Ijroiya qarorgohi - Executive Residence - Wikipedia

Oq uyning Ijro etuvchi qarorgohining shimoliy jabhasi
Oq uyning asosiy qavatida asosiy xonalar joylashgan joy ko'rsatilgan
Oq uyning asosiy qavatida asosiy xonalar joylashgan joy ko'rsatilgan
Oq uyning ikkinchi qavatida asosiy xonalar joylashgan joy ko'rsatilgan

The Ijroiya qarorgohi ning markaziy binosi hisoblanadi oq uy o'rtasida joylashgan kompleks Sharqiy qanot va G'arbiy qanot. Bu Oq uyning haqiqiy "uy" qismi bo'lgan majmuaning eng taniqli qismidir. Dastlab 1792 yildan 1800 yilgacha qurilgan ushbu markaziy binoda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari prezidenti va birinchi oila. Ijro etiladigan turar-joy asosan to'rt qavatdan iborat: zamin qavat, davlat qavati, ikkinchi qavat va uchinchi qavat. Ikki qavatli pastki podval 1948 yildan 1952 yilgacha Trumanni qayta qurish, uchun ishlatiladi HVAC va mexanik tizimlar, saqlash va xizmat ko'rsatish joylari.

Pastki podval va pastki podval

Ushbu daraja 1948-1952 yillarda ta'mirlash paytida qo'shilgan,[1][2][3] va o'z ichiga oladi havo sovutish va suvni yumshatish uskunalari.[4][5][6] Shuningdek, pastki podvalda va oraliqda saqlash joylari, isitish tizimi, lift mashinalari xonalari, an yoqish moslamasi, tibbiy klinika, stomatologiya kabineti,[6] elektrni boshqarish tizimi,[1] kir yuvish xonasi,[6][1][7] va idish-tovoq buyumlari va idishlarni saqlash.[8]

Zamin qavat

Asl oshxona va yordamchi joylar

Oq uyning birinchi qavatida dastlab xizmat xonalari bo'lgan. Oq uy janubga yonboshlagan mayda mayda tepalikda qurilgan. Zamin qavatining shimoliy tomoniga kirishni ta'minlash uchun qasrning shimoliy tomoni va uning shimoli-g'arbiy va shimoli-g'arbiy burchaklari atrofidagi qavatning ushbu yarmini yorug'lik va havo bilan ta'minlash uchun qazilgan.[9] Me'mor Jeyms Xoban oshxona to'g'ridan-to'g'ri tagida bo'lishi uchun zamin qavatini ishlab chiqdi Kirish zali, Shimoliy Portiko ostidagi oshxonaga eshik. Omborlar oshxonadan sharqda, dush va idish yuvadigan xonalar g'arbda joylashgan.[10] 1846 yilga kelib oshxona birinchi qavatning shimoli-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan ikkita xonaga ko'chirildi, eski oshxona maydoni esa norasmiy yashash xonasi / qabulxonasiga aylantirildi.[11] 2010 yilga kelib, dastlab 1800-yillarning boshlarida oshxona tomonidan ishg'ol qilingan ushbu katta markaziy makon ofislarga bo'linib ketgan edi. Oq uy kuratori va Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari maxfiy xizmati.[12] Oshxona ham zamin qavatining shimoli-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan, o'lchamlari biroz o'zgargan uchta xonani egallashda davom etmoqda.[12]

Oshxonaning sharqidagi omborxona a bo'lib qoldi kiler 1809 yilda,[13] 1825 yilda go'sht shkafi,[14] va keyin 1946 yilga kelib Davlat qavatiga olib boradigan zinapoyalar.[11][15] Ushbu maydon 2010 yilga nisbatan deyarli o'zgarmagan bo'lib qolmoqda, 1952 yilda zinapoyalarning torayishi va liftni yaratish uchun bundan mustasno.[16]

Kutubxona va yordamchi joylar

Zamin qavatining shimoliy-sharqiy burchagidagi omborxona saqlash joyi sifatida faqat 1809 yilgacha, u kir yuvishga qadar ishlatilgan.[13] 1902 yilda Prezident Teodor Ruzvelt ning me'moriy firmasini yollagan McKim, Mead & White Oq uyni ta'mirlash uchun. Ular xonani "janoblarning anteroomiga" aylantirdilar.[17] Bu xona Oq uy kutubxonasi 1935 yilda.[18] Birinchi xonim Jaklin Kennedi 1961 yilda xonani tubdan o'zgartirdi.[18] Kennedi dastlab a'zolaridan iborat guruh bilan maslahatlashdi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining tasviriy san'at komissiyasi, dan dizaynerlar Amerika ichki dizaynerlar instituti (AIID) va tarixchilar. AIID xonani qayta jihozlash bilan shug'ullanishga rozi bo'ldi,[19] va Kennedi loyihada AIID dekorativi Janet Beker Lenigon bilan ishladi. Lenygon erta Amerika kutubxonasi xonasini loyihalashtirgan Federal uslub.[18] Kichkina dekorativ o'zgarishlarni hisobga olmaganda, Oq uy kutubxonasi 2010 yilgidek saqlanib qoldi.[12]

Oshxonadan g'arbdagi hojatxona va kir yuvish xonasi 1809 yilga kelib umumiy foydalanish joylariga aylandi,[13] va 1825 yilga qadar kiler, kichik oshxona va oshpaz idorasi.[14] 1946 yilga kelib, bular umumiy ish xonalariga aylandi, tor, o'ralgan zinapoya avvalgi oshxonaga eng yaqin xonaga kiritildi.[11] 1952 yildagi yangilanish o'ralgan zinapoyani tik, to'g'ri zinapoyaga aylantirdi va bu joyga liftni qo'shdi.[11] 2010 yildan boshlab kiler o'lchamidagi sovutgich ham ushbu maydonning bir qismini egallagan.[12]

Diplomatik qabul xonasi

Oq uyning pastki qavatidagi Diplomatik qabul xonasi

Hozirda joylashgan ostidagi oval bo'shliq Moviy xona dastlab Xizmatchilar zali edi,[10] ammo 1837 yilda o'choq xonasiga aylantirildi.[20] Oq uyni 1902 yilda ta'mirlash paytida xona o'tiradigan xonaga aylantirildi. Prezident Franklin D. Ruzvelt undan foydalangan "yong'in yonida suhbat "1930-yillarda radioeshittirishlar.[21] 1948 yildan 1952 yilgacha bo'lgan ta'mirlash paytida qayta tiklangan (qolgan oq uyning qolgan qismi bilan birga) xona Diplomatik qabul xonasi. Birinchi xonimga qadar u juda kam jihozlangan edi Mami Eyzenxauer 1960 yilda Milliy ichki dizaynerlar jamiyatidan muzey sifatli antiqa mebellarning katta xayr-ehsonini oldi.[22] Dekorativ yangilashdan tashqari, u 2010 yilgacha o'zgarishsiz qolmoqda.[12]

Xarita xonasi

Servislar zalidan g'arbda, zamin qavatida dastlab kichkina yotoq xonasi va eng g'arbiy ikki xonada Styuardning idorasi joylashgan. Styuardning ofisidagi ikkita xonaning eng g'arbiy qismi Oq uyning ombori bo'ldi.[13] 1825 yilga kelib Uy boshqaruvchisi idorasi Styuard idorasining eng sharqiy xonasiga ko'chib o'tdi.[14] Styuardning idorasi va kassasi 1946 yilga kelib umumiy ish xonalariga aylandi,[11] ammo 1902 yilgi ta'mirlash uy bekasini ayollarga aylantirdi. chang xonasi.[23] Oradan o'n yil o'tmay Prezident Vudro Uilson uni a ga aylantirdi billiard xona.[24] 1939 yil dekabrda Ikkinchi Jahon urushi boshlanganda, Prezident Franklin Ruzvelt billiard stolini olib tashladi va xonani xaritalarning keng doiralarida urushning borishini kuzatib boradigan va dunyo rahbarlari bilan o'ta maxfiy aloqalarni saqlaydigan joyga aylantirdi.[23] The Xarita xonasi (hozirda shunday nomlangan) qattiq qo'riqlanar edi, chunki bu xonada saqlanadigan xaritalarda AQSh va uning ittifoqdoshlarining juda maxfiy harbiy ma'lumotlari doimiy ravishda yangilanib turardi.[23] 1960-yillarning boshlarida Map Map Room yana Jaklin Kennedi tomonidan xonimlar chang xonasiga aylantirildi va u erda birinchi xonimlarning portretlari osib qo'yildi.[23] Xarita xonasi o'z nomini saqlab qolishda davom etdi, ammo 1970 yilda Chippendeyl uslubi va qabul xonasiga aylandi.[23] 2010 yildan boshlab u o'z nomini va funktsiyasini saqlab qoldi.[12] Kichik tibbiy klinikasi va ofisi Oq uy shifokori 2010 yilga kelib, xarita xonasining g'arbidagi uchta xonani egallab oling.[12]

Vermeil xonasi

Dastlabki xizmatkorlar zalining sharqida uy bekasi, keyin esa umumiy ish uchun xona joylashgan edi. Uy xizmatchisining idorasi 1809 yilda umumiy ish joyiga aylantirildi, yotoq xonasi esa umumiy foydalanish uchun xizmatchilar xonasiga aylandi.[13] Oval Xizmatkorlar zalidan sharqdagi barcha xonalar 1825 yilgacha xodimlar yotoqxonasiga aylantirildi (Uy boshqaruvchisi idorasi Styuard idorasining bir qismini egallagan).[14] 1837 yilda Prezident Martin Van Buren Xitoy xonasiga aylanadigan yotoqxonani stoker uchun kvartiraga aylantirdi, uning ishi Oq uyning pechini haftasiga etti kun (yozi bilan) kuniga 24 soat yoqilg'ida saqlash edi.[25] Birinchi xonim Edit Uilson 1917 yilda ushbu xonani Xitoyning xonasiga aylantirib, Executive Residence-ning tobora ko'payib borayotgan kollektsiyasini namoyish qildi Oq uy chinni.[26] Xitoy xonasidan sharqda, 1902 yilgi ta'mirlash xodimlarning yotoqxonasini "Ijtimoiy xona" deb nomlanuvchi yashash xonasiga aylantirdi.[27][28] 1952 yilgi ta'mirdan so'ng u qisqacha Bilyard xonasi deb nomlandi,[11] lekin bo'ldi Vermeil xonasi 1957 yilda tog'-kon merosxo'ri Margaret Tompson Biddildan keyin 1575 dona meros qoldirdi vermeil Oq uyga kumush buyumlar.[19][28] 2010 yildan boshlab u ozgina o'zgargan.[12]

Shimoliy maysazorni kengaytirish

1948-1952 yillarda Oq uyni qayta qurish paytida Shimoliy maysazor ostida Oq Uyning qo'shimcha ish joylari qazib olindi. Saqlash maydoni birinchi marta bu erda 1930-yillarda qazilgan edi, ammo Trumanni ta'mirlash paytida juda kengaytirildi va yaxshilandi.[29] Trumanlar tarkibiga a bouling bu makonda ham[30] (u me'moriy jihatdan Oq uyning narigi tomonidagi Diplomatik qabulxonaga kirish joyi bilan moslangan).[12] Prezident Duayt Eyzenxauer bowling xiyoboni ko'chib o'tdi Ijroiya idorasi binosi Oq uyning g'arbiy qismida,[31] lekin Prezident Richard Nikson (g'ayratli bowler) 1969 yilda asl joyiga qaytgan.[32] 2010 yilga kelib, bu makonda Oq uy bilan bir qatorda bouling uyi davom etmoqda shokoladchi, ofisi va ish maydoni Oq uyning bosh gullar dizayneri, gullar va boshqa tez buziladigan narsalarni saqlash uchun sovuqxona xonasi, duradgorlik do'koni va umumiy ish xonalari.[12]

Davlat qavat

Sharqiy xona 1995 yilda so'nggi qayta bezatilganidan keyin
1999 yilda Yashil xona
Jorj V.Bush ma'muriyati davrida qizil xona
Moviy xona 1995 yilda qayta ishlanganidan keyin
Oilaviy ovqatlanish xonasi 2015 yil fevral oyida qayta ta'mirlanganidan keyin

Prezident bo'lganida davlat qavati tugatilmagan edi Jon Adams 1800 yil 1-noyabrda Oq uyga ko'chib o'tdi. Prezidentlik davrining qolgan to'rt oyida va Tomas Jefersonning Ijro etiladigan yashash joyini yashash uchun birinchi muddatiga qadar davom etdi. Qavatlar yo'q edi Sharqiy xona, Moviy xona, yoki g'arbiy uchdan biri Xoch zali[9] (bu o'sha paytda butun g'arbga qadar cho'zilgan Davlat ovqat xonasi 1902 yilgacha shimol bo'ylab uzaytirilmas edi).[33] Shuningdek, sharqdan katta zinapoya yo'q edi Kirish zali Ikkinchi qavatga kirishning yagona yo'li - binoning tashqi tomonidagi vaqtinchalik zinapoyadan o'tib, janubiy Portikoning tepasiga ko'tarilgan.[9]

Kirish zali va katta zinapoya

Asosiy maqola: Kirish zali

1829 yilda Shimoliy Portiko qurib bitkazilgunga qadar,[34] Shimoliy maysazordan va qatnov qismidan kirishni ta'minlab, kirish zali tomonidan qaytarib olib kelingan buyumlarni namoyish qilish uchun joy sifatida foydalanilgan Lyuis va Klark ekspeditsiyasi.[35] 1837 yilda Kirish Zalining janub tomonidagi ustunlar orasiga shisha skrining joylashtirilgan bo'lib, uning aniqligi kamayib, uning aniqligi kamaygan.[36][37] 1853 yilda bo'limga yanada chuqurroq temir ramka qo'shildi.[38] Oddiy shisha va ramka qizil, oq va ko'k rangli shisha ekran tomonidan o'zgartirilgan Tiffany & Co. 1882 yilda.[36] Tiffany ekrani 1902 yilgi ta'mirdan chiqarildi.[39][40]

Hozir quyidagilarni o'z ichiga olgan maydon Katta narvon dastlab Ikkinchi qavatga qadar juda kichkina, bezaksiz zinapoyadan iborat edi.[41] Katta zinapoya bu hududga 1902 yilgi ta'mirlash paytida ko'chirilgan.[42]

Sharqiy xona

Asosiy maqola: Sharqiy xona

Me'mor Jeyms Xoban Oq uyga mo'ljallangan 1792 yilgi rejalarida Sharqiy xona uchun joy ajratgan bo'lsa-da, xona qanday maqsadni bajarishi kerakligi noma'lum edi.[43] Prezident Jon Adams ko'chib o'tgandan keyin xonaning pollari qurib bitkazildi, ammo devorlari yalang'och g'isht bo'lib qoldi[44] va birinchi xonim Abigayl Adams unda quritilishi uchun kirlarini osib qo'ydi.[45]

Tomas Jeferson ma'muriyati davrida xonani stullar bilan jihozladi,[46] va xonani bo'linib (devor uchun polotno va yelkandan foydalangan holda) va janubiy uchini yotoqxona va ofis uchun ishlatgan Meriwether Lyuis va Lyuis Harvi (ikkalasi ham) prezidentning shaxsiy kotibi ).[46][47][a] Ammo 1807 yilga qadar me'mor Benjamin Genri Latrob Sharqiy xonani jamoat tomoshabinlari va yirik ijtimoiy tadbirlar uchun sayt vazifasini berdi.[49]

1814 yilda Oq uy yoqib yuborilgandan so'ng, uning devorlari g'ishtdan qolgan bo'lib, u saqlash joyi sifatida ishlatilgan.[50] Prezident Jeyms Monroning qizi Sharqiy xonada turmushga chiqdi, o'sha paytda u vaqtincha jihozlangan edi, ammo ma'muriyatiga qadar Jon Kvinsi Adams uning devorlari shuvalgan va bo'yalgan.[50] Sharqiy Xona nihoyat 1829 yilda prezident davrida qurib bitkazildi Endryu Jekson.[51] Asosiy ta'mirlash ishlari amalga oshirildi, ammo xona katta ijtimoiy tadbirlar uchun sayt vazifasini bajarishda davom etmoqda.

Yashil, moviy va qizil xonalar

Asosiy maqolalar: Yashil xona (Oq uy), Moviy xona (Oq uy) va Qizil xona (Oq uy)

Jeyms Xoban bugungi kunni belgilab berdi Yashil xona Umumiy ovqatlanish xonasi sifatida va Tomas Jeffersonning oilasi bu erda ovqatlanishdi.[52] Kichkina doiralar va trapezoidlar bilan ishlangan to'rtburchaklar shakldagi shiftli freska Tomas Ustik Uolter, 1853 yilda qo'shilgan.[53] 1902 yilda Oq uyni yangilashda mavjud eshikning janubidagi ikkinchi eshik Yashil xonadan Moviy xonaga qadar kesilgan.[54] Shu bilan birga, Yashil xonadan Sharqiy xonaga yangi, janubiy eshik kesilgan.[54]

Xobanning Oq Uyga oid dastlabki rejalari oval shaklidagi Chizma xonasini yaratdi (hozirda Moviy xona ) ijro etuvchi qasrning janubiy qismida joylashgan.[55] Yaratilgandan buyon Moviy Xona Ijroiya qarorgohining markazi bo'lib qoldi, davlat rahbarlari, elchilar va boshqa muhim odamlarni rasmiy qabul qilish joyi bo'lib xizmat qildi.[56] 1801 yilda yaratilganidan beri u Oq uyning boshqa xonalariga qaraganda ko'proq (18) qayta bezatilgan.[56] Dastlab, g'arbiy devor markazidagi eshik Sariq xonaga olib bordi.[56] Eshik qarshisidagi sharqiy devorga kamin o'rnatildi.[57] Dastlab shimoliy devordagi eshikning ikkala tomonidagi bo'shliqlar janubiy devordagi uchta derazani aks ettirgan.[56] 1817 yilgi rekonstruksiya Moviy xonani tubdan o'zgartirdi. Eshiklar shimoliy joylarni almashtirdi va Qizil xonaning g'arbiy eshigi muhrlandi.[57] Devorning Qizil Xona tomonida, hozirda muhrlangan markaziy eshikning janubidagi devorga soxta eshik kesilgan va hozirda muhrlangan eshikning shimolidagi soxta eshik ham yashiringan.[57] Tomas Ustik Uolter tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan egri trapezoidli oval tavan freskasi 1853 yilda qo'shilgan.[53] A jib (yoki yashiringan) eshik 1891 yilda Qizil xonaning soxta eshigi orqali kesilgan va 1902 yilda kaminning janubidagi Yashil xonaga ikkinchi jib eshigi kesib o'tgan.[58] Arxitektor tomonidan shiftdagi medalyon va karniz qoliplari o'zgartirildi Edvard Vason Jons Nikson ma'muriyati davrida 1800 yillar boshidagi uslublarga yanada yaqinroq.[59]

Ushbu xonaning g'arbiy qismida Prezidentning "Antechkamera" (keyinchalik "nomi bilan tanilgan") joylashgan edi Qizil xona ).[55][60] Bu xonada dastlab ikkita eshik bor edi, ular bir-biriga yaqinlashib, Moviy xonaga olib borishdi. (Shimoldagisi yolg'on edi.)[61] 1809 yildan boshlab u Oq uy uchun musiqa xonasiga aylandi.[62] 1817 yilda Oq uyni qayta qurish paytida Prezidentning xonasi sariq xonaga aylantirildi.[60][63] Ba'zan uni Vashington xonasi deb atashgan, chunki Jorj Vashingtonning Gilbert Styuart surati bu xonada Vashington yoqilgandan keyin osilgan.[61] Ayni paytda, ikkita eshik bir-biridan uzoqroqda tiklandi. (Endi janubiy eshik soxta eshikka aylandi.)[61] 1845 yilda sariq salon qizil rangda bezatilgan va hozirgi nomini Qizil xona deb olgan.[61] Tomas Ustik Uolter tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan kichik markaziy doira, egri trapezoidlar va yarim oylar bilan to'rtburchaklar shaklidagi shiftli freska qo'shilgan.[53] Soxta eshik 1891 yilda kesib tashlangan va hozirgi kunga qadar ochiq qolgan.[61]

Davlat ovqat xonasi

Asosiy maqola: Davlat ovqat xonasi

Hozirgi davlat ovqatlanadigan xonaning shimoliy uchdan bir qismi dastlab Xoch zalining g'arbiy qismi bo'lgan. Ikki qavatli zinapoyalar (biri shimoliy devorga, biri janubiy devorga qarshi) Davlat polidan Ikkinchi qavatga olib bordi. Keyin bitta, markaziy narvon Uchinchi qavatga ko'tarildi.[64] 1800 yilda Oq uy ishg'ol etilgandan so'ng, katta zinapoyalarni me'mor Benjamin Genri Latrob 1803 yilda yoki undan ko'p o'tmay tugatgan bo'lishi mumkin.[64] Keng oyoq ko'kragi xonaning g'arbiy devoridagi kamin 1817 yilda rekonstruksiya qilinganida qo'shilgan.[65]

Oq uyning g'arbiy tomoniga 1857 yilda katta issiqxona qo'shilgan bo'lib, uning sharq tomonida o'sha yili buzilgan, uning o'rnini kengaytirish uchun yo'l ochilgan edi. G'aznachilik binosi.[66] Issiqxona 1867 yilda yonib ketgan va 1869 yilda Prezident Uliss S. Grant uning o'rniga kattaroq, balandroq issiqxonani qurgan.[67] Keyinchalik prezidentlar issiqxonani hozirgi zamonning ko'p qismini egallaguncha kengaytirdilar G'arbiy qanot.[67] Grant Oq uyning pastki qavatining g'arbiy qismidan olib boruvchi shabada yo'lining tepasida va janubida billiard xonasini qurdi,[62] ammo bu 1877 yilda Palm sudiga aylandi Rezerford B. Xeyz ma'muriyat.[65] Xeyms palma sudi va davlat ovqat xonasi o'rtasida kirishni ta'minlash uchun qasrning devorlari toshlarini kesib o'tgan yangi eshiklarga ruxsat berdi.[68]

1869 yilda Prezident Uliss S. Grant Katta zinapoyani qayta tikladi. Endi shimoliy devorga qarama-qarshi bitta narvon Ikkinchi qavatga, Ikkinchi qavatning janubiy devoridagi ikkinchi narvon Uchinchi qavatga olib borgan.[69] (Ikkinchi qavatda yaratilgan yangi makon G'arbiy o'tirish zali.)[70]

Katta zinapoyaning janubida kabinet xonasi yoki Prezident kutubxonasi sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lgan kichikroq xona bor edi.[55][60] 1817 yilgi rekonstruksiya[71] Oq uyning Vazirlar Mahkamasi xonasi / Prezident kutubxonasi Davlat ovqat xonasiga aylanganini ko'rdi.[64] Oq uy 1902 yilda keng ta'mirlangan, shu vaqt ichida Buyuk zinapoya buzilib, kirish zalidan sharqqa yangi katta zinapoya qurilgan. Davlat ovqat xonasi shimolga qarab ilgari Buyuk zinapoya egallagan maydonga kengaytirildi.[72][33] Davlat ovqat xonasining sharqiy va g'arbiy devorlaridagi kichik kaminlar olib tashlandi va Palma sudining shimoliy eshigi muhrlandi. (Palm Kortining yana bir eshigi, sobiq Katta zinapoya osti ham muhrlangan.) Eski Palm Court eshigi bo'lgan joyda, yangi, ulkan tosh kamin va kattakon shkaf (mashhur "Buffalo mantel")[73] kattalashtirilgan xonaning kattaligi va ulug'vorligiga mos keladigan qo'shildi.[74] Buyuk Venetsiyalik oyna Ilgari imoratning g'arbiy devoridagi Xoch Zalning kengligi kattalashib, standart Birinchi Qavat derazasining kengligigacha qisqartirildi. Ushbu oynaning pastki yarmidagi frantsuzcha eshik endi shabada yo'liga olib bordi. Renaissance Revival uslubidagi xona ingliz eman daraxti bilan bezatilgan va xonani Beaux-Arts baronial zaliga aylantirish uchun jihozlar almashtirilgan (gobelenlar, kamin ustidagi oshxonalar va to'ldirilgan hayvonlarning boshlari bilan to'ldirilgan).[74]

1948-1952 yillarda Oq uyni qayta qurish paytida Davlat ovqat xonasi tubdan yangilangan. "Buffalo mantel" qayta ishlatilmadi va uning o'rniga Prezident Trumanga berildi (u o'zining prezident kutubxonasiga o'rnatgan).[73] Uni olib tashlash paytida katta zarar ko'rgan eman paneli qayta o'rnatildi va yorqin qatlam berildi seladon kamchiliklarni yashirish uchun yashil rang.[75] (To'ldirilgan hayvonlarning boshlarini joylashtirish uchun frizning bir qismini zımpara qilingan joyda qayta tiklash kerak edi).[76] Bo'yash sxemasi juda ko'p narsani isbotladi. Jaklin Kennedi 1961 yilda xonani suyakka oq rangga bo'yagan edi, ammo bu juda yorqin edi. 1971 yilda xona antiqa oq rangga va 1981 yilda yana bo'yalgan, keyin 1985 yilda umber sir bilan oq rangga bo'yalgan.[77]

Oilaviy ovqatlanish xonasi va bosh foydalanuvchi xonasi

Asosiy maqola: Oilaviy ovqatlanish xonasi

Dastlab qurilganidek, Xoch Zalning shimolida jamoat ovqat xonasi bor edi,[78] ovqat xonasi va kirish zali o'rtasida Porter's Lodge,[79] va tor, o'ralgan xususiy narvon.[71] 1817 yilda Oq uy tiklangach, jamoat ovqat xonasi xususiy ovqat xonasiga aylandi. Xona kichrayishi uchun bo'linib bo'lindi va xonaning g'arbiy uchdan biri a ga aylandi kiler.[64] Prezident Jeyms Monro berdi Davlat kechki ovqatlari 1817 yildan 1825 yilgacha bo'lgan xususiy ovqatlanish xonasida va keyingi prezidentlar bu xonadonni birinchi oila uchun rasmiy ovqat xonasi yoki rasmiy, ammo kichik tadbirlar uchun maydon sifatida ishlatishgan.[80] 1849 yilga kelib, u asosan ayollarni qabul qilish xonasi sifatida ishlatilgan,[81] bu vazifani 1865 yilga qadar saqlab qoldi.[82]

Oq uyni 1902 yilda ta'mirlash paytida kiler o'z foydasini oshirish uchun mezzanine olgan.[83] Oilaviy ovqatlanish xonasiga kassetali shift, sun'iy panellar va neoklassik dizayndagi friz qo'shildi.[83] Frizni shimoliy devordagi baland derazalar sindirib tashlagan, ammo 1961 yilda derazalar tushirilgan va friz butun xonani buzmasdan davom ettirishga imkon bergan.[84] Ayni paytda sun'iy panel ham olib tashlandi,[84] va devorlari sariq rangga bo'yalgan.[85] Oilaviy ovqat xonasi 2015 yilda Kennedi yillaridan beri birinchi muhim ta'mirdan o'tkazildi. Birinchi xonim Mishel Obama xona och kul rangga bo'yalgan bo'lsa, dekor, mebel, gilam va san'at asarlari endi 20-asr o'rtalarida zamonaviy qiyofani aks ettiradi.[86]

Oila ovqatlanish xonasining darhol sharqida, kirish zali oldida joylashgan maydon dastlab xizmat ko'rsatish joyi bo'lgan. Darvozabonning "turar joyi" (ish joyi va saqlash joyi) shimoliy maydonning uchdan ikki qismini egallagan, tor, o'ralgan orqaga burilgan zinapoyalar xizmatchilarga Ikkinchi qavatga kirishga imkon bergan.[43] 1801 yilga kelib, porterning maydoni umumiy ish xonasiga aylandi.[87] U 1825 yilda yana yuk ko'taruvchilar uyiga aylantirildi.[88] Ushbu foydalanishni 1865 yildayoq saqlab qoldi.[82] 1902 yildagi yangilanish xizmatchilar zinapoyasini ushbu hududning markaziga ko'chirib, shimoliy va g'arbiy tomonlarida yo'lak va janubga kichik shkaf yaratdi.[89] 1948-1952 yillarda Gutting va Oq Uy tiklanganidan so'ng, shimoliy kosmik bo'ldi bosh usherniki idora.[90] 2010 yildan boshlab ushbu tartibni saqlab qolishda davom etdi.[91]

Ikkinchi qavat

Ikkinchi qavatga chiqadigan katta zinapoya

Ikkinchi qavatda birinchi oilaning shaxsiy xonadonlari va oshxonasi mavjud. Ushbu xonalarning ba'zilari rasmiy ko'ngil ochish uchun ishlatiladi, ammo aksariyati shaxsiy foydalanish uchun mo'ljallangan. Ikkinchi qavatda joylashgan xonalarga quyidagilar kiradi Markaz zali, Sharqiy o'tirish zali, Linkoln xonasi, Linkolnning o'tiradigan xonasi, Prezidentning ovqat xonasi, Qirolichalarning yotoq xonasi, Queensning o'tiradigan xonasi, Shartnoma xonasi, G'arbiy o'tirish zali va Sariq tasvirlar xonasi. The Truman balkoni ushbu qavatdan kirish mumkin.

Ikkinchi qavat faqat ettita tarixiy xonani o'z ichiga oladi: Linkolnning yotoq xonasi, Linkolnning o'tiradigan xonasi, Queensning yotoq xonasi, Queensning o'tiradigan xonasi, Shartnoma xonasi, Sharqiy o'tirish zali va Sariq tasvirlar xonasi.[80] Ikkinchi qavatning g'arbiy yarmida oilaviy xonalar, oshxona va Prezidentning ovqatlanish xonasi mavjud,[80] bularning barchasi prezidentning xohishiga ko'ra o'zgartirilishi yoki me'moriy qayta ko'rib chiqilishi mumkin.[92]

1801 yilda Oq uy ishg'ol qilinganda, Ikkinchi qavatning sharqiy qismi tugallanmagan bo'lib qoldi. Keyinchalik Queens 'Suite, Linkoln Suite, East Sitting Hall, Grand Stair va Grand Stair Landing nima bo'lishi mumkin edi.[10] G'arbiy o'tirish zali ham qurib bitkazilmagan,[10] bu umuman o'tirish zali bo'lishni mo'ljallamagan, balki zamin qavatidan ko'tarilgan "katta zinapoya".[64] Ikkinchi qavat 1809 yilga qadar qurib bitkazilgan.[93] Teodor Ruzvelt 1902 yilda ta'mirdan oldin, prezidentning ijro etuvchi idoralari ikkinchi qavatning sharqiy qismida joylashgan edi.[94] va jamoat ushbu hududlarga to'liq va bepul kirish imkoniyatiga ega edi.[80]

Markaz zali, Sharqiy o'tirish zali va katta narvon

Asosiy maqolalar: Ikkinchi qavatdagi markaz zali (Oq uy) va Sharqiy o'tirish zali

Dastlab Buyuk dovon deb nomlangan,[93] markaz zali har doim Oq uy dizaynining bir qismi bo'lib kelgan. Ammo u har doim ham bir xil tizimli dizaynga ega emas edi. Bugungi kunda Shartnoma xonasidan tashqaridagi yuk ko'taruvchi devorlar zinapoyaga tushishning g'arbiy tomonini belgilaydi. Ammo 1801 yilda Oq uy ishg'ol qilinganda bu devorlar mavjud emas edi. Bugungi kunda Zal, zinapoyaga tushish va Sharqiy o'tirish xonalari bir xil darajada. Ammo 1801 yilda Shartnoma xonasidan tashqarida uchta kichik qadam Buyuk dovondan Sharqqa o'tirish xonasiga olib bordi. Bundan tashqari, zinapoyadan tushishning shimolida Grand Stair yo'q edi. Oq uy ochilgach, oddiy, tor xususiy zinapoya birinchi qavatdan ikkinchi qavatgacha, bugun Buyuk zinapoyaga olib bordi.[93]

Markaz zali har doim katta rasm xonasi va Sariq tasvirlar xonasida namoyish etilishi kutilayotgan mehmonlar uchun ishlatilgan. Zinapoyaga tushishni hisobga olmaganda, Markaziy zalda juda oz narsa o'zgardi. Faqatgina kichik dekorativ elementlar o'zgartirildi, masalan, 1952 yilgi rekonstruksiya jarayonida korniş qoliplari va kitob javonlari qo'shildi.[95]

Birinchi xonim Laura Bush va Mishel Obama 2008 yilda G'arbiy o'tirish zalida

Sharqiy o'tirish zali - bu ikkinchi qavatdagi ettita tarixiy maydonlardan biri. 1800-yillarning birinchi yarmida Oq Uy qarorgoh emas, balki hukumat idorasi binosi sifatida qaraldi va jamoat a'zolari unga deyarli kirish imkoniyatini kutishdi. Prezidentni ko'rishni istagan har bir kishi shaxsiy zinapoyalardan foydalanib Ikkinchi qavatga ko'tarilib, Sharqdagi o'tirish zalida kutib turardi. Oq uyning asl me'mori Jeyms Xoban bu erga iloji boricha ko'proq yorug'lik berish uchun bu erda ikki kamarli Venetsiya oynasini rejalashtirgan va qurgan. 1902 yildan keyin jamoat Ikkinchi qavatga kirish huquqiga ega emas edi va bu maydon kichik bo'lib ishlatilgan mehmonxona.[80]

1952 yilgi rekonstruksiya bilan Sharqiy o'tirish zali Markaziy zaldan yanada aniqroq yo'lga qo'yilgan. Markaziy zaldan Sharqiy zal xonasiga olib boruvchi zinapoyalar olib tashlandi va o'tish joyining shimoliy va janubiy tomonlariga kichik joylar qo'shildi. Bu zalning kengligini taxminan ikki baravarga qisqartirdi, bu esa Sharqiy o'tirish xonasini yaratdi. Uchinchi qavatga qo'shimcha kirishni ta'minlash uchun shimoliy omborxonada juda tor xizmatchilar zinapoyasi qo'shildi.[90]

Markaz zaliga kirish dastlab binoning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan katta zinapoya orqali ta'minlangan. Sharqning oxirida, bitta qaytib keladigan torroq zinapoyalarga kirish imkoni berildi. Ushbu oddiy zinapoyalar zamonaviy Grand zinapoya bilan almashtirildi.[90]

Linkoln xonasi va o'tirish xonasi

Asosiy maqola: Linkoln xonasi

Linkoln xonasi va Linkolnning o'tiradigan xonasi Ikkinchi qavatning janubi-sharqiy burchagida joylashgan. Dastlab 1809 yilda ishlab chiqilgan va qurib bitkazilgan ushbu maydon shimoldan janubgacha ishlaydigan ikkita tor yotoq xonasini o'z ichiga olgan, ular orasida dush xonasi bo'lgan.[93] 1825 yilga kelib, hojatxona olib tashlandi va bo'sh joy g'arbiy yotoq xonasiga qo'shilib, prezident idorasini tashkil etdi.[96] Keyingi bir necha o'n yilliklar davomida ushbu hudud prezident devoni uchun ishlatilgan. Avraam Linkoln uni ofis va kabinet xonasi sifatida ishlatgan va imzolagan Emansipatsiya to'g'risidagi e'lon Linkoln xonasida 1863 yilda.[97] Linkolndagi o'tirish xonasi prezident bo'lishiga qaramay prezident yordamchilari uchun ofis sifatida ishlatilgan Jon Tayler 1841 yildan 1845 yilgacha o'z ofisining bir qismi sifatida foydalangan.[95]

Ushbu makonning navbatdagi katta yangilanishi 1952 yilda Oq uyni qayta qurish paytida, Linkoln o'tirgan xonaning shimoli-sharqiy burchagida to'liq hammom va hojatxona qurilganida sodir bo'ldi.[90]

Prezident Truman Linkolnga joy ajratishni o'ylagan shaxs edi. Yotoqxonadagi stol Linkolnnikidir, uzunligi 8 metr (2,4 m), eni 6 fut (1,8 m). gul daraxti to'shak, ehtimol u Villi Linkoln xonada osilgan Prezident Endryu Jeksonning portreti Avraam Linkolnga qoyil qolgan va Linkoln yotoqxonasida uning ma'lum bo'lgan yagona nusxasi bor. Gettysburg manzili Linkolnning o'zi imzolagan, sanasi va sarlavhasi. Yashash xonasidagi jihozlarni hammasini birinchi xonim sotib olgan Meri Todd Linkoln. Ular to'rttasini o'z ichiga oladi maun stullar, kechqurun sandiq Imperiya uslubi va qizil va oltin gilamchalar va pardalar. Yashash xonasidagi kichik maun stolini Jeyms Xobanning o'zi qurgan.[95] Linkoln xonasi va o'tirish xonasi birinchi xonim tomonidan bezatilgan Laura Bush, dekorani kim o'zgartirgan, shuning uchun u odatdagi ta'mni yanada aniqroq aks ettirgan Amerika fuqarolar urushi.[95] Linkoln yotoqxonasi odatda Oq uyga tashrif buyurgan prezidentning yaqin do'stlarini joylashtirish uchun ishlatiladi.[97]

Queensning yotoq xonasi va o'tirish xonasi

Asosiy maqolalar: Qirolichalarning yotoq xonasi va Queensning o'tiradigan xonasi
2000 yilda Queensning yotoq xonasi

Malika xonasining yotoq xonasi va xonimlarning o'tiradigan xonasi Ikkinchi qavatning shimoli-sharqiy burchagini egallaydi. Ushbu makon 1809 yilda qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, u janubdagi Linkoln Suite-ning ko'zgusi edi: ikkita juda tor yotoq xonasi, ular orasida hojatxona.[93] Va Linkoln Suite singari, tualet 1825 yilgacha olib tashlandi va dush xonasi g'arbiy yotoq xonasi bilan birlashdi. Biroq, ofis maydoni o'rniga, ushbu maydonning g'arbiy uchdan ikki qismi saqlash joylarini yaratish uchun bo'lingan.[96] Qolgan yotoq xonasi o'zining bezatish sxemasi rangidan keyin Atirgul xonasi yoki pushti yotoq xonasi deb nomlandi. U mehmonlar yotoqxonasi sifatida saqlanib qolgan va ko'pincha prezidentning shaxsiy kotiblari foydalanganlar - ularning hammasi erkaklar va ko'plari prezidentlarning o'g'illari.[98][99] 1865 yilga kelib, g'arbiy omborxonalar kotiblar ofisiga aylantirildi.[99] Yotoq xonasini muntazam ravishda egallab olgan birinchi ayol, ehtimol u edi Anna Ruzvelt, 1944 yilda Oq uyga ko'chib o'tgan.[98] 1952 yilgi Oq uyni qayta qurish natijasida yashash xonasining shimoli-sharqida to'liq hammom va hojatxona yaratildi.[90]

Xonalar to'plamining nomi xonada qolgan ayollarning royalti sonidan olingan: Yelizaveta, malikaning konsortsiumi Qirol Jorj VI; Qirolicha Yelizaveta II Buyuk Britaniya; Qirolicha Vilgelmina ning Gollandiya; va Qirolicha Juliana Niderlandiyaning.[80] Bu yotoq xonasi ham qayerda Uinston Cherchill paytida va undan keyin Franklin Ruzvelt va Garri Truman bilan suhbatlashish uchun doimiy tashriflarida qoldi Ikkinchi jahon urushi.[100]

Shartnoma xonasi

Asosiy maqola: Shartnoma xonasi

Shartnoma xonasi Linkoln Suite va Sariq tasvirlar xonasi o'rtasida, Ijro etuvchi qarorgohning sharqiy qanotining janubiy qismida joylashgan. 1809 yilda qurib bo'lingandan so'ng, u yotoqxona bo'lishi kerak edi.[93] 1825 yilga kelib uning funktsiyasi o'zgarib, endi odamlar prezident bilan uchrashadigan auditoriya xonasiga aylandi (uning idorasi sharqqa qo'shni bo'lgan).[96] 1865 yilga kelib xona bo'linib ketdi. Xonaning janubiy uchdan bir qismini egallab turgan qism, prezidentlarning kabinetidan kuzatilmagan holda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri Oq uy kutubxonasiga (o'sha paytda Sariq tasvirlar xonasini egallagan) o'tishiga ruxsat berish uchun yaratilgan.[99] Xonada qolgan narsalar 1865 yildan 1902 yilgacha bo'lgan Vazirlar Mahkamasi majlislarida ishlatilgan.[95] Keyinchalik bu joy 1902 yildan 1961 yilgacha o'tirish xonasi sifatida ishlatilgan.[95] 1952 yilgi Oq uyning qayta qurilishi ushbu parchani olib tashladi. Xonaning janubi-g'arbiy qismida yangi eshik ochildi, shuning uchun sariq Oval xonaga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri kirishga ruxsat berildi.[90]

Prezident John F. Kennedi tomonidan imzolanganidan keyin bu makon Shartnoma xonasi deb nomlandi Yadro sinovlarini qisman taqiqlash to'g'risidagi shartnoma 1963 yilda xonada. O'shandan beri bu muhim shartnomalarni imzolash uchun ishlatilgan. Prezident Richard Nikson imzoladi Balistik raketalarga qarshi shartnoma xonada 1972 yilda va Prezident Jimmi Karter imzolagan Kemp-Devid shartnomalari 1978 yilda xonada.[95]

So'nggi 25 yil ichida xonada ba'zi o'zgarishlar yuz berdi. Birinchi xonim Barbara Bush uni prezident uchun maxsus o'tirish xonasiga aylantirdi. Prezident Jorj V.Bush xonaning tarixiy paneli va yorqin qizil, oltin va ko'k matolarni olib tashlab, uni o'zining shaxsiy didiga ko'ra o'zgartirdi. Prezident Barak Obama soyalarni xona bilan bezatgan edi bej,[95] va uni xususiy prezidentlik tadqiqotlari sifatida ishlatishda davom etdi.[101]

Shartnoma xonasining shimoli-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan yarim hammom, 1952 yilda tashkil etilganidan beri deyarli 2015 yilgacha saqlanib qolgan. Shashka taxtasida yashil va oq polli plitka bor va sanitariya-tesisat quvurlari ochiq.[102]

Sariq tasvirlar xonasi

Asosiy maqola: Sariq tasvirlar xonasi

Sariq oval xona - Executive Residence-ning uchta oval xonasining eng yuqori qismi. Oq uy birinchi marta ishg'ol qilinganda hali jihozlanmagan, Prezident Jon Adams uni ishlatgan ozodlik 1801 yil 1-yanvarda Yangi yil bayrami uchun xona. Xona birinchi xonim nomini oldi Dolley Medison xonani sariq rangda bezatdi damask 1809 yilda.[95] Xona 1809 yildan 1829 yilgacha ayollar xonasi bo'lib xizmat qilgan,[93] u ostidagi ayollar hojatxonasiga aylantirilganda Endryu Jekson. Taxminan 1845 yilgacha u ayollarning hojatxonasi sifatida ishlatilgan.[98] Birinchi xonim Abigayl Fillmor taxminan 1851 yilda uni kutubxonaga aylantirdi.[95]

1865 yilga kelib, birinchi katta me'moriy o'zgarish xonaning janubi-sharqiy burchagiga Ikkinchi qavatning janubi-sharqiy burchagidagi Prezident idorasiga Shartnoma xonasi orqasida olib boradigan yo'lga kirish uchun eshik ochilganda amalga oshirildi.[99] Avraam Linkoln tomonidan Sariq tasvirlar xonasi oilaviy xonaga va xususiy prezidentlik o'quv xonasiga aylantirildi va 1952 yilgacha shunday saqlanib qoldi.[98] Prezident Franklin D. Ruzvelt va Prezident Garri S. Truman norasmiy ravishda uni "oval o'rganish" deb atashgan va norasmiy ish va uchrashuvlar maydoni sifatida foydalanishgan.[95]

1952 yildagi Oq uyning qayta qurilishi xonada qo'shimcha me'moriy o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirdi. 1865-yilgi parcha olib tashlandi, ammo Shartnoma xonasining eshigi qoldi. Eshikni estetik jihatdan muvozanatlash uchun Sariq Oval xonaning shimoli-sharqiy burchagida shkaf yaratilgan va uni yopish uchun bir xil eshik ishlatilgan. Xonaning g'arbiy devorida prezidentning yotoq xonasiga kirishni ta'minlash uchun eshik kesilgan.[90]

Prezident Duayt D. Eyzenxauer Sariq tasvirlar xonasidan rasmiy qabul xonasi sifatida foydalanish amaliyotini boshladi.[98] Yaqinda bu makon birinchi oila uchun rasmiy mehmon xonasi va prezidentlar tushlik va kechki ovqatdan oldin mehmonlarni kutib oladigan ziyofat xonasi bo'lib xizmat qildi.[95]

Prezidentning yotoq xonasi to'plami: kichik yotoq xonasi / yashash xonasi

Ikkinchi qavatning tarixiy bo'lmagan xonalari birinchi oilaning shaxsiy yashash joyini tashkil etadi. Tarixiy bo'lmagan makon sifatida ular har qanday tarzda qayta tuzilishi va yangilanishi mumkin.[98]

Sharqdan g'arbga, janubiy tarafdagi Sariq Oval xonadan uzoqlashib, kichkina yotoqxona (to'liq hammom bilan), katta yotoq xonasi va kiyinish xonasi (to'liq hammom bilan).[98] Sariq oval xonaning g'arbidagi kichik yotoq xonasi dastlab "qo'shimcha yotoqxona" sifatida ishlatilgan[b] Prezidentdan boshlab Jeyms Medison va Prezident ma'muriyati bilan xulosa qilish Franklin Pirs.[98] Avraam Linkoln bu xonada uxlardi, odatda Linkoln yotoq xonasi emas (nomi tufayli).[95] Xonaning boshqa a'zolari orasida Meri Jonson Stover (Endryu Jeksonning qizi) va uning uch farzandi bor edi; Mey va Jessi Makelroy (Prezidentning jiyanlari Chester Artur ), Rassel Xarrison (Prezident Benjamin Xarrisonning voyaga etgan o'g'li); Meri Xarrison Makki (Prezident Benjamin Xarrisonning voyaga etgan qizi) va uning ikki farzandi; Kventin va Archi Ruzvelt (Prezident Teodor Ruzveltning o'g'illari); Prezident Vudro Uilson va uning ikkinchi xotini, Edit Uilson; Prezident Uorren G. Xarding; Prezident Franklin D. Ruzvelt; va Prezident Garri S. Truman.[98]

1952 yilgi ta'mirlash paytida, bu xona va g'arb tomonidagi katta yotoq xonasi orasidagi devor bilan o'ralgan kiyinish xonasi qurildi.[90] Ushbu kiyinish xonasiga faqat kichkina yotoqxonadan kirish mumkin edi. To'liq hammom xonaning shimoli-sharqiy burchagida ham yaratilgan.[90] Bu joy prezident Duayt D. Eyzenxauer tomonidan yotoqxona sifatida foydalanishda davom etdi; Prezident Jon F. Kennedi; va Prezident Richard Nikson - ularning barchasi xonada uxladilar. Prezident tomonidan xonani yashash xonasiga va o'quv xonasiga aylantirildi Jerald Ford,[98] va u 2013 yilga qadar yashash va yashash xonasi bo'lib qoldi.[101]

Prezidentning yotoq xonasi: katta yotoq xonasi

1981 yilda qayta jihozlanganidan so'ng, Prezidentning yotoq xonasi to'plami

To the west of this space is the large bedroom, which has usually been used by the president and first lady as their private bedroom. Sometimes a president and first lady sleep in the same room, but often they do not due to the president's early and late hours, and personal idiosyncrasies.[c]

When this room was completed in 1809, it was intended to be used as the president's bedroom. A tiny entry foyer was partitioned off at the north door, and the western part of the northern third of the room was occupied by a narrow hallway. This hallway connected to the north–south running dressing room on the western wall of the White House. A small toilet occupied the southern end of the dressing room.[93] In this configuration, the large bedroom was occupied by President James Madison and his wife, Dolley; Prezident Tomas Jefferson; Prezident Jon Adams va uning rafiqasi, Abigayl; va Prezident Jeyms Monro va uning rafiqasi, Yelizaveta.[d][98]

The entry foyer and north passage were removed by 1825.[96] The large bedroom was subsequently occupied by President Jon Kvinsi Adams va uning rafiqasi, Louisa; President Andrew Jackson;[e] President Van Buren;[f] President John Tyler and his wives Letitiya Kristian Tayler va Julia Gardiner Tayler;[g] va Prezident Jeyms K. Polk va uning rafiqasi, Sara.[h][98]

A full bath was added to the dressing room by 1849.[103] The large bedroom was then used by President Zakari Teylor va uning rafiqasi, Margaret; Prezident Millard Fillmor and his wife, Abigail;[men] President Franklin Pierce and his wife, Jeyn; Prezident Jeyms Byukenen;[j] and First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln.[98] The northern passage (this time extending across the length of the room) was restored by 1865. An open doorframe in the south wall provided access to the bedroom to the south.[99] The 1865 configuration was occupied by Senator Devid T. Patterson and his wife, Martha (daughter of President Andrew Johnson); President Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia; Prezident Rezerford B. Xeyz va uning rafiqasi, Lyusi; Prezident Jeyms Garfild va uning rafiqasi, Lucretia; Meri Artur McElroy, sister of widowed president Chester Arthur; Rut, Ester, and Marion Cleveland, young daughters of President Grover Cleveland; President Benjamin Harrison and his wife, Kerolin; President Theodore Roosevelt and his wife, Edit; Prezident Uilyam Xovard Taft va uning rafiqasi, Xelen; President Woodrow Wilson and his first wife, Ellen Axson Uilson;[k] Prezident Uorren G. Xarding va uning rafiqasi, Florensiya; Prezident Kalvin Kulidj va uning rafiqasi, Inoyat; va Prezident Herbert Guver va uning rafiqasi, Lou.[98] It was used as a sitting room by first ladies Eleanor Ruzvelt va Bess Truman.[98]

The room underwent a major architectural change in 1952. The northeast corner of the room was intruded upon by a dressing room which extended from the small bedroom to the east. Another closet extended from the west into the northwest corner of the room. To accommodate these spaces, the northern wall of the large bedroom was made convex.[90] It continued to be used as a sitting room by Bess Truman,[98] but reverted to bedroom space in 1953. It has remained in its 1952 configuration ever since, and has been occupied by First Lady Mami Eyzenxauer; First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy; Birinchi xonim Lady Bird Jonson; Birinchi xonim Pat Nikson; President Gerald R. Ford and his wife, Betti; Prezident Jimmi Karter and his wife, Rosalynn; President Ronald Reagan and his wife, Nancy; Prezident Jorj H. V. Bush and his wife, Barbara; Prezident Bill Klinton va uning rafiqasi, Hillari;[98] va Prezident Barak Obama va uning rafiqasi, Mishel.[101]

Presidential Bedroom Suite: The dressing room

The Presidential Bedroom Suite dressing room was part of the Executive Residence when it was completed in 1809.[93] A full bath was added to it some time before 1849.[103] The bath was expanded to take up half the dressing room's space in the 1952 reconstruction.[90]

The dressing room has not always served as a dressing room, however. It served as a small bedroom for Susanna Adams, daughter of President John Adams; Louisa Smith, niece of First Lady Abigail Adams; Tad Linkoln, son of President Abraham Lincoln; Robert Johnson, son of President Andrew Johnson; Anne Thompson, nursemaid to the young children of President Grover Cleveland; First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt; and First Lady Bess Truman. It was used as a private study by first ladies Lucy Webb Hayes and Lou Henry Hoover, and as a private dining room by President Woodrow Wilson and his second wife, Edith. First Lady Florence Harding used it as a dress storage room. It also served as a combination dressing room/sitting room/office to first ladies Mamie Eisenhower, Jacqueline Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, Betty Ford, Rosalynn Carter, Nancy Reagan, Barbara Bush, and Hillary Rodham Clinton.[98] Mishel Obama used it as a dressing room.[101]

G'arbiy o'tirish zali

Asosiy maqola: G'arbiy o'tirish zali

West Sitting Hall did not exist when the White House was completed in 1809. James Hoban's original design for the White House had a flight of stairs, one against the north wall and one against the south wall, on the Ground Floor. These rose to a landing, and then a single flight of stairs rose to the Second Floor.[93] This left only a small area north and south of the staircase, which by 1865 was being called the West Hall.[99] In 1869, President Grant rebuilt the stairs so that the single staircase rose against the south wall. This left what space there was in a single rather than divided area, making it more useful.[104] The new space created on the Second Floor became the West Sitting Hall.[70] Considered part of the first family's private space, the West Sitting Hall has undergone redecoration with every new presidency and is not considered a historic room.[105]

Family Kitchen and President's Dining Room

The Family Kitchen and the President's Dining Room are located in the northwest corner of the Second Floor. The large bedroom which originally existed here was known as the "Prince of Wales Room", after Albert, Uels shahzodasi stayed in the room in 1860.[106]

When this part of the Executive Residence was completed in 1809, a bedroom suite occupied this space. What is now the private stairs and Cosmetology Room were the eastern chamber and closet of the suite,[l] A bedroom and toilet occupied what is now the President's Dining Room, and a lady's dressing room was in the space currently occupied by the Family Kitchen, the kitchen storage space, and the pantry.[93]

This space was little changed by 1825. Since the private stairs from the Ground Floor were now complete, the closet in the eastern chamber was removed and a landing for the stairs inserted in the middle of the room. This effectively created an open storage area in the southern third of the chamber.[96] Birinchi xonim Louisa Adams and her niece, Mary Hellen, used the bedroom and dressing room as a bedroom suite (but did not occupy the eastern chamber).[98] From March 1829 to the summer of 1830, all three rooms were occupied by Jek va Emili Donelson and their four children.[98][m] Prezident Uilyam Genri Xarrison used the larger bedroom as his personal bedroom during his 32-day presidency in 1841.[98] Robert Tyler (son of President John Tyler), his wife, and daughter used all three rooms from April 1841 to March 1845.[98] From 1845 to 1849, the bedroom, dressing room, and eastern chamber were used by Augusta Tabb Walker and her two small children.[103][n]

A full bath was added to the eastern chamber by 1865. To accommodate the bathroom, the stairs were moved from the middle to the southern part of the room, and the storage space eliminated.[99][98] In this configuration, the bedroom was used by Willie Lincoln (who died in it).[98] Birinchi xonim Eliza Jonson used the small eastern chamber as her bedroom, while the First Family used the larger bedroom as a living room.[98] The large room was later used as a bedroom by Nelli Grant (daughter of President Ulysses S. Grant);[o] Fanny Hayes (daughter of President Rutherford B. Hayes);[p] Mary "Mollie" Garfield (daughter of President James Garfield);[q] Ellen "Nell" Arthur (daughter of President Chester Arthur);[r] President Grover Cleveland and First Lady Frensis Klivlend;[lar] James Robert and Meri Xarrison Makki and their two small children;[t] Prezident Uilyam Makkinli va uning rafiqasi, Ida; Elis Ruzvelt (daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt) from September 1901 to February 1906;[u] Ethel Roosevelt (daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt);[v] First Lady Helen Taft; Eleanor Wilson (daughter of President Woodrow Wilson);[w] Calvin Coolidge, Jr.;[x] Lorena Xikok (journalist and aide to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt);[y] va Margaret Truman (daughter of President Harry S. Truman).[98]

Major architectural changes to these spaces came in 1952. In the eastern chamber, the bathroom was removed, the stairs were widened, and the stairs moved back into the middle of the space. This created a new (and at last, enclosed) storage space south of the stairs. The passage from the eastern chamber to the bedroom was closed as well. The 1952 reconstruction turned the bedroom into a mirror image of the president's bedroom across the Center Hall. The bedroom's south wall was made convex, which created a walled-off dead space in the room's southeast corner. The southwest corner now became storage space accessible from the dressing room.[90] After the reconstruction, Margaret Truman continued to use it as her bedroom. In 1953, First Lady Mamie Eisenhower turned it from a bedroom into a sitting room for her mother, Elivera "Minnie" Doud.[98]

In 1961, the bedroom suite was torn out. Jacqueline Kennedy thought the Family Dining Room on the State Floor was too cavernous and impersonal to raise a family in, and decided that a smaller, more intimate dining room (now the President's Dining Room) should be created on the Second Floor. A small kitchen took over the space which was once a dressing room, with a pantry and storage space occupying the southern half of the space.[z] (The storage closet created in the now-convex room to the east was accessed from the new pantry.) The bedroom became the new President's Dining Room.[109][101]

Cosmetology Room

What is known today as the Cosmetology Room was originally a series of small rooms used as work and storage space. It was turned into a bathroom by 1865.[99] At some point before 1933, the bath in this space was removed and the area converted into a small office.[90] First ladies Eleanor Roosevelt and Bess Truman used the space as their personal office. President Dwight Eisenhower used it as an art room, where he would paint. The Kennedys used it as a nursery for their two small children, and First Daughter Luci Johnson used it as a study. During the Nixon administration, the room was turned into a Go'zallik saloni and named the Cosmetology Room.[98] First Lady Rosalynn Carter planned to renovate the Cosmetology Room, but left the job to First Lady Nancy Reagan. In 1981, the National Hairdressers and Cosmetologists Association paid for an $8,000 ($22,498 in 2019 dollars) refurbishment of the Cosmetology Room. Added to the room were a $400 ($1,125 in 2019 dollars) go'shti Qizil baliq -colored Louis XV lounge chair, $720 ($2,025 in 2019 dollars) white leather side chair, $230 ($647 in 2019 dollars) manicurist's stool, $346 ($973 in 2019 dollars) enamel shampoo bowl, $1,200 ($3,375 in 2019 dollars) pair of hair dryers, $1,800 ($5,062 in 2019 dollars) in wallpaper featuring a pattern consisting of a minute Chinese-style medallion, $3,000 ($5,624 in 2019 dollars) mercan -colored handmade wool rug, white Lucite make-up center, green and red drapes, and dotted white batiste curtains from Switzerland.[110] The space remained a beauty parlor into 2013.[101]

West Room, North Hall, and East Room

The West Room, North Hall, and East Room occupy the center section of the north wall of the Executive Residence. When this area of the mansion was completed in 1809, a single large storeroom occupied this space.[93] The western wall of the East Room was in place by 1825. Two small storerooms had also been created in what would later be the North Hall by constructing short, non-load bearing walls. These walls projected west, dividing the room into thirds.[96] The North Hall as it exists today was created by 1865 when the storage partitions in the West Room were removed.[99]

The West Room served, at various times, as a bedroom for Willie Lincoln, President Andrew Johnson, Andrew Johnson Jr. (President Johnson's son), Robert va Charles Taft (sons of President Taft),[aa] Jozef P. Lash (a close friend of First lady Eleanor Roosevelt), Reathel Odum (private secretary First Lady Bess Truman), Jon F. Kennedi kichik; va Chak va Lynda Bird Jonson Robb va ularning qizi. The room was converted into a playroom for First Daughter Emi Karter in 1977, and President Ronald Reagan had it set up as a fitness room.[98]

The North Hall was where President Abraham Lincoln stood as he delivered speeches to crowds on the Shimoliy maysazor. It was used as a schoolroom for Fanny and Scott Hayes, youngest children of President Rutherford B. Hayes. This served as a maid's room during the two terms of President Theodore Roosevelt, as a bedroom for Maude Shaw (nursemaid for Kerolin Kennedi and John F. Kennedy, Jr.), and as a clothing storage space for first ladies Lady Bird Johnson and Nancy Reagan.[98]

The East Room's first documented use was as a bedroom for Frederick Dent (the father of First Lady Julia Grant). It later served as a bedroom for President Chester Arthur, Mary Dimmick (First Lady Caroline Harrison's niece and private secretary), John Witherspoon Scott (father of First Lady Caroline Harrison), Kermit Ruzvelt, Madge Wallace (mother of First Lady Bess Truman), Caroline Kennedy, Pat and Luci Nugent (she was the daughter of President Lyndon B. Jonson ), Tricia Nikson, Syuzan Ford (daughter of President Gerald Ford), and Amy Carter. It was converted into an office for First Lady Nancy Reagan, but turned back into a bedroom for use by Chelsea Clinton (daughter of President Bill Klinton ).[98]

Scott Hayes (young son of President Rutherford B. Hayes), Birchard Hayes (teenage son of President Rutherford B. Hayes), Irvin Garfield (young son of President James Garfield), Abram Garfield (young son of President James Garfield), also used either the West Room or East Room as a bedroom, but records are not clear which.[98]

Uchinchi qavat

During a 1927 renovation the White House attic was rebuilt into a Third Floor. It was further expanded with the Truman Reconstruction and currently contains 20 rooms, nine bathrooms, and a main hall. This floor was once used for staff bedrooms, but no staff currently live in the White House.[111] Jacqueline Kennedy extensively decorated these rooms with her favorite White House antiques, with her best known room being the "Empire Guest Room" (finished in First French Empire style ).[112] Prezident Jimmi Karter had one room paneled with wood panels taken from an old family barn in Georgia.[112] Birinchi xonim Hillari Klinton turned one of the rooms into a soundproof music room where President Bill Klinton could play his saksafon without disturbing others, turned a guest room into an exercise room, and created an "Eleanor Roosevelt Room" for her own use.[112] Qachon Marian Robinson moved to the White House alongside her daughter Mishel Obama 's family in 2009, she took a bedroom and sitting area on the Third Floor as her private quarters.[113] Qachon Donald Tramp became president, his and First Lady Melaniya Tramp o'g'li Barron took a bedroom on the Third Floor.[114]

Other notable features on the Third Floor include a quyosh xonasi bilan nam bar (atop the south portico), billiards room, and outdoor rooftop promenade.[115] Visiting dignitaries are normally housed in the Second Floor state bedrooms and foreign heads of state and government customarily stay at Bler Xaus.[116][117][118]

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar
  1. ^ Jefferson also asked Latrobe to design permanent partitions for the East Room in 1807. Latrobe did so. It is widely assumed that these were never implemented, but Phillips-Schrock argues, based on photographs taken during the mansion's 1952 reconstruction, that these alterations were in fact implemented in the northern half of the East Room.[48]
  2. ^ The bedroom would be used whenever the President did not want to disturb the First Lady, such as when he had to work late or if she were ill.
  3. ^ Prezident Lindon Jonson often woke in the middle of the night and would read. He slept in a separate bedroom so as not to disturb First Lady Lady Bird Johnson.
  4. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room the Monroes used.
  5. ^ Uning xotini, Reychel Jekson, died before her husband became president.
  6. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room Van Buren used. Van Buren's wife, Hannah Van Buren, died before her husband became president.
  7. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room the Tylers used. Letitia Tyler died on September 10, 1842. President Tyler remarried on June 26, 1844.
  8. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room the Polks used.
  9. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room the Fillmores used.
  10. ^ President Buchanan never married.
  11. ^ Ellen Wilson died on August 6, 1914.
  12. ^ The southern third of the space was a closet. The northern two-thirds of this space was the bedchamber.
  13. ^ President Jackson's wife, Reychel Jekson, died before her husband took office. Emily acted as hostess for her father until the summer of 1830, when the Petticoat ishi created a rift between them. Emily declined to return to the White House. Sara York Jekson, the president's daughter-in-law, served as hostess from November 1834 to March 1837. Sources differ on whether Emily Donelson and her family ever returned to the White House.
  14. ^ She was the wife of J. Knox Walker. He was President James K. Polk's nephew and private secretary.
  15. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room Nellie Grant used.
  16. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room Fanny Hayes used.
  17. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room Mollie Garfield used.
  18. ^ This is an assumption of historians, as the evidence is unclear as to which room Nell Arthur used.
  19. ^ President Cleveland, a bakalavr, initially occupied the room alone. After his marriage to Frances Folsom on June 2, 1886, the President and First Lady lived together in the room. Cleveland failed to win re-election in 1888. But he won the presidency again in 1892, and once more the Clevelands occupied this space together.
  20. ^ First Lady Caroline Harrison died on October 25, 1892. Her daughter, Mary, took over hostess duties at the White House for her father, President Benjamin Harrison. The eastern chamber served as the bolalar bog'chasi /bedroom for the children.[98]
  21. ^ Alice Roosevelt married Nikolas Longvort on February 17, 1906, at which time she left the Executive Residence.
  22. ^ Ethel Roosevelt first occupied the room in mid-February 1906, after her sister, Alice, married and left the White House.
  23. ^ Eleanor Wilson married Uilyam Gibbs Makadu on May 7, 1914, after which time she left the Executive Residence.
  24. ^ Calvin first occupied the room in August 1923. The 16-year-old boy died of sepsis (blood poisoning) on July 7, 1924.
  25. ^ Historian Carl Anthony Sferazza claims that FDR's aide, Lui Xou, and his wife Grace Howe lived in this bedroom.[98] But historian Jean Edward Smith says the Howes occupied the Lincoln Bedroom.[107]
  26. ^ A dumbwaitit connected this kitchen with the main kitchen on the ground floor.[108]
  27. ^ Historian Carl Anthony Sferazza notes that while it is well-established that both Robert and Charles Taft used the West Room, either or both boys may also have used the East Room.
Iqtiboslar
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Bibliografiya

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Ijroiya uyini yangilash bo'yicha komissiya (1952). Ijroiy uyni ta'mirlash bo'yicha komissiyaning hisoboti. Vashington, DC: AQSh hukumatining bosmaxonasi.
  • Garrett, Wendell (1995). Bizning o'zgaruvchan Oq uyimiz. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN  1555532225.
  • Truman, Margaret (2003). Prezident uyi: 1800 yilgacha. Nyu-York: Ballantina. ISBN  0345444523.
  • White House Historical Association (2001). Oq uy: tarixiy qo'llanma. White House Historical Association and National Geographic Association. ISBN  0912308796.

Tashqi havolalar

  • Oq uy tarixiy birlashmasi – an official virtual museum of the White House, with floor plans, photographs, and extensive descriptions of both historical and current furnishings.

Koordinatalar: 38 ° 53′52 ″ N. 77 ° 02′11 ″ V / 38.89778°N 77.03639°W / 38.89778; -77.03639