Joker (belgi) - Joker (character) - Wikipedia

Joker
San'at tomonidan Aleks Ross
Nashr haqida ma'lumot
Nashriyotchi	DC komikslari
Birinchi ko'rinish	Botmon №1 (1940 yil 25-aprel)[1]
Tomonidan yaratilgan	Bill Barmoq Bob Keyn Jerri Robinson
Hikoyadagi ma'lumotlar
Jamoa aloqalari	Adolatsizlik ligasi Adolatsiz to'da
Taniqli taxalluslar	Qizil qalpoqcha[2]
Qobiliyatlar	Jinoyat boshqaruvchisi Mutaxassis kimyogar Qurollangan rekvizitlar va toksinlardan foydalanadi

The Joker a nazoratchi tomonidan yaratilgan Bill Barmoq, Bob Keyn va Jerri Robinson birinchi debyut sonida paydo bo'lgan hajviy kitob Botmon (1940 yil 25-aprel), tomonidan nashr etilgan DC komikslari. Jokerni yaratganligi uchun kredit bahsli; Keyn va Robinzon Jokerning dizayni uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmalariga oldilar va Fingerning yozgan hissasini tan oldilar. Garchi Joker o'zining paydo bo'lishi paytida uni o'ldirishni rejalashtirgan bo'lsa-da, u tahririyat aralashuvi bilan uni saqlab qoldi va bu belgi dushmanlik superqahramon Botmon.

Komikslar ko'rinishida Joker jinoyat ustasi sifatida tasvirlangan. Sifatida tanilgan psixopat buzuq, sadist hazil tuyg'usi bilan; belgi tomonidan tartibga solish javoban 1950-yillarning oxirida gofy prankster bo'ldi Komikslar kodeksining vakolati, 1970-yillarning boshlarida uning quyuq ildizlariga qaytishdan oldin. Batmanning dushmani sifatida Joker superqahramonning qotillikni o'z ichiga olgan aniq hikoyalarining bir qismi bo'lgan Jeyson Todd - ikkinchisi Robin va Batmanning palatasi - va Batmanning ittifoqchilaridan biri falaj, Barbara Gordon. Joker o'zining o'n yillik ko'rinishlarida turli xil kelib chiqishi haqida hikoyalarga ega edi. Eng ko'p uchraydigan voqea uning terisini oqartiradigan, sochlarini yashil va lablarini yorqin qizil rangga aylantiradigan kimyoviy chiqindilar idishiga tushishini o'z ichiga oladi; natijada buzilish uni aqldan ozdiradi. Shaxsiy va tashqi qiyofada Batmanning antitezi, Joker tanqidchilar tomonidan uning mukammal raqibi deb hisoblanadi.

Joker g'ayritabiiy qobiliyatlarga ega emas, buning o'rniga kimyoviy muhandislik bo'yicha tajribasidan foydalanib, zaharli yoki o'limga olib keladigan aralashmalar va tematik qurollarni ishlab chiqaradi, shu jumladan ustara uchi o'yin kartalari, halokatli quvonchli shov-shuvlar va kislota sepadigan lapel gullari. Joker ba'zan boshqalari bilan ishlaydi Gotham Siti kabi nazoratchilar Pingvin va Ikki yuzli, va adolatsizlik to'dasi va adolatsizlik ligasi kabi guruhlar, ammo bu munosabatlar Jokerning cheklanmagan betartiblik istagi tufayli ko'pincha qulaydi. 1990-yillarda Joker uchun uning sobiq psixiatriga romantik qiziqish uyg'otdi, Xarli Kvinn, uning yovuz tarafdoriga aylanib, keyinchalik qochib ketgan haqoratli munosabatlar u bilan. Garchi uning asosiy obsesyoni Batman bo'lsa-da, Joker boshqa qahramonlar bilan ham kurashgan, shu jumladan Supermen va Ajoyib ayol.

Ommabop madaniyatning eng mashhur belgilaridan biri bo'lgan Joker eng buyuk komikslar yovuzlari va xayoliy personajlari qatoriga kiritilgan. Qahramonning mashhurligi uning turli xil savdo-sotiqlarda, masalan, kiyim-kechak va kollektsion buyumlarda paydo bo'lishiga, haqiqiy dunyodagi tuzilmalarga ilhom berishiga (masalan, tematik parkning diqqatga sazovor joylari) va bir qator ommaviy axborot vositalarida havola etilishiga sabab bo'ldi. Joker, 1960-yillarni o'z ichiga olgan jonli, animatsion va video o'yinlarda Batmanning dushmani sifatida xizmat qilishga moslashtirildi. Botmon o'ynagan teleseriallar Sezar Romero va filmlarida Jek Nikolson yilda Botmon (1989), Xit Ledjer yilda Qora ritsar (2008) va Xoakin Feniks yilda Joker (2019); Ledjer va Feniksning har biri birdan daromad oldi Akademiya mukofoti ularning tasvirlari uchun. Mark Hamill, Troy Beyker va boshqalar personajning ovozini animatsiyadan tortib video o'yinlarga qadar ta'minladilar.

Yaratish va rivojlantirish

Kontseptsiya

(chap) Jerri Robinson Jokerning 1940 yilgi kontseptsiyasi eskizi. (to'g'ri) Aktyor Konrad Veidt Gvinplayn singari xarakterda Kulgan odam (1928). Veidtning jilmaygan ko'rinishi Joker dizaynini ilhomlantirdi.

Bill Barmoq, Bob Keyn va Jerri Robinson Jokerni yaratgan deb hisoblanadilar, ammo ularning personaj kontseptsiyasi haqidagi hisobotlari har xil bo'lib, har biri voqealarning o'z versiyasini taqdim etadi. Finger, Keyn va Robinzonning versiyalari Finger aktyor obrazini yaratganligini tan oladi Konrad Veidt 1928 yilgi filmda Gvinplayn (yuzi buzilgan, unga abadiy tabassum qiladigan odam) rolida Kulgan odam Jokerning paydo bo'lishi uchun ilhom manbai sifatida va Robinson a-ning eskizini yaratdi joker o'yin kartasi.^[2][3]

Robinson bu 1940 yilgi karta eskizida bu personajning kontseptsiyasi bo'lib xizmat qilganini va Finger Veidtning tasviri bilan bog'liqligini ta'kidladi.^[2] Keyn 17 yoshli Robinzonni o'zining illyustratsiyasi bilan bezatilgan oq ko'ylagi ichida Robinoni ko'rgandan keyin uni 1939 yilda yordamchi sifatida yollagan.^[4] A sifatida boshlanadi xat va fon siyohi bilan Robinson tezda yangi yaratilganlarning asosiy rassomiga aylandi Botmon komikslar turkumi. 1975 yilgi intervyusida DC komikslarining hayratlanarli dunyosi, Robinson osongina yo'q qilish uchun mo'ljallangan odatdagi jinoyat lord yoki gangsterni emas, balki Batmanni sinovdan o'tkazadigan eng buyuk yovuz odamni xohlashini aytdi. U ekzotik, doimiy xarakterni Batman uchun doimiy mojaro manbai sifatida istagan (o'zaro munosabatlarga o'xshash) Sherlok Xolms va Professor Moriarti ), shafqatsiz, ammo klounlik yomon odamni loyihalash.^[5][6][7] Robinzonni yovuzlar qiziqtirgan; u ba'zi belgilar qarama-qarshiliklardan iborat bo'lib, Jokerning hazil tuyg'usiga olib keladi deb hisoblagan. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu ism birinchi bo'lib, keyin u tez-tez qo'lida bo'lgan pastki qavatdagi kartochka tasviri: "Men kimdirni vizual tarzda hayajonlantirmoqchi edim. Men o'chmas taassurot qoldiradigan, g'alati, esda qolarli odamni xohlardim. The Notr-Damning kambag'alligi yoki noyob jismoniy belgilarga ega bo'lgan har qanday boshqa yovuz odamlar ".^[8] U Fingerga o'z kontseptsiyasi haqida telefon orqali gapirib berdi, keyinchalik uning Joker o'yin kartalarining dizayniga aylanadigan narsaning xarakteri va tasvirlari eskizlarini taqdim etdi. Barmoq bu tushunchani to'liq emas deb o'ylardi va Veidt qiyofasini dahshatli va doimiy ravishda taqdim etdi riktus kulish.^[5]

Keyn Robinzonning eskizini Finger Gvinplayn obrazini Keynga ko'rsatib bo'lgandan keyingina ishlab chiqarilganiga va u faqat Jokerga ilk ko'rinishlarida Jokerga tegishli karta dizayni sifatida ishlatilganiga qarshi chiqdi.^[3] Barmoq, u ham tasvirdan ilhomlanganligini aytdi Qarama-qarshi park da Koni oroli u Jokerning boshiga o'xshardi, u eskizini tuzdi va keyinchalik bo'lajak tahririyat direktori bilan o'rtoqlashdi Karmin Infantino.^[9] 1994 yilda jurnalist bilan suhbatda Frank Lovece, Keyn o'z pozitsiyasini bildirdi:

Bill Finger bilan men Jokerni yaratdik. Bill yozuvchi edi. Jerri Robinzon menga Jokerning o'yin kartasini olib keldi. Men buni shunday xulosa qilaman. [Joker] Konrad Veidtga o'xshaydi - bilasizmi, aktyor Kulgan odam, [1928 yil roman asosida film] muallifi Viktor Gyugo. ... Bill Fingerda Konrad Veydtning fotosurati bo'lgan kitob bor edi va menga ko'rsatib, "Mana Joker" dedi. Jerri Robinzonning bunga umuman aloqasi yo'q edi, lekin u har doim uni o'lganiga qadar yaratganligini aytadi. U o'yin kartasini olib keldi, biz uni [Joker] o'yin kartasi sifatida ishlatish uchun bir necha marta ishlatganmiz.^[10][11]

Robinzon Jokerning yaratilishida o'zini, Finger va Keynni ishongan. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, u Batmanning hayotidan kattaroq dushmani sifatida qo'shimcha hikoyalar tezda kerak bo'lganda yaratgan Botmon №1 va u kollej kursida ushbu hikoya uchun kredit oldi:^[12]

Men ularga birinchi Jokerning eskizini ko'rsatganimda, Bill bu Konrad Veidtni eslatishini aytdi Kulgan odam. Bu haqda birinchi eslatma bo'ldi ... Unga ishonish mumkin va Bobning o'zi, bunda biz hammamiz rol o'ynadik. Kontseptsiya meniki edi. Bill mening shaxsiy tasavvurimdagi birinchi ssenariyni va birinchi hikoyada nima bo'lishi kerakligini tugatdi. U ssenariysini yozgan, shuning uchun u hammuallif bo'lib, Bob va men ingl.^[13]

1966 yilda barmoq o'z hisobini taqdim etdi:

Bob Keyn menga qo'ng'iroq qildi .... Uning yangi yomon odami bor edi. Men kelganimda u qo'lida o'yin kartasi bor edi. Aftidan Jerri Robinzon yoki Bob, men kimni eslay olmayman, kartani ko'rib chiqdi va ularda Joker uchun xarakter bor edi. Bob uning taxminiy eskizini yaratdi. Avvaliga Jokerga unchalik o'xshamasdi. Bu ko'proq masxarabozga o'xshardi. Ammo Grosset va Dunlap ilgari klassiklarning juda arzon nashrlarini chiqarganini esladim Aleksandr Dyuma va Viktor Gyugo ... Mening jildim shu edi Kulgan odam - uning yuzi doimiy ravishda operatsiya qilingan, shunda u doimo bu doimiy tabassumga ega bo'ladi. Va bu juda g'alati tuyuldi. Men rasmni kitobdan kesib tashladim va Bobga berdim, u profilni chizdi va unga yanada yomon tomonni berdi. Keyin u yuzida ishladi; uni oppoq yuzi, qizarib ketgan lablari, yashil sochlari hisobiga bir oz masxarabozga o'xshatdi. Va bu Joker edi!^[14]

Garchi Keyn o'zining ko'pgina obrazlari uchun kredit baham ko'rishdan qat'iyan bosh tortgan bo'lsa-da (va Keyn vafotigacha Robinzonning da'vosini rad etgan), ko'plab kulgili tarixchilar Robinoni Jokerning yaratganligi bilan, Finger esa personajning rivojlanishi bilan bog'liq.^[2][3][4][9] 2011 yilga kelib Finger, Keyn va Robinzon vafot etishdi va bu voqea hal qilinmadi.^[5][9][15]

Oltin asr

Jokerning debyutidan Botmon №1 (1940 yil 25-aprel)

Joker birinchi marta chiqdi Botmon # 1 (1940 yil aprel) xuddi shu belgi qahramoni sifatida, Batmanning debyutidan taxminan bir yil o'tib Dedektiv prikollar # 27 (1939 yil may). Dastlab Joker o'z jabrdiydalarini "Joker zahari" bilan o'ldirgan zararli jilmayish bilan joker o'yin kartasidan o'rnak olgan, tavakkal qilmaydigan ketma-ket qotil sifatida paydo bo'ldi, bu ularning yuzlarini g'oyat jilmayib qo'ydi.^[16] Bu belgi uning ikkinchi ko'rinishida o'ldirilishi kerak edi Botmon # 1, yurakka pichoq bilan urilganidan keyin. Barmoq Jokerni tez-tez uchrab turadigan yovuzlar Botmonni yaroqsiz ko'rinishga olib kelishi mumkinligi sababli o'lishini xohladi, ammo o'sha paytdagi muharrir bekor qildi. Uitni Ellsvort; Jokerning tirikligini ko'rsatadigan shoshilinch ravishda chizilgan paneli komiksga qo'shildi.^[2][17][18] Joker to'qqiztasida paydo bo'ldi Botmon'dastlabki 12 son.^[19]

Belgining muntazam ko'rinishi uni tezda Dynamic Duo - Batman va ning dushmani sifatida aniqladi Robin; u o'nlab odamlarni o'ldirdi va hatto poezdni izdan chiqarib yubordi.^[20] # 13-songa ko'ra, Keynning ishi sindikatlangan Botmon gazeta lentasi unga chiziq roman uchun oz vaqt qoldirdi; rassom Dik Sprang o'z vazifalarini o'z zimmasiga oldi va muharrir Jek Shiffinger bilan hikoyalarda hamkorlik qildi. Xuddi shu davrda DC Comics o'z hikoyalarini bolalarga etukroq holda sotishni osonlashtirdi pulpa ko'plab superqahramon chiziq romanlarini yaratgan elementlar. Ushbu davrda Jokerdagi birinchi o'zgarishlar paydo bo'lib, uni tahdiddan ko'ra ko'proq prankster sifatida ko'rsatdi; Robinni o'g'irlab ketganda, Batman to'lovni chek bilan to'laydi, ya'ni Joker hibsga olinmasdan uni naqd qila olmaydi.^[21] Komikslar yozuvchisi Mark Veyd 1942 yildagi "Joker so'nggi milni bosib o'tdi" hikoyasi personajning g'alati mujassamlashuvga aylanishining boshlanish nuqtasi bo'lgan davrni taklif qiladi. Grant Morrison ko'rib chiqilgan keyingi 30 yil davom etdi.^[22]

1942 yilgi qopqoq Dedektiv prikollar "Ikki qurol" deb nomlanuvchi # 69 (Joker Batman va Robinga ikkita qurolni qaratib, jin lampasidan chiqqanida), Oltin asrning eng buyuk qahramon komikslaridan biri hisoblanadi va foydalangan personajning yagona tasviridir. an'anaviy qurollar. Robinzonning aytishicha, boshqa zamonaviy yovuzlar quroldan foydalanganlar va ijodiy guruh Batmanning raqibi sifatida Jokerni yanada topqirroq bo'lishini istashgan.^[23][24]

Kumush asr

Joker Oltin asrdan kumush asrgacha bo'lgan Batman komikslarida muntazam ravishda paydo bo'lishni davom ettiradigan kam sonli yovuz odamlardan biri edi, chunki seriya sirli va romantik komikslarning ommalashishi davrida davom etdi. 1951 yilda Finger an kelib chiqish tarixi Joker uchun Dedektiv prikollar Uning ilgari jinoyatchi bo'lish xususiyatini keltirib chiqargan # 168 Qizil qalpoqcha, va uning xiralashishi kimyoviy idishga tushish natijasida.^[25]

1954 yilga kelib Komikslar kodeksining vakolati hajviy kitoblar mazmunini jamoatchilik tomonidan tobora ko'proq noroziligiga javoban tashkil etilgan. Qarama-qarshiliklar ilhomlantirildi Frederik Vertam, o'sish uchun ommaviy axborot vositalari (ayniqsa, kulgili kitoblar) aybdor deb taxmin qilgan voyaga etmaganlarning huquqbuzarligi, zo'ravonlik va gomoseksualizm, ayniqsa yosh erkaklarda. Ota-onalar o'z farzandlariga kulgili kitoblarni o'qishni taqiqladilar va bir nechta ommaviy kuyishlar sodir bo'ldi.^[2] Komikslar kodeksi gore, behayo va haddan ziyod zo'ravonlikni taqiqlab qo'ydi, Batmanni tahlikadan mahrum qildi va Jokerni asl qotillik tendentsiyasisiz g'alati, o'g'ri makkoriga aylantirdi.^[17][26]

Belgilar 1964 yildan keyin kamroq paydo bo'ldi Yulius Shvarts (Jokerni yoqtirmagan) Batman komikslarining muharriri bo'ldi.^[2][17][27] Belgining 1966 yilgi teleserialiga moslashtirilguncha, bu belgi oldingi davrning tushunarsiz figurasiga aylanish xavfini tug'dirdi. Botmon, unda u o'ynagan Sezar Romero.^[2][17] Shouning mashhurligi Shvartsni xuddi shu yo'nalishda komikslarni ushlab turishga majbur qildi. Ko'rgazmaning mashhurligi pasayib ketganda, ammo u ham kamaydi Botmon komikslar.^[2][27] 1969 yilda teleseriallar tugagandan so'ng, jamoatchilik e'tiborining oshishi komikslar savdosining pasayishini to'xtata olmadi; tahririyat direktori Karmin Infantino voqealarni maktab o'quvchilariga yoqadigan sarguzashtlardan uzoqlashtirgan holda o'zgartirishga qaror qildi.^[28] Kumush asr Jokerning xarakterli xususiyatlarining bir nechtasini taqdim etdi: o'limga olib keladigan quvonchli shov-shuvlar, kislota chayqaladigan gullar, hiyla-nayrang qurollari va gofy, murakkab jinoyatlar.^[29][30]

Bronza davri

Muqovasi Botmon # 251 (1973 yil sentyabr), Jokerni qotillik ildizlariga qaytargan "Jokerning besh tomonlama qasos" filmi. Nil Adamsning san'ati.

1973 yilda, to'rt yil g'oyib bo'lganidan keyin,^[2] Joker yozuvchi tomonidan qayta tiklangan (va qayta ko'rib chiqilgan) Dennis O'Nil va rassom Nil Adams. Boshlash Botmon # 251-sonli "Jokerning besh tomonlama qasosi" bu belgi Batman bilan fikrlariga mos keladigan impulsiv, qotil manyak sifatida o'z ildizlariga qaytadi.^[31][32] Ushbu voqea Joker markaziy belgi sifatida kamdan-kam ishlatilgan tendentsiyani boshladi.^[33] O'Nil uning fikri "shunchaki uni boshlagan joyiga qaytarish edi. Men DC kutubxonasiga bordim va ba'zi dastlabki hikoyalarni o'qib chiqdim. Keyn va Fingerning ortidan nima bo'lganini tushunishga harakat qildim" dedi.^[34] O'Neilning 1973 yildagi harakati Jokerning bu belgi nima uchun yuborilganligini tushuntirish uchun qonuniy ravishda aqldan ozish g'oyasini ilgari surdi Arkham boshpana (O'Nil tomonidan 1974 yilda Arkham kasalxonasi deb nomlangan) qamoq o'rniga.^[35] Adams Jokerning tashqi qiyofasini o'zgartirib, o'rtacha sonini o'zgartirib, jag'ini cho'zib, uni baland va ozg'in qildi.^[36]

DC Comics 1970-yillar davomida eksperimentlar uyasi bo'lgan va 1975 yilda bu belgi komikslar seriyasida bosh qahramon sifatida ishtirok etgan birinchi yovuz odamga aylandi, Joker.^[37] Seriya personajning boshqa nazoratchilar bilan o'zaro aloqalarini kuzatib borgan va birinchi sonni O'Nil yozgan.^[38] Hikoyalar Jokerning jinoyatchiligini ta'kidlash va uni o'quvchilar qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan yoqimli qahramonga aylantirish o'rtasida muvozanatli. Garchi u bezorilar va tinch aholini o'ldirgan bo'lsa ham, u hech qachon Botmonga qarshi kurashmagan; bu qilingan Joker yaxshi va yomon o'rtasidagi kurash o'rniga, qahramonning yovuzligi raqib yomon odamlardan ustun bo'lgan qator.^[39] Komikslar kodeksi ma'muriyati yovuz odamlarni jazolashni buyurganligi sababli, har bir son Jokerni hibsga olinishi bilan yakunlandi va har bir hikoya doirasini chekladi. Serial hech qachon tomoshabin topa olmadi va Joker to'qqiz nashrdan keyin bekor qilingan ("keyingi nashr" reklama e'loniga qaramay Adolat ligasi ).^[38][39][40] Vaqt o'tishi bilan to'liq seriyani olish qiyin bo'ldi, ko'pincha kollektorlardan yuqori narxlarni talab qildi. 2013 yilda DC Comics seriyani qayta nashr etdi savdo qog‘ozi.^[41]

Qachon Jenet Kan 1976 yilda DC muharriri bo'ldi, u kompaniyaning qiyin nomlarini qayta ishlab chiqdi; uning faoliyati davomida Joker DC-ning eng mashhur belgilaridan biriga aylanadi.^[39] O'Nil va Adamsning ijodi tanqidga sazovor bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, yozuvchi Stiv Englexart va qalam Marshall Rojers sakkiz sonli nashr Dedektiv prikollar # 471-476 (1977 yil avgust - 1978 yil aprel) Jokerni kelgusi o'n yillar davomida aniqladi^[31] xarakterning aqldan ozganligini ta'kidlaydigan hikoyalar bilan. "Kulgan baliq" da Joker baliqni o'ziga o'xshagan riktus jilvasi bilan qiyofasini buzmoqda (kutayotgan mualliflik huquqi himoya qilish) va mualliflik huquqini tushunishga qodir emas a tabiiy resurs huquqiy jihatdan imkonsizdir.^{[32][35][42][43]} Englehart va Rojersning seriyadagi ishlari 1989 yil filmiga ta'sir ko'rsatdi Botmon va 1992 yillarga moslashtirildi Batman: Animatsion seriya.^[35][44] Rojers Adamsning fe'l-atvori dizaynini kengaytirib, Jokerni fedora va trençka bilan chizdi.^[36] Englehart Joker "bu juda aqldan ozgan, qo'rqinchli belgi edi. Men Batman to'lqin oyi ostida tungi soat 3 da aqldan ozgan qotillarga qarshi kurash g'oyasiga qaytishni juda xohlardim", deb aytdi.^[17]

Zamonaviy asr

1966 yilgi teleseriallar tugaganidan bir necha yil o'tgach, sotuvlar Botmon tushishni davom ettirdi va unvon deyarli bekor qilindi. Garchi 1970-yillar Jokerni aqldan ozgan, o'ldiradigan Batman dushmani sifatida qayta tiklagan bo'lsa-da, 1980-yillarda Botmon seriallar aylana boshladi va Joker komikslarning "Dark Age" qismi sifatida o'ziga aylandi: o'lim va halokat haqida ertaklar. O'zgarish tamer super qahramonlardan (va yovuz odamlardan) uzoqlashish uchun maqtandi, ammo kulgili tomoshabinlar endi bolalar emas edi.^[45][31] Bir necha oydan keyin Cheksiz Yerlardagi inqiroz kabi Silver Age piktogrammalarini yo'q qilish orqali davrni boshlagan Chiroq va Supergirl va o'n yillik davomiylikni bekor qilish,^[46] Frank Miller "s The Dark Knight Qaytish (1986) Batmanni keksa yoshdagi, iste'fodagi qahramon sifatida tasavvur qildi^[47] va Joker lab bo'yog'i kiygan taniqli shaxs sifatida^[36][46] kim uning dushmanisiz ishlay olmaydi.^[48] 1980-yillarning oxirlarida Joker Batman va uning yordamchi aktyorlariga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi. 1988–89 yillarda hikoya yoyi "Oilada o'lim ", Joker Batmanning yonboshini (ikkinchi Robin, Jeyson Todd ). Todd muxlislarga yoqmadi; uning fe'l-atvorini o'zgartirish o'rniga, DC ularning taqdiri uchun ovoz berishga ruxsat berishni tanladi va 72 ovoz ko'pligi bilan Joker Toddni polvon bilan o'ldirdi. Ushbu voqea Batman olamini o'zgartirdi: noma'lum tomoshabinlarni o'ldirish o'rniga, Joker Botmon fantastika; bu kelajakdagi hikoyalarga doimiy ta'sir ko'rsatdi.^[49][50] Qo'shma Shtatlar va Eron o'rtasidagi ziddiyatlar avjida yozilgan ushbu voqeaning xulosasida Eron rahbari bor edi Oyatulloh Xomeyni Jokerni o'z mamlakatining Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotidagi elchisi etib tayinlang (unga adolatdan vaqtincha qochib qutulishga imkon bering)^[51]

Alan Mur va Brayan Bolland 1988 yilgi grafik roman Qotillik hazili Jokerning kelib chiqishini kengaytiradi, bu xarakterni homilador xotinini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Qizil qalpoqchining shaxsini qabul qiladigan muvaffaqiyatsiz komediya aktyorini tasvirlaydi.^[25][52] Aksincha The Dark Knight Qaytish, Qotillik hazili asosiy uzluksizlikda sodir bo'ladi.^[53] Roman tanqidchilar tomonidan Jokerning yozilgan eng buyuk hikoyalaridan biri sifatida ta'riflanadi va keyingi kulgili hikoyalarga ta'sir qiladi (shu jumladan, o'sha paytdagi majburiy pensiyaga).Batgirl Barbara Gordon Joker tomonidan falaj bo'lganidan keyin) va 1989 yillar kabi filmlar Botmon va 2008 yil Qora ritsar.^[54][55][56] Grant Morrisonning 1989 y Arkham boshpana: jiddiy yerdagi jiddiy uy Batman, Joker va shu nomdagi muassasadagi boshqa firibgarlarning psixozlarini o'rganadi.^[57][58]

1992 yilgi animatsion seriya Jokerning ayol tarafdorini taqdim etdi: Xarli Kvinn, Jokerga tushgan va yomon munosabatda bo'lgan psixiatr, unga tegishli bo'lib nazoratchi sherik. Bu belgi mashhur bo'lgan va 1999 yilda Jokerning romantik qiziqishi sifatida komikslarga moslashtirilgan.^[59] Xuddi shu yili, Alan Grant va Norm Breyfogle komikslar kitobi Anarki degan vahiy bilan yakunlandi titulli belgi Jokerning o'g'li edi. Breyfogle bu g'oyani Anarkining xarakteristikasini kengaytirish vositasi sifatida tasavvur qildi, ammo O'Nil (o'sha paytgacha muharrir tomonidan Botmon ketma-ket kitoblar) bunga qarshi edi va uni faqat norozilik ostida yozishga ruxsat berdi va vahiy oxir-oqibat noto'g'ri ochilishini va'da qildi. Biroq, Anarki seriya raddiya e'lon qilinishidan oldin bekor qilindi.^[60] Jokerning birinchi asosiy voqeasi Yangi 52, DC Comics-ning 2011 yilda hikoyalar davomiyligini qayta boshlashi, 2012 yil edi "Oilaning o'limi "yozuvchi tomonidan Skott Snayder va rassom Greg Kapullo. Hikoya yoyi simbiyotik munosabatlar Joker va Batman o'rtasida va yomon odam Botmon va uning asrab olgan oilasi o'rtasidagi ishonchni buzishini ko'radi.^[19][61] Capuloning Joker dizayni uning odatiy qiyofasini utilitar, tartibsiz va tartibsiz ko'rinishga almashtirdi, chunki bu belgi vazifada bo'lganligini anglatardi; uning yuzi (2011 yilda jarrohlik yo'li bilan olib tashlangan Dedektiv prikollar (2-jild) # 1) kamarlar, simlar va ilgaklar bilan bog'langan va u mexanik kombinezonlar bilan jihozlangan.^[62] Jokerning yuzi Snayder va Kapuloning yuzlarida tiklandi "Endgame "(2014)," Oila o'limi "ning yakunlovchi bobi.^[63][64]

Belgilarning tarjimai holi

Joker 1940 yildagi debyutidan beri ko'p marta qayta ko'rib chiqilgan. Belgining eng keng tarqalgan talqini shundaki, u jinoyatchi Red Hood nomiga o'ralgan va Batman tomonidan ta'qib qilingan. Joker terisini oqartiradigan, sochlarini yashil va lablarini qizil rangga soladigan va aqldan ozdiradigan kimyoviy moddalar solingan idishga tushadi. Jokerning Qizil qalpoqchiga o'ralganligi sabablari va uning o'zgarishidan oldin uning shaxsiyati vaqt o'tishi bilan o'zgardi.^[17]

Belgida tanishtirildi Botmon №1 (1940), unda u Gothamning uchta taniqli fuqarosini (shu jumladan Genri Klaridjni) o'ldirishini e'lon qiladi. Garchi politsiya Klaridjni himoya qilsa-da, Joker uni e'lon qilishdan oldin uni zaharlagan va Kleridj dahshatli jilmayib o'lgan; Batman oxir-oqibat uni mag'lubiyatga uchratadi va qamoqqa yuboradi.^[65] Joker, Betmenning so'zlari bilan aytganda, "yolg'iz o'zi uchun mantiqiy" bo'lgan sabablarga ko'ra injiq, shafqatsiz jinoyatlarni sodir etadi.^[42] Dedektiv prikollar # 168 (1951) Jokerning birinchi kelib chiqishi haqidagi hikoyasini Red Hood deb tanishtirdi: jinoyatchi, so'nggi g'alati paytida, Botmondan qochish uchun kimyoviy moddalar qutisiga sakrab, g'oyib bo'ldi. Natijada paydo bo'lgan buzilishlar unga o'xshab qolgan kartochkadan "Joker" nomini olishga olib keldi.^[25] Jokerning kumush davridagi o'yin-kulgiga aylanishi 1952 yillarda tashkil etilgan "Jokerning millionlari ". Ushbu hikoyada Joker o'zining boyligi va mashhurligi haqidagi jinoyatchi xalq qahramoni sifatida illuziyasini saqlab qolish bilan ovora, Gotham fuqarolariga uning pulsizligini va uning boyligidan aldanib qolganligini bilishdan qo'rqadi.^[66] 1970-lar bu xarakterni qotillik psixopati sifatida qayta aniqladi. "Jokerning besh tomonlama qasosi" Jokerga xiyonat qilgan sobiq to'da a'zolaridan zo'ravonlik bilan qasos oladi;^[33] "Kulayotgan baliq" filmida bu belgi kimyoviy tarzda yuzini Gothamning baliqlariga qo'shib qo'yadi (mualliflik huquqidan foyda ko'rishni umid qilib), unga to'sqinlik qiladigan byurokratlarni o'ldiradi.^[32]

Qotillik hazili muallif Alan Mur 2008 yilda. Joker Jokerning eng buyuk hikoyasi sifatida tasvirlangan.^[54][55][56]

Botmon: Qotillik hazili (1988) Jokerning 1951 yil kelib chiqqan hikoyasiga asoslanib, uni homilador xotinini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun Qizil qalpoqcha sifatida jinoyat sodir etishga majbur qilingan muvaffaqiyatsiz komediyachi sifatida tasvirlaydi. Batmanning aralashuvi uni kimyoviy buzadigan idishga sakrab tushishiga olib keladi, bu esa uni buzadi. Bu, uning rafiqasining ilgari tasodifan o'limidan olgan jarohati bilan birlashganda, u aqldan ozib, Jokerga aylanadi.^[25] Biroq, Jokerning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu voqea haqiqatga to'g'ri kelmasligi mumkin, chunki u o'tmishini "ko'p tanlov" qilishni afzal ko'radi.^[67] Ushbu grafik romanda Joker Barbara Gordonni otib tashlaydi va otasini qiynaydi, Komissar Jeyms Gordon, oddiy odamni aqldan ozdirish uchun faqat bitta yomon kun kerakligini isbotlash.^[53] Batman Gordonni qutqarib, Jokerni bo'ysundirgandan so'ng, eski dushmanini qayta tiklashni va ularning raqobatiga barham berishni taklif qiladi. Joker rad etsa-da, u o'zining minnatdorchiligini Batmanga hazil bilan bo'lishish orqali namoyish etadi.^[68] Belgining Barbara bilan mashg'ul bo'lganidan so'ng, u DC Universe-da muhimroq belgiga aylandi: Oracle, ma'lumot yig'uvchi va super qahramon ma'lumot beruvchi, uning qasosi Yirtqich qushlar Jokerning tishlarini sindirib, uning tabassumini yo'q qilish orqali.^[53]

1988 yilda "Oilada o'lim" hikoyasida Joker Jeyson Toddni lamba bilan urib, portlashda o'lishini qoldiradi. Toddning o'limi Batmanni ta'qib qilmoqda va u birinchi marta Jokerni o'ldirishni o'ylaydi.^[49] Joker Oyatulloh vaqtincha adolatdan qochadi Ruxolloh Xomeyni uni Eronning elchisini tayinlaydi Birlashgan Millatlar, unga diplomatik daxlsizlik berish; ammo, Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining a'zoligini zaharlamoqchi bo'lganida, u Batman va Supermen.^[31]

1999 yilda "Hech kimning erlari yo'q "hikoya chizig'i, Joker komissar Gordonning ikkinchi xotinini o'ldirish, Sara, chunki u bir guruh chaqaloqlarni qalqon qiladi.^[69] U Gordonni mazax qiladi, uni tizzasiga tashlab qo'yadi. Joker endi hech qachon yurolmasligidan afsuslanib, komissarning Barbaraning falajidan qasos olganini tushunib, kulgidan qulab tushadi.^[70] Ushbu hikoya Jokerning sevgilisi Xarli Kvinni ham tanishtirdi.^[59]

2000-yillar. Bilan boshlandi krossover Joker o'g'irlaydigan "Imperator Joker" hikoyasi Janob Mxyzptlk haqiqatni o'zgartiruvchi kuch va koinotni uning qiyofasida qayta yaratadi (har kuni Botmonni qiynash va o'ldirish, uni tiriltirishdan oldin). Keyin qo'mondon koinotni yo'q qilishga harakat qilganda, uning Botmonni yo'q qilishni istamasligi uni boshqaruvini yo'qotadi va Supermen uni mag'lub qiladi.^[71] Uning tajribasi bilan buzilgan holda, Botmonning o'lim tajribasi Supermenga ko'chiriladi Spektr shuning uchun u ruhan davolay oladi.^[72] Yilda Joker: So'nggi kulgi (2001), shifokorlar Arkham boshpana xarakterni uni reabilitatsiya qilish uchun o'layotganiga ishontirish. Buning o'rniga Joker (uning yonida "Jokerized" nazoratchilar armiyasi) so'nggi jinoyatchilikni boshladi. Robinga ishonish (Tim Dreyk ) betartiblikda o'ldirilgan, Dik Grayson Jokerni o'ldirib o'ldirdi (garchi Batman Greysonni qotil bo'lishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun o'z dushmanini tiriltirsa ham) va yovuz odam Botsheva oilasining a'zosini o'ldirishga qarshi qoidalarini buzishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.^[31][65]

In "Kaput ostida "(2005), tirilgan Todd Batmanni Jokerni o'ldirish orqali uning o'limi uchun qasos olishga majburlamoqchi. Batman agar Jokerni o'ldirishga ruxsat bersa, boshqa jinoyatchilarni o'ldirishni to'xtata olmasligini ta'kidlab, rad etadi.^[73] Joker o'ldiradi Aleksandr Lyutor, kichik yilda Cheksiz inqiroz (2005) uni uni chetlashtirganligi uchun Super yovuz odamlarning maxfiy jamiyati, bu uni a'zolik uchun juda oldindan aytib bo'lmaydigan deb hisoblaydi.^[74][75] Morrisonda "Batman va O'g'il "(2006), o'zini Batmanga o'xshatgan mulohazali politsiyachi Jokerni yuziga o'q uzib, uni yarador qilib, uni ishdan bo'shatdi. Supervilayn" Tungi tunda palyaço "(2007) filmida Harleyni uyg'otgan va o'ldirmoqchi bo'lgan shafqatsiz, sirli kuch sifatida qaytadi. Kvinn Batmanga insondan ko'proq bo'lganligini isbotlash uchun.^[76][31] 2008 yilgi hikoyada "Batman R.I.P. "Joker Batmanni yo'q qilish uchun Qora qo'lqop tomonidan yollanadi, ammo guruhga xiyonat qiladi va a'zolarini birma-bir o'ldiradi.^[65] Batmanning aniq o'limidan so'ng Yakuniy inqiroz (2008), Grayson bir qator qotilliklarni tekshirmoqda (bu uni yashirin Jokerga olib boradi).^[77] Joker hibsga olingan, keyin esa Robin Damian Ueyn Toddni o'ldirish bilan parallel ravishda uni lamel bilan uradi. Joker qochib ketganda, u Qora qo'lqopga hujum qilib, etakchisini ko'mib tashlaydi Simon Xurt nazoratchi uni raqib sifatida muvaffaqiyatsiz deb bilganidan keyin tirik; keyin Joker yaqinda qaytib kelgan Batman tomonidan mag'lubiyatga uchraydi.^[78][79][80]

DC da Yangi 52, 2011 yilda uning sarlavhalari qayta tiklandi O't olish nuqtasi, Jokerning yuzi kesilgan.^[81] U bir yilga g'oyib bo'lib, qaytib kelganida "Oila o'limi" filmida Batmanning katta oilasiga hujum uyushtirdi va shu bilan u va Batman eng yaxshi qahramon va yovuz bo'lishlari mumkin.^[82] Hikoyaning oxirida Joker jarlikdan qorong'i tubsizlikka qulab tushadi.^[82][83] Joker 2014 yilgi "Endgame" hikoyasida qaytadi, u Adliya Ligasining miyasini yuvib, ularning munosabatlariga xiyonat qilganiga ishonib, Batmanga hujum qiladi.^[84][85] Bu voqea Jokerning o'lmasligini anglatadi, ya'ni Gotamda asrlar davomida Jokerning "dionesium" atamasi bilan zararlangandan keyin fojia sababi bo'lgan va o'lim jarohatlaridan tiklanishga qodir. "Endgame" Jokerning yuzini tiklaydi, shuningdek, uning Botmonning maxfiyligini bilishini ochib beradi.^[63] Hikoya Batman va Jokerning bir-birlarining qo'llarida aniq o'lishlari bilan tugaydi, garchi ularning ikkalasi ham hayotni tiklash uchun tirilganligi aniqlangan Lazar Pit, ularning xotiralarisiz.^[64][86]

"Darkseid urushi" hikoyasi paytida Batman foydalangan Metron Mobius kafedrasi Jokerning haqiqiy ismini bilish uchun Adliya Ligasi va Grail o'rtasidagi kurash paytida. Batman keyinroq xabar beradi Hal Jordan Mobius kafedrasi "uchtasi borligini" aniqladi.^[87][88] Ushbu vahiy mini-seriyalar uchun asos bo'ldi Botmon: Uchta joker, tomonidan yozilgan Geoff Jons Jeyson Fabokning san'ati bilan. Birinchi son 2020 yil 25 avgustda chiqdi va 2020 yil 28 oktyabrda tugadi.

Kelib chiqishi

Bir qator bo'lsa ham tarix berilgan, Joker uchun aniq bir narsa hali aniqlanmagan. An ishonchsiz rivoyatchi, bu belgi avval kim bo'lganligi va qanday qilib Jokerga aylangani to'g'risida noaniq: "Ba'zan buni bir yo'l bilan eslayman, ba'zan boshqasi bilan ... agar o'tmishga ega bo'lsam, uni ko'p tanlovli qilishni afzal ko'raman!"^[6][67] Jokerning kelib chiqishi haqidagi hikoya paydo bo'ldi Dedektiv prikollar # 168 (1951 yil fevral), belgi debyutidan deyarli o'n yil o'tgach. Bu erda, bu belgi 1 million dollarni o'g'irlash va nafaqaga chiqish uchun Red Hood (maskali jinoyatchi) ga aylanadigan laboratoriya ishchisi. Osti oqartirilgan oq lablari, qizil lablari, yashil sochlari va doimiy jilmayishi bilan paydo bo'lib, uning botini Botmon tomonidan to'xtatilganda u kimyoviy chiqindilar qutisiga tushadi.^[90][91]

Ushbu hikoya eng ko'p keltirilgan Mur haqidagi ertak uchun asos bo'lgan bir martalik Qotillik hazili.^[55] Joker laboratoriya yordamchisi lavozimidan chiqib, homilador rafiqasini boqish uchun stend-up komediyachiga aylandi. Muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lib, u mafiozlarga talonchilikda yordam berishga rozilik beradi va Qizil qalpoqchaga aylanadi. Heist noto'g'ri bo'ladi; komediyachi yuzi buzilgan holda, Botmondan qochish uchun kimyoviy idishga sakrab tushadi. Bu avvalroq uning rafiqasi va tug'ilmagan bolasining tasodifan o'limi bilan birgalikda komediyachini aqldan ozdiradi va u Jokerga aylanadi.^[25][31] Ushbu versiya ko'plab hikoyalarda, shu jumladan, keltirilgan Botmon: Kuladigan odam (unda Botmon Red Hood qulab tushganidan qutulgan va Jokerga aylangan degan xulosaga keladi), Botmon № 450 (Joker "Oiladagi o'lim" voqealaridan keyin uning tiklanishiga yordam berish uchun Qizil qalpoqchani chaqiradi, ammo bu tajribani juda shikast etkazadi), "Oila o'limi",^[91] va Botmon: Uchta joker (bu buni tasdiqlaydi kanon kelib chiqish tarixi).^[92] Boshqa kelib chiqadigan hikoyalar ushbu kelib chiqishi bo'yicha kengaytirildi; "Orqaga surish "Jokerning rafiqasi mafiozlar uchun ishlagan poraxo'r politsiyachi tomonidan o'ldirilganligini taxmin qilmoqda"^[93] va "Payback" Jokerning "Jek" ismini beradi.^[91] Oxiri Botmon: Uchta joker Jokerning rafiqasi aslida vafot etmaganligini, aksincha u Gotem politsiyasi va Batmanning yordami bilan Alyaskaga qochib ketganini, chunki u eri shafqatsiz ota bo'lishidan qo'rqishini; keyin politsiya Jokerga uni himoya qilish uchun o'lishi haqida hikoya aytib berdi. Miniseriallar, shuningdek, Batman Jokerning kimligini bilishini va uning xotini va o'g'lini xavf ostiga qo'yishini bilmagan holda yashirganligini aniqlaydi.^[92]

Biroq, Jokerning ishonchsiz xotirasi yozuvchilarga xarakter uchun boshqa manbalarni rivojlantirishga imkon berdi.^[91] "Case Study", a Pol Dini -Aleks Ross hikoya, Jokerni kichik vaqtdagi jinoyatchilik hayajonini davom ettirish uchun Red Hood shaxsini yaratadigan sadist gangster sifatida tasvirlaydi. U Batman bilan o'zining taqdirli birinchi uchrashuvini o'tkazdi, natijada uning qiyofasi buzildi. Joker aql-idrokka ega va o'lim jazosidan qochish uchun o'zini aqldan ozdiradi. Yilda Batman maxfiy # 7–12, obraz Jek, o'z ishidan zerikkan iste'dodli jinoyatchidir. U diqqatni jalb qilish uchun jinoyatchilikka kirishib, Heist paytida Batmanga duch keladi (va u bilan ovora bo'ladi). Jek Batmanning qiz do'stiga jarohat etkazganidan so'ng, Batman Jekning yuzini a bilan izlari bilan iz qoldiradi doimiy kulish va uni kimyoviy zavodda qiynoqqa solgan bir guruh mafiozga xiyonat qiladi. Jek qochib qutuladi, ammo qurol tepasida kimyoviy tanklarni otish paytida bo'sh idishga tushadi. Kimyoviy moddalar toshqini (ishlatilgan anti-psixotik dori-darmon) uning ko'rinishini o'zgartiradi va uning o'zgarishini yakunlaydi.^[94] Super qahramon Atom Joker ota-onasini tiriklayin yoqib yuborganini (ular hayvonlarni o'ldirayotganini topgandan keyin) xotirasini ko'radi Jasur va jasur #31,^[95] va Snayderniki "Nolinchi yil "(2013) shuni ko'rsatadiki, avvalgi qiyofasi o'zgargan Joker" Red Hoods "to'dasini boshqaradigan jinoyatchi tashkilotchi bo'lgan.^[84][96]

Joker bir nechta kelib chiqishini da'vo qildi, shu jumladan, uning burnini sindirib tashlagan shafqatsiz otaning farzandi va Misr fir'avnining uzoq umr ko'rishi. Batman aytganidek: "Boshqa har qanday komediyachi singari, u ham ishlaydigan har qanday materialdan foydalanadi".^[97]

Muqobil versiyalar

Bir qator muqobil olamlar DC Comics-dagi nashrlarda yozuvchilarga Jokerga turli xil belgilarni kiritish mumkin, bunda personajning kelib chiqishi, xulq-atvori va axloqi asosiy muhitdan farq qiladi.^[98] The Dark Knight Qaytish keksa yoshdagi Batman va Joker o'rtasidagi so'nggi jangni tasvirlaydi; boshqalar Jokerning o'limi oqibatlarini bir qator belgilar, jumladan Supermen qo'lida tasvirlashadi.^[71][99] Boshqalar esa Joker kompyuter virusi yoki davrning zolim Botmani mag'lub etishga urinayotgan qahramon bo'lgan uzoq kelajaklarni tasvirlaydi.^[100] Ba'zi hikoyalarda Joker butunlay boshqalarga o'xshaydi; O't olish nuqtasi Batmanning onasi bilan ajralib turadi Marta Ueyn Joker o'g'lining o'ldirilishiga javoban,^[101] va Supermen: Tez o'qlar, Leks Lyutor Supermen Betmen bo'lgan dunyoda Jokerga aylanadi.^[102]

Xarakteristikasi

Batmanning eng katta dushmani sifatida tanilgan,^{[103][104][105][106]} Joker bir qator taxalluslar bilan tanilgan, jumladan, jinoyatchilikning Kloun shahzodasi, Nafrat Arlequin, Knaves Ace va Genotsid Jester.^[105][107] Evolyutsiyasi davrida DC Universe, Joker talqinlari va versiyalari ikkita asosiy shaklga ega. Asl, dominant tasvir haddan tashqari tasvirga ega psixopat,^[108] daho darajasidagi aql-idrok va sadist hazil tuyg'usi bilan.^[109][110] 1940-yillarning oxiridan 1960-yillarga qadar va 1960-yillarning teleseriallarida hajviy kitoblarda mashhur bo'lgan boshqa versiyasi ekssentrik, zararsiz prankster va o'g'ri.^[111] Boshqa uzoq umr ko'rgan personajlar singari Jokerning xarakteri va madaniy talqinlari vaqt o'tishi bilan o'zgarib bordi; ammo, boshqa har qanday chiziq roman belgilaridan ko'ra, avvalgi versiyalarini yarashtirishi yoki e'tiborsiz qoldirishi kerak bo'lgan boshqa belgilardan farqli o'laroq, Joker o'zgaruvchan va murosasiz shaxsiyatlari bilan rivojlanadi.^[112] Joker odatda binafsha rangli kostyumda uzun dumli, yelkali yelkali ko'ylagi, torli galstuk, qo'lqop, chiziqli shim va spats uchi uchli poyabzalda (ba'zan keng qirrali shapka bilan). Ushbu ko'rinish xarakterning juda muhim jihati bo'lib, 2004 yilgi animatsion seriyada Botmon Jokerni tor ko'ylagi ichiga joylashtirdi, uni tezda tanish kostyumida o'zgartirdi.^[111]

Joker qarama-qarshi qorong'i va engil kuchlarning yin-yangini ifodalovchi juftlik - Batman bilan ovora; garchi Joker hazil va rangni ifodalasa va Batman qorong'ida yashaydi.^[113] Hech qanday jinoyat, shu jumladan qotillik, o'g'irlik va terrorizm Jokerdan tashqarida emas va uning ekspluatatsiyasi - bu o'zi uchun kulgili bo'lgan teatr tomoshalari. Joker uchun ko'zoynaklar muvaffaqiyatga qaraganda muhimroq, agar u ajoyib bo'lmasa, bu zerikarli.^[114] Garchi Joker hamma narsaga befarqligini da'vo qilsa-da, u yashirincha Batmanning e'tiborini va tekshirilishini istaydi.^[115][32] Bu belgi 2000 dan ortiq odamni o'ldirgan deb ta'riflangan Joker: Iblisning advokati (1996). Ushbu tana soniga qaramay, u doimo topiladi aqldan ozganligi sababli aybdor emas va o'lim jazosidan qochib, Arkham boshpana manziliga jo'natildi.^[116][117] Jokerning ko'plab harakatlari Batmanni o'ldirishga majbur qilishga urinmoqda; agar odamlarning eng tartibli va o'zini tuta oladigan qotilligi mumkin bo'lsa, har kim Joker singari yirtqich hayvonga aylanishi mumkin. Yovuz odam o'zini saqlab qolish uchun hech qanday instinktni namoyon qilmaydi va o'z fikrini isbotlash uchun o'lishga tayyor.^[118] Joker "mantiqsiz shaxsning o'ziga xos xususiyati" bo'lib, "Batman [qarshi bo'lgan hamma narsani") ifodalaydi.^[119]

Shaxsiyat

Joker hammuallifi Jerri Robinson 2008 yilda; u Jokerni Batmanga bir necha bor qarshi chiqa oladigan ekzotik, bardoshli arxivilant sifatida tasavvur qildi.

Jokerning o'ziga xos xususiyati uning aniq aqldan ozishidir, garchi u psixologik buzuqlik bilan tavsiflanmasa ham. Psixopat singari, u hamdardlik, vijdon va yaxshilik bilan yomon haqida qayg'urmaydi. Yilda Arkham boshpana: jiddiy yerdagi jiddiy uy, Joker tashqi sensorli ma'lumotni faqat unga moslashish orqali qayta ishlashga qodir deb ta'riflanadi. Bu unga har kuni yangi shaxsiyatni yaratishga yordam beradi (unga nima foyda keltirishiga qarab) va nima uchun u turli vaqtlarda yaramas masxaraboz yoki psixopatik qotil ekanligini tushuntiradi.^[120] "Yarim tunda masxarabozda" (Botmon #663 (April 2007)), the Joker enters a meditative state where he evaluates his previous selves to consciously create a new personality, effectively modifying himself for his needs.^[121]

Qotillik hazili (in which the Joker is the ishonchsiz rivoyatchi ) explains the roots of his insanity as "one bad day": losing his wife and unborn child and being disfigured by chemicals, paralleling Batman's origin in the loss of his parents. He tries (and fails) to prove that anyone can become like him after one bad day by torturing Commissioner Gordon, physically and psychologically.^[29][53] Batman offers to rehabilitate his foe; the Joker apologetically declines, believing it too late for him to be saved.^[68] Other interpretations show that the Joker is fully aware of how his actions affect others and that his insanity as merely an act.^[113] Komikslar bo'yicha olim Piter Kugan describes the Joker as trying to reshape reality to fit himself by imposing his face on his victims (and fish) in an attempt to make the world comprehensible by creating a twisted parody of himself. Englehart's "The Laughing Fish" demonstrates the character's illogical nature: trying to copyright fish that bear his face, and not understanding why threatening the copyright clerk cannot produce the desired result.^[35][122]

The Joker is alternatively depicted as sexual and asexual.^[123] Yilda The Dark Knight Qaytish va Arkham boshpana: jiddiy yerdagi jiddiy uy, the Joker is seductive toward Batman; it is uncertain if their relationship has gomerotik undertones or if the Joker is simply trying to manipulate his nemesis. Frank Miller interpreted the character as fixated on death and uninterested in sexual relationships, while Robinson believed that the Joker is capable of a romantic relationship.^[123] His relationship with Harley Quinn is abusively paradoxical; although the Joker keeps her at his side, he heedlessly harms her (for example, throwing her out a window without seeing if she survives). Harley loves him, but the Joker does not reciprocate her feelings, chiding her for distracting him from other plans.^[124]

Snyder's "Death of the Family" describes the Joker as in love with Batman, although not in a traditionally romantic way. The Joker believes that Batman has not killed him because he makes Batman better and he loves the villain for that.^[61][125] Botmon chiziq roman yozuvchisi Piter Tomasi concurred, stating that the Joker's main goal is to make Batman the best that he can be.^[126] The Joker and Batman represent opposites: the extroverted Joker wears colorful clothing and embraces chaos, while the introverted, monochromatic Batman represents order and discipline. The Joker is often depicted as defining his existence through his conflict with Batman. In 1994's "Going Sane", the villain tries to lead a normal life after Batman's (apparent) death, only to become his old self again when Batman reappears; in "Emperor Joker", an apparently omnipotent Joker cannot destroy Batman without undoing himself. Since the Joker is simply "the Joker", he believes that Batman is "Batman" (with or without the costume) and has no interest in what is behind Batman's mask, ignoring opportunities to learn Batman's secret identity.^[71][127] Given the opportunity to kill Batman, the villain demurs; he believes that without their game, winning is pointless.^[115] The character has no desire for typical criminal goals like money or power; his criminality is designed only to continue his game with Batman.^[81]

The Joker is portrayed as having no fear; when fellow supervillain Qo'rqinchli doses him with fear toxin in Ritsar tushishi (1993), the Joker merely laughs and says "Boo!"^[128] The villain has been temporarily rendered sane by several means, including telepatik manipulation by the Marslik Manxunter^[68] and being resurrected in a Lazarus Pit (an experience typically inducing temporary insanity in the subject). At these moments, the Joker is depicted as expressing remorse for his acts;^[129][130] however, during a medically induced period of partial sanity in Batman: Kakofoniya he tells his opponent, "I don't hate you 'cause I'm crazy. I'm crazy 'cause I hate you," and confirms that he will only stop murdering when Batman is dead.^[131][132]

Skills and equipment

The Joker has no inherent superhuman abilities.^[133] He commits crimes with a variety of weaponized thematic props such as a deck of razor-tipped playing cards, rolling marbles, jack-in-the-boxes with unpleasant surprises and exploding cigars capable of leveling a building. The flower in his lapel sprays acid, and his hand often holds a lethal joy buzzer conducting a million volts of electricity, although both items were introduced in 1952 as harmless joke items.^[30][134] However, his chemical genius provides his most-notable weapon: Joker venom, a liquid or gaseous toxin that sends its targets into fits of uncontrollable laughter; higher doses can lead to paralysis, coma or death, leaving its victim with a ghoulish, pained rictus grin. The Joker has used venom since his debut; only he knows the formula, and is shown to be gifted enough to manufacture the toxin from ordinary household chemicals. Another version of the venom (used in Joker: So'nggi kulgi) makes its victims resemble the Joker, susceptible to his orders.^{[32][65][135][136]} The villain is immune to venom and most poisons; yilda Botmon #663 (April 2007), Morrison writes that being "an avid consumer of his own chemical experiments, the Joker's immunity to poison concoctions that might kill another man in an instant has been developed over years of dedicated abuse."^[137][111]

The character's arsenal is inspired by his nemesis' weaponry, such as batareyanglar. In "The Joker's Utility Belt" (1952), he mimicked Batmanning yordamchi kamari with non-lethal items, such as Mexican jumping beans and sneezing powder.^[134] In 1942's "The Joker Follows Suit", the villain built his versions of the Batplane va Batmobile, the Jokergyro and Jokermobile (the latter with a large Joker face on its hood), and created a Joker-signal with which criminals could summon him for their heists.^[138] The Jokermobile lasted for several decades, evolving with the Batmobile. His technical genius is not limited by practicality, allowing him to hijack Gotham's television airwaves to issue threats, transform buildings into death traps, launch a gas attack on the city and rain poisoned glass shards on its citizens from an airship.^[139][140]

The Joker is portrayed as skilled in jang combat, from his initial appearances when he defeats Batman in a sword fight (nearly killing him), and others when he overwhelms Batman but declines to kill him.^[141] He is talented with firearms, although even his guns are theatrical; his long-barreled revolver often releases a flag reading "Bang", and a second trigger-pull launches the flag to skewer its target.^[134][142] Although formidable in combat, the Joker's chief asset is his mind.^[100]

Aloqalar

The Joker's unpredictable, homicidal nature makes him one of the most feared supervillains in the DC Universe; The Nayrangboz says in the 1995 miniseries Er osti dunyosi ochildi, "When super-villains want to scare each other, they tell Joker stories."^[143][144] Gotham's villains also feel threatened by the character; depending on the circumstances, he is as likely to fight with his rivals for control of the city as he is to join them for an entertaining outcome.^[145] The Joker interacts with other supervillains who oppose Batman, whether he is on the streets or in Arkham Asylum. He has collaborated with criminals like the Pingvin, Riddler va Ikki yuzli, although these partnerships rarely end well due to the Joker's desire for unbridled chaos, and he uses his stature to lead others (such as Killer Croc and the Scarecrow).^[146] The Joker's greatest rival is the smartest man in the world, Leks Lyutor. Although they have a friendly partnership in 1950's Dunyodagi eng yaxshi komikslar #88, later unions emphasized their mutual hostility and clashing egos.^[147]

Despite his tendency to kill subordinates on a whim, the Joker has no difficulty attracting henchmen with a seemingly infinite cash supply and intimidation: they are too afraid of their employer to refuse his demands that they wear red clown noses or laugh at macabre jokes.^[139] Even with his unpredictability and lack of superhuman powers, the 2007 limited series Najot yugurish sees hundreds of villains fall under his spell because they are more afraid of him than the alternative: Luthor.^[148] Botmon #186 (1966) introduced the Joker's first sidekick: the one-shot character Gaggy Gagsworthy, who is short and dressed like a clown; the character was later resurrected as an enemy of his replacement, Harley Quinn.^[149][150] Introduced in the 1992 animated series, Quinn is the Joker's former Arkham psychiatrist who develops an obsessive infatuation with him and dons a red-and-black arlequin costume to join him in the 1999 graphic novel Batman: Harley Quinn. Although Quinn loves the Joker, he is obsessed with Batman and uses her to achieve his goals at her expense. Despite violent abuse, she returns to him.^[150][151] The Joker is sometimes shown to keep dog'lar as pets; this trait was introduced in the 1977 animated series Botmonning yangi sarguzashtlari.^[139] A 1976 issue of Batman oilasi tanishtirdi Duela Dent as the Joker's daughter, though her parentage claim was later proven to be false.^[39]

Although his chief obsession is Batman, the character has occasionally ventured outside Gotham City to fight Batman's superhero allies. In "To Laugh and Die in Metropolis" (1987) the character kidnaps Lois Leyn, distracting Superman with a nuclear weapon. The story is notable for the Joker taking on a (relative) god and the ease with which Superman defeats him—it took only 17 pages. Asked why he came to Metropolis, the Joker replies simply: "Oh Superman, why not?"^[152] In 1995, the Joker fought his third major DC hero: Ajoyib ayol, who drew on the Greek god of trickery to temper the Joker's humor and shatter his confidence.^[153] The character has joined supervillain groups like the Injustice Gang and the Injustice League to take on superhero groups like the Justice League.^[154][155]

Adabiy tahlil

A 2015 art exhibition at the Barselona Xalqaro Komikslar Konvensiyasi focused on the Joker, celebrating the character's 75th anniversary.^[156]

Since the Bronze Age of Comics, the Joker has been interpreted as an archetypal hiyla-nayrang, displaying talents for cunning intelligence, social engineering, pranks, theatricality, and idiomatik hazil. Like the trickster, the Joker alternates between malicious violence and clever, harmless whimsy.^[157] He is amoral and not driven by ethical considerations, but by a shameless and insatiable nature, and although his actions are condemned as evil, he is necessary for cultural robustness.^[158] The trickster employs amoral and immoral acts to destabilize the status quo and reveal cultural, political, and ethical hypocrisies that society attempts to ignore.^[159] However, the Joker differs in that his actions typically only benefit himself.^[160] The Joker possesses abnormal body imagery, reflecting an inversion of order. The trickster is simultaneously subhuman and superhuman, a being that indicates a lack of unity in body and mind.^[161] Yilda Arkham boshpana: jiddiy yerdagi jiddiy uy, the Joker serves as Batman's trickster guide through the hero's own psyche, testing him in various ways before ultimately offering to cede his rule of the Asylum to Batman.^[162]

Rather than the typical anarxist interpretation, others have analysed the character as a Marksistik (opposite to Batman's capitalist), arguing that anarchism requires the rejection of all authority in favor of uncontrolled freedom.^[163] The Joker rejects most authority, but retains his own, using his actions to coerce and consolidate power in himself and convert the masses to his own way of thinking, while eliminating any that oppose him.^[164] Yilda Qotillik hazili, the Joker is an abused member of the sinf who is driven insane by failings of the social system.^[165] The Joker rejects material needs, and his first appearance in Botmon #1 sees him perpetrate crimes against Gotham's wealthiest men and the judge who had sent him to prison.^[166] Batman is wealthy, yet the Joker is able to triumph through his own innovations.^[167]

Ryan Litsey described the Joker as an example of a "Nietzschean Superman," arguing that a fundamental aspect of Fridrix Nitsshe "s Supermen, the "will to power," is exemplified in all of the Joker's actions, providing a axloqni o'zlashtirish to Batman's slave morality.^[168] The character's indomitable "will to power" means he is never discouraged by being caught or defeated and he is not restrained by guilt or remorse.^[169] Joker represents the master, who creates rules and defines them, who judges others without needing approval, and for whom something is good because it benefits him.^[170] He creates his own morality and is bound only by his own rules without aspiring to something higher than himself, unlike Batman, the slave, who makes a distinction between good and evil, and is bound to rules outside of himself (such as his avoidance of killing) in his quest for justice.^[171] The Joker has no defined origin story that requires him to question how he came to be, as like the Superman he does not regret or assess the past and only moves forward.^[172]

The Joker's controlling and abusive relationship with Harley Quinn has been analyzed as a means of the Joker reinforcing his own belief in his power in a world where he may be killed or neutralized by another villain or Batman.^[173] Joker mirrors his identity through Harley in her appearance, and even though he may ignore or act indifferent towards her, he continues to try to subject her to his control.^[173] When Harley successfully defeats Batman in Mad Love (1994), the Joker, emasculated by his own failure, severely injures her out of fear of what the other villains will think of him; however, while Harley recovers, the Joker sends her flowers, which she accepts, reasserting his control over her.^[174]

Harley's co-creator, Paul Dini, describes their relationship as Harley being someone who makes the Joker feel better about himself, and who can do the work that he does not want to do himself.^[175] In the 1999 one-shot comic Batman: Harley Quinn, the Joker decides to kill Harley, after admitting that he does care for her, that their relationship is romantic, and that these feelings prevent him from fulfilling his purpose.^[176] Removing the traditional male-female relationship, such as in the Batman: Thrillkiller storyline where the Joker (Bianca Steeplechase) is a female and involved in a lezbiyen relationship with Harley, their relationship lacks any aspects of violence or subjugation.^[177]

Madaniy ta'sir va meros

Sezar Romero as the Joker in the 1966 movie Botmon (based on the TV series of the same name), with Burgess Meredit (left) as the Penguin and Frank Gorshin Riddler sifatida

The Joker is considered one of the most-recognizable and iconic fictional characters in popular culture,^{[178][179][180]} one of the best comic villains, and one of the greatest villains of all time.^[181][182] The character was well-liked following his debut, appearing in nine out of the first 12 Botmon issues, and remained one of Batman's most popular foes throughout his publication.^[183] The character is considered one of the four top comic book characters, alongside Batman, Superman, and O'rgimchak odam.^[180] Indeed, when DC Comics released the original series of Greatest Stories Ever Told (1987–1988) featuring collections of stories about heroes like Batman and Superman, the Joker was the only villain included alongside them.^[184] The character has been the focus of ethical discussion on the desirability of Batman (who adheres to an unbreakable code forbidding killing) saving lives by murdering the Joker (a relentless dealer of death). These debates weigh the positive (stopping the Joker permanently) against its effect on Batman's character and the possibility that he might begin killing all criminals.^{[118][185][186]}

In 2006, the Joker was number one on sehrgar magazine's "100 Greatest Villains of All Time."^[187] 2008 yilda sehrgar's list of "200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time" placed the Joker fifth,^[188] and the character was eighth on Imperiya's list of "50 Greatest Comic Book Characters" (the highest-ranked villain on both lists).^[189] In 2009, the Joker was second on IGN 's list of "Top 100 Comic Book Villains,"^[190] and in 2011, Simli named him "Comics' Greatest Supervillain."^[191] Kompleks, CollegeHumor, and WhatCulture named the Joker the greatest comic book villain of all time^{[179][133][192]} while IGN listed him the top DC Comics villain in 2013,^[193] va Newsarama as the greatest Batman villain.^[103]

The Joker's popularity (and his role as Batman's enemy) has involved the character in most Botmon-related media, from television to video games.^[2][6] These adaptations of the character have been received positively^[19] on film,^[194][195] televizor,^[196] and in video games.^[197] As in the comics, the character's personality and appearance shift; he is campy, ferocious or unstable, depending on the author and the intended audience.^[19]

The character inspired theme-park roller coasters (Joker Jinx,^[198][199] The Joker in Mexico va Kaliforniya,^[200][201] and The Joker Chaos Coaster),^[202] and featured in story-based rides such as Justice League: Battle for Metropolis.^[202] The Joker is one of the few comic book supervillains to be represented on children's merchandise and toys, appearing on items including action figures, trading cards, board games, money boxes, pajamas, socks, and shoes.^[180][203] The Jokermobile was a popular toy; a Corgi die-cast metal replica was successful during the 1950s, and in the 1970s a Joker-styled, gul kuchi -era Volkswagen mikroavtobusi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Mego.^[139] 2015 yilda, The Joker: A Serious Study of the Clown Prince of Crime became the first academic book to be published about a supervillain.^[180]

Boshqa ommaviy axborot vositalarida

Mark Hamill has voiced the Joker in animation and video games since 1992, and Xit Ledjer won a posthumous Academy Award for his interpretation of the character 2008 yilda Qora ritsar. Xoakin Feniks won an Academy Award for his interpretation of the character in 2019's Joker.

The Joker has appeared in a variety of media, including television series, animated and live-action films. WorldCat (a catalog of libraries in 170 countries) records over 250 productions featuring the Joker as a subject, including films, books, and video games,^[203] and Batman films featuring the character are typically the most successful.^[126] The character's earliest on-screen adaptation was in the 1966 television series Botmon va uning filmga moslashishi Botmon, in which he was played as a cackling prankster by Cesar Romero (reflecting his contemporary comic counterpart).^{[178][204][205]} The Joker then appeared in the animated television series Botmonning sarguzashtlari (1968, voiced by Larri Storch ),^[206] Botmonning yangi sarguzashtlari (1977, voiced by Lenni Vaynrib )^[207] va Super Power Team: Galaktik Guardians (1985, voiced by Frank Uelker ).^[208][209]

A darker version of the Joker (played by Jek Nikolson ) made his film debut in 1989's Botmon, which earned over $400 million at the worldwide box office. The role was a defining performance in Nicholson's career and was considered to overshadow Batman's, with film critic Rojer Ebert saying that the audience must sometimes remind themselves not to root for the Joker.^[210][211] Botmon's success led to the 1992 television series, Batman: Animatsion seriya. Ovoz bergan Mark Hamill, the Joker retained the darker tone of the comics in stories acceptable for young children.^[212][213] Hamill's Joker is considered a defining portrayal, and he voiced the character in spin-off films (1993's Botmon: Xayoliy niqob va 2000-yillar Batman Beyond: Jokerning qaytishi ), video games (2001's Batman: qasos ), related series (1996's Supermen: Animatsion seriya, 2000 yil Statik zarba va 2001 yil Adolat ligasi ), action figures, toys and amusement-park voiceovers.^{[214][215][216][217]} A redesigned Joker, voiced by Kevin Maykl Richardson, appeared in 2004's Botmon; Richardson was the first African-American to play the character.^[218][219]

Keyin Kristofer Nolan 's successful 2005 Botmon film reboot, Batman boshlanadi, which ended with a teaser for the Joker 's involvement in a sequel, the character appeared in 2008's Qora ritsar, o'ynagan Xit Ledjer as an avatar of anarchy and chaos.^[220][221] Esa Batman boshlanadi earned a worldwide total of $370 million;^[222] Qora ritsar earned over $1 billion and was the highest-grossing film of the year, setting several contemporary box-office records (including highest-grossing midnight opening, opening day and opening weekend).^[223][224] Ledger won a posthumous Eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktyor uchun Oskar mukofoti for his performance, the first acting Oscar ever won for a superhero film.^[225][226] The Joker has featured in a number of animated projects, such as 2009's Botmon: Jasur va jasur (tomonidan aytilgan Jeff Bennett )^[227] va 2011 yil Yosh adolat (tomonidan aytilgan Brent Spiner ),^[228] and comic book adaptations (including 2010's Botmon: Qizil qalpoq ostida va 2020 yil Batman: Oilada o'lim, u tomonidan aytilgan Jon DiMaggio ).

2012 yilda, Maykl Emerson voiced the character in a two-part animated adaptation of The Dark Knight Qaytish.^[229][230] Televizion seriya Gotham (2014–2019) explores the mythology of the Joker through twin brothers Jerom va Eremiyo Valeska o'ynagan Kemeron Monaghan.^[231] Jared Leto portrayed the Joker in O'z joniga qasd qilish guruhi (2016)^[232] and will reprise the role in the 2021 director's cut Zak Snayderning Adolat Ligasi.^[233] Zak Galifianakis belgisini ovoz chiqarib aytdi Lego Batman filmi (2017).^[234] 2019 yilgi film Joker focuses on the origins of the eponymous character as portrayed by Xoakin Feniks. The film received critical acclaim for Phoenix's performance, and criticism for its portrayal of mental illness and violence.^{[235][236][237][238]} Yoqdi Qora ritsar undan oldin, Joker grossed over $1 billion at the box office, breaking contemporary financial records, and earned ko'plab mukofotlar shu jumladan Eng yaxshi aktyor uchun Oskar mukofoti for Phoenix.^{[239][238][240]}

The Joker has also been featured in video games. Hamill returned to voice the character in 2009's critically acclaimed Batman: Arkham boshpana, its equally praised 2011 sequel Batman: Arkham Siti and the multiplayer DC Universe Online.^[241] Hamill was replaced by Troy Beyker for the 2013 prequel, Batman: Arkham kelib chiqishi, va Arkham series' animated quyi tashkilot ochish Batman: Arkxamga hujum,^{[214][242][243][244]} while Hamill returned for the 2015 series finale, Botmon: Arkxem ritsar.^[245] Richard Epkar has voiced the Joker in a series of fighting games including, Mortal Kombat va DC Universe (2008),^[246] Adolatsizlik: oramizdagi xudolar (2013),^[247] uning davomi 2. adolatsizlik (2017),^[248] va Mortal Kombat 11 (2019).^[249] Bu belgi ham paydo bo'ldi Lego Batman: Videogame (2008), Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes (2012) va uning animatsion moslashuv va Lego Batman 3: Gothamdan tashqarida (2014) (the latter three voiced by Kristofer Kori Smit ),^{[250][251][252]} shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Lego DC Super-Villains (2018), with the role reprised by Hamill. Entoni Ingruber voices the Joker in Botmon: Telltale seriyasi (2016)^[253] va uning davomi Botmon: Ichidagi dushman (2017).^[254]

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

Manbalar

• Dunkan, Rendi; Smit, Metyu J. (2013). Amerika hajviy kitobi ikonalari: Kapitan Amerikadan mo''jizali ayolgacha, 1-jild. Westport, Konnektikut: Greenwood Press. ISBN  978-0-313-39923-7.
• Langli, Travis (2012). Batman va psixologiya: qorong'u va bo'ronli ritsar. Nyu-York, Nyu-York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN  978-1-118-16765-6.
• Manning, Metyu K. (2011). Joker: Jinoyatchi masxaraboz shahzodaning vizual tarixi. Koinot nashriyoti. ISBN  978-0-7893-2247-0.
• Vayner, Robert G.; Peaslee, Robert Moses (2015 yil 26-fevral). Joker: Jinoyatchi masxaraboz shahzodasini jiddiy o'rganish. Missisipi universiteti matbuoti. ISBN  978-1-62846-238-8.
• Tollin, Entoni (1975 yil yanvar-fevral). "Jerri Robinson haqidagi profil - Joker yaratuvchisi". DC komikslarining ajoyib dunyosi. DC komikslari. 2 (#4). Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2014 yil 14 avgustda. Olingan 10 avgust, 2014. Men Batmanga uni sinash uchun eng buyuk yovuz odam kerakligini his qildim ... Botmonga Al Kapone singari boshqa jinoyatlar lordi kerak emas edi. Men unga ko'proq ekzotik narsaga muhtojligini his qildim: Botmonning sirli kayfiyatiga mos keladigan narsa ... Ipga chidamliroq bo'lgan antagonist kerak edi; Xolms va Moriarti yoki shoh Artur va Mordredning adabiy an'analarida davom etayotgan ziddiyat.

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• Joker kuni DC ma'lumotlar bazasi, tashqi viki, a DC komikslari wiki