Karli Fiorina - Carly Fiorina

Karli Fiorina
Carly Fiorina 2017 CPAC tomonidan Gage Skidmore.jpg
Tug'ilgan
Cara Carleton Sneed

(1954-09-06) 1954 yil 6-sentyabr (66 yosh)
Ostin, Texas, BIZ.
Ta'limStenford universiteti (BA )
Kaliforniya universiteti, Los-Anjeles
Merilend universiteti, kollej
Park (MBA )
Massachusets instituti
Texnologiya (XONIM )
Sof qiymat59 million dollar (2015)[1]
Siyosiy partiyaRespublika
Turmush o'rtoqlarTodd Bartlem (1977–1984)
Frank Fiorina
​
(m. 1985)​
Bolalar2 o'gay qiz
QarindoshlarJozef Sneed (Ota)
Veb-saytAksiya veb-sayti
Imzo
Carly-Fiorina-signature.png

Cara Carleton "Carly" Fiorina avval Sneed; 1954 yil 6-sentabrda tug'ilgan) - amerikalik ishbilarmon ayol va siyosiy arbob, asosan bosh direktor lavozimida ishlagani bilan tanilgan Hewlett-Packard (HP). Sifatida Boshqaruvchi direktor ning HP 1999 yildan 2005 yilgacha Fiorina Top-20 kompaniyasini boshqargan birinchi ayol edi Baxt Jurnal.[2]

2002 yilda Fiorina HP kompaniyasining raqibiga ega bo'lgan o'sha paytdagi tarixdagi eng yirik texnologik sektor birlashishini nazorat qildi shaxsiy kompyuter ishlab chiqaruvchi, Compaq. Ushbu bitim HPni dunyodagi eng yirik shaxsiy kompyuter sotuvchisi qildi.[3][4] Keyinchalik HP 30000 AQSh xodimlarini ishdan bo'shatdi. Shunga qaramay, ishchilar soni birlashishdan oldingi ko'rsatkichdan oshib ketdi va u ishlayotgan davrda 150 ming kishiga o'sdi.[5][6][7] 2005 yil fevral oyida u kengash zalidagi kelishmovchiliklardan so'ng bosh direktor va rais lavozimidan iste'fo berishga majbur bo'ldi.[8][9][10] Keyinchalik u xayriya tashkilotining raisi bo'lib ishlagan Yaxshi 360.[11][12]

Fiorina muvaffaqiyatsiz yugurdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati yilda 2010 va Respublika prezidentligiga nomzod 2016 yilda Fiorina uning maslahatchisi edi Respublika Senator Jon Makkeyn "s 2008 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi. 2010 yilda u respublika nominatsiyasida g'olib bo'ldi Kaliforniya shtatidagi Senat, ammo umumiy saylovlarda amaldagi demokratga yutqazdi Barbara bokschi.[13][14] Fiorina edi nomzod ichida 2016 yil respublika prezidentlik saylovi va etti kun davomida vitse-prezidentning turmush o'rtog'i edi Ted Kruz u to'xtatib qo'yguncha kampaniya, AQShning zamonaviy tarixidagi eng qisqa vitse-prezidentlikka nomzod sifatida rekord o'rnatdi.[15]

Dastlabki hayot va ta'lim

Cara Carleton Sneed 1954 yil 6-sentyabrda tug'ilgan Ostin, Texas, Madelon Montrossning qizi (Yuergens ismli ayol) va Jozef Tir Sneed III.[16] "Carlyon" kelib chiqqan "Carleton" nomi Sneed oilasining har bir avlodida shu kundan beri qo'llanilgan. Fuqarolar urushi.[17] Tug'ilganda, Fiorinaning otasi professor Texas universiteti yuridik fakulteti.[18][19][20] Keyinchalik u dekan bo'ladi Dyuk universiteti yuridik fakulteti, AQSh Bosh prokurorining o'rinbosari, va bo'yicha hukm To'qqizinchi davr uchun Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Apellyatsiya sudi.[21] Uning onasi mavhum rassom.[22] U asosan ingliz va Nemis ajdodlar,[23] va episkopaliyalik bo'lib o'sgan.[23] Uning otasining buyuk bobosi, Jozef P. Sneed, Texasda metodist vazir va o'qituvchi bo'lgan. Uning otasining buyuk-buyuk-buyuk amakisi qurgan Konstantin Sneed House yilda Brentvud, Tennesi, ro'yxatiga kiritilgan Tarixiy joylarning milliy reestri.

Karli a Brownie lekin a bo'lmadi Skaut qiz oilasining tez-tez ko'chib ketishi tufayli.[24] U ishtirok etdi Channing maktabi, Londonda. Keyinchalik u beshta o'rta maktabda, shu jumladan bitta maktabda o'qigan Gana,[25] tugatish Charlz E. Jordan o'rta maktabi yilda Durham, Shimoliy Karolina. Bir paytlar u klassik bo'lishga intilgan pianinochi.[26] U oldi San'at bakalavri falsafa va o'rta asrlar tarixida Stenford universiteti, 1976 yilda. Yozlari davomida u kotib bo'lib ishlagan Kelly xizmatlari.[27] U ishtirok etdi UCLA yuridik fakulteti 1976 yilda, lekin o'qishni tashlagan[28] bir semestrdan keyin. U olti oy davomida ko'chmas mulk firmasida qabulxonada ishlagan, Markus va Millichap, broker lavozimiga ko'tarilish. 1977 yilda turmush qurganida, u va eri ko'chib ketishdi Boloniya, Italiya, u qaerda bitiruv malakaviy ishini olib borgan;[29] u erda u italiyalik ishbilarmonlarga ingliz tili bo'yicha repetitorlik qildi.[23][30]

1980 yilda Fiorina a Biznes ma'muriyati magistri, marketingda, dan Robert H. Smit biznes maktabi da Merilend universiteti, kollej parki. 1989 yilda u a Ilmiy magistr, menejmentda, da MIT Sloan menejment maktabi, ostida Sloan Fellows dastur.[31]

Biznes martaba

AT&T va Lucent

Shuningdek qarang: Lucent Technologies

1980 yilda Fiorina qo'shildi AT & T katta federal agentliklarga telefon xizmatlarini sotadigan boshqaruv stajyeri sifatida.[32] 1990 yilda u kompaniyaning apparat va tizim bo'limini boshqaruvchi katta vitse-prezident lavozimidagi birinchi ayol ofitserga aylandi,[33] oxir-oqibat Shimoliy Amerikadagi operatsiyalarini boshqaradi.[33][34]

1995 yilda Fiorina Lucent Technologies, Inc. quyi tashkilot ochish AT&T dan Western Electric va Bell laboratoriyalari yangi kompaniyaga bo'linishlar.[35] Ushbu lavozimda u Lucent bosh ijrochi direktoriga xabar berdi Genri B. Shaxt.[36] U 1996 yilni rejalashtirish va amalga oshirishda muhim rol o'ynadi birlamchi ommaviy taklif muvaffaqiyatli aktsiyalar va kompaniyalarni ishga tushirish strategiyasining.[33][37][38] Spin-off AQSh tarixidagi eng muvaffaqiyatli IPOlardan biriga aylandi AQSH$3 mlrd.[32][35]

Keyinchalik 1996 yilda Fiorina Lucentning iste'mol tovarlari sektori prezidenti etib tayinlandi.[37] 1997 yilda u Lucent's guruhi prezidenti etib tayinlandi AQSH$19 milliard global xizmat ko'rsatuvchi biznes kompaniyasi, kompaniyaning eng yirik mijozlar segmenti uchun marketing va sotuvlarni nazorat qiladi.[33][39] O'sha yili Fiorina a AQSH$Lucentning iste'molchilar bilan aloqalari o'rtasidagi 2,5 milliard qo'shma korxona va Royal Philips Electronics, nomi ostida Flibsning iste'molchilar bilan aloqasi (PCC).[40][41] 1998 yil 12 oktyabr nashrida Baxt jurnali, Fiorina "Amerika biznesidagi eng kuchli ayol" deb topildi.[32]

Lucent 22000 ish o'rinlarini qo'shdi va daromadlar 19 milliard AQSh dollaridan 38 milliard AQSh dollarigacha o'sdi va kompaniyaning bozor ulushi har bir mintaqada har bir mahsulot uchun oshdi.[35][42] Fortune jurnalining yozishicha, Lucent o'z mijozlariga pul berish orqali savdoni ko'paytirgan va shunday deb yozgan edi: "Buxgalteriya hisobi sehrlarida kreditlardan olingan pullar Lucentning daromadlari to'g'risidagi hisobotda yangi daromad sifatida paydo bo'la boshladi. go'yoki qattiq aktiv sifatida varaq ".[42] Lucent aktsiyalarining narxi 10 baravar o'sdi.[42]

Hewlett-Packard (HP)

Ishga qabul qilish

Fiorina Bosh direktor va Boshqaruv Raisi sifatida Hewlett-Packard, 2004 yil 2-avgust.

1999 yil iyulda, Hewlett-Packard kompaniyasi muvaffaqiyat bilan Fiorina bosh ijrochi direktori deb nomlandi Lyuis Platt va ichki nomzoddan ustun turadi Enn Livermor.[43] Metyu Boyl Baxt Jurnalda Fiorinaning HP kompaniyasining birinchi ayol bosh direktori sifatida yollanganligi to'g'risida shunday deyilgan: "Karli Fiorina shunchaki uni buzmadi shisha shift, u buni FORTUNE 20 kompaniyasini boshqargan birinchi ayol sifatida yo'q qildi. "[44][45][46]

Yozish Baxt 2015 yil avgust oyida jurnal, Jeffri Sonnenfeld ishga yollanishni "o'zining zaharlangan siyosati bilan to'ldirilgan, ishlamaydigan HP boshqaruv qo'mitasi natijasida, uni na bosh direktori tajribasi va na to'liq kengash bilan intervyu bo'lmagan holda yollaganligi" natijasida ta'riflagan.[47] Fiorina oldingilaridan kattaroq imzolash taklifini oldi, jumladan: AQSH$Unga Lucent aktsiyasi va u qoldirgan opsionlar o'rnini qoplash uchun 65 million cheklangan aktsiyalar,[42] a AQSH$3 million imzolash bonusi, a AQSH$1 million yillik ish haqi (ortiqcha a AQSH$1.25–AQSH$3.75 million yillik mukofot), AQSH$36,000 ipoteka yordami, ko'chib o'tishga nafaqa va shaxsiy ishlarda kompaniya samolyotlaridan foydalanishga ruxsat (va rag'batlantirish).[48] Fortune shuningdek uni besh yil ketma-ket Amerikadagi eng qudratli ayol deb topdi.[49]

Agilent Technologies-ni HP-dan ajratish va PWC sotib olishni taklif qilish

Garchi kompaniyani bekor qilish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilingan bo'lsa-da analitik vositalar uning kelishidan oldin bo'linish, uning bosh ijrochi vazifasidagi birinchi vazifalaridan biri bu qismni yakka tartibda ajratilishini nazorat qilish edi. Agilent Technologies.[50] Fiorina texnologik xizmatlarni sotib olishni taklif qildi PricewaterhouseCoopers deyarli uchun AQSH$14 milliardni tashkil etdi, ammo Uoll-Stritdan noaniq qabul qilinganidan keyin taklifni qaytarib oldi.[51] Qulashi ortidan nuqta-com pufagi, PwC konsalting qo'li IBM tomonidan kamroq narxga sotib olingan AQSH$4 mlrd. Keyinchalik HP sotib oldi Elektron ma'lumotlar tizimlari, boshqa birov Fiorina strategiyasini tasdiqlash deb hisoblaydigan yana bir texnologik xizmat ko'rsatuvchi kompaniya.[52][53]

Compaq birlashishi

2001 yil sentyabr oyining boshlarida, portlashi natijasida Texnik qabariq, Fiorina Kompyuter ishlab chiqaruvchi Compaq kompaniyasini sotib olganligini e'lon qildi AQSH$Zaxirada 25 milliard,[8] o'sha paytda shaxsiy kompyuterlarni ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha Delldan keyin ikkinchi o'rinda turardi.[8] Birlashish yangiliklari bilan HP aktsiyalari 30 foizga pasaygan.[8] Compaq birlashishi jo'natilgan birliklar bo'yicha dunyodagi eng yirik shaxsiy kompyuter ishlab chiqaruvchisini yaratdi.[54][55][56]

Fiorina tez-tez HP direktorlar kengashi bilan ziddiyatga uchragan,[48][57] va u birlashish uchun kengash bilan kurashishi kerak edi. Walter Hewlett (kompaniya asoschilarining o'g'li Uilyam Xyulett ) ayniqsa kuchli qarshilikka sabab bo'lgan.[57][58] Dastlab Hewlett boshqa kengash a'zolari bilan Compaq bitimini ma'qullash uchun ovoz bergan, ammo keyinchalik u fikridan qaytgan.[8] U ishga tushirdi ishonchli vakilga qarshi kurash Fiorinaning sa'y-harakatlariga qarshi, Fiorina 51,4% aksiyadorlarning "ustara marjasi" bilan g'alaba qozondi va qo'llab-quvvatlashning asosiy qismini institutsional aktsiyadorlar ta'minladilar.[8][59] Prokurorlik jangida Fiorinani boshqa kengash a'zolari qo'llab-quvvatladilar,[8] shu jumladan Richard Xekborn, Filipp M. Kondit,[60] Jorj A. Keyvort, II,[61] va Robert Nouling.[8] Fiorina HP-ni qayta tuzishga kirishdi va uning Compaq bilan saqlagan qismlarini birlashtirdi.[62]

Birlashish dastlab deyarli universal skeptisizm bilan kutib olindi.[63] 2005 yil 7 fevraldagi son Baxt uning birlashish rejasini "muvaffaqiyatsiz" va prognozni "shubhali" deb ta'rifladi.[64] HP-ning birlashgandan keyingi integratsiya guruhini boshqargan biznes professori Robert Burgelman va HP-ning sobiq ijrochi vitse-prezidenti Uebb Makkinni birlashishni tahlil qilib, oxir-oqibat muvaffaqiyatli bo'lgan degan xulosaga kelishdi.[65] 2008 yilda Compaq kompaniyasining bosh direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi Ben Rozen Fiorinada birlashtirilgan kompaniyani boshqarish mahoratiga ega emasligiga qaramay, uning vorislari uni ishlashga majbur qilishdi.[63] HP Compaq operatsiyalarini birlashtira oldi va dunyodagi eng yirik shaxsiy kompyuterlar sotuvchisi sifatida namoyon bo'ldi. Tez orada sanoat tanazzulga yuz tutdi va bu kompaniya uchun ko'proq qiyinchiliklarni keltirib chiqardi. HP nihoyat hisobdan chiqarildi AQSH$Shaxsiy kompyuter bozori pasayganligi sababli sotib olishdan 1,2 mlrd.[66] Ortga nazar tashlasak, 2011 yil The New York Times maqolada uni "vaqtning eng shubhali kelishuvlaridan biri" deb ta'riflagan.[67]

Sanksiyalarga qaramay Eronga sotish bo'yicha da'volar

Shuningdek qarang: Hewlett Packard § Sanktsiyalarga qaramay Eronga sotish

1997 yilda, Fiorina kompaniyaga qo'shilishidan oldin, HPning Gollandiyadagi filiali Dubaydagi Redington ko'rfazidagi HP bilan mahsulot sotadigan kompaniya bilan hamkorlik o'rnatdi. Eron.[68] HP-da Fiorina rahbarligida kompaniya Eronga xorijiy sho'ba korxonasi orqali millionlab dollarlik printer va kompyuter mahsulotlarini sotdi, AQSh esa eksport sanksiyalari amalda edi.[69][70] Hikoya dastlab tomonidan xabar qilinganidan keyin Boston Globe 2008 yilda,[71] The SEC HPga so'rov xati yubordi, u ushbu mahsulotlarga javob berdi AQSH$120-moliya 2008 yilda sotilgan[72] savdo eksport sanktsiyalarini buzmaganligi sababli, ular chet el filiali orqali amalga oshirilganligi sababli.[68] Sanktsiyalar ustida ishlagan sobiq rasmiylarning so'zlariga ko'ra, HP o'z savdolarini xorijiy sho'ba korxonasi orqali yo'naltirish orqali bo'shliqdan foydalangan.[68] HP SEC so'rovidan so'ng Redington ko'rfazi bilan munosabatlarini to'xtatdi.[68]

HP serverlarini NSAga taqdim etish

2015 yil sentyabr oyida bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida Maykl Isikoff, Fiorina buni keyingi haftalarda aytdi 11 sentyabr terroristik hujumlari 2001 yilda u telefon qildi Maykl Xeyden, keyin Milliy xavfsizlik agentligining direktori, HP kompyuter serverlarini NSAga kengaytirilgan kuzatuv uchun ta'minlashda yordam so'rab.[73] Xeyden HP serverlariga so'rov yuborganligini tasdiqladi Yulduzli shamol, 2001-2007 NSA kafil bo'lmagan kuzatuv dasturi, ammo tafsilotlar o'sha paytda Fiorinaga oshkor qilinmagan.[73] Fiorina "Xaydenning talabini bajara olganini, Tennesi shtatidagi omborxonadan chakana savdo do'konlariga yo'l olayotgan HP kompyuter serverlarining yuk mashinalarini yo'naltirganini tan oldi. Vashington Beltvusi, qaerda ular NSA xavfsizligi tomonidan kuzatilgan "agentlikka Fort Meade shtab-kvartirasi. 2015 yilda Fiorina shunday dedi: "Men yordam berishni o'zimning burchim deb bildim va biz ham shunday qildik", - deb qo'shib qo'ydi u, "ular butun dasturlar to'plamini kengaytirayotgan edilar va butun bir qatorni sinab ko'rish va nazorat qilish uchun juda ko'p ma'lumotni siqish qobiliyatiga muhtoj edilar". tahdidlar ... Men o'sha paytda bilganim, bizning millatimizga hujum qilingan. "[73] Xeyden, shuningdek, Fiorinadan agentlikka "Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi maxfiy josuslik missiyasini hukumat tomonidan oshib borishi va jamoatchilik oldida ko'proq hisobdorlik va oshkoralik talablarini oshirish madaniyatini qanday saqlab qolish mumkinligi to'g'risida" maslahat berishni iltimos qildi. Fiorinaning so'zlariga ko'ra, u agentlikka "iloji boricha shaffof, imkon qadar ko'proq" bo'lishni maslahat bergan.[73]

HP madaniyatidagi o'zgarishlar

Fiorinaning HP-dagi salafi uning o'rniga chet ellik odamni taklif qildi, chunki u kompaniyaning xotirjam bo'lib qolgani va konsensus asosida qaror qabul qilish kompaniyaning rivojlanishiga to'sqinlik qilmoqda. Fiorina kelganidan ko'p o'tmay uchta katta o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirdi: almashtirish foyda taqsimoti Kompaniya moliyaviy kutishlarni qondirgan taqdirda berilgan mukofotlar bilan, operatsion birliklarni 83 dan 12 gacha qisqartirish va orqa ofis funktsiyalarini birlashtirish.[8]

Fiorina HP ishchilari va texnika jamoatchiligi o'rtasida HPning teng huquqliligi yo'q qilinishidagi etakchi roli uchun keskin munosabatlarga duch keldi "HP yo'li "ish madaniyati va rahbarlik falsafasi,[48][57][74] u yangilikka to'sqinlik qilayotganini sezdi.[48][75] HP madaniyatida o'zgarishlar yuz bergani va ishdan bo'shatishning oldini olish uchun ish haqini ixtiyoriy ravishda qisqartirishni so'raganliklari sababli (keyinchalik HP tarixidagi eng katta ishdan bo'shatishlar kuzatildi) HP-da ishchilarning qoniqish bo'yicha so'rovlari ilgari Amerikadagi eng yuqori ko'rsatkichlardan biri bo'lib, "keng tarqalgan baxtsizlik" va ishonchsizlikni,[48][76] Ba'zida Fiorinani kompaniya yig'ilishlarida aldashgan va HP kompaniyasiga hujum qilishgan elektron e'lon taxtasi.[48]

Ga binoan Fiscal Times, Fiorina va boshqalar u "o'z vorislari davrida HPning ba'zi yutuqlariga zamin yaratgan" va u Internetda raqobatlashishi uchun HP-da madaniyatni silkitganini ta'kidladilar.[77]

iPod + HP

Asosiy maqola: iPod + HP

2004 yil yanvar oyida Fiorina bilan kelishuv e'lon qildi olma asoschisi Stiv Jobs uchun iPod + HP - a qo'shma brend iPod HP chakana savdo kanallari orqali sotiladi.[78] Shartnoma doirasida HP-ga 2006 yil avgustgacha iPod-ga raqobatchisini sotish taqiqlandi va HP oldindan o'rnatishga rozi bo'ldi iTunes sotilgan har bir kompyuterda.[79] Fiorina HP + iPod-ni e'lon qilishidan ikki kun oldin, Jobs yangi mahsulotini e'lon qildi iPod mini, Fiorinani qo'riqchidan ushlab qolish.[80] HP iPod-ning yangi versiyalarini o'z vaqtida sotmadi va ularni bir necha oy davomida eskirgan qurilmani sotishda qoldirdi. Bundan tashqari, Apple xuddi shu chakana kanallar orqali o'z iPodlarini sotishni boshladi.[79] Natijada, dasturning eng yuqori cho'qqisida iPod + HP sotuvlari umumiy iPod sotuvlarining ozgina qismini tashkil etdi.[81] 2005 yil iyul oyida, Fiorina bosh direktor lavozimidan ketgandan ko'p o'tmay, uning o'rnini egalladi Mark Xird ish boshlagan kundan keyin HP kompaniyasining Apple bilan shartnomasini bekor qildi,[82] HP tomonidan innovatsiyaga qaytish sifatida yaxshi qabul qilingan "juda ramziy qaror".[83][84]

Stiven Levi, 2015 yilda ushbu bitim to'g'risida yozgan holda, "Stiv Djobs uni va HP aktsiyadorlarini dabdabali ravishda mug'lashtirgan. Fiorina-ni iPod-ni HP-ning musiqa pleyeri sifatida qabul qilish orqali Jobs o'zining [iTunes] dasturini millionlab kompyuterlarga bepul, bo'g'ib qo'ygan. uning asosiy raqobatchisi va ixtiroga mag'rur bo'lgan kompaniyani qo'lga kiritdi, chunki u Apple eng yaxshi ixtirochi deb e'lon qildi. Va u hech narsani yo'qotmadi ... "[85]

Ishdan bo'shatish

2001 yil yanvar oyida HP 1700 marketing xodimini ishdan bo'shatdi.[86] 2001 yil iyun oyida Fiorina xodimlardan ish haqini qisqartirishni yoki ajratilgan ta'til vaqtidan qo'shimcha xarajatlarni kamaytirish uchun foydalanishni so'radi, natijada 80 mingdan ortiq odam ro'yxatdan o'tdi va HPni tejashga imkon berdi AQSH$130 million.[87] Xodimlarning sa'y-harakatlariga qaramay, iyul oyida Fiorina 6000 ish o'rni qisqartirilishini e'lon qildi, bu kompaniyaning 64 yillik tarixidagi eng katta pasayish,[88][89] ammo bu qisqartirishlar Compaq birlashishi e'lon qilingandan keyingina sodir bo'lmaydi.[90] 2001 yil sentyabr oyida Fiorina Compaq bilan birlashganda qo'shimcha 15000 ish joyini qisqartirishni niyat qilganligini aytdi.[88][91]

Umuman olganda, Fiorina ishdan bushash AQShning 30 ming xodimi.[6][92] Ga binoan PolitiFact, o'sha 30 mingta ishdan bo'shatish "Compaq bilan birlashishi natijasida ...."[6] 2004 yilga kelib, HP xodimlarining soni HP va Compaq qo'shilishidan oldingi umumiy ko'rsatkich bilan bir xil edi va bu 2004 yilga HP tomonidan 2001 yildan buyon sotib olingan boshqa kompaniyalarning taxminan 8000 xodimi kirdi.[6][93][94] Umuman olganda, Fiorina rahbarligi ostida HP ishchilarining aniq daromadiga ega edi, shu jumladan birlashishdagi xodimlar va Qo'shma Shtatlardan tashqaridagi mamlakatlarda yollanganlar.[7]

1999 yilda, Fiorina HP bosh direktori bo'lganida, kompaniyada 84 800 ishchi bo'lgan.[94] Compaq bilan birlashgandan so'ng, kompaniyada dunyo bo'ylab jami 145000 ishchi bo'lgan.[95] 2005 yilda iste'foga chiqarilgan paytda, HP boshqa bir nechta kompaniyalarni sotib olgandan so'ng, HP kompaniyasining 150 mingga yaqin xodimi bor edi.[6]

Majburiy iste'fo

Fiorina kompaniyasining bosh direktori lavozimini egallab turgan paytda Kompaq va boshqa kompaniyalar bilan birlashishi natijasida HP daromadi ikki baravarga oshdi va patentga hujjatlarni topshirish darajasi oshdi.[96][97] Bundan tashqari, HP-ning pul oqimi 40% ga o'sdi va 6,8 milliard dollarni tashkil etdi.[98][99] Biroq, kompaniya boshqa bir qator ko'rsatkichlarni past darajada bajargan: HP ko'rsatkichlarida yutuqlar bo'lmagan sof daromad ning sof daromadidagi 70% daromadga qaramay S&P 500 ushbu davrda;[96] kompaniyaning qarzi ko'tarildi AQSH$4.25 mlrd AQSH$6,75 milliard;[96] va uning aktsiyalari narxi 50% ga pasayib, S&P 500 Axborot texnologiyalari sektori indeksidagi pasayishdan oshdi va NASDAQ.[96][100] Aksincha, uchun aktsiyalar narxi IBM va Dell shu vaqt ichida mos ravishda 27,5% va 3% ga kamaydi.[100] Compaq sotib olish "Fiorina" singari o'zgaruvchan emas edi va kengash o'ylaganidek: birlashish proksi-serverida ular birlashtirilgan tashkilotlarning shaxsiy kompyuterlar bo'linmasi 2003 yilda 3,0% operatsion marj hosil qilishini prognoz qilishgan, haqiqiy ko'rsatkich esa 0,1% o'sha yili va 2004 yilda 0,9%.[8]

2004 yilda HP o'zining uchinchi chorakdagi prognozi bo'yicha daromadlarini keskin pasaytirdi va Fiorina 5 AM telefon qo'ng'irog'i paytida uchta rahbarni ishdan bo'shatdi.[48] 2005 yil yanvar oyining boshlarida Hewlett-Packard direktorlar kengashi Fiorina bilan kompaniya faoliyati va umidsizlikka olib keladigan daromad hisobotlari bilan bog'liq bo'lgan kengashning muammolari ro'yxatini muhokama qildi.[8][9][10] Kengash o'z vakolatlarini HP bo'linmalarining rahbarlariga o'tkazish rejasini taklif qildi, bu Fiorina qat'iy qarshilik ko'rsatdi.[10] Uchrashuvdan bir hafta o'tgach, maxfiy reja oshkor bo'ldi The Wall Street Journal.[101] Ga binoan BusinessWeek 's Ben Elgin, direktorlar, shuningdek, kengashning Fiorina bilan samarali ishlay olmasliklaridan xavotirda edilar.[102]

Oradan bir oy o'tmay, boshqaruv kengashi yana olib keldi Tom Perkins va Fiorinani kompaniya raisi va bosh ijrochi direktori lavozimidan ketishga majbur qildi.[103] Uning ketishi haqidagi xabarda kompaniya aktsiyalari 6,9 foizga ko'tarilib, bir kun ichida HP qiymatiga deyarli uch milliard dollar qo'shdi.[104][105]

Uning kitobida Qiyin tanlovlar, u kengash a'zolarining xatti-harakatlarini "havaskor va etuk bo'lmagan" deb atadi.[106] Larri Sonsini, Fiorinaning majburiy iste'fosi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan qochqinni tekshirgan, Fiorinaga bergan hisobotida kengashni "ishlamay qolgan" deb ta'riflagan.[106]

2008 yil 13 mayda HP, o'sha paytdagi Ijro etuvchi boshlig'i Mark Xird, sotib olish bo'yicha kelishuvga erishganligini tasdiqladi Elektron ma'lumotlar tizimlari, Compaq sotib olinganidan buyon eng kattasi. Xabar qilinishicha, narx 12,6 milliard dollarni tashkil etgan.[107] E'lon qilingan paytda Loren Steffy of Xyuston xronikasi Fiorina ishlaganidan keyin EDS sotib olish uning bir qismini sotib olishni rejalashtirmaganligining isboti deb taxmin qildi Pricewaterhouse Coopers oqlandi.[108]

Sifatida tavsiflangan Fiorina bilan kompaniyaning kelishuviga binoan oltin parashyut tomonidan Vaqt jurnal,[109] va Yahoo! Moliya,[110] Fiorina ishdan bo'shatish paketi bilan baholandi AQSH$21 million, bu uning yillik ish haqining 2,5 baravaridan oshadigan mukofot va aktsiyalarga tezlashtirilgan egalik huquqidan qolgan mablag '.[8][111]Ga binoan Baxt jurnal, Fiorina yig'di AQSH$HP kompaniyasidagi qisqa muddati davomida 100 million tovon puli.[47]

Biznesning etakchi obrazi

2003 yilda Fiorina tomonidan nomlangan Fortune jurnali biznesdagi eng qudratli ayol, bu lavozimda u besh yil davomida ishlagan.[8][112][113] 2004 yilda u tarkibiga kiritilgan Vaqt 100 "dunyodagi eng nufuzli odamlar" reytingi[114] va o'ninchi deb nomlangan Forbes Dunyoning eng kuchli 100 ayollari ro'yxati.[115] 2005 yilda, The Wall Street Journal Fiorinani "buyuk tasavvurlarni xarizmatik, ammo o'ziga xos va talabchan uslublar bilan birlashtirgan bosh ijrochi xodimlarning jozibali, ziddiyatli yangi zotlari" ning timsoli deb ta'rifladi.[116] Xuddi shu yili, Uorton biznes maktabi professor Maykl Usem "Fiorina etakchilik uslubida yuqori natijalarga erishdi, ammo u strategiyani bajara olmadi".[117]

HP-dan majburan iste'foga chiqqandan so'ng, bir nechta sharhlovchilar Fiorinani eng yomon amerikalik (yoki texnik) bosh direktorlardan biri deb hisoblashdi.[118][119][120] 2008 yilda, InfoWorld uni HP-ning bosh direktori lavozimidagi barcha davrlarning oltinchi eng yomon texnologik flopi deb e'lon qilgan va "antiteknik" sifatida tavsiflagan mahsulot va g'oyalar ro'yxati bilan birlashtirdi.Stiv Jobs "geeks" ning xayrixohligini bekor qilish va mavjud mijozlarni chetlashtirish uchun.[121][122] Fiorina bosh direktori bo'lganida, HP beshta samolyotni, shu jumladan ikkitasini ijaraga olgan yoki sotib olgan Gulfstream IV, to'rtta eskirgan samolyotni almashtirish uchun, faqat bittasida chet elga uchish masofasi bo'lgan.[123][124] Narxiga sotib olingan bitta Gulfstream IV AQSH$30 million va Fiorina "eksklyuziv" foydalanish uchun mavjud,[125] kompaniyaning ishdan bo'shatilishi paytida Fiorinaning qimmat o'zini reklama qilish va yuqoridan pastga boshqaruv uslubidan shikoyat qilgan HP xodimlari orasida mitingga aylandi.[8][88][124] Jeffri Sonnenfeld ning Yel menejment maktabi 2015 yil avgust oyida Fiorinaning etakchilik uslubidagi muammolar HPni ish paytida uning yarim qiymatini yo'qotishiga sabab bo'lganligini aytdi.[47]

Boshqalar uning biznesdagi etakchilik qarorlarini himoya qildilar va Compaq birlashishini uzoq muddat davomida muvaffaqiyatli deb hisobladilar.[108][126][127][128]

Karyera va jamoat shaxsiyatining o'tishi

Tarjimai hol

2006 yil oktyabr oyida Fiorina tarjimai holini nashr etdi Qiyin tanlovlar, uning karerasi va masalalar haqidagi qarashlari, etakchini nimadan iboratligi, ayollarning biznesda qanday rivojlanishi mumkinligi va dunyoni qayta shakllantirishda texnologiyaning roli davom etadi. NPR Books-ning sharhida "Kitobda Fiorinaning Amerikaning eng kuchli ayol ijrochi direktori sifatida o'sishi va pasayishi yoritilgan" deb ta'kidlangan.[129]

Fiorinaning HP-da birlashishdagi roli to'g'risida boshqalarning avvalgi kitoblarida: Orqaga qaytish, (2003)[130] Piter Burrows va Ajoyib: Karli Fiorina va Hewlett-Packardning qayta ixtirosi, (2003),[131] tomonidan Jorj Anders. 2003 yil sharh The New York Times ushbu kitoblardan bittasida "Bitim va uning asosiy chempioni - Hewlett-Packard kafedrasi va bosh ijrochi direktori Karli Fiorina haqidagi ikkita yangi kitob - bu birlashishdan darhol sarmoyadorlar juda ko'p narsalarni yig'ib olishlari mumkinligini ko'rsatmoqda" deb aytilgan.[132]

Boshqa tashkiliy ishtirok

2007 yil oktyabr oyida Fiorina Fox biznes tarmog'i biznes sharhlovchi sifatida.[133]

HP-dan iste'foga chiqqanidan so'ng, Fiorina boshqaruv kengashida xizmat qildi Inqilob sog'liqni saqlash guruhi[134] va kompyuter xavfsizligi kompaniyasi Kiber-ishonch 2005 yilda.[135] 2006 yilda u chip ishlab chiqaruvchi direktorlar kengashining a'zosi bo'ldi Tayvan yarimo'tkazgich ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi (TSMC),[136] ammo 2009 yil 30 noyabrda ushbu kengashdan iste'foga chiqdi, chunki kompaniya buni "u butun vaqtini va kuchini Senatdagi kampaniyasiga sarflashni rejalashtirgani uchun" deb aytdi.[137] U 2009 yilda TSMC direktorlari yig'ilishlarining 17 foizida va 2008 yilda TSMK direktorlarining 20 foiz yig'ilishlarida qatnashgan.[138][139] U a'zosi sifatida xizmat qilgan MIT korporatsiyasi[140][141] 2004 yildan 2012 yilgacha. U Jamg'arma kengashining a'zosi bo'lgan Jahon iqtisodiy forumi (WEF) 2005 yilda.[9][142][143] U faxriy do'st London biznes maktabi.[144] 2012 yil iyul oyida viloyat hokimi Bob McDonnell Virjiniya uni uni tayinladi Jeyms Medison universiteti Tashrif buyuruvchilar kengashi.[145][146] 2015 yilda Fiorina an faxriy unvon va etkazib berildi boshlanish manzili da Janubiy Nyu-Xempshir universiteti.[147]

Fiorina - biznes va xayriya jamg'armasi bo'lgan Carly Fiorina Enterprises kompaniyasining raisi va bosh direktori.[148] Vakil "Fiorina Enterprises" ni "... Fiorina jamoatchilikni faoliyati to'g'risida ma'lumot bilan ta'minlashda, tashqi ishlar va tashqi ko'rinishda gapirishda yordam bergan notijorat korxona ..." deb ta'rifladi.[149] The San-Fransisko xronikasi 2009 yil iyul oyidan boshlab u "Kaliforniya shtatida yoki Fiorina yashaydigan Santa-Klara okrugining kotibi yoki Kaliforniya shtatida biznesni olib borish uchun hech qachon o'zining Carly Fiorina Enterprises-ni ro'yxatdan o'tkazmagan".[149]

Xayriya va notijorat ishlar

Yaxshi 360

2012 yil aprel oyida Fiorina rais bo'ldi Yaxshi 360, a 501 (c) (3) partiyasiz notijorat tashkilot yilda Iskandariya, Virjiniya, bu kompaniyalarga ortiqcha tovarlarni xayriya tashkilotlariga topshirishga yordam beradi.[150][151] Good360 tomonidan doimiy ravishda reyting berilgan Forbes eng samarali 10 xayriya tashkilotlaridan biri sifatida jurnal,[152] va Qo'shma Shtatlardagi 33-chi eng katta xayriya tashkilotiga aylandi.[153] Fiorina, Good360 "dunyodagi eng yirik mahsulot xayriya bozori. Biz kompaniyalarga ortiqcha zaxiralarni olishda yordam beramiz, so'ngra ushbu ortiqcha zaxiralarni ushbu mamlakat bo'ylab tekshirilgan 37000 xayriya tashkilotlariga tarqatamiz" deb ta'kidladi.[154] 2014 yil sentyabr oyida Fiorina Good360 tomonidan Amerika korporatsiyalarini "kurashishga yordam berish uchun jalb qilishga harakat qildi Ebola virusi G'arbiy Afrikada - aniq narsalarni ehson qilish orqali. "[155] U 2015 yilda prezidentlikka nomzodini e'lon qilganda tashkilotni tark etdi.[156]

Bitta ayol tashabbusi

Fiorina "Bir ayol tashabbusi" (OWI) Jamg'armasi raisi bo'lib ishlagan, bu xususiy sektor va davlat idoralari, shu jumladan AQSh Xalqaro taraqqiyot agentligi (USAID) va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Davlat departamenti (DoS).[157][158] OWI o'zini "Xalqaro ayollarning imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish jamg'armasi" deb ta'riflaydi, u "musulmonlar ko'p bo'lgan mamlakatlarda va ko'p sonli musulmon aholisi bo'lgan mamlakatlarda mavjud tashabbuslarni qo'llab-quvvatlash" va "asosiy vakolat berish masalalariga, shu jumladan tadbirkorlik, siyosiy etakchilik va qonun ustuvorligiga e'tibor qaratishga" intiladi.[159] OWI ushbu maqsadlarga erishish uchun grantlar ajratish uchun mablag 'yig'ishini aytdi, ajratmalar ajratilgan bo'lim 501 (c) (3) tomonidan belgilangan tashkilot orqali boshqariladi.[159]

2009 yil iyun oyida USAID OWI grantlari jami tugaganligini e'lon qildi AQSH$500000 Ozarbayjon, Misr, Hindiston, Pokiston va Filippindagi boshlang'ich tashkilotlarga o'tkazildi.[160]

Xalqaro imkoniyat

2013 yil 14 fevralda, Xalqaro imkoniyat Fiorina va OWI bilan qashshoqlikda yashaydigan ikki million ayolga moliyaviy resurslar, ta'lim va o'qitish uchun hamkorlik qilish to'g'risida e'lon qildi.[161] Fiorina International Opportunity-dagi global elchi deb nomlangan.[161] 2015 yil 4-may kuni "Opportunity International" Fiorina prezidentlikka nomzodi e'lon qilingandan so'ng Kengash tarkibidan ketishini e'lon qildi.[162]

Fiorina jamg'armasi

Fiorina - "Fiorina Foundation" xayriya tashkilotining raisi va bosh direktori, shu jumladan bolalar uchun "Care-a-Van", og'ir kasal bolalarga transport dasturi va Afrika etakchilik akademiyasi, Janubiy Afrikadagi ta'lim muassasasi.[149] Jamg'arma 'korporatsiyalarga, notiq ayollarga va xayriya ishlariga dunyodagi eng qiyin muammolarni hal qilish imkoniyatini beradi', deb yozadi Fiorina veb-sayti, carlyfiorina.com. " [149]

The San-Fransisko xronikasi "Rekordlar shuni ko'rsatadiki, uning Fiorina jamg'armasi hech qachon Ichki Daromadlar Xizmati yoki davlat bosh prokurorining xayriya tashkilotlarida ro'yxatdan o'tmagan, bu soliqlardan ozod qilingan xayriya tashkilotlari majburiydir. Vakilning so'zlariga ko'ra," Fiorina va uning xodimlari bu fondga ishonishgan IRSga murojaat qilishlari shart emas, chunki u hech qanday tashqi badallarni qabul qilmagan va faqat o'zining shaxsiy boyligini munosib ishlarga sarflagan. "[149]

Siyosiy martaba

Fiorina hech qachon davlat lavozimida ishlamagan,[163][164][165] uning fikricha professional siyosatchilar Amerika xalqiga etkaza olmaganligini hisobga olib, uning begona maqomi ijobiy xususiyat ekanligini aytdi.[163] 2015 yilda Fox News telekanaliga bergan intervyusida "hozirda Amerika aholisining 82 foizi bizni davlat idoralarida xizmat qilish uchun professional siyosiy sinfdan tashqaridagi odamlar kerak deb o'ylashadi" deb aytgan.[166]

Respublika milliy qo'mitasi mablag 'yig'ish bo'yicha raisi va 2008 yilgi kampaniya

2006 yilda Fiorina respublikachi senatorning maslahatchisi bo'lib ishlagan Jon Makkeyn "s prezidentlik kampaniyasi. 2008 yil boshida uni ommaviy axborot manbalarida vitse-prezidentlikka potentsial nomzod deb atashgan,[167][168] va The New York Times u o'z nomzodini qo'yishni istamagan bo'lsa-da, u prezidentlikka nomzod bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan ijro etuvchi shaxs ekanligini ta'kidladi.[169] 2008 yil 7 martda Fiorina mablag 'yig'ish kafedrasi deb tan olindi Respublika milliy qo'mitasi "G'alaba" tashabbusi. Xabarlarga ko'ra, u biznes va iqtisodiy masalalar bilan bog'liq masalalarda Makkeynning saylovoldi kampaniyasida qatnashgan.[170] Fiorinaning nafaqa paketi 2005 yilda Hewlett-Packard kompaniyasidan kimdir kampaniya davomida siyosiy javobgarlik sifatida qaragan.[171][172][173]

O'sha kuni ertalab u tanlovni himoya qildi Sara Peylin Makkeynning sherigi sifatida va Peynlga bo'ysundirilganini aytdi seksist hujumlar, bu ayblovni bir necha kundan keyin u biriga javoban takrorladi Saturday Night Live Sara Peyninning parodiyalari.[174][175][176]

2008 yil 15 sentyabrda radioeshittirish paytida Palin Hewlett-Packard singari yirik kompaniyani boshqarish tajribasiga egami deb o'ylaysizmi, degan savolga Fiorina "Yo'q, men bunday qilmayman. Ammo u bu narsaga intilayotgani yo'q. Korporatsiya boshqarish boshqa narsalar to'plami. " Uning javobi to'g'risida savol berilganda, u: "Menimcha, Jon Makkeyn yirik korporatsiyani boshqarishi mumkin emas". Fiorinaning ta'kidlashicha, ikkala chiptadagi nomzodlarning hech biri yirik korporatsiyani boshqarish tajribasiga ega emas.[177][178][179] Fiorinaning sharhlari ommaviy axborot vositalarida yoritilgandan so'ng, u "jamoatchilik ko'zidan g'oyib bo'ldi" va rejali televizion chiqishlari bekor qilindi,[180] u partiyaning mablag 'yig'ish qo'mitasini boshqarishda davom etgan bo'lsa-da.[170][179][181][182][183] Javob berish Barak Obama ustidan g'alaba Hillari Klinton Demokratik boshlang'ich tashkilotida Fiorina Klintonning harakatlarini maqtab, respublika lageriga ko'proq ayollarni jalb qilishga intildi.[184]

Makkeyn kampaniyasiga murojaat qilib, Newsweek Fiorinani "har qanday yirik kampaniyalarda iqtisodiy masalalar bo'yicha eng taniqli surrogat" deb ta'riflagan.[185] Siyosiy tahlilchi Styuart Rothenberg Fiorinaning salbiy tomoni, Makkeyn uchun sherik bo'lgan vitse-prezident sifatida, "eskizni chizish juda oson", chunki Fiorina "demokratlar uchun gaplashadigan joyga aylanadi", u Fiorinani ishdan bo'shatish paketi va uning boshqaruv uslubiga e'tibor qaratadi. Rothenberg Fiorina Demokrat uchun "amalga oshirilgan tush kabi" degan xulosaga keldi muxolifat tadqiqotchilari.[186]

Mudofaa ishlari bo'yicha kengash va Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi

Fiorina bepul xizmat ko'rsatishni amalga oshirdi Mudofaa bo'yicha biznes kengash, boshqalar bilan bir qatorda kadrlar masalalarini ko'rib chiqdilar Pentagon.[187]

Fiorina ikki yil davomida etakchilik qildi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi Tashqi maslahat kengashi, 2007 yildan 2009 yilgacha,[187] va ushbu kengashning raisi bo'ldi,[188] kengash birinchi marta 2007 yilda o'sha paytdagi Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasi direktori tomonidan tashkil etilganida Maykl Xeyden davomida Jorj V.Bush ma'muriyati.[189]

2010 yil AQSh Senatining Kaliforniyaga nomzodi

Asosiy maqola: 2010 yil Kaliforniya shtatidagi AQSh Senatiga saylov
Fiorinaning nomzodi paytida saylovoldi tashviqoti belgisi AQSh senatori dan Kaliforniya.

2009 yil 4-noyabrda Fiorina o'zining nomzodini rasman e'lon qildi 2010 yilgi Senat saylovi amaldagi demokratni qo'lga kiritish uchun Barbara bokschi.[190][191][192][193] Fiorinaning ushbu o'rindiq uchun Respublikachilar partiyasida o'tkazgan saylovoldi kampaniyasi bir qator ma'qullangan, shu qatorda Sara Peylin shaklida a Facebook Eslatma.[194][195] Uning respublikachilarning raqibi haqidagi saylov kampaniyasi Tom Kempbell xususiyatli "Jin Qo'y "- Fiorina reklama maslahatchisi tomonidan yaratilgan Fred Devis III - asosan salbiy xalqaro reklama paydo bo'ldi.[196][197] Reklama ketgandan keyin virusli, Kaliforniya Demokratik partiyasi Fiorinaning o'zini jinlar qo'yi sifatida tasvirlaydigan reklama parodiyasini yaratdi.[198]

2010 yil 8 iyunda Fiorina Kempbell va shtat assambleyasini mag'lubiyatga uchratib, Senatning 50 foizdan ortiq ovozi bilan respublika birlamchi saylovlarida g'olib bo'ldi. Chak Devor.[199]

A Los Anjeles Tayms ommaviy yozuvlarni qidirish Fiorinaning ko'p saylovlarda ovoz berolmaganligini ko'rsatdi. Fiorina bunga javoban: "Men umr bo'yi ro'yxatdan o'tgan respublikachiman, lekin men har doim ham ovoz berganim yo'q va men bunga hech qanday bahona keltirmayman. Bilasizmi, odamlar ovoz berish huquqi uchun o'lishadi. Va juda ko'p Kaliforniyaliklar va amerikaliklar sport bilan shug'ullanishadi. doimiy ravishda bu fuqarolik burchim. Men bajarmadim. Menga uyat. "[200][201]

The Los Anjeles Tayms Fiorina borligini ta'kidladi konservativ aniq pozitsiyalar ijtimoiy muammolar. U shaxsan qarshi chiqdi abort, zo'rlash, qarindoshlararo munosabatlar yoki onaning hayotiga xavf tug'diradigan holatlar bundan mustasno.[202] Xususiy fuqaro sifatida u ovoz berganligini aytdi Taklif 8, bu nikohni bir erkak va bir ayol o'rtasidagi ittifoq deb belgilagan.[203] 2010 yil 4 avgustda Federal sud 8-taklif konstitutsiyaga zid bo'lgan degan qaroridan so'ng, Fiorina ushbu qaror bilan rozi emasligini bildirdi va Kaliforniyadagi saylovchilar 2008 yilda ko'pchilik ushbu taklifni ma'qullaganida bir jinsli uyushmalarga qarshi ochiqchasiga gapirganini aytdi.[204] U qarshi ekanligini aytdi litmus sinovlari uchun Oliy sud nomzodlar va federalga yoqmadi "shaxsiyat" tuzatish.[205] Fiorina qo'ng'iroq qildi Global isish "jiddiy masala", ammo uni o'rab turgan ilmning natijasi yo'qligini aytib, "Menimcha, biz ilmni doimiy ravishda tekshirib turishga jur'at etishimiz kerak" dedi.[206] Saylovoldi tashviqot kampaniyasida Fiorina Boxerning global isishdan xavotirlarini "ob-havo" xavotiriga o'xshatdi.[207] Fiorina ko'mir sanoatining hissalarini qabul qildi[208] shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Koch Industries.[209] Fiorina bunga qarshi chiqdi Savdo-sotiq to'g'risidagi qonun hujjatlari Boxer tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan va nazorat qilish uchun qilingan harakatlar issiqxona gazlari 3 million ish joyini talab qiladi va "katta halokatli".[210][211]

Moliyaviy ma'lumotlarda, Fiorina o'zining o'rtacha qiymatini aniqladi AQSH$30 million va AQSH$120 million,[212] va 22 oktyabrga qadar Fiorina jami o'z hissasini qo'shdi AQSH$O'z irqiga 6,5 ​​million.[213]

Sara Peylin 2-noyabr saylovlaridan ikki hafta oldin GOP mablag 'yig'ish marosimida ishtirok etishi kerak edi, ammo ikkalasi ham Meg Uitman (respublika nomzodi Kaliforniya gubernatori ) ham Fiorina - ikkalasi ham taniqli respublikachilar - ishtirok etishni rejalashtirishgan. Bashorat Palinning asosiy ma'qullashi uning umumiy saylovga nomzodini xavf ostiga qo'yishi edi.[214]

Bokschi Fiorinani 52,2% dan 42,2% gacha mag'lub etib, umumiy saylovlarda g'olib chiqdi.[215]

"Potentsial loyihani ochish" PAC

Fiorina ishlab chiqardi va ishlab chiqardi siyosiy harakatlar qo'mitasi (PAC) "Up-Project" nomi bilan tanilgan ("Potentsial loyihani ochish" qisqartmasi)[216] 2011 yildan 2014 yilgacha. Tashkilotning belgilangan vazifasi "... ayollarni yangi xabarlar va yangi xabarchilar bilan jalb qilish, saylovchilar bilan shaxsiy munosabatlarga e'tibor berish va saylovchilarni aniqlash, ishontirish va tashqariga chiqarishning an'anaviy usullaridan tashqariga chiqish ... "[217] 2014 yil noyabr oyida, Washington Post "Fiorinaga uning siyosiy kelajagini belgilashga yordam berish - bir vaqtlar Koch Industries-da ishlagan maslahatchilar Frank Sadler va uning rahbari strateg Stiven DeMaura. Amerikaliklar ish xavfsizligi uchun, Virjiniyadagi biznesni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi guruh ";[218][219] Up-Project veb-saytida Fiorina kafedra sifatida ko'rsatilgan.[220]

Amerika Konservativ Ittifoqi Jamg'armasi va CPAC

Karli Fiorina 2015 yilgi konservativ siyosiy harakatlar konferentsiyasida so'zga chiqqan (CPAC ), in Merilend shtatidagi Milliy port, 2015 yil 26-fevral.

2013 yil 1 oktyabrda, Al Kardenas, kafedra Amerika konservativ ittifoqi (ACU), Fiorinani Amerika Konservativ Ittifoqi Jamg'armasi (ACUF) raisi etib tayinladi.[221] ACU konservativ hisoblanadi 501 (c) (4) tashkilot, ACUF esa uning filiali hisoblanadi 501 (c) (3) yillik tashkil etuvchi fond Konservativ siyosiy harakatlar konferentsiyasi (CPAC).[189][221]

Fiorina konferentsiyada nutq so'zlagan CPAC-2014ning hamraisi bo'lgan.[189] CPAC 2015-da Fiorina yana konferentsiyada nutq so'zladi.[188][189][222] Ushbu nutqda Fiorina Respublikachilar partiyasidan prezidentlikka nomzodini qo'yishini e'lon qilishi taxmin qilingan edi,[188][189] ammo Fiorina bir necha oy o'tgach, 2015 yil 4-may kuni televizion va reklama videofilmida o'zining rasmiy bayonotini bermadi, u erda CPAC-dan gapirgan fikrlarini takrorladi va Demokratik nomzodga qarshi hujumni o'z ichiga oldi. Hillari Klinton.[223]

Fiorina 2015 yil boshida ACU Foundation raisi lavozimidan iste'foga chiqdi.[224]

AQSh prezidentlik kampaniyasi, 2016 yil

Asosiy maqola: Karli Fiorina prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti, 2016 yil
Karli Fiorina 2015 yilda Ayova shtati yarmarkasida o'tkazilgan Ayova o'sishi va imkoniyat partiyasida Des Moines, Ayova, 2015 yil oktyabr.

Fiorina bu nomzodga nomzod bo'lishini rad etdi AQSh Senati 2016 yilda,[225] ammo prezidentlikka nomzodini qo'yishni rad etdi 2016 yilda yoki Kaliforniya gubernatori 2018 yilda.[226][227][228][229] 2014 yil noyabr oyida, Washington Post Fiorina prezidentlikka nomzodni "faol ravishda o'rganayotgani" haqida xabar berdi. Uning ishbilarmonlik darajasi va "munosib erkaklar dengizidagi" yagona ayol sifatida maqomi ijobiy deb tilga olindi, respublikachilar strateglari uning 2010 yilgi Senatdagi halokatli kampaniyasi, saylov kampaniyasining to'lanmagan qarzlari va HP-dan ishdan bo'shatilishini "katta qiyinchiliklar" deb ta'kidladilar.[230] 2015 yil mart oyida Fiorina aytdi Fox News yakshanba that there was a "higher than 90% chance" that she would run for president in 2016.[231]

On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on Xayrli tong Amerika, bilan Jorj Stefanopulos.[232] Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of Hillari Klinton. It was reported that the GOP saw Fiorina as "the tip of the spear" in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she was uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias.[233]

Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets questioned her tenure as HP's CEO as a basis for her run for president, focusing around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, and contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.[234] Campaign Manager, Sarah Isgur Flores, deflected the job cut criticism saying, Fiorina "worked hard to save as many jobs as possible."[235][236]

On August 6, Fiorina participated in Fox News's first GOP debate. Failing to qualify for one of the Fox News Bosh vaqt debate slots, she was relegated to the debate airing earlier the same day.[237] Fiorina's performance led news sources to conclude she had won the early debate.[238][239][240] Following the debate, several pundits correctly predicted that her polling numbers would surge.[241][242] On August 9, Fiorina reported an uptick in fundraising support.[243] In onlayn so'rovnoma by NBC and SurveyMonkey on August 10, Fiorina came in fourth of the seventeen Republican contenders with 8% of the sampled Republican primary voters saying they would support her in a primary or a caucus, a gain in support of six points from previous polling data.[244]

Milliy sharh pointed out her role as foil to Hillari Klinton, saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say", and that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton.... She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton's record as a professional politician."[245] Millat commented, "With so-called women's issues poised to play an unprecedented role in the upcoming election, Republicans need someone who can troll Hillary Clinton without seeming sexist."[246] While noting she was named "the most powerful woman in business" by Fortune Magazine in 1998, Steve Deace of the Konservativ sharh stated, "Fiorina is a cross between Karson va Tramp. She has some of Carson's inspirational biography, and some of Trump's business acumen/resume."[247] Meg Uitman, keyin bosh direktor Hewlett Packard, stated that in her opinion Fiorina was not qualified to be President of the United States, stating that a business background is important but that having worked in government is also important, and that "it's very difficult for your first role in politics to be President of the United States".[248][249]

As part of her financial disclosures related to her candidacy, Fiorina reported a net worth of AQSH$59 million, with AQSH$12 million in income in 2013.[250][251] International Business Times estimates Fiorina's net worth between AQSH$30 million and AQSH$120 million.[252]

Her performances in early debates for the Republican primary nomination, particularly her rebukes of front-runner Donald Tramp in the September 16, 2015 debate, earned her a significant spike in the polls from 3% to 15% post-debate,[253][254][255] but her polling numbers dropped to 4% by October,[256] and to 3% in December.[257][258]On February 10, due to weak results in the Iowa and New Hampshire primaries, Fiorina announced that her campaign was suspended.[259] On March 9, 2016, Fiorina endorsed Texas Senator Ted Kruz for President, saying she was "horrified" by Donald Trump, and that Cruz was the only candidate that could stop him.[260]

Vitse-prezidentlik kampaniyasi

On April 27, 2016, Cruz announced that, if he were selected as the party's presidential nominee, he would choose Fiorina as his vice presidential running mate,[261] but after losing the Indiana shtab-kvartirasi six days later, he suspended his campaign,[262] making her vice-presidential candidacy the shortest in modern American history.[263]

Fiorina received one electoral college vote for vice president from a ishonchsiz elektorat Texasda.[264]

Siyosiy lavozimlar

Asosiy maqola: Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016 § Political positions

When she first entered politics as a Senate candidate in November 2009, Carly Fiorina was "considered to be a mo''tadil respublikachi with little history on social issues" and her views changed during her run for Senate and her run for President in 2016.[265] In 2017, she has described herself as konservativ.[266] In 2020, Fiorina announced that she would vote for Jo Bayden Prezident uchun.[267][268] FiveThirtyEight, a non-partisan organization which analyzes candidates' positions and conducts polling, considered Fiorina to be within the o'rtacha va tashkil etish wings of the GOP.[269]

Ijtimoiy muammolar

Fiorina is abortga qarshi.[270] She expressed support for legislation to ban abortlar 20 weeks after fertilization, with an exception for cases of rape, incest, or danger to the life of the mother.[271] In 2010, she said that Roe Vadega qarshi was settled law, but later reversed that position.[272] Fiorina supports overturning Roe Vadega qarshi, the 1973 Supreme Court ruling that legalized Qo'shma Shtatlarda abort qilish, leaving it to the states.[271] She does support embrional ildiz hujayralarini tadqiq qilish if the embryos were not created for that purpose.[273][274]

In a February 2015 speech, Fiorina acknowledged the scientific consensus that climate change is real and caused by human activity,[271] but expressed skepticism that government can affect the issue,[271][275] and has "implied that targeting the coal industry will not solve the problem".[271]

Fiorina said in May 2015 that "drug addiction shouldn't be criminalized" and cited "decriminalizing drug addiction and drug use" as an example of a successful reform.[276] Fiorina opposes marixuanani qonuniylashtirish, but says that she believes in states' rights, and that as president she will not enforce the federal ban on marijuana in Colorado, where voters have legalized marijuana as a matter of state law.[277]

While running for president, Fiorina has been a critic of the Umumiy asosiy davlat standartlari.[278][279] In September 2015, Fiorina said: "Orqada bola qolmaydi, Yuqoriga chiqish, Common Core — they're all big, bureaucratic programs that are failing our nation."[280] This was a reversal of her position on federal education policies during her 2010 campaign for U.S. Senate from California.[280][281] In that campaign, Fiorina issued a position paper in which she "strongly advocated for metric-based accountability in schools" and "praised No Child Left Behind as setting high standards, and Race to the Top for using internationally-benchmarked measures."[271]

In California, Fiorina supported the DREAM Act, bu imkon beradi children brought to the U.S. by their parents when they were under the age of 16 to secure permanent U.S. residency and a path to citizenship, if they graduate from college or serve in the armed forces.[271][275][282]

Carly Fiorina opposed same-sex marriage, but supported fuqarolik birlashmalari. She later said that she hoped the nation would support Obergefell va Xodjes, the decision legalizing same-sex marriage, and also respect individuals' consciences.[283] In November 2009, during a The Wall Street Journal interview, Fiorina said that she voted in favor of Taklif 8, a Kaliforniyadagi saylov byulleteni that banned same-sex marriage in that state. Davomida 2010 yil Kaliforniya shtatidagi AQSh Senatiga saylov, Fiorina was endorsed by GOProud, a gay conservative tashkilot.[284] In 2010, Fiorina stated that she supported the Nikohni himoya qilish to'g'risidagi qonun, but also supported fuqarolik birlashmalari.[285] U qo'llab-quvvatladi "So'ramang aytma" ni bekor qilish.[274] In 2015, Fiorina reaffirmed her support for civil unions with the same government benefits accorded to married persons.[286] She does not support a constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage.[287] In 2017, Fiorina headlined the 40th anniversary of Kirish kabinasi respublikachilar, a political action committee which supports LGBT rights.[288] In her address, she said, "Everyone has to be free to be who they are."[289]

Fiorina believes employers should decide whether they should provide paid Homiladorlik va tug'ish ta'tillari to their employees and it should not be mandated by the government, noting that some companies in the private sector are already doing so.[290][291] She also pointed out that HP, while she was CEO, offered paid maternity leave.[290]

Tashqi va harbiy siyosat

Fiorina has criticized the Eron bilan xalqaro yadroviy kelishuv, saying that Iran is "at the heart" of evil in the Middle East;[292] that the agreement is a "flawed deal";[293] and that "there is a lot of reason to be suspicious" of it.[294] Fiorina also suggested that verification provisions in the agreement were insufficient and that approval of the agreement by the xalqaro hamjamiyat va the U.S.'s negotiating partners was suspect because Rossiya va Xitoy have an interest in gaining access to Iran's economy and the Yevropa Ittifoqi "has negotiated, frankly, a number of weak deals."[294] Fiorina opposes the normalization of U.S.-Cuba relations, aytib berish Xyu Xyuitt that if elected she would close the U.S. embassy in Havana.[295] In a January 2015 discussion with an Iowa political blogger, Fiorina said of the Chinese: "They're not terribly imaginative. They're not entrepreneurial. They don't innovate. That's why they're stealing our intellectual property."[296] Fiorina supports keeping the Guantanamo qamoqxonasi in Cuba open.[297] In September 2015, Fiorina "offered a vigorous defense of CIA suv kemalari," a tactic used by the United States during the George W. Bush-era Terrorizmga qarshi urush.[73]

Economic and fiscal Issues

Fiorina was critical of the Arzon parvarishlash to'g'risidagi qonun (ACA) sog'liqni saqlash tizimini isloh qilish davomida qonunchilik debate in 2009 that led to the act's passage.[298] Fiorina has supported repealing the ACA during both her 2010 Senate run in California,[299][300] and in her 2015 presidential campaign.[301][302] Fiorina has called the law "deeply flawed"[303] and a "vast legislative overreach."[301] Fiorina supports an individual mandate that would require individuals to carry "high-deductible 'catastrophic care' insurance plans and use federal dollars to subsidize state-based high-risk pools to provide care for those who otherwise cannot afford it."[304]

Fiorina has stated that "there is no constitutional role for the federal government to be setting minimum wages"[305][306] and that the minimum wage "is a classic example of a policy that is best carried out in the states" because economic conditions in New Hampshire vary significantly from more expensive economic conditions in Los Angeles or New York.[307] Florina also believes that raising the federal minimum wage would "hurt those who are looking for entry-level jobs".[275]

Fiorina opposes aniq betaraflik rules adopted by the Federal aloqa komissiyasi (FCC), and has said she would "roll back" that policy: "Regulation over innovation is a really bad role for government."[271][308][309] Fiorina has repeatedly criticized the rules, arguing that "the FCC just issued—without anyone commenting on it or anyone voting on it—400 pages of new regulations over the Internet. It's not good, it's not helpful."[310]

Fiorina "generally believes that reducing government regulations helps to spur the economy".[275] She has condemned the Dodd - Frenk Uoll-stritni isloh qilish va iste'molchilar huquqlarini himoya qilish to'g'risidagi qonun, saying in April 2015 that "We should get rid of Dodd-Frank and start again."[311] Fiorina has been questioned by some in the media for stating that not "a single regulation has ever been repealed."[312] Glenn Kessler ning Washington Post said that, "Important parts of the economy have been deregulated in recent decades. While the repeal of a specific rule is relatively rare, there are certainly examples."[312]

Fiorina favors lowering tax rates, simplifying the tax code, and closing loopholes that she says mostly benefit wealthy taxpayers.[313][314] Florina has said "the government needs to take in less tax money, not more."[315] During her 2010 Senate campaign, Fiorina "called for eliminating the mol-mulk solig'i va kapitaldan olinadigan soliqlar for investments in small businesses, and lowering marginal soliq stavkalari."[275] Fiorina opposes proposals to increase the federal gas tax or state gas taxes in order to fund the Magistral yo'lning ishonchli jamg'armasi, asserting in a February 2015 The Wall Street Journal op-ed that "Any gas tax hike, big or small, will harm American families and hurt economic growth."[316] Fiorina opposed the federal stimulus package of 2009 intended to create short-term job growth and invest in infrastructure, education, health, and renewable energy, calling it a waste of taxpayer money.[275] Fiorina has said she would cut the pay of federal workers and base their compensation on performance.[275] She also advocates nolga asoslangan byudjetlashtirish for the federal budget, which would start the annual budgeting process for each department from a baseline of zero.[313]

Fiorina favors expanding the H-1B vizasi dastur.[317][318][319][320] Writing in opposition to proposals she considered protektsionist 2004 yilda The Wall Street Journal op-ed, Fiorina said that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy."[321] Fiorina said to Congress in 2004: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."[318]

Shaxsiy hayot

Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.[322] In 1981, she was introduced to AT & T executive Frank Fiorina, who told her on their third date that she would one day be running the company.[323] She married him in 1985; bu ikkalasi uchun ham ikkinchi nikoh edi. Fiorina has said that they wanted to have children together but "that wasn't God's plan".[324][325][326] Frank Fiorina took early retirement from AT&T in 1998[323] at age 48 to travel with and support his wife in her career.[327]

Frank Fiorina had two daughters, Traci and Lori Ann, from his first marriage. Their mother, Patricia, was awarded custody of both children following the divorce. Carly helped her husband with raising his daughters. Lori Ann struggled with alkogolizm, retsept bo'yicha dori giyohvandlik va bulimiya. She died in 2009 at age 35.[276][328]

In February 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with II bosqich ko'krak bezi saratoni. She underwent a double mastektomiya[329][330] da Stenford kasalxonasi in March 2009, followed by kimyoviy terapiya, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiatsiya terapiyasi.[331] She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery."[332][333] In late 2009, during her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara bokschi, Fiorina humorously told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."[334]

According to the financial disclosures filed by Fiorina's campaign in June 2015, she and her husband have a combined net worth of $59 million.[335] Fiorina has released the income soliq deklaratsiyalari that she and her husband jointly filed in 2013 and 2012; in those years, the Fiorinas reported income of almost $2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.[335]

Fiorina and her husband live in a home in the Vashington, Kolumbiya shahar atrofi Meyson Nek, Virjiniya, ga e'tibor bermay Potomak daryosi.[336][337] The house and grounds were valued at $6.6 million in 2015.[335] At the time of the 2010 Senate election, Fiorina and her husband lived in Los Altos-Xillz, Kaliforniya, a San-Fransisko ko'rfazi area suburb.[338][339] Between 2005 and 2012, Fiorina and her husband also owned a condominium in the Jorjtaun neighborhood of Washington, where they lived for roughly half the year; they sold the condo for $5.3 million.[338][340][341][342]

Discussing her religious faith, Fiorina said that she is Christian.[343] Specifically, she said that "she was raised Episkopal but is not a regular churchgoer."[344][345][346]

Shuningdek qarang

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  306. ^ Stiv Benen, Karli Fiorina eng kam ish haqini konstitutsiyaga zid deb biladi, MSNBC (2015 yil 29 oktyabr).
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  340. ^ Meri Kler Glover, Hashamatli uylar: 2005 yil sentyabr: Tech yulduzi Karli Fiorina 3,6 million dollarlik kondom sotib oldi, Vashingtonlik (2005 yil 1 sentyabr).
  341. ^ Nice Digs: 2012 yildagi eng yaxshi uy sotuvlari, Vashingtonlik (2013 yil 14-yanvar).
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  344. ^ "Karli Fiorina haqida 5 ta diniy fakt:" O'zingiz yaratgan narsa - bu Xudoga in'omingiz "- Din yangiliklari xizmati". Din yangiliklari xizmati. 2016 yil 27 aprel. Olingan 21 oktyabr, 2018.
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Bibliografiya

  • Anders, Jorj (2003). Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina va Hewlett-Packardning qayta ixtirosi. Nyu-York: Penguen guruhi, 2003 yil. ISBN  1-59184-003-1.
  • Burrows, Peter. Orqaga qaytish: Karli Fiorinaning Hewlett-Packardning ruhi uchun kurashlari. Vili, 2003 yil. ISBN  0-471-26765-1.
  • Fiorina, Karli (2006). Qiyin tanlovlar: xotiralar, Portfolio qattiq qopqoqli, ISBN  1-59-184133-X.
  • Fiorina, Karli (2006). Qiyin tanlovlar: xotiralar. Portfolio Hardcover, 2006. (qattiq qopqoq: ISBN  1-59184-133-X, qisqartirilgan audiokitob: ISBN  0-14-305907-6)
  • Fiorina, Karli (2015). Qiyinchilikka ko'tarilish: Mening etakchilik safari, Pingvin guruhi (Sentinel ), ISBN  1-59-184803-2.

Tashqi havolalar

Ish joylari
Oldingi
Lew Platt		 Prezidenti Hewlett-Packard
1999–2005		Muvaffaqiyatli
Mark Xird
Bosh ijrochi direktori Hewlett-Packard
1999–2005		Muvaffaqiyatli
Robert Veyman
Oldingi
Richard Xekborn		 Kafedra Hewlett-Packard
2000–2005		Muvaffaqiyatli
Pat Dann
Partiyaning siyosiy idoralari
Oldingi
Bill Jons		 Respublika nomzod Kaliforniyadan AQSh senatori
(3-sinf )
2010		Eng so'nggi