Madeleine McCannning yo'qolishi - Disappearance of Madeleine McCann

Madeleine McCannning yo'qolishi
2007 yilda Madelein, uch yoshda va sud-tibbiyot rassomining u 2012 yilda to'qqiz yoshda qanday bo'lishi mumkinligi haqidagi taassurotlari[1]
Tug'ilgan	Madlen Bet Makken (2003-05-12)2003 yil 12-may "Lester", Angliya, Buyuk Britaniya
Ko'zdan yo'qoldi	2007 yil 3-may (3 yosh) 5A Rua doktor Agostinyo da Silva, Praia da Luz, Portugaliya 37 ° 05′19 ″ N. 8 ° 43′51 ″ V / 37.08866 ° N 8.73084 ° Vt / 37.08866; -8.73084Koordinatalar: 37 ° 05′19 ″ N. 8 ° 43′51 ″ V / 37.08866 ° N 8.73084 ° Vt / 37.08866; -8.73084
Holat	Yo'qolgan 13 yil, 6 oy va 25 kun davomida
Balandligi	90 sm (2 fut 11 dyuym)[2]
Ota-ona (lar)	Gerri Makken Keyt Makkenn (Xili nomli)
Ajralib turadigan xususiyatlar	Sariq sochlar; "[l] eft ko'z: ko'k va yashil; o'ng ko'z: irisda jigarrang dog'li yashil ... chap oyog'ida mayda jigarrang nuqta".[3]
Tergovchilar	Polícia Judiciária Lestershir politsiyasi London Metropolitan Politsiyasi /Shotland-Yard
Aloqa	Madeleinning jamg'armasi

Madlen Bet Makken (2003 yil 12 mayda tug'ilgan) 2007 yil 3 may kuni kechqurun dam olish joyidagi dam olish xonasida yotgan joyidan g'oyib bo'ldi Praia da Luz, ichida Algarve Portugaliyaning mintaqasi. The Daily Telegraph yo'qolishini "zamonaviy tarixdagi eng og'ir xabar qilingan bedarak yo'qolgan odam ishi" deb ta'riflagan.^[4] Uning qaerdaligi noma'lum bo'lib qolmoqda,^[5] va Germaniya prokuraturasi 2020 yilda uni o'lgan deb taxmin qilishgan.^[6]

Madlen Buyuk Britaniyadan ota-onasi Keyt va Gerri Makken bilan ta'tilda bo'lgan; uning ikki yashar egizak ukalari; va bir guruh oilaviy do'stlar va ularning farzandlari. U va egizaklar soat 20:30 da pastki qavatdagi kvartirada uxlab qolishgan edi, Makkennlar va do'stlari 55 metr (180 fut) uzoqlikdagi restoranda ovqatlanishdi.^[7] Ota-onalar kechqurun bolalarni tekshirdilar, Kate 22:00 da yo'qolganini aniqlaguncha. Keyingi haftalarda, ayniqsa noto'g'ri talqin qilinganidan keyin Britaniyaning DNK tahlili, Portugaliya politsiyasi Madelein kvartirada baxtsiz hodisa tufayli vafot etgan va uning ota-onasi buni yashirgan deb ishongan. Makkennlarga berildi arguido (gumon qilinuvchi) maqomi 2007 yil sentyabr oyida, Portugaliyaning bosh prokurori 2008 yil iyul oyida dalil yo'qligi sababli ishni arxivlaganida bekor qilingan.^[8][9]

Ota-onalar tergovni xususiy detektivlar yordamida davom ettirdilar Shotland-Yard o'z so'rovini ochdi, Grange operatsiyasi, 2011 yilda. Katta tergov xodimi u g'oyib bo'lishni "notanish odamning jinoiy harakati" sifatida ko'rib chiqayotganini e'lon qildi, ehtimol rejalashtirilgan o'g'irlash yoki o'g'irlik noto'g'ri bo'lib ketgan.^[10] 2013 yilda Shotland-Yard ozod etildi e-fit ular izlamoqchi bo'lgan erkaklar tasvirlari, shu jumladan, o'sha kuni bolani sohil tomon olib ketayotganini ko'rgan kishidan biri.^[11] Ko'p o'tmay, Portugaliya politsiyasi tergovni qayta boshladi.^[12] "Grange" operatsiyasi 2015 yilda kengaytirilgan, ammo qolgan detektivlar 2017 yil aprel oyida muhim deb ta'riflangan oz sonli so'rovlarni davom ettirmoqdalar.^[13][14] 2020 yil iyun oyida Germaniya politsiyasi Braunshveyg Makkenning yo'qolib qolishida yangi gumonlanuvchi borligini aytdi.^[15][6]

Yo'qolish Buyuk Britaniyada doimiy xalqaro qiziqish uyg'otdi va to'yinganlikni eslatib turadi Diananing o'limi 1997 yilda.^[16] Makkennlar qizlarining o'limiga aloqadorligi to'g'risida qattiq tekshiruv va asossiz ayblovlarga duch kelishdi,^[a] ayniqsa tabloid matbuot va boshqalar Twitter.^[20][21] 2008 yilda ular va ularning hamrohlari zarar va uzr so'rashdi Ekspres gazetalari,^[22] va 2011 yilda Makkennlar oldin guvohlik berishdi Leveson so'rovi ingliz matbuotining noto'g'ri xatti-harakatlariga, qattiqroq bahslashayotganlarga yordam berish matbuotni tartibga solish.^[23][24]

Odamlar

Madeleine McCann

Portugaliya qizil rangda, Ispaniya sharqda va shimolda, Marokash janubga

Markaziy va janubiy Portugaliya, ko'rsatmoqda Praia da Luz va Portimo, ning mintaqaviy shtab-kvartirasi PJ

Madelein yilda tug'ilgan "Lester" va uning oilasi bilan yashagan Rotli, shuningdek, Lestershirda. Ota-onasining iltimosiga binoan u sud palatasi g'oyib bo'lganidan ko'p o'tmay Angliyada, bu sudga uning nomidan harakat qilish uchun qonuniy vakolat bergan.^[25] Politsiya Madlenni sarg'ish sochli, ko'k-yashil ko'zlari, chap buzog'idagi mayda jigarrang dog'i va o'ziga xos xususiyati bilan ta'rifladi qorong'i chiziq ustida ìrísí uning o'ng ko'zining.^[3][b] 2009 yilda Makkennlar chiqdi yoshga qarab u olti yoshga qanday qaragan bo'lishi mumkinligi tasvirlari va 2012 yilda Skotlend-Yard to'qqiz yoshida unga birini topshirgan.^[28][29]

Keyt va Gerri Makken

Madlenning ota-onasi ham shifokor, ham Rim katoliklari. Keyt Mari Makkenn, nee Xili (1968 yilda tug'ilgan, Xyuton, Liverpul yaqinida) Enfilddagi All Saints maktabida, so'ngra Everton vodiysidagi Notre Dame o'rta maktabida o'qigan va 1992 yilda tibbiyot fakultetida tibbiyot fakultetini tugatgan. Dandi universiteti. U qisqacha akusherlik va ginekologiya, so'ngra og'riqsizlantirish va nihoyat umumiy amaliyotga o'tdi.^[30]

Jerald Patrik Makken (1968 yilda tug'ilgan) Glazgo ) ishtirok etdi Holyrood R.C. O'rta maktab ni tugatmasdan oldin Glazgo universiteti 1989 yilda fiziologiya / sport fanlari bo'yicha bakalavr diplomiga ega. 1992 yilda tibbiyotga ixtisoslashgan va 2002 yilda o'z ilmiy malakasini olgan Tibbiyot fanlari doktori, shuningdek, Glazgodan. 2005 yildan beri u kardiolog-konsultant Glenfild kasalxonasi, "Lester".^[31] Makkennlar 1993 yilda Glazgoda uchrashishgan va 1998 yilda turmush qurishgan. Madlen 2003 yilda, egizaklar 2005 yilda o'g'il va qiz bilan tug'ilgan.^[32]

Tapas etti

Makkennlar etti ta do'sti va sakkizta farzandi, shu jumladan Makkennning uchalasi bilan ta'tilda edilar.^[33] To'qqiz nafar kattalar aksariyat oqshomlar soat 20:30 da dam olish maskanining tapas restoranida ovqatlanishdi, natijada OAV do'stlarini "Tapas etti" deb nomladi.^[34] Tapas yettilik tarkibiga Fiona va Devid Peyn, ikkalasi ham shifokorlar, ularning ikki farzandi va Fionaning onasi Dianne Uebster kirgan. Makkenns Peynsni bir necha yildan beri bilgan; Kate 2000 yilda ikkalasi ham ishlagan paytda Fiona bilan uchrashgan Lester umumiy kasalxonasi intensiv terapiya bo'limi.^[35] Ularga hamrohlik qilgan Peynlar dastlab Makkannlar bilan tanishtirgan ikkita juftlik bor edi: marketing bo'yicha menejer Jeyn Tanner va uning sherigi, ikki farzandi bilan ta'tilda bo'lgan shifokor Rassel O'Brayen va yana bir vrachi Metyu Oldfild. uning rafiqasi, huquqshunos Rachael Oldfild va ularning qizi bilan bo'lgan. Gerri, Rassel va Metyu yillar davomida birga ishlashgan.^[36][34] The "Tannerni ko'rish" - Jeyn Tannerning aytishicha, Madlen bedarak yo'qolganidan 45 daqiqa oldin kurortdan erkak bolani olib ketayotganini ko'rgan - bu ishning eng ko'p muhokama qilingan jihatlaridan biri bo'ldi.^[37]

5A Rua doktor Agostinyo da Silva, Praiya da Luz

Makkennlar 2007 yil 28 aprelda, bahorgi etti kecha ta'tiliga kelishdi Praia da Luz, minglab aholisi bo'lgan qishloq, ingliz uy egalari va dam oluvchilarning zich joylashganligi sababli "kichik Britaniya" deb nomlangan.^[38] Ular Britaniyaning dam olish kompaniyasi orqali buyurtma berishgan Mark Warner Ltd va 5A Rua Dr Agostinho da Silvaga joylashtirildi, bu Liverpuldan nafaqaga chiqqan o'qituvchiga tegishli, bu kompaniya ijaraga olgan bir nechta xususiy mulklardan biri.^[39]

5A, Mark Uornerning Ocean Club kurortining bir qismi atrofida joylashgan Waterside Village deb nomlanuvchi bir guruh kvartiralarning beshinchi blokidagi ikki xonali, zamin qavatidagi kvartira edi.^[40] Metyu va Reychel Oldfild 5B-da, 5D-da Jeyn Tanner va Rassel O'Brayen, birinchi qavatda Peyns va Dianne Uebsterlar edilar.^[41] Rua doktor Agostinyo da Silva va Rua doktor Fransisko Gentil Martinsning burchagida joylashgan 5A jamoatchilikka ikki tomondan kirish imkoniyatiga ega edi.^[42] Orqa tomonda joylashgan yashash xonasidagi verandaning toymasin toymasin eshiklari Ocean Club basseyniga, tennis kortlariga, tapas restoraniga va bariga e'tibor bermay qo'ydi. Verandaning eshiklariga jamoat ko'chasi Rua Dr Frantsisko Gentil Martins orqali kirish mumkin edi, u erda kichik eshik va zinapoyalar 5A balkoniga va yashash xonasiga olib borgan. 5A ning old eshigi Okean klubi qarshisida, Rua doktor Agostinyo da Silvada joylashgan edi.^[43][44]

Makkennning bolalari Makkennlar qulflab qo'ygan eshik oldidagi yotoqxonada uxladilar. Yotoq xonasida bitta, beli baland deraza, pardalari va tashqi metall panjurasi bor edi, ikkinchisi deraza ichidagi shnur bilan boshqarilardi; Makkennlar bayram davomida parda va kepenkni yopiq ushlab turishdi. Deraza tor ko'chadan va pasttekis devor bilan ko'chadan ajratilgan aholi avtoturargohiga e'tibor bermay qo'ydi.^[45] Madlen yotoqxona eshigi yonidagi bitta karavotda, xonaning derazadan qarama-qarshi tomonida uxlardi, egizaklar xonaning o'rtasida sayohat karyolalarida edilar. Deraza tagida yana bitta karavot bor edi.^[43]

2007 yil 3-may, payshanba

20:30: Tapas restorani

3-may, payshanba, oilaning eng so'nggi ta'til kuni edi. Nonushta paytida Madlen: "Nega kelmadingiz [ukasi] va men kecha yig'lab yubordik?" Yo'qolgandan so'ng, ota-onasi bu bolalar yotoqxonasiga kimdir kirib kelgan degani emasmi, deb hayron bo'lishdi. Onasi, shuningdek, Madeleinning pijamasi tepasida katta jigarrang dog'ni payqadi.^[46]

Bolalar ertalab dam olish maskanining Bolalar klubida bo'lishdi, keyin hovuzga borishdan oldin oila o'z kvartirasida tushlik qildi.^[43] Keyt Madeleinning so'nggi ma'lum fotosuratini o'sha kuni tushdan keyin soat 2: 29da otasi va ikki yashar singlisi yonidagi hovuz bo'yida o'tirgan.^[47] Bolalar bolalar klubiga qaytib kelishdi, keyin soat 18:00 da onasi ularni 5A ga qaytarib oldi, otasi esa tennis darsiga bordi.^[43] Makkennlar bolalarni soat 19:00 atrofida yotqizishdi. Madlen qisqa yengli, pushti va oq rangda uxlab qoldi Marklar va Spenser "s Eeyore pijama, uning yonida shinam adyol va yumshoq o'yinchoq, Cuddle Cat.^[48]

Soat 20: 30da ota-onalar hovuzning narigi tomonida joylashgan Ocean Club ochiq havoda joylashgan tapas restoranida do'stlari bilan ovqatlanish uchun 5A dan ketishdi.^[49] 5A restorandan 55 metr (160 fut) uzoqlikda joylashgan qarg'a uchib ketganday Ammo restoranga etib borish Ocean Club oromgohi eshigiga etib borish uchun jamoat ko'chasi bo'ylab yurishni, so'ngra dam olish maskani orqali hovuzning narigi tomoniga, taxminan 82 metr masofani bosib o'tishni o'z ichiga oladi.^[7] Kvartiraning tepasi tapas restoranidan ko'rinib turardi, lekin eshiklar emas edi. Verandaning eshiklarini faqat ichkaridan qulflash mumkin edi, shuning uchun Makkennlar ularni yopiq, ammo ochilgan holda, pardalari chizilgan holda qoldirishdi, shuning uchun ular bolalarni tekshirishda o'zlarini shu tarzda qo'yib yuborishlari mumkin edi. Verandadan zinapoyaning yuqori qismida bolalar xavfsizligi eshigi, pastki qismida esa ko'chaga olib boruvchi past darvoza bor edi.^[49]

Dam olish maskanining xodimlari suzish havzasini qabul qilish joyida xabarlar kitobida yozuv qoldirib, kvartiralarni nazardan chetda qoldirgan o'sha stolni so'nggi to'rt oqshomda Makkenn va do'stlari uchun har kuni 20:30 ga blokirovka qilishni iltimos qildilar. bayram. Xabarda aytilishicha, guruh bolalari kvartiralarda uxlab yotgan. Madlenning onasi o'g'irlab ketgan kishi notani ko'rgan bo'lishi mumkin deb hisoblaydi.^[50] Makkennlar va ularning do'stlari taxminan har yarim soatda o'z farzandlarini tekshirish uchun restorandan chiqib ketishdi. Madlenning otasi soat 21:05 atrofida 5A da birinchi tekshiruvni o'tkazdi. Bolalar uxladilar va hamma narsa yaxshi edi, faqat u bolalar yotoqxonasining eshigini biroz ochib qo'yganini esladi va endi u deyarli ochiq holda turdi. U restoranga qaytib kelishdan oldin uni yana yopib qo'ydi.^[49]

21:15: Tannerni ko'rish

Rassomning Jeyn Tanner ko'rgan odam haqidagi taassuroti, 2007 yil oktyabr oyida nashr etilgan; Skotlend-Yard bu qizini ko'tarib yurgan britaniyalik turist bo'lgan deb hisoblaydi.^[51][52]

O'sha kuni kechqurun bolani ko'tarib yurgan odamni "Seven Seven" dan biri bo'lgan Jeyn Tanner ko'rishi dastlabki tergovning muhim qismiga aylandi. U soat 21: 00dan keyin o'z qizini tekshirish uchun restoranni tark etib, Madelinning otasi Rua Dr Frantsisko Gentil Martinsga etib borib, restoranga soat 21: 05da qaytayotganda qaytgan. U ingliz dam oluvchisi bilan suhbatlashish uchun to'xtab qoldi,^[53] ammo ikkala odam ham Tannerni ko'rganini eslamadi. Bu narsa Portugaliyaning politsiyasini hayratda qoldirdi, chunki ko'chaning torligi va ularni Tannerni ko'rishni ixtiro qilganlikda ayblashlariga olib keldi.^[54]

Tanner politsiyaga soat 21:15 atrofida Rua Dr Frantsisko Gentil Martins va Rua Dr Agostinyo da Silvaning oldidan o'tib ketayotgan yosh bolani ko'targan odamni ko'rganini aytdi. U Madlen yotoqxonasidan unchalik uzoq bo'lmagan, sharq tomon, 5A-kvartiraning old tomoniga qarab ketayotgan edi.^[55] Tergovning dastlabki kunlarida u yurgan yo'nalishi muhim deb hisoblangan, chunki u uyiga qarab harakat qilgan. Robert Murat, 5A kvartira yaqinida yashagan va ishning birinchi gumon qilinuvchisi bo'lgan 33 yoshli ingliz-portugaliyalik.^[56][57][58]

Erkakning qo'lidagi bola ochiq rangli pushti rangli pijama kiyib, guldastasi naqshli va oyoqlarida manlenlarga o'xshash manjetlar bo'lgan. Tanner bu kishini oq, qora sochli, bo'yi 1,70 m (janubi Evropa yoki O'rta er dengizi ko'rinishida, 35-40 yoshda, oltin yoki bej rangli shim va qorong'i ko'ylagi kiygan) odam deb ta'rifladi va ko'rinmasligini aytdi. sayyoh kabi. Keytning so'zlariga ko'ra, Tanner portugaliyalik politsiyaga Madlen yo'qolganligi to'g'risida xabar yuborishi bilanoq ma'lumot uzatgan, ammo ular 25 mayga qadar ommaviy axborot vositalariga bu ta'rifni berishmagan.^[59] Madeleine's Fund 2007 yil oktyabr oyida chiqarilgan odamning obrazini yaratish uchun sud ekspertini yollagan.^[60][61]

Ko'rish muhim ahamiyatga ega bo'ldi, chunki tergovchilarga o'g'irlash uchun muddat taklif qildi, ammo Skotlend-Yard buni uni qizil seld.^[51] 2013 yil oktyabr oyida ular Britaniyalik sayyoh Tanner ko'rgan odam ekanligi aniqlandi; u qizini Ocean Club tungi kreşidan yig'ib olib, kvartirasiga qaytayotgan edi.^[62] Skotlend-Yard tunda kiygan kiyimiga bir xil yoki o'xshash kiyim kiygan va Tanner xabar berganiga o'xshash holatda turgan odamni suratga oldi. Uning qizi kiygan pijama ham Tannerning hisobotiga to'g'ri keldi. "Grange" operatsiyasining etakchi detektivi, DCI Endi Redvudning aytishicha, ular Tannerni ko'rish o'g'irlash bilan bog'liq emasligiga "deyarli aniq".^[51][63]

22:00: Smitni ko'rish

Elektron mos tomonidan chiqarilgan Smitni ko'rish tasvirlari Shotland-Yard 2013 yilda^[11]

Tannerni ko'rish vaqtini belgilash uchun juda muhim bo'lgan rad etish tergovchilarga o'sha kecha bolani ko'tarib yurgan odamni ko'rishga yana bir bor e'tibor qaratishlariga imkon berdi, bu 2007 yil 26 mayda Praia da da bo'lgan Martin va Meri Smit tomonidan Portugaliya politsiyasiga xabar berishdi. Luz Irlandiyadan ta'tilda.^[64] Skotlend-Yard 2013 yilda Smitni ko'rish Madlenni o'g'irlashning taxminiy vaqtini taklif qilgan degan xulosaga keldi.^[11][65]

Smitlar bu odamni soat 22:00 atrofida Ruka da Eskola Primariyasida, Makkannsning kvartirasidan 500 metr (460 m) uzoqlikda, Okean klubidan uzoqlashib, Rua 25 de Abril va plyaj tomon ketayotganini ko'rishgan. Uning qo'lida 3-4 yoshli qiz bor edi. Uning sariq sochlari va oppoq terisi, ochiq rangli pijama va yalang oyoqlari bor edi. Erkak 30-yillarning o'rtalarida, 5 ft 7 dyuymda (1,75-1,80 m), vazni normadan yupqa, sochlari kalta, jigarrang va sarg'ish shim kiygan. U Smitlarga ko'ra, sayyohga o'xshamasdi va bolani ko'tarishda noqulay tuyulardi.^[66][67] Elektron mos keladi Smitlar guvohligi asosida birinchi bo'lib 2008 yilda Makkenn tomonidan yollangan xususiy tergovchilar Oakley International tomonidan tuzilgan va 2013 yilda Skotlend-Yard tomonidan e'lon qilingan. Crimewatch.^[68]

22:00: Yo'qolganlar haqida xabar berilgan

Madlenning onasi soat 21: 30da bolalarni tekshirishni niyat qilgan edi, ammo 5-sonli uyning yonidagi kvartirada o'z bolalarini tekshirganda, "Tapas Seven" dan biri bo'lgan Metyu Oldfild buni taklif qildi. U Makkennning bolalarining yotoqxonasi eshigi keng ochilganini payqadi, ammo shovqin eshitmagach, u yotoqxonaga Madlenning bor-yo'qligini bilish uchun etarlicha uzoqroq qaramasdan 5A dan chiqib ketdi. U shu payt yotoqxonaning derazasi va uning tashqi panjarasi ochiq yoki yo'qligini eslay olmadi. Tergovning boshida, Portugaliya politsiyasi Oldfildni tekshiruvni o'tkazishga ixtiyoriy ravishda qatnashganligi uchun aybladi va unga Madlenni yotoqxona oynasi orqali kimgadir topshirganini taklif qildi.^[43][69]

Kate soat 22:00 atrofida o'zini 5A tekshiruvidan o'tkazdi. 2013 yilda Skotlend-Yardning aytishicha, Madelein bundan bir necha daqiqa oldin olingan.^[70] Keyt kvartiraga orqa tomondan ochilgan veranda eshiklari orqali kirganini esladi va bolalar yotoqxonasi eshigi ochiq bo'lganini payqadi. U eshikni yopmoqchi bo'lganida, u xuddi qoralama bor ekan, xuddi yotoqxonaning derazasi va uning panjarasi ochiq ekanligini ko'rdi. Madlenning mushuk mushugi va pushti adyol hali ham to'shakda edi, ammo Madelein yo'q edi. Kvartirada qisqa vaqt qidirib topgach, Keyt "Madlen ketdi! Uni kimdir olib ketdi!" Deb qichqirgancha orqaga qarab restoran tomon yugurdi.^[71]

22: 10lar atrofida Madlenning otasi Metyu Oldfildni kurortning qabulxonasidan politsiyani chaqirishni so'radi va 22:30 da dam olish maskani yo'qolgan bolalarni qidirish protokolini faollashtirdi.^[72] Oltmish nafar xodim va mehmonlar dastlab Madlen adashgan deb taxmin qilib, soat 04: 30gacha qidirishdi. Ulardan biri 4-kanalga aytdi Jo'natmalar Luzning bir chetidan ikkinchi chetigacha uning ismini chaqirayotganlarni eshitishingiz mumkin edi.^[73]

Erta javob

Portugaliya politsiyasi

Dan ikki zobit jandarma, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), soat 23: 10da kurortga etib keldi Lagos, besh mil (8 km) uzoqlikda.^[74] Yarim tunda, qisqa qidiruvdan so'ng, ular jinoiy politsiyani ogohlantirdilar Polícia Judiciária (PJ), yaqin atrofda Portimo. Keyt Makkannning aytishicha, PJ soat 01:00 dan keyin kelgan.^[75] PJ ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, ular ogohlantirilgandan keyin 10 daqiqada etib kelishgan.^[76] Soat 02: 00da kurortga ikkita patrul iti va soat 08: 00da to'rtta qidiruv-qutqaruv itlari olib kelindi.^[77] Politsiya xodimlarining ta'tillari bekor qilindi va suv yo'llari, quduqlar, g'orlar, kanalizatsiya va xarobalarni qidirishni boshladi.^[38][78] Tekshiruvchi Gonchalo Amaral, Portimandagi PJ rahbari, surishtiruv koordinatoriga aylandi.^[79]

Yo'qolgandan ko'p o'tmay "oltin soatlar" deb nomlangan davrda xatolarga yo'l qo'yilganligi keng e'tirof etildi. Ko'p soat davomida na chegara va na dengiz politsiyasiga Madlenning ta'rifi berilmagan va ofitserlar uyma-uy qidirishmagan.^[80][81] Keytning so'zlariga ko'ra, to'siqlar birinchi navbatda ertasi kuni ertalab soat 10:00 da qo'yilgan.^[66] Yo'qolgan kecha Praia da Luzdan chiqib ketayotgan transport vositalari yoki Lagos bilan yo'l o'rtasidagi transport vositalarining kuzatuv rasmlarini politsiya so'ramadi. Vila Real de Santo António Ispaniya chegarasida. Yo'lni kuzatuvchi "Euroscut" kompaniyasi ularga ma'lumot olish uchun murojaat qilishmaganini aytdi.^[82] Bu oldi Interpol besh kun global nashr qilish bedarak yo'qolgan odam haqida ogohlantirish.^[66]

O'sha paytda kurortda bo'lganlarning hammasi ham intervyu olmagan; dam oluvchilar keyinchalik hech kim ular bilan gaplashmaganligini aytish uchun Britaniya politsiyasiga murojaat qilishdi.^[81] Hodisa joyi ta'minlanmagan. Politsiya Madeleinning yotoqxonasidan namunalar olib, ular Portugaliyadagi uchta sud-tibbiy laboratoriyalariga yuborilgan. 2007 yil 1 iyunda bitta "begona" dan DNK topilganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi, ammo 20-ga yaqin odam 5A xonadonga yopilishidan oldin kirib kelgan edi, dedi PJ bosh inspektori Olegario de Sousa.^[83][54] Madlenning onasining so'zlariga ko'ra, ofitser bolalar yotoqxonasi eshigi oldida lentani joylashtirgan, ammo soat 03:00 da kvartirani qo'riqlamay chiqib ketgan.^[75] 2008 yilda chiqarilgan PJ ish materiallari, 5A yo'qolganidan keyin bir oy davomida bo'sh yotganligini, keyin 2007 yil avgust oyida ko'proq sud-tibbiy ekspertizalari o'tkazish uchun muhrlanmasdan oldin sayyohlarga yuborilganligini ko'rsatdi.^[39][84] Shunga o'xshash holat kvartira tashqarisida paydo bo'ldi. 5A eshigi yonida to'plangan olomon, shu jumladan bolalar yotoqxonasi derazasi yonida, u orqali o'g'irlab ketgan kishi kirgan yoki kirgan bo'lishi mumkin - dalillarni oyoq osti qilmoqda.^[85] Zobit yotoq xonasi derazasining tashqi panjarasini barmoq izlari uchun qo'lqop va boshqa himoya kiyimlarini kiymasdan chang bilan tozalagan.^[54]

Praia da Luzning panoramali ko'rinishi, 2015 yil fevral

Britaniya politsiyasi

Buyuk Britaniyada Madeleinning uy kuchlari, Lestershir politsiyasi - Bosh Konstebl tomonidan aytilgan Mett Baggott - bu inglizlarning javobini muvofiqlashtirishi kerak edi, garchi bu Portugaliyaning so'rovi bo'lib qoldi.^[86] Strategik muvofiqlashtiruvchi guruh yoki "oltin" guruhi, birgalikda tashkil etildi, Leicestershire politsiya vakili, the Jiddiy uyushgan jinoyatchilik agentligi (SOCA), Bolalarni ekspluatatsiya qilish va onlayn himoya qilish markazi (CEOP) va Milliy politsiyani takomillashtirish agentligi. PJ Buyuk Britaniyadan kelgan jamoaga ishlash uchun xona ajratib berdi, ammo aftidan ularning borligidan norozi. Britaniya politsiyasi o'z ma'lumotlarini berishga odatlangan edi HOLMES 2 (Ichki Ishlar Vazirligining Buyuk So'rovlar Tizimi). Portugaliyada ma'lumotlar qutilarga to'plangan. Bundan tashqari, PJ Buyuk Britaniyadagi politsiyaga qaraganda kamroq avtonomiyaga ega edi, ko'pincha magistratlarning qarorlarini kutish kerak edi, bu esa ishni sekinlashtirdi. Uchun intervyuda Entoni Summers 'va Robbyn Swan kitobi Madelein qidiryapsizlar (2014), Jim Gambl, o'sha paytdagi CEOP rahbari, Portugaliya politsiyasi o'zlariga berilib ketayotganini his qilganini va inglizlar "mustamlaka kuchi" rolini bajarayotganini aytdi.^[87]

Media va PR

Xizmat Rotli, Makkannsning uyi, 2007 yil 17 mayda

PJ xodimi 2010 yilda Portugaliya politsiyasi Makkannlardan boshidanoq "media sirk" tufayli shubhali bo'lganini tan oldi.^[88] Gerri Makkenning so'zlariga ko'ra Vanity Fair 2008 yilda u Madlenni jamoatchilik e'tiborida qoldirish uchun uni "bozorga" chiqarishga qaror qilgan edi. Shu maqsadda Praia da Luzga jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar o'rnatgan bir qator odamlar kelib, mahalliy politsiya tomonidan qattiq xafa bo'lib, ommaviy axborot vositalarining e'tiborini samarasiz deb hisoblashdi.^[38] Britaniyaning PR firmasi Aleks Vulfol Bell Pottinger Mark Warner Ltd vakili bo'lib, birinchi o'n kun ichida ommaviy axborot vositalari bilan ish olib bordi, keyin Britaniya hukumati matbuot xodimlarini yubordi. Bu, ehtimol, misli ko'rilmagan edi.^[89]

Birinchi hukumat matbuot xodimi Sheree Dodd edi, u ilgari Daily Mirror jurnalist, undan keyin media monitoringi bo'yicha direktor Klarens Mitchell tomonidan ta'qib qilingan Markaziy ma'lumot idorasi.^[90] Hukumat Mitchelni qaytarib olgach, Makkenns Xustin Makginnessni yolladi, u xabarlarga ko'ra bu ish uchun boshdan ozgan. U ketgach, Hannover kommunikatsiyalari avval Charlz Levington boshchiligida qisqa vaqtni egallab oldi Jon Major shaxsiy kotib.^[91][90] 2007 yil sentyabr oyida Brayan Kennedi Everest Windows xayrixoh sifatida oldinga qadam qo'ydi va qaytib kelishi uchun Klarens Mitchellning maoshini qoplashni taklif qildi. Mitchell hukumat lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi va Makkennsda doimiy ishlay boshladi; keyinchalik u Madeleine's Fund tomonidan to'langan.^[4][92]

Makkenlar tashkil etishdi Madeleine's Fund: toshsiz qoldirmaslik Ltd pul va xabardorlikni oshirish uchun 2007 yil 15 mayda; veb-sayti dastlabki ikki kun ichida 58 million xitni jalb qildi.^[93] May va iyun oylari davomida er-xotinning PR jamoasi jurnalistlarga yangiliklar qozig'ini berish uchun tadbirlar tashkil etdi. Portugaliyaning shahariga tashrif buyurdi Fotima, qaerda uchta bola xabar bergan edi Marianning ko'rinishi 1917 yilda,^[38] shuningdek Gollandiya, Germaniya, Ispaniyaga sayohatlar,^[94] va Marokash.^[95] 2007 yil 30 mayda jurnalistlar hamrohligida er-xotin Rimga - Sirga uchib ketishdi Filipp Yashil "s Learjet - uchrashish Papa Benedikt XVI,^[38] Kardinal tomonidan uyushtirilgan tashrif Kormak Merfi-O'Konnor, Vestminster arxiyepiskopi.^[94] Keyingi oy dunyoning 300 shahrida havo sharlari uchirildi.^[96] Iyun oyining boshlarida jurnalistlar o'z tashvishlarini bildirishdi; "buning aniq professionalligi ... muammoli jurnalistlar" Metyu Parris.^[97] Britaniyalik gazetaning birinchi sahifasida Madelein-ni joylashtirish qo'shimcha 30000 nusxada sotilishi mumkin edi.^[38] U muqovada paydo bo'ldi Odamlar jurnal 2007 yil 28 mayda,^[98] deyarli olti oy davomida har kuni bir nechta ingliz tabloidlarining birinchi sahifasida va ulardan biri sifatida Sky News menyu variantlari: "UK News", "Madeleine", "World News".^[38][99] 2007 yil may va 2008 yil iyul oylari orasida Portugaliyaning tabloid nashri Correio da Manhã u haqida 384 ta maqola chop etdi.^[100] 2008 yil iyun oyiga qadar uning ismini YouTube-da izlash natijasida 3680 dan ortiq video va etti million post qaytib keldi.^[101]

Birinchi portugaliyalik so'rov (2007-2008)

Birinchidan arguido

Xronologiya
2007–2019 2007 Aprel 28Makkennlar va uning do'stlari (ikkinchisi "Tapas etti" deb nomlanuvchi) Ocean Club-ga kelishadi, Praia da Luz. Makkenn bergan kvartira 5A, Rua doktor Agostinyo da Silva. v. 30: Xodimlar ko'rinadigan yozuvni qoldiring suzish havzasidagi ziyofatda, dam olish maskanidagi tapas restoranidagi stolni har kuni Makkenns va Tapas Seven uchun 20:30 ga yozib qo'yishlarini so'rashadi, chunki ular o'z farzandlarini kvartiralarda qoldirishmoqda. Restoran 5A dan 82 metr yurish masofasida (295 fut). 3 may 14:29: Kate Madeleinning so'nggi mashhur fotosuratini hovuz bo'yida suratga oldi. 20:30: McCanns va Tapas Seven tapas restoraniga borishadi. 21:05: Gerri 5Adagi bolalarni tekshiradi. 21:15: "Tannerni ko'rish": "Seven Seven" dan Jeyn Tanner bolani ko'tarib yurgan odamni ko'rmoqda. 21:30: "Metyu Oldfild" "Tapas" ning ettinchi qismi 5Adagi bolalarni tekshiradi, lekin yotoqxonaga to'liq qaramaydi. 22:00: "Smitni ko'rish": Martin Smit va oila bolani ko'tarib yurgan odamni ko'rishmoqda. 22:00: Kate bolalarni tekshiradi; Madelein yo'qolganligi haqida xabar beradi. 22:10–22:30: Resort politsiyani ogohlantiradi. 23:10: Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) etib keladi. Yarim tunda: GNR ogohlantirish Polícia Judiciária (PJ). 4 may 01:00: PJ keladi. 04:30: Dam olish maskanining xodimlari va mehmonlari kun yorug'igacha qidirishni to'xtatadilar. Keyinchalik: Makkenns birinchi televizion murojaat bilan chiqdi. 9-30 may 9: Britaniya politsiyasi Praia da Luzga etib keldi. v. 11: Anonim xayrixoh yollaydi Xatarlarni boshqarish Makkennlar uchun. 15: Robert Murat qilingan arguido; uning uyida tintuv o'tkazilmoqda. 15: Makkenn o'rnatildi Madeleinning jamg'armasi. 26: Martin Smit PJga bayonot berdi Smitni ko'rish. 27: Makkenn Renault Scenic-ni ijaraga oladi. 28: Madeleine birinchi sahifada paydo bo'ladi Odamlar. 30: Makkenns Papa bilan uchrashadi. Iyun 6: Nemis jurnalisti Makkannsdan ularning aloqasi bor-yo'qligini so'raydi. 10: Makkenns ma'lumot olish uchun murojaat qilish uchun Marokashga uchib ketadi. 30: Birinchi maqola Makkennsga tanqidiy munosabat paydo bo'ldi Chap, Portugalcha haftalik. Iyul 31: Britaniyalik sniff itlar Praia da Luzga etib kelishdi. Avgust 2: PJ Makkannsning ijaraga olgan uyidagi narsalarni, shu jumladan Keytning kundaligini olib tashlaydi. 3: Sniffer iti 5A reaksiyaga kirishmoqda. 6: PJ Makkennning ijaraga olingan mashinasini qamab qo'ydi. 6: Sniffer iti Makkennning mashinasiga va boshqa narsalarga munosabat bildirmoqda. 7: DNK sinovlari uchun ingliz laboratoriyasiga yuborilgan material. Sentyabr 3: DNK testlari noaniq. 7: PJ Makkenni yaratadi arguidos. 7: PJ bilan suhbat Kate va Gerry; Keyt savollarga javob berishdan bosh tortdi. 9: Makkenn Buyuk Britaniyaga qaytadi. Noma'lum: Martin Smit, of "Smitni ko'rish", Gerrining o'g'lini samolyotdan olib ketayotganini ko'radi va Britaniya politsiyasiga bu Praia da Luzda ko'rgan odam ekanligiga ishonishini aytadi. Keyinchalik u adashganligini qabul qiladi. 10: Madlenning DNKsi Makkannsning ijaraga olingan mashinasida topilganligi haqida PJ ma'lumotlari. 11: Quyosh: "Brit Lab Bombshell: Avtomobil DNKsi 100% Maddiga tegishli". 12: Biznesmen Brayan Kennedi xususiy tergovni moliyalashtirish uchun xayr-ehson qiluvchi sifatida qadam tashlaydi. Noma'lum: Kennedi Klarens Mitchellni Makkannsning vakili sifatida mablag 'bilan ta'minlaydi. Kech: Makkannsning iltimosiga binoan Buyuk Britaniyada Kate va egizaklar dori-darmonlardan sinovdan o'tkazildi; natijalar salbiy. Oktyabr 2: PJ bosh inspektori Gonsalo Amaral Portugaliyalik surishtiruvdan olib tashlandi. 26: Gazetalarda Makkanns nashr etiladi Tannerni ko'rish eskiz 2008 Mart 23: Makkenns to'rtta gazetadan 550 ming funt sterling miqdorida zarar va birinchi sahifada uzr so'raydi. Aprel: PJning iltimosiga binoan Linkolnshir politsiyasi tomonidan o'tkazilgan Tapas Seven. Kech: Makkenns ijaraga Oakley International; Oakley Smit e-fitslarini ishlab chiqaradi, ular chiqarilmaydi. Aprel 8: Tapas Seven Buyuk Britaniyada intervyu oldi; PJ ishtirok etadi. Iyul 17: Robert Murat va uning do'stlari 600 ming funt sterling miqdorida tovon puli oladi va keyingi kunlarda 13 gazeta uzr so'raydi. 21: Portugaliyaning Bosh prokurori tergovni yopmoqda. 24: Gonchalo Amaral kitob nashr etmoqda Makkennni aloqadorlikda ayblash. Kech: Keytning Portugaliyada nashr etilgan kundaligi. Avgust 4: Portugaliyaning Ministério Publico PJ ishi materiallarini e'lon qildi. Sentyabr 14: Dunyo yangiliklari Buyuk Britaniyada Keytning kundaligini nashr etadi. 2009 Noma'lum: Makkenn Deyv Edgarni, xususiy tergovchini yollaydi. 1 may: Makkenn yoshga qarab tasvirni chiqaradi. May: Gonchalo Amaral, surishtiruvning sobiq koordinatori, boshqa ish bo'yicha yolg'on guvohlik berish uchun sudlangan. 9 sentyabr: Makkenns Amaral kitobiga qarshi buyruq oldi. Noma'lum: Makkenns Buyuk Britaniyaning uy kotibi bilan uchrashdi Alan Jonson ko'rib chiqishni talab qilish. Jonson Jim Gamblning boshlig'i tomonidan "qamrov hisobotini" topshiradi CEOP buyrug'i. 2010 Mar: Britaniya Ichki ishlar vazirligi ko'rib chiqishni muhokama qilmoqda Politsiya bosh ofitserlari assotsiatsiyasi. May: Gamble-ning qamrov bo'yicha hisoboti ko'rib chiqishni tavsiya qiladi. 19 oktyabr: Lissabon sudi Amaralga kitoblarni taqiqlashni bekor qildi. 2011 28-aprel: Bantam Press-relizlari Madelein Kate Makkann tomonidan. Mar: PJ ishni ko'rib chiqishni boshlaydi. 11 may: Keytning kitobini seriyalash paytida, Quyosh Britaniya politsiyasini tekshirishni talab qilgan ochiq xatni e'lon qiladi. Uy kotibi Tereza Mey Bosh direktori bilan telefon orqali gaplashadi Xalqaro yangiliklar va muharriri Quyosh. 12 may: Bosh Vazir Devid Kemeron e'lon qiladi Shotland-Yard ko'rib chiqish, Grange operatsiyasi, 29 detektiv bilan. 23-noyabr: Makkenns guvohlik beradi Leveson so'rovi matbuot standartlariga. 2012 25-aprel: Shotland-Yard nashrlari yoshga qarab tasvir. 2013 12 sentyabr: Makkenns va Amaralga qarshi tuhmat ishlari bo'yicha sudlar boshlanadi. 14 oktyabr: Shotland-Yard–Crimewatch rekonstruktsiya qilish, bu vaqt ichida 2008 yilda Smit elektron moslamalari birinchi marta chiqarildi. 24 oktyabr: PJ so'rovni qayta oching. 2014 19 mart: Shotland-Yard yana bir murojaat bilan chiqdi. Iyun: Britaniyalik va portugaliyalik politsiya Praia da Luzda tashlandiq joylarda qazishmoqda. Iyul: Portugaliyada intervyu bergan gumondorlar va guvohlar. Dekabr: Portugaliyada ko'proq intervyular. 2015 28-aprel: Makkenns Amaraldan zararni yutadi; kitob yana taqiqlandi. Oktyabr: Grange operatsiyasi to'rt detektivgacha qisqartirildi. 2016 20-aprel: Amaral tuhmat shikoyatida g'olib chiqdi; kitob taqiqlari bekor qilindi. Aprel: Buyuk Britaniyaning ichki ishlar vaziri qolgan so'rovlarni moliyalashtirish uchun 95 ming funt sterlingni tasdiqlaydi. Iyun: "Grange" operatsiyasi qurboni Klement Freyd Praia da Luzda uy egasi bo'lgan. 2017 1 fevral: Makkenns Portugaliyaning Oliy sudida Amaralga qarshi tuhmat shikoyatini yo'qotdi. Sudning ta'kidlashicha, Makkenns 2008 yilda tozalanmagan. Mart: Buyuk Britaniyaning ichki ishlar vaziri so'rovni moliyalashtirish uchun yana 85000 funt sterlingni tasdiqlaydi. Aprel: Britaniya politsiyasi "muhim surishtiruv yo'nalishi" ni ta'qib qilayotganini aytmoqda. 2018 Noyabr: Buyuk Britaniyaning ichki ishlar vaziri qo'shimcha so'rovni 11,75 million funt sterlinggacha olib, 150 ming funt sterlingni tasdiqlaydi. 2019 Mart: Skotlend-Yard mablag'ni 2020 yil martigacha qoplashni so'raydi. 15 mart: Netflix relizlar Madlen Makkannning yo'qolishi, sakkiz qismli seriyali. 2020 Iyun: Germaniya politsiyasi ushbu ish bo'yicha Germaniyada qamoqqa olingan jinsiy jinoyatchini tergov qilayotganini e'lon qildi.

Yo'qolganidan o'n ikki kun o'tgach, 34 yoshli ingliz-portugal mulk maslahatchisi Robert Murat birinchi bo'ldi arguido.^[102][103] Tug'ilgan Hammersmith, Londonning g'arbiy qismida, Murat onasining uyida yashagan, Casa Liliana, 5A kvartiradan 150 yard (137 m) masofada joylashgan odam Tannerni ko'rish yurgan edi.^[102] U an arguido a keyin Sunday Mirror jurnalist politsiyaga ish yuzasidan so'raganini aytdi. PJ uni qisqa vaqt ichida rasmiy tarjimon sifatida ro'yxatdan o'tkazgan edi; u yordam berishni xohlaganligini aytdi, chunki uning Angliyada Madeleine yoshida qizi bo'lgan.^[104][105]

Uch a'zosi Tapas etti —Fiona Peyn, Rassel O'Brayen va Rachael Oldfild - ular yo'q bo'lib ketganidan ko'p o'tmay Muratni 5A xonadan tashqarida ko'rishganini, Ocean Club enagasi va ikki britaniyalik sayyoh ham ko'rishganini aytishdi. Muratning 5A ga qanchalik yaqin yashaganini hisobga olsak, bu ajablanarli emas edi, lekin u va onasi u butun oqshom uyda bo'lganligini aytdi.^[106][107] Makkenn doirasi Muroddan shubhali edi: Makkennning tarafdorlaridan biri, agar Bilton matbuot paketi Murot haqida nima deyayotgani haqida xabar bersa, Bi-bi-si muxbiri Richard Biltonga "ishdagi har qanday yangi voqealarga eksklyuziv kirish" ni taklif qildi.^[108] 2007 yil 15 maydan boshlab Muratning uyida tintuv o'tkazildi, basseyn quritildi, mashinalari, kompyuterlari, telefonlari va video lentalari tekshirildi, bog'i yer radarlari va hidlash itlari yordamida tintuv qilindi va uning ikki sherigi so'roq qilindi.^[102][109] 2008 yil mart oyida ushbu sheriklardan biri so'zi bilan mashinasini yoqib yuborgan fala ("gapirish") yulka ustiga qizil rangga sepilgan.^[110]

Yo'qolish bilan Muratni yoki uning do'stlarini bog'laydigan hech narsa yo'q edi, va Muratnikiga arguido holati 2008 yil 21-iyulda ish arxivlanganida olib tashlangan.^[8] 2008 yil aprel oyida u tuhmat qilgani uchun suddan tashqari hisob-kitoblarda 600 ming funt sterling oldi Kuzatuvchi Buyuk Britaniyada bitta shaxs tomonidan bitta masala bo'yicha tuhmat qilish uchun qilingan eng katta tuhmat harakatlarining soni; uning do'stlari har biriga 100000 funtdan olishdi.^[111] 2014 yil iyul oyida, davomida Grange operatsiyasi, o'sha do'stlardan biri yana guvoh sifatida so'roq qilindi, bu safar PJ Shotland Yard nomidan.^[112] O'sha yilning dekabrida Murat va uning rafiqasi, shuningdek, Sotland-Yard nomidan va yana sakkiz kishi so'roq qilingan.^[113] 2017 yilda Muratning onasi Jenni Murat o'sha tunda 5A atrofida shubhali voqealarga guvoh bo'lganlarga ovozini qo'shdi: u Bi-bi-siga u shu kecha 5A kvartiradan o'tib ketganini va olxo'ri rangidagi tepada yosh ayolning o'zini tutayotganini ko'rganligini aytdi. shubhali, uning tashqarisida, u o'sha paytda politsiyaga o'tganligini aytgan ma'lumot. U shuningdek, kichkina jigarrang ijaraga olingan mashinani kvartiraga qarab tez yurib ketayotganini, bir tomonlama ko'chada noto'g'ri harakatlanayotganini ko'rganini aytdi.^[114]

Guvohlarning bayonotlari

Guvohlar PJga bergan bayonotlarida, g'oyib bo'lishdan bir necha kun oldin va o'zi bo'lgan kuni 5A kvartira yonida erkaklarning g'alati o'zini tutishini tasvirlashgan. Skotlend-Yard bu odamlar shug'ullangan bo'lishi mumkin deb ishondi razvedka o'g'irlash yoki o'g'irlik uchun. 2007 yil yanvar-may oylari oralig'ida o'g'rilik holatlari to'rt baravar ko'paygan, shu jumladan g'oyib bo'lishdan 17 kun oldin Makkenns blokidagi ikkitasi, shu vaqt ichida o'g'rilar derazadan kirib kelishgan.^[51][115] Bir nechta guvohlar xayriya uchun yig'ilgan erkaklar haqida xabar berishdi. 20-aprel kuni, ko'rpa-to'shakka o'xshagan erkak 5A yaqinidagi kvartirasida turistdan yaqin atrofdagi bolalar uyi uchun pul so'radi Espiche; aftidan o'sha paytda Espiche va uning yaqinida hech qanday mehribonlik uylari yoki shunga o'xshash narsalar yo'q edi. Guvoh odamni bosqinchi va qo'rqinchli deb ta'riflagan.^[116] 25 yoki 26 aprel kunlari Makkannlardan oldin 5A kvartirani ijaraga olgan sayyoh o'z balkonida ko'chadan zinapoyadan kirib kelgan odamni topdi.^[117] Muloyim va toza sochli mehmon bolalar uyi uchun pul so'radi.^[118] Yo'qolgan kuni, 3-may kuni, 5A atrofida ko'chalarda ikki kishining to'rtta xayriya to'plamlari bor edi.^[117] Kechki soat 16 da ikkita qora sochli erkak Britaniyalik uy egasiga Espiche yoki unga yaqin joyda joylashgan yotoqxona yoki xospisga mablag 'izlash uchun murojaat qilishdi va soat 17.00 da ikkita erkak boshqa bir britaniyalik sayyohga xuddi shunday hikoya bilan murojaat qilishdi.^[119]

An "ugly" blond-haired man was seen on 2 May across the road from 5A, apparently watching it; he had also been seen on 29 April near the Ocean Club. On 30 April the granddaughter of 5A's former owners saw a blond-haired man leaning against a wall behind the apartments, and saw him again on 2 May near the tapas restaurant, looking at 5A. She described him as Kavkaz, mid-30s, short cropped hair, and "ugly" with spots.^[120][121] On the day of the disappearance or the day before, a man was seen staring at the McCanns' block, where a white van was parked.^[121] In the late afternoon of 3 May, a girl on the balcony of the apartment above 5A saw a man leave through the gate below, as though he had come out of a ground-floor apartment; what caught her attention was that he looked around before shutting the gate quietly, with both hands.^[122] At 14:30 two blond-haired men were seen on the balcony of 5C, an empty apartment two doors from 5A. At 16:00–17:00 a blond-haired man was seen near 5A. At 18:00 the same or another blond-haired man was seen in the stairwell of the McCanns' block. At 23:00, after the disappearance, two blond-haired men were seen in a nearby street speaking in raised voices. When they realized they had been noticed, they reportedly lowered their voices and walked away.^[123]

McCanns as arguidos

Early suspicion

The first indication that the media were turning against the McCanns was on 6 June 2007, when a German journalist asked them during a Berlin press conference whether they were involved in the disappearance.^[124][125] On 30 June a 3,000-word article entitled "The Madeleine Case: A Pact of Silence" appeared in Chap, a Portuguese weekly, stating that the McCanns were suspects, highlighting alleged inconsistencies between their statements, and implying that the Tanner sighting had been invented.^[126] The reporters had obtained the Tapas Sevens' mobile numbers and that of another witness, so it was apparent that the inquiry had a leak.^{[53][125][127]}

This and later articles in the Portuguese press, invariably followed up in the UK, made several allegations, based on no evidence, which would engulf the McCanns for years on social media. They included that the McCanns and Tapas Seven were "belanchak ", that the McCanns had been sedating their children, and that the group had formed a "pact of silence" regarding what had happened on the night of the disappearance.^[104] Much was made of apparent inconsistencies within and between the McCanns' and Tapas Seven's statements. The police had asked the group questions in Portuguese, and an interpreter had translated the replies. According to Kate McCann, the statements were then typed up in Portuguese, and verbally translated back into English for the interviewees to sign.^[69][104]

Among the inconsistencies was whether the McCanns had entered the apartment by the front or back door when checking on the children. According to the PJ case file, Gerry stated during his first interview, on 4 May 2007, that the couple had entered 5A through the locked front door for his 21:05 and her 22:00 checks, and in a second interview, on 10 May, that he had entered through the unlocked patio doors at the back.^[128] (The patio doors could be unlocked only from inside, so the parents had left them unlocked to let themselves in.)^[49] There was also an inconsistency about whether the front door had been locked.^[128] Gerry told the Sunday Times in December 2007 that they had used the front door earlier in the week, but it was next to the children's bedroom, so they had started using the patio doors instead.^[54] The PJ also questioned why, when Kate discovered Madeleine was missing, she had run to the tapas restaurant leaving the twins alone in 5A, when she could have used her mobile phone or shouted to the group from 5A's rear balcony.^[129]

Another issue was whether the exterior shutter over Madeleine's bedroom window could be opened from outside. According to journalist Danny Collins, the shutter was made of rangli metall slats on a roller blind that was housed in a box at the top of the inside window, controlled by pulling on a strap. Once rolled down, the slats locked in place outside the window and could be raised only by using the strap on the inside.^[130] Kate said the shutter and window were closed when Madeleine was put to bed, but open when she discovered Madeleine was missing. Gerry told the PJ that, when he was first alerted to the disappearance, he had lowered the shutter, then had gone outside and discovered that it could be raised only from the outside.^[131] Against this, the police said the shutter could not be raised from the outside without being forced, but there was no sign of forced entry; they also said forcing the shutter open would have caused a lot of noise.^[130]

The apparent discrepancies contributed to the view of the PJ that there had been no abduction.^[132][133] Kate's shout of "they've taken her" was viewed with suspicion, as though she had been paving the way for an abduction story.^[54] Particularly from August onwards, these suspicions developed into the theory that Madeleine had died in apartment 5A as a result of an accident—perhaps after being sedated to help her stay asleep—and that her parents had hidden her body for a month, before retrieving her and driving her to an unknown place in a car they had hired over three weeks after the disappearance.^[5][134] In 2010 Carlos Anjos, former head of the Police Detectives Union in Portugal, told BBC Panorama that most Portuguese investigators still believed Madeleine had died as a result of an accident in the apartment.^[135]

Portugal sends a letter rogatory

On 28 June 2007, the McCanns suggested to the PJ that the police request help from Danie Krugel, a South African former police officer who had developed a "matter orientation system", a handheld device that he claimed could locate missing people using DNA and satellites.^[54] On hearing about this years later, one scientist said it had caused his "BS detector to go off the scale".^[136] Kate McCann wrote in 2011 that Krugel's claims made no sense, but the couple were desperate. In the second week of June they sent him hair and eyelashes from Madeleine collected from the family home by relatives in the UK. Krugel arrived in Praia da Luz on 15 July, and told the McCanns his equipment had picked up a "static signal" in an area of the beach near the Rocha Negra cliff.^{[137][54][138]}

The officer in charge of the PJ inquiry, Inspector Gonçalo Amaral, interpreted Kate's support of Krugel as a ploy. By this point he believed the McCanns were involved in the disappearance, and that Kate was using Krugel—she had also considered using psychics—to "disclose the location of her daughter's body" without compromising herself.^[139] With this in mind, the PJ sent a letter rogatory to the British police to ask for assistance in their search for Madeleine's body.^[54][138]

In response, Mark Harrison, the national search adviser for the British Politsiyani takomillashtirish bo'yicha milliy agentlik, arrived in Praia da Luz, walked around the search areas, and flew over them by helicopter.^[140] Describing Krugel's ideas as "highly unlikely", Harrison's report, dated 23 July 2007, said that 100 officers had searched up to 9.3 miles (15 km) around Praia da Luz, but that the officer in charge and most of the team had no training in search procedures, with the exception of a search-and-rescue team from Lisbon. Search dogs had been used, but after five days instead of within two days as the handlers recommend. Harrison suggested searching the beach and shoreline, an open area near the village, Robert Murat's property, apartment 5A, the Tapas Seven's apartments, and any hired vehicles. He recommended using ground-penetrating radar and bringing in Keela and Eddie, two Springer spaniel sniffer dogs from South Yorkshire.^[141][140]

British sniffer dogs arrive

Keela was a crime-scene-investigation (CSI) dog trained to give her handler, Martin Grime, a "passive alert" to the scent of human blood by placing her nose close to the spot, then freezing in that position. Eddie was an enhanced-victim-recovery dog (EVRD, or cadaver dog ) who gave a "bark alert" to the scent of human kadavrlar, including shortly after the death of the subject, even if the remains were buried, incinerated, or in water. He was trained to bark only in response to that scent and not for any other reason.^[142]

The dogs arrived in Praia da Luz on 31 July 2007, and were taken to apartment 5A, nearby wasteland, and the beach. Both dogs alerted behind the sofa in the living room of 5A, and Eddie gave an alert near the wardrobe in the main bedroom.^[143][144] There were no alerts on the beach or wasteland.^[145] The PJ obtained warrants to search the house the McCanns had rented on Rua das Flores, and the silver Renault Scénic the couple had hired 24 days after Madeleine went missing. The house and grounds were searched on 2 August. The only alert was from Eddie when he encountered Cuddle Cat, which was lying in the living room; Keela did not give an alert.^[146] The police left with boxes of the McCanns' clothes, Cuddle Cat, a pair of latex gloves, suitcases, a notepad, two diaries, including one that Kate had started after the disappearance, and a friend's Bible she had borrowed. A passage the Bible's owner had marked from 2 Shomuil, about the death of a child, was copied into the police case file along with a Portuguese translation.^[147] The items were taken to another location, where Eddie alerted his handler to one of the boxes of clothes.^[148] A source close to the McCanns' lawyers told reporters that, if there was indeed a smell of corpses on Kate's clothes, it could have been caused by her contact with corpses as a family doctor.^[149]

The police removed the silver Renault Scenic the McCanns had hired three weeks after the disappearance,^[150] and on 6 August Keela and Eddie were taken to an underground car park opposite the PJ headquarters in Portimão, where 10 cars were parked, 20–30 feet apart, including the McCanns' and Robert Murat's.^[151] Eddie, the cadaver dog, gave an alert outside the McCanns' car by the driver's door.^[152][144] The next morning Keela alerted to the rear driver's side inside the yuklash (trunk) and the map compartment in the driver's door, which contained the ignition key and key ring. When the key ring was hidden underneath sand in a fire bucket, she alerted again, as she did when the bucket was moved to a different floor of the car park.^[153] Almost immediately the Portuguese press began running stories that Madeleine had died inside apartment 5A.^[154]

British DNA analysis

Hair and other fibres were collected from areas in the car and apartment 5A where Keela and Eddie had given alerts, and were sent to the Sud ekspertizasi xizmati (FSS) in Birmingham for DNKni profillash, arriving around 8 August 2007.^[155] At this point, according to the Sunday Times, the PJ "abandoned the abduction theory".^[54] On 8 August, without waiting for the results from Birmingham, the Portuguese police called the McCanns to a meeting in Portimão, where Guilhermino Encarnação, PJ regional director, and Luis Neves, coordinator of the Direcção Central de Combate ao Banditismo in Lisbon, told them the case was now a murder inquiry.^[156] When Encarnação died of stomach cancer in 2010, Daily Telegraph identified him as a major source of the leaks against the McCanns.^[157] Both the McCanns were interrogated that day; the officers suggested that Kate's memory was faulty.^[156]

The FSS used a technique known as past nusxa (LCN) testing. Used when only a few cells are available, the test is controversial because it is vulnerable to contamination and misinterpretation.^[158] On 3 September John Lowe of the FSS emailed Detective Superintendent Stuart Prior of the Leicestershire police, the liaison officer between the British and Portuguese police. Lowe told Prior that a sample from the car boot contained 15 out of 19 of Madeleine's DNA components, and that the result was "too complex for meaningful interpretation":

A complex LCN [low copy number] DNA result which appeared to have originated from at least three people was obtained from cellular material recovered from the luggage compartment section ... Within the DNA profile of Madeleine McCann there are 20 DNA components represented by 19 peaks on a chart. ... Of these 19 components 15 are present within the result from this item; there are 37 components in total. There are 37 components because there are at least 3 contributors; but there could be up to five contributors. In my opinion therefore this result is too complex for meaningful interpretation/inclusion. ... [W]e cannot answer the question: Is the match genuine, or is it a chance match.^[c]

McCanns made arguidos

John Lowe's email was translated into Portuguese on 4 September 2007. The next day, according to Kate, the PJ proposed that, if she were to admit that Madeleine had died in an accident in the apartment, and that she had hidden the body, she might only serve a two-year sentence. Her husband would not be charged and would be free to leave.^[161] Both parents were given arguido status on 7 September,^[162] and were advised by their lawyer not to answer questions. The PJ told Gerry that Madeleine's DNA had been found in the car boot and behind the sofa in 5A.^[163] Gerry did respond to questions, but Kate declined to reply to 48 questions she was asked during an 11-hour interview.^[164]

The DNA evidence was a "100 percent match", journalists in Portugal were told.^[165] British tabloid headlines included "Brit Lab Bombshell: Car DNA is 100% Maddie's" (Quyosh, 11 September 2007) and "Corpse in McCann Car" (London Evening Standard, 16 October 2007), while the Daily Star reported that a "clump of Maddie's hair" had been found in the car.^[166] The leaks came directly from the Portuguese police, according to testimony in 2012 from Jerry Lawton, a Daily Star reporter, to the Leveson so'rovi.^[d] Mett Baggott —who when Madeleine disappeared was chief constable of Lestershir politsiyasi, the force that coordinated the British side of the case—told the inquiry that, because the Portuguese were in charge of the case, he had made a decision not to correct reporters. His force's priority, he said, was to maintain a good relationship with the PJ with a view to finding Madeleine.^[168][e]

McCanns return to the UK, Almeida report

Ularga qaramay arguido status, the McCanns were allowed to leave Portugal, and on legal advice did so immediately, arriving back in England on 9 September 2007.^[172] The following day Chief Inspector Tavares de Almeida of the PJ in Portimão signed a nine-page report concluding that Madeleine had died in apartment 5A as a result of an accident, that the restaurant meal and apparent regular checks on the McCann children had been part of the cover-up, that the Tapas Seven had helped to mislead the police, and that the McCanns had concealed the body then faked an abduction. An 11-page document from the Information Analysis Brigade in Lisbon analysed alleged discrepancies in the McCanns' statements.^[173][88] On 11 September the public prosecutor, José Cunha de Magalhães e Meneses, handed the 10-volume case file to a judge, Pedro Miguel dos Anjos Frias.^[174] Meneses applied for the seizure of Kate's diary and Gerry's laptop.^[175] The police also wanted to trace telephone calls the McCanns and Tapas Seven had made, and there were details in the report about the number of suitcases the McCanns and their friends had taken back to England.^[176]

On 28 September 2007, according to a diplomatic cable published by WikiLeaks in 2010, the American ambassador to Portugal, Al Hoffman, wrote about a meeting he had had with the British ambassador to Portugal, Aleksandr Ellis, on 21 September 2007. The cable said: "Without delving into the details of the case, Ellis admitted that the British police had developed the current evidence against the McCann parents, and he stressed that authorities from both countries were working co-operatively. He commented that the media frenzy was to be expected and was acceptable as long as government officials keep their comments behind closed doors."^[177]

Buyuk Britaniyada Xatarlarni boshqarish, a British security company—paid by an anonymous donor to assist the McCanns since 7 May 2007^[178]—took hair samples from the McCann twins on 24 September 2007, at their parents' request. The twins had slept through the commotion in apartment 5A after Madeleine was reported missing; Kate wrote that she was concerned the abductor might have given the children sedatives.^[179] According to the PJ files, Kate had asked them to take samples, three months after the disappearance, but they had not done so.^[180] Control Risks took a sample from Kate too, to rebut allegations that she was on medication. No trace of drugs was found.^[181]

Gonçalo Amaral's removal, later developments

On 2 October 2007 Chief Inspector Gonçalo Amaral, the inquiry's coordinator, was removed from his post and transferred from Portimão to Faro after telling the newspaper Diário de Notícias that the British police had only pursued leads helpful to the McCanns. As an example, he criticized their decision to follow up an anonymous email to Shahzoda Charlz that claimed a former Ocean Club employee had taken Madeleine.^[79][182]

Amaral was himself made an arguido one day after Madeleine's disappearance, in relation to his investigation of another case, the disappearance of Joana Cipriano. The following month he was charged with making a false statement, and four other officers were charged with assault. Eight-year-old Joana Cipriano had vanished in 2004 from Figueira, seven miles (11 km) from Praia da Luz. Her body was never found, and no murder weapon was identified. Her mother and the mother's brother were convicted of her murder after confessing, but the mother retracted her confession, saying she had been beaten by police. Amaral was not present when the beating is alleged to have taken place, but he was accused of having covered up for others. The other detectives were acquitted. Amaral was convicted of perjury in May 2009 and received an 18-month suspended sentence.^[183]

The Madeleine inquiry was taken over by Paulo Rebelo, deputy national director of the PJ, which expanded its team of detectives and began a case review.^[184] On 29 November 2007 four members of the Portuguese inquiry, including Francisco Corte-Real, vice-president of Portugal's forensic crime service, were briefed at Leicestershire police headquarters by the British Forensic Science Service.^[185] In April 2008 the Tapas Seven were interviewed in England by Leicestershire police, with the PJ in attendance.^[186] The PJ planned the following month to hold a reconstruction in Praia da Luz, using the McCanns and Tapas Seven rather than actors, but the Tapas Seven declined to participate.^[187] The poor relationship between the McCanns and Portuguese police was evident again that month when, on the day the couple were at the Evropa parlamenti to promote a monitoring system for missing children, transcripts of their interviews with the PJ were leaked to Spanish television.^[188] The national director of the PJ, Alípio Ribeiro, resigned not long after this, citing media pressure; he had publicly said the police had been hasty in naming the McCanns as suspects.^[189] As of May 2008^[yangilash] Portuguese prosecutors were examining several charges against the McCanns, including child abandonment, abduction, homicide, and concealment of a corpse.^[190]

Inquiry closed (21 July 2008)

On 21 July 2008 the Portuguese Attorney General, Fernando José Pinto Monteiro, announced that there was no evidence to link the McCanns or Robert Murat to the disappearance. Ularning arguido status was lifted and the case was closed.^[8][9] On 4 August Portugal's Ministério Publico released 17 case files containing 11,233 pages on CD-ROM to the media, including 2,550 pages of sightings.^[191][f] The files included a 58-page prosecutors' report, which concluded: "No element of proof whatsoever was found which allows us to form any lucid, sensible, serious and honest conclusion about the circumstances."^[193] In 2009 Portugal released a further 2,000 pages.^[194] Days after the case closed, excerpts from Kate McCann's diary, which had been taken by the PJ in August 2007, were published in translation by a Portuguese tabloid, Correio da Manhã, despite a Portuguese judge's ruling in June 2008 that the seizure had been a privacy violation and that any copies must be destroyed.^[195] On 14 September 2008, a News International tabloid, Dunyo yangiliklari, published the extracts, again without permission and now translated poorly^{[kaltakesak so'zlar ]} yana ingliz tiliga.^[196][197]

Amaral's book (24 July 2008)

The bad feeling between the McCanns and the PJ had reached such a height that Chief Inspector Gonçalo Amaral resigned in June 2008 to write a book alleging that Madeleine had died in an accident in the apartment and that, to cover it up, the McCanns had faked an abduction.^[198][79] Three days after the case closed, his book, Maddie: A Verdade da Mentira ("Maddie: The Truth of the Lie"), was published in Portugal by Guerra & Paz.^[199] By November 2008 it had sold 180,000 copies and by 2010 had been translated into six languages.^[200][88] A documentary based on the book was broadcast on TVI in Portugal in April 2009, watched by 2.2 million.^[201]

The McCanns began a libel action against Amaral and his publisher in 2009.^[202] Madeleine's Fund covered the legal fees.^[203][204] In 2015 they were awarded over € 600,000 in libel damages; Amaral's appeal against that decision succeeded in 2016.^[202] A judge had issued an injunction against further publication or sales of the book in 2009, but the Lisbon Court of Appeal overturned the ban in 2010, stating that it violated Amaral's freedom of expression.^[205] The ban was reinstated in 2015 as part of the libel ruling, then lifted when Amaral's appeal succeeded in 2016.^[206][202] The McCanns appealed the 2016 decision to Portugal's Oliy sud, but the court ruled against them in February 2017. In their 76-page ruling, the judges wrote that the McCanns had not, in fact, been cleared by the archiving of the criminal case in 2008.^[9][207] In March 2017, the Supreme Court rejected the McCanns' final appeal.^[203]

Madeleine's Fund inquiry (2007–2011)

Raising money

The McCanns set up Madeleine's Fund: Leaving No Stone Unturned Ltd on 15 May 2007, 12 days after the disappearance.^[208][209] Over 80 million people visited the fund's website in the three months after the disappearance.^[38] From September 2007, Brian Kennedy of Everest Windows supported the couple financially, and Kennedy's lawyer joined the fund's board of directors.^{[210][211][212]} 2017 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash] it had seven directors, including the McCanns.^[213]

Appeals by public figures were screened at football matches across Britain. Between May 2007 and March 2008, the fund received £1,846,178, including £1.4 million through the bank, £390,000 online, and £64,000 from merchandise.^{[214][215][g]} Donations included £250,000 from the Dunyo yangiliklari, £250,000 from Sir Filipp Yashil, $50,000 from Simon Cowell, and $25,000 from Kulin Runi.^[216] J. K. Rouling va Richard Branson made large donations; Branson donated £100,000 to the McCanns' legal fund.^[217] Madeleine's Fund did not cover the couple's legal costs arising from their status as arguidos,^[218] but it was criticized in October 2007 for having made two of the McCanns' mortgage payments, before they were made arguidos.^[219] A reward of £2.5 million was also offered, including from the Dunyo yangiliklari, Rowling, Branson, Green, and a Scottish businessman, Stephen Winyard.^[220] In March 2008 the Express Group paid the fund £550,000 and £375,000 in libel damages arising out of articles about the McCanns and Tapas Seven respectively.^[221][222] In 2011, Kate McCann's book, Madelein, was serialized by Quyosh va Sunday Times, both owned by News International, for a payment to the fund of £500,000 to £1 million.^[223][224] In December 2015, the fund stood at around £750,000.^[225]

Xususiy tergovchilar

Madeleine's Fund hired several firms of private investigators, causing friction with the Portuguese police. Shortly after the disappearance, an anonymous benefactor paid for the services of a British security company, Xatarlarni boshqarish.^[226] There had reportedly been four independent sightings from North Africa; Brian Kennedy went to Morocco himself in September 2007 to look into one.^{[227][228][211]} A Norwegian woman had reported seeing a girl matching Madeleine's description in a petrol station near Marrakesh, Morocco, on 9 May 2007; the child had reportedly asked the man she was with, in English, "Can we see Mummy soon?" When the witness returned home to Spain, she learned about the disappearance and telephoned the Spanish police. A month later, according to Kate McCann, the police had still not formally interviewed the woman, which led the McCanns to fear that leads were not being pursued. The McCanns themselves travelled to Morocco on 10 June 2007 to raise awareness. They spent the night at the British ambassador's residence and were briefed by consular staff and a Metropolitan police attaché.^[229]

Brian Kennedy hired a Spanish agency, Método 3, for six months at £50,000 a month, which put 35 investigators on the case in Europe and Morocco. It seems the relationship came to an end in part because the head of the agency made several public statements that concerned the McCanns, including to CBS that "We know the kidnapper. We know who he is and how he has done it."^[230] Another private investigator was David Edgar, a retired detective inspector hired in 2009 on the recommendation of the head of Manchester's Serious Crime Squad.^[231] Edgar released an e-fit in August that year of a woman said to have asked two British men in "Barselona", Spain, shortly after the disappearance, whether they were there to deliver her new daughter.^[232] Other private initiatives included a Portuguese lawyer financing the search of a reservoir near Praia da Luz in February 2008,^[233] va foydalanish ground radar by a South African property developer, Stephen Birch, who said in 2012 that scans showed there were bones beneath the driveway of a house in Praia da Luz.^[234]

Oakley International

In 2008 Madeleine's Fund hired Oakley International, a Washington, D.C.-registered detective agency, for over £500,000 for six months.^[228][235] (The company owner, Kevin Halligen, was arrested in 2009 in connection with an unrelated fraud allegation.^[236] He died in 2018.)^[237] Oakley sent a five-man team to Portugal. Led by Henri Exton, a former British police officer who had worked for MI5, the team engaged in undercover operations within the Ocean Club and among paedophile rings and the "Roma" jamiyat.^[228]

Exton questioned the significance of the Tanner sighting of a man carrying a child at 21:15 near apartment 5A, and focused instead on the Smith sighting at 22:00—the sighting by Martin and Mary Smith of a man carrying a child toward the beach. The Oakley team produced e-fits based on the Smiths' description.^[65] This was a sensitive issue, because on 9 September 2007 Martin Smith had watched BBC footage of the McCanns arrive in the UK from Portugal, at the height of public debate about their alleged involvement.^[238] As Gerry McCann exited the aircraft with his son in his arms, Smith believed he recognized him as the man he had seen carrying the child in Praia da Luz. He reported his suspicion to Leicestershire police but later came to accept that he was mistaken: at 22:00 witnesses placed Gerry in the tapas restaurant. Nevertheless, publication of the Smith e-fits, which bore some resemblance to Gerry, would have fed the conspiracy theories about the McCanns.^[65]

Exton submitted his report to Madeleine's Fund in November 2008, and suggested releasing the e-fits, but the fund told Exton that the report and its e-fits had to remain confidential. The relationship between the company and the fund had soured, in part because of a dispute over fees, and in part because the report was critical of the McCanns and their friends; it suggested that Madeleine may have died in an accident after leaving the apartment herself through its unlocked patio doors.^[65] Madeleine's Fund passed the e-fits to the police—the PJ and Leicestershire police had them by October 2009, and Scotland Yard received them when they became involved in August 2011^[239]—but did not otherwise release them. Kate McCann did not include them with the other images of suspects in her book, Madelein (2011), although she suggested that both the Tanner and Smith sightings were crucial. Scotland Yard released the e-fits in October 2013 for a BBC Crimewatch qayta qurish. After it had aired, Sunday Times published that the McCanns had had the e-fits since 2008.^[65] In response the couple complained that the Sunday Times story implied (wrongly) that the McCanns had not only failed to publish the e-fits but had withheld them from the police. The newspaper published an apology on an inside page in December 2013.^[239] The McCanns subsequently sued and received £55,000 in damages,^[240] which Gerry McCann said would be donated to charity.^[241]

Further police inquiries (2011–present)

Gamble report

Alan Jonson, Inglizlar Uy kotibi (2009–2010)

The McCanns met the British Uy kotibi Alan Jonson in 2009 to request a review of the case.^[242] Johnson commissioned a scoping report from Jim Gambl, keyin bosh Bolalarni ekspluatatsiya qilish va onlayn himoya qilish markazi (CEOP).^[157][243] By March 2010 the Home Office had begun discussions with the Politsiya bosh ofitserlari assotsiatsiyasi about setting up a British inquiry.^[157][244]

Delivered in May 2010, the Gamble report examined how several British agencies had become involved in the search for Madeleine, including CEOP itself, Lestershir politsiyasi, Metropolitan politsiya xizmati, Jiddiy uyushgan jinoyatchilik agentligi, National Police Improvement Agency, Crimestoppers, Uy idorasi, Tashqi ishlar vazirligi va Dauning ko'chasi, 10-uy. Gamble criticized the lack of coordination. Everyone had wanted to help, and some had wanted "to be seen to help", he wrote, which had "created a sense of chaos and a sense of competition", hampering the inquiry by causing resentment among the Portuguese police.^[243] He recommended renewed cooperation between the British and Portuguese, that all relevant information be exchanged between the police forces, that police perform an analysis of telephone calls made on the night of the disappearance, and that all leads be pursued, including those developed by private detectives.^[245]

Grange operatsiyasi

Tereza Mey (home secretary 2010–2016, prime minister from 2016-2019) with Devid Kemeron (prime minister 2010–2016), photographed in 2010

In May 2011, under Home Secretary Tereza Mey, Scotland Yard launched an investigative review, Operation Grange, with a team of 29 detectives and eight civilians.^[246] The announcement of the review appeared to have been triggered by a Xalqaro yangiliklar campaign, by way of one of its British tabloids, Quyosh.^[223] On 11 May 2011, as it was serializing Kate McCann's book, Madelein, Quyosh's front page hosted an open letter from the McCanns in which they asked Prime Minister Devid Kemeron to set up a new inquiry; 20,000 people signed the newspaper's petition that day.^[247] On the same day, according to her testimony to the Leveson Inquiry, Theresa May spoke by telephone, at her instigation, to Rebeka Bruks, chief executive of News International, and Dominik Mohan, muharriri Quyosh.^[244] The next day she wrote to the Metropolitan politsiyasining komissari, Janob Pol Stivenson, to say that the Portuguese police had agreed to cooperate with a British inquiry.^[248] Within 24 hours, Cameron made the announcement about Operation Grange, to be financed by a Home Office contingency fund.^[249]

Operation Grange was led by Commander Simon Foy. Detective Chief Inspector (DCI) Andy Redwood of Scotland Yard's Qotillik va og'ir jinoyatlar bo'yicha qo'mondonlik was the first senior investigating officer, reporting to Detective Chief Superintendent Hamish Campbell.^[246] The team consisted of three detective inspectors, five detective sergeants, 19 detective constables, and around six civilian staff.^[250] When Redwood retired in 2014, he was replaced by DCI Nicola Wall.^[251] By July 2013 the review had become an investigation.^[252]

The team had tens of thousands of documents translated, released an age-progressed image,^[253] and investigated over 8,000 potential sightings. By 2015 they had taken 1,338 statements, collected 1,027 exhibits, and investigated 650 sex offenders and 60 persons of interest. The inquiry was scaled back in October 2015 and the number of officers reduced to four.^[254] The Home Secretary approved an additional £95,000 of funding in April 2016 for what the Metropoliten politsiya komissari, Janob Bernard Xogan-Xou, said was one remaining line of inquiry.^[255] Another £85,000 was approved to cover up to September 2017;^[256] and £150,000 to cover until 31 March 2019, taking the cost of the inquiry to £11.75 million.^[257] The Home Office said it would approve similar funding for 2019.^[14]

Nazariyalar: Rejalashtirilgan o'g'irlash, o'g'irlik, adashganlar

DCI Redvud "Grange" operatsiyasi "notanish odam tomonidan qilingan jinoiy harakatni", ehtimol rejalashtirilgan o'g'irlash yoki Madlen bezovta qilgan o'g'irlikni ko'rib chiqayotganini aniq ko'rsatdi.^[10] 2007 yil yanvar-may oylari oralig'ida mahalliy o'g'riliklar to'rt baravar ko'paygan, shu jumladan g'oyib bo'lishdan 17 kun oldin Makkenns blokidagi ikkitasi, bu erda tajovuzkorlar derazadan kirib kelishgan.^[115][51] Yo'qolganining 10 yilligi arafasida, 2017 yil aprelida bergan intervyusida, Skotlend-Yardniki Komissar yordamchisi, Mark Rouli, "o'g'irlik noto'g'ri ketdi" gipotezasini rad etgani ko'rinib turibdi va "bu butunlay chiqarib tashlanmagan". Hududdagi o'g'irliklarga aloqador bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan gumondorlarga murojaat qilib, u politsiya "bu odamlarni deyarli yopib qo'yganini" aytdi. Qolgan detektivlar ahamiyatli deb hisoblagan oz sonli so'rovlarga e'tibor qaratishdi.^[13][258] Shuningdek, o'sha oyda Skotlend-Yard yo'qolgan paytda 5A yaqinida ko'rilgan ayolni qidirayotgani haqida da'volar bo'lgan.^[259]

Redvud 2013 yilda "dalillarni bir o'qishda" yo'qolish oldindan rejalashtirilgan o'g'irlashga o'xshab ketganini aytgan, bu "shubhasiz ishtirok etishi mumkin edi" razvedka ".^[115][51] Bir nechta guvohlar tasvirlangan yo'qolishidan bir necha kun oldin va o'sha kuni 5A kvartira atrofida osilgan erkaklar.^[115] 2013 yil may oyida Skotlend-Yard Okean klubida Madlen g'oyib bo'lgan 12 nafar qo'l ishchilarini, shu jumladan inglizlarga o'z xizmatlarini taklif qilayotgan oq furgonda olti nafar farroshni qidirishni xohladi. chet elliklar.^[260] 2013 yil oktyabr oyida Skotland-Yard va BBC Crimewatch Buyuk Britaniyada, Gollandiyada va Germaniyada translyatsiya qilingan - rekonstruksiya uyushtirgan va ular 5A yaqinida ko'rilgan odamlarning elektron tasvirlarini chiqargan. Smitni ko'rish.^[261] Bir necha kundan keyin Crimewatch efirga uzatilgan bo'lsa, Portugaliyaning bosh prokurori yangi dalillarga ishora qilib, Portugaliya tergovini qayta boshladi.^[12]

Yana bir nazariya shundan iboratki, Madlen o'sha paytda, taxminan to'rt yoshda, ehtimol, ota-onasini izlash uchun kvartirani o'zi tark etgan va uni o'tib ketayotgan odam o'g'irlab ketgan yoki yaqin atrofdagi ochiq qurilish maydonchalarining biriga tushib qolgan.^[262] Bu keng ehtimollik bilan qabul qilinmaydi. Onasining so'zlariga ko'ra, Madlen qulflanmagan veranda eshiklarini ochib, orqasidagi pardalarni yopib, yana eshikni yopib, zinapoyaning yuqori qismidagi bolalar eshigini ochib yopishi kerak edi, keyin ko'chaga olib boradigan eshikni ochib yopishi kerak edi. .^[263]

Mobil telefon qo'ng'iroqlarini kuzatib borish

Foydalanish mobil telefonni kuzatib borish texnikasi va 30 dan ortiq mamlakatlarning hamkorligi bilan politsiya muhim vaqt ichida yo'qolgan joy yaqinida uyali telefonlardan foydalanganlarni aniqladi.^[264] Tahlil davomida Ocean Club yaqinida 30 yoshli sobiq Ocean Club avtobus haydovchisi va uning 24 va 53 yoshli sheriklari o'rtasida bir nechta qo'ng'iroqlar va matnlar aniqlandi. Tergovchilar 2014 yil iyun oyida ular bilan suhbatlashdilar; ular g'oyib bo'lish bilan bog'liqligini rad etishdi.^[113][265] Politsiya, shuningdek, o'sha kuni tunda Ocean Club restoranining sobiq ishchisining uyali telefoni kurort yaqinida ishlatilganligini aniqladi. Dastlab Kabo-Verde, G'arbiy Afrika, Evklides Monteiro 2006 yilda traktor avtohalokatida vafot etgani uchun 2006 yilda Ocean Club-dan ishdan bo'shatilgan. Gumon shundaki, u giyohvandlik odatini moliyalashtirish uchun kvartiralarni buzib kirgan. Uning beva ayolining aytishicha, u ilgari bolalarga jinsiy tajovuz bilan bog'liq buzilishlar to'g'risida so'roq qilingan, ammo DNK dalillari bilan tozalandi.^[266]

Uydagi jinsiy tajovuz

Skotlend-Yard 2014 yil mart oyida g'arbiy Algarveda 2004-2006 yillarda sodir bo'lgan to'rtta hodisada ingliz oilalari egallab olgan dam olish uylariga kirgan odam, ularning ikkitasi Praia da Luzda bo'lgan odam haqida ma'lumot olish uchun yana bir murojaat qildi. O'sha paytlarda u 7-10 yoshdagi besh oq tanli qizni yotog'ida jinsiy zo'rlagan. Erkak ingliz tilida begona aksent bilan gapirdi va nutqi sekin va ehtimol xira edi. Uning kalta, qorong'i, yaramas sochlari, qoraygan terisi bor edi va uch qurbonning fikriga ko'ra o'ziga xos hid bor edi; u uzun yengli bordo tepa kiygan bo'lishi mumkin, ehtimol orqasida oq doira bor. Bu 2004 va 2010 yillar oralig'ida sodir bo'lgan 12 voqea orasida.^[267] Xabarlarga ko'ra, PJ 2004-2006 yillarda sodir bo'lgan to'rtta hodisaga tajovuzkor Evropadning Keyp Verde shahridagi sobiq xodimi, 2009 yilda vafot etgan Evklides Monteiro ekanligiga ishongan.^[268]

Praia da Luzda qidiruvlar va intervyular

2014 yil iyun oyida Skotlend-Yard va PJ ofitserlari arxeologlar va hidlovchi itlar hamrohligida Praia da Luzda 60 ming kvadrat metr (15 gektar) cho'lni qazib olishdi. Hech narsa topilmadi.^[269] Keyingi oy, Skotlend-Yardning iltimosiga binoan, Farodagi PJ to'rtta Portugaliya fuqarosi bilan suhbat o'tkazdi va Skotlend-Yard ham ishtirok etdi. Ularga aloqador bo'lgan dalillar topilmadi.^[258] Bitta odam, sherik Robert Murat, yo'qolganidan ko'p o'tmay birinchi bo'lib so'roq qilingan.^[112][270] PJ direktori o'rinbosari Pedro do Karmoning Bi-bi-siga aytishicha, suhbatlar faqat Skotlend-Yard so'raganligi sababli o'tkazilgan.^[271] 2014 yil dekabr oyida o'n bir kishi, shu jumladan uchta britaniyalik bilan suhbat o'tkazildi. Portugaliya OAV ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, Skotlend-Yard suhbatdoshlar uchun 253 savolni, shu jumladan "Madlenni o'ldirganmisiz?" va "Jasadni qaerga yashirdingiz?"^[272] Robert Murat, uning rafiqasi va sobiq eri, 30 yoshli sobiq Ocean Club avtobus haydovchisi va uning 24 va 53 yoshli sheriklari so'roq qilindi. Yo'qolgan paytda avtobus haydovchisi va sheriklari Ocean Club yaqinida bir-birlariga telefon qilishgan yoki SMS yozishgan.^[265] Ular Ocean Club-ning kvartiralariga bostirib kirganliklarini tan olishdi, ammo Madelein-ni olganlarini rad etishdi.^[113][273]

2020 yilda Germaniya tergovlari

2020 yil iyun oyida davlat prokurori Germaniya shahrining Braunshveyg qarzda yashagan deb taxmin qilinayotgan 43 yoshli erkakning ehtimoliy ishtiroki to'g'risida surishtiruv o'tkazishni buyurdi VW lager avtobusi Makkann yo'qolgan paytda Algarveda. Gumonlanuvchining mashinasi, a Jaguar XJR6, Makkenn g'oyib bo'lgan kunning ertasiga yangi egasiga ro'yxatdan o'tgan.^[6] Prokuratura Makkenning qotilligida gumon qilinib ish yuritishni boshladi. Davlat prokuraturasidan Xans Kristian Volters gumondorning jinoiy ishi borligi sababli ular Makkann o'lgan degan taxmin bilan ish olib borishlarini aytdi.^[6] Gumonlanuvchi bolalar bilan jinsiy zo'ravonlik va giyohvand moddalar savdosi bilan bog'liq bo'lmagan huquqbuzarliklar uchun sudlangan va 2020 yil iyun holatiga ko'ra Germaniyada qamoqda.^[274][275]

Gumondor Algarveda 72 yoshli nafaqaxo'rni zo'rlagani uchun etti yil qamoqda o'tirganlar ro'yxatiga kiritilgan.^[276] 3 iyun kuni Jinoyat politsiyasi idorasi ish bilan bog'liq ma'lumot uchun ommaviy murojaat qildi Aktenzeichen XY… ungelöst, jamoat telekanali tomonidan namoyish etilgan jinoyatchilik dasturi ZDF.^[277] Politsiya 2013 yilda ushbu voqea birinchi bo'lib namoyish etilgandan so'ng foydali ma'lumotlarni olganligini aytdi Aktenzeichen XY, ammo jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish uchun muhim dalillarni topish uchun yillar kerak bo'lganligi va ular hali ham ko'proq ma'lumotga muhtoj ekanliklari.^[278] Prokuratura jamoatchilikdan gumonlanuvchining telefon raqami va Makkenn yo'qolgan kuni uni tergan raqam haqida ma'lumot so'radi, u bilan gumonlanuvchining raqami 30 daqiqali aloqada bo'lgan.^[6][279]

27 iyul kuni Germaniya politsiyasi tergov bilan bog'liq ravishda Gannoverdagi joyni qidirishni boshladi.^[280]

Boshqa so'rovlar

Surishtiruvning dastlabki kunlarida Portugaliya politsiyasi pedofil tergovidan olingan rasmlarni qidirib topdi va Madlenning ota-onalariga jinsiy huquqbuzarlarning fotosuratlari Praia de Luzdan tanilgan taqdirda ko'rsatildi.^[281] Bir nechta ingliz pedofillari qiziqish uyg'otdi. 2009 yil may oyida Makkannsda ishlaydigan tergovchilar Raymond Xyulettdan biri bilan savol berishga harakat qilishdi; go'yoki u birovga Madlen bilan nima bo'lganini bilishini aytgan edi, lekin u orqaga qaytdi va shu yilning dekabrida Germaniyada saraton kasalligidan vafot etdi.^[282] Skotlend-Yard qotillik uchun Shotlandiyada 2010 yildan beri qamoqda bo'lgan ikki pedofil haqida surishtiruv o'tkazdi. Erkaklar derazalarni tozalash xizmati bilan shug'ullanishgan Kanareykalar orollari Madlen yo'qolganida.^[283]

Yo'qolganligi munosabati bilan OAVda 2013 yilda vafot etgan Shimoliy Irlandiyadan kelgan odam muhokama qilindi; to'rt qiziga jinsiy tajovuz qilgani uchun qamoqdan ozod qilinganidan keyin u ko'chib ketgan Karvoeyro, Portugaliya, Praia da Luzdan unchalik uzoq bo'lmagan va Madlen yo'qolganida o'sha erda bo'lgan.^[284] "Grange" operatsiyasining yana bir yo'nalishi Urs Xans fon Esx, vafot etgan shveytsariyalik, 2007 yilda Shveytsariyada besh yoshli Yleniya Lenxardning qotilligiga aloqador. Yleniya 2007 yil 31 iyulda, Madlendan deyarli uch oy o'tgach, g'oyib bo'ldi va natijada sentyabr oyida o'lik holda topildi toluol zaharlanish. Madon g'oyib bo'lganida Von Esx Ispaniyada yashagan.^[285] 2016 yil iyun oyida "Grange" operatsiyasi xodimlari marhum teleradiokompaniyaning jabrlanuvchisi bilan suhbatlashdilar Klement Freyd, kim o'sha yili tarixga ega bo'lganlikda ayblangan bolalarga nisbatan jinsiy zo'ravonlik.^[286] Freydning Praia da Luzda uyi bor edi va u yo'qolganidan bir necha hafta o'tgach, 2007 yil iyulida Makkenns bilan do'stlashdi.^[287] Uning oilasi Madlen yo'qolganida u Buyuk Britaniyada bo'lganini aytdi.^[288]

Tabloidlar va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar

"OAV tomonidan sud jarayoni"

Eilis O'Xanlon Yo'qolish "deyarli ommaviy nutqning asosiy usuli sifatida ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning ko'tarilishi uchun metafora bo'lishi mumkin" deb yozgan.^[20] Twitter, Madelein yo'qolganida bir yoshda, vitriolning ko'p qismiga aylandi.^[289] O'n yildan so'ng "#MCCann" heshteg Tadqiqotchilarning fikriga ko'ra, soatiga 100 dan ortiq tvit ishlab chiqardi Haddersfild universiteti.^[290] Ijtimoiy tarmoqlarning hujumlari Makkennsning egizaklaridan birini o'g'irlash bilan tahdidni o'z ichiga olgan,^[201] va qachon Shotland Yard va Crimewatch 2013 yilda ularni qayta qurish ishlari olib borildi, aftidan murojaatni buzish uchun yolg'on ma'lumotlar bilan qo'ng'iroq qilish haqida gap bor edi.^[291] Makkenga qarshi veb-saytni boshqargan bir kishi, o'zlarining da'volari bilan o'z qishloqlarini varaqlaganidan so'ng, 2013 yilda uch oylik shartli qamoq jazosini oldi.^[292] Keyingi yili Twitter foydalanuvchisi a geliyning haddan tashqari dozasi Sky News unga o'zining 400 ta Makkenga qarshi tvitlari haqida duch kelganidan keyin.^[293]

Roy Greinslade deb nomlangan Daily Express "vitriolning doimiy kampaniyasi" ni qamrab olish.^[294]

Er-xotinning fotogen, aniq va professional maqomi avvaliga foydali bo'ldi. Buyuk Britaniyadagi har bir muassasa yordam berishni xohladi Dauning ko'chasi, 10-uy pastga.^[295] Makkenns jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar bo'yicha maslahatchilarni yollash va ommaviy axborot vositalariga har kuni yangiliklar kiritish uchun muntazam tadbirlarni taklif qilish orqali qiziqishdan to'liq foydalangan. Ammo g'azab ularga qarshi chiqdi va PR bo'yicha maslahatchi nima boshladi Maykl Koul "Makkannlarning monsterligi" deb nomlangan.^[296] Ocean Club enagalari va kreyi mavjud bo'lishiga qaramay, ular bolalarini qulflanmagan kvartirada yolg'iz qoldirganliklari uchun ular qattiq tanqid qilindi. Ushbu munozaraga ko'ra, ishchi sinfdagi er-xotin bolani tashlab ketish aybiga duch kelishi mumkin edi.^[297] 2007 yil iyun oyida o'n yetti ming kishi Leisestershire Social Services kompaniyasidan bolalar qanday qilib qarovsiz qoldirilganligini tekshirishni so'rab, Internet-petitsiyani imzoladi.^[298]

Keyt Makkannning tashqi qiyofasi va o'zini tutishi keng muhokama qilindi, sharhlarning aksariyati boshqa ayollar, shu jumladan Buker mukofoti - g'olib Anne Enright ichida London Kitoblar sharhi.^[299] Keyt sovuq va nazorat ostida, juda jozibali, juda nozik, juda kiyingan va o'ta shiddatli deb hisoblanardi.^[300] U, ehtimol, o'g'irlash bo'yicha mutaxassislar tomonidan kamerada yig'lamaslikni maslahat bergan, chunki o'g'irlab ketuvchi uni qiynashidan zavq olishi mumkin va bu ko'proq tanqidlarga sabab bo'ldi: Portugaliyalik tabloid Correio da Manhã uning "bironta ko'z yoshi to'kmaganidan" shikoyat qiluvchi manbalarga iqtibos keltirdi.^[301] Jurnalistika professori Nikola Gokning ta'kidlashicha, Keyt qotil deb topilgan onalarning uzoq ro'yxatiga onaning nomaqbul xatti-harakatlari sababli qo'shilgan.^[302] Sharhlovchilar uning tajribasini shu bilan taqqosladilar Lindi Chemberlen, keyin qotillik uchun sudlangan uning bolasi tomonidan o'ldirilgan dingo. Kate singari, u ham qisman gumon qilingan, chunki u omma oldida yig'lamagan.^[303] Ayollar ta'kidlagan Muqaddas Kitobning tegishli joylari haqida shunga o'xshash (yolg'on) hikoya ham bor edi. Chemberlen: "Qanday qilib siz mendan kechirim so'rab, buni boshqa birovdan takrorlay olasiz?"^[304]

2011 yil noyabr oyida Makkenns oldin sudda guvohlik berdi Leveson so'rovi Britaniya matbuot standartlariga.^[24] So'rovda muharriri Daily Express, xususan, er-xotin bilan "ovora" bo'lib qolishgan.^[305] Ekspres sarlavhalarida Madelein "uyqusiz dorilar tomonidan o'ldirilgan", "Jasadni toping yoki Makkenn qochib ketadi" va " "Bunga Makkenn yoki uning do'sti aybdor bo'lishi kerak'", ikkinchisi ofitsiant bilan suhbatga asoslangan.^[306] "Maddi" Maqsadli Makkanns tomonidan "sotilgan" degan sarlavha ostida chiqdi Daily Star, Express guruhining bir qismi.^[307] Lord Adliya Leveson maqolalarni "to'liq piffle" deb atadi.^[305] Roy Greinslade ularni "jurnalistik voqea sodir bo'lmagan, ammo qayg'uga botgan oilaga qarshi doimiy ravishda vitriol kampaniyasi" deb ta'riflagan.^[294]

Tuhmatga oid harakatlar

Makkennning qonuniy harakatlariga qo'shimcha ravishda Gonchalo Amaral va uning noshiri Makkanns va Tapas Sveti bir nechta gazetalarga qarshi tuhmat ishlarini olib borishdi. The Daily Express, Daily Star va ularning singlisi yakshanba qog'ozlari Shimoliy va Shell, 2008 yilda birinchi sahifada uzr so'ragan va 550000 funt sterling xayriya qilgan Madeleinning jamg'armasi.^[22] Tapas etti kishiga Express guruhiga qarshi 375 ming funt mukofot berildi, shuningdek, Madeleine's Fund-ga o'tkazildi va kechirim so'rab Daily Express.^[222] Makkenns 55000 funt sterlingdan olgan Sunday Times 2013 yilda gazeta politsiyadan elektron ma'lumotni yashirganligini aytganida.^[240]

Robert Murat 11 ta gazeta tomonidan chop etilgan 100 ta maqolaga nisbatan tuhmat uchun suddan tashqari hisob-kitoblarda 600 000 funt oldi.Quyosh va Dunyo yangiliklari (Xalqaro yangiliklar ), Daily Express, Sunday Express va Daily Star (Shimoliy va Shell), Daily Mail, London Evening Standard va Metro (Associated gazetalari ), Daily Mirror, Sunday Mirror va Daily Record (Mirror Group gazetalari ).^[308] Ga binoan Kuzatuvchi, bu Buyuk Britaniyada bitta masala bo'yicha xuddi shu shaxs tomonidan olib borilgan tuhmat harakatlarining eng ko'p soni edi.^[111] Uning ikki sherigiga har biri 100 ming dollardan mukofotlandi va uchalasi ham xalqdan kechirim so'rashdi.^[308] The British Sky Broadcasting Group Sky News-ga egalik qiluvchi, Muratga 2008 yilda aniqlanmagan zararni to'lagan va Sky News o'z veb-saytida 12 oy davomida uzr so'rashga rozi bo'lgan.^[309]

Netflix hujjatli filmi (2019)

Netflix sakkiz qismli hujjatli seriyasini chiqardi, Madlen Makkannning yo'qolishi, 2019 yil 15 martda. Suhbatdoshlar kiritilgan Jim Gambl, sobiq rahbari Bolalarni ekspluatatsiya qilish va onlayn himoya qilish buyrug'i; Alan Jonson, Britaniyaning sobiq uy kotibi; Brayan Kennedi, Makkenni moliyaviy tomondan qo'llab-quvvatlagan ingliz biznesmeni; Makkennsning sobiq vakili Justin Makguysin; Gonchalo Amaral, PJ tergovining sobiq rahbari; Robert Murat, birinchi arguido; Julian Peribanez, sobiq Metodo 3 xususiy tergovchisi; Sandra Felgueiras, g'oyib bo'lish jarayonini yoritgan portugaliyalik jurnalist; va Entoni Summers va Robbyn Swan, mualliflari Madelein qidiryapsizlar (2014).^[310][311]

Shuningdek qarang

• Yo'qolganlarning ro'yxati
• Madlen Makkannning yo'qolishiga reaktsiyalar
• Madeleine McCann ko'rganligi haqida xabar berilgan

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

Asarlar keltirilgan

News sources are listed in the References section only.

Tashqi havolalar

• Madelein-ni toping, [email protected]
• Grange operatsiyasi (Scotland Yard), [email protected]
• Kate and Gerry McCann's testimony, Leveson so'rovi, 23 November 2011 (video); YouTube, part 1/3, 2/3, 3/3.
• Greer, Chris; McLaughlin, Eugene (2012). "Media justice: Madeleine McCann, intermediatization and 'trial by media' in the British press" (PDF). Nazariy kriminologiya. 16 (4): 395–416. doi:10.1177/1362480612454559. S2CID  144346648.