirda yuqori darajadagi CPS prokurorlariga mavjud bo'lgan barcha dalillarni oshkor qilmadi, Xabarlarga ko'ra, Kliv Gudmandan tashqari jurnalistlar Myulker xizmatlaridan foydalangan ko'rinadi.[23] Dastlab Met "tergovni cheklash uchun Metga ba'zi asoslarni taqdim etgan ko'rinadi, dastlab" telefonni buzish faqat xabarlarni ular qabul qiluvchisi tinglashdan oldin tinglangan bo'lsa, jinoyat hisoblanadi ".[31] Darhaqiqat, xakerlik, 1990 yildagi Kompyuterni suiiste'mol qilish to'g'risidagi qonunga binoan, xabarlarni o'zlarining qabul qiluvchilari tomonidan tinglangan yoki tinglanmaganligidan qat'i nazar, 2000 yilgi Tergov vakolatlari to'g'risidagi qonunga binoan noqonuniy bo'lmagan. CPS tomonidan Metga berilgan ko'rsatmaning aniq xususiyati ular o'rtasida 2011 yilda jamoatchilik o'rtasida kelishmovchilik mavzusiga aylandi, shu vaqt ichida, boshqa narsalar qatorida, Gudman va Myulkairga qo'yilgan ayblovlar tarkibida hech qanday dalillar mavjud bo'lmagan sonlar kiritilganligini ta'kidladilar. xabarlar allaqachon eshitilganmi yoki yo'qmi haqida.[32]

Gudman va Myulker 2006 yil avgustida hibsga olingan.[33][34] Ularning sud jarayonlari davomida Mulkerning telefon orqali buzilishining boshqa oz sonli qurbonlari, shu jumladan Osmon Endryu, Maks Klifford, Simon Xyuz, Elle Makferson va Gordon Teylor.[35] 2006 yil 29-noyabrda Goodman va Mulcaire qirolning uchta yordamchisiga nisbatan qonuniy vakolatsiz aloqalarni to'xtatish uchun fitna uyushtirishda aybdor deb topdilar. Metropoliten politsiyasining ishi qirol yordamchilariga qarshi jinoyatlar sodir etilgan kundan boshlab 12 oy ichida aybdor deb topilishiga olib keldi. Biroq, sud guvohnomalaridan ko'rinib turibdiki, Myulker kamida beshta boshqa telefonni buzib kirgan va u shunchaki Gudmandan tashqari ko'proq ishlagan.[23][35]

Xabarlarga ko'ra, Gudman va Myulker hibsga olinganidan keyin "katta politsiyachi" maslahat bergan Rebeka Bruks Myulkerdan olib qo'yilgan hujjatlarda kuchli daliliy dalillar mavjud edi Dunyo yangiliklari telefonni buzishda Gudmandan tashqari jurnalistlar ham ishtirok etgan. 2006 yil kuzining boshida, Tom Kron, yuridik menejer Xalqaro yangiliklar, boshqa bir qancha rahbarlar bilan, shu jumladan, keyin ham bog'langani xabar qilingan Dunyo yangiliklari muharriri Andy Coulson, Metning Bruksga aytganlari to'g'risida ularni xabardor qilish.[34] Kulson noqonuniy faoliyat uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olgan holda iste'foga chiqdi, ammo bu haqda bilishni rad etdi.[5]

Mulcaire reydi paytida olingan hujjatlar 2010 yilning kuzigacha deyarli baholanmagan bo'lib qoldi. Hech kim yo'q Dunyo yangiliklari Gudmandan tashqari, Met 2011 yil martigacha so'roq qilgan.[30] Shunga qaramay, "Skotlend-Yardning yuqori lavozimli rasmiylari parlamentni, sudyalarni, advokatlarni, potentsial xakerlik qurbonlarini, ommaviy axborot vositalarini va jamoatchilikni tabloid tomonidan keng tarqalgan xakerlik dalillari yo'qligiga ishontirishdi". Ga binoan The New York Times, "Politsiya agentligi va News International ... shu qadar bir-biriga bog'lanib ketdiki, ular tergovni o'tkazish maqsadini o'rtoqlashishdi.[30][36]

Meri Ellen Fild yuqori maoshli maslahatchi edi Elle Makferson.[37][38] Makferson haqidagi maxfiy ma'lumotlar paydo bo'la boshlaganda Makferson Fildni aybladi Dunyo yangiliklari va uni ishdan bo'shatdi. Keyin Glenn Myulkyer Makfersonning telefonini buzib tashlaganligini tan olgan va hibsga olingan va qamoqqa olingan Fild politsiyaga uni oqlashga yordam beradigan ma'lumotlarni so'ragan. Hech kim javob bermadi.[39]

Yatesning dalillarni ko'rib chiqishi (2009)

2009 yil 8-iyulda, Guardian jurnalist tomonidan yozilgan uchta maqola chop etildi Nik Devis va Vikram Dodd:

  1. "Merdok qog'ozlari telefonni buzish qurbonlariga 1 million funt to'lagan"[40]
  2. "Tory PR rahbarining burun ostidagi xakerlik va aldov izlari."[41]
  3. "Eks-Merdok muharriri Endryu Nil: Dunyo yangiliklari bizning zamonamizning eng muhim ommaviy axborot vositalaridan birini ochib berdi."[42]

Maqolalar da'vo qilingan:

  • Rupert Merdoknikidir Yangiliklar guruhi gazetalari (NGN) xakerlik qurbonlari bilan yirik aholi punktlariga, shu jumladan Gordon Teylor. Ushbu shaharchalarda Metropoliten Politsiya xizmati tomonidan NGN jurnalistlari bir necha marotaba hikoyalar olish uchun jinoiy usullardan foydalanganlik haqidagi dalillarni jamoatchilikka etkazishni oldini olish uchun qonunga xilof qoidalar kiritilgan. "Keyin News Group sudga Teylor ishi bo'yicha faylni muhrlashga ishontirdi, garchi unda jinoiy faoliyatning prima facie dalillari bo'lsa ham."[40] Ushbu dalillarga reydlar davomida olingan hujjatlar kiritilgan Axborot komissari boshqarmasi va Met tomonidan.[41]
  • Agar bostirilgan dalillar jamoatchilikka aylansa, NGNning yuzlab telefon xakerlik qurbonlari NGN gazetalariga qarshi qonuniy choralar ko'rishlari mumkin, shu jumladan Dunyo yangiliklari va Quyosh. Bu, shuningdek, politsiya muxbirlari va gazetalarning yuqori lavozimli rahbarlari haqidagi so'rovlarini qo'zg'atishi mumkin.[40]
  • Qachon Andy Coulson, keyin Bosh vazirning bosh matbuot maslahatchisi Devid Kemeron, muharriri va o'rinbosari bo'lgan Dunyo yangiliklari, jurnalistlar u erda noqonuniy xatti-harakatlarni ko'rsatadigan ushbu ish uchun hisob-fakturalarni to'lab, noqonuniy telefon buzilishidan foydalangan shaxsiy tergovchilarni ochiq jalb qilishdi.[41][42]}}
  • Nil ham hamma shunday dedi Dunyo yangiliklari nima bo'layotganini, telefonni buzish uchun jamoat manfaatlari himoyasi mavjud emasligini va ishning qanday olib borilishi Metropolitan Politsiyasi, Valiahd prokuraturasi va sud haqida jiddiy savollar tug'dirishini "fitna dalillariga duch kelganligini bilar edi. va tizimli noqonuniy harakatlar, ... dalillarni muhrlashga kelishib oldilar. "[42]
  • Met minglab mobil telefonlar agentlari tomonidan buzilganligi to'g'risida dalillarga ega edi Dunyo yangiliklarishu jumladan har uch partiyadan parlament a'zolari va shu jumladan kabinet vazirlari.[40]
  • Metropoliten politsiyasi telefonlari nishonga olingan jamoat arboblarini va Crown Prokuratura xizmati News Group rahbarlarini javobgarlikka tortmaslikka qaror qildi.[41]
  • Boshqaruvchilarning bayonotlari parlamentning tanlangan qo'mitasi, Matbuot shikoyatlari bo'yicha komissiyasi va jamoatchilikni o'zlarining gazetasi tomonidan maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy ravishda qo'lga kiritganligi to'g'risida adashtirdi.[40]

O'sha kuni, Metropolitan politsiya xizmati Komissar Ser Pol Stivenson - deb so'radi Komissar yordamchisi Jon Yeyts ushbu da'volarni inobatga olgan holda uni qayta ochish kerakmi yoki yo'qligini bilish uchun telefonni buzishga yangi qarash. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Yeyts sakkiz soat ichida katta detektivlar va valiahd prokuraturasi advokatlari bilan maslahatlashib, sudlanishga olib keladigan yangi materiallar yo'q degan xulosaga kelishgan.[43] Uning tekshiruvida 1999-2006 yillar oralig'idagi reydlar paytida olingan minglab sahifalar mavjud dalillarning mumkin bo'lgan ma'lumotlarini tekshirishni o'z ichiga olmaydi.[44]

2009 yil sentyabr oyida Yeyts o'z xulosalarini jamoalarga xabar qildi Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi boshqa birovni hibsga olish yoki hattoki u bilan suhbatlashish uchun dalillar etarli emasligini va qo'shimcha dalillar keltirilmaganligini aytdi.[28] Birinchi surishtiruvni ko'rib chiqib, u potentsial qurbonlarning soni bir necha, faqat yuzlab, minglab odamlar bor degan xulosaga keldi.[25][45] Yeyts yangi ko'rinish paytida "Nevil uchun transkript" elektron pochtasidan xabardor bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, u intervyu berishga arziydi deb o'ylamadi Nevil Thurlbek. Bundan tashqari, Yeyts boshqa jurnalistlar bilan intervyu olish maqsadga muvofiq bo'lishiga ishonmadi Dunyo yangiliklari bu Glenn Myulkyer jabrlanganlarning ishlarini 2006 yilda ta'qib qilingan sakkiz kishidan tashqari ishlagan yoki ko'rib chiqqan bo'lishi mumkin.[45][46]

Oxir-oqibat, taniqli shaxslar va siyosatchilardan xakerlik qurbonlari bo'ldingizmi, degan savollar kelib tushishda davom etar ekan, Yeyts uch yil davomida axlat qutilarida saqlanib kelingan Mulcaire reydidagi dalillarni kompyuterlar bazasiga kiritishni buyurdi. O'n kishiga ushbu vazifa topshirildi. Yeytsning o'zi keyinroq aytilgan dalillarga qaramadi: “Men pastga tushib, axlat qutilariga qaramayman. Men komissar yordamchisi bo'lishim kerak edi. "[44] U tergovni qayta ochmadi.

Weeting operatsiyasi (2011): ovozli pochtani ushlab qolish

Buni bilgan ozgina odamlarning ba'zilari ularning ovozli pochta xabarlar ushlangan Glenn Myulkyer uchun Dunyo yangiliklari mulker va gazetaga qarshi qonuniy ish qo'zg'atdi. Ushbu da'volarni ko'rib chiqish jarayoni va natijada sud tomonidan sud tomonidan e'lon qilingan dalillar jamoatchilik tomonidan tan olingan Guardian va boshqa gazetalar ushbu voqeani jamoatchilik e'tiborida saqlab qolishdi.

2005 yilda Professional Futbolchilar Uyushmasining advokati Mark Lyuis bunga shubha qildi Dunyo yangiliklari taklif qilingan voqea haqida ma'lumot olish uchun buzilgan telefonlar Gordon Teylor.[47] Uning e'tiqodlari 2007 yil oxirlarida Myulkair sud protsessida tasdiqlangan bo'lib, unda Myuller o'z aybini tan oldi va Teylordan va boshqa etti kishidan ovozli xabarlariga kirish uchun uzr so'radi. Lyuis sudga berdi Dunyo yangiliklari Teylor nomidan va tegishli hujjatlarni olish uchun sudga ariza topshirdi. Natijada, 2008 yil 27-iyun kuni sud Metropoliten politsiyasida Mulker va Stiv Uittamorga qilingan reydlarda olingan hujjatlarni Lyuisga topshirishni buyurdi. Ushbu hujjatlardan biri "Nevill uchun transkript" elektron pochtasi edi. 24 soat ichida, Dunyo yangiliklari kelishuv muhokamalarini boshladi.[23] Teylor 700 ming funt oldi va Lyuis telefonni buzish uchun gazetadan kelishuvni qo'lga kiritgan birinchi advokat bo'ldi.[47]

Bu haqda xabar berilgunga qadar kelishuv sir bo'lib qoldi Guardian 2009 yil 8 iyulda telefonlarni buzish bilan bog'liq uchta maqoladan birida o'sha kuni chop etilgan.[40] Bir necha kundan keyin, Maks Klifford, 2006 yilda Myulkerga qo'yilgan ayblov xulosasida ko'rsatilgan sakkiz nafar jabrlanuvchidan yana biri sudga murojaat qilish niyatini e'lon qildi. 2010 yil mart oyida, Xalqaro yangiliklar uning kostyumini 1 000 000 funt evaziga to'lashga rozi bo'ldi.[48] Ushbu mukofotlar boshqa ehtimoliy qurbonlarni va ularning advokatlarini imkoniyatlarni o'rganishga undaydi, natijada Metropoliten Politsiyasiga ularning ismlari Myulkaire ro'yxatida bor-yo'qligi to'g'risida tobora ko'proq savollar paydo bo'ldi. Metdan javob olish qiyin edi. Klifford vakili bo'lgan advokat Sharlotta Xarris Metropoliten Politsiyasiga boshqa mijozlar haqida yozgan, Lesli Ash va uning eri Li Chapman, "ular ham buzilganmi yoki yo'qligini so'rashmoqda. Politsiya javob berish uchun uch oy vaqt talab qildi."[49]

2009 yil 3-iyulda, biroz oldin Guardian maqolalar chop etildi, Styuart Kuttner iste'foga chiqdi Dunyo yangiliklari. U muharrirni boshqargan.[50]

Umumiy Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi telefonni buzish bo'yicha tinglovlarni 2007 yil mart oyida, Gudman va Myulker qamoqqa yuborilganidan ko'p o'tmay boshlagan. Ushbu tinglovlar birozdan keyin 2009 yil iyul oyida yangilandi Guardianniki uchta maqola chop etildi. Politsiya va bir necha kishidan guvohlik olganidan keyin Xalqaro yangiliklar vakillari, Qo'mita o'z xulosalarini 2010 yil fevral oyida e'lon qildi. Qo'mita politsiyani "kengroq tergovga asos beradigan dalillarni" qo'llamaganligi uchun tanqid qildi va tanqid qildi Xalqaro yangiliklar rahbarlari uchun “jamoaviy amneziya.”[23] Eshituvlar politsiyaning qayta tergov qilinishiga olib kelmadi, Skotlend-Yardda Myulker va Gudmendan nariga o'tishga ishtiyoq yo'q edi.[23]}}

2010 yil 1 sentyabrda, The New York Times tomonidan yozilgan katta maqolasini chop etdi Don Van Natta kichik., Jo Beker va Grem Bouli Qo'mitaning tashvishlarini takrorlaydilar va avvalgi ko'rsatmalarga zid keladi Dunyo yangiliklari muharriri Andy Coulson unda u telefonni buzish haqida bilmasligini da'vo qildi. Boshqa narsalar qatori, maqolada ta'kidlangan:

  • Met ko'rsatilgan ko'rsatkichlarga amal qila olmadi Dunyo yangiliklari hikoyalarga yo'l ochish uchun muntazam ravishda telefonni buzish.
  • Metning bir nechta tergovchilari Met "News of the World bilan yaqin aloqada bo'lganligi sababli qisman kengroq surishtiruv o'tkazishni istamasligini" aytishdi.
  • Sobiq muharrir Andy Coulson, keyinchalik kim uchun aloqa direktori bo'lgan Bosh Vazir Devid Kemeron, telefonining buzilishi uning gazetasi jurnalistlari tomonidan ishlatilganligini va hatto uni rag'batlantirganligini to'liq anglab etgan edi.[23]}}

2010 yil 15 dekabrda, Guardian tomonidan yozilgan maqola chop etildi Nik Devis xususiy tergovchining uyidan olib qo'yilgan hujjatlarni oshkor qilish Glenn Myulkyer tomonidan Metropolitan politsiya xizmati 2006 yilda va sud qarori bilan jamoatchilikka yaqinda taqdim etilgan, buni nazarda tutgan Dunyo yangiliklari muharriri Yan Edmondson Mulcaire-ga ovozli xabarlarni tinglashni buyurdi Sienna Miller, Yahudo qonuni, va boshqalar. Hujjatlarda, shuningdek, Myulkyerning boshqalar tomonidan shug'ullanganligi nazarda tutilgan Dunyo yangiliklarishu jumladan bosh muxbir Nevil Thurlbek va muharrir yordamchisi Greg Miskiw, keyin to'g'ridan-to'g'ri muharrirda ishlagan Andy Coulson. Bu ko'rsatmalarga zid edi Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi gazetalar rahbarlari va Metning yuqori lavozimli mulozimlari tomonidan Myulkerning o'zi harakat qilganligi va u va undan tashqari bitta "yolg'onchi muxbir" dan boshqa xakerlik xujjatlari yo'qligi, ya'ni Kliv Gudman. Ushbu maqola paydo bo'lganidan keyin besh hafta ichida, Yan Edmundson to'xtatildi Dunyo yangiliklari,[51] Andy Coulson Devid Kemeronning bosh matbuot kotibi lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi,[52][53] The Crown Prokuratura xizmati dalillarni ko'rib chiqishni boshladi,[54] va Met telefonni buzish bo'yicha tekshiruvini qayta tikladi, bu narsa 2007 yildan buyon buni amalga oshirishdan bosh tortgan edi.[55]

Yangilangan Met tergovi sarlavhasi berilgan Weeting operatsiyasi va 2011 yil 26-yanvarda boshlangan. Metropoliten politsiyasi komissari yordamchisining o'rinbosari Syu Akers boshchiligida bo'lib, ovozli pochtani noqonuniy ushlashga qaratilgan edi. 45 dan 60 gacha zobitlar 2006 yilning avgustida Mulkairdan olingan 11000 sahifa dalillarni ko'rib chiqa boshladilar.[56][57] Aprel oyining o'rtalariga kelib, Thurlbeck, Edmondson va Jeyms Weatherup, katta Dunyo yangiliklari jurnalist hibsga olingan edi.

2011 yil may oyida, News International's advokatlik firmasi, Hickman & Rose, yollangan sobiq Davlat ayblovlari bo'yicha direktor Ken Makdonald gazeta rahbarlari o'zlarining da'volariga asos bo'lib foydalangan elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqish uchun hech kim Dunyo yangiliklari lekin Kliv Gudman telefonni buzish bilan shug'ullangan. Makdonald zudlik bilan jinoiy harakatlar, shu jumladan politsiyachilarga xizmat ko'rsatgan xodimlar uchun to'lovlar to'g'risida dalil bor degan xulosaga keldi. (Qarang: muhokama Elveden operatsiyasi, quyida.)

2011 yil 4-iyul kuni, Guardian tomonidan yozilgan maqola chop etildi Nik Devis va Amelia Hill "Missing Milly Dowler-ning ovozli pochtasi News of World tomonidan buzilgan" deb nomlangan.[58] Ushbu maqolada ovozli pochta xabarlari ochilgan Milly Dowler telefoni 2002 yilda agenti tomonidan buzilgan edi Dunyo yangiliklari hikoya qidirmoq[59] Ushbu oshkora jamoatchilik fikrini qo'zg'atdi va reklama reklama yo'qolishiga olib keldi Dunyo yangiliklari va keyinchalik 168 yillik gazetaning yopilishi. Ikki hafta ichida katta Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi rahbarlar iste'foga chiqdilar, shu jumladan Les Xinton, bosh ijrochi direktori Dow Jones & Company,[60] Rebeka Bruks, bosh ijrochi direktori Xalqaro yangiliklar,[61] Tom Kron, yuridik menejeri Xalqaro yangiliklar,[62] va Lourens Jeykobs,[63] uchun umumiy maslahat Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi. Shuningdek, ikki hafta ichida Metropolitan politsiya xizmati iste'foga chiqdi, ya'ni komissar Pol Stivenson[64] va Komissar yordamchisi Jon Yeyts.[65][66]

Yangi uchrashuv komissari, Bernard Xogan-Xou, tashqi politsiya guruhidan so'rab g'ayrioddiy qadamni qo'ydi Durham konstabulary Operatsion Weeting ishini ko'rib chiqish uchun Jon Stoddart boshchiligida.[67]

2011 yil 4 iyuldan sentyabr oyi boshigacha o'nga yaqin kishi, asosan muharrir va jurnalistlar bir vaqtning o'zida ishlagan Dunyo yangiliklari, maxfiy ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy olish bilan birgalikda hibsga olingan. Bularga kiritilgan Rebeka Bruks,[68] Andy Coulson,[69] Nil Uollis,[70] Styuart Kuttner,[71] Greg Miskiw,[5][72] Jeyms Desboro,[73] Dan Evans,[74] Ross Xoll,[75][76] va The Times muharriri o'rinbosari Raul Simons.[77][78]

2011 yil 22 sentyabrda, Mustaqil Jeyms Kusik va Cahal Milmo tomonidan yozilgan maqolada, hibsga olinganidan bir necha hafta o'tgach, Kliv Gudman va Glenn Myulkyer 2006 yil avgustida "katta politsiyachi" maslahat berdi Rebeka Bruks Myulkerdan olib qo'yilgan hujjatlarda jiddiy "dalillar" mavjud edi Dunyo yangiliklari telefonni buzishda Gudmandan tashqari jurnalistlar ham ishtirok etgan. Shuningdek, 2006 yil kuzining boshlarida, Tom Kron, yuridik menejer Xalqaro yangiliklar, boshqa bir qancha rahbarlar bilan, shu jumladan, keyinroq bog'langan Dunyo yangiliklari muharriri Andy Coulson, Metning Bruksga aytganlari to'g'risida ularni xabardor qilish. News International rahbarlari, shu jumladan Kron, bunday dalillardan deyarli ikki yil o'tib, 2008 yil may oyida Gordon Teylorning da'vosi bilan birgalikda "Nevill uchun transkript" nusxasini olganiga qadar bilmaganliklarini ta'kidladilar.[34]

2012 yil 15-may kuni Crown Prokuratura xizmati (CPS) olti kishini aybladi adolatni buzishga qaratilgan fitna bilan.[79] Hujjatlar va kompyuterlarni tergov detektivlaridan yashirish uchun ularni olib tashlash bo'yicha ayblov ilgari News International kompaniyasining bosh direktori bo'lgan Rebeka Bruks, eri, uning shaxsiy yordamchisi, tansoqchisi, haydovchisi va News International xavfsizlik xizmati rahbari. Ushbu ayblovlar haqida qilingan 1 yil Metropoliten Politsiya xizmati telefonni buzish bo'yicha tergovni qayta boshlaganidan so'ng,[80] haqida 3 yil keyin Metropolitan Politsiya xizmati komissarining yordamchisi Commons-ga aytgandan keyin Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi "qo'shimcha dalillar oshkor bo'lmadi", deb[28] 5 yil keyin Xalqaro yangiliklar ma'murlar telefonni buzish bitta "yolg'onchi muxbirning ishi" deb da'vo qila boshladilar,[81] 10 yil keyin Guardian Metda maxfiy ma'lumotlarni keng tarqalgan noqonuniy ravishda olish dalillari borligi haqida xabar berishni boshladi,[82] va 13 yil Met ushbu dalillarni "qutilarini" to'plashni boshlaganidan keyin, ularni Skotland-Yarddagi axlat qutilarida tekshirmasdan saqlagan.[9]

2012 yil 24 iyulda, sakkiz sobiq ishchi yoki agentga qarshi ayblovlar qo'yildi ning Dunyo yangiliklari shu jumladan bosh muharrirlar Rebeka Bruks va Andy Coulson. Sakkiztasi ham aniq shaxslarga tegishli bo'lgan xabarlarni noqonuniy ushlashda ayblangan[83][84]

Operatsiyalar Tuleta (2011): kompyuterni buzish

Keyin Jonatan Ris 2005 yilda qamoqdan ozod qilingan, u shaxsiy tergov ishini davom ettirgan Dunyo yangiliklari, keyin rahbarligi ostida Andy Coulson.[5] Risni Daniel Morganni o'ldirish bo'yicha olib borilayotgan tergov doirasida olib borilgan hujjatlarga 2006 yil 5 iyuldagi faksdan olingan Yan Xerstniki Ris tomonidan yuborilgan elektron pochta xabarlari News of the World's Dublindagi ofis, unda "Stakeknife" haqida ma'lumotlar mavjud edi. Xest Stakeknife bilan aloqada bo'lmagan. Janob Marunchak o'sha paytda gazetaning Irlandiyalik nashrining muharriri edi.[85]

Shu vaqtda, Martin Ingram, aka Ian Xerst, Shimoliy Irlandiyadagi Britaniya armiyasi razvedkasining serjanti bo'lib, "Stakeknife" agenti bilan aloqa uchun mas'uliyatni soxta ravishda o'z zimmasiga olgan. Xabarlarga ko'ra, Muvaqqat IRAga joylashtirilgan va suiqasd xavfi yuqori bo'lgan. Agentni himoya qilish uchun sir tutilganligi haqida juda kam odam bilar edi. Ma'lum bo'lishicha, Xurstning shaxsiy kompyuterini Marunchak troyan dasturi bilan buzib tashlagan, u elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'chirgan va xakerga etkazgan, bu esa o'z navbatida ularni gazeta xodimlariga topshirgan va agentga xavf tug'dirgan.[8][85][86][87][88][89]

Met tomonidan kompyuter buzilishi to'g'risidagi hujjatli dalillar paydo bo'lgan paytdan boshlab, 2011 yil 10 iyungacha Met tomonidan aniq bir tergov harakati o'tkazilmagan. Tuleta operatsiyasi ishga tushirildi. Yoqdi Weeting operatsiyasi, Tuleta Met's tomonidan boshqarilgan Syu Akers. Xerstning ta'kidlashicha, Met unga 2006 yilgi xakerlik haqida 2011 yil iyulida xabar bergan.[90]

Elveden operatsiyasi (2011): poraxo'rlik, korruptsiya

2003 yildan 2008 yilgacha Ken Makdonald edi Davlat ayblovlari bo'yicha direktor (DPP) da Crown Prokuratura xizmati (CPS). Ushbu davr mobaynida, Endi Xeyman ning Metropolitan politsiya xizmati telefonning xakerlik hujumi bo'yicha Met tergovini cheklab qo'ydi Kliv Gudman va Glenn Myulkyer. Jon Yeyts Keyinchalik, CPS bilan hamkorlik natijasida tergovning cheklanganligini da'vo qildi, chunki CPS ovozli xabarlar telefon xakerlari tomonidan belgilangan ro'yxatdan o'tgandan oldin tinglanmaguncha, qonun buzilmasligini ko'rsatdi. Makdonald o'sha paytdagi muharriri bilan tanishgani uchun ushbu strategiya mashg'ulotlaridan voz kechdi Dunyo yangiliklari, Andy Coulson.

2006 yil 29 noyabrda Kliv Gudman hikoyalar yozish uchun qirol xonadonining noqonuniy ravishda maxfiy ma'lumotlarini olganlikda aybdor deb topdi Dunyo yangiliklari. Bir necha oy o'tgach, Gudman qamoqqa hukm qilindi va ishdan bo'shatildi Dunyo yangiliklari. U qisman boshqalar uning faoliyatini yaxshi bilishini da'vo qilib, ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risidagi ariza bilan murojaat qildi. Ushbu kostyum 2007 yil mart oyida hal qilingan. Xalqaro yangiliklar, egasi Dunyo yangiliklari, Goodman va boshqalar o'rtasida 300 ga yaqin elektron pochta xabarlarini tanladi Dunyo yangiliklari muxbirlari va muharrirlari va yuridik firma so'radi Xarbotl va Lyuis (H&L) ularni ko'rib chiqish va boshqalar, shu jumladan Andy Coulson, Gudmanning xakerlikdan xabardor bo'lganligi yoki o'zlarini buzish bilan shug'ullanganligi to'g'risida dalillar mavjudligini xabar qilish. H&L o'sha paytda qirol oilasiga maslahat sifatida ham xizmat qilgan. 2007 yil 29 mayda H & L kompaniyasining vakili Lourens Abramson elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqishda bunday dalil topilmagani haqida yozgan yuridik firma va uning mijozi o'rtasida muzokaralar olib borilgan xatning so'nggi loyihasini News International-ga yubordi. Uning jamoatlarga bergan ko'rsatmasida Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi 2011 yil 19 iyulda News International's Jeyms Merdok telefonni buzish yagona "yolg'onchi muxbir" ning ishi, ya'ni Gudmanning ishi ekanligini jamoatchilik oldida tasdiqlash uchun "katta maslahatchining tashqi yuridik maslahati" bo'lgan ushbu maktubga tayanib da'vo qildi.[91] Ushbu 300 ta elektron pochta o'sha paytda politsiyaga berilmagan.[92]

Xalqaro yangiliklar gazetalar, parlament va politsiyaning yagona "yolg'onchi muxbir" pozitsiyasiga nisbatan tobora ortib borayotgan shubha va tanqidiga duch keldi. Shuningdek, politsiyaning o'zlari tomonidan noqonuniy harakatlarga oid savollar tug'ildi. Natijada, News International's bosh kompaniya, Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi elektron pochta xabarlarini qayta ko'rib chiqishni tashkil qildi. 2011 yil may oyida ularning advokatlik firmasi Hickman & Rose, Ken Makdonaldni hanuzgacha tanishi sifatida yollagan Dunyo yangiliklari muharriri Andy Coulson, H&L 2007 yildan beri elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqish uchun.[91] Makdonald elektron pochta xabarlarini ko'rib chiqqanida, u jinoiy huquqbuzarlik dalillarini namoyish etgani "ko'r-ko'rona aniq" degan xulosaga kelish uchun besh daqiqadan kamroq vaqt ketdi. U News Corporation kengashiga elektron pochta xabarlarini politsiyaga berishni maslahat berdi, "bu" The News of the World "gazetasida jurnalistlar tomonidan politsiyaga to'langan to'lovlar bo'yicha hozirgi tergovni boshlagan. Keyin kompaniya boshqa hujjatlar, shu jumladan naqd pullari orqali yurib ketdi. Surishtiruvni bilgan rasmiylarning so'zlariga ko'ra, avtorizatsiya yozuvlari va bir necha yil davomida bir guruh ofitserlarga 130 000 funt miqdorida to'lovlar aniqlangan. Ushbu yozuvlar tarkibiga janob Gudmanning elektron pochtasi orqali ming funt naqd pul olish to'g'risidagi hujjatlar kiritilgan. - politsiyachidan Yashil kitobni sotib olganligi to'g'risida elektron pochta xabarlari. "[92]

20 iyun kuni Makdonald politsiyaga noqonuniy to'lovlar to'g'risidagi da'volarga oid hujjatlarni ko'rib chiqdi.[93] 4-iyul kuni Guardian Millie Dowler haqidagi hikoyani buzdi. 2011 yil 6-iyulda bu haqda e'lon qilindi Elveden operatsiyasi had been initiated to investigate alleged bribery and corruption within the Metropolitan Police.

Investigations of the Metropolitan Police

As the Met initiated new investigations, it became the object of investigations by others.

Investigative reporting by newspapers

Hali 2002 yilda, qachon Metropolitan politsiyasi korrupsiyaga qarshi kurash bo'limi Nigeriya operatsiyasi bilan shug'ullangan, Guardian politsiyadagi korruptsiya bilan bog'liq barcha dalillar izlanadimi yoki yo'qmi degan savollarni tug'dirdi.[82]

Between February 2004 and April 2005, as a result of Glade operatsiyasi, ten men working for private detective agencies were charged with crimes relating to the illegal acquisition of confidential information.[5][18][20] Some of the information they obtained reportedly came from serving police officers. Only four of the accused were ultimately found guilty of crimes but did not serve prison time. Guardian reported that the investigation and prosecution ended in fiasco since Whittamore and three others received conditional discharges. A trial of other members collapsed before it had even gotten started."[14] The Guardian also observed that enormous amounts of information seized in raids had not been evaluated.[5][21]

2006 yil qamoqdan keyin Kliv Gudman va Glenn Myulkyer va va'da bilan Xalqaro yangiliklar executive and senior Metropolitan politsiyasi officials that a thorough investigation of evidence identified only these two as being involved in phone hacking, the public perception was that the matter was closed. Nik Devis va boshqa jurnalistlar Guardian continued to critically examine evidence available from court cases and reported information contradicting official positions.[66]

Other newspapers, including The New York Times, Daily Telegraph va Mustaqil, also published key articles critical of the Met's performance. These news media organizations persisted in obtaining and evaluating information from court records, Axborot erkinligi so'rovlar,[94] va politsiya xodimlarini o'z ichiga olgan maydon aloqalari. Misolida bo'lgani kabi Votergeyt bilan bog'liq janjal of 1972, dogged investigative reporting led to public inquiries by national oversight bodies, intensified police investigations, and resignations by senior law enforcement officials.

Investigation by national oversight bodies

Commons Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee

Jamoalar palatasi Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi held hearings regarding phone hacking by news media companies in March 2007, July 2009, and again in July 2011. Representatives of the Metropolitan politsiya xizmati gave evidence to the committee on several occasions, including oral evidence as follows:

2009 yil 2 sentyabr Jon Yeyts, Assistant Commissioner
2 September 2009 Philip Williams, Detective Chief Superintendent
2011 yil 24 mart Jon Yeyts, Acting Deputy Commissioner
2007 yil mart

The 2007 inquiry regarding "Privacy and media intrusion" began shortly after Goodman and Mulcaire were sentenced. It was focused on activity at Dunyo yangiliklari. The then executive chairman of Xalqaro yangiliklar, Les Xinton, assured the Committee that a "full, rigorous internal inquiry" had been carried out and, to his knowledge, Goodman was the only person at Dunyo yangiliklari that knew about hacking. Hinton said, “I believe absolutely that Andy Coulson did not have knowledge of what was going on.”[23][95]

2009 yil iyul

Prompted by the allegations in the three articles published by Guardian around 8 July 2009, the Committee convened new hearings. Rais John Whittingdale questioned whether the Committee had been misled by Xalqaro yangiliklar executives who testified two years before that Goodman and Mulcaire acted alone. The Committee again heard evidence from Les Xinton, then chief executive officer of Dow Jones & Company va Andy Coulson, then director of communications for the Conservative Party. They also heard from Met assistant commissioner Jon Yeyts and Detective chief superintendent Philip Williams. The Committee's findings, released in February 2010, were critical of News International executives for their “collective amnesia” and critical of the police for not pursuing "evidence that merited a wider investigation."[23][95]

2011 yil iyul

Keyin Guardian publicized the 2002 hacking of Milly Dowler's phone, the Committee renewed hearings to follow up on the 2009 inquiry into press standards, privacy and libel. Again evidence was given by Jon Yeyts va Xalqaro yangiliklar executives, this time including Rebeka Bruks, Jeyms Merdok va Rupert Merdok. By this time, there was substantial evidence from various sources that phone hacking had been widespread, that senior newspaper executives were aware of it sooner than had been claimed, and that Parliament had been misled.[96]

Ichki ishlar qo'mitasi

The Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang held hearings regarding phone hacking by news media companies beginning in July 2009 and in September 2010.

2009 yil iyul

Kabi Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee, the Home Affairs Select Committee questioned the Met's decision not to reopen the investigation following allegations that 27 other Xalqaro yangiliklar reporters may have illegally commissioned private investigators to carry out tasks. The Met's assistant commissioner Jon Yeyts responded that he had only looked into the original inquiry of Goodman.[97]

2010 yil sentyabr

As information continued to emerge from court cases and investigative reporting, the Home Affairs Committee initiated another inquiry on 1 September 2010. The Committee again received evidence from the Met, newspaper journalists and executives,

Shortly after the hacking of Milly Dowler's phone became public in 2011, committee chairman Keyt Vaz wrote to Prime Minister Devid Kemeron asking him to consider points raised during the committee's inquiry, including:

  • "Why there was such an extensive failure by the Metropolitan Police properly to investigate allegations of telephone hacking and other illegal activity when those allegations were first made;
  • "Whether the advice on the interpretation of section 1 of RIPA given by the CPS inappropriately limited the scope of the Metropolitan Police inquiry in 2006
  • "The police response to such offences, especially the treatment of those whose communications have been intercepted;
  • "The legal situation surrounding payment of police officers;
  • "Whether police officers were compromised by their relationships with journalists during the 2006 inquiry;
  • "Whether police officers were subject to blackmail by those they were investigating;"
  • "Whether criticism of the Metropolitan Police Service was suppressed by the use of public money to threaten legal action;
  • "Whether there should be advice to/restrictions on senior public officials such as the Director of Public Prosecutions about taking employment with those previously subject to investigations in which the officials were involved."

The committee issued its report finding that difficulties justifying the failure to investigate further were insufficient and that there appeared simply to be no real overcome obstacles.

Leveson so'rovi

Ikki kundan keyin Guardian article regarding Milly Dowler was published, Prime Minister Devid Kemeron davlat hukumati surishtiruvi boshlanishini e'lon qildi. Kemeron nomini oldi Lord Adliya Leveson to chair the inquiry into phone hacking at Dunyo yangiliklari va boshqa gazetalar, politsiyaning dastlabki tergovi tafsilotlari, matbuot tomonidan politsiyaga noqonuniy to'lovlar va ommaviy axborot vositalarining, shu jumladan radioeshittirishlar va ommaviy madaniyat va axloq qoidalari ijtimoiy tarmoqlar.[98][99][100]

The Leveson Inquiry would be conducted in two parts.[101] Part 1 of the inquiry would focus on axloqiy questions, specifically "the culture, practices and ethics of the press, including contacts between the press and politicians and the press and the police." Part 2 would focus on qonuniy questions, specifically "the extent of unlawful or improper conduct within News International, other media organisations or other organisations. It will also consider the extent to which any relevant police force investigated allegations relating to News International, and whether the police received corrupt payments or were otherwise complicit in misconduct." Part 2 would not begin right away because of ongoing investigations by law enforcement organizations. The Leveson Inquiry's press release of September 2011 named the Met along with 46 celebrities, politicians, sportsmen, other public figures, and members of the public who may have been victims of media intrusion, granting them all "core participant" status in the initial module of the inquiry.[102] Core participants could, through their legal representatives, ask questions of witnesses giving oral evidence.[103]

Internal Met investigations

By early July 2011, Metropolitan politsiya xizmati komissar Ser Pol Stivenson was facing questions and accusations from several quarters about potential conflicts of interest arising from his social relationships with Xalqaro yangiliklar rahbarlar.[104][105]

2011 yil 14 iyulda, Nil Uollis hibsga olingan. Wallis was formerly executive editor at Dunyo yangiliklari and was arrested on suspicion of conspiring to intercept communications[106] In 2009 and 2010, while Wallis' public relations firm, Chamy Media, was being paid £24,000 by the Met for him to do public relations work two days each month,[107] Wallis also received more than £25,000 from Xalqaro yangiliklar for providing “crime exclusives” using details of Met investigations. For one story, he was paid £10,000. His contract with the Met reportedly had a confidentiality clause, a Ma'lumotlarni himoya qilish to'g'risidagi qonun clause and a conflict of interest clause.[108] During January 2011, Stephenson accepted a five-week stay worth an estimated $19,000[109] from Champneys, a health farm at the time the spa's public relations were being handled by Wallis's firm.[105][107]

Three days later, on 17 July, Stephenson resigned. He claimed his relationship with Wallis was that of an acquaintance and maintained only for professional purposes. He denied having suspected Wallis was involved in phone hacking, relying upon senior figures from Xalqaro yangiliklar claiming misbehaviour was confined to a few rogues. Finally, he claimed to have been unaware of any other documents in the Met's possession of the nature that subsequently emerged."[104]

The next day, 18 July, an initiative was announced by Uy kotibi Tereza Mey to examine the ethical considerations regarding the replations between the Metropolitan police and the media. It was to be led by Elizabeth Filkin, sobiq Standartlar bo'yicha parlament komissari, and intended to create a framework for how officers should interact with journalists. May also noted that she had asked the Mustaqil politsiya shikoyat komissiyasi to determine whether it needs the authority to question civilian witnesses during the course of their investigations and whether it should be able to investigate "institutional failings" of entire forces in addition to allegations against individual officers.[2][110]

2011 yil 1 sentyabrda, Ulug'vorning so'z birikmasi inspektsiyasi began an inquiry to address alleged corruption and abuse of power in police relationships with the media." This, too, was ordered by Uy kotibi Tereza Mey and led by a former Essexning asosiy konstablesi, Rojer Beyker. His area of investigation was to include payments made to custody sergeants for tip-offs about arrests as well as buying drinks and providing lavish hospitality.[110]

Later in September, in what may also be considered an internal investigation, the new Met Commissioner, Bernard Xogan-Xou, took the unusual step of asking the Durham constabulary to review the work of Weeting operatsiyasi.[67]

Tanqidlar va javoblar

Investigations of the Met gave rise to criticisms of the Met's role in the phone hacking scandal. Commentators observed that the personal relationships among individuals variously in law enforcement, news media, and political institutions may have compromised principles and judgments, sometimes leading to inappropriate favors and even illegal payments. This entanglement of personal and commercial interests led some commentators to believe that a disincentive was created for police officials to thoroughly investigate allegations of wrongdoing. Bu jabrlanganlarga o'z vaqtida xabar berilmasligi, jamoat va hukumat nazorat organlariga noqonuniy xatti-harakatlarini yashirish to'g'risida noto'g'ri bayonotlarni keltirib chiqarishi va / yoki hushtak chalayotganlarning ovozini bo'g'ishga urinishlarga olib kelishi mumkin.

Metropolitan politsiyasi spokespersons have maintained that investigations were pursued appropriately in light of information and guidance available to them and in light of competing priorities for their resources.

Personal relationships and potential conflicts of interest

Esa Komissar ning Metropolitan politsiyasi from 1993 to 2000, Pol Kondon established the Met's anti-corruption unit, acknowledging that police corruption was not an occasional threat, but a permanent, ongoing one.[111] Condon's initiatives all but closed down communication between Met police and the news media.[110]

Condon's successor, Jon Stivens was Met commissioner from 2000 to 2005. He was credited with reopening communication between the Met and the news media,[110] consciously cultivating relationships with them. In this, he was assisted by the Met's public affairs head, Dick Fedorcio. One senior officer reportedly said that Stevens was a master of the media who had not understood the complications that could arise from close relationships with the media.[112] After retiring, Stevens wrote a column for the Dunyo yangiliklari. In his autobiography, he stated that he had worked hard to maintain good relations with the press and, in doing so had made himself "available" to editors such as Rebeka Bruks (then Wade) at Quyosh va Andy Coulson da Dunyo yangiliklari.[113]

Yan Bler was commissioner from February 2005 to December 2008. Apparently less skilled than Stevens in working with the media, Blair made high-profile media gaffes that contributed to his losing support and ultimately led to his resignation.[114] Blair later wrote an article for the Yangi shtat arbobi in which he agreed with Condon that there would always be some small number of corrupt staff in the Met. Then in his role as journalist, the former commissioner held the view that only a small fraction of policemen became compromised and that the principal problem stemmed from their relationships with politicians rather than with journalists.[111]}}

Vaqtiga qadar Pol Stivenson became Met commissioner in January 2009, Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi executives had well established, interdependent relationships with both politicians and the police.[26]

In the 15 months following his becoming Prime Minister, Devid Kemeron bilan uchrashdi Xalqaro yangiliklar executives 26 times. Jeyms Merdok, Rebeka Bruks va Andy Coulson had all been his guests at the Prime Minister's official country residence. Ga binoan Mustaqil, Mr Cameron held at least twice as many meetings with Murdoch executives as he held with any other media organisation.[115] Leaders of both major parties cultivated relationships with the Murdochs.[116]

Since 2006, Met commissioner Paul Stephenson dined with executives and others at Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi 18 times, including 8 times with Nil Uollis, one of which was in September 2006 during the Royal Household/Goodman inquiry when Wallis was deputy editor of Dunyo yangiliklari.[26][117] Endi Xeyman who led that inquiry, attended several dinners, lunches and receptions with Dunyo yangiliklari editors. One such dinner was on 25 April 2006 while his officers were gathering evidence in the cases. Shortly after Mr. Hayman left the Metropolitan Police in December 2007 he was hired to write a column for Londonning Times gazetasi, another publication of Xalqaro yangiliklar.[26]

Uy kotibi Tereza Mey, expressed concerns over the closeness of the relationship between Xalqaro yangiliklar va politsiya.[112] Bosh vazir o'rinbosari Nik Klegg expressed concerns about growing public perception of police corruption.[104] Leyboristlar deputati Pol Farrelli said the meetings demonstrated inappropriate ties with the Murdoch organisation.[115] Hisoboti Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang noted a "level of social interaction which took place betweensenior Metropolitan Police Officers and executives at Xalqaro yangiliklar whileinvestigations were or should have been being undertaken into the allegations ofphone hacking carried out on behalf of the Dunyo yangiliklari."[118]

Paul Stephenson resigned 17 July 2011. This was the result of speculation about the Met's ties to senior people at Xalqaro yangiliklar shu jumladan Nil Uollis who had been arrested in connection with Operation Weeting."[104]

There was potential for mutual benefit from these various relationships, some of which could be rationalized to be in the public interest. Personal ties could help journalists obtain information on which to base news stories the public should know about. The police might obtain information from journalists that helped solve crimes. In defense of investigative reporting by Dunyo yangiliklari, The New York Times noted that even disregarding sex scandals, wrongdoing resulting in dozens of criminal convictions had been reported.[23]

However, some mutual benefit from these personal ties was less focused on the public good. As early as 1997, it was customary for newspapers, including Dunyo yangiliklari, about to publish a story about alleged criminal activity, to tip-off the police in advance so that the police could make arrests and get favorable publicity from the newspaper.[6] Police officials might receive favors or even payment for information. Questionable aspects of their private life might also receive less scrutiny from the press.[119] Politicians might receive influential support from newspapers. Every Prime Minister beginning with Margaret Tetcher reportedly benefited from Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi tasdiqlash.[23][120][121] Newspaper executives in return might receive preferred access to politicians that could help their companies. Masalan, Yangiliklar korporatsiyasi Chairman in Europe, Jeyms Merdok dined at the Prime Minister's official country residence during the period that he was promoting the company's bid for British Sky Broadcasting Group (BSkyB).[115]

In the worst case, such personal relationships could create a conflict of interest making senior Met officials less willing to act in the public interest. The Kundalik hayvon concluded the current situation between the Met and Xalqaro yangiliklar was too cozy.[116]}}

Limited, incomplete investigations

Tanqidchilar Met's investigation into phone hacking noted that large amounts of evidence available to them was inexplicably left unevaluated and unused. It was speculated during a Parliamentary Debate in September 2010, that, if Endi Xeyman, the Met officer who headed the phone hacking 2006 investigation, had been placed in charge of the Watergate inquiry, "President Nixon would have safely served a full term."[122] Critics also noted the legal criteria the Met used to guide its investigations was incorrect, and that conflicts of interest may have contributed to limiting the investigations.

The Met responded that there were higher priority investigations competing for the limited resources available, and that they conducted appropriate investigations based upon their knowledge and guidance at the time. Responding to a critical Nyu-York Tayms maqola, the Metropolitan politsiya xizmati released a statement defending its actions.[123]}}

Eventually, with increasing publicity regarding the phone hacking scandal, a total of 185 people were committed to investigations relating to illegal acquisition of confidential information. Specifically, by mid-July 2012, 96 officers and civilians were working on Operation Weeting (phone hacking), 19 officers working on Operation Tuleta (computer hacking), and 70 working on Operation Elveden (bribery, corruption).[124]

Unevaluated evidence

The Met began accumulating evidence against Jonatan Ris beginning in 1987 relating to the murder of Daniel Morgan va boshqa jinoyatlar. Nik Devis, reporter for Guardian, believes these "boxloads" of paperwork "could include explosive new evidence of illegal news-gathering by the Dunyo yangiliklari and other papers."[9][10] There has been no indication that this evidence was thoroughly evaluated for evidence of illegal acquisition of confidential information.

Documents dating back to the 1990s seized in 2003 by the Information Commissioner's Office from the home of private investigator Stephen Whittamore as part of Motorman operatsiyasi may not have been thoroughly evaluated by the Met for evidence of illegal acquisition of confidential information. Seized documents included 13,343 requests for confidential information from 305 journalists[5][21][41] In 2007 the information commissioner "berated the police and PCC over their feeble prosecution and condemnation, respectively, of a range of offences, from garnering ex-directory numbers to hacking into the police national computer."[125]

Xodimlar Dunyo yangiliklari reportedly reported to the police in 2002 that the paper only had access to Milly's voice mails and that no one had been accused of phone hacking at that time."[126]

Documents seized by the Metropolitan Police in August 2006 from the home of private investigator Glenn Myulkyer totaled 11,000 pages of evidence,[77] including a voicemail target list with over 4,000 names on it.[26][127] Ga binoan The New York Times, no one at the Met cataloged this evidence until late 2010, even though senior Scotland Yard officials told Parliament, judges, lawyers, potential hacking victims, the news media and the public that there was no evidence of widespread hacking by the tabloid.[26] Ga binoan Daily Telegraph, evidence had been kept in trash bags for three years before deputy commissioner Jon Yeyts ] had the names entered on to a computer database to permit thorough examination for leads.[44] Only eight of 4,000 potential victims became the subject of charges against Mulcaire in 2006.

A key document seized from Mulcaire's premises in August 2006 was the "Transcript for Nevile" email. The names appearing on this document indicated that Dunyo yangiliklari journalists in addition to Kliv Gudman were involved in phone hacking. The Met acknowledged the existence of this document 1 November 2007 in response to inquiries related to the civil claim brought against Dunyo yangiliklari tomonidan Gordon Teylor. The court ordered the Met to turn the document over to Taylor on 7 December 2007 and Farrer and Co, which then represented News Group gazetalari, received a copy by 2 April 2008.[128][129]

Raisi Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi asked Yates why this document did not provoke someone to interview Neville.[46]}} The committee criticized this 2006 decision not to investigate further, concluding that there had been evidence of additional lawbreaking by others and that more thorough police investigation had been warranted. The Committee criticized Yates judgment.[130] Keyingi yil Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang conducted an inquiry and leveled similar criticism at the Met "for its failures to pursue inquiries."[131]

Afzalliklar

Faced with criticism for not thoroughly pursuing available evidence in 2006, the Met asserted that the Royal Household/Goodman inquiry was limited "because the counter-terrorism unit, which was in charge of the case, was preoccupied with more pressing demands."[26] Ga binoan komissar yordamchisi o'rinbosari Piter Klark, the unit then had over 70 live operations regarding terrorist plots and that not all of these were being investigated because of a shortage of officers to do so.[132] Assistant commissioner Jon Yeyts pointed to the fact that, two days after Mucaire was arrested, the counter-terrorism unit foiled an Al-Qoida plan to blow up transatlantic airliners.[44]

The Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang acknowledged that the anti-terrorist unit had conflicting priorities and that Clark gave higher priority to protecting life threatened by terrorists than to criminal activity resulting only in breaches of privacy. Nonetheless, it was critical of not looking into the evidence it had in hand.[132]}}

Incorrect legal criteria

As part of setting their investigative priorities in 2006, the Met consulted with the Crown Prokuratura xizmati (CPS) to agree upon a strategy for pursuing the Royal Household/Goodman inquiry. Assistant commissioner Jon Yeyts claimed that the Met was guided by advice from the CPS, then headed by Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) Ken Makdonald, that "phone hacking was only an offence if messages had been intercepted before they were listened to by the intended recipient."[31] Yates told Parliament on four separate occasions that it was on the basis of this legal theory that Yates repeatedly claimed that only 10 to 12 phone hacking victims had been identified. Yates maintained his position to the Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi in 2011 that the guidance received by the Met was "unequivocal."[32]

This account was challenged by Keir Starmer, who succeed Macdonald as DPP. Starmer told the Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang that the Met were not given advice which limited their investigation. Specifically, he claimed:[32]

  • The Met had been advised that phone hacking was an offence under the 1990 Computer Misuse Act, regardless of whether messages had or had not been heard by their intended recipient.
  • Although a CPS lawyer had raised the possibility early in the inquiry that, under the 2000 Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act (RIPA), it might be necessary to prove voicemail messages had been intercepted before listened to by the intended recipient, an email sent to the Met in April 2006 cautioned that this was an untested view that warranted further consideration. Bundan tashqari, keyin Devid Perri became the prosecutor in July 2006, he advised the Met that this was a narrow interpretation.
  • When charges were brought against Kliv Gudman va Glenn Myulkyer, no mention was made as to whether messages had already been listened to by the intended recipient.

Qiziqishlar to'qnashuvi

Some observers expressed the view that the decision to limit the investigation was in part due to conflict of interest by Met officials. Ga binoan The New York Times, some investigators acknowledged that Scotland Yard was reluctant investigate more fully in part because of its close relationship with Dunyo yangiliklari."[23] The New York Times further observed that, such interviews, combined with testimony before the Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi, indicated that “the police agency and Xalqaro yangiliklar … became so intertwined that they wound up sharing the goal of containing the investigation.[133]

In reply, the Met insisted that they followed the lines of inquiry that they thought was likely to produce the best evidence, and that the charges that were brought were appropriate for the criminality uncovered.[23] A former senior Met official denied the department was influenced by any alliance with Dunyo yangiliklari.[23]

Met assistant commissioner Jon Yeyts expressed his views to Daily Telegraph in an interview that mistakes had been made, but that they reflected "cock-up, not conspiracy." The Met had simply taken a narrow view of what constituted a "victim," leading them to report publicly that there were a small number, a "handful," perhaps hundreds of victims, but not thousands.[44]

Illegal payments to officers

Allegations of illegal payments to police officers date back to the earliest period of the phone hacking scandal. 1990 yillar davomida, Jonatan Ris reportedly had a network of sources within the Metropolitan politsiya xizmati, including serving officers, providing him with confidential information that he sold at a profit to news media organizations.[82]

2003 yil mart oyida, Rebeka Bruks, muharriri Quyosh va Andy Coulson, muharriri Dunyo yangiliklari testified together before the Commons media select committee. Brooks responded to a question about payments to the police saying that the organization paid the police for information in the past. Asked if she would do so again in the future, her answer was pre-empted by Coulson who stated that, if there is a clear public interest, they would continue with that practice. It was pointed out to Coulson that it was always illegal to pay police officers, regardless of public interest. Coulson suggested he had been talking about the use of subterfuge."[5]

Ga binoan Guardian, the Met received documents in June 2011 from Xalqaro yangiliklar buni ko'rsatib turibdi Dunyo yangiliklari paid a total of £100,000 to between 3 and 5 as yet unidentified Met officers in 2003 while Coulson was editor.[25] Former Met commissioner Yan Bler noted that this represents only "five junior police officers out of the Met's 52,000 staff."[111] Guardian believes evidence in the hands of the Met indicates there are more serving officers receiving thousands of pounds in brown envelopes from newspaper's crime reporters and that, when the attempts were made to stop the corruption, serving officers tipped them off so they could evade detection.[3] The New York Times reported that, at best, the police have been lazy, incompetent and too cozy with the people they should have regarded as suspects. At worst, some officers might be committing crimes themselves."[26]

In addition to cash payments, there is concern that Met officers may be influenced by favors or promises of employment, since senior Met officers sometimes land jobs with newspapers. Hisoboti Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang concluded that they were seriously concerned about allocations of payments made to serving police officers.[118]}}

Victims not notified or information not released to them

As of June 2011, according to Guardian, Scotland Yard is believed to still have hundreds of thousands of documents obtained during investigations into private investigator Jonatan Ris. Rik Devies, reporter for Guardian, believes review of these "boxloads" of paperwork could expose explosive new evidence of illegal news-gathering by the Dunyo yangiliklari and other news organizations. According to his sources, confidential information sold to newspapers may have been obtained through blagging, burglaries, bribery, and blackmail, sometimes involving corrupt customs officers, VAT inspectors, bank employees and police officers.[9] In 2003, a raid by the Axborot komissari boshqarmasi (ICO) qismi sifatida qilingan Motorman operatsiyasi xususiy tergovchi Stiv Uittamorning uyida. Natijada gazeta va jurnallardan maxfiy ma'lumot olish uchun 13000 dan ortiq so'rovlar, shu jumladan yozuvlar olib qo'yildi.[134]

2006 yilda Axborot komissari Richard Tomas deb ta'kidladi yuzlab jurnalistlar noqonuniy ravishda shaxsiy ma'lumotlarni sotib olgan bo'lishi mumkin.[135][136] 2006 yilda, Metropolitan politsiya xizmati (Skotlend-Yard) boshqa xususiy tergovchining yozuvlarini olib qo'ydi, Glenn Myulkyer va 4000 dan ortiq ismlar bilan maqsadlar ro'yxatini topdi.[127][137] "Mulkaire ma'lumotlarining umumiyligi" ning chiqarilishiga hali erishilmagan, ammo sud orqali so'ralgan.[138][139] Ga binoan Guardian, qo'lga kiritilgan materialga 4332 ism yoki qisman ism, 2987 ta mobil telefon raqamlari kiritilgan. 30 audio lenta va ovozli pochtaga kirish uchun 91 pin kod.[140]

Met tomonidan 1999 yilda Rizning telefoniga lenta yozish paytida yoki 2003 yilda Whittamore xonasiga reyd paytida olingan minglab potentsial qurbonlarni aniqlash yoki xabardor qilish bo'yicha muntazam ravishda ish olib borilayotgani to'g'risida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q. 2006 yilda Glenn Myulker xonasiga uyushtirilgan reyddan keyin. Xabar qilinishicha, Met qirol xonadoni va Myulkairning rasmiy aybloviga kiritiladigan yana besh qurbon haqida ogohlantirgan. Met shuningdek, "milliy xavfsizlik bilan bog'liq tanlangan shaxslarni: hukumat a'zolari, politsiya va harbiylarni" xabardor qilganliklarini da'vo qilmoqda.[23]

Telefonni buzish qurbonlarining aniq soni noma'lum, ammo Commons Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang hisobotda 2011 yil iyul oyida "taxminan 12,800 kishi qurbon bo'lishi yoki telefon xakerligi ta'siriga tushishi mumkinligi" ta'kidlangan.[135][141] Bu faqat 2011 yil iyulida taxmin qilingan Ushbu qurbonlarning 170 nafari xabardor qilingan edi.[52][135] 2011 yil oktyabr oyida Myuller tomonidan maxfiy ma'lumotlarni olgan odamlarning atigi 5% yoki 200 ga yaqini xabardor qilingan deb taxmin qilingan.[142][143]

Farqli o'laroq, Jon Yeyts dedi Jamoatchilar palatasi Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi 2009 yil sentyabr oyida politsiya xabarni ushlab qolishgan shaxslarning "bu juda oz, u bir nechta" ekanligini ko'rsatadigan dalillarni topdi.[21][45] Bundan tashqari, janob Yeyts jamoatchilikni barcha ta'sirlanganlar xabardor qilinganligiga ishontirdi.[26] Buning uchun Yeyts tomonidan tanqid qilindi John Whittingdale, jamoalar raisi Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi. 2010 yil fevral oyining oxirida Met qancha qurbonlarning ovozli pochtasi buzilganligi haqida ogohlantirganligi to'g'risida xabar berishdan bosh tortdi.

The telefonni buzish uchun o'z mijozlari uchun moliyaviy hisob-kitoblarni yutib olish uchun birinchi advokatlar resurs bilan emas, balki to'siq sifatida Met bilan kurashish kerak edi. Ba'zi hollarda, Metning potentsial jabrdiydalarni o'z vaqtida xabardor qilmaganligi, ular o'zlarining advokatlariga pul to'lashlari kerak edi, ular shunchaki telefonni buzish jinoyati qurbonlari bo'lganligini bilish uchun.[144] Jorj Galloway, Parlament a'zosi, detektiv tomonidan 2006 yil avgustida uning xabarlari buzilganligi to'g'risida ogohlantirildi. Gallowayning aytishicha, detektiv uni PIN-kodini o'zgartirishga undagan. Ammo Galloway uning telefoniga kim kirganini so'raganda, Skotlend-Yardlik kishi "menga hech narsa aytishni istamadi".[23] Ko'pgina hollarda, jabrlanuvchilar tomonidan jinoyatchilarga nisbatan kechiktirilgan yoki hatto sud jarayoni to'g'risida xabar bermaslik. Hackning ehtimoliy ba'zi qurbonlari dalillarga o'tirib, uzoq vaqt davomida politsiya telefon kompaniyalaridan ma'lumot olishning iloji yo'qligini aytdi.[23] Potentsial jabrdiydalar nafaqat telefon kompaniyalari 12 oy davomida saqlab turadigan qo'ng'iroq ma'lumotlarini tekshirish imkoniyatidan mahrum bo'lishdi, balki kirish kodlarini o'zgartirish yoki ularga qanday zarar etkazilganligini ko'rib chiqish maqsadga muvofiqligini bilishmadi. ushlash natijasi.[145]

Faqat keyin Guardianniki 2009 yil iyul oyidagi kelishuv tafsilotlarini ommaga e'lon qilgan maqola Dunyo yangiliklari bilan qilingan Maks Klifford advokatlar va advokatlar tomonidan 2006 yil avgustidan beri Met tomonidan olib borilgan telefonlarni buzish to'g'risidagi dalillarni majburiy ravishda oshkor qilish bo'yicha keng tashabbus mavjud edi. "[23] Yigirma kishi News International-ga qarshi fuqarolik ishlarini qo'zg'atdi, bu Metni janob Myulker bilan bog'liq ma'lumotlarni chiqarishga majbur qildi.[26] Hatto o'sha paytda ham Metdan foydali ma'lumotlarni olish qurbonlar uchun oson bo'lmagan. Uning hayoti haqida tafsilotlar paydo bo'lganligi sababli uning telefoni buzilganiga ishongan ayol Dunyo yangiliklari ma'lumot olish uchun politsiyaga yozgan. Ikki oy o'tgach, u Myulkerdan olib qo'yilgan hujjatlar orasida uning raqami topilganligini tasdiqlovchi javobni oldi va telefon-provayderiga murojaat qilishni taklif qildi.[23]

Xulosa qilib aytganda The New York Times Skotlend-Yard telefonni buzish qurbonlarining faqat bir qismini xabardor qilishni tanladi. Bu "Dunyo yangiliklari" ni ko'plab fuqarolik da'volaridan samarali himoya qildi.[23]}}

To'rt kishining ishida, shu jumladan bosh vazirning sobiq o'rinbosari Jon Preskott va sobiq yuqori lavozimli amaldor Brayan Peddik, Met advokatlari to'rt kishining sud telefonlari buzilmaganligini aytishdi. Ma'lum bo'lishicha, ular o'zlarining advokatlarini Metni sudni adashtirishda ayblashda ayblashgan.[26] Bundan g'azablangan Preskott Metga qarshi da'vo arizasi bilan murojaat qildi, chunki politsiya dastlab Glenn Myulkerning ofisidan olingan ma'lumotni topshirishdan bosh tortdi.[146][147]

Prokuratura, sud, parlament va jamoatchilikni chalg'itdi

Katta politsiyachilar, ikkalasi ham Uchrashdi, Shahar va boshqa hududiy kuchlar jabrdiydalarni, jamoatchilikni, parlamentni, prokuratura va sudlarni yo'ldan ozdirishda ayblangan.

Met jamoatchiligi tomonidan noqonuniy telefon xakerligini tashkil etadigan tor talqin haqida jamoatchilik umuman xabardor emas edi, ya'ni xaker xabarni jabrlanuvchidan oldin eshitgan taqdirdagina noqonuniy hisoblanadi. Binobarin, Metning ta'kidlashicha, qurbonlarni, jamoatchilikni va parlamentni yo'ldan ozdirgan qurbonlarning "ozgina soni" bor, ular qanday qilib oluvchi ularni eshitganligidan qat'i nazar, maxfiy aloqalarni to'xtatish amaliyoti qanchalik keng tarqalganligi to'g'risida. Dastlab Skotlend-Yard faqat sakkizta qurbon bo'lganini da'vo qilgan.[144] 2009 yil o'rtalarida, Jon Yeyts "yuzlab emas, minglab" ehtimoliy qurbonlar borligini da'vo qildi.[25]

Xuddi shu tor talqinni Met ishlatgan, chunki har kim ta'sir ko'rsatgan shaxslar politsiya barcha kerakli choralarni ko'rganligi to'g'risida odamlarga har qanday telefon qo'ng'iroqlari predmeti bo'lganligi to'g'risida xabardor bo'lishini ta'minlash uchun barcha choralar ko'rilganligi to'g'risida xabardor qilinganligiga ishontirganda. .[26] 2010 yil sentyabr oyida Yeyts Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang jabrlanuvchilarni xabardor qilishni ta'minlash uchun yirik telefon xizmatlarini ko'rsatuvchi provayderlar bilan barcha oqilona choralar ko'rilganligi, "agar bizda ular xakerlik yoki buzishga urinish mavzusi bo'lishi mumkin bo'lsa ham". Yeytsning so'zlariga ko'ra, bunga potentsial qurbonlar bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri gaplashish yoki telefon kompaniyasining buni amalga oshirganligini ta'minlash kiradi. To'rtta etakchi uyali aloqa kompaniyalari politsiya ulardan jabrlanganlarni ogohlantirishni so'raganini rad etdi.[145]

Uchrashuvdagi mutasaddilar keng tarqalgan xakerlik dalillari topilmadi, deb ishontirishganida, ular noto'g'ri izohlar bergan bo'lishi mumkin.[26]}}

The Crown Prokuratura xizmati (CPP) Qirollik xonadoni / Goodman so'rovi davomida qanchalik keng tergov qilish kerakligi haqida maslahatlashuvlar paytida Met tomonidan uni chalg'itdi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, met rasmiylari katta dalillarni prokurorlar bilan muhokama qilmagan, ular keyinchalik dalillarni baham ko'rishdan hayratda qolishgan. Met vakili CPP barcha dalillarga ega bo'lishiga javob berdi.[23]

O'zining hisobotida Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang aniq ayblamadi Janob Xeyman ularga yolg'on gapirish, lekin ularni qasddan adashtirgan degan shubhadan qutulish qiyinligini aytdi.[118] Parlament a'zosi Kris Brayant to'g'ridan-to'g'ri komissar yordamchisi Yeyts parlamentning ikkita qo'mitasini yo'ldan ozdirganlikda va guvohlik berishda xatolar aniq bo'lgandan keyin o'zini parlamentga to'g'irlamaganlikda aybladi.[5] Yeyts tomonidan ayblovlarga javob qaytardi Guardian taniqli tuhmat firmasini yollash orqali u parlamentni yo'ldan ozdirgani haqida xabar bergani uchun turli ommaviy axborot vositalariga qarshi qonuniy choralar bilan tahdid qilish uchun. "[5] Xabarlarga ko'ra Yatesning yuridik to'lovlari Met tomonidan to'langan.[148]

Husnbuzarlar haqida tushkunlikka tushish

2011 yil iyul oyida bo'lib o'tgan parlament muhokamasi paytida Baronessa Berrij hushtakbozlar jamoatchilik manfaatini ko'zlab gapirgandan beri ko'proq, kam emas, hushtakbozlarga ehtiyoj borligini kuzatishdi. Bu ma'lumotni tarqatish bilan bir xil emas.[149]

2011 yil sentyabr oyida Met o'zining yashirin ma'lumotlarni noqonuniy olish bo'yicha uchta yangi boshlangan tekshiruvlarini olib borar ekan, u turli xil tekshiruvlarga asos bo'lgan avvalgi ma'lumotlar va saqlanib qolgan dalillarga oid doimiy ravishda qochqinlarni kuzatib bordi. Kelajakdagi sızıntıların oldini olish uchun, Met, odatiy bo'lmagan harakatlarni amalga oshirdi Rasmiy sirlar to'g'risidagi qonun, bu og'ir jazolarni nazarda tutadi. Xususan, Met jurnalistlarni chaqirish uchun ushbu Qonundan foydalangan Guardian Milly Dowler vahiylari asos bo'lgan ma'lumot uchun o'z manbalarini ochib berish.[150] Ushbu harakat zudlik bilan va keng miqyosda qoralandi, ular xabar tarqatuvchilardan voz kechish va ommaviy axborot vositalarini qo'rqitish maqsadida qilingan.[151] Guardian Jurnalistlardan Dowler voqeasi uchun militsiyani hushtakdoshga etkazishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday narsani topshirishlarini talab qiladigan qog'ozlarni olganligini xabar qildi.[150][152]}}

Metning harakati rais tomonidan tanqid qilindi Keyt Vaz ning Uy ishlari bo'yicha qo'mitani tanlang[131] va rais John Whittingdale ning Madaniyat, ommaviy axborot vositalari va sport qo'mitasi.[153] OAV erkinligi bo'yicha vakil Evropada Xavfsizlik va Hamkorlik Tashkiloti, Demokratik institutlar va inson huquqlari bo'yicha byurosi, tashqi kotibga xat yozib, Uilyam Xeyg tergov ma'lumotlari va matbuot erkinligiga ta'sir ko'rsatishi mumkin bo'lgan sovuq xavotirni izhor etish. "[154]

Met dastlab Rasmiy sirlar to'g'risidagi qonundan foydalanishga oydinlik kiritishga harakat qildi, ammo tez orada ushbu tashabbusdan voz kechdi va talabini qaytarib oldi.[155]}}

Xronologiya

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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