Inverness - Inverness - Wikipedia

Inverness Inbhir Nis Inerness
Inverness shahri
Inverness qasri
Inverness Highland Council hududida joylashgan joy Highland xaritasini ko'rsatish Inverness Shotlandiya ichida joylashgan joy Shotlandiya xaritasini ko'rsating
Koordinatalari: 57 ° 28′40 ″ N. 4 ° 13′29 ″ V / 57.4778 ° shimoliy 4.2247 ° Vt / 57.4778; -4.2247Koordinatalar: 57 ° 28′40 ″ N. 4 ° 13′29 ″ V / 57.4778 ° shimoliy 4.2247 ° Vt / 57.4778; -4.2247
Mahalliy hokimiyat	Tog'li tog '
Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti	Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey
Shotlandiya parlamenti	Saylov okrugi: Inverness va Nairn Hudud: Tog'li va orollar
Mamlakat	Shotlandiya
Suveren davlat	Birlashgan Qirollik
Birinchi joylashdi	Milodning VI asridan oldin
Qirollik xartiyasi	Milodiy 12-asr
Shahar holati	2000
Maydon
• er	28,8 km2 (11,1 kvadrat milya)
• shahar	52,0 km2 (20,1 kvadrat milya)
Aholisi (2019)[1]
• Shahar	64,350
• Shahar	76,896
• Shaharlarning zichligi	1500 / km2 (3,800 / sqm mil)
• til (lar)	Ingliz tili Shotlandiya Gael
Demonim (lar)	Invernesian
Pochta indeksi	IV1-3
Hudud kodlari	01463

Inverness (/ɪnvarˈnɛs/ (tinglang); dan Shotland galigi: Inbhir Nis [iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ], ma'nosi "Og'izning og'zi" Ness daryosi "; Shotlandiya: Ichki) shahardir Shotland tog'lari. Bu ma'muriy markaz Tog'lar kengashi^[2] va ning poytaxti sifatida qaraladi Tog'lar. Tarixiy jihatdan u tuman shaharchasi bo'lib xizmat qilgan okrug ning Inverness-shire. Inverness ikkita muhim jang maydonlari yonida joylashgan: 11-asr jang Blaar nam Fènne qarshi Norvegiya bo'lib o'tdi havo va 18-asr Kulden jangi bo'lib o'tdi Kulden Mur.^[3] Bu eng shimoliy shahar Birlashgan Qirollik va ichida yotadi Buyuk Glen (Gleann Mòr) uning shimoliy-sharqiy qismida Ness daryosi ga kiradi Moray Fert. Eng oxirida, tomonidan aholi punkti tashkil etilgan 6-asr birinchi qirollik xartiyasi Dabid mac Mail Choluim tomonidan berilgan (Shoh Dovud I ) 12-asrda. Gallar qiroli Mac Betad Mac Findláich (Makbet 11-asrda o'ldirilgan Qirol Dunkan ichida abadiylashtirildi Shekspir asosan o'ylab topilgan o'yin Makbet, o'zi boshqargan shahar ichida qal'ani egallagan Moray va Rossning Mormaeri.^[4]

Inverness aholisi 2001 yilda 40 969 kishidan 2012 yilda 46 969 kishiga o'sdi Jahon aholisi sharhi.^[5] Buyuk Inverness hududi, shu jumladan Kulden va Westhill, 2012 yilda 56969 kishi bo'lgan. 2018 yilda 69.696 nafar aholi bo'lgan.^[6] Inverness - Evropaning eng tez rivojlanayotgan shaharlaridan biri,^[7] tog 'aholisining chorak qismi atrofida yoki atrofida yashashi bilan,^[8] va Britaniyaning 189 shahri ichida beshinchi o'rinni egalladi hayot sifati, har qanday Shotlandiya shahridan eng balandi.^[9] Yaqin o'tmishda Inverness tez iqtisodiy o'sishni boshdan kechirdi: 1998 yildan 2008 yilgacha Inverness va boshqa tog'li markaziy mintaqalar Shotlandiyada bir kishiga o'rtacha iqtisodiy mahsuldorlikning eng katta o'sishini va umuman Buyuk Britaniyada ikkinchi eng katta o'sishni ko'rsatdi. o'sish 86 foizni tashkil etdi.^[10] Inverness bitta nemis shahri bilan qo'shni, Augsburg va ikkita frantsuz shahri, La Baule va Sent-Valeriy-en-Koks.^[11]

Inverness kolleji uchun asosiy kampus hisoblanadi Tog'lar va orollar universiteti.^[12] Taxminan 8420 talabasi bo'lgan Inverness kolleji tog'li va orollar universiteti talabalarining to'rtdan bir qismiga va daraja bo'yicha o'qiyotganlarning 30 foiziga to'g'ri keladi.^[13]

2014 yilda ko'chmas mulkka oid veb-sayt tomonidan o'tkazilgan so'rovda Inverness Shotlandiyaning eng baxtli joyi va Buyuk Britaniyada ikkinchi eng baxtli joy sifatida tasvirlangan.^[14] 2015 yilda o'tkazilgan yangi tadqiqot natijasida Inverness yana Shotlandiyaning eng baxtli joyi deb topildi.^[15]

Tarix

17-asr oxirida Inverness

Inverness shaharning asosiy tayanchlaridan biri bo'lgan Piktogrammalar va milodiy 569 yilda tashrif buyurgan Sankt-Kolumba konvertatsiya qilish niyatida Xushbichim shoh Brude, kim yashashi kerak edi vitriflangan qal'a kuni Kreyg Fadrig,^[16] shaharning g'arbiy chekkasida. A 93 oz (2,9 kg) 500-800 yillarga tegishli kumush zanjir janubdan topilgan Torvean 1983 yilda.^[17] Cherkovni yoki rohiblarning hujrasini Sent-Maykl tog'ida, hozirgi daryoning yaqinidagi tepalikda, hozirgi Kelt rohiblari tomonidan tashkil etilgan deb o'ylashadi. Eski Oliy cherkov^[18] va qabriston. Inverness qal'asi tomonidan qurilgan deyiladi Shotlandiyalik Mael Koluim III (Malkom III) U qasrni yer bilan yakson qilgandan keyin Mac Betad mac Findláich (Makbet) ancha keyingi an'ana bo'yicha, Mael Coluimning otasini o'ldirgan Donnchad (Dunkan I) va shimoliy-sharqda 1 km atrofida tepalikda joylashgan.

Invernessning strategik joylashuvi bu hududda ko'plab mojarolarga olib keldi. 11-asrning boshlarida Norvegiya qiroli Malkolm va Torfinn o'rtasida shaharning janubi-g'arbida joylashgan Blar Nam Feynda taniqli jang bo'lib o'tdi.^[19]

Invernessda to'rtta an'anaviy yarmarka, shu jumladan Legavrik yoki "Let-Gheamhradh", ya'ni midwinter va Faoilleach degan ma'noni anglatadi. Arslon Uilyam (1214-yilda vafot etgan) Invernessga to'rtta nizomni bergan, ulardan biri tomonidan tuzilgan a qirol burgi. Tomonidan tashkil etilgan Dominikan friaryidan Aleksandr III 1233 yilda shahar markazi yaqinidagi tanho qabristonda faqat bitta ustun va eskirgan ritsarning mahorati saqlanib qolgan.

Invernessning gravyurasi Shotlandiyadagi sayohat tomonidan Tomas Pennant, 1771.

O'rta asr Invernessi muntazam reydlarga duch kelgan G'arbiy orollar, ayniqsa, MacDonald tomonidan Orollar lordlari XV asrda. 1187 yilda Domnall Ban (Donald Ban) orolliklarni Torveandagi gubernatorning o'g'li Donnchad Mac An Toisich (Dunkan Mackintosh) boshchiligidagi Inverness qal'asidagi odamlarga qarshi jangda boshchiligida.^[20] Ikkala etakchi ham jangda halok bo'lgan, Donald Ban katta dafn etilgani aytiladi cairn daryo yaqinida, kumush zanjir topilgan joyga yaqin.^[21] Mahalliy urf-odatlarga ko'ra, fuqarolar qarshi kurashgan Klan Donald 1340 yilda Invernessning shimolidagi Drumderfit tepaligidagi Blernakoy jangida Beauly Firt.^[22] Yo'lda Harlav jangi 1411 yilda, Islaylik Donald o'n olti yil o'tgach, shaharni bezovta qildi Jeyms I shimoliy boshliqlari chaqirilgan qasrda parlament o'tkazgan, ulardan uchtasi qirolning buyrug'iga qarshi chiqqanligi uchun hibsga olingan. Klan Munro mag'lub Mackintosh klani 1454 yilda Clachnaharri jangi shaharning g'arbiy qismida.^[23] Klan Donald paytida va ularning ittifoqchilari qasrga bostirib kirishdi Rossga hujum 1491 yilda.

1562 yilda, Xantli qo'zg'olonini bostirish uchun olib borilayotgan ishlar davomida, Shotlandiya malikasi Meri, ichiga kirish rad etildi Inverness qal'asi graf guruhiga mansub gubernator tomonidan va keyinchalik u osishga sabab bo'lgan. The Klan Munro va Lovat klani Frayzer uning uchun qal'ani oldi.^[24] Bu orada u yashagan uy 1970-yillarga qadar ko'prik ko'chasida joylashgan bo'lib, u ikkinchi ko'prik ko'chasini rivojlantirishga yo'l ochish uchun buzib tashlangan.

Shaharning o'sha paytdagi shimoliy chegaralaridan tashqarida, Oliver Kromvel 1000 kishini sig‘dira oladigan qo‘rg‘on qurdirgan, ammo qo‘rg‘onlarning bir qismi bundan mustasno, u buzilgan. Qayta tiklash. Omon qolgan yagona zamonaviy qoldiq soat minorasi.

Inverness, High Street, Town House

Invernessda rol o'ynagan Yakobit 1689 yilda ko'tarilgan. May oyining boshlarida u kontingent tomonidan qamal qilingan Yakobitlar Keppochlik MacDonell boshchiligida. Shahar aslida qutqarilgan Viskonti Dandi, yakobitlarning umumiy qo'mondoni, u asosiy yakobit qo'shinlari bilan kelganida, garchi u Invernessdan sodiqligini talab qilsa ham Qirol Jeyms VII.^[25]

1715 yilda Yakobitlar barak sifatida qirol qal'asini egallab olgan. 1727 yilda hukumat birinchisini qurdi Fort-Jorj bu erda, lekin 1746 yilda u yakobitlarga taslim bo'ldi va ular uni portlatdilar.^[26] Kulden Mur yaqinda joylashgan va uning joylashgan joyi bo'lgan Kulden jangi 1746 yilda tugagan 1745-46 yillarda yakobit ko'tarildi.

The Rose Street burg'ulash zali taxminan 1908 yilda yakunlangan.^[27]

1921 yil 7 sentyabrda birinchi Britaniya Vazirlar Mahkamasi Londondan tashqarida bo'lib o'tadigan uchrashuv qachon Town House-da bo'lib o'tdi Devid Lloyd Jorj, ta'tilda Gairloch, Irlandiyadagi vaziyatni muhokama qilish uchun favqulodda yig'ilish chaqirdi. Ushbu uchrashuvda tuzilgan Inverness formulasi asos bo'ldi Angliya-Irlandiya shartnomasi.

Toponimika

Inverness va uning bevosita ichki hududlari juda ko'p miqdordagi gal tilidagi joy nomlariga ega, chunki bu hudud 19-asrning oxirigacha gallar tilida gaplashib kelgan.^[28]

Inverness atrofida an'anaviy ravishda shifobaxsh xususiyatlarga ega deb hisoblangan bir necha buloqlar mavjud. Fuaran Dyorg, "Qizil bahor" deb tarjima qilingan, a chalybeate Dochgarroch yaqinida joylashgan buloq. Fuaran a 'Chladaich Bunchrew yaqinidagi ("Sohildagi buloq") ga bir paytlar qirg'oqdan o'tish yo'li bor edi. Yuqori to'lqin ostida cho'kib ketgan bo'lsa-da, u pufakchani davom ettiradi va an'anaviy ravishda vabo davolash bilan mashhur edi. Fuaran Allt an Ionnlaid ("Yuvish qudug'i") Clachnaharry-da, bu erda Montrose markasi Suterlandda qo'lga olinishidan Edinburgda qatl etilishigacha bo'lganida, ichishga ruxsat berilgan, teri kasalliklarini davolash bilan mashhur edi. Clachnaharry-da, Fuaran Priseag ("Qimmatbaho quduq") Sankt-Kessok tomonidan marhamatlangan va zaif va og'riqli ko'zlarni davolashi, shuningdek, kumush tanga taklif qilinsa, yovuzlik va qalqon la'natlarni chiqarib yuborishi mumkinligi aytilgan. Tobar na h-Oige ("Yoshlar qudug'i") Kullenden yaqinida joylashgan va barcha kasalliklarni davolash bilan mashhur bo'lgan. Fuaran a 'Chragan Bhreag ("Chaqaloq toshning qudug'i") Kreyg Dundain va yaqinida joylashgan Fuaran na Kapaich ("Keppoch qudug'i") Kullenden yaqinida joylashgan.^[29]

Invernessda Munlochining uyi ham bor Klooti.^[30]

Gal ismining o'zi bo'lsa ham, Kreyg Fadreyg muqobil ravishda sifatida tanilgan Larax va Taigh Mxiryoki "Buyuk uyning joyi".^[31] "Gael tilidagi bir nechta joy nomlari, xususiyati olib tashlangani yoki unutilganligi sababli, endi eskirgan. Drochaid an Easain Duibh ("Kichkina qorong'i sharshara yonidagi ko'prik"), ertakda eslatib o'tilgan Aonghas Mur Thom na h-Iubhraich agus na Sithichean ("Tomnaxurichning buyuk angusi va peri") hali Inverness va Slag nam Méirleach ("Qaroqchilarning ichi bo'sh" degan ma'noni anglatadi), Xolmdagi Dores yo'lining yonida endi ishlatilmayapti. 19-asrning oxiriga qadar Ness daryosining delta og'zida to'rtta midiya to'shagi mavjud edi: Phraig Mhòir bosh terisi ("Buyuk Patrikning bosh terisi"), Rinach ("Muhrlar joyi"), Uisge-ni maydalang ("Suv yuragi") va Bosh terisi nan Caorach ("Qo'ylarning bosh terisi") - bu midiya ko'rpa-to'shaklari baliq ovlash kemalari va kemalariga kirish uchun yaxshiroq olib tashlandi.^[32]

Allt Muineach (Ticket daryosi) endi Culcabock atrofi va Millburn aylanasi o'rtasida yer ostidan o'tadi. Loch Gorm (Turkuaz Loch), Morrisons supermarketining yonida joylashgan kichik dengiz lochasi, 19-asrda to'ldirilgan va faqat Lochgorm ombori nomi bilan yashaydi. Abban ko'chasi so'zdan kelib chiqadi oban, suvning kichik bir kanalini anglatuvchi mahalliy gal shevasi so'zi.

Inverness atrofidagi ko'plab taniqli fikrlar gal tilidagi nomlarni to'liq saqlaydi.

• Bayn Bxudhe Bheag - "Kichik sariq tepalik"
• Baynn Uan - "Qo'zi tepaligi"
• Cnoc na Mòine - "Torf tepasi"
• Cnoc na Gaoithe - "Shamol tepasi"
• Cnoc an t-Semair - "Xona tepasi"
• Liag - "Kulrang Crag"
• Creag nan Sidhean - "Peri Crag"
• Doire Mhur - "Buyuk Oakwood"
• Carn a 'Bhodaich - "Cholning Cairn"
• Meall Mòr - "Buyuk tepalik"

Mustamlakachilik davrida Gael tilida so'zlashuvchi turar-joy nomi berilgan Yangi Inverness yilda tashkil etilgan McIntosh okrugi, Gruziya, Inverness va uning atrofidan ko'chib kelganlar tomonidan. Chet elliklar bu nomni aholi punktlariga berishgan Kvebek, Yangi Shotlandiya, Montana, Florida, Illinoys va Kaliforniya. Inverness nomi shuningdek bir xususiyatga berilgan Miranda, Uran sayyorasining oyi, shuningdek, balandligi 2637 m bo'lgan tog ' Britaniya Kolumbiyasi, Kanada.^[33] Inverness taxalluslari bilan ham tanilgan Inversnecky yoki Sneck, uning aholisi bilan an'anaviy ravishda tanilgan Clann Na Cloiche ("Gal bolalaridagi tosh bolalari") Klaach Na Kudayn toshining shahar tarixidagi ahamiyati tufayli.

Aholisi

The Shotlandiyaning milliy yozuvlari Invernessni A9 g'arbidagi shahar hududi deb belgilang. Qishloqlarni o'z ichiga olgan katta Inverness raqamini yaratish Balloch, Kulden, Smitton va Westhill, har bir joy uchun NRS ko'rsatkichlarini yig'ish kerak.^[6]

Geografiya

Inverness og'zida joylashgan Ness daryosi (bu yaqin atrofdan oqib keladi Loch Ness ) va janubi-g'arbiy uchida Moray Fert. Shahar oxirida joylashgan Buyuk Glen Loch Ness, Loch Ashie va Loch Duntelchaig g'arbda. Invernessniki Kaledoniya kanali shuningdek Loch Nessni bog'laydigan Buyuk Glen orqali o'tadi, Loch Oich va Loch Lochy.

The Ness orollari, jamoat bog'i, ko'priklar bilan bog'langan ikkita o'rmon orollaridan iborat va 1840-yillardan beri dam olish joyi sifatida ishlatilgan.^[49] Kreyg Fadreyg Qadimgi Gal va Piktish tepaliklari 240 m (790 fut)^[50] o'rmonli er orqali aniq yo'lda sayr qilishni taklif qiladigan tepalik.

Inverness yotadi Buyuk Glen xatosi. Odatda har 3 yilda bir marta mahalliy aholi tomonidan sezilmaydigan mayda zilzilalar mavjud. Ta'sir qilingan oxirgi zilzila^[51] Inverness 1934 yilda bo'lgan.^[52]

Inverness panoramasi Huntli ko'chasi bilan Greig-St ko'prigiga qarab pastga qarab (chapda) Ness daryosi va Bank ko'chasi (o'ngda)

Inverness panoramasi Qora orol, bilan Moray Fert chapga va Kessok ko'prigi markazda

Manzil

Iqlim

Ko'pchilik singari Birlashgan Qirollik, Invernessda an bor okean iqlimi (Köppen: Cfb).^[53] Invernessda rekord darajada qor to'planishi 2010 yil qishda 36 sm (14 dyuym) ni tashkil etdi^{[iqtibos kerak ]}. Bu erdagi iqlim Buyuk Britaniyaning janubiy qismlariga qaraganda ancha sovuq. 2006 yilning iyulida va 2018 yil iyunida qayd etilgan eng yuqori harorat 29,7 ° C (85,5 ° F), eng past harorat esa 2010 yil yanvarida -18,7 ° C (-1,7 ° F) ni tashkil etdi. Odatda yilning eng iliq kuni ko'tariladi 25 ° C atrofida (77 ° F) va eng sovuq tun -11 ° C (12 ° F) atrofida tushadi.^[54] Ushbu hududdagi iqlim yuqori va past harorat o'rtasidagi kichik farqlar bilan tavsiflanadi^{[tushuntirish kerak ]}, shuningdek, yil davomida etarli miqdordagi yog'ingarchilik.

Sog'liqni saqlash

Raigmore kasalxonasi Inverness va butun tog 'mintaqasidagi asosiy kasalxonadir.^[58] Hozirgi kasalxona 1941 yildan beri urush davri bo'limlarini almashtirib 1970 yilda ochilgan.^[59]

Raigmore universitetlari uchun o'quv shifoxonasi Aberdin va Stirling. Sog'liqni saqlash fanlari markazi (CfHS) kasalxonaning orqasida joylashgan. Bu moliyalashtiriladi Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Shotlandiya Ijroiya boshqarmasi va Jonson va Jonson. Buning I bosqichi 2007 yil boshida ochilgan, II bosqich va III bosqich uy-joy bilan Diabet instituti 2009 yilda ochilgan. Stirling universiteti Raigmore kasalxonasidan CfHS ga enagalar va onalarni o'qitish bo'yicha operatsiyalarni olib borgan. The Tog'lar va orollar universiteti Sog'liqni saqlash fakulteti orqali ham Markaz bilan mustahkam aloqalar mavjud.

Iqtisodiyot

Inverness High Street ko'chasi Cherkov ko'chasiga qarab

Kabi an'anaviy sanoatning aksariyati distillash dizayni va ishlab chiqarish kabi yuqori texnologiyali korxonalar bilan almashtirildi diabet diagnostika to'plamlari. Highlands and Islands Enterprise Sog'liqni saqlash fanlari markazini asosan ushbu hududga tibbiy va tibbiy buyumlar biznesida ko'proq biznes jalb qilish uchun mablag 'ajratgan.^[60] Inverness uyi Shotlandiya tabiiy merosi homiyligi ostida ushbu jasad Edinburgdan ko'chib ketganidan keyin Shotlandiya hukumati markazsizlashtirish strategiyasi. SNH ushbu sohada ko'plab ish o'rinlarini taqdim etadi.

Invernessning ko'rinishi port 1999 yilda

Inverness City Center daryoning sharqiy qirg'og'ida joylashgan bo'lib, shaharning g'arbiy tomoni bilan uchta yo'l ko'prigi - Ness ko'prigi, Friars ko'prigi va Qora (yoki Vaterloo) ko'prigi va shaharning osma oyoq ko'priklaridan biri bilan bog'langan; The Greig ko'chasi ko'prigi.^[61] An'anaviy shahar markazi High Street, Church Street va Academy Street bilan chegaralangan uchburchak bo'lib, uning ichida Union Street va Queensgate High Street bilan parallel ko'ndalang ko'chalardir. Union Street va Queensgate o'rtasida Viktoriya bozori joylashgan bo'lib, u juda ko'p kichik do'konlarni o'z ichiga oladi.^[62] Asosiy Inverness temir yo'l stantsiyasi deyarli to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bozorga Akademiya ko'chasi kirish qismida. 1970-yillardan boshlab Eastgate savdo markazi High Street-ning sharqida ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, 2003 yilda qurilishi nihoyasiga etkazilgan.

Ta'lim

Shaharda bir qator turli xil ta'lim ta'minotchilari mavjud. Invernessda o'nga yaqin boshlang'ich maktablar, shu jumladan Bun-sgoil Ghaidhlig Inbhir Nis, joylashgan ixtisoslashtirilgan muassasa Slackbuie. 5 ta umumta'lim maktabi mavjud: Inverness o'rta maktabi, Inverness Qirollik akademiyasi, Charleston akademiyasi, Millburn akademiyasi va Kullden akademiyasi. Bundan tashqari, mavjud Inverness kolleji Maktabni tugatgan yoshdagi va undan yuqori yoshdagi o'quvchilarga qo'shimcha va yuqori ta'lim kurslarini taklif etadi. Shaharda Raigmore kasalxonasi yonida yangi Sog'liqni saqlash fanlari markazi ham mavjud.

Tog'lar va orollar universiteti

Inverness kolleji, UHI

Inverness kolleji shaharda joylashgan va uning bir qismidir Tog'lar va orollar universiteti, a federatsiya 15 dan kollejlar va ilmiy-tadqiqot muassasalari ichida Tog'li va orollar ning Shotlandiya etkazib berish Oliy ma'lumot.

Yangi Business R&D va akademik talabalar uchun rejalar kollej bilan bir muncha vaqtdan beri hozirgi Longman saytida Beechwood fermasidagi yangi Inverness kampusida yangi binoga ko'chirilgan.

Yangi talabalar shaharchasining 1-bosqichini rejalashtirish dasturi Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) Tog'lar Kengashi tomonidan 2010 yil may oyida qabul qilingan. 2009 yil boshida taqdim etilgan butun er egaligi uchun dastlabki reja tuzish to'g'risidagi ariza jonli bo'lib qolmoqda. Ushbu dastur kelgusi o'ttiz yil ichida rivojlanish istiqbollarini shakllantiradi. Arizaga quyidagilar kiradi:

• O'quv binolari - 70480 m gacha²
• Biznes va inkubatsiya bo'linmalari - 49 500 m gacha²
• Yopiq sport majmuasi - 9000 m gacha²
• Talabalar va boshqa qisqa muddatli yashash joylari - 44 950 m²
• Bog'liq landshaft, ochiq maydon, ochiq dam olish, infratuzilma va rivojlanish bosqichlarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun zarur bo'lgan xizmatlar
• 200 ga yaqin turar joy
• Ijtimoiy korxonalar tomonidan boshqariladigan mehmonxona^[63][64]

Invernessdan A9 janubida joylashgan Beechwood shahridagi 80 gektarlik (200 gektarlik) kampus mintaqa uchun keyingi 20 yil ichida eng muhim o'zgarishlardan biri hisoblanadi. UHI direktori Jeyms Freyzerning aytishicha: "Bu" Inverness "ga universitet yotoqxonasi va jonli talabalar hayotini ta'minlaydigan eng yirik rivojlanishdir. Bu shaharga va tog'li va orollarga katta ta'sir ko'rsatadi. UHI - bu sheriklik butun mintaqadagi kollejlar va tadqiqot markazlari va har qanday sherikning rivojlanishi butun muassasaga kuch keltiradi. "^[65]

Hisob-kitoblarga ko'ra, yangi kampus Tog'lar iqtisodiyotiga 50 million funtdan ko'proq mablag 'qo'shishi mumkin, chunki u tadqiqot va ishlanishga qiziqqan innovatsion tijorat korxonalarini jalb qilishi mumkin, shu bilan birga shahar ichida tahsil olayotgan talabalar sonini 3000 ga ko'paytiradi.^[66]

Transport

Inverness bilan bog'langan Qora orol Moray Firth bo'ylab Kessok ko'prigi. Unda Temir yo'l stansiyasi^[67] bilan Abellio ScotRail xizmatlar Pert, Edinburg, Glazgo, Aberdin, Thurso, Fitna va Kayl of Lochalsh. Inverness ulangan London Euston tomonidan Kaledoniyalik shpal, bu haftada olti marta va London Shimoliy Sharqiy temir yo'li operatsiya qilingan Tog'lar boshlig'i ga London Qirol Xoch har kuni ishlaydigan.

Uch magistral yo'l Invernessni Shotlandiyaning qolgan qismi bilan bog'laydi: A9 shimoldan Torso va Vikka, shuningdek janubdan Pertga va Markaziy kamar, A82 Fort-Uilyam orqali Glazgoga va A96 Elgin va Aberdinga.

Inverness avtovokzali

Inverness avtovokzali

Inverness avtovokzali Farraline Parkda joylashgan bo'lib, unga Akademiya ko'chasi va Margaret ko'chasidan kirish mumkin. Avtovokzal tomonidan boshqariladi Tog'lar kengashi va masofadan bir oz uzoqlikda joylashgan Inverness temir yo'l stantsiyasi va asosiy savdo maydoni.

Mavjud avtovokzalni buzishga 2000 yilda ruxsat berildi. 2000 yil boshlarida u yangi terminal binosiga almashtirildi.

Avtovokzalning asosiy operatorlari kiradi Invernessdagi stagecoach va Lochaberdagi Stagecoach. Avtobuslar Inverness shahri atrofidagi avtovokzaldan ishlaydi Inverness aeroporti va iloji boricha uzoqroq joylarga Fort Uilyam, Ullapool, Thurso va Aberdin.

Megabus va Shotlandiya Citylink Shotlandiya poytaxtiga muntazam murabbiylar xizmatini olib boradi Edinburg ga ulanishlar bilan Glazgo da Pert.

National Express murabbiylari kecha xizmatini Invernessdan to to London (Viktoriya) Edinburg orqali 15 soat 5 daqiqa davom etadi.^[68]

A Stagecoach Highlands Invernessdagi avtobus, 1999 y

Stagecoach Highlands ning bo'linishi Stagecoach guruhi Stagecoach tomonidan qabul qilinganidan keyin Rapson Group-ning sobiq operatsiyalarining aksariyat qismini qamrab oladi va Stagecoach guruhining quyidagi omborlarini qamrab oladi.

• Fort Uilyam (Ardgour Road, Caol) (t / a.) Lochaberdagi stagecoach)
• Kirkvol (Scott's Road Hatston Industrial Estate) (t / a.) Orkneydagi stagecoach)
• Portri (Park yo'li) (t / a Skaydagi stagecoach)
• Thurso (Janet ko'chasi) (t / a Caithness-dagi mo''jiza)

Turli xil stantsiyalar qamrab olingan hududning qishloq tabiati tufayli bo'linish maydoni ustidan.

Amaliyot Aviemore depo Sharqiy Shotlandiya bo'limi tarkibiga kiradi, chunki u savdo qiladi Invernessdagi stagecoach.

Inverness magistral yo'l aloqasi

A96 ni "Inverness" va "o'rtasida" o'tkazish uchun rejalar mavjud Nairn ikki tomonlama qatnov qismiga va shaharning janubi-g'arbiy qismida joylashgan Torvean hududida Kaledoniya kanali va Ness daryosining o'tish joylarini o'z ichiga olgan A9, A82 va A96 ni bir-biriga bog'laydigan janubiy o'tish yo'lini qurish.^[69]

Aylanasi sifatida tanilgan bypass Inverness magistral yo'l aloqasi (TRL), Invernessning transport muammolarini hal qilishga qaratilgan va ikkita alohida loyihaga, ya'ni sharq va g'arbiy qismlarga bo'lingan. Sharqiy qism mavjud Janubiy Distribyutorni A9 va A96 bilan bog'laydigan yangi yo'ldan foydalanib, ikkalasi ham bir-biridan ajratilgan almashinuv yo'llari yordamida taniqli tirbandlikka ega bo'lgan Inshes Roundabout-ni aylanib o'tadi. Ushbu yangi bog'langan yo'l, avval aytilganidek, Inshes aylanasini aylanib o'tib, strategik trafikni mahalliy trafikdan ajratib turadi, shuningdek West West Seafield chakana savdo va biznes parkida yangi rivojlanish bo'yicha takliflarni qabul qiladi, shuningdek, yangi UHI talabalar shaharchasini yaratadi.

G'arbiy qismida daryo va kanalni kesib o'tishning ikkita varianti ishlab chiqilgan. Yuqori darajadagi vertikal ochiladigan ko'prikni o'z ichiga olgan, bu kanallar harakatining katta qismini ochilmasdan o'tishi mumkin. Ikkinchisi daryo ustidagi ko'prik va kanal ostidagi suv o'tkazgichni o'z ichiga olgan. Ushbu ikkala dizayn ham texnik jihatdan murakkab va loyihada ishtirok etgan asosiy manfaatdor tomonlar tomonidan batafsil ko'rib chiqilgan. Oxir oqibat, daryo ustidagi ko'prik va kanal ostidagi tunnel eng yaxshi variant, garchi qimmatroq bo'lsa ham, qaror qilindi.^[70]

2008 yil oxirida Shotlandiya hukumati kelgusi 20 yil ichida transport rejasiga to'liq Inverness bypassini kiritmaslik to'g'risida qarama-qarshi qaror qabul qildi. Hukumatning Strategik transport loyihalarini ko'rib chiqishda marshrutning sharqiy qismi ham bor edi, u erda A96 Inshesdagi A96 A96 bilan bog'langan bo'ladi.

Kaledoniya kanali va Ness daryosidan doimiy o'tishni o'z ichiga oladigan TRLning g'arbiy qismida yo'qligi, shaharning kelajakdagi iqtisodiy o'sishi uchun juda muhim deb hisoblaydigan Invernessdagi bir qancha tog'li kengashlari va korxona rahbarlari orasida norozilikni keltirib chiqardi.^[71]

A9 South-ning yangilanishi

Kessok ko'prigida oqshom

2008 yil oxirida Shotlandiya hukumatining keyingi 20 yilga mo'ljallangan transport rejasi e'lon qilindi. Bu rejalashtirilgan yaxshilanishlarni keltirib chiqaradi A9 iqtisodiyotni rag'batlantirish va ish joylarini himoya qilish maqsadida.

Umumiy qiymati 8,5 million funt sterling bo'lgan ishlar amalga oshirildi Mayli, Karbridj va Bankfoot. Moyda ham, Karrbridjda ham shimoldan o'tib ketadigan yo'llar yaratildi va qatnov qismi qayta tiklandi. Moy-da birlashma yaxshilandi.

2011 yil noyabr oyida Shotlandiya hukumati Pertdan Invernessgacha bo'lgan yo'lni ikki tomonlama qatnov qismigacha yangilashini e'lon qildi. Ushbu loyiha bo'yicha ishlar 2015 yilda boshlanishi kutilmoqda, 2025 yilda 3 milliard funt sterling sarflanadi.^[72]

2013 yil iyul oyida Shotlandiya hukumati Pert va Inverness o'rtasida A9 ga o'rtacha tezlik kameralarini o'rnatish rejasini e'lon qildi. Bu yo'lda baxtsiz hodisalar va odam o'limini kamaytirish maqsadida amalga oshirildi va bu Shotlandiyada ikkinchi doimiy o'rtacha tezlikni kameralar sxemasi bo'ladi.^[73]

Inverness porti

The Inverness porti ning og'zida joylashgan Ness daryosi. U to'rtta quayga ega va yiliga 300 dan ortiq kemalarni qabul qiladi.

Inverness aeroporti

Inverness aeroporti^[74] shaharning shimoli-sharqidan 13 km (8,1 milya) shimoliy-sharqda joylashgan va London, shu jumladan Buyuk Britaniya bo'ylab aeroportlarga reyslarni amalga oshirgan, "Manchester", Belfast va Shotlandiyaning shimoliy va g'arbiy qismidagi orollar, shuningdek, Evropaga bir qator reyslar. Loganair ishlash Saab 340 va Saab 2000 yil yo'nalishlarida samolyotlar Benbekula, Dublin, Kirkvol, Stornuey va Sumburgh. EasyJet uchun Airbus samolyotlarini boshqarish London Gatvik kuniga uch marta, Luton kuniga ikki marta va Bristol. British Airways ga kunlik xizmat ko'rsatishni amalga oshiradi London Xitrou va KLM ga kunlik xizmatni boshqarish Amsterdam.

Hukumat

Mahalliy hokimiyat

Inverness avtonom edi qirol burgi va tuman shaharchasi uchun Inverness grafligi (shuningdek, nomi bilan tanilgan Inverness-shire ) 1975 yilgacha, qachon mahalliy hukumat okruglar va burglar ostida, bekor qilindi Mahalliy hukumat (Shotlandiya) to'g'risidagi qonun 1973 yil, ikki darajali foydasiga viloyatlar va tumanlar va unitar orollar kengashi hududlari. Keyinchalik qirol burgi yangi sakkizta tumanlardan biri bo'lgan Inverness tumaniga singib ketdi Tog'lar kengashi mintaqa. Yangi tuman qirol burgini, okrugning Inverness tumanini va maydonni birlashtirdi Havo tumanning tumani. Qolgan okrug tog 'mintaqasidagi boshqa yangi tumanlar o'rtasida bo'linib ketgan G'arbiy orollar. Shuning uchun, garchi qirol burgidan ancha kattaroq bo'lsa-da, yangi Inverness tumani okrugdan ancha kichik edi.

1996 yilda, ostida Mahalliy hukumat va boshqalar (Shotlandiya) 1994 yilgi qonun,^[75] tumanlar tugatilib, viloyat a unitar kengash maydoni. Yangi unitar Tog'lar kengashi ammo, sobiq tumanlarning hududlarini kengashni boshqarish sohasi sifatida qabul qildi va yaratdi hududiy qo'mitalar har birining vakili. Inverness qo'mitasi 80 ta Highland Kengashidan 23 nafari vakili bo'lgan palatalar, har bir uchastka bittadan saylaydi maslahatchi tomonidan postdan oldin saylov tizimi. 1999 yilda palata chegaralariga o'zgartirishlar kiritilishi natijasida boshqaruv maydoni va qo'mita chegaralari uzilib qoldi. 2007 yilda palata chegaralari yana o'zgardi va kengash boshqaruv zonalari uchta yangi korporativ boshqaruv maydonlariga almashtirildi.

2007 yilda palata chegarasi o'zgargan Mahalliy boshqaruv (Shotlandiya) to'g'risidagi qonun 2004 yil,^[76] 22 ta Highland Council palatalarini yaratdi, ularning har biri uchta yoki to'rtta maslahatchilarni saylaydi bitta o'tkaziladigan ovoz saylov tizimi, shaklini ishlab chiqarishga mo'ljallangan tizim mutanosib vakillik. Kengashchilarning umumiy soni bir xil bo'lib qoldi. Shuningdek, Inverness boshqaruv zonasi yangisiga birlashtirildi Inverness, Nairn va Badenoch va Strathspey yangi palatalarning to'qqiztasini qamrab olgan va 80 ta maslahatchidan 34tasini saylaydigan korporativ boshqaruv sohasi. Inverness hududi singari, yangi maydon ham avvalgisini o'z ichiga oladi Nairn boshqaruv sohasi va birinchisi Badenox va Strathspey boshqaruv sohasi. Korporativ maydon nomi ham a saylov okrugi, lekin chegaralar boshqacha.

Korxona hududida to'qqizta palataning ettitasini, Aird va Loch Ness palatalarini, Kuldenni va Arderier palatalarini, Inverness markaziy palatasini, Inverness Millburn palatasini, Inverness Ness tomoni palatasini, Inverness Southni qamrab olgan shahar boshqaruvi maydoni mavjud. palata va Inverness G'arbiy palatasi. Nairn and Cawdor palatasi va Badenoch and Strathspey palatasi korporativ maydonni to'ldiradi. Shahar boshqaruvi bo'limlari shahar qo'mitasida, shuningdek korporativ hududiy qo'mitalarda namoyish etilishi kerak.

Shahar holati

2000 yilda, shahar maqomi Inverness shaharchasiga berildi va patentlar xatlari Inverness viloyat qo'mitasi chaqiruvchisi tomonidan Tog'lar Kengashi tasarrufiga olingan.^[77][78] Ushbu xatlar 2000 yil mart oyida muhrlangan va ularga tegishli patent Inverness muzeyi va badiiy galereyasi,^[79] Inverness shahrini yarating, ammo chegaralari belgilangan biron bir joyga murojaat qilmang, bundan tashqari Inverness shahri ga havola sifatida qabul qilinishi mumkin burg Inverness. Mahalliy hukumat hududi sifatida burg bundan 26 yil oldin, 1975 yilda bekor qilingan va shu bilan birga Inverness grafligi burg uchun edi tuman shaharchasi. Shuningdek, ular sobiq okrugga yoki qirol burgiga tegishli emas.

Tog 'mintaqasi a sifatida yaratilgan mahalliy hokimiyatning ikki bosqichli hududi 1975 yilda va 1996 yilda unitar mahalliy hukumat hududiga aylandi. Viloyat sakkizta okrugdan iborat bo'lib, ulardan biri Inverness deb nomlangan. Tumanlarning barchasi unitar hududga birlashtirildi. Yangi mahalliy hokimiyat organi sifatida Tog'lar kengashi keyin tumanlarning hududlarini kengashni boshqarish sohasi sifatida qabul qildi. Menejment sohalari 2007 yilda uchta yangi korporativ boshqaruv yo'nalishlari foydasiga bekor qilindi. Kengash .ning katta qismini aniqladi Inverness, Nairn and Badenoch and Strathspey korporativ hududi Inverness shahar boshqaruv maydoni sifatida.^[80] Ushbu kengash tomonidan belgilangan shahar hududi o'z ichiga oladi Loch Ness Invernessning sobiq burgidan tashqari ko'plab shahar va qishloqlar.

2008 yil yanvar oyida ariza bilan murojaat qilish zirhli rulmanlar chunki Inverness shahri rad javobini berdi Lord Lion qurollar qiroli qurol berilishi mumkin bo'lgan yuridik shaxs yo'qligi sababli.^[81]

Parlament vakolatxonasi

Uchtasi mavjud parlament saylov okruglari bilan Inverness ularning nomlaridagi element sifatida:

• Bittasi okrug saylov okrugi ning Jamiyat palatasi ning Buyuk Britaniya parlamenti (Vestminster ), 2005 yilda yaratilgan:
  • Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey, hozirda Shotlandiya milliy partiyasi (SNP) parlament a'zosi (deputat) Dryu Xendri tomonidan vakili.
• Bir saylov okrugi Shotlandiya parlamenti (Holyrood ), 2011 yilda yaratilgan:
  • Inverness va Nairn, hozirda Shotlandiya milliy partiyasi Shotlandiya parlamentining a'zosi (MSP) Fergus Eving^[82]

Ushbu mavjud saylov okruglari samarali ravishda bo'linmalardir Tog'li tog ' kengash maydoni, ammo Vestminsterdagi saylovlar chegaralari Xolirod saylovlaridan farq qiladi. Holyrood saylov okruglari ham Tog'li va orollar saylov okrugi.

Tarixiy jihatdan oltita Vestminster okrugi bo'lgan:

• Bittasi burg saylov okrugi:
  • Inverness Burghs, 1708 yildan 1918 yilgacha
• Beshta okrug saylov okrugi:
  • Inverness-shire, 1708 yildan 1918 yilgacha
  • Inverness, 1918 yildan 1983 yilgacha
  • Inverness, Nairn va Lochaber, 1983 yildan 1997 yilgacha
  • Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber, 1997 yildan 2005 yilgacha
  • Ross, Skay va Inverness G'arb, 1997 yildan 2005 yilgacha

Inverness Burghs a burglar okrugi okrugi qamrab olgan parlament burglari Invernessdan, Fortrose, Forres va Nairn. Inverness-shire hech bo'lmaganda nominal ravishda qoplanadi Inverness grafligi minus Inverness parlament burgi. 1918 yilda yaratilganidek, Inverness okrug minusini qoplagan Tashqi hebrid ichiga birlashtirilgan maydonlar G'arbiy orollar okrugi. Inverness saylov okrugiga Invernessning sobiq parlament burgi kiritilgan. 1983 yilda yaratilgan Inverness, Nairn va Lochaber tog'larni qamrab olgan uchta saylov okrugidan biri edi mintaqa 1975 yilda tashkil topgan. 1997 yilda birinchi marta ishlatilganidek, Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber, and Ross, Skye va Inverness West West округlari tog'li hududni qamrab olgan uchta okrugdan ikkitasi edi. unitar kengash maydoni, 1996 yilda yaratilgan.

Shahzoda Endryu bilan assotsiatsiya

York knyazi shahzoda Endryu "Inverness grafligi" unvoni bilan tanilgan. 2019 yilda Inverness aholisi uni "shahzoda Endryu bizning go'zal shahrimiz bilan bog'lash noo'rin" deb, uni bu unvondan mahrum qilish uchun kampaniya boshladilar.^[83]

Xalqaro munosabatlar

Qarindosh shaharlar - qardosh shaharlar

• Augsburg, Bavariya, Germaniya
• La Baule-Escoublac, Pays de la Loire, Frantsiya^[84]
• Sent-Valeriy-en-Koks, Normandiya, Frantsiya

Madaniyat

Eden Court teatri

Inverness - bu muhim markaz bagpipe futbolchilar va sevishganlar, har sentyabrdan beri shahar mezbonlik qiladi Shimoliy uchrashuv. The Inverness pelerini, butun dunyo bo'ylab piperlar yomg'irda kiyadigan kiyim, albatta, Invernessda tikilmaydi.

Taqvimdagi yana bir muhim voqea - har yili o'tkaziladigan Inverness shahri Tog'li o'yinlar. Tadbir o'z ildizlarini zamonaviy davrda namoyish etilgan birinchi Tog'li O'yinlardan biriga borib taqalishi mumkin; 1822 yilda Shimoliy Uchrashuv Jamiyati a'zolari tomonidan sahnalashtirilgan haqiqiy tog 'o'yinlari. 1864 yilda Shimoliy Uchrashuv Jamiyati dunyodagi birinchi Highland Games stadioni - Shimoliy Uchrashuv Parkini qurdi. So'nggi Shimoliy Uchrashuv Tog'lar O'yinlari 1938 yilda bo'lib o'tgan va Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin har yili o'tkaziladigan tadbirni tashkil qilish uchun mas'uliyat 1948 yilda Bught Parkga ko'chib o'tgan shahar Kengashiga yuklangan. 2006 yilda Inverness Shotlandiyaning eng yirik tog'li o'yinlarini o'tkazdi. Iyul oyining ikki kunida 40 yoshdan oshgan og'ir vazn toifalari uchun magistrlar o'rtasidagi jahon chempionati bo'lib o'tadi. Magistrlar o'rtasidagi Jahon chempionati Qo'shma Shtatlardan tashqarida o'tkazilgan birinchi yil 2006 yil bo'lib, u butun dunyo bo'ylab Inverness hududiga ko'plab eng og'ir mashg'ulotlarni jalb qildi. Masters Jahon chempionati 2009 yilda uyga qaytish tantanalari doirasida o'tkazilganda qaytdi. 2010 yilda Inverness Siti tog'lari o'yinlari Shimoliy Uchrashuv Parkiga qaytdi, u erda hozirgi kungacha.

Invernessdagi asosiy teatr chaqiriladi Eden Court teatri. Aktrisa Karen Gillan teatr san'ati ta'limi bo'yicha elchidir. "Inverness" jamoasida tanilganligi uchun ham taniqli bo'lgan Chet ellik muallifning yangi seriyasi Diana Gabaldon.

Invernessda ikkita yozgi musiqa festivali bo'lib o'tadi, Rokness va Tartan yurak festivali, bu shaharga turli xil musiqalarni olib keladi.

BFBS UK Bases tarmog'ining bir qismi sifatida radioeshittirish 87.7FM da.

Inverness botanika bog'lari ichida joylashgan Bught Park ning g'arbiy qirg'og'idan bir necha daqiqa yurish Ness daryosi ga yaqin Ness orollari.^[85]

2007 yilda shahar mezbonlik qildi Highland 2007 yil madaniyati bayrami Tog'lar, shuningdek, og'ir tog 'o'yinlari bo'yicha Jahon chempionatlari (21 va 22 iyul) va quvurlar bo'yicha Evropa chempionatlari (28 iyul) bo'lib o'tadi.^[86] 2008 yil birinchisini ko'rdi Salom-Ix (Highlands International Comics Expo), held at the Eden Court teatri.^[87][88]

Inverness is the location of Makbet 's castle in Shakespeare's play.

Inverness Library is located in Farraline Park, housed in what was originally the Bell's school, designed by William Robertson in the Greek Revival style. The school was built with help from a £10,000 donation from Dr Andrew Bell in 1837.^[89]

Scottish Gaelic in Inverness

Dan foydalanish prepiratsiya in different Scottish Gaelic dialects throughout the Highlands, from 1 (strong) to 6 (absent). Preaspiration was used in the dialect of Inverness Gaelic and is still evident in both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness today.

Historically, Inverness had a solidly Shotland galigi speaking population, with the majority of the population having Gaelic as their first language. From approximately the end of the 19th century, following the 1872 Education Act, Inverness suffered a decline in the number of Gaelic speakers in line with the rest of the once Gaidhealtachd / Scottish Highlands. Despite the local dialect of Scottish Gaelic gradually falling out of use (although it continued to affect local English language dialect), the language is still spoken in other dialects and standardised forms. By the end of the 19th century, some rural areas to the south east of Inverness still had completely Gaelic speaking populations, such as Strath Dearn where almost 100% of the population were still Gaelic speaking.

1677: Inverness was described as "overwhelmingly" Gaelic speaking by the traveller Thomas Kirk.

1704: Close to 100% of the population was fluent in Gaelic with over 75% of the population only able to speak Gaelic.^[90] Edward Lhuyd published major work on Inverness Gaelic and after collecting data from between 1699 and 1700, his findings showed a distinct dialect in the area.^[91] The clear dialect of Inverness Gaelic was held in high regard by speakers of other forms, such as those from Lewis, Sutherland and Ross.^[92] Gaelic remained the principal language of Invernessians for the rest of the 18th century, despite growing pressure from outwith the Highlands in both political and social contexts.

1798: Thomas Garnett (Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the Royal Institution of Great Britain) observed that Inverness had become largely bilingual with Invernessians using Gaelic as the language of the home but English as the language of foreign trade – however, the older generation at the time generally only had the Gaelic. Speaking of those in the countryside immediately surrounding Inverness, Garnett stated that although in Inverness both Gaelic and English "are spoken promiscuously...the language of the country people is Gaelic."

1828: John Wood praised the standard of both the Gaelic and English spoken in Inverness stating that both languages were spoken with "utmost purity." He noted that children would casually flit between the two languages while playing, asking questions in Gaelic while receiving answers in English and vice versa.

1882: The Celtic Magazine, published in Inverness, complained that enumerators of the 1881 census who assessed whether families were Gaelic speaking, English speaking or both, had supplied false information. The magazine wrote that "whole families .... scarcely any member of whom can express the commonest idea intelligently in English – who are in every sense Gaelic-speaking people only – were returned by the enumerators as English-speaking."

1901: Inhabitants of Inverness voiced regret at the very swift decay of the native language in the short space of twenty years following a complete absence of bilingual education and disregard for Gaelic.^[93]

Inverness Gaelic Primary School, opened in 2007.

For its size, Inverness today still has a relatively high density of Gaelic speakers and a relatively lively Gaelic scene, making it one of the centres of the Shotlandiya Gael Uyg'onish davri. According to the 2011 census, 4.8% of residents of greater Inverness over age 3 speak Gaelic compared to 1.1% nationally. At 2,800 Gaelic speakers, only Greater Glasgow and Edinburgh have a higher absolute total.^[94] The number of Gaelic speakers has fluctuated over the last century. In 1881, the census reported 4,047 Gaelic speakers in Inverness (23.3% of the population) which by 1891 had risen to 6,356 speakers (30.47%).^[95] By 1901 this figure had dropped to 5,072 speakers (23.88%) of the population, from which it continued to drop to present day numbers through emigratsiya va til o'zgarishi.^[95] Shotland galigi is slowly re-appearing in the linguistic landscape, appearing on some signs around Inverness. Bun-sgoil Ghàidhlig Inbhir Nis, which opened in August 2007 offering primary school education through the medium of Gaelic, is nearing full capacity and was extended to allow for more pupils in August 2010.^[96] Bòrd na Gaidhlig, an organisation responsible for supporting and promoting the use of Scottish Gaelic, has its main office in Inverness.^[97] Other Gaelic related groups include the Inverness Gaelic Choir which has existed for over 70 years.^[98] Inverness also hosted the Royal National Mòd in 2014, a festival celebrating Gaelic culture.^[99]

Inverness has a unique accent of Scottish English. While the r's in most places in Scotland are tapped or rolled, in Inverness they are not. This has contributed to some considering the accent to be more akin to those of Ireland and the English West Country than those of Scotland. However, due to the overall decay of local accents across the United Kingdom, this is less prominent today than it once was.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Shahar manzarasi

Inverness qal'asi

Important buildings in Inverness include Inverness qal'asi, and various churches.

The castle was built in 1835 on the site of its medieval predecessor. Bu endi sheriff court.

Inverness sobori, bag'ishlangan Sent-Endryu, is a cathedral of the Shotlandiya yepiskop cherkovi va o'rindiq oddiy ning Moray, Ross va Kaitness yeparxiyasi. The cathedral has a curiously square-topped look to its spires, as funds ran out before they could be completed.

The oldest church is the Old High Church,^[100] on St Michael's Mount by the riverside, a site perhaps used for worship since Celtic times. The church tower dates from o'rta asr times, making it the oldest surviving building in Inverness. U tomonidan ishlatiladi Shotlandiya cherkovi congregation of Old High St Stephen's, Inverness,^[101] and it is the venue for the annual Kirking of the council, which is attended by local councillors.

St. Andrew's Cathedral on the banks of the Ness daryosi

There is no Catholic cathedral in the area as the Diocese's cathedral (Sent-Meri ) is at Aberdin, o'rindiq Aberdin yeparxiyasi. The Catholic population is served by two parish churches: St Mary's, Inverness founded in 1837, is the older of the two and the first Catholic church founded in Inverness since the Islohot.^[102] St Ninian's was built during the 1960s and 1970s.^[103]

Porterfild Qamoq, rasmiy ravishda HMP Inverness, serves the courts of the Highlands, Western Isles, Orkney Isles and Moray, providing secure custody for all hibsga olish prisoners and short-term adult prisoners, both male and female, who are segregated.^[104]

Long-distance walking hub

Inverness is connected to three long-distance footpaths:

• The Great Glen Way – connects to Fort Uilyam bo'ylab Buyuk Glen
• The John o 'Groats Trail – connects to John o 'Groats along the coast
• The South Loch Ness Trail – connects to Augustus Fort along the southeast side of Loch Ness

Sport

Kaledoniya stadioni, home of Inverness Kaledonian Thistle

The city is home to four futbol clubs that are recognised in the SFA Pyramid, though two are part of a league that hasn't been fully incorporated. Inverness Kaledonian Thistle was formed in 1994 from the merger of two Highland League clubs, Kaledoniya va "Inverness Thistle". "Caley Thistle" of the Shotlandiya chempionati da o'ynaydi Tulloch Kaledonian stadioni, and have proven themselves to be the dominant team in the highlands after winning the Shotlandiya kubogi and participating in the Evropa Ligasi in 2015, as well as many giant killings. The city's second football club, Klachnakuddin, o'ynaydi Tog'lar ligasi. "Inverness Athletic" became the third, joining the Shimoliy Kaledoniya futbol ligasi in 2016, with Loch Ness, becoming the 4th in 2020, after stepping up from Amateur Football. Inverness Citadel was another popular side which became defunct, but had its name revived. Inverness Siti ichida o'ynagan North Region Juniors and were formed in 2006, but folded in 2019.

Highland RFC mahalliy hisoblanadi regbi ittifoqi club that competes in the Shotlandiya milliy ligasi birinchi divizioni. It has enjoyed recent promotions in the past several years and continues to be a hub for rugby in the North of Scotland.

Shinty is an integral part of the Highlands and Islands. As the capital of the Highlands, Camanachd uyushmasi is based in Inverness and the city often hosts a wealth of Shinty finals such as the Camanachd kubogi Final (the pinnacle of Shinty) as well as the international game of Shinty and Irish hurling. Shunga qaramay Inverness Shinty Club not being particularly successful in recent years, some of the towns and villages that surround the city have been, such as Kiltarlity who are the home of Lovat Shinty klubi (recent winners of the MacTavish kubogi 2013) and Glen Urquxart.

Highland HC is the local hockey team, it consists of two men's teams, two ladies teams and a junior team.^[105] with both Men's & Ladies' 1st teams in Scottish National Division 2. The Men's 1st team successfully gained promotion from Scottish National Division 3 in 2011.^[106]

Inverness Blitz is a charity that promotes the development of Amerika futboli in Inverness and the surrounding area.^[107] Bught Park, located in the centre of Inverness is the finishing point of the annual Loch Ness Marathon and home of Inverness Shinty Club.

Yilda 2011, Inverness hosted professional golf bilan Scottish Open ustida Evropa safari, played at Castle Stuart the week before Ochiq chempionat.

Cricket is also played in Inverness, with both Highland CC and Northern Counties playing in the North of Scotland Cricket Association League and 7 welfare league teams playing midweek cricket at Fraser Park. Both teams have been very successful over the years.

Stock car racing was staged in Inverness circa 1973.

Inverness has a mixed basketball team, the Inverness Giants, who play exhibition games against local teams throughout the North and Islands.

Taniqli odamlar

• Laura Muir – World champion runner
• Charlie Christie – Footballer; career included playing for Seltik va Inverness Kaledonian Thistle
• Charles Fraser Mackintosh (Teàrlach Friseal Mac An Toisich) – lawyer, author and politician. Born and raised in Inverness and represented the Highlands in Westminster.^[108]
• Yvette Kuper – Work and Pensions Secretary in the Brown Cabinet,^{[tushuntirish kerak ]} was born in Inverness
• Don Kovi – Footballer, currently playing for Midlothianning yuragi
• Huntley Duff, kriketchi
• James Alexander Forbes – British Vice-Consul to Mexican California as well as the first British Consul to the American state of Kaliforniya
• Jeymi Gillan – Amerika futboli player for the NFL Klivlend Brauns
• Karen Gillan – Actress, best known as Emi Pond, the Doctor's Companion in Doktor kim va kabi Tumanlik ichida Galaktika posbonlari qatori Marvel kinematik olami.
• Donald McBane - Swordsman and author
• Elspet Grey - aktrisa
• Murray Grigor – Scottish film-maker
• Derri Irvin - Sobiq Lord Kantsler (under Toni Bler ); was born in Inverness
• Malkolm Jons – Musician; guitar player for Runrig
• Charlz Kennedi – Former leader of the Liberal-demokratlar; was born in Inverness
• Rassel Noks – Scottish professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour
• Kevin Makdonald – Former footballer who played for "Liverpul", and former caretaker first team coach at Aston Villa
• John A. Mackay – Presbyterian theologian, missionary, and educator
• Mary Macpherson – (Màiri Nic a' Phearsain) poet and political activist, "Great Mairi of the Songs" raised her children in Inverness, where she wrote much of her work.^[109]
• Jon McGinlay – Former footballer who played as a striker, most notably for Bolton Uanderers
• Juda vah Mitford Mitchell DD Shotlandiya cherkovi Bosh assambleyasining moderatori 1903 yilda
• Ethel Moir – Nursing orderly with Tashqi xizmat uchun Shotlandiya ayollar shifoxonalari
• Ali Smit – Author; born in Inverness in 1962
• Janob Tuxum – MacAcidhouse musician; born in Inverness on 7 January 1959
• General-mayor Duglas Uimberli —British Army officer, born in Inverness 16 August 1896, service in World War I and World War II
• Josephine Tey – Author; born in Inverness in 1896
• Connie Ramsay (born 1988), judoka^[110]

Adabiyotlar

Ushbu maqola hozirda nashrdagi matnni o'z ichiga oladi jamoat mulki: Chisholm, Xyu, nashr. (1911). "Inverness ". Britannica entsiklopediyasi. 14 (11-nashr). Kembrij universiteti matbuoti. 718-719 betlar.

Tashqi havolalar

Inverness Vikivoyajdan sayohat uchun qo'llanma Bilan bog'liq ommaviy axborot vositalari Inverness Vikimedia Commons-da

• Inverness kureri