MTA mintaqaviy avtobus operatsiyalari - MTA Regional Bus Operations

MTA mintaqaviy avtobus operatsiyalari

Shior	Yaxshilash ... to'xtovsiz.
Ota-ona	Metropolitan transport boshqarmasi
Tashkil etilgan	2008 yil 7-may[1]
Bosh ofis	2 Broadway, Nyu York, Nyu-York 10004-2207
Mahalliy	Nyu-York metropoliteni
Xizmat maydoni	Nyu-York shahri
Xizmat turi	Mahalliy, cheklangan to'xtash joyi, avtobus tez tranzit va tezkor avtobus xizmati
Marshrutlar	Jami 325: 234 ta mahalliy yo'nalishlar 71 tezkor yo'nalishlar 20 SBS marshrutlar
Filo	5,725[2]
Kundalik chavandozlik	5,02 million (2016)
Yoqilg'i turi	Siqilgan tabiiy gaz Dizel Gibrid elektr
Operator	Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi MTA avtobus kompaniyasi
Prezident	Kreyg Sipriano (aktyorlik)[3]
Veb-sayt	mta.info/ nyct

MTA mintaqaviy avtobus operatsiyalari (RBO) ning sirtdan tranzit bo'linishi Metropolitan transport boshqarmasi (MTA). U 2008 yilda barcha avtobus operatsiyalarini birlashtirish uchun yaratilgan Nyu-York shahri MTA tomonidan boshqariladi. 2018 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], MTA hududiy avtobus operatsiyalari 234 ta mahalliy yo'nalish, 71 ta tezkor yo'nalish va 20 ta yo'nalish bo'yicha harakat qiladi Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang marshrutlar. Uning 5725 avtobusdan iborat parki Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng yirik munitsipal avtobus parki bo'lib, 24/7 ishlaydi.

Bo'lim ikkita brenddan iborat: MTA avtobusi va Nyu-York shahridagi MTA avtobusi. MTA Bus sobiq xususiy kompaniyalarning yo'nalishlarini birlashtirgan bo'lsa, MTA New York City Bus 2005 yilgacha shahar tomonidan qabul qilingan jamoat marshrutlaridan iborat. MTA ham ishlaydi paratransit xizmatlari va ilgari faoliyat ko'rsatgan Long Island avtobusi. 2018 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], MTA Regional Bus Operations-ning xarajatlar uchun byudjet yuki 773 million dollarni tashkil etdi.

Brendlar va xizmat ko'rsatish sohasi

Mintaqaviy avtobus operatsiyalari hozirda faqat rasmiy hujjatlarda qo'llaniladi va ommaviy ravishda brend sifatida emas. Amaldagi ommaviy brendlar quyida keltirilgan:

• Nyu-York shahridagi MTA avtobusi - tomonidan boshqariladigan Nyu-York shahri ichidagi ko'p marshrutlar Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi (NYCT) va sho'ba manhetten va Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority.
• MTA avtobusi - ilgari. Tomonidan boshqariladigan xizmat Nyu-York shahar transport departamenti Qabul qilish paytida ettita kompaniya tomonidan boshqarilgan, asosan Kronzda to'plangan, Bronks va Bruklindagi ba'zi marshrutlar bilan va Bruklin, Kvins va Bronksdan Manxettenga tezkor xizmat. Ettita sobiq kompaniyalar: Buyruq avtobus kompaniyasi, Inc.; Yashil avtobus chiziqlari, Inc.; Yamayka avtobuslari, Inc., Liberty Lines Express, Inc.; Nyu-York avtobus xizmati, Inc.; Queens Surface Korp.; va Triboro murabbiyi Corp.

Eng keng tarqalgan sxema - avtobusning yon tomonlari bo'ylab oq poydevorga to'g'ri tekis ko'k chiziq, old va orqa tomonlarida rangsiz va qora deraza bezaklari. 1977 yildan 2007 yil oxirigacha (va hali ham flotning ko'p qismida mavjud), jigar rang qora orqa tomonli to'liq chiziq bo'lib, 2010 yil oxirigacha (va shu vaqtgacha qayta bo'yalgan avtobuslarda ham mavjud), bu sxema orqa qismi bo'sh chiziq bilan. Avtobuslar ishlagan Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang avtobus tez tranzit xizmat oynalar ostiga och ko'k va oq rang bilan o'ralgan. 2016 yilning bahorida to'q jigarrang, och ko'k va sariq ranglarga asoslangan, asosan old va yon tomonlari ko'k, och ko'k va sariq to'lqin va orqa tomoni sariq rangga ega bo'lgan yangi livery joriy etildi. Ushbu yangi jigar asta-sekin oq tayanch jigarrangdagi ko'k chiziqni almashtiradi.

Hozirda RBO-ning ko'plab operatsion o'zgarishlari boshqaruv darajasida bo'lib, yagona boshqaruv markazini yaratish va barcha avtobus operatsiyalari uchun menejmentni konsolidatsiyalash bilan agentlikdagi ishchilarni qisqartirish maqsadida amalga oshirildi. Boshqa o'zgarishlar qatoriga MTA Bus call-markazini bekor qilish, uni MTA New York City Transit xizmatiga qo'shib qo'yish va MTAning barcha xizmatlari uchun tarif siyosatini birlashtirish kiradi.

Tarix

MTA avtobuslari faoliyati tarixi odatda tarixiga amal qiladi Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi 1953 yil 15-iyun kuni Nyu-York shtati tomonidan operatsiyalarni o'z zimmasiga olish uchun yaratilgan MTA New York City Transit (NYCT) nomi bilan ham tanilgan. Nyu-York shahar transport kengashi.^{[4]:133[5]:302[6]} 1962 yilda Shtat Manhetten va Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA) ni NYCTning sho'ba korxonasi sifatida tashkil etdi va keyinchalik ikkita xususiy kompaniya - Fifth Avenue Coach Lines, Inc va Surface Transit, Inc.^{[4]:133[5]:268[6]} NYCT ham, MaBSTOA ham Nyu-York shahri bilan ijara shartnomasi asosida ishlaydi.^{[5]:81[4]:133}

Nyu-York shahridagi MTA avtobusi

NYC Transit Authority uchun erta xizmat

Shaharning yer usti tranziti bilan shaharning ishtiroki shahar hokimi 1919 yil sentyabrda boshlangan Jon Frensis Xilan, Nyu-York shahar o'simlik va inshootlar departamenti (DP&S) orqali xususiy tadbirkorlarni tashlab qo'yilgan to'rtta avtomobil o'rniga "shoshilinch" avtobuslarni boshqarish uchun uyushgan. akkumulyator batareyasi tramvay liniyalari: Madison Street Line, Bahor va Delansi ko'chalari chizig'i, Avenyu S chizig'i va Oltinchi avenyu parom liniyasi.^[7] Kabi qatorlarni almashtirib, tez orada ko'plab yo'nalishlar qo'shildi Bruklin va Shimoliy daryo liniyasi (aravachalar )^[8] va Queens avtobus liniyalari (avtobuslar),^[9] va DP&S ham ishlay boshladi aravachalar yilda Staten oroli Staten Island Midland Railway tizimini almashtirish uchun.^[10][11]

1921 yilda DP&S tomonidan sotib olingan Williamsburg Bridge Local trolleyini boshqaradigan Bridge Operating Company yana bir shaharni sotib oldi.^[12] Boshqa chiziqlardan farqli o'laroq,^{[iqtibos kerak ]} bu shahar boshqaruvi ostida qoldi va uning o'rniga B39 1948 yil 5-dekabrda avtobus yo'nalishi, keyin esa Nyu-York shahar transport kengashi.^[13]

Shaharni egallashi bilan Bruklin-Manxetten tranzit korporatsiyasi yuzaki sho''ba korxonasi Bruklin va Kvins tranzit korporatsiyasi, 1940 yil 2 iyunda,^[14] shahar trolleybus va avtobus yo'nalishlarining katta tarmog'iga ega bo'lib, barchasini qamrab oldi Bruklin va Queensning ba'zi qismlari.^[15] 1947 yil 23 fevralda transport kengashi boshqaruvni qabul qildi Staten oroli Isle transport kompaniyasining avtobus tarmog'i.^[16] Keyinchalik sotib olish 1947 yil 30 martda amalga oshirildi North Shore avtobus kompaniyasi yilda Malika,^[17] va 1948 yil 24 sentyabrda East Side Omnibus Corporation va Comprehensive Omnibus Corporation bilan Manxetten.^[18] Bruklinning so'nggi aravalari edi Cherkov xiyoboni chizig'i va McDonald avenyu liniyasi, 1956 yil 31 oktyabrda to'xtatilgan,^[19] xususiy (Queensboro Bridge Railway tomonidan) Queensboro Bridge Local 1957 yilgacha bo'lgan.^[20][21][22]

1970-yillarning boshlari, ko'k bazadan foydalangan holda. Ushbu avtobus, a Flxible yangi ko'rinish, 2008 yilda maxsus ta'til xizmatida ishlaydi.

Shunday qilib, 1950-yillarning oxirlarida shahar Staten-Aylend va Bruklindagi barcha mahalliy xizmatlarni, Kvinsdagi mahalliy xizmatlarning yarmiga yaqini va Manxettenning bir nechta yo'nalishlarini boshqargan. Bir nechta xususiy kompaniyalar Kvinsda avtobuslarda harakat qilishgan va Avenue B va East Broadway Transit Company kichik Manxetten tizimida ishlagan, ammo hozirgacha eng katta tizim bu Beshinchi avenyu murabbiylar kompaniyasi va Yer usti tranziti Manxettenning deyarli barcha yo'nalishlarini va Bronksning barcha yo'nalishlarini, shuningdek, ikkitasini Kvinsga (15 Beshinchi avenyu - Jekson Heights va TB Triborough ko'prigi) va bitta Kvins ichida (16 Elmxurst Krosstaun) boshqargan. Keyin urish 1962 yilda shahar avtobus kompaniyalari aktivlarini qoraladi. Kutilayotgan avtobus qatnovini xususiy mulkka qaytarish uchun Nyu-York shahar tranzit ma'muriyatining sho'ba korxonasi sifatida Manhetten va Bronks Surface Transit Operating Authority (MaBSTOA) nomli yangi agentlik, sobiq Beshinchi Avenyu Coach Lines-ni boshqarish uchun tashkil etildi. Inc va Surface Transit, Inc yo'nalishlari shahardan ijaraga olingan. Yakuniy sotib olish 1980 yilda MaBSTOA Avenue B & East Broadway Transit Co. Inc yo'nalishlarini qabul qilganida, MaBSTOA uskunalari yordamida Avenue B qizil marshrutga burilish belgilariga ega edi (NYCTA tayinlangan 13 Grumman Flxibles-ni sotib oldi) Avenue B va ularni NYCTA xizmatiga joylashtirdi).^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Biroq, 1981 yil oxirida MTA Nyu-York shahar tranzit ma'muriyatining sirt bo'limini (aka NYCTA davlat xizmati) Manxetten va Bronks er usti tranzitini boshqarish boshqarmasi (aka MABSTOA nodavlat xizmat) ni MTA - Nyu-Yorkdan foydalangan holda bitta tashkilotga birlashtirishga qaror qildi. City Transit Authority, yoki MTA - Nyu-York City Bus monikeri o'rniga avvalgi.

Qolgan avtoulovlarni, shuningdek tezkor yo'nalishlarning aksariyatini jamoat nazorati 2005 va 2006 yillarda shahar etti xususiy avtobus kompaniyasining aktivlarini sotib olib, yangi bilan shartnoma tuzgandan so'ng amalga oshirildi. MTA avtobus kompaniyasi ularning ishlashi va moliyalashtirilishi uchun.^[23] 2008 yilda Nyu-York Siti Tranzit va MTA Bus Company (shuningdek, hozirgi Long Island Island Bus bo'limi) ning avtobus operatsiyalari yangi mintaqaviy operatsiya - MTA Regional Bus Operations-ga birlashtirildi. Nyu-York City Bus va MTA Bus brendlari barcha avtobuslarda foydalanishda davom etmoqda, ammo Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi, Manxetten va Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority, va MTA Bus Company xizmat ko'rsatuvchi yuridik shaxs bo'lib qolmoqdalar.

MTA avtobusi

Oddiy transport vositasi, an MCh tezkor avtobus xizmatida ishlatiladigan kreyser. Ushbu misol 1977 yildan 2016 yilgacha ishlatilgan libosni kiyadi.

MTA avtobus kompaniyasi 2004 yil oxirida shahar tomonidan ilgari boshqarilgan va subsidiya qilingan xususiy avtobus marshrutlarini o'z zimmasiga olish natijasida avtobus xizmatlarini ko'rsatish uchun tashkil etilgan. NYCDOT.^[24][25][26]

Q100 Limited-da joylashgan MTA Bus Orion VII OG, ushbu yo'nalish Q101R sifatida Queens Surface Corporation tarkibiga kirgan, 2005 yilda MTA egallab olingunga qadar.

Marshrutlar birinchisidan boshlab, pog'onali jadval asosida qabul qilindi Liberty Lines Express avtobus marshrutlari 2005 yil 3-yanvar, Queens Surface Corporation avtobus yo'nalishlari 2005 yil 27 fevral, Nyu-York avtobus xizmati avtobus yo'nalishlari 2005 yil 1-iyul, Buyruq avtobus kompaniyasi avtobus yo'nalishlari 2005 yil 5-dekabr, Yashil avtobus chiziqlari avtobus marshrutlari 2006 yil 9 yanvar va Yamayka avtobuslari avtobus marshrutlari 2006 yil 30 yanvarda. Triboro murabbiylar korporatsiyasi, qolgan oxirgi kompaniya 2006 yil 20 fevralda o'z faoliyatini to'xtatdi.^{[24][27][28][29][30]}

Hozirgi vaqtda MTA Bus-ga qo'shilmagan yagona NYCDOT-subsidiyalangan liniyalar boshqariladigan yo'nalishlardir Akademiya avtobusi va ilgari Atlantic Express Academy Bus bundan oldin ushbu yo'nalishlarda va boshqalarni 2001 yilgacha Atlantic Express va NYCT egallab olgan paytgacha boshqargan.^[31] X23 va X24 marshrutlari Atlantic Express tomonidan so'rilgan bo'lsa-da, X17J, X21, X22 va X30 marshrutlari Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi. NYCT kompaniyani egallab olganidan keyin X21 oy ichida to'xtatdi.^[32] Yaqinda NYS Assambleyasi a'zosi Lou tamaki va NYS senatori Endryu Lanza, AQSh Kongressi a'zosi bilan birga Maykl E. MakMaxon va NYC maslahatchilari Vinsent Ignizio va Jeyms Oddo MTA-dan NYCDOT yo'nalishlarining qolgan qismini konsolidatsiyasini ko'rib chiqishni so'radi.^[33] Bruklindagi xususiy transport deb nomlangan kompaniya B110 yo'nalishini boshqaradi; bu franchayzing, lekin NYCDOT tomonidan subsidiyalanmagan. Atlantic Express shuningdek, AE7 ekspres yo'nalishini Tottenvil va Travis Staten orolining mahallalari, xususiy transport B110 mahalliy yo'nalishi bilan bir xil tarzda. Atlantika ekspressi kam yo'lovchilarni va xarajatlarning oshishini aytib, 2010 yil 31 dekabrda AE7 xizmatini bekor qildi. Konsilmen Ignizio va Oddo hamda kongressmen Maykl G. Grimm MTA-ni ushbu yo'nalishni ham yangilashga chaqirdi.^[34]

Birlashish

MTA aniq Nova Bus LFS bo'g'inli avtobusi 2016 yil bahorida taqdim etilgan hozirgi liverda

Amaldagi tizim 2000 yillarning o'rtalarida MTA, uning sho'ba korxonasi - MTA Bus Company (MTABC) orqali ilgari xususiy avtoulovlar tomonidan boshqariladigan operatsion vakolatlar shartnomalari asosida boshqariladigan xizmatlarni qabul qilganidan so'ng paydo bo'ldi. Nyu-York shahar transport departamenti, Nyu-York shahridagi Franchayzalar byurosining vorisi. MTABC Nyu-York shahri bilan tuzilgan shartnomaga binoan MTABCning barcha xarajatlari, operatsion daromadlarni kamaytirgan holda ishlaydi. Bu Nyu-York shahridagi deyarli barcha avtobus transportlarini o'z nazorati ostiga oldi.^[35]

2006 yilda avtobuslarni birlashtirish tugagandan so'ng,^[36] keyinchalik MTA boshqaruv funktsiyasini birlashtirish orqali o'z faoliyatini soddalashtirishga o'tdi. Shu maqsadda, RBO rasmiy ravishda 2008 yil may oyida tuzilgan bo'lib, u erda MTA Nyu-York shahar tranzitining avtobuslar departamenti prezidenti Jozef J. Smit konsolidatsiyalangan avtobus operatsiyalariga rahbarlik qilish uchun tayinlangan edi.^[1] MTA mintaqaviy avtobusi ham tarkibiga kiradi Long Island orolidagi avtobus bo'linish 2011 yil dekabrgacha, uning xizmatlari Veolia Transport xususiy operatoriga o'tkazilguniga qadar.^[37]

2008 yilda MTA Bus Company va New York City Transit (shuningdek, hozirgi Long Island Island Bus bo'limi) ning avtobus operatsiyalari yangi mintaqaviy operatsiya - MTA Regional Bus Operations-ga birlashtirildi. MTA Bus brendidan foydalanishda davom etmoqda. Ushbu tovar va Nyu-York Siti avtobusi 2016 yildan boshlab etkazib beriladigan avtobuslardan olib tashlandi va ko'k chiziqli libos yangi ko'k-sariq jigar rangiga almashtirildi. Yangi buyurtma bilan birinchi buyurtma, MTA Bus uchun 75 ta bo'g'inli avtobuslar 2016 yilning bahor va yoz oylarida etkazib berildi.^[1]

2011 yil 31 dekabrigacha MTA mintaqaviy avtobus qatnovi ham faoliyat ko'rsatgan Nassau okrugi ilgari ma'lum bo'lgan avtobus va paratransit xizmati Long Island avtobusi. Ushbu xizmat MTA tomonidan uning binolari va jihozlariga egalik qilgan Nassau okrugi bilan tuzilgan shartnoma asosida amalga oshirildi. 2011 yilda MTA Nassau okrugidan Long Island avtobusiga o'sha paytdagiga qaraganda ko'proq mablag 'ajratishni so'ragan. Tuman qo'shimcha mablag 'ajratishdan bosh tortdi va MTA 2011 yil oxirida tizimning ishlashini to'xtatish uchun ovoz berdi. Keyin okrug yollashga qaror qildi. Veolia Transport, (hozir Transdev ) tizimni 2012 yildan boshlab MTA o'rnida ishlatish uchun xususiy transport kompaniyasi. Keyinchalik tizim "Nassau Inter-County Express" rebrendingi bilan shug'ullangan.^[37]

Amaliyotlar

MTA mintaqaviy avtobus yo'nalishlari Nyu-York bo'ylab tarqaladi. Shu bilan birga, ba'zi avtobus yo'nalishlari shahar chegaralaridan tashqarida ham ishlashi mumkin. Q5 va Q85 yo'nalishlari kesib o'tadi Nassau okrugi ga o'tish uchun chegara Green Acres savdo markazi yilda Vodiy oqimi. Q2 va Q110 yo'nalishlari Xempsted Turnpiksi bo'ylab harakatlanayotganda va Queensni tark etishadi Cross Island Island Parkway va Belmont poyga yo'li yilda Elmont, ular aylanib, yana shaharga kiradigan joy. Q46 mahalliy va QM6 tezyurar avtobuslari Lakevil yo'li bo'ylab harakatlanadi Muvaffaqiyatli ko'l, Nassau County Long-Aylend yahudiy tibbiyot markazi va Shimoliy Shor minoralari. Q113 va Q114 janubi-sharqiy Queens va Nassau okrugiga o'tadi Uzoq Rokvay. Pik soatlarda Q111 avtobuslarini tanlang Sedurxerst Nassau okrugida.^[38] Bx16 yo'nalishi ishlaydi Vestchester okrugi ikki blok uchun Vernon tog'i. Bx7, Bx9, Bx31 va Bx34 avtobuslari Bronks-Vestchester chegarasida so'nggi to'xtash joylarini amalga oshiradi. BxM3 tezyurar avtobuslari Getti maydonida harakatlanayotganda shaharni tark etadi Yonkerlar.^[38] Q4, Q12, Q30, Q36, Q43 va Q111 avtobuslari Queens-Nassau chegarasida so'nggi to'xtash joylariga etib boradi. S89 - bu davlat chegaralaridan tashqarida to'xtashga imkon beradigan yagona marshrut 34-chi ko'cha Gudson-Bergen yengil temir yo'li stantsiya Bayonne, Nyu-Jersi. Ba'zi Staten Island ekspres yo'nalishlari Nyu-Jersi orqali o'tadi, lekin shtatda to'xtamaydi.^[39]

Mahalliy avtobus marshrutlari raqam va prefiks bilan belgilangan bo'lib, faoliyatning asosiy tumanini belgilaydi (B uchun Bruklin,^[40] Bx uchun Bronks,^[41] M uchun Manxetten,^[42] Q uchun Malika,^[38] va S uchun Staten oroli^[39]).^[a] Manxettenga tezyurar avtobus marshrutlari, odatda, oxirida "M" belgisi bo'lgan ikki harfli prefiksdan foydalaniladi (masalan, Bruklindan ekspres yo'nalish old qo'shimchali BM;^[40] Bronksdan, BxM;^[41] Queensdan, QM;^[38] va Staten orolidan, SIM karta^[39][43][44]). Ushbu qoidadan istisnolar Nyu-York Siti Tranzit tomonidan boshqariladigan Bruklin va Kvins ekspres yo'nalishlaridan iborat X prefiks. Harfli qo'shimchalar filiallar yoki variantlarni belgilash uchun ishlatilishi mumkin.^{[40][41][38][39]} Ikki harfli prefiksli ekspress tizim (BM, BxM va QM) sobiq xususiy tashuvchilar tomonidan ishlatilgan.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

2018 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], MTA mintaqaviy avtobus operatsiyalarining xarajatlar uchun byudjet yuki 773 million dollarni tashkil etdi, bu soliqlar va to'lovlarni yig'ish orqali qo'llab-quvvatlanadi.^[45]

Mahalliy va cheklangan to'xtash xizmati

Avvalgi Bee-Line avtobus tizimi Orion V ustida 113-savol marshrut belgisida "LIMITED" yozuvini ko'rsatib, operator panelida bir nechta "Limited" kartalari mavjud. Ushbu maxsus avtobus 2013 yilda xizmatdan olib tashlangan va bekor qilingan.

Mahalliy va cheklangan to'xtash avtobuslar bitta tuman hududida yoki ba'zi hollarda ikkitasida xizmat ko'rsatishadi. Mahalliy avtobuslar marshrut bo'ylab barcha to'xtash joylarini to'xtatgan bo'lsa, cheklangan avtobuslar faqat gavjum transport punktlarida, diqqatga sazovor joylarda va juda ko'p ishlatiladigan yo'llarda to'xtaydi. Cheklangan to'xtash xizmati birinchi bo'lib M4 avtobus 1973 yilda shovqin paytida, keyin u erdan boshqa yo'nalishlarga kengaytirildi. Odatiy o'rnatish shundan iboratki, cheklangan to'xtash xizmati to'liq marshrutni boshqaradi, mahalliy xizmatlar esa faqat cheklangan to'xtash zonasida ishlaydi va cheklangan to'xtash avtobuslari mahalliy aholi tomonidan xizmat ko'rsatilmaydigan marshrutning oxirigacha harakatlanadi (ba'zi metroning ishiga o'xshash) xizmatlari va Staten-Aylend temir yo'li). To'liq marshrutli to'xtash avtobuslari ham mavjud, ularning mahalliy variantlari butun marshrut bo'ylab cheklangan to'xtash joylarini yaratadi; bir xil yo'nalish bo'yicha mahalliy variantlari bo'lmagan, faqat cheklangan avtobuslar; va cheklangan zonali avtobuslar, marshrutning dumining uchlari yaqinida yarim cheklangan qismi (to'xtash joylari orasidagi masofa odatdagi cheklangan yo'nalishlarga qaraganda kichikroq) va o'rtada to'xtovsiz qism.

Ko'pgina "Stop-Stop" avtobuslari yo'nalish belgisida "LIMITED" yoki "LIMITED STOPS" (YO'Q) to'xtaydi. Ba'zan avtobus operatori tomonidan old oynaning pastki qismiga to'q sariq va binafsha rangli "Cheklangan" belgisi ham qo'yiladi. To'q to'q ko'k "LOCAL" va qizil "Express" belgilari ham mavjud.^[46]

Quyidagi MTA mintaqaviy avtobus yo'nalishlari cheklangan to'xtash xizmatidan foydalanadi (Staten Island bo'lmagan yo'nalishlarda, marshrutlarni raqamlash tizimi mavjud, qalin cheklangan to'xtash marshrutida tegishli mahalliy xizmat yo'qligini bildiradi va kursiv cheklangan to'xtash yo'nalishi bo'yicha tegishli kunduzgi mahalliy xizmat mavjud emasligini bildiradi):

Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang

Avtobus xizmati uchun to'lovlarni to'lash markazini tanlang.

Da ishlaydigan №6098 avtobus xizmati avtobusini tanlang M60 SBS orqali xizmat Morningside Heights.

Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang (SBS), MTA uchun tovar nomi avtobus tez tranzit xizmat - bu cheklangan to'xtash avtobus xizmatining bir variantidir va yo'l haqini to'lashni talab qiladi oldin avtobusga chiqish, belgilangan "stantsiyalar" dagi boshpanalarda yo'l haqini to'lash mashinalarida (bunday boshpana o'ng tomonda ko'rsatilgan). Yo'l haqini to'lash uchun berilgan kvitansiyalar "to'lovni tasdiqlovchi hujjat "bu so'rov bo'yicha MTA tariflari inspektorlariga ko'rsatilishi kerak. Yo'nalish mashinasi kvitansiyani rasmiylashtirmagan taqdirda, avtobus operatori muammo haqida xabardor qilinishi kerak. Ushbu yangi xizmatni amalga oshirish yangi yo'l belgilari va trafik bilan bog'langan faqat kunduzi avtobuslar uchun yo'lni ajratib turadigan belgilar.^[47]

Birinchi tanlang Avtobus xizmati koridor, Bx12 birga 207-chi ko'cha, Fordham yo'li va Pelxem Parkvey, xizmatga 2008 yil 29 iyunda joylashtirilgan.^[48] Keyingi satr M15, ko'rdim Select Service 2010 yil 10 oktyabrda yangi past polli avtobuslar etkazib berilgandan so'ng boshlanadi.^[49][50] The M34 /M34A liniyasi 2011 yil 13 noyabrda boshlangan. Dastlab, 34-ko'chadagi avtoulov rejalashtirilgan edi, bu esa yo'q qilishni talab qiladi 34-chi ko'cha ko'cha bo'ylab, lekin u SBS standart modeli foydasiga tashlandi.^[51] The B44 Rojers /Bedford /Nostrand prospektlari avtobus yo'nalishi, shahardagi beshinchi avtobus xizmati yo'lagi, 2013 yil 17 noyabrda yangi tariflar paydo bo'lganidan so'ng amalga oshirildi. The S79 Hylan bulvari /Richmond xiyoboni Dastlab 2013 yilda SBSga o'tkazilishi rejalashtirilgan marshrut 2012 yil 2 sentyabrga ko'chirildi; S79 marshrutining mahalliy ekvivalentlari S78 va S59 avtobuslari.^[52] Oltinchi yo'lak, Bronks uchun ikkinchi, xizmat ko'rsatishni boshladi Bx41 Vebster-avenyu marshrutni 2013 yil 30 iyun kuni; ushbu yo'nalish xizmatni boshlagan birinchi "II bosqich" SBS yo'nalishi bo'ldi (mavjud koridorlar va B44 I bosqichni o'z ichiga oladi). Vebster-avenyu bo'ylab yana bir tanlang avtobus xizmati marshruti, ular o'rtasida harakatlanish uchun kengaytiriladi LaGuardia aeroporti va Fordham Plaza mahalliy Bx41 yo'nalishi bilan bir qatorda, keyinchalik amalga oshirish uchun taklif etiladi.^[53][54][55]

Ettinchi yo'lak, uchinchisi esa Manxetten uchun M60 125-chi ko'cha –Triboro ko'prigi –Astoriya bulvari avtobus yo'nalishi - LaGuardia aeroporti, 2014 yil 25 mayda SBSga o'zgartirildi; mahalliy xizmat M60 (the.) yo'nalishi bo'ylab harakatlanadigan boshqa yo'nalishlar bilan almashtirildi M100, M101, Bx15 va 19-savol ).^[56] Avtobus xizmatining sakkizinchi marshruti 2014–2017 moliyaviy rejada rejalashtirilgan edi.^[57] Avtoservisning sakkizinchi yo'lagi (umuman to'qqizinchi marshrut) va Manxettenning to'rtinchisi - bu uchun edi M86 yugurish 86-chi ko'cha, dastlab 2015 yil 28 iyunda ishga tushirilishi kerak edi, lekin 2015 yil 13 iyulga qaytdi; u to'xtash joylarida katta o'zgarishlarni o'z ichiga olmadi.^[58]

To'qqizinchi yo'lak, ikkinchisi Bruklin uchun bu B46 kuni Utika xiyoboni. Amalga oshirilgandan so'ng, B46 ning mahalliy va Select Bus Service yo'nalishi ishonchliligini oshirish uchun shimoliy terminallarni o'zgartirdi. Dastlab 2015 yilning kuzida amalga oshirilishi rejalashtirilgan bo'lib, u 2016 yil 3-iyulda tashkil etilgan.^[59] O'ninchi koridor va Queens uchun birinchi bo'lib bu 44-savol Sharqiy 177-ko'chada harakatlanadigan cheklangan avtobus yo'nalishi ( Bronx tezyurar yo'li xizmat ko'rsatish yo'li) va Asosiy ko'cha 2015 yil 29 noyabrda boshlangan. Bronksdagi tanlangan to'xtash joylari tezroq xizmat ko'rsatish uchun ancha gavjum to'xtash joylariga birlashtirildi va Queensdagi ba'zi to'xtash joylari o'rniga Q20A / B mahalliy yo'nalishlar. Ikkala Q20 filiali ham Bronksga kirmaganligi sababli va Q44 faqat mahalliy kechalarda ishlaganligi sababli, Q44 24/7-sonli SBS xizmatiga ega bo'ldi. Bronx hayvonot bog'i va Yamayka. Q20A Queensdagi Q44 mahalliy o'rnini tunda o'zgartirdi.^[60]

2016 yil 25 sentyabrda o'n birinchi yo'lak (umumiy o'n ikkinchi marshrut) va ikkinchisi Queens uchun 70-savol, "LaGuardia Link" nomi bilan o'zgartirildi va SBS yo'nalishiga aylandi. Boshqa SBS yo'nalishlaridan farqli o'laroq, Q70 aeroportdan foydalanganda jamoat transportidan foydalanishni rag'batlantirish maqsadida bulutlar va samolyotlar bilan ochiq ko'k sxemaga o'ralgan. Bu MTA Busning birinchi SBS yo'nalishini, shuningdek, Queens uchun ikkinchi va umuman o'n birinchi marshrutni belgilab qo'ydi.^[61][62] The M23, Manhettenda o'n ikkinchi yo'lak (o'n uchinchi yo'nalish) va beshinchisi, 2016 yil 6-noyabr kuni tanlangan avtobus xizmati yo'nalishi bo'ldi. avtobus chiziqlari va ba'zi bir to'xtash joylarida orqaga hisoblash soatlari, M23 mahalliy xizmatining o'rnini 1,7 million dollar turadi.^[62] The M79 2017 yil 21 mayda SBS yo'nalishiga aylandi,^[63] uning yo'nalishi bo'yicha avtobus yo'lakchalari o'rnatilishi bilan.^[64] Bx6 avtobuslar qatnovi tugagandan so'ng va piyodalar piyodalari yo'llari kengaytirilganidan so'ng, 2017 yil 3 sentyabrda SBS yo'nalishiga aylandi. Bu yuqori xizmat ko'rsatadigan bekatlarda to'xtab, mahalliy xizmatni to'ldiradi. Bu Bronks uchun uchinchi yo'nalish.^[65] Avtobus xizmatini tanlang Woodhaven va Cross Bay bulvarlari da amalga oshirildi 52-savol va 53-savol marshrutlar 2017 yil 12-noyabr kuni.^[66][67]

Kings avtomagistrali bo'ylab avtobus xizmati tanlang, 2018 yil 1 oktyabrda sobiq Cheklangan to'xtash yo'nalishini almashtirgan B82da amalga oshirildi.^[68] Keyinchalik shahar B82 SBS dasturini amalga oshirgandan so'ng, byudjetni qisqartirish va yaqinda shahar avtobuslari tarmog'ini qayta qurish natijasida tashqi avtoulovlarda Select Bus Service dasturini 2021 yilgacha to'xtatilishini ma'lum qildi.^[69]

Vaqtinchalik M14 Avtobus xizmatini tanlang yo'nalishi 2019 yil boshida, bunga tayyorgarlik ko'rish uchun amalga oshirish uchun taklif qilingan 14-ko'cha tunnelining yopilishi. Ushbu marshrut M14A va M14D-larda mahalliy xizmat bilan o'ninchi avenyu va Stuyvesant-Kov feriboti o'rtasida harakat qilgan bo'lar edi. 2019 yil aprel oyida to'xtatish uchun beshta qo'shimcha vaqtinchalik yo'nalish amalga oshirilgan bo'lar edi.^[70] Biroq, 2019 yil 3-yanvarda o'chirish rejasi Gubernator tomonidan o'zgartirildi Endryu Kuomo va taklif qilingan SBS yo'nalishlari to'xtatildi.^{[71][72][73][74]} 2019 yil fevral oyida MTA M14A va M14D-da SBSni amalga oshirish rejalarini e'lon qildi,^[75] va shu kundan boshlab 2019 yil 1 iyulda amalga oshirildi.^[76][77]

Barcha joriy SBS yo'laklari avtobus chizig'i chekka bo'lgan ish kunlari ushbu qatnov qismlarida avtobuslarni cheklaydigan kameralar tomonidan o'rnatiladi va qizil chiziqlar bilan belgilangan. Avtobus chizig'i ofset (ya'ni, chekkadan bir qator uzoqlikda) bo'lgan joyda avtobusdan tashqari transport har doim favqulodda vaziyatlardan tashqari cheklanadi.^[54]

Ushbu xizmatda foydalaniladigan avtobuslar chiptalarni sotish mashinalari bilan jihozlangan "bekatlar" bilan identifikatsiyalanadi, shuningdek ularni "+ selectbusservice" o'rashlari mavjud. Mahalliy avtobus mijozlarining aralashib ketishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun to'xtash joylari (va ba'zi hollarda mahalliy avtobus bekatlari) o'zgartirildi yoki yo'q qilindi. SBS bilan birgalikda taqdim etiladi NYC DOT va NYS DOT.^[78][79]

Tez xizmat

Ekspres avtobus xizmati, odatda, soatiga eng ko'p ishlaydigan yo'lovchilarga yo'naltirilgan tashqi tumanlar va temir yo'l yoki metro xizmatlari etishmayotgan qo'shni shahar atroflari Midtown Manxetten yoki Quyi Manxetten. Ba'zi marshrutlar, shuningdek, har kuni erta tongdan kechgacha kechgacha muhim xizmat ko'rsatishadi. Kundalik xizmat ko'rsatadigan marshrutlarga quyidagilar kiradi BxM1 / 2, BxM3, BxM4, BxM6, BxM7, BxM8, BxM9, BxM10, BxM11, QM2, QM4, QM5 / 6, SIM3c, SIM4c, SIM33c, X27 va X28; SIM1c kuniga 24 soat ishlaydi. 45 metr MCh va Oldindan tezyurar xizmat ko'rsatish uchun yo'l ustidagi murabbiylardan foydalaniladi.^[80]

Xizmat dastlab 1965 yil 3-noyabrda Staten-Aylendning janubiy qirg'og'idan Hylan Blvd va Ota Capodanno Blvd-dan Bruklin shahar markaziga sayohat qilgan R8X (keyinchalik X8, hozirda SIM5) yo'nalishida boshlangan. 1980-yillarda R8X raqamlari o'zgartirildi va Bruklindan Quyi Manxettendagi hozirgi terminalga yo'naltirildi.^[81][6]

Access-A-Ride

An MV-1 Access-A-Ride kabinasi

100% avtobus parkiga qo'shimcha ravishda, Nyu-York Siti Tranzit paratransit xizmatini ham taqdim etadi 1990 yilgi nogiron amerikaliklar to'g'risidagi qonun (ADA) ostida Access-A-Ride oddiy avtobus yoki metro xizmatidan foydalana olmaydigan mijozlar uchun tovar belgisi. Bu har doim Nyu-York shahrining beshta tumaniga xizmat qiladi.^[82] Access-A-Ride paratransit xizmatlari MTAga tegishli transport vositalaridan foydalangan holda turli xil mustaqil pudratchilar tomonidan taqdim etiladi.^[83] Garchi barcha avtobuslar nogironlar aravachasida harakatlansa ham, ushbu transport vositalari an transport imkoniyati MTA chavandozlari uchun. Dastur 1991 yilda o'tganidan keyin yaratilgan 1990 yilgi nogironligi bo'lgan amerikaliklar to'g'risidagi qonun.^[84]

Avtobus bekatlari

Xizmat ko'rsatish zonasida, avtobus bekatlari odatda har ikki-uch shahar bloklari bir-biridan alohida joylashgan; aniq yo'riqnomalar to'xtash joylarini har 230 metr (230 metr) ga qo'yish kerakligini belgilaydi.^[85][86] "Stop-Stop", "Select Bus Service" va "Express" deb belgilangan avtobuslarda kamroq to'xtash joylari mavjud. Bekatlar avtoulov chekkasida, odatda ko'cha belgilarida va boshpanalarda aniqlangan ko'cha chorrahalarida joylashgan. Avtobuslar beton yostiqlarda yoki belgilangan joyda to'xtaydi avtobus chiziqlari (bo'yalgan bo'lsa, maroon-red). Ba'zi avtobus bekatlari, xususan Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang yo'nalishlar quyidagicha ishlab chiqilgan avtobus lampalari.^{[85][87][88][89]}

Barcha avtobus bekatlari har doim amal qiladi, agar tabelda boshqacha ko'rsatilmagan bo'lsa.

Belgilar

Bruklindagi B44 Select Bus Service avtobus bekati.

Nyu-York shahridagi avtobus bekatlari ikki turdagi belgilar bilan aniqlanadi:

• Qadimgi uslubdagi, boshqalarga o'xshash oddiy to'rtburchaklar metall belgi ko'cha belgilari shaharda.^{[46][85][90][91]}
• Yo'nalishni va yo'nalishni ko'rsatadigan yangi, rang bilan belgilangan belgi.^{[85][46][90][91]}

Bundan tashqari, chegara bo'ylab harakatlanadigan Queens avtobuslari Nassau okrugi (36-savol, 46-savol, QM6 ) yoki Nassau okrugi ichida (111-savol, 113-savol, 114-savol ) ba'zida Long Island Island avtoulovi uslubidagi MTA yozuvlari bilan o'rtoqlashadi Nassau tumanlararo ekspres avtobus xizmati, garchi Nassau okrugidagi Q111, Q113 va Q114 marshrutlarida ko'plab to'xtash joylari imzosiz yoki "Avtobus bekatini to'xtatish taqiqlangan" deb imzolangan. Ushbu belgilar ham metalldan yasalgan.

Nyu-York shahridagi barcha avtobus markalarida foydalanilgan yangi belgilar 2000 yillarning o'rtalarida paydo bo'lgan edi, eski uslubdagi avtobus to'xtash belgilari hali ham MTA Bus markali ko'plab marshrutlarda mavjud bo'lib, ular faqatgina marshrutni ko'rsatadilar va boradigan joyni ko'rsatmaydilar. Shahar chegaralaridagi barcha avtobus bekatlari Nyu-York shahar transport departamenti tomonidan saqlanadi.^[92][93][94] Yangi belgilar qayta ishlashga yaroqli ABS plastik o'n yilgacha davom etadi va ularni saqlab qolish osonroq, keyin o'rtacha uch yil davom etadigan eski metall belgilar. Yashil plastmassa ustun 12 metrdan (3,7 m) 20 futgacha (6,1 m) balandlikda, balandligi 6 dan 9 futgacha bo'lgan (1,8 dan 2,7 m gacha) metall belgilarga nisbatan. Eski va yangi uslubdagi to'xtash joylari a A-Ride qo'llanmasi marshrut xaritalari, jadvallari va boshqa ma'lumotlarni taqdim etadigan qutb markaziga bog'langan quti.^{[90][95][85][94]} Guide-A-Ride qutilari 1980-yillarga qadar barcha NYCT marshrutlariga o'rnatildi.^[96] MTA Bus Company yo'nalishlarini amalga oshirish 2000-yillarda ekspress avtobuslarda, 2012-2014 yillarda esa mahalliy avtobus yo'nalishlarida amalga oshirildi.^[97][98][99]

Eski belgilar

A 19-savol avtobus eski uslubdagi avtobus bekatida, faqat xizmat ko'rsatiladigan marshrutlarni ko'rsatib, Flushing shaharchasi, Queens.

Shaharda avtobus piktografi tushirilgan birinchi metall belgilar 1960-yillarda Tranzit idorasi tomonidan o'rnatildi.^[100] Asosan MTA Bus avtobuslari boshqariladigan marshrutlarda va vaqtincha qurilishni tartibga soluvchi avtobus bekatlarida qo'llaniladigan, hozirgi dizayndagi metall belgilar birinchi marta 1976 yilda, uchuvchi dastur doirasida ishlatilgan. Beshinchi va Oltinchi xiyobonlar yilda Midtown Manxetten tomonidan moliyalashtiriladi Shahar ommaviy tranzit ma'muriyati,^[91] va 1980-yillarda to'liq amalga oshirildi.^[101]

Kvinsning Vudsayd shahrida joylashgan Q66 avtobusi jadval jadvali ko'rsatilgan yangilangan eski uslubdagi avtobus bekatida

Hozirgi takrorlanishida belgining yuqori qismi qizil rangda bo'lib, turgan joyni belgilaydigan o'q bilan "QO'YISh YO'Q" degan yozuvni o'qiydi. Ko'k fonda oq doira, avtobus va nogironlar aravachasining ko'k piktogrammasi tasvirlangan Xalqaro kirish belgisi.^[91] Marshrutlar rangli kodlangan yorliqlar bilan belgilanadi (pastga qarang), lekin yo'nalishlarsiz.^[46][91][90] Ekspres-avtobus xizmatining ba'zi belgilari ohak-yashil rangga bo'yalgan va yuqori qismida "EXPRESS" yozuvi mavjud.^[102] MTA avtobus vaqti chiqayotganligi sababli, eski uslubdagi aksariyat to'xtash joylari avtobus yo'nalishi xaritasi, kutilgan vaqt kelishi va veb-saytda yoki ilovada ishlatilishi kerak bo'lgan kodni ko'rsatadigan jadval jadvalini olishdi.

Yangi belgilar

Bruklindagi Flatbush prospektida va Utika prospektida yangi xizmat ko'rsatadigan yo'nalishlarni ham, boradigan joyni ham ko'rsatadigan yangi avtobus bekati

Nyu-York shahridagi avtobuslar boshqaradigan barcha marshrutlarda, shuningdek, MTA avtobus yo'nalishlari va boshqa kompaniyalar bilan birgalikda foydalaniladigan avtobus bekatlarida ishlatiladigan zamonaviy rangli kodlangan lolipop shaklidagi avtobus to'xtash belgilari 1996 yil noyabr oyida o'rnatildi. Yamayka, Kvins.^[90] Ular W.S. Sign Design Corporation.^[95] Belgilar 1994 yilda MTA va DOTga 1,5 million dollar miqdorida berilgan ikkita federal grantdan so'ng yaratildi,^[94] avtobus haydovchilarining avvalgi metall belgilar avtobus marshrutlari va harakat jadvallari to'g'risida asosiy ma'lumotlarga ega emasligi va ba'zi belgilar ko'pincha umuman yo'qolib qolganligi haqidagi shikoyatlariga javoban. Ular ishlatilgan belgilarga asoslangan edi London va Parij kamida 1950-yillardan beri mavjud bo'lgan.^[90][103] Dastlabki dasturda 3000 ta belgi o'rnatilishi kerak edi, ulardan 2600 tasi Manxettenga, qolganlari esa boshqa tumanlarga o'rnatilishi kerak edi. Dastlab prototip belgilar tanlangan joylarga o'rnatildi, so'ngra 400 ta belgi 1996 yil dekabrida, 1997 yil aprelida tugatilishidan oldin o'rnatila boshlandi, qolgan belgilar 1997 yil oxiriga qadar o'rnatildi. Manxettendagi belgilar 1 million dollar evaziga o'rnatildi. USDOT granti, tiqilinchni kamaytirish uchun havo sifatini ta'minlash uchun ajratilgan 500000 dollar tashqi tumanlarda belgilar uchun ishlatilgan. Belgilar avtobuslar turar joylari va ularning chidamliligi to'g'ri sinovdan o'tkazilishi mumkin bo'lmagan joylarga ega bo'lmagan baland yo'lovchilar uchun mo'ljallangan avtobus bekatlariga joylashtirildi. Agar sinov muvaffaqiyatli o'tgan bo'lsa, shahar bo'ylab to'liq o'rnatish olti yil davom etishi kutilgan edi.^[104]

Belgilar Nyu-York shtatiga ziddir Transport vositalari va yo'l harakati to'g'risidagi qonun, 1680-bo'lim. Qonunda barcha "yo'l harakati nazorati moslamalari" AQShga mos kelishini talab qiladi. Yagona transport vositalarini boshqarish uchun qo'llanma (MUTCD) NYS tomonidan o'zgartirilgan Qo'shimchalar, va to'xtash joylari aylana shaklida emas, balki to'rtburchaklar shaklida bo'lishi kerakligi haqida mandatlar.

Yangi to'xtash belgisi yuqori qismida katta doirani va pastki qismida to'rtburchaklar rangli kodlangan avtobus marshruti ma'lumotlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Avtobus bekatining aylanasida ko'k fonda oq rangda avtobus va ADA nogironlar aravachasining piktografi ham mavjud. Xizmat turiga ko'ra rang bilan belgilangan to'rtburchaklar avtobus marshrut belgilari quyida joylashgan ustundan osilgan. Ularning har birida marshrut raqami va oxirgi manzil bor, odatda u tugaydigan mahalla, garchi ba'zi marshrutlar uchun ko'cha yoki belgi ko'rsatilgan. Masalan, Westbound Bx12 mahalliy belgilari "Sedgvik xiyoboni "mahalla o'rniga Universitet balandligi. Ushbu maydonning pastki qismida oq to'rtburchak joylashgan bo'lib, qora matn bilan bekat nomini e'lon qiladi, odatda chorrahadagi ko'chalar nomlari. Kunning har qanday vaqtida ishlaydigan avtobus bekatlarida yuqori doiraning pastki qismidagi o'q va qizil matn mashinalar uchun mavjud bo'lmagan zonani bildiradi. Faqatgina yarim kunlik rejimda ishlaydigan to'xtash joylarida marshrutning eng yuqori raqamli katakchasida "QO'YISh YO'Q" yozuvi yoziladi, eng yuqori manzil maydonida kunlar va / yoki kunlar amal qiladi.^[46][90][94] Quyida harakatlanadigan ba'zi avtobus yo'nalishlari baland metro liniyalari (masalan Bx9 ostida Broadway baland Bronxda) El ustunlariga yopishtirilgan zamonaviy avtobus belgisi tasvirlangan bosma tasvir bilan temir yo'l to'xtash belgilaridan foydalaning.

Elektron hisoblash soatlari

Staten Island yaqinidagi tezyurar marshrutlarni hisoblash uchun soat hokimiyat (chapda) va uchun Q69 va Q100 avtobuslari yilda Astoriya, Kvins (o'ngda). Chapdagi belgida "To'xtaydi", o'ngdagi belgida "Uzoq daqiqalar" ko'rsatiladi.

Tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan ba'zi avtobus bekatlari Ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatish va STV Incorporated,^[105][106] elektron hisoblash soatlari xususiyati. Yo'nalish va yo'nalishdan tashqari, LED avtoulovi MTA-dan keyingi avtobus qancha minut yoki bir necha daqiqada to'xtashini ko'rsatadi "Avtobus vaqti "tizim. Bunday turdagi dastlabki ikkita belgi, yilda Staplton va Yangi Dorp Staten orolida 2013 yilda o'rnatilgan. Stapleton bekati quyosh energiyasidan quvvat oladi. Uchinchi bekat yaqinida o'rnatildi hokimiyat 2015 yilda Manxettenda. NYCDOTning shahar bo'ylab 350 atrofida o'rnatish rejasi doirasida Staten Island va Bruklindagi qo'shimcha 18 ta to'xtash joylari 2014 yil oxirida, 2015 yilda 10 ta Queens uchun va 2016 yilda 100 ta Staten orolida o'rnatilishi uchun tasdiqlangan.^{[107][108][109][105][110][111][112]} 2018 yilda, uning bir qismi sifatida Avtobus harakat rejasi, MTA qo'shimcha belgilar elektron hisoblash soatlarini olishini e'lon qildi.^[68]

Bir nechta to'xtash joylari Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang marshrutlar, masalan, B44, B46, M34 / M34A, M60, M79, M86 va Q44 avtobus bekatlari belgilaridan ajralib turadigan har xil hisoblash soatlarini ishlatadi. Ushbu soatlar yo'lni qidirishning bir qismidir axborot kioskalari 2013 yilda boshlangan shaharning WalkNYC loyihasi bilan birgalikda o'rnatildi.^{[113][114][115]} 2016 yil holatiga ko'ra, jami 32 ta avtobus bekatida ikkita hisoblash soatidan biri o'rnatilgan.^[110] Amaldagi hisoblash soatlari 2007 yilda M15, 2009 va 2012 yillarda M34 va M16 avtobuslarida uchish dasturining davomchilari hisoblanadi.^{[116][117][118]}

Belgilash ranglari

Avtobus bekatlarida marshrutlar uchun belgilar har bir bekatda mavjud bo'lgan xizmat turlariga qarab turli xil ranglarda berilishi mumkin.^[46][90]

Boshpanalar

An old-style, black-frame bus shelter in the Bronx.

The current bus shelters found at many bus stops were designed by Spain-based advertising company Cemusa, as part of a citywide "ko'cha mebellari " project that also included newsstands, bike shelters, and public toilets.^[119] Cemusa was awarded a 20-year contract for 3,300 bus shelters in May 2006, after the project had been receiving design bids going back to the 1990s. As opposed to the city paying Cemusa to install the shelters, the company paid for exclusive rights to advertise on the shelters; in return, the company would share a portion of the ad revenue generated.^{[120][121][122][123]} They replaced the simple old-style shelters, consisting of black-painted metal with glass.^[124][125] The first 24 shelters were installed by December 2006 in Queens.^[126]

A newer, steel-and-glass-frame Cemusa shelter on the B44 SBS route in Brooklyn.

Designed by British architect Nicholas Grimshaw va uning firmasi Grimshaw Architects, the shelters are constructed of stainless steel, with glass on three sides including the roof and rear. The fourth side consists of an advertising panel. On the non-advertising panel is an insert listing the streets of the intersection where the stop is located on the outer side, and route maps and information also featured on the A-Ride qo'llanmasi on its inner face.^{[119][124][127]} The shelters come in five sizes (Regular: 5 by 14 feet (1.5 m × 4.3 m); Narrow: 3.5 by 14 feet (1.1 m × 4.3 m); Short: 5 by 10 feet (1.5 m × 3.0 m); Little: 3.5 by 10 feet (1.1 m × 3.0 m); and Double: 5 by 26 feet (1.5 m × 7.9 m)).^[119][124] All the modern shelters feature benches (many of the old ones did not), and were praised for environmentally friendly construction during their introduction.^{[126][128][129]} Several of these shelters, primarily in Manhattan, have since been equipped with LED displays, LCD video advertisement panels, and ad panels with NFC communication technology.^{[130][131][132]} Following the acquisition of Cemusa by French advertising firm JCDecaux in 2015, bus shelters are now maintained by JCDecaux.^[124]

Late-night Request-A-Stop

Between 10:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m., "Request-a-Stop" service is available as dictated by NYCDOT traffic regulations. If requested by a passenger, the bus operator may discharge passengers at a location along the route that is not a bus stop, as long as it is considered safe. If the location is not "safe" (i.e. it will interfere with traffic flow), the bus operator will discharge passengers at the nearest safe location.^[85][133] Request-A-Stop is not available on Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang, Express routes, Limited-Stop routes, or overnight bus shuttles.^[85] Request-A-Stop was inaugurated on December 5, 1993 in Staten Island, and expanded to other boroughs in 1994.^[134]

Filo

A 25-savol CNG bus outside Jamaica Center – Parsons/Archer

A USB charging port in a bus introduced in 2016.

The fleet consists of over 5,700 buses of various types and models for fixed-route service, making MTA RBO's fleet the largest public bus fleet in the United States.^[80] The MTA also has over 2,000 vans and cabs for ADA paratransit service, providing service in New York City, southwestern Nassau County, and the city of Yonkers. All vehicles (except for paratransit cabs) are fully accessible to persons with disabilities.^[135][136] Fixed-route buses are dispatched from 28 garages (20 New York City Bus and 8 MTA Bus) and one annex in New York City.

Several fleet improvements have been introduced over the system's history. The first large order of air conditioned buses began service in 1966.^[81] "Kneeling buses " were introduced in 1976, and wheelchair lifts began appearing in 1980.^[6][81][137] 1980-yillarda, stop-request cords ("bell cords") were replaced by yellow tape strips. However, buses ordered after 2008 feature cords rather than tape strips due to the latter's higher maintenance cost.^[138] Yog'li avtobuslar were introduced in 1996, and have since become prominent in the Bronx and Manhattan.^[139][6] Past qavatli avtobuslar, designed to speed boarding and alighting and improve riding conditions for elderly and disabled passengers, were first tested in 1997^[140][141] and have made up most of the new non-express buses ordered since the early 2000s. Most post-2000 orders also feature stop-request buttons located on grab bars.^[85] Beginning in 2016, new orders along with buses built after 2011 will be built/retrofitted with Wi-fi connectivity and USB charging ports.

Starting in 2016, efforts to bring an audio/visual system to the current and future fleet went underway to improve customer service and ADA accessibility thru use of next stop announcements & PSA. Though the former Long Island Bus Division (now NICE avtobus ) had already deployed such a system throughout its fleet since the early-2000s, the MTA had only trialed similar systems alongside GPS tracking between 2007 to 2012 on select routes in the New York City Bus system. Current plans include the installation of digital information screens installed throughout the interior of the bus which will provide real-time information such as time, weather, advertisements, & service advisories. ^[142] The screens are supplied by contract from 3 different vendors and are installed on new bus deliveries starting in 2017 while buses built after 2008 are currently receiving retrofits.

A new livery was also introduced, replacing the blue stripe livery on a white base that had been in use in one variation or another since the late 1970s. The first of these buses entered service in mid-May 2016 on the 10-savol marshrut.^[143]

Buses operating on clean or alternative fuels also make up a significant portion of the fleet, particularly since the establishment of the MTA's "Clean Fuel Bus" program in June 2000.^[81] Buses running siqilgan tabiiy gaz (CNG) were first tested in the early 1990s,^[144][145] and mass-ordered beginning in 1999.^[81][144] Hybrid-electric buses, operating with a combination of diesel and elektr energiyasi, were introduced in September 1998,^{[81][146][147]} and mass-ordered beginning in 2004.^[6][146] Within the current fleet are over 1,600 diesel-electric buses and over 700 buses powered by compressed natural gas, which make up over half of the total fleet.^{[80][148][149]} This is the largest fleet of either kind in the United States.^[149][150]

Narxlar

Dollar bills and half-dollar coins are not accepted on fixed-route buses or Select Bus Service payment stations, nor are they accepted on buses of the Bee-Line avtobus tizimi (Bee-Line) in Vestchester okrugi yoki Nassau tumanlararo ekspres (NICE) in Nassau okrugi. All fares are in AQSh dollari, and the following fare policy applies to all New York City Transit, MTA Bus, NICE, and Bee-Line (except for the BxM4C) buses. Up to three children who are 5 years old or younger get to ride free provided that they are accompanied by a fare-paying rider.

Narxlarni yig'ish

1993 yil noyabrda,^[153] a fare system called the MetroCard was introduced, which allows riders to use cards that store the value equal to the amount paid to a subway station booth clerk or vending machine.^[154] The MetroCard was enhanced in 1997 to allow passengers to make free transfers between subways and buses within two hours; several MetroCard-only transfers between subway stations were added in 2001.^[155][156] With the addition of unlimited-ride MetroCards in 1998, the New York City Transit system was the last major transit system in the United States with the exception of BART yilda San-Fransisko to introduce passes for unlimited bus and rapid transit travel.^[157]Unlimited-ride MetroCards are available for 7-day and 30-day periods.^[158] One-day "Fun Pass" and 14-day cards were also introduced, but have since been discontinued.^[159]

In April 2016, MTA solicited proposals for a contactless "New Fare Payment System" to replace the MetroCard by 2022.^[160] 2017 yil 23-oktabrda MetroCard o'chirilishi va uning o'rniga almashtirilishi ma'lum qilindi OMNY, a kontaktsiz narxlarni to'lash tizim, shuningdek, Kubik tomonidan amalga oshiriladi va yo'l haqi to'lanadi Apple Pay, Google Pay, debet / kredit kartalari yaqin atrofdagi aloqa technology, or radio-frequency identification kartalar.^[161][162] The announcement calls for the expansion of this system to a general-use electronic fare payment system at 500 subway turnstiles and 600 buses by late 2018, with all buses and subway stations using electronic fare collection by 2020. However, support of the MetroCard is slated to remain until 2023.^[162]

Xizmat ko'rsatish sifati

Chastotani

Two back-to-back buses on the M15 Select Bus Service route

2017 yil noyabr oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], three-quarters of bus routes provide high-frequency service in at least one direction during rush hours, with buses arriving at least every ten minutes. Of these routes, 54% provide high-frequency service in both directions, while 21% provide service only in the peak direction (toward transit hubs during the morning, and away from these hubs during the evening). One quarter of routes run with yo'llar of more than 10 minutes during rush hours.^[163]:22

Of the five boroughs, the Bronx has the greatest proportion of bus routes with high frequencies in both directions, with 65% of routes running such frequencies as of November 2017^[yangilash]. Manhattan has the highest ratio of routes with high frequencies in at least one direction, at 85%. On the other hand, more than 60% of routes on Staten Island, the city's least populous borough, ran with low rush-hour frequencies, marking the highest such ratio in the city. In roughly 28% of the city's neighborhoods, less than half of routes operate at high frequencies in both directions.^[163]:22 Neighborhoods outside of each borough's central business districts, as well as off-peak service, are more likely to be subject to low-frequency bus service, despite significant off-peak demand in areas like Forest Hills, Queens va Bruklin, Sunset Park.^[163]:23 MTA Bus and New York City Bus also have the U.S.'s highest rates of deadhead runs, or "not-in-service" runs without passengers, with a respective 19% and 14% of trips being deadheads.^[163]:24

Buses running off-schedule are also common in the MTA Regional Bus system, with almost one in four buses running either too early or too late to maintain a constant spacing between buses. This is prevalent even on Select Bus Service bus rapid transit routes, where 20% of bus trips do not adhere to their schedules.^[163]:26 Some routes suffer from bus bunching. Routes affected by bus bunching may not have any buses in a certain direction for prolonged periods of time, and then several buses will show up within a short time period. In 2017, nearly twelve percent of routes were considered to be bunched on a regular basis, compared to 9.4% in 2015.^[164] This phenomenon most affects bus routes within Bruklin jamoatchilik kengashi 5 in East Brooklyn, where 15% of buses are subject to bunching.^[165]

Tezlik

A bus on the M79 route, once ranked one of the slowest in the system

2017 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], MTA buses on local buses run at average speeds of 7 to 8 miles per hour (11 to 13 km/h),^[166][164] the slowest of any major bus system nationwide.^[163]:27 MTA Select Bus Service routes had marginally faster speeds, averaging 8.7 miles per hour (14.0 km/h).^[163]:40 The average speed varies between boroughs, with Manhattan having the lowest average local-bus speed (6 miles per hour [9.7 km/h]) and Staten Island having the highest (11 miles per hour [18 km/h]).^[163]:27 In 2017, sixteen of the seventeen bus routes with average speeds of less than 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) were located in Manhattan. Conversely, eight of the eleven routes with average speeds of more than 15 miles per hour (24 km/h) were located on Staten Island.^[163]:28 On average, buses generally spend a little more than half of the trip (54%) in motion, while 22% of the trip is spent at bus stops and 21% is spent idling at red lights.^[163]:29

The Strafjeynlar kampaniyasi, another riders' advocacy group, gives out "Pokey Awards" to the slowest bus routes of each year.^[167] The slowest bus routes are typically crosstown bus routes in Manhattan, with 14 of the slowest bus routes in 2017 being crosstown bus routes.^[163]:28 In 2017, the slowest bus route was the M42 crosstown bus on 42nd Street, which had an average speed of 3.9 miles per hour (6.3 km/h), approximately a walking pace. Buning ortidan M31 /M57, M50 va M66 crosstown buses on 57th, 49th/50th, and 65th/66th Streets respectively, all of which averaged less than 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h).^[168] Other "winners" of the Pokey Award include the M79 on 79th Street^[167] va M23 on 23rd Street,^[169] both of which have now been converted to Select Bus Service routes. However, Select Bus Service routes only serve 12% of all bus riders as of 2016^[yangilash], and the average bus route is 10% percent slower than it was in the mid-1990s.^[170]

A 2015 study found that 35 MTA routes with significant ridership figures had average speeds of less than 15 miles per hour (24 km/h), and that the M66 crosstown bus had an average speed of 3.1 miles per hour (5.0 km/h). Slow bus rides were not limited to Manhattan routes; The Bx2 bus in the Bronx and the B35 bus in Brooklyn both ran at speeds of less than 6 miles per hour (9.7 km/h).^[171] In 2018, the riders' advocacy group Bus Turnaround Campaign rated each bus route based on speed and reliability, and gave 75% of city bus routes a "D" or "F" grade.^[164] As a result, in early January 2019, mayor Bill de Blasio promised to raise bus speeds by 25% by the next year.^[172][173]

As a result of these slow average speeds, MTA Regional Bus Operations has the highest per-mile operating cost of all city bus systems in the U.S., with a per-mile cost of $30.40. If the operating costs were closer to the U.S. average, MTA buses would have the highest farebox recovery ratio among U.S. cities' bus systems.^[174]

Length and winding routes

Many local New York City Bus and MTA Bus routes take long and winding routes that, in the most extreme cases, take more than two hours to traverse from end to end.^[163]:36 Some of the longest routes are in Staten Island, where the average bus line is 10.6 miles (17.1 km) long. The longest local bus route in the city, the S78, is 20.8 miles (33.5 km) long and spans the entire length of Staten Island. Brooklyn also has several long bus routes, and the borough hosts three of the city's ten longest routes.^[163]:37

Some local routes divert into neighborhoods and detour down driveways rather than taking a more direct path. These routes then merge onto heavily-congested main corridors.^[163]:39 A 2017 report indicated that nearly half of bus routes had at least 10 turns along their routes. The most winding route was the Bx8 bus in the Bronx, with 29 turns.^[163]:38

Starting in 2015, the MTA investigated express bus routes on Staten Island, which were circuitous, duplicative, and infrequent.^{[175]:14–16} The MTA proposed replacing all of the existing express bus routes with simpler and shorter variants, a proposal supported by 76% of Staten Island residents who had learned about the study.^{[175]:20, 21, 23} After hosting several meetings with Staten Island residents, the MTA announced that express bus service to Staten Island was expected to be completely reorganized in August 2018. As part of the redesign, all of the existing bus routes were discontinued and replaced with 21 new routes with a "SIM" prefix.^[43][44] This was followed by the redesign of Bronx local and express routes, which is set to take effect in mid-2020.^[176][177] The redesigns of the Brooklyn and Queens bus networks, initially scheduled for early 2021, were delayed due to the Nyu-York shahridagi COVID-19 pandemiyasi.^[178][179]

Chavandozlik

2017 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], MTA bus routes tend to be more heavily used on weekends than on weekdays. Weekday bus ridership in 2017 averaged 1.9 million, while weekend ridership averaged 2.1 million. Express buses had an average weekday ridership of 40,200, while paratransit was used by a mean of 27,900 people each weekday.^[180]:94

Bus ridership has steadily declined through the 2000s and 2010s. From 2008 to 2017, bus ridership declined by more than 100 million.^[181] Average weekday bus ridership fell 5.7%, and average weekend bus ridership fell 4%, from 2016 to 2017.^[180]:96 The greatest ridership decreases were in Manhattan, where bus ridership declined more than 15% from 2011 to 2016. Ridership decreased less dramatically in Brooklyn and parts of Queens and Staten Island, while ridership increased slightly within the Bronx, southwest Brooklyn, central Queens, and most of Staten Island.^[163]:18 Bus lines that ran parallel to subway routes also saw ridership declines. As of 2017, there were thirteen bus routes with at least 20 stops within 0.1 miles (0.16 km) of a subway station; all saw ridership declines, with each route averaging a 20% loss.^[163]:42

Service improvements

Avtobus yo'llari

Bus lanes on the B44 route in Brooklyn

To speed up bus service, the city started installing bus lanes in Bruklin markazi va Sent-Jorj, Staten oroli, 1963 yilda.^[182] Another bus lane was soon installed along Tepalik avenyusi Queensda.^[183]:1 In 1969, part of 42-ko'cha yilda Midtown Manxetten also received a bus lane.^[184] Additional bus lanes were added in the 1970s and 1980s.^[183]:1 Bus lanes now exist on major corridors in all five boroughs, and are especially prevalent on high-volume and Select Bus Service corridors. There are also bus lanes along several highways that lead to Manhattan.^[185] The city's bus lane network is about 104 miles (167 km) long as of November 2017^[yangilash], representing nearly two percent of the city's 6,000 miles (9,700 km) of streets.^[186][163]:7

The bus lane rules are enforced by transport kameralari kuni gantries above the lanes; photos are taken of vehicles who violate the rules, and these motorists are then fined.^{[187][188][189]} Bus lanes have generally increased average bus speeds and reduced travel times where they are installed. However, double-parked vehicles and other obstructions often force buses within buses to merge out of these lanes.^[163]:40

Bus priority signals

2017 yil iyul oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], traffic signal preemption is used on five bus corridors in New York City.^[190]:4 Traffic signals with bus preemption allow traffic lights to display a green signal for a longer-than-normal period of time when a bus approaches the intersection. The first corridor to receive traffic signal priority was the G'alaba Bulvari corridor on Staten Island in 2006, which used infraqizil detection technology to allow traffic signals to communicate with transponders on buses.^[190]:3 Although the system itself was successful, the buses with transponders were reassigned to bus routes in Brooklyn and Queens, rendering the devices useless. Moreover, MTA administrators did not see any cost savings from the program, and employees generally lacked the motivation to maintain the system.^[163]:30 In 2008, the Victory Boulevard installation was followed by the Fordham Road and Pelham Parkway corridor (Bx12 bus) in the Bronx, which used GPS transponders aboard buses. Due to both systems' high cost, they were eventually removed from both corridors.^[190]:3

In 2011, Mayor Maykl Bloomberg proposed that traffic signal priority be installed along 11 bus routes within the following two years.^[191] The MTA started testing signal priority along the M15 in Lower Manhattan in 2012.^[192] From 2014 to 2016, five Avtobus xizmati-ni tanlang routes received GPS-based traffic signal priority at 260 intersections. They were the M15 in Manhattan; The B44 birga Nostran xiyoboni Bruklindagi; The S79 birga Hylan bulvari on Staten Island; The Bx41 birga Vebster-avenyu in the Bronx; va B46 birga Utika xiyoboni Bruklindagi.^[190]:3 The New York City government subsequently studied four of these routes, and found that all of the routes saw increases in average bus speeds along the portions that had bus priority signals.^[190]:5–8 Speeds on these routes increased by an average of 18%.^{[163]:31 [193]}

Eleven more corridors were set to receive traffic signal priority by July 2017.^[190]:9 The number of equipped intersections rose to 500 by March 2018, and was set to increase further to 1,000 intersections by 2020. However, as of that date, traffic signal priority was still in the testing stages,^[194] and preemptive traffic signals in New York City were used in much lower proportions than in other major cities.^[163]:30 An expansion of traffic signal priority is planned as part of the Bus Action Plan.^[68] In January 2019, de Blasio said that the traffic signal priority program would be expanded to 1,200 intersections.^[172][173]

Bus Action Plan

An Aleksandr Dennis Enviro500 double-decker bus unveiled as part of the Bus Action Plan

In April 2018, in response to a citywide transit crisis and complaints about the general quality of MTA bus service, the MTA published a Bus Action Plan detailing 28 suggestions to improve the bus system. Within twelve months, targeted corridor improvements were to be implemented, some bus stops would be removed to speed up service, and off-peak bus service would be expanded on strategic routes. As part of the plan, there will be a system-wide redesign of the bus network by 2021 to improve connectivity and provide more direct service.^{[68][75][195]}

Expanding bus priority is also part of the plan. Traffic Signal Priority would be implemented on additional routes, and new bus lanes and queue jump lanes would be instituted. In addition, the MTA would study ways to implement exclusive bus lanes and busways on priority corridors. To ensure that bus lanes are not blocked, dedicated transit-priority traffic teams would be put into place with the NYPD in 2019. Tap readers would be installed by the end of 2020, and all-door boarding would be installed with the introduction of a new kontaktsiz to'lov system that is planned to replace the MetroCard. There would be regular fare enforcement on bus routes to reduce tariflardan qochish.^{[68][75][195]}

The plan also contained some improvements to bus riders' experience. All buses delivered after April 2018, as well as 1,000 existing buses, would also receive digital information screens with automated announcements. In addition, by the end of 2018, new bus maps would be designed to make it easier to comprehend the bus network and to provide location-specific maps for neighborhoods in each neighborhood. Although the MTA had already started installing bus stop signs with real-time information, the Action Plan called for more bus shelters to be equipped with these signs. Starting in 2019, the MTA's mobile app would provide real-time seat availability information on selected bus routes. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality, the agency announced its transition to a zero-emissions elektr avtobus park. The MTA would also test out a ikki qavatli avtobus on the redesigned Staten Island bus routes in 2018.^{[68][75][195]}

Safety features and customer amenities were installed on new and existing buses as part of the Bus Action Plan.^[196]:33 By January 2019, audible "pedestrian turn warning" announcement systems were installed on 617 buses, while cameras were installed on the inside of 3,469 buses and on the outside of 319 buses.^[196]:34 Relocated or smaller pillars were installed on most new buses to increase visibility for drivers.^[196]:35 Amenities such as USB charging ports, Wi-Fi, and digital information screens were installed on thousands of existing buses, as well as in all new buses.^[196]:41 Traffic signal priority systems and automatic passenger counters were both installed in over a thousand buses.^[196]:42 In addition, the MTA was planning to buy 248 compressed natural gas buses, 285 diesel-electric hybrid buses, and 60 electric buses in order to reduce energy emissions from the new bus fleet. Ten hybrid and ten electric buses had been tested in 2018.^{[196]:36–37}

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