PATH (temir yo'l tizimi) - PATH (rail system)

Yo'l
PATH.svg
PATH Kawasaki 5602c.jpg
PA5 avtomobillaridan iborat PATH poezdi Newark - Jahon savdo markazi chiziqni kesib o'tish Passay daryosi yo'lga Jahon savdo markazi
Umumiy nuqtai
EgasiNyu-York va Nyu-Jersi port ma'muriyati
MahalliyNyuark /Nyu-Jersi shtatining Xadson okrugi va Manxetten, Nyu York
Tranzit turiTez tranzit
Qatorlar soni4
Stantsiyalar soni13 (1 rejalashtirilgan)
Kundalik chavandozlik223,695 (2019; ish kunlari)[1]
Yillik chavandozlik81,733,402 (2018)[1]
Bosh ofisPATH Plaza
Magnoliya xiyoboni 130
Jersi Siti, NJ 07306
Ishlash
Operatsiya boshlandi1908 yil 25-fevral (H&M Railroad sifatida)
1962 yil 1 sentyabr (PATH nomi bilan)
Operator (lar)Port-Authority Trans-Hudson korporatsiyasi
Avtotransport vositalari soni350 PA5 avtomobili[2]
Texnik
Tizim uzunligi13,8 mil (22,2 km)
Yo'l o'lchagichi4 fut8 1⁄2 yilda (1,435 mm) standart o'lchov
Elektrlashtirish600 V (DC ) uchinchi temir yo'l

Port ma'muriyati Trans-Gudson (Yo'l) 13,8 mil (22,2 km) ga teng tezkor tranzit tizim Nyu-Jersining shimoli-sharqida shaharlari Nyuark, Xarrison, Jersi Siti va Xoboken va Pastroq va Midtown Manxetten yilda Nyu-York shahri. U to'liq egalik qiluvchi korxona sifatida ishlaydi Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi port ma'muriyati. PATH poyezdlari yil davomida tunu kun harakat qiladilar; 13 ta bekatga xizmat ko'rsatadigan to'rtta marshrut ish kunlari kunduzi ishlaydi, ikkita marshrut dam olish kunlari, kechasi va ta'til vaqtida ishlaydi. Uning izlari kesib o'tadi Hudson daryosi asrlik orqali quyma temir yupqa loy qatlami ostida daryo tubida yotadigan naychalar. U Manxetten va Jersi Siti / Xoboken daryosi bo'yida chuqur metro sifatida ishlaydi; Jersi-Siti shahridagi Grove-Stritdan Nyuarkgacha poezdlar qatnaydi ochiq kesmalar, sinf darajasida va boshqalar baland trek.

PATH tizimining marshrutlari dastlab tomonidan boshqarilgan Hudson va Manxetten temir yo'li (H&M), Nyu-Jersi bilan bog'lanish uchun qurilgan Hudson Waterfront Nyu-York shahri bilan. Tizim 1908 yilda ish boshlagan va 1911 yilda to'liq qurilgan. Uch stansiya yopilgan; yana ikki kishi g'arbiy terminali qayta tekislangandan keyin qayta joylashgan. 20-asrning 20-yillaridan boshlab, avtoulovlarda sayohatlarning ko'payishi va daryo bo'ylab ko'priklar va tunnellarning bir vaqtda qurilishi H&M-ni moliyaviy tanazzulga olib keldi va u hech qachon tiklanmadi va bu majbur bo'ldi bankrotlik 1954 yilda. qurilishiga yo'l ochib bergan bitim doirasida asl Jahon Savdo Markazi, Port ma'muriyati 1962 yilda H&Mni qabul qilishdan sotib oldi va uni PATH deb o'zgartirdi. 2000 va 2010 yillarda tizim mintaqani ta'sir qilgan tabiiy ofatlardan sezilarli darajada aziyat chekdi, xususan 11 sentyabr hujumlari va "Sendi" dovuli. Ham xususiy, ham davlat manfaatdor tomonlar Nyu-Jersida PATH xizmatini kengaytirishni va unga qadar qurishni taklif qildilar Newark Liberty xalqaro aeroporti 2020 yilda boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan.

PATH uzoq vaqtdan beri tezkor tranzit tizimi sifatida ishlagan bo'lsa-da, bu qonuniy ravishda a shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l yurisdiksiyasida Federal temir yo'l boshqarmasi (FRA); uning Nyu-York va Jersi Siti o'rtasidagi izi yaqin joyda joylashgan Shimoli-sharqiy koridor kuzatuv va baham ko'radi Nyuark dok ko'prigi shaharlararo va qatnovchi poezdlar bilan. Shuning uchun barcha PATH poezd operatorlari litsenziyaga ega temir yo'l muhandislari bo'lishi kerak va qo'shimcha tekshiruvlar talab qilinadi. Hozirda PATH 2009-2011 yillarda etkazib beriladigan PA5 harakatlanuvchi tarkibidan foydalanadi.

Tarix

Hudson va Manxetten temir yo'li

PATH tizimi oldin Nyu-York metrosi "s birinchi yer osti liniyasi, tomonidan boshqariladi Interborough tezkor tranzit kompaniyasi. Hudson va Manxetten temir yo'li (H&M) 1874 yilda rejalashtirilgan edi, ammo o'sha paytda tunnel ostidan xavfsiz o'tish imkoniyati yo'q edi. Hudson daryosi. 1890 yilda mavjud bo'lgan tunnellarda qurilish boshlandi, ammo tez orada mablag 'tugashi bilan to'xtadi. Rahbarligida 1900 yilda qayta tiklandi Uilyam Gibbs Makadu, Nyu-Yorkka ko'chib kelgan shuhratparast yosh advokat Chattanooga, Tennessi va keyinchalik H&M prezidenti bo'ldi.[3] Temir yo'l McAdoo bilan shu qadar chambarchas bog'langanki, uning dastlabki yillarida uning yo'nalishlari McAdoo Tubes yoki McAdoo Tunnellari deb nomlangan.[4][5]

Qurilish

Asosiy maqolalar: Udown Hudson Tubes va Downtown Hudson Tubes
Filiallari bilan asl rejalardan biri Nyu-Jersi terminalining markaziy temir yo'li (pastki chap) va IRT Lexington avenyu liniyasi Astor-Pley-da (markazda).

Qurilish hozirda shunday deb nomlangan birinchi tunnelda boshlandi Udown Hudson Tubes, 1873 yilda.[6]:14 Bosh muhandis Devit Xaskin yordamida tunnel qurdi siqilgan havo loydan bo'sh joy ochish va keyin uni g'isht bilan qoplash.[3] Jersi Siti shahridan temir yo'l shu yo'l bilan 1200 fut (366 m) masofada joylashgan[7]:12 sud jarayoni to'xtaguniga qadar;[8] baxtsiz hodisalar, shu jumladan 1880 yilda 20 nafar ishchining o'limiga olib kelgan, ayniqsa jiddiy voqea, qo'shimcha kechikishlarga olib keldi.[9] Loyiha 1883 yilda mablag 'etishmasligi sababli qoldirilgan.[3][6]:67[7]:12 1888 yildan 1892 yilgacha bo'lgan ingliz kompaniyasining sa'y-harakati ham muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi.[10]

Qurilish tugagandan ko'p o'tmay Gudzon tunnellari

1902 yilda Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi temir yo'l kompaniyasi shahar markazidagi trubalarda qurilishni qayta tiklaganida, uning bosh muhandisi Charlz M. Jakobs boshqacha usulni qo'llagan. U ishchilarga qalqonni loydan itarib, so'ngra trubka atrofiga naychali quyma temirni qo'yishdi.[3] Tunda tunnelning shimoliy trubkasi ish qayta tiklangandan ko'p o'tmay shu tarzda qurib bitkazildi[11] va janubiy trubka xuddi shu tarzda qurilgan.[3][12] Shahar markazidagi quvurlar 1906 yilda qurib bitkazilgan.[13]

1904 yil oxiriga kelib Nyu-York shahar tezkor tranzit komissarlari kengashi kompaniyasiga yangi metro liniyasini qurish uchun ruxsat bergan edi Midtown Manxetten Uptown Hudson Tubes bilan bog'lanish uchun, qatorga 26 yillik eksklyuziv huquqlar. Midtown Manxetten liniyasi sharqqa qarab harakatlanadi Kristofer ko'chasi ostidan shimoli-sharqqa burilishdan oldin Oltinchi avenyu, keyin Oltinchi avenyu ostida a ga qadar davom eting 33-ko'chadagi terminal.[14]

1905 yil yanvar oyida 21 million dollarlik kapitalga ega bo'lgan Gudzon kompaniyalari Uptown Hudson quvurlarini tugatish va Oltinchi avenyu chizig'ini qurish, shuningdek, ikkinchi juft tunnel qurish uchun qo'shildi. Downtown Hudson Tubes.[15][16] H&M 1906 yil dekabrda Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi o'rtasida Uptown va Downtown Tubes orqali yo'lovchi temir yo'l tizimini boshqarish uchun birlashtirilgan.[17][18]

Hozirgi Downtown Hudson Tubes taxminan qurilgan 1 1⁄4 birinchisidan janubda (2,0 km). Quvurli quyma temir usuli yordamida uch yillik qurilish 1909 yilda tugagan.[3][7]:18 Shahar va shahar markazidagi tunnellarda bitta trassali ikkita trubka bo'lgan.[19] Manhettendagi tunnellarning sharqiy qismlari kesib oling va yoping usul.[20]

Ochilish

Park joy stantsiyasi Nyuarkda H & MRR terminali 1930-yillarning oxirlarida Nyuark Penn Stantsiyasi qurib bitkazilgunga qadar bo'lgan.

Bo'sh poezdlarning sinov harakatlari 1907 yil oxirida boshlandi.[21] Daromad xizmati o'rtasida boshlangan Xoboken terminali va 1908 yil 26-fevral, yarim tunda, Prezident qachon Teodor Ruzvelt tugmachasini bosdi oq uy shahar trubkalarida elektr tarmoqlarini yoqib yuborgan (yo'lovchilarni olib ketadigan birinchi poyezd, barcha tanlangan amaldorlar oldingi kun ishlagan).[22][7]:21 Bu oqimning bir qismiga aylandi Xoboken – 33-uy chiziq.[23]:2 H&M tizimi 650- tomonidan quvvatlanganvolt to'g'ridan-to'g'ri oqim uchinchi temir yo'l, bu esa o'z navbatida 11000 voltlik quvvatni tortdi yuqish uchta podstantsiyali tizim. Substansiyalar Jersi Siti Powerhouse, shuningdek ikkita kichik podstansiyalar Kristofer ko'chasi va Hudson terminali stantsiyalar.[24]

H&M 19-ko'chadan kengaytma 23-ko'cha 1908 yil iyun oyida ochilgan.[25] 1909 yil iyulda Xudson Terminali o'rtasida xizmat boshlandi Quyi Manxetten va Almashish joyi Jersi Siti shahrida, shahar markazidagi naychalar orqali.[26] Exchange Place va ulanish joyi orasidagi aloqa Xoboken terminali ikki hafta o'tgach ochildi,[27] Xoboken-Gudzon terminali uchun asosiy yo'nalishni shakllantirish (hozir Hoboken - Jahon savdo markazi ) chiziq.[28]:3 Sentabr oyida 23-ko'chadan Hudson terminaligacha bo'lgan yangi yo'nalish yaratildi.[28]:3 Shundan deyarli bir yil o'tib, H&M muddati uzaytirildi Almashish joyi g'arbdan Grove ko'chasi,[29] va 23-ko'cha-Gudzon terminali yo'nalishi Grove ko'chasiga yo'naltirilib, oqimning bir qismiga aylandi Jurnal maydoni - 33-uy chiziq. To'rtinchi yo'nalish, Grove Street-Hudson Terminal (hozirgi Newark - Jahon savdo markazi qator), shuningdek yaratilgan.[28]:3 1910 yil noyabr oyida Hoboken-23-ko'chasi va Grove-23-ko'chalari uzaytirildi 23-ko'cha ga 33-ko'cha.[30][31]

Grove Street-Gudson Terminal liniyasi g'arbga qarab uzaytirildi Grove ko'chasi ga Manxetten transferi 1911 yil oktyabrda,[32] va keyin Park joyi yilda Nyuark o'sha yilning 26 noyabrida.[33] Manhattanning 33-ko'chaga ko'tarilishi va 1911 yilda Manxetten transferi va Park Place Newark terminaliga g'arbiy tomon kengaytmasi tugagandan so'ng, H&M to'liq qurildi.[23]:7 Yakuniy qiymati 55-60 million dollarga baholandi.[34][35] To'xtash Summit xiyoboni Grou-Strit va Manxetten Transfer o'rtasida joylashgan (hozirgi Journal Square) 1912 yil aprelda ochilgan to'ldirish stantsiyasi Newark-Hudson Terminal liniyasida, garchi o'sha paytda faqat bitta platforma ishlatilgan. Stantsiya 1913 yil fevralga qadar qurib bitkazilib, 33-ko'chadan xizmat to'xtatilishi mumkin edi.[23][28]:7 Oxirgi stantsiya, da Xarrison, bir oydan keyin ochildi.[23]

Tashqi aloqalar va qurilmagan kengayishlar

Qurilmagan PATH kengayish xaritasi (binafsha rang) va H&M kengayish (qizil). Avvalgi yo'nalish Park joyi sariq rangda, mavjud chiziqlar esa qora rangda ko'rsatilgan. (Xaritani tahrirlash)

Dastlab, Hudson Tubes Nyu-Jersidagi Gudzon daryosidagi uchta yirik temir yo'l terminallarini - Eri temir yo'li (Erie) va Pensilvaniya temir yo'li (PRR) Jersi Siti va Delaver, Lakavanna va G'arbiy temir yo'l (DL&W) Hobokendagi Nyu-York shahri bilan. PATH Hoboken va Nyuarkdagi poezd stantsiyalariga ulanishda, Eri's Pavonia terminali hozirda Newport va PRR terminali Exchange Place stantsiyasi yopilgan va buzilgan. Uchun erta muzokaralar bo'lib o'tdi Nyu-York Penn Stantsiyasi ikkala temir yo'l tomonidan ham foydalanilishi kerak.[36] 1908 yilda McAdoo H&M ning janubga tomon filialini qurishni taklif qildi Nyu-Jersi terminalining markaziy temir yo'li da Communipaw.[37]

1904 yilda tezkor tranzit komissarlari H&M ning Oltinchi avenyu liniyasini qurishni ma'qullashganda, ular sharqiy-g'arbiy qarama-qarshi yo'nalishni qazish imkoniyatini ochiq qoldirdilar. Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi temir yo'l kompaniyasi Christopher va ostida qazish uchun abadiy huquqlarni oldi To'qqizinchi ko'chalar ikkalasiga ham sharq tomon Ikkinchi avenyu yoki Astor joyi.[14][7]:22 Loyiha boshlandi, ammo tez orada tark etildi; qazilgan trubaning taxminan 250 futi (76 m) hali ham mavjud.[7]:22[3]

1909 yil fevralda H&M Uptown Tubes-ni shimoli-sharqqa uzaytirish rejalarini e'lon qildi Katta markaziy terminal, joylashgan Park xiyoboni va 42-ko'cha.[38] 28 va 33-chi stantsiyalarning ochilishi Grand Central kengaytmasi rejalashtirilganligi sababli kechiktirildi.[39] The New York Times shaharning tunnellari yo'lovchilardan shaharning tunnellariga qaraganda ko'proq foydalanishni ko'rishlari mumkin, chunki ular yaxshi xizmat ko'rsatgan shahar moliyaviy tumani.[38]

The Interborough tezkor tranzit kompaniyasi (IRT), H&M uchun raqobatchi, uni ulashni taklif qildi Lexington avenyu liniyasi H&M ga Katta Markaziy, Astor joyi va Fulton ko'chasi - Gudzon terminali rejalashtirilgan tizim tugallangandan so'ng.[38] Uning Grand Centraldagi terminali to'g'ridan-to'g'ri IRT ning ostida joylashgan bo'lishi kerak edi 42-chi ko'cha chizig'i lekin IRT-dan yuqori Steinway tunnel ga Malika. Shu bilan birga, IRT H&M-ni o'z stantsiyasini juda chuqur qurishga majburlash maqsadida, uning ikki darajasi o'rtasida ruxsatsiz shamollatish shaftini barpo etdi va unga kamroq etib bordi.[40] Shu bilan bir qatorda, Uptown quvurlarini Steinway tunneliga ulash taklif qilindi.[41] Uptown Tubes-ni Grand Central-ga qadar uzaytirish bo'yicha franchayzing 1909 yil iyun oyida berildi.[42]

1914 yilga kelib, H&M Grand Central kengaytmasi qurilishini hali boshlamagan va kechiktirishni talab qilgan.[43][7]:55 Olti yildan so'ng, H&M kechikish uchun 17 ta ariza topshirdi; ularning barchasida temir yo'l qurilish uchun eng yaxshi vaqt emasligini aytdi.[44] Tezkor tranzit komissarlari oxirgisidan voz kechib, H & M kompaniyasining Grand Central kengaytmasiga bo'lgan huquqlarini tugatdi.[7]:55–56

1910 yil sentyabr oyida McAdoo yana bir kengayishni taklif qildi, bu shahar markazidan o'tuvchi ikkinchi shimoliy-janubiy chiziqdan iborat. Gudzon terminalidan 6 milya (6,4 km) masofada, 33-ko'chaga va Oltinchi avenyuga qadar, uning ostida harakatlanardi. Herald maydoni va H & M-ning mavjud 33-chi stantsiya yaqinida. Yangi chiziq asosan ostida ishlaydi Broadway, ostida janubdagi chiziqning kichik qismi joylashgan Cherkov ko'chasi. McAdoo rejasiga binoan, shahar ushbu liniyani 25 yil ichida tugatgandan so'ng egalik qilishi mumkin edi.[30]

O'sha yilning noyabr oyida McAdoo shuningdek, ikki yo'lli Broadway liniyasini IRT-ga bog'lashni taklif qildi asl metro liniyasi Quyi Manxettenda. Broadway liniyasi janubga qarab IRT ning mahalliy yo'llari bilan birlashishi mumkin edi Lexington avenyu liniyasi 10-ko'chada janubiy yo'nalishda. Quyi Manxettenning Lexington avenyu chizig'idan orqada Uchbirlik cherkovi, ostida sharqqa bo'linadi Uoll-strit, kesib o'tish Sharqiy daryo ga Bruklin, keyin pastga tushing To'rtinchi avenyu Bruklinda, Lafayette avenyu ostida yana bir turtki bor. McAdoo nafaqat "o'sha" deb nomlangan narsani boshqarishni xohladi "Triborough tizimi", shuningdek, kelajakda To'rtinchi avenyu liniyasida taklif qilish imkoniyati.[45] Broadway liniyasining franshizasi oxir-oqibat ushbu kompaniyaga berildi Bruklin tezkor tranzit kompaniyasi (BRT) 1913 yilda, qismi sifatida Ikki tomonlama shartnomalar.[46][47]

1909 yilda McAdoo Nyu-Jersidagi H&M-ni shimol tomonga filial qurishni kengaytirishni o'ylaydi Montkler, yilda Esseks okrugi. Nyarkdan shimolga cho'zilgan yo'l to'g'ridan-to'g'ri davom etardi Sharqiy to'q sariq. U erdan filiallar bo'linib ketardi Janubiy to'q sariq janubda va shimolda Montkler.[48]

Kamayish va bankrotlik

1927 yilda 113 million odam H&M-da sayohat qilgan.[7]:55 Ochilishdan keyin chavandozlik pasayib ketdi Holland tunnel o'sha yilning oxirida va yana bir marta tushdi Depressiya boshlangan.[7]:55[49] Ning ochilishi Jorj Vashington ko'prigi 1931 yilda va Linkoln tunnel 1937 yilda poezdlardan va ularning mashinalariga ko'proq chavandozlarni jalb qildi.[7]:56[50] Summit avenyu stantsiyasi 1929 yilda yangilangan va "Jurnallar maydoni" nomi bilan qayta ishlangan; The temir yo'lning elektr stantsiyasi Jersi Siti shahrida o'sha yili yopildi, chunki uning tizimi endi katta elektr tarmog'idan energiya olishi mumkin.[23]:7

1930-yillarda Manxettenning Uptown Hudson Tubes-ga xizmat ko'rsatish qurilishining ta'siriga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Mustaqil metro tizimi (IND) ning Oltinchi avenyu chizig'i. 33-ko'chadagi terminal 1937 yil oxirida yopilgan; metro qurilishiga ruxsat berish uchun H&M-dagi xizmat 28-ko'chaga qisqartirildi.[51] 33-ko'cha terminali janubga 32-ko'chaga ko'chirildi va 1939 yilda qayta ochildi. Shahar yangi 33-stantsiyani qurish uchun temir yo'lga 800 ming dollar to'lashi kerak edi; yo'qolgan daromad uchun H&M kompaniyasiga 300 ming dollarni ko'proq qopladi.[52] Hozirda 28-ko'cha bekati keraksiz deb yopilgan edi, chunki 33-ko'chadagi terminalga janubiy kirish joylari atigi ikki blok narida edi; keyinchalik quyida joylashgan IND treklariga joy ajratish uchun buzib tashlangan.[53]

1954 yildan beri tashlab qo'yilgan 19-ko'chadagi stantsiya

The Manxetten transfer stantsiyasi 1937 yil o'rtalarida yopilgan va H&M Park Park Place terminalidan Newark Penn stantsiyasiga chorak milya (400 m) shimolda joylashgan; bo'ylab Harrison stantsiyasi Passay daryosi Natijada janubga bir necha blok ko'chirildi. Keyinchalik Park-Pleysgacha bo'lgan markaziy ko'cha ko'prigining yuqori darajasi keyinchalik bo'ldi Marshrut 158.[54]

Aktsiyalar va boshqa reklama H&M moliyaviy pasayishini to'xtata olmadi. Manxettenning 19-ko'chasi stantsiyasi 1954 yilda yopilgan.[55] O'sha yili H&M doimiy zararlar tufayli qabul qilish tizimiga kirdi.[56] U ostida ishlagan bankrotlikdan himoya qilish; 1956 yilda ikki davlat 1,9 million dollarga qaytarilmagan soliqlarini to'lashga kelishib oldilar.[57] O'sha yili H&M 37 million yillik yo'lovchini ko'rdi va transport mutaxassislari subsidiyalarni talab qilishdi. Bitta mutaxassis "temir yo'l aylanasi" ni taklif qildi, Uptown Hudson Tubes IND Oltinchi avenyu chizig'iga ulanadi, so'ngra oltinchi avenyu va g'arbga yangi tunnel orqali davom etadi. Weehawken, Nyu-Jersi.[58] 1958 yilga kelib chavandozlik yiliga 30,46 million yo'lovchiga kamaydi.[50] Ikki yil o'tgach, kreditorlar qayta tashkil etish rejasini tasdiqladilar.[59] Shu vaqt ichida H&M ishchilari ish haqi bo'yicha ikki marta ish tashlashdi: 1953 yilda ikki kun davomida,[60] va 1957 yilda bir oy davomida.[61]

Port ma'muriyati faoliyati

Qabul qilmoq; yutib olmoq

Nyuark Penn Stantsiyasidagi PATH poezdi, 1966 y

1960-yillarning boshlarida, rejalashtirish uchun Jahon savdo markazi natijada Port ma'muriyati va Nyu-York va Nyu-Jersi shtatlari hukumatlari o'rtasida kelishuvga erishildi. Port ma'muriyati Tubesning Quyi Manxetten terminusi bo'lgan H&M's Hudson Terminalining izida Jahon Savdo Markazini qurish huquqi evaziga Naychalarni sotib olishga va saqlashga rozi bo'ldi.[62] 1962 yil yanvar oyida rasmiy shartnoma tuzildi;[63] to'rt oy o'tgach, Port ma'muriyati ikkita to'liq sho''ba korxonasini tashkil etdi: Port & Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH) H&M liniyalarini boshqarish uchun, shuningdek Jahon Savdo Markazini boshqarish uchun yana bir sho''ba korxonasi. Port ma'muriyatining barcha faoliyati federal bo'ysungan bo'lar edi Davlatlararo savdo komissiyasi Agar u poezdlarni to'g'ridan-to'g'ri boshqargan bo'lsa, qoidalar, ammo PATH korporatsiyasi yaratilishi bilan faqatgina sho'ba korxonaning faoliyati federal tartibga solinadi.[64]

Sentabr oyida Port ma'muriyati rasmiy ravishda H&M temir yo'l va quvurlarni o'z zimmasiga oldi va tizimni qayta nomladi. Port ma'muriyati Trans-Gudson (PATH).[7]:58[65] H&M-ni qabul qilib olgach, PANYNJ tizim infratuzilmasini modernizatsiya qilish uchun 70 million dollar sarfladi.[66] PANYNJ, shuningdek, H&M stantsiyalarini yangi PATH liverida qayta bo'yashdi.[67] 1964 yilda hokimiyat 162 PA1 temir yo'l vagonlarini H&M harakat tarkibini almashtirishga buyruq berdi, ularning aksariyati 1909 yilga to'g'ri keladi.[68] Birinchi PA1 mashinalari 1965 yilda etkazib berildi.[69] Keyinchalik, agentlik 1967 yilda 44 PA2 avtomobilga va 1972 yilda 46 PA3 avtomobilga buyurtma bergan.[70]

1970-yillar

Jahon savdo markazi qurilishining bir qismi sifatida Port ma'muriyati Gudzon terminalini buzishga va yangi qurilishga qaror qildi. Jahon savdo markazining terminali saytda.[63] Jahon savdo markazida poydevor qo'yish 1966 yilda sodir bo'lgan.[71] Qozuv va qurilish paytida asl Downtown Hudson Tubes baland tunnel sifatida xizmatda qoldi.[72] Yangi Jahon Savdo Markazi terminali 1971 yilda asl Gudzon terminalidan boshqa joyda ochilgan.[73] Uning qurilishiga 35 million dollar sarflangan va ochilish vaqtida kunlik 85000 yo'lovchini ko'rgan.[74] Keyin Gudzon terminali yopildi.[72]

1969 yilda Harrison, NJga kelgan PATH

1973 yil yanvar oyida Port ma'muriyati PATH tizimining marshrut masofasini ikki baravar oshirish rejalarini e'lon qildi.[70] Rejada 15 km (24 km) uzaytirish kerak edi Newark - Jahon savdo markazi Nyuark Penn Stantsiyasidan tortib to Peynfild (Nyu-Jersi). To'xtash Yelizaveta PATH xizmatiga ruxsat beradi Newark aeroporti shuningdek. Newark aeroporti to'xtash joyida a ga o'tish amalga oshiriladi odamlar ko'chirish terminallarning o'zlariga xizmat ko'rsatish.[75] Dastlabki tadqiqotlar yo'l, shuningdek, loyihalash shartnomasi, o'sha yili amalga oshirildi.[76] Kengaytma 1975 yilda tasdiqlangan.[77]

The Federal shahar tranzit ma'muriyati taklif qilinayotgan kengaytmaning samaradorligi haqida unchalik g'ayratli emas edi va Port ma'muriyatiga loyiha uchun talab qilingan 322 million dollarni, ya'ni taxmin qilingan narxning 80 foizini berishni istamadi.[78] Oxir-oqibat, ma'muriyat buni qo'llab-quvvatlashga rozi bo'ldi.[79] Ammo 1977 yilda AQSh Oliy sudi ikki shtat qonun chiqaruvchi organlari tomonidan buzilgan deb qaror qildi AQSh konstitutsiyasi "s Shartnoma bandi bekor qilish orqali a ahd muddatini uzaytirish uchun 1962 yilgi shartnoma shartnomalarida,[80] loyihani sezilarli darajada orqaga qaytarish.[81] 1978 yil iyun oyida, keyinchalik 600 million dollarga baholangan, Nyu-Jersidagi avtobus qatnovini yaxshilash foydasiga uzaytirilishi bekor qilindi.[82]

Ish tashlashlar

Bu vaqt ichida mehnat muammolari ham PATHni bezovta qilmoqda.[83] 1973 yil yanvar oyida ish haqining oshishiga qarshi ish tashlashning oldi olindi,[84] muzokaralar muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi va ishchilar aprel oyida chiqib ketishdi.[83][85] Ish tashlashdan bir oy o'tgach, muzokaralar yana buzildi;[86] kasaba uyushmasi iyun oyida ishiga qaytdi.[87]

The 1980 yil Nyu-York shahrining tranzit ish tashlashi to'xtatilgan xizmat Nyu-York shahar tranzit boshqarmasi (NYCTA) avtobus va metro marshrutlari 10 kun davomida. NYCTA ish tashlashi paytida 33-ko'chadan Midtown Manxetten, Pavonia-Newport va Exchange Place orqali Jahon savdo markaziga maxsus PATH yo'nalishi o'tdi.[88] PATH motormenlari, shuningdek, bu vaqt ichida turli sabablarga ko'ra ish tashlashni boshlash bilan tahdid qilishdi. Maxsus xizmat aprel oyida ba'zi ishchilar rad etganidan keyin to'xtatilgan edi vaqt o'tishi bilan.[89]

Iyun oyida PATH ishchilari yana ish haqini oshirish uchun ish tashlashdi, bu ularning 1973 yildan beri birinchi harakati.[90] Ish tashlash paytida tunnellarda namlik paydo bo'ldi va yo'llarda zang to'plandi; suv osti tunnellaridagi nasoslar ishlamoqda va bu quvurlarni suv bosishiga to'sqinlik qildi.[91] Hudson daryosi bo'ylab muqobil xizmatni "etarli bo'lmagan" marshrut avtobuslari amalga oshirdi Holland tunnel.[92] 81 kunlik ish tashlash[91] PATH tarixidagi eng uzun bo'lgan.[93]

1980 va 1990 yillar

1980-yillarda PATH yo'lovchilarining sezilarli o'sishi temir yo'l infratuzilmasini kengaytirish va takomillashtirishni talab qildi. Port ma'muriyati 1988 yilda Nyuark-WTC yo'nalishidagi stantsiyalarga sakkizta vagondan ko'proq sakkiz vagonni joylashtirishi mumkin bo'lgan rejani e'lon qildi, etti vagonli poezdlar Jurnal maydoni va 33-ko'chalar o'rtasida harakatlanishi mumkin edi.[94] Ikki yil o'tgach, PATH stantsiyalarini yangilash va yangi mashinalar qo'shish uchun 1 milliard dollarlik rejasini e'lon qildi.[95] Reklama orqali pul ishlash uchun stantsiyalarga video monitorlar o'rnatildi.[96] PATH, shuningdek, har bir yo'lovchiga beriladigan subsidiyani kamaytirsa ham, yillik 135 million dollarlik defitsitni kamaytirish uchun tariflarni oshirishga intildi.[97] 1992 yilgacha Port ma'muriyati infratuzilmani yaxshilashga 900 million dollar sarfladi, jumladan yo'llarni ta'mirlash, aloqa va signalizatsiya tizimini modernizatsiya qilish, shamollatish uskunalarini almashtirish va liftlarni etti stantsiyaga o'rnatish 1990 yilgi nogironlar to'g'risidagi qonun (ADA).[98]

Garrisonda 1990 yilda 225 million dollarlik avtoulovlarga texnik xizmat ko'rsatish inshooti ochilgan. U PATH-ning eski Xenderson ko'chasidagi hovlisini almashtirdi - Marin Bulvari va Kristofer Kolumbus Drive shimoliy-sharqidagi Grove Street stantsiyasining sharqiy qismida poezdlarni saqlash joyi pastroq. .[99]

Yuqori to'lqinlar 1992 yil dekabr PATH tunnellarini suv bosdi, shu jumladan Xoboken va Pavoniya o'rtasida 2500-3000 fut (760-910 m) qism.[100] Aksariyat poezdlar toshqinlarga yetmasdan to'xtatilgan, ammo Hoboken terminalining yaqinida to'xtab qolgan.[101] Tizim ichidagi ba'zi suv nasoslari haddan tashqari ko'p bo'lgan.[100] Keyinchalik Nyuark - Butunjahon savdo markazi xizmati to'xtatilmadi, ammo Jurnal maydoni - 33-ko'cha xizmati sekinlashdi, chunki marshrut bo'ylab bir nechta joylarni haydash kerak edi.[101] Xobokenga xizmat ko'rsatish 10 kunga to'xtatildi, bu 1980 yil yozidagi ish tashlashdan beri eng uzoq davom etgan uzilish.[100]

Butunjahon savdo markazining PATH stantsiyasida shiftning bir qismi qulab tushdi va o'nlab odamlarni qamab qo'ydi 1993 yil Jahon Savdo Markazining portlashi;[102][103] stansiyaning o'zi hech qanday tizimli zarar ko'rmagan.[104] Uch kun ichida stansiyaga PATH xizmati qayta tiklandi.[105]

1993 yil yozida Port ma'muriyati barcha poezd va stantsiyalarda tamaki reklamalarini taqiqladi. 1993 yil sentyabr oyining o'rtalarida Jersi-Siti shahrida 33-chi ko'chadagi terminalning o'rniga avtomobillar uchun yangi yuvish ochildi.[106] 1994 yil aprel oyida ADA talablariga muvofiq Exchange Place stantsiyasiga kirish ochildi.[107] Ikki yil o'tgach, Newark - Jahon savdo markazi xizmatida uch poyezd olti oy davomida ekspres qatnovini boshladi va ish vaqtini 3 ga qisqartirdi1⁄2 daqiqa.[108] Weekend Hoboken - Butunjahon savdo markazining xizmati 1996 yil oktyabr oyida olti oylik sinov asosida boshlandi va Newark - Jahon savdo markazining tezkor xizmati shu kuni doimiy ravishda amalga oshirildi.[109][110]

2001 yil 11 sentyabr va tiklanish

Jahon savdo markazining vaqtincha stantsiyasi 2003 yilda ochilgan
2003 yilda Nyu-Yorkdan birinchi poezd PATHning vaqtinchalik WTC stantsiyasiga etib kelganini yo'lovchilar olqishlamoqda

The Jahon savdo markazi stantsiyasi Quyi Manxettenda, Jahon Savdo Markazi qoshida, PATHning Nyu-Yorkdagi ikkita terminalidan biri, vayron qilingan 11 sentyabr hujumlari, qachon Egizak minoralar uning ustiga qulab tushdi. Yiqilishidan oldin stantsiya yopilgan va barcha yo'lovchilar evakuatsiya qilingan.[7]:107

Quyi Manxettenga xizmat noma'lum muddatga to'xtatildi.[111] Almashish joyi, Jahon Savdo Markazi oldidagi so'nggi bekat, shuningdek, yopilishi kerak edi, chunki poezdlar u erda aylana olmadi;[112] suvga jiddiy zarar etkazgan.[113] Jahon savdo markazidagi vaqtinchalik PATH terminali 2001 yil dekabrda tasdiqlangan va ikki yil ichida ochilishi rejalashtirilgan.[114]

Hujumlardan ko'p o'tmay, Port ma'muriyati shaharning ikkita xizmatini ishga tushirdi: Nyuark-33-ko'chasi va Xoboken-33-ko'chasi.[115][116] va Nyu-Jersidagi bitta ichki xizmat - Hoboken-Journal Square.[117][116] Yagona tungi xizmat ko'rsatildi: Nyuark - 33-ko'chasi (Xoboken orqali).[116]

Ayni paytda, Nyuarkdan poezdlar Xoboken bilan bog'langan tunnelga etib borishi uchun stubli tunnelga o'zgartirishlar kiritildi. O'zgartirishlar uchun PATH stub tunnel va Newark tunnellari orasidagi toshni bosib o'tishi kerak edi. Stub, "Penn Pocket", PRR yo'lovchilarini Harbourside terminalidan Jahon savdo markazidan Exchange Place ishchisigacha qisqa burilish vaqtida olib borish uchun qurilgan.[118] Yangi Almashish joyi stantsiya 2003 yil iyun oyida ochilgan.[113]

Yo'llarning asl hizalanishi sababli, Hobokenga yoki undan qaytib keladigan poezdlar Newark xizmatidan alohida tunnellardan foydalangan. Newarkdan Eastbound poezdlari Exchange Place-ning g'arbiy qismidagi g'arbiy yo'nalish tomonga o'tib, yo'nalishni o'zgartirib, krossover kaliti Hobokenga borish. Sharqiy yo'nalishda Hobokendan poezdlar Exchange Place-da sharqiy yo'nalishda, keyin yo'nalishni orqaga qaytarishdi va Grove Street-ga kirishdan oldin Newark tomon g'arbiy yo'nalishda borish uchun xuddi shu krossover tugmachasini ishlatishdi.[7]:108

Quyi Manxettenga PATH xizmati yangi, 323 million dollar bo'lganida tiklandi ikkinchi stantsiya 2003 yil noyabr oyida ochilgan; birinchi poezd evakuatsiya qilish uchun ishlatilgan edi.[119][7]:108–110 Ikkinchi, vaqtinchalik stansiyada asl stansiyaning qismlari bor edi, lekin isitish va konditsioner yo'q edi. Vaqtinchalik kirish 2007 yil iyul oyida yopilgan, keyin uchinchi doimiy stantsiyaga yo'l ochish uchun buzilgan; shu vaqtning o'zida Cherkov ko'chasiga kirish eshigi ochildi.[120] Vesey ko'chasida yangi kirish 2008 yil mart oyida ochilgan; cherkovga kirish joyi buzildi.[121]

"Sendi" dovuli

2012 yil 29 oktyabr kuni erta tongda barcha PATH xizmati to'xtatib qo'yilgan edi "Sendi" dovuli. Ertasi kuni Nyu-Jersi gubernatori Kris Kristi bo'ron buzilishi sababli PATH xizmati 7-10 kun davomida ishlamasligini e'lon qildi. Bo'ron ko'tarilishi dovuldan katta suv toshqini sabab bo'lgan Xoboken va Jersi Siti stantsiyalari, shuningdek Jahon savdo markazi.[122] Bo'ron paytida Xobokenga suv oqayotganini ko'rsatadigan PATH xavfsizlik kamerasi tomonidan olingan tasvir Internetda tarqaldi va bo'ronning bir nechta vakili tasvirlaridan biriga aylandi.[123]

Bo'rondan keyin birinchi PATH poezdlari bu edi Jurnal maydoni - 33-uy 6-noyabrda qayta tiklanadigan va faqat kunduzi ishlaydigan xizmat.[124] Xizmat 12-noyabr kuni g'arbda Garrison va Nyuarkga qadar kengaytirildi Newark - Jahon savdo markazi xizmat. Kristofer ko'chasi va 9-ko'chasi 17-18 noyabr kunlari dam olish kunlari qayta ochildi, ammo keyin besh kun davomida yopiq qoldi.[125] Newark-Jahon savdo markazi va Journal Square-33 ko'chalari yo'nalishlarida odatdagi ish kunlari xizmati 26-noyabrdan boshlab qayta tiklandi. Dam olish kunlari poezdlar Newark-33 Street ko'chirish uslubi bo'yicha harakatlanishdi.[126]

Hoboken terminalidagi PATH stantsiyasi sakkiz fut (2,4 m) balandlikdagi toshqinlarni tunnellarni suvga botirgandan so'ng katta zarar ko'rdi; 300 million dollarlik ta'mirlash uchun bir necha hafta davomida yopilgan.[127] Hoboken xizmatini qaytarishni tezlashtirish uchun Nyuark-33-ko'cha yo'nalishi dekabr oyi o'rtalarida ikki hafta oxiri to'xtatildi, uning o'rnida Nyuark-Jahon savdo markazi ishlaydi.[128] Hoboken Terminal dekabr oyida kunduzgi Hoboken-33 ko'chasi xizmati uchun qayta ochildi,[129] 2013 yil boshida ish kunining 24 soatlik PATH xizmatining tiklanishi.[130][131] Xoboken-Jahon savdo markazidagi poezdlar yanvar oyi oxirlarida qayta tiklandi va barcha oddiy xizmatlar mart oyigacha tiklandi.[132][133]

Downtown Hudson Tubes, Sandy tomonidan jiddiy zarar ko'rgan. Natijada, ta'mirlash ishlarini olib borish uchun Nyu-York - Butunjahon savdo markazi liniyasida Exchange Place va Jahon savdo markazi o'rtasidagi xizmat deyarli barcha dam olish kunlari, dam olish kunlaridan tashqari, 2019 va 2020 yillarda to'xtatilishi kerak edi.[134]

2010 yilgi yaxshilanishlar

Qavralari burchak ostida burkangan, egnidagi oq daraxt va old tomonida kurtak ochuvchi daraxtlar va quyosh nurida uning orqasida zamonaviy osmon ko'tarilib, baland ko'katlar ko'tarilgan.
Bajarildi Jahon savdo markazi transport markazi 2016 yil aprel oyida

Doimiy to'rt platformali qurilish Jahon savdo markazi transport markazi Fulton ko'chasi ostida piyodalar yurishi uchun dastlabki yig'ma "qovurg'alar" o'rnatilgandan so'ng, 2008 yil iyul oyida boshlangan.[135] A platformasi, doimiy stantsiyaning birinchi qismi, 2014 yil fevral oyida Xoboken bilan bog'langan chavandozlarga xizmat ko'rsatgan.[136] B platformasi va A platformasining qolgan yarmi 2015 yil may oyida ochilgan.[137][138] Xub rasmiy ravishda 2016 yil mart oyida bosh xonaning bir qismi bilan ochildi.[139][140][141] So'nggi ikkitasi bo'lgan C va D platformalari o'sha sentyabr oyida ochilgan edi.[142][138]

Port ma'muriyati, shuningdek, qayta qurishni boshladi Harrison stantsiyasi 2009 yilda.[143] 10 vagonli poezdlarni harakatga keltirish uchun uzunroq va kengroq platformalarga ega; ADA va me'moriy modifikatsiyaga muvofiq platforma kengaytmalari ichidagi ko'cha darajasidan platformaga ko'taruvchilar.[144] Yangi Harrison stantsiyasining g'arbiy tomonidagi platformasi 2018 yil oktyabr oyida jamoatchilikka ochildi[145][146] keyingi iyun oyida esa sharq tomonga qarab.[147]

2010 yil yanvar oyida PATH 321 million dollar sarflashini e'lon qildi aloqa asosidagi poezdlarni boshqarish (CBTC) bilan Simens ' Trainguard MT CBTC, uni yangilash signal tizimi chavandozlikning ko'payishi uchun.[148] CBTC to'rt yillik eskirgan o'rnini bosadiblok signalizatsiyasi tizim.[149] Bu kamayadi katta yo'l poezdlar orasidagi vaqt, shov-shuv vaqtida ko'proq ishlashga imkon beradi. Shu bilan birga, butun PATH parki 340 ta CBTC bilan jihozlangan PA5 mashinalari bilan almashtirildi Kavasaki temir yo'l vagonlari. Dastlabki shartnoma 2011 yilda yakunlangan; keyingi yillarda qo'shimcha mashinalar etkazib berildi.[150][151] PATH-ning maqsadi yo'lovchilarni qabul qilish hajmini kuniga 240 ming yo'lovchidan 290 ming kishiga etkazish edi. Dastlab butun CBTC tizimi 2017 yilda ishga tushirilishi kerak edi.[148][152] Port ma'muriyati, shuningdek, Nyu-York-Jahon savdo markazi liniyasidagi 13 ta platformani yangilash uchun 10 ta vagonli poezdlarni joylashtirish uchun 659 million dollar sarfladi; shu paytgacha ushbu yo'nalish faqat sakkizta vagonli poezdlarni boshqarishi mumkin edi.[151]

CBTC bilan birga PATH o'rnatishni boshladi poezdlarni ijobiy boshqarish (PTC), boshqa xavfsizlik tizimi, 2010 yil davomida, a Federal temir yo'l boshqarmasi (FRA) 2018 yil oxiriga qadar barcha Amerika temir yo'llariga ega bo'lish majburiyatini oldi.[153] Journal Square-dan g'arbiy Newark-Jahon savdo markazi liniyasi PTC-ga 2018 yil aprel oyida aylantirildi, undan keyin keyingi oyda Journal Square-dan sharqiy yo'lning qismlari. Bu butun tizim bo'ylab kechikishlarga olib keldi, chunki poezd operatorlari ikkita signal tizimi o'rtasida almashinish uchun o'zlarining poezdlarini sekinlashtirishi va qo'lda sozlashi kerak edi. PTC Uptown Hudson Tubes-da 2018 yil iyulidan oktyabrigacha sinovdan o'tkazildi va hafta oxiri yopilishga majbur bo'ldi.[154][155] PTC 2018 yil noyabr oyida, muddatidan bir oy oldin tugatildi;[156] va butun tizim dekabrga aylantirildi.[149]

Shuningdek, Port ma'muriyati barcha PATH stantsiyalarida ikkita jihozni o'rnatdi. Uyali aloqa xizmati barcha mijozlar uchun 2019 yil boshiga qadar qo'shilgan.[157] O'sha yili barcha PATH stantsiyalarida navbatdagi poezdning kelishini ko'rsatadigan orqaga qarab hisoblash soatlari o'rnatildi.[158]

Keyinchalik, 2019 yil iyun oyida Port ma'muriyati PATHni takomillashtirish rejasini e'lon qildi va 1 milliard dollardan ortiq investitsiyalarni taklif qildi, shu jumladan Newark - Jahon savdo markazi liniyalari platformalarini kengaytirish uchun 80 million dollar, shuningdek, amalga oshirilayotgan ikkita loyihani moliyalashtirish: 752,6 million dollar 2022 yilga qadar CBTC tizimi va 2022 yilga qadar yangi PA5 rusumli vagonlarda 215,7 million dollar. Maqsad - Newark-Jahon savdo markazi yo'nalishidagi poezd chastotalarini shovqin paytida 40 foizga, boshqa yo'nalishlarda esa 20 foizga oshirish.[159][160][161] Newark - Jahon savdo markazi yo'nalishidagi har bir poyezd to'qqizta vagondan iborat bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, Grove ko'chasidagi platforma stantsiyaning Marin bulvari oxirida sharqqa cho'zilib, Exchange Place-da yana ikkita o'zaro faoliyat koridor qo'shiladi. Shuningdek, Port ma'muriyati 10 vagonli poezdlar qatnovini o'rganishga mablag 'ajratadi. 2019 yil sentyabr oyida Nyuark - Jahon savdo markazi va Jurnal maydonida - 33-ko'cha yo'nalishlarida avtobuslar shovqin paytida soatiga 10 foizga ko'tarilib, poyezdlar orasidagi yo'l to'rt daqiqadan uchgacha qisqartiriladi.[159]

Newark aeroportini kengaytirish bo'yicha takliflar

2000-yillarning o'rtalarida Nyuark aeroportining kengaytirilishi yana ko'rib chiqildi, chunki Port ma'muriyati xizmatni ikki milya (3,2 km) ga uzaytirish uchun texnik-iqtisodiy asoslash uchun 31 million dollar ajratdi. Nyuark Penn stantsiyasi,[162] o'sha paytda taxmin qilingan 500 million dollar;[163] o'rganish 2012 yilda boshlangan.[164] Keyingi sentyabr, Crain's Nyu-Jersi gubernatori haqida xabar berdi Kris Kristi AQSh dollarigacha davom etishi mumkin bo'lgan kengaytmani ommaviy ravishda qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.[165] Hokim aeroportning eng yirik operatori, United Airlines, uchishni o'ylab ko'ring Atlantika Siti xalqaro aeroporti loyihani yanada rivojlantirish uchun jozibasi sifatida.[166]

Havo liniyalari va bulutli osmon ostida har ikkala namlangan panjara orasidagi to'rtta yo'l bilan temir yo'l stantsiyasi. Yuqoridagi yo'lakchadagi xatlar
Newark Liberty Airport xalqaro stantsiyasi, unga PATH xizmati kengaytiriladi

2014 yil fevral oyida Port ma'muriyati Komissarlari kengashi PATH-ning kengayishini o'z ichiga olgan 10 yillik kapital rejasini tasdiqladi NJ tranzit "s Newark Liberty xalqaro aeroporti stantsiyasi.[167][168][169] Hizalama mavjudga mos keladi Shimoli-sharqiy koridor taxminan bir mil (1,6 km) janubda, Newark aeroporti stantsiyasiga, u erda ulanish AirTrain Newark mavjud.[169] Besh yillik qurilish 2018 yilda boshlanishi kutilgandi.[170]

2014 yil oxirida Portlar ma'muriyatini moliyalashtirishning ustuvor yo'nalishlarini qayta ko'rib chiqishga chaqiriqlar bo'ldi. PATH kengaytmasi mavjud Manxetten-Nyuark aeroportidagi poezd qatnovi yo'nalishi bo'yicha harakat qildi (NJ Transit-da) Shimoliy-sharqiy koridor chizig'i va Shimoliy Jersi qirg'oq chizig'i shuningdek, Amtraknikiga o'xshaydi Keystone xizmati va Shimoli-sharqiy mintaqaviy ). Boshqa tomondan, ikkalasiga ham mablag 'yo'q edi Gateway tunnel, to'ldirishni ta'minlaydigan bir juft shahar poezd tunnellari Shimoliy daryo tunnellari Hudson ostida yoki o'rniga Port ma'muriyati avtobus terminali.[171] 2014 yil dekabr oyida PANYNJ infratuzilma dizayn firmasiga uch yillik 6 million dollarlik shartnoma imzoladi HNTB Newark aeroportini kengaytirish bo'yicha xarajatlarni tahlil qilish.[172]

Uch yil o'tgach, PANYNJ 10 yillik kapital rejasini e'lon qildi, bu muddatni uzaytirish uchun 1,7 milliard dollarni o'z ichiga olgan; qurilish 2020 yilda, 2025 yilda xizmat ko'rsatish bilan boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan.[173][174] 2017 yil ikki dekabrdagi jamoat uchrashuvlarida taqdimot[175] ko'rsatdi yangi PATH stantsiyani o'z ichiga oladi park-and-ride uchastkasi va yaqin atrofdan yangi kirish joyi Deyton Turar joy dahasi.[176]

Yo'l harakati

[ ]
Port ma'muriyati Trans-Gudson
Afsona
Ish kunlari
 NWK-WTC 
Nyuark
Passay daryosi
Xarrison
Hackensack daryosi
 JSQ-33 
Jurnal maydoni
Grove ko'chasi
Newport
 HOB-WTC  OB-33 
Xoboken
Almashish joyi
Nyu-Jersi
Nyu York
Hudson daryosi
 HOB-WTC  NWK-WTC 
Jahon savdo markazi
Kristofer ko'chasi
9-ko'cha
14-ko'cha
23-ko'cha
 JSQ-33  OB-33 
33-ko'cha
Dam olish kunlari, kech tunda va ta'til kunlari
 NWK-WTC 
Nyuark
Passay daryosi
Xarrison
Hackensack daryosi
 JSQ-33 (HOB orqali) 
Jurnal maydoni
Grove ko'chasi
Newport
Xoboken
Almashish joyi
Nyu-Jersi
Nyu York
Hudson daryosi
 NWK-WTC 
Jahon savdo markazi
Kristofer ko'chasi
9-ko'cha
14-ko'cha
23-ko'cha
 JSQ-33 (HOB orqali) 
33-ko'cha

PATH haftaning etti kunida 24 soat ishlaydi. Ish kunlari davomida PATH to'rtta poezd xizmatini amalga oshiradi,[177] H&M tomonidan boshqariladigan to'rtta xizmatning to'g'ridan-to'g'ri avlodlari,[28] Nyu-Jersidagi uchta va Manxettenning ikkita terminalidan foydalangan holda.[177] Kechasi, dam olish kunlari va ta'til vaqtida PATH Nyu-Jersidagi ikkita terminaldan va Manxettenning ikkita terminalidan ishlaydi.[177]

Har bir yo'nalish jadvallar va xizmat xaritalarida o'ziga xos rang bilan ifodalanadi, bu ham poyezdlarning old qismidagi marker chiroqlarining rangiga mos keladi. The Jurnal maydoni - 33-uy (Xoboken orqali) xizmat - bu ikkita rang (sariq va ko'k) bilan ifodalanadigan yagona yo'nalish, chunki bu PATH-ning shahar markazidagi ikkita xizmatining kechqurun / hafta oxiri / ta'til kombinatsiyasi, Jurnal maydoni - 33-uy va Xoboken – 33-uy. To'g'ri soatlarda poezdlar har bir xizmatda har to'rt-sakkiz daqiqada ishlaydi. Har qanday PATH stantsiyasidan tashqari Nyuark va Xarrison soatiga 20-30 poyezdning eng yuqori soatlik xizmati uchun har ikki-uch daqiqada poezd tomonidan xizmat ko'rsatiladi.[177]

2018 yilda, PATH 81,7 million yo'lovchini ko'rdi. 2019 yil iyun oyidan boshlab, the system is used by over 283,000 passengers per weekday; almost 105,000 per Saturday; 75,000 per Sunday; and 94,000 per holiday. The busiest station is World Trade Center, whose 46,000 average passengers per day is over 10 times the daily traffic of Christopher Street, the least busy station. Ridership in 2018 was down by around a million compared to 2017,[1] but it was still nearly a record for PATH operation, having increased 10 million from 2013.[178]

These levels of ridership notwithstanding, PATH runs at a deficit, losing about $400 million per year. While some of its recent improvements, particularly in Harrison, have spurred mahalliy rivojlanish, it cannot benefit from that directly as the Port Authority is limited to the revenue it makes from the fees, fares and tolls it collects, with the state and local governments collecting the sales, income and property taxes arising from development. Its costs are correspondingly increased by having to comply with FRA regulations. PATH is thus subsidized by the Port Authority from surpluses at its airports and seaports.[178]

Xizmatlar

The PATH system has 13.8 miles (22.2 km) of route mileage, counting route overlaps only once.[179] During the daytime on weekdays, four services operate:[177]

Between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. Monday to Friday, and all-day Saturday, Sunday, and holidays, PATH operates two train services:[177]

Prior to 2006, Hoboken–World Trade Center and Journal Square–33rd Street services were offered on Saturday, Sunday, and holidays between 9:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. In April 2006, these services were indefinitely discontinued at those times and replaced with the Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken) service.[180] During off-peak hours, passengers wanting to travel from Hoboken to Lower Manhattan were told to take the Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken) service to Grove Street and transfer to the Newark–World Trade Center train.[177]

PATH does not normally operate directly from Newark to Midtown Manhattan. Passengers wanting to travel from Newark to Midtown via PATH are told to transfer to the Journal Square-33rd Street service at Journal Square or Grove Street.[177] However, after both the September 11 attacks and Hurricane Sandy, special Newark–33rd Street services were operated to compensate for the complete loss of service to Lower Manhattan.[181][130] An intrastate Journal Square–Hoboken service was also operated after the attacks.[117] The Journal Square–Hoboken and Newark–33rd Street services instituted after the attacks were canceled by 2003.[181]

From July to October 2018, because of PTC installation on the Uptown Hudson Tubes, the Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken) service was suspended on most weekends.[182] In the meantime, it was replaced by the Journal Square–World Trade Center (via Hoboken) and the restored Journal Square–Hoboken services, since all stations between Christopher and 33rd Streets were closed during the weekends.[154][155]

Lengths of trains on all lines except the Newark–World Trade Center line are limited to seven cars, since the platforms at Hoboken, Christopher Street, 9th Street, and 33rd Street can only accommodate that many and cannot be extended.[183] The Newark–World Trade Center line can accommodate eight-car trains. In 2009, the Port Authority started upgrading platforms along that line so that it could accommodate 10-car trains.[151]

  • Map of the PATH system (regular service)

  • Map of the PATH system (late-night hours and on weekends/holidays)

  • To-scale map of the PATH system

Station listing

There are currently 13 active PATH stations:[177]

ShtatShaharStantsiyaXizmatlarOchildiAloqalar[177]Izohlar
Nyu-YorkNyu York33-ko'cha     XOB-33
     JSQ – 33		1910 yil 10-noyabr[31]NJ tranzit, Long Island temir yo'l yo'li, Amtrak (da Nyu-York Penn Stantsiyasi )
NYC Metro: B, ​D., ​F, <F>, ​M​, N, ​Q, ​RvaV poezdlar
NYCT Bus, MTA Bus[177]
28-chi ko'chaYopiq1910 yil 10-noyabr[31]Closed September 24, 1939 when the 33rd Street station was extended southward.[184]
23-ko'cha     XOB-33
     JSQ – 33		1908 yil 15-iyun[25]NYC Metro: F, <F>vaM poezdlar
NYCT Bus[177]
19-chi ko'chaYopiqFebruary 25, 1908[22]Closed August 1, 1954 after the southbound platform lost its only exit,[55] in order to accelerate service[185]
14-ko'cha     XOB-33
     JSQ – 33		February 25, 1908[22]NYC Metro: 1, ​2, ​3​, F va <F>, ​LVa MPoezdlar
NYCT Bus[177]
9-ko'cha     XOB-33
     JSQ – 33		February 25, 1908[22]NYC Metro: A​, B​, C​, D.​, E​, F, <F>Va M poezdlar
NYCT Bus[177]
Kristofer ko'chasi     XOB-33
     JSQ – 33		February 25, 1908[22]NYC Metro: 1 va2 poezdlar
NYCT Bus[177]
Hudson TerminalYopiq1909 yil 19-iyul[26]Closed in 1971 when service opened to World Trade Center.[186]
Jahon savdo markazi     NWK-WTC
     HOB-WTC		1971 yil 6-iyul[73]NYC Metro: 2, ​3​, 4, ​5​, A, ​C, ​E​, J​, N, ​R, ​V, Z, 1va E poezdlar
NYCT Bus, MTA Bus[177]		Closed from September 11, 2001 to November 23, 2003.[187]
Closed on most weekends (except holidays) in 2019 and 2020 due to repair work; NWK-WTC service curtailed to Exchange Place during closures[134]
NJXobokenXoboken     HOB-WTC
     XOB-33		February 25, 1908[22]NJ tranzit, Metro-Shimoliy
Gudson-Bergen yengil temir yo'li
NJT avtobusi
Nyu-York suv yo'li[177]
Jersi SitiNewport     HOB-WTC
     JSQ – 33		August 2, 1909[27]Gudson-Bergen yengil temir yo'li
NJT avtobusi, Akademiya avtobusi[177]		Originally a station for the Eri temir yo'li. Formerly known as Pavonia/Newport until 2011
Almashish joyi     NWK-WTC
     HOB-WTC		1909 yil 19-iyul[26]Gudson-Bergen yengil temir yo'li
NJT avtobusi, A & C avtobusi[177]		Will serve as eastern terminus of NWK-WTC services on most weekends through 2020 due to repair work in Downtown Hudson Tubes[134]
Grove ko'chasi     NWK-WTC
     JSQ – 33		1910 yil 6 sentyabr[29]NJT avtobusi, R&T Bus, A & C avtobusi[177]Originally Grove-Henderson Streets
Jurnal maydoni     NWK-WTC
     JSQ – 33		1912 yil 14-aprel[23]:2NJT avtobusi, R&T Bus, A & C avtobusi[177]Originally Summit Avenue[23]:2
XarrisonXarrison     NWK-WTC1937 yil 20-iyun[54]NJT avtobusi[177]Originally one and a half blocks north (opened March 6, 1913[23]:3)
Manhattan TransferYopiq1911 yil 1 oktyabr[32]Closed in 1937 when the H&M was realigned to Newark Penn Station
NyuarkNyuark     NWK-WTC1937 yil 20-iyun[54]Amtrak, NJ tranzit, Newark Light Rail
NJT avtobusi, ONE avtobus[177]		Replacement for Park Place and Manhattan Transfer stations
Park joyiYopiq1911 yil 26-noyabr[33]Closed in 1937 when the H&M was realigned to Newark Penn Station

All terminals (33rd Street, Hoboken, World Trade Center, Journal Square and Newark) are compliant with the ADA, as are Harrison, Exchange Place, Grove Street, and Pavonia/Newport. Harrison was made fully accessible in 2019.[188] The only non-accessible stations are the four intermediate stations on the Manhattan side of the Uptown Tubes–Christopher Street, 9th Street, 14th Street and 23rd Street.[189]

Panoramic view of the 33rd Street station

Narxlar

Shuningdek qarang: New York City transit fares

The Port Authority charges a single flat fee to ride the PATH system, regardless of distance traveled. 2019 yil 1-noyabr holatiga ko'ra, a single PATH ride is $2.75; two-trip tickets are $5.50; 10-trip, 20-trip, and 40-trip cards charge $2.50 per trip; a single-day unlimited, $10.00; a seven-day unlimited, $34.50; and a 30-day unlimited, $106. A senior SmartLink costs $1.25 per trip.[190][191][192] Single ride tickets are valid for two hours from time of purchase.[193] While some PATH stations are adjacent to or connected to Nyu-York metrosi, Newark Light Rail, Gudson-Bergen yengil temir yo'li va NJ Transit commuter rail stations, there are no free transfers between these different, independently run transit systems.[194]

Tarix

Tier-based fares

The H&M used a tier-based fare system where a different fare was paid based on where the passenger was traveling. For instance, prior to September 1961, an interstate fare to or from all stations except Newark Penn Station was 25 cents, while an intrastate fare was 15 cents. That month, the interstate fare was increased to 30 cents, and the intrastate fare to 20 cents. A fare to or from Newark Penn, regardless of the origin or destination point, was 40 cents because the station's operations were shared with the Pennsylvania Railroad at the time.[195] Under Port Authority operation, the PATH fare to and from Newark was lowered in 1966, standardizing the interstate fare to 30 cents.[196] The intrastate fare of 15 cents was doubled in 1970, resulting in a yagona narx butun tizim uchun.[197]

Tokenlar

PATH fares were paid with brass tokens starting in 1965. The Port Authority ordered 1 million tokens in 1962 and bought a half-million more in 1967. The Port Authority discontinued the sale of tokens in 1971 as a cost-cutting measure, since it cost $900,000 a year to maintain the token fare system. The agency replaced the turnstiles in its stations with new ones that accepted the 30-cent fare in exact change.[198]

QuickCards

A paper ticket called the QuickCard, introduced in June 1990,[199] was valid only on the PATH system. It stored fare information on a magnit chiziq.[200][201]

The QuickCard was replaced by the SmartLink card in 2008[202] as sales were phased out across the system and at NJ Transit ticket machines.[203][204] By late 2008, PATH had deactivated all turnstiles that accepted cash; they continued to accept the various cards.[204]

The QuickCard was replaced by SmartLink Gray, a non-refillable, disposable version of the SmartLink card. This card was sold at selected newsstand vendors and was available in 10–, 20– and 40–trip increments. Unlike regular SmartLink cards, SmartLink Gray cards had expiration dates. SmartLink Gray was itself discontinued in January 2016.[205]

Current payment methods

SmartLink

Asosiy maqola: SmartLink (smart-karta)

PATH's official method of fare payment is a smart card sifatida tanilgan SmartLink. The SmartLink was developed at a cost of $73 million, and initially was intended as a regional smart card that could be deployed on transit systems throughout the New York metropolitan area.[200] It was first made available in July 2007 at the World Trade Center.[206] The SmartLink can be connected to an online web account system allowing a cardholder to register the card and monitor its usage; it allows for an automatic replenishment system linked to a credit card account, wherein the card balance is automatically refilled when five trips remain (for multiple-trip cards) or five days (for unlimited-ride cards).[207]

MetroCard

SmartLink turnstiles at the WTC station accept both PATH SmartLink cards and MTA MetroCards.
Asosiy maqola: MetroCard

PATH fare payment may also be made using single-ride, two-trip, and pay-per-ride Metro kartalari, the standard farecard of New York's Metropolitan transport boshqarmasi (MTA).[208] The MetroCard is a magnetic stripe card, like the QuickCard. PATH riders paying their fare using MetroCard insert the card into a slot at the front of the turnstile, which reads the card and presents the MetroCard to the rider at a slot on the top of the same turnstile.[209] Other types of MetroCards, including unlimited-ride MetroCards, are not accepted on PATH.[210]

Plans for using the MetroCard on PATH date to 1996, when the Port Authority and MTA first considered a unified fare system. At the time, the MetroCard was still being rolled out on the MTA system, and more than 80% of PATH riders transferred to other modes of transportation at some point in their trip.[201] In November 2003, the Port Authority announced that the MetroCard would be allowed for use on PATH starting the following year.[119] The Port Authority started implementing the MetroCard on PATH in 2005, installing new fare collection turnstiles at all PATH stations. These turnstiles allowed passengers to pay their fare with a PATH QuickCard or an MTA Pay-Per-Ride MetroCard.[211] MetroCard vending machines are located at all PATH stations. The machines sell Pay-Per-Ride MetroCards; allow riders to refill SmartLink cards; and sell Single Ride PATH tickets for use only on the PATH system. There are two types of MetroCard vending machines: large machines, which sell both MetroCards and SmartLinks and accept cash, credit cards, and transit benefits cards; and small machines, which do not accept cash or sell PATH single-ride tickets but otherwise perform the same functions as the large vending machines.[192]

In 2010, PATH introduced a $4 two-trip card using the standard MetroCard form. All PATH stations, except for the uptown platforms at 14th and 23rd Streets, contain blue vending machines which sell this card. The front of the card is the standard MetroCard (gold and blue) but on the reverse it has the text "PATH 2-Trip Card", "Valid for two (2) PATH trips only" and "No refills on this card". The user must dispose of the card after the trips are used up because the turnstiles do not keep (or capture) the card as was done with the discontinued QuickCard.[192]

Kelajak

In June 2019, the Port Authority announced it was in talks with the MTA to implement the new OMNY fare payment system on PATH. Under the announced plan, OMNY would be available to PATH riders by 2022, with both SmartLink and MetroCard being phased out by 2023.[159]

Harakatlanuvchi tarkib

Joriy ro'yxat

The PA5 cars at Newark Penn Station
Interior of a PA5 car

2011 yildan boshlab, there is only one model, the PA5.[150] The cars are 51 feet (16 m) long by 9.2 feet (2.8 m) wide, a smaller yuk o'lchovi compared to similar vehicles in the US, due to the restricted tuzilish o'lchagichi through the tunnels under the Hudson River. They can reach 55 mph (89 km/h) in regular service. Each car seats 35 passengers, in longitudinal "bucket" seating, and can fit a larger number of standees in each car. PA5 cars have stainless steel bodies and three doors on each side. LCD displays above the windows (between the doors) display the destination of that particular train. The PA5 cars are coupled and linked into consists up to 8 cars long, with conductors' controls on all cars and engineers' cabs on the "A" (driving) cars; trains on the Newark–World Trade Center line will be lengthened to 10 cars as part of the line's 2010s upgrades.[212]

In 2005, the Port Authority awarded a $499 million contract to Kawasaki to design and build 340 new PATH cars under the PA5 order to replace the system's entire existing fleet.[2] With an average age of 42 years and some cars dating back as far as 1964, the fleet was the oldest of any operating heavy rail line in the United States. The Port Authority announced that the new cars would be updated versions of the MTA's R142A mashinalar. The first of these new cars entered revenue service in 2009;[213] all of them were delivered over the next two years.[150] The Port Authority exercised a subsequent contract for 10 additional PA5 cars, bringing the total to 350.[2]

As part of the fleet expansion program and signal system upgrade, the Port Authority had the option to order a total of 119 additional PA5 cars as the option order; 44 would be used to expand the NWK–WTC line to 10-car operation while the remaining 75 would be used to increase service frequencies after aloqa asosida poezdlarni boshqarish (CBTC) was implemented throughout the system by the end of 2018.[214] In December 2017, the Port Authority exercised an option to buy 50 extra PA5 cars for $150 million, for an ultimate total of 400 PA5 cars.[215][216] Subsequently, in July 2018, Kawasaki was awarded a $240 million contract to refurbish the 350 existing PA5 cars between 2018 and 2024. The contract also called for Kawasaki to build and deliver 72 new PA5 cars starting in 2021, for a total of 422 cars.[217][218]

The trains are stored and maintained at the Harrison Car Maintenance Facility in New Jersey, located east of the Harrison station. Another train storage yard exists east of the Journal Square station.[219] If the Newark Airport extension is built, a third train storage yard would be built at the airport.[176]

Harakatlanuvchi tarkibQurilgan yilQuruvchiAvtomobil tanasiCar numbersTotal builtIzohlar
PA52008–2012KavasakiZanglamaydigan po'lat5600–5864 (A cars)
5100–5219 (C cars)		340 base order
119 in fleet expansion option (10 A cars exercised so far;[220] 72 A and C cars in progress.[217])		"A" cars have cab units, "C" cars have no cabs[221]
Siemens SITRAC AC propulsion system, upgradable to CBTC signalling compatibility, 3 doors per side, prerecorded station announcements

Sobiq ro'yxat

PA4 at Journal Square Transportation Center
A PA1 model leaving the 14th Street station

Before the Port Authority takeover, the H&M system used rolling stock series that were given letters from A to J. All of these cars, except for the D and H series, were known as "black cars" for their color.[222][223][23]:6 There were a total of 325 cars in series A through J,[222] of which 255 were black cars.[23]:6 The first 190 cars, in classes A through C, were ordered for the initial H&M service and delivered in 1909–1911. The cars, which were built in seven modular segments, measured 48.25 feet (14.71 m) long with a loading gauge of 8.83 feet (2.69 m) and a height of 12 feet (3.7 m), with longitudinal seating and three doors on each side. They were ordered to the narrow specifications of the Hudson Tubes, and were light enough that they could be tested on the Second Avenue elevated in Manhattan, which could only support lightweight trains.[24]:2

Seventy-five cars in classes E through G were added in 1921–1923, allowing the H&M to lengthen train consists from six to seven cars each to eight. Although classes E-G had similar exterior dimensions to classes A-C, the E-G series had higher capacity, were heavier, and had substantially different window designs compared to the A-C series.[23]:6 The last order of black cars, the 20 cars in series J, was delivered in 1928.[23]:6–7 Many of the black cars remained in service from their inception until the H&M's bankruptcy in 1954. By that time, they required considerable maintenance.[223]

The PRR and H&M joint service comprised 40 cars in classes D and H, which were owned by the H&M, as well as 72 cars from the MP38 class, which were owned by the PRR.[222] Sixty MP38s and 36 Class D cars were delivered in 1911, when the service first operated.[7]:43[224] In 1927, an additional 12 MP38 cars were ordered under the MP38A classification, as well as four Class H cars.[222][23]:6 As a result of the different manufacturers and the long duration between the two pairs of orders, the Class D and MP38 cars' designs were noticeably different from the Class H and MP38A cars' designs.[23]:6–7 The red cars were branded with the names of both companies to signify the partnership.[225] The red cars suffered from corrosion and design defects, and were unusable by 1954.[223] All of the red and black car series were designed to be operationally compatible.[23]

The MP52 and K-class, which replaced the D-class and the 60 MP38s ordered in 1911, comprised an order of 50 cars. The 30 MP52s and 20 K-classes were purchased by the PRR and H&M respectively and delivered in 1958 in order to save money on maintenance.[222][226]

After the Port Authority took over operation of the H&M Railroad in 1962, it started ordering new rolling stock to replace the old H&M cars.[69] St. Louis Car built 162 PA1 cars in 1964–1965.[7]:101[68][69] St. Louis also built the PA2, a supplementary order of 44 cars, in 1966–1967.[7]:101[70] Hawker Siddeley built 46 PA3 cars in 1972.[7]:101[70] The 95 PA4s were built by Kawasaki og'ir sanoat in 1986–1987, replacing the K-class and MP52 series.[7]:101[227]

PA1, PA2, and PA3 cars had painted alyuminiy bodies, and two doors on each side. Back-lit panels above the doors displayed the destination of that particular train: HOB for Hoboken, JSQ for Journal Square, NWK for Newark, 33 for 33rd Street, and WTC for World Trade Center.[7]:81 In the mid-1980s, Kawasaki overhauled 248 of the 252 PA1-PA3 cars at their factory in Yonkers, Nyu-York, and repainted them white to match the PA4 cars then being delivered.[7]:81[227][228] PA4 cars had stainless steel bodies, and three doors on each side. Back-lit displays above the windows (between the doors) displayed the destination of that particular train.[7]:81 All four series were designed to be operationally compatible.[229] Although all four orders contained "A" cars with cabs at one end, the PA1 and PA2 orders also contained some "C" cars. Trains could comprise three to eight cars, but in order to operate, there had to be an even number of "A" cars in the consist, including one "A" car at each end.[183] All PA1-PA4 equipment was retired from passenger service by 2011.[150]

Harakatlanuvchi tarkibQurilgan yilYil nafaqaga chiqqanQuruvchiAvtomobil tanasiCar numbersTotal builtIzohlar[7]:101[23][24][222][224]
A19081955Pressed Steel va Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (black)200–24950
B19091964–1967Pressed Steelpainted steel (black)250–33990
C19101964–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (black)340–38950
D.19111958Pressed Steelpainted steel (red)701–73636
  • "Red cars" used in the H&M/PRR joint service and owned by the H&M.
  • Car 728 was wrecked at Hudson Terminal on August 23, 1937.[231]
MP3819111964–1967Pressed Steelpainted steel (red)1901–196060
  • "Red cars" used in the H&M/PRR joint service and owned by the PRR.
E19211966–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (black)401–42525
F19221966–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (black)426–45025
G19231966–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (black)451–47525
H19271966–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (red)801–8044
  • "Red cars" used in the H&M/PRR joint service and owned by the H&M.
MP38A19271966–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (red)1961–197212
  • "Red cars" used in the H&M/PRR joint service and owned by the PRR.
J19281966–1967Amerika avtoulovi va quyish zavodipainted steel (black)501–52020
MP5219581987Sent-Luis avtoulovi kompaniyasipainted aluminum and steel1200–122930
  • Replaced the D series.
  • Owned by PRR and used primarily in H&M/PRR joint service, later PATH service.
K19581987Sent-Luis avtoulovi kompaniyasipainted aluminum and steel1230–124920
  • Replaced the D series.
  • Owned by H&M and used primarily in H&M/PRR joint service, later PATH service.
PA11964–19652009–2011Sent-Luis avtoulovi kompaniyasibo'yalgan alyuminiy100–151 ("C" cars)
600–709 ("A" cars)		162 (110 cab units, 52 trailers)
  • Replaced most B–J class and MP38 cars.
  • "A" cars have cab units, "C" cars-trailers have no cabs, 2 doors per side.
  • 143 (trailer) at Trolley Museum of New York (Kingston).
  • Cars 139, 143, and 612 wrecked on September 11, 2001 (see below).
PA21966–19672009–2011Sent-Luis avtoulovi kompaniyasibo'yalgan alyuminiy152–181 ("C" cars)
710–723 ("A" cars)		44 (14 cab units, 30 trailers)
  • Replaced all remaining B–J class and MP38 cars.
  • "A" cars have cab units, "C" cars-trailers have no cabs, 2 doors per side
  • Car 160 wrecked on September 11, 2001 (see below).
PA319722009–2011Hawker-Siddeleybo'yalgan alyuminiy724–76946
  • All are cab units, 2 doors per side.
  • 745 at Shore Line Trolley Museum (BERA).
  • Cars 745 and 750 wrecked on September 11, 2001 (see below).
PA41986–19872009–2011KavasakiZanglamaydigan po'lat800–89495
  • Replaced K class and MP52 series.
  • All are cab units, 3 doors per side.
  • Car 845 wrecked on September 11, 2001 (see below).
  • Most in work service.

An eight-car PATH train was left under the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001; though six of the cars were destroyed, cars 745 and 143 were not positioned directly beneath the tower and survived the collapse relatively intact. These two cars were cleaned and placed in storage following the collapse while the remains of the rest of the train had been stripped of usable parts and scrapped. The cars were intended to be displayed in the 11 sentyabr milliy yodgorlik va muzeyi.[233] However, they were deemed too large to be displayed there; as a result, car 745 was instead donated to the Shore Line trolley muzeyi,[234] while car 143 was donated to the Nyu-Yorkning trolley muzeyi.[235]

FRA railroad status

PATH tomonidan ishlatiladigan, ammo Amtrakka tegishli bo'lgan Dok ko'prigining ko'rinishi
Ning ko'rinishi Dock ko'prigi, which is used by PATH but owned by Amtrak

While PATH operates as a typical intraurban heavy rail rapid transit system, it is legally a commuter railroad under the jurisdiction of the FRA, which oversees railroads that are part of the national rail network.[236] PATH's predecessor, the H&M, used to share trackage with the Pensilvaniya temir yo'li between the Hudson o'zaro bog'liqlik near Harrison and Journal Square. Chiziq ham Shimoli-sharqiy koridor yaqin Harrison stantsiyasi and also near Hudson tower.[7]:43–44 Though there is no longer any through-running of mainline intercity trains into PATH tunnels, FRA regulations still apply to PATH because PATH's right-of-way between Newark and Jersey City is very close to the Northeast Corridor.[237] PATH also shares the Dock ko'prigi near Newark Penn Station with Amtrak and NJ Transit.[238]

While PATH operates under several grandfather waivers, it still must meet requirements not applied to other American rapid transit systems, such as the proper fitting of grab irons to all PATH rolling stock, installation of PTC, and compliance with the federal railroad xizmat soatlari qoidalar. Additionally, all PATH train operators must be federally certified lokomotiv muhandislari, and the agency must conduct more detailed safety inspections than other rapid transit systems. These requirements increase PATH's per-hour operating costs relative to other rapid transit systems in the New York City and Philadelphia areas. For instance, it is three times more expensive to operate than the Nyu-York metrosi despite having only a fraction of the latter system's length and ridership. The PANYNJ has sought to switch its regulator to the Federal tranzit ma'muriyati, which oversees rapid transit, but the FRA has insisted that safety concerns require PATH to remain under its purview; alternatively, it has considered transferring PATH to NJ Transit.[219]

Ommaviy axborot vositalari va ommaviy madaniyat

PATH management has two principal passenger outreach initiatives: the "PATHways" newsletter, distributed for free at terminals, as well as the Patron Advisory Committee.[239][240]

Media restrictions

2015 yil dekabr holatiga ko'ra, PATH regulations state that all photography, filmmaking, videotaping, or creations of drawings or other visual depictions within the PATH system is prohibited without a permit and supervision by a PATH representative.[241]:17 According to the rules, photographers, filmmakers, and other individuals must obtain permits through an application process.[241]:18 Although it has been suggested that the restriction was put in place due to terrorism concerns, the restriction predates the September 11 attacks.[242]

View from the front of a Newark-bound train, 1997

According to New Jersey newspaper Hudson Reporter, this ban excludes members of the general public who want to take pictures, and the photography and filmography ban only applies for commercial or professional purposes. The general public is allowed to take pictures of PATH stations and all other Port Authority facilities except in secure and off-limits areas.[242] There have been decisions from the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Oliy sudi stating that casual photography is covered by the Birinchi o'zgartirish; The sud amaliyoti aralashtiriladi. Under the law PATH employees may not force a casual photographer to destroy or surrender their film or images, but confiscations and arrests have occurred. Litigation following such confiscations or arrests have generally, but not always, resulted in charges being dropped and/or damages awarded.[243]

Tunnel decoration

On trains bound for Newark or Hoboken from World Trade Center, a short, zoetrop -like advertisement was formerly visible in the tunnel before entering Exchange Place. There was another similar advertisement, visible from 33rd Street-bound trains between 14th and 23rd Streets near the abandoned 19th Street station.[244]

Every year, around Thanksgiving, PATH employees light a decorated Rojdestvo daraxti at the switching station adjacent to the tunnel used by trains entering the Pavonia/Newport station. This tradition started in the 1950s when a signal operator hung a string of Christmas lights in the tunnel. While PATH officials were initially concerned about putting up decorations in the tunnel, they later acquiesced and the tradition continued. After the September 11 attacks, a backlit U.S. flag was put up beside the tree as a tribute to the victims.[245]

Ommaviy madaniyatda

PATH trains and stations have occasionally been the setting for music videos, commercials, movies, and TV programs. Masalan, Oq chiziqlar "uchun video"Tugmachaga eng qiyin tugma " was filmed at 33rd Street.[246] Additionally, the premiere for 19-mavsum ning Qonun va tartib: maxsus qurbonlar bo'limi was filmed in the World Trade Center station.[247] The PATH system is also often used as a stand-in for the New York City Subway,[248] kabi John Wick: Chapter 2 where it was portrayed as "Broad Street bog'langan Z train ".[249]

Katta hodisalar

Train collisions

  • On August 31, 1922, two H&M trains collided in heavy fog at Manhattan Transfer, injuring 50 people, eight of them seriously.[250]
  • On July 22, 1923, another collision near Manhattan Transfer killed one person and injured 15 others.[251]
  • On January 16, 1931, a seven-car H&M train derailed a switch and collided with a wall at 33-ko'cha, injuring 19 passengers.[252]
  • On August 22, 1937, a 5-car H&M train crashed into a wall at Hudson Terminal, injuring 33 passengers.[253]
  • On November 26, 1938, 22 passengers were injured when an H&M train sideswiped a PRR engine in Kerni, east of the former Manhattan Transfer station.[254]
  • On October 16, 1962, 26 people were injured in a crash between two H&M trains at Hudson Terminal.[255]
  • On July 23, 1963, a PATH train collided with a PRR engine east of Harrison, killing two passengers and injuring 28 more.[256][257]
  • On April 26, 1942, a six-car H&M train derailed at Almashish joyi. Five people were killed and 222 more were injured. A subsequent investigation found that the motorman was intoxicated.[258]
  • On December 17, 1945, a seven-car H&M train collided with a steel barrier on the Dock ko'prigi g'arbda Xarrison, killing the motorman and injuring 67 passengers.[259]
  • On December 13, 1958, an H&M train rear-ended another one at Jurnal maydoni, injuring 30 passengers, none seriously.[260]
  • On January 11, 1968, a rear-end accident at Journal Square injured 100 of the approximately 200 combined passengers on the two trains, 25 of them seriously.[261]
  • On October 21, 2009, a PATH train crashed into a bamper bloki at the end of the platform at 33-ko'cha. Approximately 13 of the 450 people on board suffered minor injuries; two crew members and five passengers were hospitalized. An investigation by the Port Authority determined that the cause was human error.[262]
  • On May 8, 2011, a PATH train crashed into a bumper block at Xoboken terminali, injuring 34 people;[263][264] the PANYNJ said the train came in too fast.[265]
  • On October 10, 2019, a PATH train derailed and collided with the platform at Newark Penn Station. No one was on the train at the time.[266][267]

Boshqa hodisalar

  • A train near Exchange Place caught fire on June 3, 1982, injuring 28 people.[268]
  • Part of the ceiling at Journal Square fell onto the platform on August 9, 1983, killing two and injuring 12.[269][270] A subsequent investigation found that the ceiling collapse had occurred due to the station's poor design, bad supervision procedures during construction, and inadequate maintenance.[271]
  • In July 2006, an alleged plot to detonate explosives in the Downtown Hudson Tubes (initially said to be a plot to bomb the Holland tunnel ) was uncovered by the Federal qidiruv byurosi. According to officials, this plan was unsound due to the strength of both tunnels, as well as various restrictions in both the Holland Tunnel and the PATH system. Three of the eight planners were arrested.[272]
  • On January 7, 2013, an escalator at Exchange Place suddenly reversed itself, resulting in five injuries. After the incident, all of the escalators in the PATH system were inspected.[273][274]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

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Bibliografiya

  • Brennan, Jozef. "Tashlab qo'yilgan bekatlar".
  • Karleton, Pol (1990). Hudson va Manxetten temir yo'li qayta ko'rib chiqildi. D. Karletonning temir yo'l kitoblari.

Tashqi havolalar

Yo'nalish xaritasi:

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