Hillari Klinton 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti - Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign - Wikipedia

Hillari Amerika uchun
Klinton Keyn
Kampaniya2016 yilgi Demokratik saylovlar
2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi
Nomzod
TegishliDemokratik partiya
Holat
  • E'lon qilingan: 2015 yil 12 aprel
  • Rasmiy start: 2015 yil 13 iyun
  • Taxminiy nomzod: 2016 yil 6-iyun
  • Rasmiy nomzod: 2016 yil 26 iyul
  • Yo'qotilgan saylovlar: 2016 yil 8-noyabr
Bosh ofis
Asosiy odamlar
Kvitansiyalar585,699,061.27 AQSh dollari[4] (2016 yil 31-dekabr)
Shior
  • Birgalikda kuchli
  • Men u bilanman
  • Biz uchun kurashmoqda
  • Sevgi karnaylari nafratlanishadi
Mavzu qo'shig'i
Veb-sayt
hillariklinton.com

The Hillari Klintonning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi a da e'lon qilindi YouTube video, 2015 yil 12 aprelda.[5] Hillari Klinton edi 67-chi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari davlat kotibi va birinchi davrda xizmat qilgan Obama ma'muriyati, 2009 yildan 2013 yilgacha. U ilgari a Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari senatori dan Nyu York, 2001 yildan 2009 yilgacha va sobiq prezidentning rafiqasi Bill Klinton sifatida xizmat qiladi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining birinchi xonimi 1993 yildan 2001 yilgacha.

Klintonning asosiy raqobatchisi 2016 yilgi Demokratik birlamchi saylov Vermont senatori edi Berni Sanders. U o'rta va katta yoshdagi saylovchilar, qora tanli, latino va keksa ayol saylovchilar tomonidan eng ko'p qo'llab-quvvatlandi. U o'z platformasini bir necha masalalarga, shu jumladan irqni kengaytirishga, LGBT va ayollar huquqlari, ish haqini oshirish va ayollar uchun teng ish haqini ta'minlash va sog'liqni saqlashni yaxshilash.

The Associated Press deb e'lon qildi Klinton taxmin qilingan nomzod ning Demokratik partiya u zarur miqdordagi delegatlar soniga yetgandan so'ng, garovga qo'yilgan delegatlar va superdelegatlar 2016 yil 6-iyun kuni.[6] Sanders 12-iyul kuni Klintonning prezidentlik uchun saylovoldi kampaniyasini ma'qulladi.[7] Klinton AQSh senatori deb e'lon qildi Tim Keyn u bo'lardi vitse-prezident yugurish juftligi 22 iyulda.[8] Klinton va Keyn rasmiy ravishda nomzod sifatida ko'rsatilgan 2016 yilgi Demokratik milliy konventsiya 26 iyulda.[9]

Klinton buni tan oldi 2016 yilgi prezident saylovi respublikachiga Donald Tramp 9-noyabr kuni ommaviy axborot vositalari Tramp 270 dan oshganini e'lon qilganidan keyin saylovchilar kolleji saylovda g'alaba qozonish va kampaniyani tugatish uchun zarur bo'lgan ovoz chegarasi.[10]

Fon

2008 yildan keyingi asosiy saylov kampaniyasi

Klinton uni tugatishi bilan 2008 yilgi Demokratik prezidentlik saylovlari va Barak Obamaga ishonib topshirganida, uning 2012 yoki 2016 yillarda yana yugurishi haqida gaplar bo'lgan.[11] U 2013 yilda davlat kotibi lavozimini tugatgandan so'ng, ayniqsa, ijtimoiy tarmoqlarda kasbini "TBD" ro'yxatiga kiritganida, taxminlar keskin ko'tarildi. Shu orada, Klinton 11 million dollardan ko'proq pul ishlab topdi, shu jumladan turli tashkilotlarga 51 pullik nutq so'zladi Goldman Sachs va boshqalar Uoll-strit banklar.[12] Nutqlar va Klinton o'z stenogrammalarini e'lon qilmasligi, raqiblari yaqinlashib kelayotgan boshlang'ich paytida muammo sifatida ko'tarilishi kerak edi.[13] va umumiy saylov kampaniyalari.[14] 2016 yil oktyabr oyida, fosh qilingan parchalar Goldman Sachs Savol-javob sessiyasida uning 2010 yilni qo'llab-quvvatlashiga shubha tug'dirdi Dodd-Frank moliyaviy nazorat to'g'risidagi qonun hujjatlari.[15]

Kelajakdagi yugurishni kutib, "kutish kampaniyasi" 2014 yilda shakllana boshladi, shu jumladan katta donorlar tarmog'i, tajribali tezkor xodimlar, Hillari uchun tayyor va AQShning ustuvor yo'nalishlari kampaniya siyosiy harakatlar qo'mitalari (PAC) va boshqalar kampaniya infratuzilmasi.[16]

2013 yil sentyabrga kelib, siyosiy va ommaviy axborot vositalarining doimiy spekülasyonları ostida, Klinton nomzodini qo'yishni o'ylayotganini, ammo qaror qilishga shoshilmayotganligini aytdi.[17] 2013 yil oxirida Klinton aytdi ABC "s Barbara Uolters u "nima qila olaman deb o'ylayman va kelasi yil biron qaror qabul qilaman";[18] va ABC-ga aytdi Dayan Soyer 2014 yil iyun oyida u "yil oxirigacha qaror qabul qilish yo'lida".[19]

Qaror qabul qilish jarayoni

Shu vaqt ichida ko'plab siyosiy tahlilchilar Klinton nomzodini qo'yadi deb taxmin qilishgan bo'lsa-da, u qaror qabul qilish uchun ancha vaqt talab qildi.[20] Klinton davlat kotibi lavozimida ishlaganidan keyingi ikki yilning ko'p qismini prezidentlikka yana nomzodini ko'rsatish haqida o'ylagan holda o'tkazganini aytgan bo'lsa-da, u istiqbolga nisbatan g'ayritabiiy edi va ba'zilarga yoqimsiz tomonlarini qayta boshdan kechirishni istamagan ko'rinadi. katta siyosiy kampaniya.[21] Xabarlarga ko'ra uning atrofidagilar ikkiga bo'linib ketishgan, xabarlarga ko'ra Bill Klinton uning qayta saylanishini eng yaxshi tarafdoridir, Chelsi Klinton unga yaqinlashdi, lekin unga qarshi eng yaqin yordamchilari.[20][21] Xabarlarga ko'ra, u Obamaning 2008 yilgi saylovoldi kampaniyasini o'rganib chiqqandan keyin Obamaga nima to'g'ri kelganini bilib oldi.[21] Klintonlarning yillik qishki ta'tili paytida, 2014 yil dekabrigacha emas Dominika Respublikasi, u haqiqatan ham yana yugurishiga ishonch bilan qaror qilganini aytdimi?[20][21]

Kutishlar

Ga binoan umummilliy ijtimoiy so'rovlar 2015 yil boshida Klinton 2016 yilgi Demokratik partiyadan prezidentlikka nomzod uchun eng asosiy nomzod sifatida ko'rib chiqildi.[17][22][23] U dastlabki tasdiqlashlardan kengroq tanlovga ega bo'ldi Demokratik partiya 2008 yildagiga qaraganda 2016 yildagi poyga,[24][25] u yuzma-yuz bo'lganiga qaramay bir nechta asosiy saylovchilar,[26][27] va 2015 yil avgust oyida vitse-prezident Jo Bayden Klintonga qarshi chaqiriqni jiddiy ko'rib chiqayotgani haqida xabar berildi.[28]

Demak, Klinton 99 foizni tan oldi (barcha saylovchilarning atigi 11 foizi u haqida fikr bildirish uchun etarli ma'lumotga ega emasligini aytdi) va Demokratlarga ko'ra so'rovnoma Celinda ko'li, u afro-amerikaliklar va kollejda o'qigan ayollar va yolg'iz ayollar orasida kuchli qo'llab-quvvatlandi.[29]

Yilda Vaqt jurnalining 2015 yildagi "100 ta eng nufuzli odam" ro'yxatiga kiritilgan Klinton Massachusets shtatining senatorini maqtadi Elizabeth Uorren, o'zi "progressiv chempion" bo'lganligi uchun Klintonga potentsial raqib sifatida qaraldi.[30] Uorren, ba'zilarning bosimiga qaramay, prezidentlikka nomzodini qo'ymaslikka qaror qildi ilg'or.[31]

E'lon

Klinton kampaniyasi kechiktirilgan e'lonni rejalashtirgan edi, ehtimol 2015 yilning iyulida.[32][33][34]

2015 yil 3 aprelda Klinton 1-sonli Pierrepont Plaza-dagi kichik ofisni ijaraga olgani haqida xabar berilgan edi. Bruklin, Nyu-York shahri. Bu joy uning saylovoldi shtabi bo'lib xizmat qilishi haqida keng tarqalgan edi.[35][36]

2015 yil 12 aprelda Klinton a YouTube video nomzodini rasman e'lon qildi orqali elektron pochta. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, "har kuni amerikaliklarga chempion kerak. Men ham o'sha chempion bo'lishni xohlayman".[37][38][39][40] Uning e'lonidan bir hafta o'tgach, u Ayova va Nyu-Xempshir kabi dastlabki boshlang'ich shtatlarga sayohat qildi. Klinton respublika senatorlaridan keyin milliy saylov uchastkalarida o'z nomzodini e'lon qilgan uchinchi nomzod bo'ldi Ted Kruz ning Texas va Rand Pol ning Kentukki, esa Florida Senator Marko Rubio nomzodini 13 aprel kuni, Klintondan keyingi kuni e'lon qildi. Ba'zi demokratlar Klintonning saylovoldi kampaniyasi e'lonining Rubioga yaqinligini foydali deb hisoblashdi, chunki Klintonning e'lonlari Rubioning e'loniga soya solishi mumkin.[41]

Klintonning saylovoldi logotipi 2015 yil 12 aprelda ochilgan bo'lib, unda ko'k rang aks etgan H o'rtasidan qizil o'q bilan.[42]

Van safari

Xillari Klinton 2015 yil 14 aprelda Ayova shtatidagi saylovoldi kampaniyasida

Klinton o'zining saylovoldi kampaniyasini erta boshlang'ich va kokus shtatlariga qisqa sayohatlar qilishdan boshladi.[37] Uning e'lonidan so'ng darhol u ikki kunlik ish qildi yo; l sayohati moslashtirilgan holda Chevrolet Express laqabli van Scooby-Doo, Nyu-Yorkdan Ayovaga borish va yo'l davomida bir necha marta to'xtash, shu jumladan a da juda ko'p e'lon qilingan to'xtash joyi Chipotle Meksika panjara tashqarida Toledo (Ogayo shtati), bu erda Klinton xodimlar tomonidan tan olinmagan.[43][44][45] Sayohat ommaviy axborot vositalarining katta e'tiboriga sazovor bo'ldi va uning kampaniyasiga ko'ra biroz mo'ljallangan edi siyosiy teatr.[46][47]

Klinton saylovoldi kampaniyasining birinchi oyida matbuotning juda kam sonli savollariga javob berdi. Dastlabki boshlang'ich va kokus shtatlariga tashrifi davomida u rasmiy bo'lmagan matbuot anjumanlari va hech qanday ommaviy axborot vositalarining intervyularida qatnashmagan.[48][49] 2015 yil 19-may kuni, 28 kundan so'ng, Klinton Ayova shtatining Sidar-Rapids shahrida bo'lib o'tgan tadbirda jurnalistlarning ba'zi savollariga javob berdi.[50] Klintonning saylovoldi kampaniyasi Florida, Texas va Missurida may va iyun oylarida qo'shimcha to'xtashlarini e'lon qildi.[51]

Boshlanish mitingi

Klinton o'zining boshlang'ich mitingida nutq so'zlamoqda. The Birlashgan Millatlar, Empire State Building va Chrysler binosi orqa fonda ko'rish mumkin.
Uning nutqidan keyin Klinton olomon bilan salomlashadi.

Klinton o'zining birinchi mayorini o'tkazdi saylovoldi mitingi 2015 yil 13 iyun, soat Franklin D. Ruzvelt nomidagi to'rtta erkinlik bog'i janubiy uchida Nyu-York shahri "s Ruzvelt oroli.

O'z nutqida Klinton murojaat qildi Qo'shma Shtatlarda daromadlar tengsizligi, xususan universal tomonidan tasdiqlangan bolalar bog'chasi, to'langan oilaviy ta'til, teng ish haqi ayollar uchun, kollejning arzonligi va ta'minlovchi kompaniyalar uchun imtiyozlar foyda taqsimoti xodimlarga.[52] U murojaat qilmadi erkin savdo shartnomalari nutq paytida,[53] ammo ertasi kuni ushbu muzokaralar yaxshilanmaguncha tark etilishi kerakligi haqida bayonotlar berdi.[54]

Aksiyada 5500 dan ortiq odam qatnashgani aytilgan, ammo matbuot tomonidan olomon sonining tahminlari kamroq bo'lgan.[55]

Jon Kassidining so'zlariga ko'ra, Nyu-Yorker, Klinton, bir nuqtaga qadar, populistik ohangda gapirdi:[56]

Ko'pchiligingiz kun kechirish uchun bir nechta ish bilan shug'ullanayotganingizda, eng yaxshi yigirma beshta to'siq fondi menejerlarini Amerikadagi barcha bolalar bog'chalari o'qituvchilaridan ko'ra ko'proq ish olib borayotganini ko'rasiz. Va ko'pincha past soliq stavkasini to'lash. Shunday qilib, siz hayron bo'lishingiz kerak: "Qanday qilib mening mehnatim o'z samarasini beradi? Mening oilam qachon oldinga chiqadi? Qachon?'[56]

Farovonlik faqat C.E.O.s va to'siq fondi menejerlari uchun bo'lishi mumkin emas. Demokratiya faqat milliarderlar va korporatsiyalar uchun bo'lishi mumkin emas. Obod turmush va demokratiya sizning ham asosiy savdoning bir qismidir. Siz bizning mamlakatimizni qaytarib berdingiz. Endi yutuqlarni ta'minlash va oldinga siljish vaqti keldi.[56]

Reklama

2015 yil avgustida Klinton kampaniyasi Ayova va Nyu-Xempshirda televizion bo'lmagan reklama uchun 2 million dollar sotib oldi.[57] E'lonlarda Klintonning marhum onasi, Doroti Rodxem va Klintonning o'zi,[57] va ayollar, oila va bolalar ishtirok etdi.[57]

Associated Press Klintonning 32 ta umumiy saylovoldi reklamalarini ko'rib chiqishda, ushbu reklamalarning 24 tasida Tramp ko'rsatilgan yoki eslatib o'tilganligini aniqladi.[58] 24 ta reklamaning aksariyat qismida uning so'zlari va xatti-harakatlariga taalluqli emas, aksincha uning suratlari aks etgan.[58]

Platforma

Hillari Klinton tarafdorlari belgini ko'tarishmoqda (uning mazmuni "Hillari" deb yozilgan va "H" harfidan iborat) Klinton logotipi )

Klinton o'z nomzodini bir necha mavzularga qaratdi, jumladan, o'rta sinf daromadlarini oshirish, ayollar huquqlarini kengaytirish, kampaniyani moliyalashtirish bo'yicha islohotlarni boshlash va Arzon parvarishlash to'g'risidagi qonun.

2016 yil mart oyida u batafsil iqtisodiy rejani tuzdi The New York Times "optimistik" va "keng ko'lamli" deb nomlangan.[59] Uning iqtisodiy falsafasiga asoslanib inklyuziv kapitalizm, Klinton chet elda ish joyini ko'chiradigan kompaniyalar uchun soliq imtiyozlari va boshqa imtiyozlarni bekor qiladigan "tirnoq" ni taklif qildi; aksiyalar qiymatini oshirish va aksiyadorlarni mukofotlash uchun qisqa muddatli foydalarga e'tibor qaratish o'rniga, foyda, xodimlar, jamoalar va atrof-muhit bilan bo'lishadigan kompaniyalarga imtiyozlar berish; jamoaviy bitim huquqlarini oshirish; chet elda kamroq soliq stavkasini to'lash uchun shtab-kvartirasini Amerikadan ko'chiradigan kompaniyalarga "chiqish solig'i" ni to'lash.[59] Klinton bunga qarshi Trans-Tinch okeani sherikligi (TPP), qo'llab-quvvatlaydi AQSh eksport-import banki va "har qanday savdo bitimi ish joylarini ishlab chiqarishi va ish haqini oshirishi, farovonligini oshirishi va xavfsizligimizni himoya qilishi kerak" deb hisoblaydi.[60][61]

Oliy sud tomonidan kuzatilgan saylovoldi tashviqotining cheksiz iqlim sharoitini hisobga olgan holda Citizens United qarori, Klinton a chaqirdi konstitutsiyaviy o'zgartirish siyosatda "hisobga olinmaydigan pul" ni cheklash.[62] 2016 yil iyul oyida u AQSh fuqarolariga 2010 yilgi "Birlashgan Qirollik" qarorining bekor qilinishiga olib keladigan konstitutsiyaga o'zgartirish kiritishni "o'z zimmasiga oldi".[63][64]

U erkaklar bajaradigan bir xil ishlarni bajarish uchun ayollarga qancha maosh to'lashiga oid mavjud kamchiliklarni bartaraf etish uchun teng ish uchun teng ish haqiga ishonadi.[65]

Klinton aniq oilaviy muammolar va qo'llab-quvvatlashlarga e'tibor qaratdi universal maktabgacha tarbiya.[62]

LGBT huquqlari to'g'risida, u konstitutsiyada mustahkamlangan bir jinsli nikoh huquqini qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[62]

Klinton hujjatsiz muhojirlarga fuqarolik yo'lini ochishga imkon berish "oilaviy masalada yurish-turish masalasi" deb hisoblaydi.[66]

Klinton Umumiy Core partiyasini qo'llab-quvvatlashini bildirdi.[67] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, "Umumiy yadro atrofida sodir bo'layotgan haqiqatan ham baxtsiz dalil juda achinarli, chunki umumiy yadro ikki partiyaviy harakat sifatida boshlandi. Bu aslida partiyaviy bo'lmagan. Siyosatlashtirilmagan edi .... Ayova shtatida sinov tizimi mavjud edi haqiqatan ham uzoq vaqtdan beri asosiy o'quv dasturiga asoslanib va ​​[Ayovs bilan suhbatlashish] siz uning qiymatini tushunasiz, nima uchun bu sizga butun ta'lim tizimini tashkil qilishda yordam berishini tushunasiz va afsuski, ko'plab davlatlarda bunday holat bo'lmagan va h.k. yadroning qiymatini tushunmang, shu ma'noda Umumiy Yadro. "[68]

2015 yil 7-dekabrda The New York Times Klinton o'zining batafsil rejalarini taqdim etdi Wall Street-ni tartibga solish moliyaviy faoliyat va tegishli.[69] U xavfli xatti-harakatlarni cheklash, kuchli regulyatorlarni tayinlash va rahbarlarni javobgarlikka tortish uchun eng yirik muassasalarda to'planishni taklif qiladi.

Klinton Amerikaning Yaqin Sharqdagi ta'sirini saqlab qolish tarafdori. U Trampning musulmonlarni AQShdan "uyatli" va "xavfli" deb ta'qiqlashiga qarshi chiqmoqda. U shuningdek, Trampning bayonotini "partiyasining qolgan qismining aksi" deb da'vo qildi, chunki "ko'plab GOP nomzodlari ham musulmonlar to'g'risida haddan tashqari gaplarni aytishdi".[70]

U aytdi Amerika Isroil jamoatchilik bilan aloqalar qo'mitasi, "Isroilning xavfsizligi va omon qolishi haqida gap ketganda Amerika hech qachon betaraf bo'lolmaydi."[71]

Strategiya va taktikalar

Klinton saylovoldi tashviqoti Manchester, Nyu-Xempshir oktyabr oyida 2016. Nyu-Xempshir gubernatori Maggi Xasan (chapda) va Massachusets shtatining senatori Elizabeth Uorren (o'ngda) fonda.

Xabarlarga ko'ra, Klinton kampaniyasining strategistlari kuchli deb ishonishgan liberal Saylovoldi kampaniyasi 2008 va 2012 yillarda Barak Obamani g'alaba qozonishga undagan saylovchilarni safarbar qiladi. Uning Obamaning siyosatini qabul qilish strategiyasi Janubiy Karolina shtatidagi Demokratik partiyada afroamerikalik demokratlar bilan juda samarali bo'ldi.[72][73][74][75]

2016 yil mart oyiga kelib Klintonning nomzodi ehtimoldan yiroq edi, shuning uchun harakatlar respublikachilarning taxminiy nomzodi Donald Trampga qarshi kampaniyani tuzishga qaratilgan edi.[76] va Demokratik saylovchilar orasida Klintonga qanday qilib katta ishtiyoqni shakllantirishni aniqlash, bu juda ko'p miqdordagi boshlang'ich saylovlarda qatnashmagan.[77]

Klinton kampaniyani birinchi xonim, AQSh senatori va davlat kotibi bo'lgan saylovchilar orasida deyarli hamma nomlarini tan olish bilan boshladi.[78]

Mahalliy muammolarga e'tiboringizni qarating

Saylovoldi tashviqotini olib borishda Klinton shtatning demokrat saylovchilarini qiziqtirgan mahalliy muammolarni aniqladi. Masalan, Missisipida u poytaxt Jeksonda suvda qo'rg'oshin miqdori haqida qayg'urishini bildirdi, bu erda u juda dolzarb edi.[79]

Tajriba va barqaror etakchilikka e'tibor bering

Saylovoldi tashviqoti davomida Klinton o'zining ijtimoiy hayotdagi tajribasi va rekordini, xususan, davlat kotibi sifatida ta'kidladi.[80][81] Klinton, shuningdek, noaniqlik davrida "Oq uyda xotirjam, barqaror, tajribali rahbariyat zarurligini" hamda AQShning Atlantika va dunyo bo'ylab ittifoqlarini saqlab qolish zarurligini ta'kidladi.[82][83]

Matbuot aloqalari

Klinton butun umri davomida davlat xizmatida bezovta va ba'zida matbuot bilan tortishuvlarga duch kelgan.[84] Prezidentlikka nomzod sifatida rasmiy kirishidan bir necha hafta oldin Klinton siyosiy matbuot korpusida bo'lib o'tgan tadbirda qatnashdi va u siyosiy muxbirlar bilan "murakkab" munosabatlar deb yangitdan boshlashni va'da qildi.[85] Dastlab Klinton o'z savollarini bermaslik uchun matbuot tomonidan tanqid qilindi,[86][87] shundan keyin u ko'proq intervyular taqdim etdi.

Texnologiya

Klinton ishlatilgan texnologik vositalardan foydalanish huquqiga ega edi Barak Obamaning 2012 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi va 2008.[88] Ilgari 50 dan ortiq muhandislar va ishlab chiquvchilar guruhi Google, Facebook va Twitter ishga olindi.[89] Aksiya ishlatilgan Timshel "s Zamin ommaviy elektron pochta dasturlari tomonidan yaratilgan ma'lumotlarni tartibga solish, donorlarni kuzatib borish va marketing ma'lumotlar bazalarini tahlil qilish uchun platforma.[90][91]

Er usti o'yini

2016 yil oktyabr oyida Klinton kampaniyasida Trampning 178 idorasiga nisbatan 489 ta ofis mavjud edi.[92] Kontekst uchun Obamaning 2012 yilda 786 ta va ba'zi 800 ta hisobotlari bo'lgan.[92][93] Siyosatshunoslik tadqiqotlari shuni ko'rsatadiki, joylardagi idoralar va ovozlarning ulushi o'rtasida mo''tadil ijobiy munosabatlar mavjud.[92][94]

Mablag 'yig'ish

Umumiy saylov kampaniyasi davomida Klinton Trampga mablag 'yig'ishda doimiy ravishda etakchilik qildi. 2016 yil avgust oyiga qadar Klinton, Demokratik milliy qo'mita va Klintonning asosiy super PAC, AQShning ustuvor yo'nalishlari, 700 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'to'plagan, Tramp esa 400 million dollar olib kelgan.[95] Tomonidan 2016 yil sentyabr oyida o'tkazilgan tahlillarga ko'ra Jamoatchilik uchun halollik markazi, "Klintonning saylovoldi kampaniyasi uchun" 1100 nafardan ortiq taniqli pulchilar va ayollar birgalikda 113 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'to'pladilar ". Do'stlari yoki sheriklaridan cheklarni yig'ib, ularni kampaniyaga bergan ushbu paketchilar tarkibiga "qonunchilar, ko'ngilochar ikonkalar va sanoat titanlari" kiradi; ular orasida edi Ben Afflek, Jorj Lukas, Marissa Mayer va Sheril Sandberg.[96]

Maqolasida Washington Post, Klintonning prezidentlik kampaniyasida Klintonlar "40 yildan ortiq vaqt davomida" Little Rock "dan Vashingtongacha va undan keyin butun dunyo bo'ylab o'stirgan donorlar tarmog'i foydalandi. Ularning mablag 'yig'ish usullari siyosatchilar va ularning donorlari uchun yangi loyihani yaratdi."[97] 2015 yil sentyabr oyining oxiriga kelib kampaniyaning "Klintonning 2016 yilgi Oq uyi uchun mablag 'yig'ish harakatlari ... allaqachon 110 dollar yutib olgan million qo'llab-quvvatlash ".[97]

Maqolaga javoban, saylov kampaniyasi vakili "xayriya tadbirlarini xayr-ehson qilish bilan siyosiy xayr-ehsonlarni chalkashtirib yuborish, hech bo'lmaganda, chalg'ituvchi bo'lar edi ... Va saylov kampaniyasiga qo'shilgan mablag'lar to'g'risida, ularning kengligi va chuqurligi qo'llab-quvvatlanmoqda. ikkalasi ham o'z hayotlarini davlat xizmatiga bag'ishlaganliklari va bu mamlakatni yanada kuchli qilish uchun kurashganliklari. "[97] Sifatida Xabar Maqolada ta'kidlanganidek, 2016 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi uchun mablag 'yig'ish o'tmishdagiga qaraganda "keskin farqli muhitda" bo'lgan va 2010 yil Citizens United va FEC qaror va qaror "Oliy sud badavlat shaxslar, korporatsiyalar va kasaba uyushmalariga siyosiy faoliyat uchun katta miqdordagi tartibga solinmagan mablag'larni sarflashni osonlashtirdi".[97]

2015 yil avgust oyida Klinton kampaniyasi bu bilan birgalikda mablag 'yig'ish to'g'risida bitim imzolaganini e'lon qildi Demokratik milliy qo'mita.[98] Kampaniya DNC, The bilan qo'shma mablag 'yig'ish qo'mitasini tashkil etdi Hillari g'alaba jamg'armasi va 32 davlat qo'mitalari.[99] Klinton kampaniyasi DNC a yubordi anglashuv memorandumi unda kampaniya DNC-ga "shtatlar, byudjet, xarajatlar va umumiy saylovlar bilan bog'liq kommunikatsiyalar, ma'lumotlar, texnologiyalar, tahlillar va tadqiqotlar bo'yicha strategik qarorlar bo'yicha qo'shma vakolat" evaziga qarzni to'lashga yordam berishga kelishib oldi. Yodnomada ushbu kelishuvlar "Demokratik boshlang'ich tashkilot bilan emas, balki Umumiy saylovlarga tayyorgarlik ko'rish bilan" cheklanishi belgilangan edi.[100]

Nyu-Xempshirdagi Nyu-Xempshir shtatidagi boshlang'ich saylovlar oldidan Sanders va Klinton o'rtasidagi bahs-munozarada, Klintonning saylovoldi kampaniyasiga qo'shgan hissasi yoki moliya sektoridan to'lovlar uning siyosiy qarorlariga ta'sir qilishi mumkin degan xulosaga e'tiroz bildirgan va Sandersning Uoll-Stritdagi aloqalariga "" juda badiiy qoralash kampaniyasi. "[101] U bunga javoban "Bu haqiqat. Oxirgi hisobot davrida uning super PAC 25 dollar olgan million va 15 dollar million Uoll-stritdan kelgan, bu nima bulg'anish? Bu haqiqat. "[102]

Klinton kampaniyasi 2016 yil sentyabr oyida bankdagi 121,4 million dollar bilan, Trump kampaniyasida esa 96 million dollar bo'lgan.[103]

Klintonni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi super paketlar

2015 yil may oyida Klinton kampaniyasi boy donorlardan qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun katta miqdordagi xayriya mablag'larini yig'ishda qarama-qarshi respublikachilarning kampaniyalaridan orqada qolganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi. Super PAC-lar. O'sha paytda, ko'plab potentsial liberal va katta miqdordagi donorlar hali Klintonni qo'llab-quvvatlashga majburiyatini olmagan edilar.[104] Klintonning super PAC jamg'armasi umumiy saylovlarda sezilarli darajada ko'tarildi. AQShning ustuvor yo'nalishlari, Klintonni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi asosiy super PAC, 2016 yil avgust oyida 23,4 million dollar yig'di. Ushbu mablag'ning yarmidan ko'pi eng yaxshi beshta donorning mablag'lariga to'g'ri keldi va bu miqdor 11 ta etti raqamli cheklarni o'z ichiga oldi.[105]

Klintonni qo'llab-quvvatlagan super paketlarga quyidagilar kiradi:[106]

  • Tayyor PAC Ilgari Hillari uchun Tayyor, 2013 yil yanvarida Klinton tarafdorlari tomonidan tashkil etilgan. U prezidentlik da'vosini kutib pul yig'di va tarafdorlarini ro'yxatdan o'tkazdi.[107] Tayyor PAC 2015 yil aprel oyida operatsiyalarni tugatdi va 4 million kishilik elektron pochta ro'yxatini Klinton kampaniyasiga topshirdi.[108]
  • AQShning ustuvor yo'nalishlari Klintonning nomzodini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi asosiy super PAC hisoblanadi. U asosan yuqori dollarlik donorlarga qaratilgan. 2016 yil sentyabr holatiga ko'ra, u 132 million dollar to'plagan. Super PAC-ning eng yaxshi donorlari 43,5 million AQSh dollarini berishdi, bu Priorities USA Action tomonidan to'plangan pullarning uchdan bir qismidir.[109] Eng yaxshi ishtirokchilar orasida Jorj Soros, Xayim Saban va Tomas Tull.[110] Boshqa yirik donorlar kiradi Stiven Spilberg va Jeffri Katzenberg.[110] Nyu-Gempshir shtatidagi Klinton mag'lub bo'lganidan so'ng, Priorities USA Action Janubiy Karolinada bo'lib o'tgan radio kampaniyasiga 500 ming dollar va 4,5 dollar ajratdi. Super seshanba kuni o'tkazilgan dastlabki saylovlarga million.[111][112] 2016 yil yanvar oyi oxiriga kelib fondda 45 dollar mavjud edi million.[113] Super PAC 2016 yil avgust oyida 21,7 million dollar yig'di va bu eng katta oylik mablag 'yig'ish bo'ldi.[109]
  • Yozuvni to'g'rilang kampaniyasi sifatida boshlangan Amerika ko'prigi 21-asr, 2015 yil may oyida alohida super PAC sifatida ajralib chiqdi. Super PAC-larga odatda kampaniyalar bilan muvofiqlashtirish taqiqlangan bo'lsa-da, Record Correct-ni Klinton kampaniyasi bilan raqamli tarkibga muvofiqlashtirish.[114][115] Super PAC vakili "koordinatsiya cheklovi tatbiq etilmaydi, chunki Correct Record xonim Klintonni himoya qilish pullik ommaviy axborot vositalariga emas, balki guruhning o'z veb-saytiga joylashtirilgan materiallar atrofida quriladi".[116] 2016 yil aprel oyida Correct the Record Klinton haqida nomaqbul xabarlarni joylashtirgan ijtimoiy tarmoq foydalanuvchilarini topish va ularga qarshi turish uchun 1 million dollar sarflashini e'lon qildi.[117][118][119] 2016 yil sentyabr oyida Correct Record "Trump Leaks" nomli loyihani e'lon qildi. Correct Record-ning ta'kidlashicha, ular noma'lum kashfiyotchilar uchun noma'lum izdoshlarga pul to'laydilar Donald Tramp shu jumladan audio va video yozuvlar va ichki hujjatlar.[120]

Odamlar

Jon Podesta, Aksiya raisi

Aksiya xodimlari

Robbi Muk sifatida xizmat qilgan kampaniya menejeri va bu katta prezidentlik kampaniyasida ushbu rolni bajargan birinchi ochiq gey odam.[121][122]

Stefani Xannon texnologiya bo'yicha bosh ofitser bo'lib ishlagan va bu prezidentlik kampaniyasida ushbu rolni bajargan birinchi ayollardir.[123][124][125]

Saylovoldi tashviqotining boshqa xodimlari Jon Podesta saylov kampaniyasi raisi sifatida, Djoel Benenson bosh strategist va so'rovchi sifatida, Jennifer Palmieri aloqa direktori sifatida va Amanda Renteriya siyosiy direktor sifatida.[126] Klintonning uzoq yillik yordamchisi Huma Abedin aksiya raisining o'rinbosari edi,[126] va u Klinton uchun uzoq vaqt sayohat qiluvchi shtab rahbari sifatida o'ynagan rolini davom ettirdi va "tana ayol ".[127] Mablag 'yig'ishga rahbarlik qilgan Dennis Cheng aksiya uchun milliy moliya direktori sifatida va ko'plab yirik donorlar va Klinton o'rtasidagi asosiy aloqadir.[128]

Siyosat bo'yicha maslahatchilar

Hillari Klinton o'zining prezidentlik kampaniyasida siyosatni ishlab chiqishga rahbarlik qiladigan uchta yuqori darajadagi maslahatchilarni tayinladi: Mayya Xarris, Ann O'Leary va Jeyk Sallivan.[129] Klintonning uzoq yillik xodimi Jeyk Sallivan siyosat bo'yicha direktor bo'lib ishlagan va Maykl Shmidt, Maykl Shapiro va Yakob Leybenluft Klintonning siyosiy guruhida bo'lganlar.[130]

Klinton kampaniyasida maslahat guruhlarida ishlaydigan tashqi siyosat bo'yicha maslahatchilarning katta to'plami mavjud edi. Tashqi siyosat bo'yicha katta maslahatchilar orasida Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining sobiq direktori va mudofaa vaziri bor edi Leon Panetta, avvalgi Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchi Tom Donilon, Yangi Amerika xavfsizligi markazi Bosh ijrochi direktor Mikele Flournoy, sobiq davlat kotibi Madlen Olbrayt va boshqalar.[131][132] Aksiyada, shuningdek, Osiyo, Evropa, "mintaqaviy va funktsional masalalar bo'yicha o'nga yaqin maslahatchi ishchi guruhlari" ning markazlashtirilmagan tizimi mavjud edi. terrorizmga qarshi kurash va inson huquqlari. Tashqi siyosat jurnalining yozishicha, "kampaniya ajablanarli darajada xilma-xil mutaxassislar kadrlari bilan, 20 yoshdagi ilk martaba fikrlovchi tankerlardan tortib, 50-60 yoshdagi sobiq diplomatlargacha".[131]

Iqtisodiy siyosat bo'yicha Klinton doimiy ravishda maslahat olib turadigan tashqi maslahatchilar ham ishtirok etdi Gen Sperling, sobiq direktori Xalq xo'jaligi kengashi; Neera Tanden ning Amerika taraqqiyot markazi; Ann O'Leary; iqtisodchilar Alan Krueger va Alan Blinder; Nobel mukofoti sovrindori iqtisodchi Jozef Stiglitz; Jared Bernshteyn, sobiq bosh iqtisodchi Jo Bayden; va Xizer Bushi.[130]

2016 yil 16 avgustda Klinton nomini e'lon qildi Ken Salazar uning Oq uyning o'tish guruhiga rahbarlik qilish.[133][134]

Aloqa, reklama va dizayn firmalari

Klinton kampaniyalaridan ikkitasi ommaviy axborot vositalarini sotib olish agentliklari GMMB edi (qaysi yo'naltirilgan televizor ) va "Bully Pulpit Interactive" (e'tibor qaratilgan) raqamli ). Klinton kampaniyasi tahlil direktori Elan Kriegel, Demokratik ma'lumotlar firmasi BlueLabs asoschilaridan biri edi.[135] Aksiya ham yollandi Burrell Communications, afroamerikalik reklama firmasi.[136]

Grafik dizayner Maykl Bierut firmaning Pentagram aksiyaning o'ziga xos "H" logotipini ishlab chiqdi; Bierut o'z xizmatlarini ixtiyoriy ravishda amalga oshirdi.[137][138] Keyinchalik Bierut dizaynerni tavsiya qildi Jennifer Kinon ichki dizayn guruhiga rahbarlik qilish va aksiya uchun keng qamrovli ingl.[139]

Professionallar brendlash va marketing, Vendi Klark kabi Coca Cola va Roy Spens ning GSD va M, Klintonni "qayta brendlashda" yordam berish uchun kampaniyaga jalb qilingan.[140]

Kongresslar va boshlang'ich saylovlar

Xillari Klinton 2016 yil yanvar oyida Ayova shtatining Vest-Des-Mayn shahrida bo'lib o'tgan tadbirda.
Xillari Klinton 2016 yil mart oyida Arizona shtati Feniks shahrida bo'lib o'tgan tadbirda.
Praymerlarda Klintonning shtatlar bo'yicha chiqishlari.
  Hillari Klinton
  Berni Sanders
Tumanlar bo'yicha okrug natijalari
  Hillari Klinton
  Berni Sanders
Klinton tomonidan shtatlar yoki hududlar tomonidan boshlang'ich saylovlarda olingan ovozlarning foizi.
  10.0–19.9%
  20.0–29.9%
  30.0–39.9%
  40.0–49.9%
  50.0–59.9%
  60.0–69.9%
  70.0–79.9%
  80.0%+

Klinton Ayova shtatida demokratlar shtati tarixidagi eng yaqin farq bilan g'olib bo'ldi kokus. O'Melli to'xtatildi[a] uning saylovoldi kampaniyasi uzoq uchinchi o'rinni egallagandan so'ng, faqat ikkita nomzod Klinton va Sandersni qoldirdi. Saylovlar uchun kurash kutilganidan ancha raqobatbardosh bo'lib, Sanders g'olib chiqdi Nyu-Xempshirda boshlang'ich saylov Klinton esa g'alaba qozondi Nevada shtatidagi kokuslar va Janubiy Karolina shtabi. To'rt xil Super seshanba kunlari, Klinton aholisi ko'p bo'lgan to'qqiz shtatning har birida ko'plab muhim g'alabalarni qo'lga kiritdi, shu jumladan Kaliforniya, Nyu York, Florida va Texas, Sanders o'rtasida turli xil g'alabalarni qo'lga kiritdi.[142]

2016 yil 6-iyun kuni Associated Press va NBC News Klinton bo'ldi taxmin qilingan nomzod nomzodlikni ta'minlash uchun kerakli miqdordagi delegatlar, shu jumladan garovga qo'yilgan va garovga qo'yilmagan delegatlar (superdelegatlar) etib bo'lgandan keyin. Shunday qilib, u har doim taxmin qilingan nomzod bo'lgan birinchi ayol Qo'shma Shtatlardagi har qanday yirik siyosiy partiyaning.[143] 7-iyun kuni Klinton Kaliforniya va Nyu-Jersida g'alaba qozonganidan so'ng, rasmiy ravishda va'da qilingan ko'pchilik delegatlarni ta'minladi boshlang'ich saylovlar.[144] Prezident Barak Obama, Vitse prezident Jo Bayden va senator Elizabeth Uorren 2016 yil 9 iyunda Klintonni rasman ma'qulladi.[145][146] Sanders 24 iyun kuni Klintonga ovoz berishini tasdiqladi Donald Tramp umumiy saylovlarda[147] va 2016 yil 12 iyulda Klintonni rasman tasdiqladi Portsmut, Nyu-Xempshir.[148]

2016 yil 26 iyulda Demokratik milliy konventsiya rasmiy ravishda Klintonni Prezident va Virjiniya senatoriga nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi Tim Keyn vitse-prezident uchun.[149]

Delegatlarni hisoblash

Quyidagi jadval quyidagilar bo'yicha taxmin qilingan delegatlar sonini aks ettiradi 2016 yilgi Demokratik saylovlar:

NomzodGarovga qo'yilgan delegatlarTaxminiy son, shu jumladan superdelegatlar
Hillari Klintonning rasmiy davlat kotibi portret зироati.jpg
Hillari Klinton
2,205
2,775½
Berni Sanders.jpg
Berni Sanders
1,846
1,889½
Gubernator O'Malley portreti (kesilgan) .jpg
Martin O'Malley
0
1
Mavjud delegatlar
0
97
Jami delegatlarning ovozlari
4,051
4,763

Prezidentlik bahslari

2016 yilgi birinchi prezidentlik bahslari Klinton va Tramp o'rtasida 26 sentyabr kuni bo'lib o'tdi Hofstra universiteti.[150] Bu Klintonni Amerikadagi prezidentlik debati doirasida debat qilgan birinchi ayolga aylantirdi.[151] Moderator edi Lester Xolt ning NBC.[152] 84 million tomoshabinni tashkil etgan jonli televizion tomoshabinlar prezidentlik bahslari uchun tomoshabinlar rekordini o'rnatdi.[153] Barcha ilmiy so'rovlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, saylovchilar Hillari Klinton debatda Donald Trampga qaraganda yaxshiroq ishlaydilar.[154][155]

2016 yilgi ikkinchi prezidentlik debati 9 oktyabr kuni Klinton va Tramp o'rtasida bo'lib o'tdi Sent-Luisdagi Vashington universiteti.[156] Bu shahar hokimligi munozarasi edi.[157]

Klinton va Tramp o'rtasidagi uchinchi va oxirgi prezidentlik debati 19 oktyabr kuni bo'lib o'tgan Nevada universiteti, Las-Vegas.[158][159]

Sog'liqni saqlash

2015 yil iyul oyida Klinton 2016 yilgi prezidentlikka nomzod bo'lib, a kasallik tarixi. Klinton kampaniyasi uning shifokori Liza Bardakning maktubini e'lon qildi Kisco tog'i, Nyu-York, uning sog'lig'ini to'liq tibbiy baholash asosida tasdiqlaydi.[160] Maktubda miyaning "to'liq o'lchamlari" borligi ta'kidlangan sarsıntı Klinton 2012 yilda aziyat chekkan va avvalgi "butunlay tarqatib yuborish" qon pıhtıları.[160] Bardak Klintonning sog'lig'i bilan bog'liq jiddiy muammolari yo'q, degan xulosaga keldi, chunki uning prezident sifatida ishlashiga to'sqinlik qiladi.[160] Ushbu maktubga qaramay, Klintonning sog'lig'iga oid mish-mishlar va fitna nazariyalari Internetda tarqaldi. 2016 yil avgust oyida Tramp Xillari chidamliligini va Shon Xanniti bu nazariyalarni kuchaytirib, Klintonni tibbiy ma'lumotlarini chiqarishga chaqirdi.[161]

2016 yil sentyabr oyida Klinton rivojlandi zotiljam. U tark etdi 11 sentyabr voqealarini xotirlash marosimi kasallik tufayli erta.[162][163][164] Klintonning ketishi haqidagi video lavhalarda Klinton oyoqlarida beqaror bo'lib qolgani va furgonga o'tirishga yordam berayotgani aks etgan.[165] O'sha kuni kechqurun Klinton jurnalistlarni "o'zini juda yaxshi his qilayotganiga" ishontirdi.[166] Dastlab Klinton tadbirda haddan tashqari qizib ketganini aytgandan so'ng, uning saylovoldi kampaniyasi unga ikki kun oldin pnevmoniya tashxisi qo'yilganligini qo'shdi.[165] Klinton uch kun davomida uyda tiklanib, bir nechta saylovoldi tadbirlarini bekor qilib, saylovoldi kampaniyasida bo'lib o'tgan mitingda Greensborodagi Shimoliy Karolina universiteti.[167] Uning saylovoldi kampaniyasi ba'zi ommaviy axborot vositalari tomonidan Klintonning sog'lig'iga nisbatan oshkoralik yo'qligi uchun tanqid qilindi.[168][169] Ushbu xavotirga javoban, Klinton doktor Bardakning sog'lig'iga oid qo'shimcha yozuvlarni e'lon qildi, u yuqumli bo'lmaganligini aniqladi. bakterial pnevmoniya infektsiya va u yaxshi davolangan antibiotiklar va dam oling. Bardak "AQSh prezidenti sifatida ishlashga yaroqli" deb yozgan.[170]

Qarama-qarshiliklar

Elektron pochta bilan bog'liq tortishuvlar

2015 yil mart oyida Klinton Davlat kotibi bo'lgan davrda Davlat departamenti serverlari o'rniga o'zining shaxsiy elektron pochta manzili va serveridan foydalanish amaliyoti keng jamoatchilik e'tiborini qozondi.[171] Xavfsizlik va elektron pochta xabarlarini saqlash va qonunlarning buzilishi ehtimoli haqida tashvish bildirildi.[172] Davlat departamenti ularni ko'rib chiqish imkoniga ega bo'lganida, Klintonning serverida joylashgan 2100 ga yaqin elektron pochta xabarlari maxfiy deb topildi. Klintonning so'zlariga ko'ra, u ularga murojaat qilgan paytda ular tasniflangan deb belgilanmagan. 65 ta elektron xatda "Maxfiy" deb tasniflangan ma'lumotlar, 20 dan ortiqida "o'ta maxfiy" ma'lumotlar, qolganlarida "maxfiy" ma'lumotlar borligi aniqlandi.[173][174][175][176] Xavfsizlikni ta'minlash uchun Klinton tomonidan imzolangan maxfiy ma'lumotlarni oshkor etmaslik to'g'risidagi bitimda yana bir bor ta'kidlangan hukumat siyosati shundan iboratki, maxfiy ma'lumotlar, agar ular belgilanmagan bo'lsa ham, tasniflangan sifatida ko'rib chiqilishi va ko'rib chiqilishi kerak.[177] Ushbu elektron pochta xabarlarining bir qismi ushbu "tug'ilgan" deb nomlangan toifaga kirganligi haqidagi da'volar ko'tarilgandan so'ng, Klinton serverida maxfiy ma'lumotlar bilan ishlash bo'yicha FBI tekshiruvi boshlandi.[177][178][179][180]

Federal qidiruv byurosi tergovi 2016 yil 5 iyulda hech qanday ayblovsiz, Adliya vazirligi tomonidan bajarilgan tavsiyanoma bilan yakunlandi. Saylovdan o'n bir kun oldin, 28 oktyabrda, FBI direktori Jeyms Komi Kongressga Federal qidiruv byurosi tergov paytida olingan qo'shimcha elektron pochta xabarlarini tahlil qilayotgani to'g'risida xabar berdi bog'liq bo'lmagan ish.[181][182] 6-noyabr kuni u Kongressga yangi elektron pochta xabarlari Federal Qidiruv Byurosining avvalgi xulosasini o'zgartirmaganligi to'g'risida xabar berdi.[183][184] Ertasi kuni dunyo bo'ylab aktsiyalar va valyuta bozorlari bunga javoban keskin ko'tarildi.[185][186][187] Klintonning so'zlariga ko'ra, yo'qotilganidan keyin yirik donorlar bilan suhbatlashish va saylovoldi tashviqoti ma'lumotlariga asoslanib, FBI direktori saylovdan bir necha kun oldin e'lon qilgan ikkita xatning ta'siri uning mag'lub bo'lishiga yordam bergan.[188]

Bengazi tinglovlari

2015 yil 22 oktyabrda, Klinton ikkinchi marta guvohlik berdi Bingazi qo'mitasi oldida va jamoat eshitishida sakkiz soatdan ko'proq vaqt davomida a'zolarning savollariga javob berdi.[189][190][191] The New York Times xabar berishicha, "qo'mita a'zolari va ularning taniqli guvohlari o'rtasida tez-tez o'tkazib turiladigan uzoq kunlik uchrashuvlar davomida ilgari o'tkazilgan ettita tergov mavzusi bo'lgan epizod haqida juda kam yangi ma'lumotlar paydo bo'ldi ... Ehtimol, xonim Klinton xonimning elektron pochtasini ta'qib qilish haqidagi so'nggi e'tiroflar sabab bo'lishi mumkin. siyosiy motivga ega edi, respublika parlamenti a'zolari aksariyat hollarda uning shaxsiy elektron pochta serveridan foydalanishi haqida har qanday eslatmalardan qochishdi. "[189] Elektron pochta bilan bog'liq muammo tushlikdan sal oldinroq, Respublika qo'mitasi raisi o'rtasida bo'lib o'tgan "hayqiriq uchrashuvida" paydo bo'ldi Trey Govdi va ikkita demokrat, Adam Shiff va Elijah Kammings.[189] Sud majlisi kechikdi, Vakil Jim Jordan, Ogayo shtatining respublikachisi, Klintonni elektron pochta xizmati hisoblarini o'zgartirganlikda ayblab, "qizg'in almashinuv" ga olib keldi, bu erda Klinton "shaxsiy elektron pochta qayd yozuvidan foydalanishda xato qilganini takrorladi, lekin u hech qachon yubormagan va qabul qilmagan". tasniflangan va elektron pochta xabarlarini ochiq e'lon qilish orqali shaffof bo'lishga intilgan har qanday narsa "[189] keyinchalik Jeyms Komi qarshi chiqqan da'vo.[192]

Ga binoan Tepalik, tinglovlar Klintonning 2016 yilgi saylovoldi kampaniyasi uchun ijobiy turtki berdi, uning faoliyati "Benfazidagi marafon eshitishlari Hillari Klintonni katta zarar ko'rmayapti" (CNN), va "GPK Klinton bilan Bingazi ustidan otish paytida qattiq zarba bermayapti" kabi sarlavhalar yaratdi (Washington Post). Uning kampaniyasi asosan yangi donorlar tomonidan yuborilgan xayr-ehsonlarni qabul qildi.[193]

WikiLeaks

Demokratlarning milliy qurultoyi haftasida, WikiLeaks ozod qilindi elektron pochta xabarlari Demokratik partiyaning Klinton kampaniyasi va Demokratik partiyaning Milliy qo'mitasi asosiy partiyani Klinton foydasiga o'zgartirganligini ko'rsatmoqda. Ning bir parchasida Donna Brazile kitobi, Hacks: Ichki hikoya, nashr etilgan Politico Brazile jurnalining yozishicha, u Klinton kampaniyasi va DNC o'rtasida "nomaqbul" bo'lishidan ancha oldin "partiyani nazorat qilish" imkoniyatini bergan "axloqsiz" kelishuvni topgan.[194][195][196] ABC telekanalidagi intervyusida Ushbu hafta 2017 yil 5-noyabrda Brazile Demokratik ibtidoiy saylovlarda Klinton foydasiga soxtalashtirilganligi to'g'risida hech qanday dalil topmaganligini aytdi.[195]

Afsuslanadigan narsalar savati

2016 yil 25 avgustda Klinton Trampning "irqchi yolg'on" dan foydalanganligi va unga yo'l qo'ygani uchun kampaniyasini tanqid qilgan nutq so'zladi pastki o'ng mashhurlikka erishish[197] 9-sentabr kuni o'tkazilgan mablag 'yig'ilishida Klinton shunday dedi: "Bilasizmi, shunchaki qo'pol ravishda umumiy bo'lish uchun siz Tramp tarafdorlarining yarmini men afsuslanadigan savat deb atashingiz mumkin. Ular irqchi, seksist, homofob, ksenofob, islomofob - sizlar uni nomlang. "[198]Donald Tramp Klintonning so'zlarini uning tarafdorlarini haqorat qilish sifatida tanqid qildi,[199]va ba'zi siyosiy tahlilchilar bayonotni taqqosladilar Mitt Romni "s 47% gaffe 2012 yilda.[198][199][200]Ertasi kuni Klinton Tramp "nafratli qarashlar va ovozlarni" afsus bilan kuchaytirganini ta'kidlab, "yarim" degani uchun pushaymonligini bildirdi.[201]

"Ayanchli" laqabi shunday edi qabul qilingan ba'zi Trump tarafdorlari tomonidan,[202] Trump kampaniyasi bilan "afsuski amerikaliklarni" sahnaga taklif qildi[203] va reklamada Klintonga qarshi yorliqdan foydalanish.[204]

Demografiya va qiziqish guruhlari

Ayollar

Klintonning saylovoldi tashviqoti 2016 yil 2-noyabrda.

Milliy saylovlarda Klinton "so'nggi o'n to'rt yil ichida har qanday nomzodning eng yuqori darajadagi ayol tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanishidan" bahramand bo'lib, ro'yxatga olingan ayollarning saylovchilar orasida 24 balli etakchi o'rinni egalladi. Pew tadqiqot markazi 2016 yilgi Demokratik milliy anjuman arafasida olingan.[205] Xuddi shu so'rovnoma shuningdek, ayollar va erkaklar o'rtasida 16 foizli farqni ko'rsatdi, bu tarixda misli ko'rilmagan gender farqi.[205] Yordamchilar xususiy, onlayn guruh yaratdilar, Pantsuit Nation, nomzodni va uning saylovoldi tashviqotini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi rasmlarni almashish. Uning 2,9 million a'zosi Klintonning odatiy tanlovidan foydalangan biznes kiyimi - bu shim kostyumi - bu ham nomzodning, ham tarixiy kurashning ramzi sifatida ayollar tengligi.[206][207][208]

Afro-amerikaliklar hamjamiyati

Klinton katta qo'llab-quvvatlashdan zavq oldi Afroamerikalik Demokratik birlamchi saylovlarda saylovchilar.[209][210] Umuman olganda, qora tanli Demokratik saylovchilarning 77 foizi Klintonni qo'llab-quvvatladi.[211] Clinton performed especially well among black women voters.[210] There was a very large age gap among black voters, with the majority of younger black voters (under age 30) favoring Sanders but the overwhelming majority of older black voters favoring Clinton.[212]

In general election polling, Clinton has continued to enjoy an overwhelming advantage among black voters. Nationwide polling in the summer months of 2016 showed Clinton with the support of between 83% and 91% of black voters.[213][214] A key aim of the Clinton campaign was to ensure high saylovchilarning faolligi for African American voters; with President Obama making a personal appeal to black citizens to cast a ballot in the election.[215][216] Younger black voters have been of particular concern to the Clinton campaign, because this demographic is more skeptical of Clinton than their elders.[217][218][219]

Clinton has advocated jinoiy adolatni isloh qilish as well as support for African-American youth.[220] However, critics have brought up her quote as First Lady regarding the Zo'ravonlik bilan jinoyatchilikka qarshi kurashish va huquqni muhofaza qilish to'g'risidagi qonun, in which she described young, impoverished black children who had to turn to crime: "They are often the kinds of kids that are called 'super-predators.' No conscience, no empathy. We can talk about why they ended up that way, but first we have to bring them to heel."[221] These remarks were used by Berni Sanders and Donald Trump to imply racism on Clinton's behalf.[222]

LGBT hamjamiyati

Alternate version of Clinton's 2016 campaign logo in rainbow colors, used on Twitter va boshqalar Facebook by the campaign, after release of the candidate's April 28, 2015, statement on bir jinsli nikoh

Clinton made LGBT rights a central issue in her campaign. In addition to promoting broader LGBT rights, she also advocates for the right for transgender people to serve in the military.[223] In the past few years, her public position on same sex marriage and "So'ramang, aytmang " (a Bill Clinton-era law preventing openly LGB people from serving in the military) has changed, although expressed no regret over her previous views.[224]

Clinton's stance on LGBT rights, like many Democrats, has shifted over time with public opinion. She opposed same-sex marriage, "favoring arrangements like civil unions", a position which "largely tracked public opinion".[225][226] In 2004, she opposed a proposed constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage, and in 2006 she said she would not oppose an effort by New York State officials to legalize same-sex marriage.[225] In March 2013, she formally stated her support for same-sex marriage after stepping down as Secretary of State, stating she supported it "personally and as a matter of policy and law."[225][227] In 2016, her Twitter account stated konversion terapiya for minors should be ended.[228]

Clinton condemned Indiana's Diniy erkinlikni tiklash to'g'risidagi qonun.[229] U qo'llab-quvvatladi Obergefell va Xodjes hukm qilish.[230] U shuningdek buni tasdiqladi 2015 yilgi tenglik to'g'risidagi qonun.[231][232]

In December 2015, Clinton published a plan for LGBT huquqlari.[233] The next month, the Inson huquqlari aksiyasi endorsed her for president.[234] U tanqid qildi Berni Sanders for calling the Human Rights Campaign "part of the establishment."[235][236]

In March 2016, in an interview with MSNBC at Nensi Reygan 's funeral service, Clinton credited Reagan with starting the national conversation about OITS. Clinton's comments drew heavy criticism from LGBT groups and the media, who said that the Reagans had ignored the issue, causing Clinton to apologize and retract her statement.[237]

In October 2016, Clinton became the first major-party presidential candidate ever to write an op-ed for an LGBT newspaper, writing for Filadelfiya gey yangiliklari.[238]

Tavsiyalar

Clinton was endorsed by The New York Times,[239] Washington Post,[240] Los Anjeles Tayms,[241] Xyuston xronikasi,[242][243] Cincinnati Enquirer,[244][245] Dallas Morning News,[246][247] va Arizona Respublikasi,[248] editorial boards. The Xyuston xronikasi traditionally endorses Republicans later in the election, but chose to endorse Clinton in July. Dallas Morning News had not endorsed a Democrat for president since 1940. Cincinnati Enquirer had not endorsed a Democratic presidential candidate for almost 100 years. Arizona Respublikasi, which began publishing in 1890, had never endorsed a Democratic candidate.

USA Today, which had never endorsed a presidential candidate, broke the tradition and took sides in the race with an editorial which declared Trump as "erratic", describing his business career as "checkered", calling him a "serial liar" and "unfit for the presidency". Gazeta, shu bilan birga, "tahririyat Hillari Klintonni malakasiz qo'llab-quvvatlashni anglatmaydi".[249][250][251] Atlantika, which had only made two presidential endorsements in its 160-year history, endorsed Clinton.[252]

A group of 70 Nobel mukofotlari endorsed Clinton in an open letter released in October 2016. Among the signatories to the letter were chemist Piter Agre, iqtisodchi Robert J. Shiller va fizik Robert Woodrow Wilson.[253]

Potential Supreme Court nominees

From the beginning of her presidential candidacy, Clinton stated that she would like to nominate justices who would overturn the decision in Citizens United va FEC, a case allowing corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts of money on political campaigns.[254] Clinton also voiced support for judges who would vote favorably regarding abort qilish huquqlari, unions, tasdiqlovchi harakat, bir jinsli nikoh, and President Obama's Toza quvvat rejasi va Amerikaliklarning ota-onalari uchun kechiktirilgan harakat dastur.[255][256] Clinton also stated that she would look for a nominee who represents the diversity of the country and has professional experience outside of working for large law firms and serving as a judge.[257]

Potential nominees listed in August 2016 by the ABA jurnali kiritilgan Cory Booker, Mariano-Florentino Kuéllar, Merrick Garland, Jeyn L. Kelli, Emi Klobuchar, Lucy H. Koh, Gudvin Lyu, Patrisiya Millett, Jaklin Nguyen, Shri Srinivasan va Pol J. Uotford.[258] Barak Obama 's name was also floated.[259]

Saylov natijalari

Clinton delivering her concession speech
Kartogramma showing the 2016 Electoral College results. Each square represents one elector.

The Clinton campaign held its election night celebration at the Javits markazi yilda Nyu-York shahri, in an event headlined by speakers including Chak Shumer, Endryu Kuomo, Bill de Blasio va Keti Perri.[260] At the conclusion of the event, cannons filled with translucent confetti were set to deploy from the glass roof of the Javits Center to symbolize "breaking the shisha shift ".[261] The campaign initially obtained permits to set off fireworks from a barge on the Hudson daryosi, but cancelled the display on November 7.[262]

As the results came in on election night, November 8, 2016, Clinton lost in multiple states that she had been predicted to win. In the early morning hours of November 9, media sources declared Trump the winner of the presidency.[263] Clinton lost the electoral vote while winning the popular vote, in what the Nyu-York Tayms called a "surprise outcome" after polls leading up to election day had predicted a Clinton victory.[264][265] She congratulated Trump on the win in the early morning hours of November 9, 2016, and delivered her public concession speech at 11:50 AM ET, November 9, 2016.[266] On November 9 Clinton's Twitter account tweeted, "To all the little girls watching...never doubt that you are valuable and powerful & deserving of every chance & opportunity in the world [to pursue and achieve your own dreams]," part of her concession speech, which became the most retweeted political tweet of the year, the third most retweeted tweet of the year, and the top retweet in the United States.[267]

As of November 28, Trump received pluralities or majorities in states expected to result in 306 electoral college votes to Clinton's 232.[268][269][270] Umumxalq ovoz berishida Klinton Trampdan 2,8 milliondan ortiq (2,1%) ko'proq ovoz oldi.[271][272][273] This is the widest-ever lead in the popular vote for a candidate who lost the election.[274] It also makes Clinton the first woman to win the popular vote in an election for United States president.[275]

Samaradorlik

After a loss that was widely perceived as a surprise, critics alleged that the Clinton team ran an ineffective campaign. Several issues have been highlighted. Tomonidan o'rganish Wesleyan Media Project has shown that Clinton's TV ads "were almost entirely policy-free". The researchers wrote that "misallocated advertising funds" and "lack of policy messaging in advertising may have hurt Clinton enough to have made a difference".[276] Yilda Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign, reporters Jonathan Allen and Amie Parnes state that the campaign had "little vision or inspiration", an "ineffective" strategy that focused on "turnout, not persuasion" and reliance on a "faulty analytic model", amongst other issues.[277] Siyosatshunos Sten Grinberg stated that Clinton focused on "[her] base and identity at the expense of class", that she did not call out "big-money special interests", and that her campaign focused too heavily on "data analytics", pointing out that "the campaign conducted no state polls in the final three weeks of the general election and relied primarily on data analytics to project turnout and the state vote".[278]

Despite this, political scientists John Sides, Michael Tesler and Lynn Vavreck dispute the criticism that Clinton ran an inept campaign, saying that this is a "myth" and there is little evidence to support the criticism.[279] A common critique of the Clinton campaign is that it did not campaign in Wisconsin (which Trump narrowly won); however, according to a study by political scientist Christopher J. Devine, it is "unclear" from the evidence "whether Clinton also would have gained votes, or even won, in Wisconsin had she campaigned in that state."[280]

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

  1. ^ In US elections, suspending a campaign allows candidates to cease active campaigning while still legally raising funds to pay off their debts.[141]

Adabiyotlar

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