Roy Orbison - Roy Orbison - Wikipedia

Roy Orbison
1965 yilda Orbison
1965 yilda Orbison
Ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan kunning ismiRoy Kelton Orbison
Tug'ilgan(1936-04-23)1936 yil 23 aprel
Vernon, Texas, BIZ.
O'ldi1988 yil 6-dekabr(1988-12-06) (52 yoshda)
Xendersonvill, Tennesi, BIZ.
Janrlar
Kasb (lar)
  • Qo'shiq muallifi
  • musiqachi
Asboblar
  • Vokal
  • gitara
  • harmonika
Faol yillar1953–1988
Yorliqlar
Birlashtirilgan aktlar
Veb-saytroyorbison.com

Roy Kelton Orbison (1936 yil 23-aprel - 1988-yil 6-dekabr) amerikalik qo'shiqchi, qo'shiq muallifi va musiqachisi o'zining ashaddiy qo'shiq uslubi, murakkab qo'shiq tuzilmalari va qorong'u, hissiy balladalari bilan tanilgan. Uning musiqasini tanqidchilar operativ deb ta'riflab, unga "the" laqabini berishgan Karuzo "Orbison" ning ko'plab qo'shiqlari, aksariyat erkaklar rok-rol ijrochilari ashaddiy erkaklikni loyihalashtirishni tanlagan bir paytda zaiflikni ifoda etgan. U o'zining uyatchanligi va mashhurligi bilan tanilgan edi. sahna qo'rquvi, u qora quyoshdan saqlaydigan ko'zoynak taqib olgan.

Orbison a-da kuylashni boshladi rockabilly va mamlakat va g'arbiy o'rta maktabda guruh. U tomonidan imzolangan Sem Fillips ning Quyosh yozuvlari 1956 yilda, lekin u bilan eng katta muvaffaqiyatidan zavqlandi Yodgorlik yozuvlari. 1960 yildan 1966 yilgacha Orbisonning 22 ta singlisi yetib keldi Billboard Top 40. U o'zining deyarli barcha Top 10 xitlarini yozgan yoki hammualliflik qilgan, shu jumladan "Faqat yolg'iz " (1960), "Yugurish qo'rqib ketdi " (1961), "Yig'lamoq " (1961), "Orzularda "(1963) va"Oh, chiroyli ayol "(1964). 1960-yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab Orbison bir qator shaxsiy fojialarga duch keldi va karerasi sustlashdi.

Orbison 1980-yillarda uning qo'shiqlarining bir nechta qopqoq versiyalari muvaffaqiyat qozonganidan keyin mashhurlik qayta tiklandi. 1988 yilda u asos solgan Wilburysga sayohat qilish (rok supergrup) bilan Jorj Xarrison, Bob Dilan, Tom Petti va Jeff Leyn. Orbison 1988 yil dekabr oyida 52 yoshida yurak xurujidan vafot etdi. Bir oy o'tgach, uning qo'shig'i "Sizda bor "(1989) yakkaxon singl sifatida chiqdi va bu AQShning deyarli 25 yil ichida eng yaxshi 10 taligiga kirgan birinchi hitiga aylandi.

Orbison-ning sharafiga induksiyalar kiradi Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali va Nashvill qo'shiq mualliflari shon-sharaf zali 1987 yilda, Qo'shiqlar mualliflari shon-sharaf zali 1989 yilda va Shon-sharaf va muzey musiqachilari zali u 2014 yilda "Grammy Lifetime Achievement" mukofoti va yana beshta Grammy mukofoti. Rolling Stone uni "Barcha zamonlarning eng zo'r rassomlari" ro'yxatidagi 37-raqamga va "Barcha zamonlarning eng zo'r 100 qo'shiqchilari" ro'yxatidagi 13-raqamga joylashtirdi. 2002 yilda, Billboard jurnali uni Top 600 ovoz yozuvchi rassomlari ro'yxatida 74-o'rinda qayd etdi.

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Orbison 1936 yil 23 aprelda tug'ilgan Vernon, Texas,[1] neft quduqlari burg'iluvchisi va mashina ustasi Orbi Li Orbisonning o'rta o'g'li (1913-1984) va hamshira Nadin Vesta Shuls (1913 yil 25 iyul - 1992 yil 12 may).[2] Oila ko'chib o'tdi Fort-Uort 1942 yilda samolyot zavodlarida ish topishga.[3]

Roy Denver Avenyu boshlang'ich maktabida tahsil oldi[3] poliomiyelit qo'rquvi oilani Vernonga qaytishga undaguncha va ular yana ko'chib ketishdi Vink, Texas 1946 yilda. Orbison Vinkdagi hayotni "futbol, ​​neft konlari, moy, moy va qum" deb ta'riflagan.[4] va vayron bo'lgan shaharni tark eta olgani uchun yengillik bildirdi.[a][6] Orbison bolalarining hammasi yaxshi ko'rish qobiliyatiga ega emas edilar; Roy yoshligidanoq qalin tuzatuvchi linzalardan foydalangan. U o'zining tashqi qiyofasiga e'tibor qaratdi va yoshligidayoq oppoq sochlarini qora rangga bo'yashni boshladi.[7] U jim, o'zini o'zi yoqtiradigan va ajoyib tarzda muloyim va majburiy edi.[8] Ammo u har doim qo'shiq aytishni juda xohlardi. U ovozini esda qolarli, ammo unchalik katta emas deb hisoblardi.[4]

Royning oltinchi tug'ilgan kunida otasi unga gitara sovg'a qildi. U 7 yoshida "Men tugatdim, bilasizmi, boshqa narsa bilan" deb esladi va musiqa uning hayotining markaziga aylandi.[9] Uning yoshligidagi asosiy musiqiy ta'siri mamlakat musiqasi edi. Uni ayniqsa hayajonlantirdi Lefty Frizzell bo'g'inlari xiralashgan holda qo'shiq kuylash,[10] va u "Lefty Wilbury" ismini o'z davrida qabul qilgan Wilburysga sayohat qilish. U ham zavqlanardi Xank Uilyams, Oy Mullikan va Jimmi Rojers. U shaxsan o'zi eshitgan birinchi musiqachilardan biri edi Ernest Tubb, Fort-Uortda yuk mashinasining orqasida o'ynab. G'arbiy Texasda unga duch kelishdi ritm va blyuz, Tex-Mex, orkestr tartiblari Mantovani, va Cajun musiqasi. Cajun favoriti "Jole Blon "u jamoat oldida kuylagan birinchi qo'shiqlaridan biri edi. U 8 yoshida mahalliy radioeshittirishda qo'shiq kuylashni boshladi va 1940 yillarning oxirlarida u shou boshlovchisiga aylandi.[11]

O'rta maktabda Orbison va ba'zi do'stlari "Wink Westerners" guruhini tuzdilar. Ular mamlakat standartlarida va Glenn Miller mahalliy honky-tonks-da qo'shiqlar va har hafta radioeshittirishlar mavjud edi CURB yilda Kermit, Texas.[12] Ularga raqsda o'ynash uchun 400 dollar taklif qilishdi va Orbison musiqa bilan pul ishlashini tushundi. U ro'yxatdan o'tdi Shimoliy Texas shtat kolleji yilda Denton, agar musiqa pul to'lamasa, u neft konlarida ishlashni ta'minlashi uchun geologiyani o'rganishni rejalashtirmoqda.[13] Keyin u maktabdoshi ekanligini eshitdi Pat Boon rekord shartnoma imzolagan edi va bu uning professional musiqachi bo'lishga bo'lgan qarorini yanada kuchaytirdi. U kollejda o'qiyotgan paytida "Ooby Dooby" nomli qo'shiqni bastalagan Dik Penner va Ueyd Mur, va u "Ooby Dooby" ni qo'lida Vinkka qaytib keldi va birinchi kursidan keyin Vink G'arbliklari bilan birga ishlashni davom ettirdi.[14] Keyin u ro'yxatdan o'tdi Odessa Junior kolleji. Guruhning ikkita a'zosi ishdan bo'shatildi va ikkita yangi a'zo qo'shildi,[14] guruh iste'dodlar tanlovida g'olib chiqdi va Texas shtatining Midlend shahridagi KMID-TV-da o'zlarining televizion shoularini qo'lga kiritishdi.[14] Wink Westerners mahalliy televidenieda chiqishlarini davom ettirishdi, dam olish kunlari raqslar o'ynashdi va kunduzi kollejda tahsil olishdi.

Odessada yashab, Orbison spektaklni ko'rdi Elvis Presli.[b] Johnny Cash 1955 va 1956 yillarda ushbu hududni aylanib chiqdi,[14] Wink Westerners bilan bir xil mahalliy teleko'rsatuvda qatnashish,[14] va u Orbisonga Sun Records-da Sem Fillipsga murojaat qilishni taklif qildi. Orbison shunday qildi va unga "Jonni Kesh mening yozuvlar kompaniyamni boshqarmaydi!"[c] KMID teleko'rsatuvlarining muvaffaqiyati ularga KOSA-TV-da yana bir shou bo'ldi va ular o'z ismlarini "Teen Kings" deb o'zgartirdilar.[14] Ular 1956 yilda Odessada joylashgan "Ooby Dooby" ni yozib olishdi Je-Wel yorliq.[4][17] Rekordlar do'koni egasi Poppa Xolifild uni Sam Fillips uchun telefon orqali ijro etdi va Fillips "Teen Kings" bilan shartnoma taklif qildi.[14]

1956-1959: Quyosh yozuvlari va akuff-atirgul

Asosiy maqola: Roy Orbisonning Quyosh yozuvlari
Orbison asl qalin ko'zoynagi bilan (1965 yildagi fotosurat)

O'smir podshohlari bordilar Quyosh studiyasi yilda Memfis, bu erda Fillips yana "Ooby Dooby" ni o'z studiyasida yozib olmoqchi edi. Qo'shiq 1956 yil may oyida Sun 242 da chiqdi[14] va ichiga kirdi Billboard Issiq 100, 59-chi pog'onaga ko'tarilib, 200 000 nusxada sotilmoqda.[4] O'smirlar qirollari gastrol safari bilan Sonni Jeyms, Jonni Xorton, Karl Perkins va naqd pul. Elvis Preslining ta'sirida Orbison g'ayrioddiy tarzda ijro etib, "qarsak chalish uchun qo'limizdan kelgan barcha ishni qildik, chunki bizda bitta hit bor edi".[18] "Yosh podshohlar" ham "rockabilly" uslubida qo'shiqlar yozishni boshladilar, shu jumladan "Boring! Boring! Boring! "Va" Rokxaus ". Guruh oxir-oqibat bahsli yozma kreditlar va royalti bo'yicha bo'linib ketdi, ammo Orbison Memfisda qoldi va 16 yoshli qiz do'sti Klodett Fradidan u erda unga qo'shilishni iltimos qildi.[d] Ular Fillipsning uyida, alohida xonalarda uxlab qolishdi. Studiyada Orbison yozuvlar mexanikasiga e'tiborini qaratdi. Fillips Orbisonning ovozini emas, balki gitara chanishini juda yaxshi his qilganini esladi.[19] "Orbison" balladasi "Kloun" deb yozdi, iliq javob bilan uchrashdi; uni eshitgandan so'ng, Sun Records prodyuseri Jek Klement Orbisonga hech qachon balad qo'shiqchisi sifatida erisha olmasligini aytdi.[20]

Orbison Elvis Preslining ijtimoiy doiralari bilan tanishdi, bir paytlar u o'zining binafsha rang Kadillakida Presli uchun sanani topmoqchi edi. Orbison "Klodetta" - 1957 yilda turmushga chiqqan Klodette Fradi haqida - va Everly Brothers uni B tomoni sifatida qayd etdiMen qilishim kerak bo'lgan narsa - bu orzu ". Orbisonning" Sun Records "dan olgan birinchi va, ehtimol, faqat bitta gonorari unga o'zining Cadillac-da dastlabki to'lovni amalga oshirishga imkon berdi. Quyoshdan borgan sari ko'ngli to'lgan, u asta-sekin yozishni to'xtatdi. U Texas atrofidagi musiqa davralarini aylanib chiqdi va keyin etti oy davomida kontsertdan voz kechdi. 1958 yilda.[21]

50-yillarning oxirlarida qisqa muddat davomida Orbison tirikchilik qildi Akuff-Rose, asosan mamlakat musiqasiga bag'ishlangan qo'shiq muallifi firmasi. Bir kunni qo'shiq yozish uchun sarflaganidan so'ng, u bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta namoyish lentalarini yaratib, ularni jo'natgan Uesli Rouz, ularni yozib olish uchun musiqiy aktlarni topishga kim harakat qiladi. Orbison sotmoqchi bo'ldi RCA Viktor u bilan ishlagan va hayratda qolgan boshqa yozuvchilarning qo'shiqlarini yozib olgan Chet Atkins, kim Presli bilan gitara chalgan. U bitta qo'shiqni "Menga o'xshaydi" deb nomlagan Boodleaux Bryant. Brayantning Orbison haqidagi taassurotlari "butun musiqa sahnasi bemalol jur'at etgan, uyatchang, uyatchan bola edi. Men uning o'sha paytdagi ashulasini eslayman - muloyimlik bilan, xushmuomalalik bilan, lekin deyarli beparvolik bilan, go'yo uning harakatlari va tanbehlaridan kimdir bezovtalanishi mumkin". u. "[22]

Kechasi shou o'ynab, rafiqasi va yosh bolasi bilan kichkina kvartirada yashab, Orbison tez-tez qo'shiq yozish uchun gitara mashinasiga olib borardi. Qo'shiq muallifi Djo Melson, Orbisonning tanishi 1958 yilda Texasda bir kuni uning mashinasi oynasini qoqib qo'ydi va ikkalasi birgalikda bir nechta qo'shiq yozishga qaror qilishdi.[23] 1958 va 1959 yillarda uchta yozuv sessiyalarida Orbison etti qo'shiqni yozib oldi RCA Nashville. Faqat ikkita singl RCA tomonidan chiqarilishga loyiq deb topildi.[24] Uesli Rouz Orbisonni prodyuser e'tiboriga havola etdi Fred Foster da Yodgorlik yozuvlari.

1960–1964: Yodgorlik yozuvlari va yulduzligi

Erta turmush qurmaganlar

Orbison "" yozuvini ommalashtirgan birinchilardan bo'lib yozuvchisi edi.Neshvill ovozi "deb nomlangan sessiya musiqachilari guruhi bilan Neshvil A jamoasi. Nashvill ovozi ishlab chiqaruvchilar Chet Atkins tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan, Ouen Bredli (kim bilan yaqin hamkorlik qilgan Patsy Klayn ), Sem Fillips va Fred Foster.[25][26] Nashvildagi Monumentga bag'ishlangan birinchi mashg'ulotida Orbison RCA rad qilgan "Qog'ozli bola" qo'shig'ini yozdi, uni "Bug bilan" qo'llab-quvvatladi, ammo ikkalasi ham jadvalga kiritilmagan.[27]

Musiqachi va muallif Albin Zakning so'zlariga ko'ra, studiya (ovoz muhandisi bilan) Bill Porter, kim bilan tajriba o'tkazdi yaqin miking The do-wop qo'shiqchi qo'shiqchilar), Foster tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan musiqa va unga qo'shilgan musiqachilar Orbison musiqasiga "sayqallangan, professional ovoz ... nihoyat Orbisonning uslubiy moyilligini erkin ushlab turishga imkon berishdi".[24] Orbison torli qismni so'radi va shu bilan u uchta yangi qo'shiqni yozdi, ulardan eng e'tiborlisi Djo Melson bilan yozilgan "Uptown" edi.[28] Natijalardan taassurot qoldirgan Melson keyinchalik: "Biz studiyada turib, pleyblarni tinglab, uni dunyodagi eng chiroyli ovoz deb o'yladik", deb esladi.[4][29] Rolling Stone Illustrated Rock and Roll tarixi Nashvillda ishlab chiqarilgan Orbison musiqasi "rokga yangi ko'rk olib keldi" deb aytdi va orkestr akkompanimentining melodramatik ta'sirini musiqiy asarlar bilan taqqosladi Fil Spektor.[30]

"Uptown" faqatgina 72 raqamiga etib bordi Billboard Top 100 va Orbison biron bir joyda yuqori darajadagi tungi klub bilan shartnoma bo'yicha muzokaralar olib borishni maqsad qilgan. Uning dastlabki muvaffaqiyati xuddi 50-yillarning rok-roll davri tugab borayotgan paytga to'g'ri keldi. 1960 yildan boshlab Qo'shma Shtatlardagi chartlarda o'spirinlarning butlari, yangilik aktlari va Motown qizlar guruhlari ustunlik qila boshladi.[31]

Top-10 xitlar

1960–1962

Yangi ovoz bilan tajriba o'tkazgan Orbison va Djo Melson 1960 yil boshlarida "Uptown" ning elementlaridan foydalangan holda qo'shiq yozdilar va ular yozgan yana bir qo'shiq - "Menga qaytib kel (Mening sevgim)", torlar va Anita Kerr duosidan foydalanganlar. - orqa qo'shiqchilarni almashtirish.[32] Unda Orbison tomonidan urilgan yozuv ham bor edi falsetto bu biograf Kleysonning so'zlariga ko'ra "uning tomog'idan emas, ichkaridan chuqurroq kelgan" kuchli ovozni namoyish etdi.[33] Qo'shiq "Faqat yolg'iz (Men his qiladigan yo'lni bilib oling) "Orbison va Melson buni Elvis Presli va" Everly Brothers "ga berishga harakat qilishdi, ammo rad etishdi.[34] Ular o'rniga qo'shiqni RCA-ning Nashvil studiyasida yozishdi, ovoz muhandisi Bill Porter butunlay yangi strategiyani sinab ko'rishdi, aralashmani pastdan yuqoriga emas, pastdan yuqoriga qarab qurishdi, oldingi pog'onadagi yaqin ovozli vokaldan boshlab va fonda yumshoq ritm bo'limi.[28][35] Ushbu kombinatsiya Orbisonning savdo belgisiga aylandi.[32]

"Faqat Yolg'izlar" ikkinchi raqamga otishdi Billboard Hot 100 va Buyuk Britaniyada va Avstraliyada birinchi o'rinni egalladi. Orbisonning so'zlariga ko'ra, ushbu davrda Melson bilan yozgan keyingi qo'shiqlari uning ovozi, xususan uning diapazoni va kuchini namoyish etish uchun yaratilgan. U aytdi Rolling Stone 1988 yilda "Menga [ovozimning] ovozi yoqdi. Men uni kuylashni, ovozli qo'ng'iroqni yoqtirishni yoqtirardim va buni davom ettirishni davom etardim. Va menimcha," Ooby Dooby "va" Only the Lonely " ", bu yaxshi ovozga aylandi."[36] Uning muvaffaqiyati Orbisonni bir kecha yulduziga aylantirdi va u Dik Klarknikida paydo bo'ldi Saturday Night Beechnut Show Nyu-York shahridan.[37] "Faqatgina yolg'iz" filmini birinchi marta eshitgan Presli do'stlariga topshirish uchun bir quti nusxani sotib oldi.[38] Melson va Orbison unga yanada murakkab "Moviy farishta" bilan ergashdilar, u AQShda to'qqizinchi, Buyuk Britaniyada 11-o'rinni egalladi. "Men Hurtinman", "Men sizni sevishni to'xtata olmayman" qo'shiqchisi sifatida AQShda 27-o'ringa ko'tarildi, ammo Buyuk Britaniyada jadvalga kira olmadi.[39]

Endi Orbison rafiqasi Klodetta va ikki o'g'li Roy Devayn va Entoni King bilan birga Nashvillga ko'chib o'tishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.[14] Orbison studiyaga qaytib, "Faqatgina yolg'iz" va "Men Xurtinman" pop-tovushlaridan o'zgarish qidirib, "Yangi qo'shiq ustida ishladi"Yugurish qo'rqib ketdi "ritmiga asoslanib erkin asoslanadi Ravelniki Bolero; qo'shiq sevgilisining oldingi sevgilisini qidirib topgan, uni olib qochishga urinib ko'rgan odam haqida edi. Orbison qo'shiqning eng baland notasini ovozi buzilmasdan ura olmasligini topgach, qiyinchilikka duch keldi. Uni studiyadagi orkestr qo'llab-quvvatladi va Porter unga o'z hamrohligidan balandroq kuylashi kerakligini aytdi, chunki orkestr uning ovozidan yumshoqroq bo'la olmadi.[40] Keyin Fred Foster Orbisonni studiyaning burchagiga qo'ydi va uning ovozini ta'kidlash uchun qo'lbola izolyatsiya kabinasini tashkil etuvchi palto tokchalari bilan o'rab oldi. Orbison dastlabki ikki uchrashuvdan norozi edi. Ammo uchinchisida u falsetodan foydalanish g'oyasidan voz kechdi va yakuniy balandlikdagi "A" ni tabiiy ravishda kuyladi, shuning uchun hammani hayratda qoldirdi, chunki hamroh musiqachilar o'ynashni to'xtatdilar.[30] Uchinchi qabulda "Running Scared" tugallandi. Fred Foster keyinroq esladi: "U buni qildi va hamma hayrat bilan atrofga qaradi. Hech kim ilgari bunday narsani eshitmagan edi".[4] Bir necha hafta o'tgach, "Running Scared" birinchi o'rinni egalladi Billboard Buyuk Britaniyada Hot 100 grafigi va 9 raqami. Orbisonning quyidagi xitlari tarkibida "Running Scared" aks ettirilgan: hissiy jihatdan zaif odam yo'qotish yoki qayg'uga yuz tutishi, kressendo bilan kutilmagan avjiga ko'tarilishi, Orbisonning dinamik ovozi bilan ishlash.[39]

"Yig'lash" 1961 yilning iyulida kuzatilgan va ikkinchi raqamga yetgan; Fred Nil va Beverli Ross tomonidan yozilgan "Candy Man" tezkor R&B qo'shig'i bilan qo'shilib, u Billboard Top 30, ikki oy davomida chartlarda qolish.[39] 1962 yilda Orbison Avstraliyada gastrol safari chog'ida bo'lganida, avstraliyalik DJ uni qisman uning dramatik balladalaridagi katta pardozlarga asoslangan holda "Katta O" deb atagan va moniker u bilan birga qolgan. Xuddi shu yili Orbisonning ikkinchi o'g'li tug'ildi va Orbison AQShda to'rtinchi raqamni va Buyuk Britaniyada ikkinchi raqamni urdi "Dream Baby (Men qancha vaqt orzu qilishim kerak) ", mamlakat qo'shiq mualliflari tomonidan ko'tarilgan qo'shiq Sindi Uolker. (Orbison ishlab chiqaruvchisi keyinchalik shakllandi shirinliklar kvintet, 1965 yildan 1970 yilgacha Orbisonning qo'llab-quvvatlovchi guruhi bo'lgan va bir nechta singl va ikkita albom chiqardi). Shuningdek, 1962 yilda u Vink yaqinidagi neft konlarida bir yoz ishlash haqida yozgan "Olomon", "Liya" va "Odam uchun Workin '" kartalarini tuzdi.[41][42] Jou Melson bilan bo'lgan munosabati, Melsonning yakka karerasi hech qachon erdan tushmaydi degan xavotirlari ortib borayotgani sababli yomonlashdi.[43]

1963–1964

Orbison 1963 yilda quyoshdan saqlaydigan ko'zoynak taqqan holda o'z ijrosini boshladi, keyinroq u "g'alati bo'lishga intilmayotganini ... Menga kiyinish yoki o'zimni yoki boshqa narsalarni qanday taqdim etishni aytgan menejerim yo'q edi, lekin bu tasvir sirli odam va qora tanli jimjit odam, biron bir narsaga qaramay, men hech qachon bo'lmaganman, aslida ".[44]

Orbison oxir-oqibat uning shaxsiyatini aks ettirmaydigan tasvirni yaratdi. 1960-yillarning boshlarida u hech qanday publitsist yo'q edi, shuning uchun u muxlislar jurnallarida kam qatnashdi va uning yagona yenglarida uning surati aks etmadi. Hayot uni "noma'lum mashhur" deb atagan.[45] 1963 yilda Beatles bilan gastrol paytida qalin ko'zoynagini samolyotda qoldirgandan so'ng, Orbison o'zining retsepti bo'yicha Wayfarer quyosh ko'zoynagini sahnada kiyishga majbur bo'ldi va u ularni afzal ko'rdi. Uning biograflari, u hazil tuyg'usini yaxshi bilgan va hech qachon yomon xulqli bo'lmagan bo'lsa-da, Orbison juda uyatchan va qattiq azob chekkan sahna qo'rquvi; quyoshdan saqlaydigan ko'zoynak taqib olish unga biroz yashirinishga yordam berdi. Quyosh ko'zoynaklari ba'zi kishilar uni ko'r deb taxmin qilishiga olib keldi.[46] Uning qora liboslari va qo'shiq so'zlari sir va daxlsizlik tasvirini ta'kidlagan.[4][47][48] Uning qorong'i va jirkanch personaji, o'spirinlarga sotiladigan sevgilisi baladidagi titroq ovozi bilan birlashganda, 1960-yillarning boshlarida Orbisonni yulduzga aylantirdi. Uning eng yaxshi 40 ta xiti "bilan davom etdi"Orzularda "(AQSh raqami ettinchi, Buyuk Britaniyaning oltinchi raqami)," Falling "(AQSh raqami 22, Buyuk Britaniyaning raqami 9) va"O'rtacha ayol blyuz "(AQSh raqami beshinchi, Buyuk Britaniyaning uchinchi raqami)"Moviy Bayou "(AQSh raqami 29, Buyuk Britaniyaning uchinchi raqami).[41][49] Marsel Risko tomonidan rasmiy Roy Orbison AQSh diskografiyasiga ko'ra,[50] Italiyada "Blue Bayou" ning noyob muqobil versiyasi chiqarildi. Orbison yozgan Rojdestvo qo'shig'i bilan 1963 yilni yakunladi Villi Nelson, "Chiroyli qog'oz "(AQShning 1963 yildagi raqami 15, Buyuk Britaniyaning 1964 yildagi oltinchi raqami).

1963 yil aprelida "Orzularda" filmi chiqqanligi sababli, Orbisonni almashtirishni so'rashdi Dueyn Eddi bilan eng yaxshi hisob-kitoblar bo'yicha Buyuk Britaniyaga safari davomida Bitlz. U Britaniyaga kelganida, u endi asosiy to'r emasligini tushundi. U hech qachon Bitlz haqida eshitmagan va g'azablanib, ritorik tarzda: "Nima bo'lsa ham, Bitl nima?" bunga Jon Lennon - deb javob qildi, yelkasini qoqib, "men".[51] Ochilish kechasida Orbison avvalroq sahnaga chiqishni ma'qul ko'rdi, garchi u ancha qat'iyatli harakat bo'lsa ham. Orbison 14 ta mahalla bo'ylab qo'shiq aytayotganida, Bitlz guruhi sahnada hayratda qoldi.[52] Va nihoyat, tomoshabinlar "Biz Royni xohlaymiz!" yana, Lennon va Makkartni jismonan Orbisonni ushlab turishdi.[53] Keyinchalik Starr: "In Glazgo, biz hammamiz sahnada u olayotgan ulkan olqishni tingladik. U shunchaki u erda turar edi, hech qanday harakat qilmadi yoki hech narsa qilmadi. "[52] Ammo ekskursiya davomida ikki harakat tezda til topishishni o'rgandilar va bu jarayon "Bitlz" ning uning ishiga qoyil qolgani tufayli osonlashdi.[54] Orbison Lennon bilan qarindoshlikni his qildi, ammo keyinchalik u bilan do'stlik o'rnatadigan Garrison edi.

1963 yilda gastrol safari Orbisonning shaxsiy hayotiga putur etkazdi. Uning rafiqasi Klodett o'z uyini qurgan pudratchi bilan aloqada bo'lgan Xendersonvill, Tennesi. Do'stlar va qarindoshlar nikoh buzilishini uning yoshligi va yolg'iz va zerikishga dosh berolmasligi bilan izohladilar. 1963 yil kuzida Orbison yana Britaniyada gastrol safarida bo'lganida, u unga qo'shildi.[55] U qaerga borsa ham juda mashhur bo'lib, turni Irlandiya va Kanadada yakunlagan. Deyarli darhol u Avstraliya va Yangi Zelandiyani aylanib chiqdi plyaj bolalari va yana Britaniya va Irlandiyaga qaytib keldi, u erda u o'spirin qizlar tomonidan qurshovga olinganligi sababli, Irlandiya politsiyasi qizlarni tortib olish uchun uning chiqishlarini to'xtatishi kerak edi.[56] U yana Avstraliyaga sayohat qildi, bu safar Rolling Stones. Mik Jagger Keyinchalik u Yangi Zelandiyadagi Orbisondan olingan suratni eslatib, "issiq suv manbalarida odamning chiroyli qiyofasi edi."[57]

Orbison ham hamkorlik qila boshladi Bill Dilar u Texasda tanish bo'lgan. Dilar bilan u yozgan "Tugadi ", Buyuk Britaniyada birinchi raqamli xit va uning butun faoliyati davomida uning imzosidan biri bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan qo'shiq. Klodett Dash va Orbison Nashvillga boraman deb yozayotgan xonada yurganida, Orbison so'radi. agar u pul bo'lsa edi. Dilar: "Chiroyli ayol hech qachon pulga muhtoj emas", dedi.[59] Faqat 40 daqiqadan so'ng "Oh, chiroyli ayol "Bajarildi. Riff bilan to'ldirilgan bir asar, u a Bob umid kino, epitet rahm-shafqat Orbison notani urolmagach, u 1964 yil kuzida Qo'shma Shtatlarda birinchi raqamga ko'tarildi va 14 hafta davomida chartlarda qoldi. U Buyuk Britaniyada birinchi raqamga ko'tarildi, shuningdek, jadvallarda jami 18 hafta sarf qildi. Singl etti milliondan ortiq nusxada sotilgan.[4] Orbisonning muvaffaqiyati Britaniyada ko'proq edi; kabi Billboard jurnali "1963 yil 8 avgustda boshlangan 68 haftalik davrda Roy Orbison edi faqat Britaniyada birinchi raqamli singlga ega bo'lgan amerikalik rassom. U buni ikki marta amalga oshirdi, 1964 yil 25-iyunda "Bu tugadi" va 8-oktabrda "Oh, Pretty Woman" qo'shiqlari bilan ijro etdi. Oxirgi qo'shiq ham Amerikada birinchi o'ringa chiqib, Orbisonni inglizlarning hozirgi jadval ustunligidan mahrum qildi. Atlantika okeanining har ikki tomonidagi rassomlar. "[60]

1965-1969 yillar: Ishdagi pasayish va fojialar

Orbison 1967 yilda

Klodette va Orbison xiyonati tufayli 1964 yil noyabr oyida ajrashishgan, ammo 10 oydan keyin yarashishgan. Uning Monument bilan tuzgan shartnomasi 1965 yil iyunida tugagan edi. Uesli Rouz, hozirda Orbison agenti sifatida ish olib, uni Monument Records-dan Metro-Goldvin-Mayer (MGM) (garchi Evropada u qolgan bo'lsa ham Decca's London rekordlari[61]) million dollar evaziga va Elvis Presli qilganidek televizor va filmlarga kengayishini tushungan holda. Orbison kino ishqibozi bo'lgan va gastrol paytida, yozishda yoki yozuvda bo'lmaganida, kuniga uchtagacha film ko'rishga vaqt ajratgan.[62]

Rose shuningdek Orbison-ning prodyuseriga aylandi. Keyinchalik Fred Foster Rozening boshqaruviga o'tishi Orbisonning MGM-dagi ishining tijoratdagi muvaffaqiyatsizligi uchun javobgar bo'lishi kerakligini ilgari surdi. Muhandis Bill Porter, Orbisonning eng yaxshi ishiga faqat RCA Nashvillning A-Team bilan erishish mumkinligiga rozi bo'ldi.[27] Orbisonning MGM-dagi birinchi to'plami, albomi Faqat bitta Roy Orbison bor, 200 mingdan kam nusxada sotilgan.[4] Ning boshlanishi bilan Britaniya bosqini 1964–65 yillarda ommabop musiqa yo'nalishi keskin o'zgarib ketdi va Orbison avlodining aksariyat ijrochilari chartlardan haydaldi.[63]

1966 yilda Buyuk Britaniyada yana gastrol safari paytida,[64] Orbison poyga trassasida minglab qichqirayotgan muxlislar oldida mototsikldan yiqilib tushayotgan oyog'ini sindirdi; u shu kuni kechqurun aktyorlar tarkibida o'z shousini namoyish etdi. Klodet Angliyaga safarning qolgan qismida Roy bilan birga borish uchun yo'l oldi. Endi er-xotin baxtli ravishda qayta turmush qurganligi va yana birga bo'lganligi (ular 1965 yil dekabrida qayta turmush qurishgan) jamoatchilikka ma'lum bo'ldi.[65]

Orbison mashinalar bilan hayratga tushgan. U o'ziga yoqqan mashinani kuzatib borishi va haydovchiga joyida taklif qilayotgani ma'lum bo'lgan.[66]

Orbison va Klodet mototsikllarga bo'lgan muhabbatini bo'lishdi; u ularning atrofida o'sgan, ammo Roy Elvis Presli uni mototsikl bilan tanishtirganini da'vo qildi.[67] 1966 yil 6 iyunda, Orbison va Klodet uyga ketayotganlarida Bristol, Tennessi, u Janubiy suv xiyobonida oldida chiqib ketgan pikapning eshigini urib yubordi Gallatin, Tennessi va bir zumda vafot etdi.[68]

Xafa bo'lgan Orbison o'zini hamkorlikda ishiga tashladi Bill Dilar uchun musiqa yozish Eng tezkor gitara tirik, MGM unga ham suratga tushishni rejalashtirgan film. Dastlab u dramatik G'arbiy sifatida rejalashtirilgan, ammo komediya sifatida qayta yozilgan.[69] Orbisonning xarakteri ayg'oqchi bo'lib, u Konfederatsiya armiyasiga oltinni saqlash va etkazib berishga majbur bo'lgan. Amerika fuqarolar urushi va miltiqqa aylangan gitara bilan ta'minlangan. Targ'ibotchi unga "Men bu bilan seni o'ldirib, dafn marosimingni bir vaqtda o'tkazsam ham bo'lar edi" degan satrni etkazishga ruxsat berdi, biograf Kolin Eskottning so'zlariga ko'ra "nolga mahkum etilgan".[4] Orbison filmdan mamnun edi, garchi bu juda muhim va kassada muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan bo'lsa. MGM shartnomasida beshta filmni qo'shgan bo'lsa-da, boshqa filmlar yaratilmadi.[70][71]

Qo'shiqlariga bag'ishlangan albom yozdi Don Gibson va boshqasi Xank Uilyams qopqoq, lekin ikkalasi ham yomon sotildi. Qarshi madaniyat davrida, kabi rassomlar ustunlik qilgan jadvallar bilan Jimi Xendrix, Jefferson samolyoti, Rolling Stones va eshiklar, Orbison o'zini adashgan va yo'naltirmasligini sezdi, keyinroq shunday dedi: "[men] men o'zim bilan bog'laydigan ko'p narsalarni eshitmadim, shuning uchun men u erda shamollar esib turadigan va fasllar o'zgarib turadigan daraxtga o'xshab turdim. siz yana gullaysiz. "[72]

Angliya bo'ylab gastrol safari va o'ynash paytida Birmingem 1968 yil 14 sentyabr, shanba kuni[73] unga Tennesi shtatidagi Xendersonvildagi uyi yonib ketganligi va uning ikkita katta o'g'li vafot etganligi haqida xabar keldi.[74] Mulk sotildi Johnny Cash, binoni buzib tashlagan va unga bog 'barpo etgan. 1969 yil 25 martda Orbison nemis o'spiriniga uylandi Barbara Yakobs, u o'g'illari o'limidan bir necha hafta oldin uchrashgan.[75] Klodett bilan kenja o'g'li Uesli (1965 yilda tug'ilgan) Orbisonning ota-onasi tomonidan tarbiyalangan. Orbison va Barbara o'g'il ko'rdilar (Roy Kelton ) 1970 yilda va boshqasi (Aleksandr ) 1975 yilda.[76]

1970-yillar: kurashlar

Orbison 1970-yillarda albomlarni yozishni davom ettirdi, ammo ularning hech biri yaxshi sotilmadi. 1976 yilgacha u butun o'n yillikni albomlar jadvaliga kirmasdan o'tkazdi. U, shuningdek, Avstraliyadagi bir nechta qo'shiqlardan tashqari, hech qanday mashhur singllarni ishlab chiqara olmadi. Uning boyligi shunchalik pasayib ketdiki, u o'zining iste'dodiga shubha qila boshladi va 1970-yillarning bir nechta albomlari AQShda savdosi pastligi sababli xalqaro miqyosda chiqarilmadi. U 1973 yilda MGM Records-dan ketgan va Mercury Records bilan bitta albom shartnomasini imzolagan.[77] Piter Lehman Orbisonning yo'qligi uning shaxsiyati sirining bir qismi ekanligini kuzatdi: "U qayerdan kelgani hech qachon aniq bo'lmaganligi sababli, hech kim u qaerga ketgani haqida unchalik o'ylamagan ko'rinadi; u shunchaki yo'q edi."[78] Biroq, uning ta'siri aniq edi, chunki bir nechta rassomlar uning qo'shiqlarining mashhur muqovalarini chiqarishdi. Orbison versiyasi "Sevgi azoblidir "tomonidan qayta ishlangan Gram Parsons va Emmylou Xarris, yana hard rock guruhi tomonidan Nosira va blyuz rassomi tomonidan Jim Kapaldi. Sonni Jeyms 'Only the Lonely' ning versiyasi kantri musiqa jadvallarida birinchi o'rinni egalladi.[79] Bryus Springstin kontsertlarini Orbison qo'shiqlari bilan yakunladi va Glen Kempbell "Dream Baby" remeyki bilan kichik xitga uchragan.

Orbison-ning eng katta xitlari to'plami 1976 yil yanvar oyida Buyuk Britaniyada birinchi o'rinni egalladi va Orbison konsertlar ochishni boshladi Burgutlar o'sha yili kim boshladi Linda Ronstadt zaxira tasmasi. Ronstadtning o'zi yopiq "Moviy Bayou "1977 yilda uning versiyasi uchinchi o'rinni egallagan Billboard jadvallar va jadvallarda 24 hafta davomida qolish. Orbison, ayniqsa, karerasini emas, balki mashhur ongdagi xotirasini qayta tiklash uchun ushbu qopqoqni ta'kidladi.[80] 1976 yilda yana Monument bilan imzoladi va yozib oldi ".Qayta tiklanish "Fred Foster bilan, lekin bu avvalgidan ko'ra muvaffaqiyatli emasligini isbotladi.

Orbison, Karl Perkins, Jonni Kesh va Jerri Li Lyuis bilan 1977 yilgi Rojdestvo uchun televizion dastur uchun

1977 yil oxirida Orbison o'zini yaxshi his qilmadi va qishni shu erda o'tkazishga qaror qildi Gavayi. U o'sha erda joylashgan kasalxonaga murojaat qildi, u erda uning jiddiy to'siq qo'yganligi aniqlandi koronar arteriyalar. U uch marta o'tkazildi koronar bypass 1978 yil 18-yanvarda. U azob chekdi o'n ikki barmoqli ichak yarasi 1960 yildan beri va o'spirinlikdan beri chekuvchi bo'lgan.[81]

1980-1988 yillar: Ishni tiklash

1980 yilda, Don Maklin "Yig'lamoqda" yozuvi[14] birinchi navbatda Gollandiyada, so'ngra AQShda beshinchi raqamga etib bordi va 15 hafta davomida chartlarda qoldi; u uch hafta davomida Buyuk Britaniyada birinchi o'rinni egalladi va Irlandiya chartlarida birinchi o'rinni egalladi.[82] Orbison AQShda unutilgan, ammo u unchalik mashhur bo'lmagan joylarda mashhurlikka erishgan Bolgariya 1982 yilda.[14] U 1964 yilda bo'lgani kabi u erda ham mashhur bo'lganini ko'rib, hayratga tushdi va ko'chalarda gavjum bo'lganligi sababli mehmonxonasida yashashga majbur bo'ldi. Sofiya.[83] 1981 yilda u va Emmylou Xarris g'olib bo'lishdi Grammy mukofoti komediya filmidagi "That Lovin 'You Feelin' Again" duetlari uchun Roadi (unda Orbison ham epizodik rol o'ynagan) va ishlar ko'tarila boshlagan.[84] Bu Orbisonning birinchi Gremmi edi va u mashhur musiqaga to'liq qaytishga umidvor bo'lib tuyuldi,[85] Shu vaqitning o'zida, Van Halen 1982 yilgi albomida "Oh, Pretty Woman" ning hard-rock muqovasini chiqardi Diver Down, Orbison musiqasiga yosh avlodni yanada ta'sir qilish.[84]

Orbison 1987 yilda Nyu-Yorkda chiqish qildi

Orbison dastlab rad etdi Devid Linch film uchun "Orzularda" dan foydalanishga ruxsat berish to'g'risida iltimos Moviy baxmal (1986).[86] Linch baribir undan foydalandi (garchi uning birinchi tanlovi "Yig'lash")[87]); qo'shiq nomlangan psixopatik belgining bir nechta obsesyonlaridan biri bo'lib xizmat qildi Frenk But (o'ynagan Dennis Xopper ). Bu lab tomonidan sinxronlangan g'azablanmoq tomonidan o'ynagan narkotik sotuvchisi Dekan Stokvell, shundan so'ng But qo'shiqni qayta-qayta ijro etishni talab qildi, bir marta qo'shiq ijro etilayotganda qahramonni kaltakladi. Filmni suratga olish paytida Linch qo'shiqni syurreal muhitga ega qilish uchun qo'shiqni qayta-qayta ijro etilishini so'radi.[88] Dastlab Orbison uni ishlatishdan hayratga tushdi: u filmni Malibudagi teatrda ko'rdi va keyinroq: "Men" mortified "edim, chunki ular" konfet rangidagi masxaraboz "haqida gaplashishdi ... Dunyoda nima bor ...? ' Keyinchalik, men gastrol safarlarida bo'lganimda, biz videoni chiqardik va men Dovudning qo'shiqqa bergan qo'shig'ini va qo'shiqning filmga bergan hissasini - "In" ga yangi o'lchov qo'shgan bu dunyodagi sifatga qanday erishganligini juda yaxshi angladim. Orzular "."[4]

1987 yilda Orbison qayta yozilgan xitlar albomini chiqardi Dreams: The Greatest Hits. Do'sti bilan hamkorlikda yozgan "Hayot yo'qoladi" Glenn Dansig va yozib olingan, filmda namoyish etilgan Noldan kam (1987).[89] U va k.d. lang filmga saundtrekka qo'shilishi uchun "Yig'lamoq" duetini ijro etdi Yashirish (1987); juftlik oldi Vokallar bilan eng yaxshi hamkorlik uchun Grammy mukofoti Orbison vafotidan keyin.[90]

Shuningdek, 1987 yilda Orbison tarkibiga kiritilgan Nashvill qo'shiq mualliflari shon-sharaf zali va boshlangan Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali o'z albomiga murojaat qilib nutqini yakunlagan Bryus Sprinstin tomonidan Yugurish uchun tug'ilgan: "Menga Bob Dilan singari Fil Spektorga o'xshagan so'zlar yozilgan yozuv kerak edi - lekin, eng muhimi, Roy Orbison singari qo'shiq aytishni xohlardim. Endi hamma biladiki, hech kim Roy Orbison singari qo'shiq aytmaydi."[91] Bunga javoban, Orbison Sprinstindan nutqning nusxasini so'radi va uning induksiyasi haqida aytganda, bu sharaf bilan "tasdiqlangan" edi.[91]

Bir necha oy o'tgach, Orbison va Springsteen yana birlashib, kontsertni suratga olishdi Cocoanut Grove tungi klubi Los-Anjelesda. Ularga qo'shilishdi Jekson Braun, T Bone Burnett, Elvis Kostello, Tom kutmoqda, Bonni Reyt, Jennifer Uornes, Jeyms Berton,[92] va k.d. lang. Keyinchalik Lang Orbisonning juda iste'dodli va band bo'lgan musiqachilarning ko'magi bilan qanday kamtar bo'lganini aytib berdi: "Roy hammamizga qarab:" Agar men siz uchun biron bir narsa qila olsam, iltimos, meni chaqiring ", dedi. U Bu juda jiddiy edi. Bu bizga minnatdorchilik bildirish uslubi edi. Bu juda ta'sirchan edi. "[93] Konsert bir marotaba suratga olingan va efirga uzatilgan Kinemaks sarlavha ostida Roy Orbison va uning do'stlari: qora va oq tun; u Virgin Records tomonidan 50 ming nusxada sotilgan videoga chiqarildi.[94]

1988 yilda Orbison jiddiy hamkorlik qila boshladi Elektr nurlari orkestri bandlider Jeff Leyn yangi albomda. Layn endigina Jorj Xarrisonnikida ishlab chiqarish ishlarini yakunlagan edi To'qqiz bulut albomi va bir kuni Orbison Harrisonning yangi singlida qo'shiq kuylashga taklifni qabul qilganida, uchalasi ham tushlik qilishdi.[95] Keyinchalik ular murojaat qilishdi Bob Dilan, o'z navbatida, ularga o'z uyidagi ovoz yozish studiyasidan foydalanishga ruxsat bergan. Yo'lda, Harrison tezda tashrif buyurdi Tom Petti uning gitara olish uchun yashash joyi; Petti va uning guruhi so'nggi safarida Dilanni qo'llab-quvvatlagan edi.[96] O'sha oqshomga qadar guruh "Ehtiyotkorlik bilan ishlang ", bu butun albomni yozib olish kontseptsiyasiga olib keldi. Ular o'zlarini Wilburysga sayohat qilish, o'zlarini bir xil otasi bilan birodar sifatida namoyish etishadi. Ular o'zlariga sahna nomlarini berishdi; Orbison o'zining musiqiy qahramonidan o'zini tanlab oldi va o'zini Lefty Frizzelldan keyin "Lefty Wilbury" deb atadi.[97][98] Ravshan musiqachilarning sayohatchilar guruhining kontseptsiyasini kengaytirib, Orbison guruhning sharafiga asos solganligi haqida bir taklifni taklif qildi: "Ba'zilar dadam kad va asoschi bo'lgan deyishadi. Men uni baptistlar vaziri sifatida eslayman".[99]

Keyinchalik Layn ovoz yozish sessiyalari haqida gapirdi: "Hamma u erda o'tirib," Voy, bu Roy Orbison! " ... Garchi u sizning do'stingizga aylangan bo'lsa-da, siz o'sha [mikrofon] ortiga o'tirib, o'z biznesini olib borishi bilanoq, siz osoyishta bo'lib kulasiz va kechki ovqatga borasiz, to'satdan vaqt titrab qoldi. "[100] Guruhning birinchi albomi, Sayohat qilish Wilburys Vol. 1 (1988), 1988 yil 25 oktyabrda chiqarilgan.[101] Orbisonga bitta yakkaxon trek berildi "Endi yolg'iz emas "albomda. Uning hissalari matbuot tomonidan yuqori baholandi.[90][102]

Orbison yulduzlikdagi ikkinchi imkoniyatini qat'iyat bilan davom ettirdi, ammo u o'z muvaffaqiyatidan hayratda ekanligini bildirdi: "Qayta istalayotganim juda yoqimli, ammo baribir bunga to'liq ishonolmayman."[103] U o'zining yangi qiyofasiga va turnelarning doimiy talabiga, shuningdek, video suratga olishning yangi talablariga mos kelish uchun ozgina vazn yo'qotdi. Hayotining so'nggi uch oyida u berdi Rolling Stone jurnal uning kundalik faoliyatiga keng kirish huquqi; u tarjimai hol yozishni niyat qilgan va xohlagan Martin Shin uni biopikda o'ynash.[6]

Orbison yakka albomini yakunladi, Sirli qiz, 1988 yil noyabrda.[104] Sirli qiz tomonidan birgalikda ishlab chiqarilgan Jeff Leyn. Orbison Leynni u bilan hamkorlik qilgan eng yaxshi prodyuser deb hisobladi.[105] Elvis Kostello, Orbisonning o'g'li Uesli va boshqalar unga o'z qo'shiqlarini taklif qilishdi.[41][49]

Taxminan 1988 yil noyabrida Orbison bunga ishondi Johnny Cash uning ko'krak qafasi og'riyotganini. U Evropaga bordi, u erda mukofot bilan taqdirlandi va namoyish o'tkazdi Antverpen, bu erda "Siz tushundingiz" klipi uchun kadrlar suratga olingan. U gavjum jadvalda kuniga bir nechta intervyular berdi. Bir necha kundan so'ng, klubdagi menejer Boston u kasal bo'lib ko'ringanidan xavotirda edi, ammo Orbison shouni olqishlab o'ynadi.[104]

O'lim va oqibatlar

Feniksning cholg'u asboblari muzeyining rassomlar galereyasidagi Roy Orbison ko'rgazmasi

O'lim

Orbison yilda Front Row teatrida namoyish Highland Heights, Ogayo shtati 1988 yil 4-dekabrda. Charchaganidan keyin u Hendersonvildagi uyiga qaytib, bir necha kun dam olish uchun Londonga uchib ketib, Sayohat qilayotgan Uilberilar uchun yana ikkita videoni suratga oldi. 1988 yil 6-dekabrda u kunni uchib o'tkazdi model samolyotlar o'g'illari bilan va Xendersonvildagi onasining uyida kechki ovqatni iste'mol qilishdi. O'sha kuni, u vafot etdi yurak xuruji 52 yoshida.[106]

Orbison uchun yodgorlik Nashvillda, yana biri Los-Anjelesda bo'lib o'tdi. U dafn qilindi Westwood Village Memorial Park qabristoni belgilanmagan qabrda.[107][108]

Natijada

Sirli qiz tomonidan chiqarilgan Virgin Records 1989 yil 31 yanvarda.[109] Dan eng katta zarba Sirli qiz edi "Sizda bor ", Linn va Tom Petti bilan yozilgan." You Got It "AQShda 9-o'ringa, Buyuk Britaniyada 3-o'ringa ko'tarildi.[41][49] Ushbu qo'shiq Orbisonni vafotidan keyin Grammy mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi.[110] Ga binoan Rolling Stone, "Mystery Girl o'zining klassik ovozining epikligi va ulug'vorligini puxta, zamonaviy ishlab chiqarishda yashiradi - albom Orbisonni buyuk qilgan barcha narsalarni qamrab oladi va shu sababli ham unga munosib valedictory beradi".[111]

Sayohat qilish Wilburys Vol. 1 53 xaftani AQSh chartlarida o'tkazdi va uchinchi o'rinni egalladi. Avstraliyada 1-raqamga, Buyuk Britaniyada 16-raqamga yetdi. Albom uchun "Gremmi" mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi Duo yoki guruhning eng yaxshi rok ijrochiligi.[90] Rolling Stone uni o'n yillikning eng yaxshi 100 albomiga kiritdi.[102]

1989 yil 8 aprelda Orbison o'shandan beri vafot etgan birinchi musiqachi bo'ldi Elvis Presli bir vaqtning o'zida AQShning beshta beshta albomiga ega bo'lish Sayohat qilish Wilburys Vol. 1 4-raqamda va uning o'zi Sirli qiz 5-raqamda.[112] Birlashgan Qirollikda u o'limidan keyin yana katta yutuqlarga erishdi, 1989 yil 11 fevralda Top 3-da ikkita yakkaxon albomi bilan (Sirli qiz 2 raqami va kompilyatsiyasi edi Afsonaviy Roy Orbison 3 raqami edi).[113]

Sayohat qiluvchi Uilberisning "Ehtiyotkorlik bilan ish tut" filmi Orbison bilan suratga olingan bo'lsa-da, "Satrning oxiri " was filmed and released posthumously. During Orbison's vocal solo parts in "End of the Line", the video shows a guitar in a rocking chair next to Orbison's framed photo.[114][yaxshiroq manba kerak ]

On October 20, 1992, Qalblar shohi --another album of Orbison songs--was released.[115]

In 2014, a demo of Orbison's "The Way Is Love" was released as part of the 25th-anniversary deluxe edition of Sirli qiz. The song was originally recorded on a stereo cassette player around 1986. Orbison's sons contributed instrumentation on the track along with Roy's vocals; tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan John Carter Cash.[116]

Uslub va meros

"[Roy Orbison] was the true master of the romantic apocalypse you dreaded and knew was coming after the first night you whispered 'I Love You' to your first girlfriend. You were going down. Roy was the coolest uncool loser you'd ever seen. With his Coke-bottle black glasses, his three-octave range, he seemed to take joy sticking his knife deep into the hot belly of your teenage insecurities."

—Bryus Springstin, 2012 SXSW Keynote Address[117]

Rock and roll in the 1950s was defined by a driving orqa urish, heavy guitars, and lyrical themes that glorified youthful rebellion.[118] Few of Orbison's recordings have these characteristics. The structure and themes of his songs defied convention, and his much-praised voice and performance style were unlike any other in rock and roll. Many of his contemporaries compared his music with that of classically trained musicians, although he never mentioned any classical music influences. Peter Lehman summarised it, writing, "He achieved what he did not by copying classical music but by creating a unique form of popular music that drew upon a wide variety of music popular during his youth."[119] Orbison was known as "the Karuzo tosh "[120][121] and "the Big O".[121]

Roys Boys LLC, a Nashville-based company founded by Orbison's sons to administer their father's catalog and safeguard his legacy, announced a November 16, 2018, release of Unchained Melodies: Roy Orbison with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra album as well as an autumn 2018 Roy Orbison Hologram tour called In Dreams: Roy Orbison in Concert.[122]

Qo'shiq yozish

Tuzilmalar

Musiqiy tanqidchi Deyv Marsh wrote that Orbison's compositions "define a world unto themselves more completely than any other body of work in pop music".[123] Orbison's music, like the man himself, has been described as timeless, diverting from contemporary rock and roll and bordering on the eccentric, within a hair's breadth of being weird.[124] Peter Watrous, writing for the Nyu-York Tayms, declared in a concert review, "He has perfected an odd vision of popular music, one in which eccentricity and imagination beat back all the pressures toward conformity".[125]

In the 1960s, Orbison refused to splice edits of songs together and insisted on recording them in single takes with all the instruments and singers together.[126] The only convention Orbison followed in his most popular songs is the time limit for radio fare in pop songs. Otherwise, each seems to follow a separate structure. Using the standard 32 bar shakl for verses and choruses, normal pop songs followed the verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge-verse-chorus structure. Where A represents the verse, B represents the chorus, and C the bridge, most pop songs can be represented by A-B-A-B-C-A-B, like "Ooby Dooby" and "Claudette". Orbison's "In Dreams" was a song in seven movements that can be represented as Intro-A-B-C-D-E-F; no sections are repeated. In "Running Scared", however, the entire song repeats to build suspense to a final climax, to be represented as A-A-A-A-B. "Crying" is more complex, changing parts toward the end to be represented as A-B-C-D-E-F-A-B'-C'-D'-E'-F'.[127] Although Orbison recorded and wrote standard structure songs before "Only the Lonely", he claimed never to have learned how to write them:[128]

I'm sure we had to study composition or something like that at school, and they'd say 'This is the way you do it,' and that's the way I would have done it, so being blessed again with not knowing what was wrong or what was right, I went on my own way. ... So the structure sometimes has the chorus at the end of the song, and sometimes there is no chorus, it just goes ... But that's always after the fact—as I'm writing, it all sounds natural and in sequence to me."

— Roy Orbison

Elton Jon 's songwriting partner and main lyricist Berni Taupin wrote that Orbison's songs always made "radical left turns", and k.d. lang declared that good songwriting comes from being constantly surprised, such as how the entirety of "Running Scared" eventually depends on the final note, one word.[129] Some of the musicians who worked with Orbison were confounded by what he asked them to do. The Nashville session guitarist Jerri Kennedi stated, "Roy went against the grain. The first time you'd hear something, it wouldn't sound right. But after a few playbacks, it would start to grow on you."[60]

Mavzular

Critic Dave Marsh categorises Orbison's ballads into themes reflecting pain and loss, and dreaming. A third category is his uptempo rockabilly songs such as "Go! Go! Go!" and "Mean Woman Blues" that are more thematically simple, addressing his feelings and intentions in a masculine braggadocio. In concert, Orbison placed the uptempo songs between the ballads to keep from being too consistently dark or grim.[130]

In 1990, Colin Escott wrote an introduction to Orbison's biography published in a CD box set: "Orbison was the master of compression. Working the singles era, he could relate a short story, or establish a mood in under three minutes. If you think that's easy—try it. His greatest recordings were quite simply perfect; not a word or note surplus to intention."[4] After attending a show in 1988, Peter Watrous of The New York Times wrote that Orbison's songs are "dreamlike claustrophobically intimate set pieces".[125] Music critic Ken Emerson writes that the "apocalyptic romanticism" in Orbison's music was well-crafted for the films in which his songs appeared in the 1980s because the music was "so over-the-top that dreams become delusions, and self-pity paranoia", striking "a post-modern nerve".[131] Led Zeppelin ashulachi Robert zavodi favoured American R&B music as a youth, but beyond the black musicians, he named Elvis and Orbison especially as foreshadowing the emotions he would experience: "The poignancy of the combination of lyric and voice was stunning. [Orbison] used drama to great effect and he wrote dramatically."[132]

The loneliness in Orbison's songs that he became most famous for, he both explained and downplayed: "I don't think I've been any more lonely than anyone else ... Although if you grow up in West Texas, there are a lot of ways to be lonely."[132] His music offered an alternative to the postured masculinity that was pervasive in music and culture. Robin Gibb ning Bee Gees stated, "He made emotion fashionable, that it was all right to talk about and sing about very emotional things. For men to sing about very emotional things ... Before that no one would do it."[132] Orbison acknowledged this in looking back on the era in which he became popular: "When ["Crying"] came out I don't think anyone had accepted the fact that a man should cry when he wants to cry."[132]

Ovoz sifati

What separates Orbison from so many other multi-octave-spanning power singers is that he can hit the biggest notes imaginable and still sound unspeakably sad xuddi shu paytni o'zida. All his vocal gymnastics were just a means to a powerful end, not a mission unto themselves. Roy Orbison didn't just sing beautifully—he sang brokenheartedly.

—Stiven Tompson, Milliy radio[133]

Orbison admitted that he did not think his voice was put to appropriate use until "Only the Lonely" in 1960, when it was able, in his words, to allow its "flowering".[134] Carl Perkins, however, toured with Orbison while they were both signed with Sun Records and recalled a specific concert when Orbison covered the Nelson Eddi va Janet MakDonald standart "Hindistonning sevgisi ", and had the audience completely silenced, in awe.[135] When compared to the Everly Brothers, who often used the same session musicians, Orbison is credited with "a passionate intensity" that, according to Rolling Stone Illustrated Rock and Roll tarixi, made "his love, his life, and, indeed, the whole world [seem] to be coming to an end—not with a whimper, but an agonised, beautiful bang".[30]

Bryus Springstin va Billi Joel both commented on the otherworldly quality of Orbison's voice. Duayt Yoakam stated that Orbison's voice sounded like "the cry of an angel falling backward through an open window".[136] Barri Gibb ning Bee Gees went further to say that when he heard "Crying" for the first time, "That was it. To me that was the voice of God."[132] Elvis Presley stated Orbison's voice was the greatest and most distinctive he had ever heard.[137] Orbison's music and voice have been compared to opera by Bob Dylan, Tom Waits, and songwriter Will Jennings, Boshqalar orasida.[138] Dylan marked Orbison as a specific influence, remarking that there was nothing like him on radio in the early 1960s:[139][qaysi? ]

With Roy, you didn't know if you were listening to mariachi or opera. He kept you on your toes. With him, it was all about fat and blood. He sounded like he was singing from an Olympian mountaintop. [After "Ooby Dooby"] he was now singing his compositions in three or four octaves that made you want to drive your car over a cliff. He sang like a professional criminal ... His voice could jar a corpse, always leave you muttering to yourself something like, "Man, I don't believe it".

— Bob Dilan

Likewise, Tim Goodwin, who conducted the orchestra that backed Orbison in Bulgaria, had been told that Orbison's voice would be a singular experience to hear. When Orbison started with "Crying" and hit the high notes, Goodwin stated: "The strings were playing and the band had built up and, sure enough, the hair on the back of my neck just all started standing up. It was an incredible physical sensation."[140] Bassist Jerri Sheff, who backed Orbison in his Qora va oq tun concert, wrote about him, "Roy Orbison was like an opera singer. His voice melted out of his mouth into the stratosphere and back. He never seemed like he was trying to sing, he just did it."[141]

His voice ranged from bariton ga tenor, and music scholars have suggested that he had a three- or four-octave range.[142]

Orbison's severe stage fright was particularly noticeable in the 1970s and early 1980s. During the first few songs in a concert, the vibrato in his voice was almost uncontrollable, but afterward, it became stronger and more dependable.[143] This also happened with age. Orbison noticed that he was unable to control the tremor in the late afternoon and evenings, and chose to record in the mornings when it was possible.[144]

Ishlash

Orbison, center (in white), performing in 1976

Orbison often excused his motionless performances by saying that his songs did not allow instrumental sections so he could move or dance on stage, although songs like "Mean Woman Blues" did offer that.[145] He was aware of his unique performance style even in the early 1960s when he commented, "I'm not a super personality—on stage or off. I mean, you could put workers like Chubby Checker yoki Bobbi Raydel in second-rate shows and they'd still shine through, but not me. I'd have to be prepared. People come to hear my music, my songs. That's what I have to give them."[146]

k.d. lang compared Orbison to a tree, with passive but solid beauty.[147] This image of Orbison as immovable was so associated with him it was parodied by Jon Belushi kuni Saturday Night Live, as Belushi dressed as Orbison falls over while singing "Oh, Pretty Woman", and continues to play as his bandmates set him upright again.[143] However, Lang quantified this style by saying, "It's so hard to explain what Roy's energy was like because he would fill a room with his energy and presence but not say a word. Being that he was so grounded and so strong and so gentle and quiet. He was just there."[132]

Orbison attributed his own passion during his performances to the period when he grew up in Fort Worth while the US was mobilising for World War II. His parents worked in a defence plant; his father brought out a guitar in the evenings, and their friends and relatives who had just joined the military gathered to drink and sing heartily. Orbison later reflected, "I guess that level of intensity made a big impression on me, because it's still there. That sense of 'do it for all it's worth and do it now and do it good.' Not to analyse it too much, but I think the verve and gusto that everybody felt and portrayed around me has stayed with me all this time."[148]

Diskografiya

Asosiy maqola: Roy Orbison diskografiyasi

Hurmat

Rolling Stone placed him at number 37 on their list of the "Greatest Artists of All Time" and number 13 on their list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time'.[149] 2002 yilda, Billboard magazine listed Orbison at number 74 in the Top 600 recording artists.[41]

Shuningdek qarang

Video and televised feature performances:

Izohlar

  1. ^ Ellis Amburn argues that Orbison was bullied and ostracized in Wink and that he gave conflicting reports to Texas newspapers, claiming that it was still home to him while simultaneously maligning the town to Rolling Stone.[5]
  2. ^ Orbison later said that he "couldn't overemphasise how shocking" Presley looked and seemed to him that night.[15]
  3. ^ Both Orbison and Cash mentioned this anecdote years later, but Phillips denied that he was so abrupt on the phone with Orbison or that he hung up on him. One of the Teen Kings later stated that the band did not meet Cash until they were on tour with him and other Sun Records artists.[16]
  4. ^ Alan Clayson's biography refers to her as Claudette Hestand.

Adabiyotlar

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Manbalar

  • Amburn, Ellis (1990). To'q yulduz: Roy Orbison hikoyasi, Carol Publishing Group. ISBN  0-8184-0518-X.
  • Jigarrang, Toni; Kutner, Jon; Warwick, Neil (2000). Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles & Albums, Omnibus. ISBN  0-7119-7670-8.
  • Kleyson, Alan (1989). Only the Lonely: Roy Orbison's Life and Legacy. Sent-Martin matbuoti. ISBN  0-312-03961-1.
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