The Ritz Hotel, London - The Ritz Hotel, London

The Ritz London
Ritz (6902790412) .jpg
Ritz Hotel, London Londonning markaziy qismida joylashgan
The Ritz Hotel, London
Umumiy ma'lumot
Manzil150 Pikdadilli, London, Birlashgan Qirollik
Koordinatalar51 ° 30′26 ″ N 0 ° 08′30 ″ V / 51.50722 ° 0.114167 ° Vt / 51.50722; -0.14167Koordinatalar: 51 ° 30′26 ″ N 0 ° 08′30 ″ V / 51.50722 ° 0.114167 ° Vt / 51.50722; -0.14167
Ochildi24 may 1906 yil (1906-05-24)
EgasiAbdulhadi Mana Al-Hajri[1]
Loyihalash va qurish
Me'morCharlz Mewes
Artur Devis
TuzuvchiSezar Rits
Boshqa ma'lumotlar
Xonalar soni111
Suite soni23
Restoranlarning soni3
Veb-sayt
www.theritzlondon.com

The Ritz London a II sinf ro'yxati 5 yulduzli mehmonxona joylashgan Pikdadilli yilda London, Angliya. Yuqori jamiyat va hashamatning ramzi bo'lgan mehmonxona dunyodagi eng obro'li va taniqli mehmonxonalardan biridir.[2] Bu xalqaro konsortsiumning a'zosi Dunyoning etakchi mehmonxonalari. Ritz o'z tarixi davomida hashamat va nafislik bilan shunchalik bog'lanib ketganki, "ritzy" so'zi ingliz tiliga o'ziga xos zamonaviy, chiroyli yoki zamonaviy narsalarni belgilash uchun kirib kelgan.[3][4][5][6]

Mehmonxona ochildi Shveytsariya mehmonxona Sezar Rits tashkil etilganidan sakkiz yil o'tgach, 1906 yil may oyida Hotel Ritz Parij. Zaif boshlanishidan so'ng, mehmonxona Birinchi Jahon urushi oxirida mashhurlikka erisha boshladi va ayniqsa siyosatchilar, sotsialistlar, yozuvchilar va aktyorlar orasida mashhur bo'ldi. Devid Lloyd Jorj urushning ikkinchi yarmida Ritsda bir qator maxfiy uchrashuvlar o'tkazgan va aynan Ritsda u Turkiyaga qarshi Gretsiya nomidan aralashish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilgan. Noël qo'rqoq 1920-yillarda va 1930-yillarda Ritsda taniqli ovqatlanish xonasi bo'lgan.

Ga tegishli Bracewell-Smit oilasi 1976 yilgacha bo'lgan muddatga, Ellerman kompaniyalar guruhi dan mehmonxonani 80 million funt sterlingga sotib oldi Trafalgar uyi 1995 yil oktyabrda. Ular sakkiz yil va 40 million funt sterling sarflab, uni avvalgi obro'siga qaytarishdi. 2002 yilda u mehmonxonani qabul qilgan birinchi mehmonxonaga aylandi Qirollik qarori dan Uels shahzodasi ziyofat va ovqatlanish xizmatlari uchun.

Tashqi ko'rinishi ham ingliz me'morchiligida ozgina iz qoldirgan holda fransuz-amerikalik uslubda ham ingl. Va Parij me'morchilik an'analariga katta ta'sir ko'rsatmoqda. Pikadli tomonidagi fasad taxminan 231 fut (70 m), Arlington ko'chasi tomonidan 115 fut (35 m) va Green Park tomonidan 87 fut (27 m). Ritz pavilion tomlarining burchaklarida mehmonxonaning emblemasi bo'lgan katta yashil mis sherlar joylashgan. Ritz 111 xona va 25 ta suitga ega.

1998 yildan beri Ritz Hotel egalariga tegishli bo'lgan Ritz Club - bu avval Ritz Bar va Grill bo'lgan joyni egallab turgan mehmonxonaning yerto'lasida joylashgan kazino. Bu taklif qiladi ruletka, qora jak, bakkarat va poker, shuningdek, ba'zilari o'yin avtomatlari.

Ichki makon asosan London va Parijdagi dizaynerlar tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Louis XVI uslubi, bu butun davomida izchil. Muallif Markus Binni birinchi qavatdagi xonalarning ajoyib majmuasini "mehmonxona me'morchiligining barcha zamonlari durdonalaridan biri" deb ta'riflaydi va uni "ulkan manzaralari, baland mutanosibliklari va porloq qandillari" bilan qirol saroyiga taqqoslaydi.

Ritsning eng taniqli ob'ekti Palm Court bo'lib, u erda mashhur "Ritz at the tea" joylashgan. Bu xushbichim bezatilgan krem ​​rangli Louis XVI sozlamalari, zarhal bronza ramkalarda nometall bilan qoplangan. Mehmonxonada Mari Antoinette Suite oltita xususiy ovqat xonasi mavjud pechene va II darajadagi * xonalar Uilyam Kent uyi ro'yxatiga kiritilgan. Rivoli bar, yilda qurilgan Art Deco uslubi, 2001 yilda ishlab chiqilgan ichki dizayner Tessa Kennedi, ustidagi satrga o'xshatish Orient Express.

Tarix

Qurilish va dastlabki tarix

1905 yil oktyabr oyida qurilgan Ritz

Shveytsariya mehmonxona Sezar Rits, ning sobiq menejeri Savoy mehmonxonasi, 1906 yil 25 mayda mehmonxonani ochdi. U joylashgan joyda qurilgan Qadimgi oq ot poydevori 1805 yilga kelib Angliyadagi eng taniqli murabbiylar xonalaridan biri bo'lgan.[7] Ritz-ni moliyaviy qo'llab-quvvatlovchilar o'zlarining loyihalari uchun Londondagi eng yaxshi saytlardan birini ta'minlaganliklarini his qilishdi.[8] Ular 1901 yilda muzokaralarni boshladilar,[9] va bir vaqtning o'zida ijara shartnomasini sotib olish bo'yicha operatsiyalarni yakunladi Walsingham House mehmonxonasi va unga qo'shni bepul mulk Vanna mehmonxonasi 1902 yilda 250 ming funt evaziga.[8] Ikkala mehmonxonani buzish 1904 yilda boshlangan.[10]

Bino neoklassik ichida Lyudovik XVI davomida qurilgan uslub Belle Époque ongli ravishda uyg'otadigan o'yin maydonchalarida zamonaviy Parijdagi ko'p qavatli uyga o'xshaydi Rue de Rivoli. Uning me'morlari edi Charlz Mewes, ilgari Ritsning dizaynini ishlab chiqqan Hotel Ritz Parij va Artur Devis tomonidan muhandislik hamkorligi bilan Shved muhandis Sven Bylander. Bu eng qadimiy narsalardan biri edi po'latdan yasalgan ramka Londondagi tuzilmalar, Savoy mehmonxonasi 1903-04 yillarning kengayishi poytaxtda birinchi bo'lib.[11] Mehmonxona qurilishida ishlatiladigan materiallarning aksariyati AQShda ishlab chiqarilgan.[12] Suite uchun dastlabki to'lovlar 1/2 gvineyadan 3 1/2 gvineyagacha bo'lgan.

Ochilishdan keyin mehmonxona va qo'shni uyda yashovchi temir magnat lord Uimburn o'rtasida uzoq davom etgan janjal Wimbourne uyi, erga oid nizolarda bir necha yil davom etdi. Shuningdek, bir qator mahalliy aholi bino va uning sog'lig'iga ta'siri haqida tashvishlanardi.[13][a]

Ritz hali qurilayotganda, bir qator tadbirlar Londonda yana bir hashamatli mehmonxonaga ehtiyoj borligini ta'kidladi. A 3 1905 yil iyun Daily Mail yangiliklar ikkalasi ham xabar berdi Derbi Hafta va turistik mavsumning balandligi, mehmonxonalarda turar joylarni topish deyarli mumkin emas. Savoy esa rezervasyonlarni rad etishga majbur bo'ldi Bukingem saroyi ofislarni tashrif buyuruvchilar uchun vaqtinchalik mehmonxona xonalariga aylantirdi. Yaqinda Ispaniya qirolining tashrifi bilan xonalarga muhtoj bo'lgan yana 2500 kishi kutilgan edi.[16]

Savoyning ochilishi mehmonxonalarning o'z mehmonlariga xizmat ko'rsatishda sezilarli o'zgarishlarga olib kelgan bo'lsa-da, Ritz o'zining London mehmonxonasi ularni etkazib berish bo'yicha raqibidan ustun turishini aniqladi.[b] Ritz doimiy ravishda issiq va sovuq suv oqimini ta'minlash uchun qo'rg'oshin bilan qoplangan ikkita katta tankni o'rnatdi. Mehmonxonaning hammomlari keng edi, ularning har birida o'zlarining isitiladigan sochiq panjarasi bor edi. Mehmonxonadagi har bir yotoq xonasi o'zining ishlaydigan kamin bilan ta'minlangan.[18]

Rits erkin turishdan qochdi shkaflar uning ustiga chang tushishidan qo'rqishidan; o'rniga u qurdi shkaflar eshiklari panelga mos keladigan xonalarga.[19] Ritsning poklik va gigiena g'oyalari uni dastlab xuddi shu sabablarga ko'ra barcha yotoq xonalarini oq rangga bo'yashga va barcha yotoqlarni yog'ochdan emas, balki guruchdan yasalgan.[20] Ritz mehmonlari uchun yangi yoki potentsial foydali narsalar mavjud edi.[21]

Sezar Ritsning sog'lig'i 1902 yilda Karltonda qulagandan so'ng yomonlashdi, ammo u 1906 yil 24 mayda mehmonxonani ochish uchun kechki ovqat rejalarida faol rol o'ynashi uchun o'zini yaxshi his qilar edi. Parijdagi Ritsning ochilishidan farqli o'laroq, bu jamiyat uchun mo'ljallangan edi. , Londonning Rits shahridagi ochilish marosimiga taklif etilganlarning aksariyati milliy va xalqaro matbuot vakillari edi. Kabi yirik ingliz gazetalari Daily Mail, Daily Mirror va Daily Telegraph gazetalari bilan birga kechki ovqatga taklif qilindi Berliner Tageblatt, Sidney Morning Herald va The New York Times. Ritsning mehmonlar ro'yxatiga shuningdek, muhandis va qurilish me'morlari, shuningdek, yangi mehmonxonaning asosiy xodimlari va ularning xotinlari kiritilgan.[22]

Mehmonxona ochilgan yillarda juda katta foyda keltirmadi; o'sha davrda paydo bo'lgan ko'plab yangi mehmonxonalardan kichikroq, bu dastlab moda emas edi va London elitasining ko'plari uni qo'pol deb hisoblashgan.[23][c] Bu 1908 yilda 3628 funt sterlingni oldi, bu o'tgan yilga nisbatan ming funtdan ozroq edi va mehmonxona 1906 yil 15 maydan 1908 yil 31 iyulgacha 50 ming funtdan ko'proq pul yo'qotdi, bu menejer Ellesning Teodor Kroell bilan almashtirilishiga va Charlz Vanning tayinlanishiga olib keldi. Gyzelen restoran menejeri sifatida.[24][d]

1910 yilda qirol Edvardning vafotidan keyin mehmonxona ham qattiq zarba ko'rdi, chunki 38 ta rejalashtirilgan kechki ovqat va vazifalar bekor qilindi, ammo keyingi yil bu erda muntazam ravishda ovqatlanadigan Uels shahzodasi tomonidan modaga aylandi. Ritsda tayyorlangan pirojniylarni qirol Edvard ayniqsa yaxshi ko'rardi. Mehmonxona unga muntazam ravishda mol etkazib berar edi, ammo bu maxfiy ravishda saqlanib turar edi, chunki qirolning oshpazi u tayyorlamagan ovqat Bukingem saroyida berilishini bilishni xohlamagan bo'lishi mumkin.[25][e] Ritz ko'p yillar davomida mehmonxonaning ko'p qismini boshqarishni saqlab qoldi. U dunyoga mashhur oshpazni yollagan Auguste Escoffier ta'minlash uchun oshxona mehmonxona bezaklarining boyligiga mos kelish; u kirish eshigiga eshikni qo'riqchi xodimlarga royalti yaqinlashib kelayotgani to'g'risida xabar beradigan maxsus qo'ng'iroqni qo'ydi. 1929 yilga kelib mehmonxona o'zining me'morchiligi uchun maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi; Professor Charlz Reyli Rits haqida yozgan Bino 1929 yildagi jurnal, uni "umumiy shaklning nafisligi" bilan ko'chadagi "eng yaxshi zamonaviy tuzilma" deb atagan.[27]

Oliy jamiyat

1907 yilda Palma Rits sudi
Ritsdagi ovqatlanish xonasi

1914 yil 4-avgustda, Lady Diana Cooper kelajakdagi eri, Duff Cooper, keyin tashqi ishlar idorasi xodimi, Ritsda Graf Esseks va uning amerikalik rafiqasi bilan birga ovqatlandi, Adele Kapell (ism-sharif Grant) va Patrik Shou-Styuart va keyinchalik o'sha kuni Birinchi Jahon urushi partiyaga chiqqanligini e'lon qildi. Urush boshlanishidan oldin Germaniya va Avstriya elchixonalari ikkalasi ham Ritz restoranidagi stollarni saqlab qolishgan.[28] Urush paytida mehmonxona azob chekdi va faqat 1915 yilda 50 ming funt sterling yo'qotdi; Balo zali odatda bo'sh edi va 22:00 gacha chiroqlar o'chib qoldi, ammo xonalar hali ham talabga javob berar edi va mehmonxonachilar uni ochiq saqlashga arziydi.[29] Lady kabi sotsialistlar Sintiya Asquit, kelini H. H. Asquit va Lord Basil Blekvud o'zining kundaliklarida 1916 yil bahorida Ritsda ovqatlangani haqida hujjatlashtirilgan. Keyingi yili u shu kabi ziyofatlar bilan dabdabali kechki ovqatni o'tkazdi. Osbert Situell, Gilbert Rassel va Mod Nelke va Kler Tennant.

1917 yil sentyabrda snaryad portladi Yashil bog ' Ritzga yaqin joyda va Lord Ivor Cherchillning so'zlariga ko'ra u qo'shni Wimbourne uyining barcha oynalarini sindirib tashlagan.[30] Devid Lloyd Jorj Sir tomonidan uyushtirilgan urushning ikkinchi yarmida Ritsda bir qator maxfiy uchrashuvlar o'tkazildi Bazil Zaxarof va aynan Ritsda u Turkiyaga qarshi Gretsiya nomidan aralashish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi.[30] Marlboro gersogi Ritsda ovqatlanishni yozib oldi; "Men Ritsda tushlik qildim. Butun ijtimoiy dunyo u erga boradi, narxlar arzon. U erda barcha ayollar M. Pagetdan tortib to so'nggi tortgacha."[31]

Charli Chaplin 1921 yilda Ritsda

1920-yillarning boshlarida Londondagi mehmonxonalarni sarhisob qilishni so'rashganda, Barbara Kartlend "Rits to'yinganlik va standartlarni, Karlton esa ishbilarmonni, Savoy esa tezkor edi, boshqalari ochiqchasiga janjalli edi, va siz o'n tillaga raqs tushishingiz mumkin bo'lgan Berklini yoshlar uchun" deb ta'kidladi.[32] 1921 yilda Ritz menejeri Bonvin vafot etdi va uning o'rniga J.S. Uolters. Valters, ayniqsa, Evropaning materik qismida mehmonxonani targ'ib qilishda "tinimsiz sotuvchi" bo'lgan va mehmonxonani tanitgan Tatler buni amalga oshirish mashhur bo'lmagan paytda.[33] Louis Mountbatten, Birmaning birinchi Earl Mountbatten Ritz-da podpolkovnik bo'lgan paytdan boshlab va uning do'sti bo'lganida Charli Chaplin To'qqiz yillik yo'qligidan so'ng, 1921 yil sentyabr oyida Londonga kelgan ko'plab olomon Vaterloo stantsiyasi va Chaplinni 40 ga yaqin politsiyachilar mehmonxonaga olib kelishlari kerak edi.[34] U birinchi qavatdagi Regal Suite-da qolib, Arlington-Strit balkonidan muxlislariga chinnigullar tashlayotgani suratga tushgan.[35][f]

Ritz Londonda bo'lganida kino yulduzlari va rahbarlari bilan mashhur bo'lib ketdi, garchi mehmonxona o'zining ko'pgina yoritgichlarining nomlarini ko'p hollarda o'z yozuvlarida sir tutgan. Duglas Feyrbanks 1920-yillarda Rits-da tez-tez uchraydigan va rejissyor bo'lgan Aleksandr Korda 1930-yillarda iste'dod skauti Ritsda stol o'tkazgan.[37] Noël qo'rqoq, shuningdek, 1920 va 1930 yillarda Ritz-da doimiy ovqatlanish bilan uchrashgan Maykl Arlen 1924 yilda restoranda o'zining yangi spektakliga mablag 'ajratishning dolzarb muammolarini muhokama qilish uchun, Vorteks. Arlen Qo'rqoqqa savolsiz 250 dollarlik chek berdi va Vorteks uning birinchi katta yutug'i bo'lib qoladi.[38] Qo'rqoqning 1932 yilgi revyuda ishtirok etgan "Ritsning bolalari" qo'shig'i So'zlar va musiqa Qo'rqoq Ritsda tushlikda ovqatlanayotganda yozilgan Beverli Nikols.[37] Xuddi shu davrda ko'plab mualliflar Ritsda uchrashishni boshladilar va u adabiyotning o'ziga singib keta boshladi. Yilda Maykl Arlen 1922 yilgi roman Qaroqchilik, mehmonxona "avvalgi Bastiliya uslubidagi juda mustahkam va mustahkam bino, dastlab shubhasiz sinf xurofotiga qo'rqqan holda o'ylab topilgan" deb ta'riflangan va R. Firbank o'z romanlarida "burgalar" borligi to'g'risida gaplashar edi. Ritsda ".[39][40] Keyinchalik, mehmonxona paydo bo'ladi Entoni Pauell "s Vaqt musiqasi ostida raqs. Hikoyachi Nikolas Jenkins Ritzda shoir Mark A'zolar bilan uchrashadi va mehmonxonaning Palm Court-dagi oltin nimfa haqida so'z boradi. [41]

Kelajak Edvard VIII, 1930-yillarda mehmonxonada doimiy ravishda u o'zining raqs mahoratini mashq qilgan.

"Bu haqda alohida atmosfera bor edi va Palm Korti har doim tushlik paytida" jamiyat go'zallari ", debyutantlar va ularning yigitlari, taniqli aktyor va aktrisalar bilan to'lib-toshgan edi. Garchi ikkinchisi u erda kamdan-kam tushlik qilganday tuyulgan bo'lsa ham. Amerikalik bejirim xonimlar paradda qatnashar edilar koridorda yuqoriga va pastga qarab, Ritz mehmonxonadan ko'ra ko'proq klubga o'xshar edi; siz u erda do'stlaringizni ko'rishingiz shart edi. "Ritsda uchrashish" aniq tanlov edi, u nafislik va qulaylik bilan uyg'unlashdi. Ritz xodimlaridan ajralib turadigan baxtli muhitga ega edi, barcha ofitsiantlar barchani tanib, do'st bo'lib qolishdi. O'sha paytlarda Ritz boshqa mehmonxonalarga o'xshamagan xushmuomalalik va nafislikka ega edi; bu ma'noda "uy" deb o'ylangan edi. hech qachon boshqa joyga murojaat qilmagan ". Ser Maykl Duff, 3-baronet 19-asrning 30-yillarida yosh yigitcha sifatida Ritsdagi hayot haqida.[42]

Uilyam Braunlou, 3-baron Lurgan, kim muvaffaq bo'ldi Garri Xiggins 1928 yilda vafot etgandan so'ng Ritz raisi sifatida, ayniqsa mehmonxonaga amerikalik mehmonlarni jalb qilishni juda xohlagan. U Karnavon grafligi va uning amerikalik rafiqasi Ketrin Vendellning yaqin do'sti bo'lgan va ba'zida er-xotin mehmonlarni joylashtirish uchun mehmonxonaning butun ikkinchi qavatini erkin berishgan. Lord Lurgan 1937 yilda vafot etgandan so'ng, Karnavonga mehmonxonada yashash uchun pul to'lashni boshlashi kerakligini aytdi, ammo unga "eski vaqt uchun ozgina chegirma" berildi. Keyinchalik Carnarvon shunday dedi: "Ritz ellik yildan ortiq vaqt davomida mening London uyim edi. Men bu erni juda yaxshi ko'raman. Hech kim buni yaxshiroq bilmaydi".[43] 1931 yilda Og'a Xon tashkil etish bilan shug'ullangan Davra suhbati konferentsiyasi ishtirok etgan mehmonxonada Maxatma Gandi va boshqalar. Bir safar Og'axon o'z izdoshlari bilan uchrashuv o'tkazish uchun Palm sudini egallab oldi.[44][g]

1930-yillarda Aletto Montgomeri-Massingberd va Uotkinning so'zlariga ko'ra "mashhur va juda taqlid qiluvchi belgi" bo'lgan Ritz restoranining menejeri bo'ldi.[33] Kelajak Edvard VIII va uning sheriklari ko'pincha 30-yillarda Ritsda ko'rishgan. 1932 yilda Kechki standart shahzodaning raqs maydonchasida ijro etayotganini kuzatdi: "Uels shahzodasi o'z raqsining mavqeini ko'tarish imkoniyatini hech qachon boy bermaydi ... U har biri o'ttiz besh daqiqa davom etgan uchta tangoni raqsga tushirdi!" [h] 1934 yilda Edvardning ukasi Kent gersogi Ritsda Gretsiya va Daniya malika Marina bilan turmush qurdi va bayram uchun bog'da iskala qo'yildi.[46] Qirolicha ona shuningdek, bu davrda Ritsda, King singari shaxsiy partiyalarga tashrif buyuradi Bolgariya Boris va qirolicha Ruminiyalik Mari.[47] Bir vaqtning o'zida Ritz bir vaqtning o'zida to'rtta hukmronlik qilgan monarxlarni qabul qildi: qirol Boris, Shoh Faruk Misrning, Ispaniyaning Qirol Alfonso va Niderlandiya qirolichasi Vilgelmina.[48] Edvard VIII romantikasidan keyin va Uollis Simpson jamoatchilikka ma'lum bo'ldi, agar tezda chiqish zarur bo'lsa, ikkala tomonni restoran eshigi yonidagi alohida stollarda topish mumkin edi.[49]

Rits ta'siridan aziyat chekdi 1926 yilgi umumiy ish tashlash, keyinchalik shunga o'xshashlardan raqobatni ko'rish Dorchester mehmonxonasi va Grosvenor uyi. The Katta depressiya mehmonxonada biznesning keskin pasayishiga olib keldi va 1931 yil yozida xodimlarning ish haqi qisqartirildi - oshpazlar, oshxona ishchilari va direktorlar ish haqini 25% qisqartirdilar.[50] Daromadni ko'paytirish uchun 1935 yilda Fred Kavendish-Bentink mehmonxonaga Kabarete shouini namoyish qilishni boshlashni tavsiya qildi. E'lon qilingan Kechki standart, dastur darhol muvaffaqiyatli bo'ldi. 1936 yil yanvar oyida avstriyalik komik Vik Oliver ikki hafta davomida mehmonxonada chiqish qilish uchun yollangan ko'ngilocharlardan biri edi va Kiril Fletcher keyingi yil bir oy davomida namoyishda paydo bo'ldi. BBC mehmonxonaning restoranidan pianinochi bilan jonli ijrolarni namoyish etishni boshladi Billi Milton va boshqalar. Bu shou orqali edi Irving Berlin Qo'shiq "Rittda "tomonidan mashhur bo'lib o'sdi Djo Kaye Raqs guruhi.[51][men] 1937 yilda Jeyms Stiven Sturjen Lurganni Ritz direktori lavozimiga egalladi Xans Pfifer fon Altishofen, 1910 yildan beri Ritz Hotel Development Company kengashida bo'lgan va Parij Ritzning raisi ham bo'lgan.[42]

Ikkinchi jahon urushi

Albaniyaning Zog I 1940 yildan 1941 yilgacha Ritsda yashagan.

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi davrida Rits elita orasida siyosiy va ijtimoiy hayotning ajralmas qismiga aylandi va bir qator taniqli royallar, aristokratlar va siyosatchilar mehmonxonaga ko'chib o'tdilar.[52] Kamilla Rassel, yozuvchining rafiqasi Kristofer Sayks, Rits "urush paytida ulkan modaga ega bo'lgan va hatto har qachongidan ham ko'proq, uchrashuv joyi sifatida ishlatilgan" va tunda "olomon hali ham qandaydir xavfsiz" bo'lganligini ta'kidlagan.[53] Syykning singlisi Antrim grafinya Angela, Ritsning "urushlarda erlarning yangiliklarini yig'ish" uchun eng yaxshi uchrashuv joyi ekanligini ta'kidladi.[54] Zumrad kunar Ritsda bir muddat istiqomat qildi, ammo keyinchalik Dorchesterga ko'chib o'tdi. 1940 yil yozida Albaniya qirol oilasi, shu jumladan Shoh Zog I, Qirolicha Geraldine, valiahd shahzoda Leka, qirolning olti singlisi, ikkita jiyani, uchta jiyani va boshqalar mehmonxonaga ko'chib o'tdilar va ularga o'zlarining so'zlarini berdilar. palata, Parijdan kelgan alban diplomatlar va ko'plab soqchilar.[55][52] Zog qirollik oltinlari va marvaridlarini Angliya bankiga topshirishdan oldin Ritsz omborida saqlagan holda olib kelgan.[52]

Zog havodagi reydlar paytida xavfsizlik to'g'risida xavotirda bo'lganligi sababli, ayollar kiyinish xonasi albanlarning shaxsiy boshpanasiga aylantirildi. Havo reydidan so'ng, Pitsadillidagi Rits va Berkli o'rtasida bomba tushganda, Ritsdagi shishalar sindirib, Albaniya qirol oilasining aksariyati ko'chib o'tdi "Chelsi" Ammo Zog 1941 yil bahorigacha Lord Parmurning uyini taklif qilguncha qoldi Bukingemshir.[52] Hammasi bo'lib, Ritz bomba reydlari paytida to'qqiz marta zarar ko'rgan va restoran ikki marta yopilishi kerak edi.[56]

Edvard Benesh urush yillarida haftada bir necha marta mehmonxonadagi xususiy tushlikda mehmonlarni qabul qilar edi. 1942 yilda, Uinston Cherchill, Duayt Eyzenxauer va Sharl de Goll Mari Antoinette mehmonxonasida operatsiyalarni muhokama qilish uchun uchrashdi, Brendan Bracken Londonda siyosiy jamiyatda kuzatuvchi va og'zaki nutq so'zlagan va ingliz-amerikalik siyosatchi Ronald daraxti Ritsda ko'p vaqt o'tkazdi va Daraxt u erda 1940 yilning qishida yashadi. [57] Keyinchalik u bo'lgan Laura Long Laura Spenser-Cherchill, Marlboroning Düşesi, ikkinchi xotini Jon Spenser-Cherchill, Marlboroning 10-gersogi, me'moriy yozuvchi Jeyms Liz-Milne, Xarold Ekton va yozuvchi Norman Duglas urush paytida Ritsda doimiy ovqatlanadiganlar edi.[58]

Ga binoan Alastair Forbes va Feliks Xope-Nikolson, davomida Ikkinchi jahon urushi, Ritzdagi podval bar uchun ajratilgan gomoseksual va lezbiyen yuqori qavat uchun mo'ljallangan bo'lsa, mehmonlar heteroseksual mehmonlar. Umid Nikolson buni "taniqli xayolparast" deb ta'riflagan va "Ritz bar juda zamonaviy, juda mashhur va, avvalambor, hokimiyat uchun juda xayolparast bo'lib qoldi", deb ta'kidlagan. Evan Morgan, 2-chi Viscount Tredegar, Deputat Garold Nikolson, Brayan Xovard va Polin Tennant hammasi podvaldagi barda doimiy bo'lganlar.[59]

Urushdan keyingi yillar

J. Pol Getti, taniqli o'sha paytdagi dunyodagi eng boy odam, urushdan keyin Ritsda yashagan.

Mehmonxona taxminan o'ttiz yil davomida egalik qilgan Bracewell-Smit oilasi, shuningdek, yaqin atrofda muhim ulushlarga ega bo'lgan Park Lane mehmonxonasi. Garchi oila mehmonxonadan tezda foyda ko'rgan bo'lsa-da, Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyingi yillarda notinch davr bo'lgan, 1946 yilda ishchilar ish tashlashgan va restoran o'zining oshxonasi sifatiga jiddiy tanqid qilgan. Bir safar Ritsning "Ritsning do'stlari" nomi bilan tanilgan bir guruh homiylari, Park Leyn mehmonxonasida ser Bracewell Smit bilan uchrashib, standartlardan shikoyat qilishdi; Smitning o'zi Ritsda ovqatlanib, ularga bu juda qoniqarli ekanligini ma'lum qildi.[60]

Bir nechta o'z joniga qasd qilish urushdan keyingi yillarda Ritsning, shu jumladan ot murabbiyining obro'sini pasaytirdi Piter Bitti 1949 yil oktyabrda oltinchi qavat derazasidan,[61] va 1953 yil mart oyida Eil Xillni ikkinchi qavatidagi xonasida unga bo'lgan sevgisini bo'g'ib o'ldirgan frantsuz gangsteri Baron Per de Laytning uyi, u unga uylanishdan bosh tortganida, bo'g'ziga ipak paypoq tiqib o'ldirishdan oldin.[62][j]

Shunga qaramay, Rits aristokratlar uchun ijtimoiy markaz bo'lib, 1950-yillarda dunyo elitasini jalb qildi.[68] Bu Og'axonning boy oilasi va neft magnatiga juda yoqdi J. Pol Getti, taniqli o'sha paytdagi dunyodagi eng boy odam, urushdan keyin Ritsda yashagan. Bir safar fotograf ishlayapti Vaqt va Hayot jurnallar mehmonxona tashqarisida Getty mehmonxonadan chiqib ketayotganda va ularni olib ketish uchun ketayotganida suratga tushganida barrowboyga asfaltga mis quyib berishni tashkil qilib voqea uyushtirdi.[69] Shell Oil merosxo'ri Olga Deterding bir necha yil mehmonxonada yashagan va sevgilisi bilan bir janjalda u shimini derazadan uloqtirgan. 1956 yilda u yuqori hayotdan charchagan va bir muddat ishlagan Albert Shvaytser moxov kasalxonasi Frantsiya Ekvatorial Afrika.[70] Film yulduzlari Rita Xeyvort va Tallula Bankxed mehmonxonada doimiy mehmonlar bo'lgan; Xeyvort turmushga chiqqan Shahzoda Aly Xan 1949 yildan 1953 yilgacha. Bu davrda Ritsning yana bir taniqli aholisi bu edi Nubar Gulbenkian, "keng ekstrovert", Ritsda doimiy xonani saqlagan va mavsumdan tashqari bo'lsa ham, hashamat va oziq-ovqat mahsulotlariga juda katta talablar qo'ygan.[71]

1959 yil yanvar oyida Patris Lumumba, Kongo Bosh vaziri, mehmonxonada qoldi va Ser bilan uchrashdi Edvard Adjaye, Londondagi Gana Oliy komissari va boshqalar restoranda. Tadbirni o'sha payt Kongoda inson huquqlari bilan bog'liq masalalar bilan shug'ullanuvchi Mosleyitlar piketi ostida mehmonxonadan tashqarida namoyish qilishdi, "BOLALARNI Zo'rlaganlar - uyga boringlar" kabi bannerlarni namoyish etishdi va irqiy epitetlar chiqarishdi. Adjayeni mehmonxonadan chiqib ketayotganda unga hujum qilishgan, garchi u Lumumba bilan adashgan deb taxmin qilishgan.[72]

Jorj Kritikos Ritsda 45 yil davomida yuk tashuvchi bo'lib ishlagan, 1960 yilda sog'lig'i sababli nafaqaga chiqqan; u ser tomonidan Ritsda ishlashga tavsiya qilingan edi Bazil Zaxarof.[73] 1959 yilgi kitobida, Ritslik Jorj, Criticos xizmat qilgan yillaridagi ba'zi taniqli odamlar va voqealarni esladi. Kritikos bir paytlar Aga Kanning avtodromda agenti bo'lib ishlagan, unga monarx o'z nomiga garovlar qo'yish uchun 45000 AQSh dollari bergan. Undan 18 yoshli shahzoda Aly Xanni bir oy davomida AQShga gastrol safari bilan olib borishi, yigitning muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lgan romantikasini unutishiga yordam berishini so'rashdi. Criticos mehmonxonaga kirayotgan kombinezon kiygan, soqolsiz odamni ko'rgach, uni to'xtatishga chaqirdi. Erkak Kritikosga yuz o'girganda, uni Bolgariya qiroli Boris deb tanidi, u temir yo'lni yaxshi ko'radigan va maxsus poezdni haydab qaytayotgan edi.[74][75][k]

Keyinchalik tarix

Peshindan keyin Ritsdagi choy
Uzoq galereya

Ijtimoiy sahna 1960-yillarda Londonda keskin o'zgargan Bitlmaniya va jinsiy inqilob va poytaxtdagi ingliz zodagonlari avvalgidek emas edi. Bu vaqtga kelib Ritzning beg'ubor standartlari tushib ketdi. Peregrin Vorstorn o'zgarishni ta'kidladi: "Aynan hammasi Ritzi emasligi, ko'zga ko'ringan darajada hashamatli bo'lish ma'nosida ... porlashi azaldan o'chib ketgan va eskirganlik paydo bo'lgan. Odatda bu joy bo'sh edi, sobiq shon-sharaflar va mijozlar xotiralari bilan saqlanib qoldi. tasalli berishdan ko'ra sog'inchni afzal ko'rgan ".[76]Shunga qaramay taniqli shaxslar ko'pincha mehmonxonada ziyofatlar uyushtirishadi Rolling Stones ko'p yillar davomida mehmon bo'lishgan. Buyuk Britaniya bosh vazirlari Garold Uilson, Edvard Xit va Garold Makmillan ko'pincha Ritsda tushlik qiladi; Xit har doim restoranda 29-stolni zaxiraga oladi.[77]

1970-yillarda mehmonxona notinch davrga tushib qoldi. Terroristlarning tahdidlari Muvaqqat Irlandiya respublika armiyasi asosiy tashvishga aylandi va bomba qo'rqitishlari kam bo'lmagan.[78] 1970-yillarning boshlaridagi neft inqirozi biznesga bevosita ta'sir ko'rsatdi va Bracewell-Smith oilasini 1976 yil 5 aprelda o'z ulushini Trafalgar House-ga 2,75 million funtga sotishga undadi.[79] Savdo paytida mehmonxonani band qilish darajasi atigi 45 foizni tashkil etgan; Ritz Grill xonasi yopilgan edi va so'nggi paytlarda u ozgina pul yo'qotdi.[48] 1984 yilda Ritz 1920 va 1930 yillarda mashhur bo'lgan haftalik yakshanba choy choylarini qaytardi.[80] Talab tufayli, mehmonxona Ritz-da peshindan keyin choyni faqat mehmonxona mehmonlari uchun cheklashni o'ylab ko'rdi, chunki Ritsda qolganlar ko'pincha stolni ololmay qolishdi. Ushbu cheklov bilan taqiqlangan ko'plab londonliklar norozilik bildirishdi va Ritz mehmonxonada peshindan keyin choy ichish uchun rezervasyon talab qilib, murosaga kelishdi.[81] Choy uchun to'g'ri kiyim kerak; Rits bir marta tan olishni rad etdi Mik Jagger u ko'ylagi va galstuk taqmaganligi sababli choy uchun.[48]

Barclay egizak Ellerman kompaniyalari guruhi mehmonxonani 80 million funt sterling evaziga sotib oldi Trafalgar uyi, 1995 yil oktyabr oyida, ularning kompaniyasi orqali Ellerman Investments. Ular sakkiz yil va 40 million funt sterlingni sarflab, uni avvalgi obro'siga qaytarishdi.[l] O'limidan ikki yil o'tgach Malika Diana, Shahzoda va Camilla Parker-Boulz Ritz-da birinchi marta jamoatchilik oldida chiqish qilishdi, chunki ular Parker-Bouulzning singlisi uchun tug'ilgan kunni tark etishdi.[83] 2002 yil noyabr oyida er-xotin mehmonxonada shahzodaning tug'ilgan kunida qaytib kelishdi qirolicha va Edinburg gersogi.[84] 2002 yilda Ritz mehmonxonalarni qabul qilgan birinchi mehmonxonaga aylandi Qirollik kafolati Qirollik hazratlaridan Uels shahzodasi ziyofat va umumiy ovqatlanish xizmatlari uchun.[85]Ritz qo'shni joyni sotib oldi Wimbourne uyi 2005 yilda. 2007 yil 27 yanvarda 300 ga yaqin odam yaqin atrofga evakuatsiya qilingan May Fair Hotel mehmonxonadagi yong'in signalizatsiyasidan keyin. Bodrumdagi kazino oshxonasining ekstraktsiyalash teshiklaridan boshlangan yong'inda hech kim jabr ko'rmadi. Ritz kazino faqat "ozgina zarar ko'rgan".[86] Avvalgi Buyuk Britaniya bosh vaziri Margaret Tetcher Ritz-da sog'ayib ketgan, 2013 yil 8 aprelda qon tomiridan so'ng vafot etgan.[87]

Tanqidlar bo'lgan, chunki Ritz Barclay egizaklari tomonidan qabul qilinganidan beri hech qanday korporatsiya soliqlarini to'lamagan. Hisob-kitoblar shuni ko'rsatadiki, foyda keltiradigan mehmonxona korporatsiya soliqlarini nolga kamaytirish uchun bir qator soliq imtiyozlaridan foydalanadi. Devid Barklayning o'g'li Aidanning ta'kidlashicha, kompaniya Buyuk Britaniya qonunlariga amal qiladi.[88]

Arxitektura

Ritsning balandlik diagrammasi
Ritsdagi odatiy zamin rejasi

Montgomery-Massingberd va Watkin mualliflari Ritsni "madaniyatli homiyning mo''jizaviy yaqinlashuvi va daho me'morlari va hunarmandlari bir-biri bilan ham, o'sha kunning ijtimoiy va me'moriy modalari bilan hamjihatlikda ish olib boradigan mahsulotlardan biri" deb ta'riflaydilar. qurilishi tugagan kundan buyon usta sifatida ko'rib kelingan ... "[89] Ikkala me'mor ham, Charlz Mewes va Artur J. Devis, obro'li kishilarda ta'lim olishgan Ecole des Beaux-Art Parijda va ular olgan ta'lim binolarni loyihalashda, xususan Uyg'onish davri ta'sirida aniq bo'lib, "an'anaviy fransuz klassitsizmining asl matoni" ni yaratdi.[90] Avvalroq Mewes 1897–88 yillarda Sezar uchun Parijdagi Ritz mehmonxonasini loyihalashtirgan, undan keyin Artur Devis bilan uchrashgan va Grand Petit Palais dizaynini birgalikda tayyorlashga kirishgan. 1900 yilgi Parij ko'rgazmasi.[91] Ikkala me'mor ham 1904-55 yillarda London Ritsining rejalari ustida ishladilar.

Montgomery-Massingberd va Watkinning so'zlariga ko'ra tashqi ko'rinishi ingliz me'morchiligida ozgina iz qoldirgan holda ham fransuz-amerikalikning tuzilishi va ko'rinishi jihatidan juda muhimdir. Ular uchun tashqi ko'rinish "turli xil Parij me'morchilik an'analarining uyg'unlashuvini anglatadi"; Piccadilly arkadasi Vendrome maydonidagi arkadalangan zamin qavatiga va Rivoli Rue-ga aks etadi, Yashil bog'ning jabhasidagi tik mansardli manzara aks etadi. Ektor Lefuel Florus Pavillon-da ishlagan Luvr Fasadlarning baland derazalari va devor panellari Mewesning avvalgi uyi sifatida qurilgan kichik binoda ishlaganlariga o'xshaydi. Jyul Ferri Bayardda.[92]

London Ritsining old tomoni

Mehmonxonani qazish ishlari pudratchilar tomonidan Waring White Building Co. Ltd tomonidan 1904 yil iyun oyida boshlangan va 1905 yil 1 oktyabrda yakunlanib, keyingi mayda ochilgan.[93] Binoning rivojlanishi har oyda hujjatlashtirilgan Quruvchilar jurnali va arxitektura muhandisi va bitta nashrda qurilishning ba'zi jihatlaridagi qiyinchiliklarni, masalan, tor qurilish maydonchasida 20 tonna 39 fut (12 m) po'lat arqonlarni ko'tarish kabi holatlarni qayd etdi. Me'mor va shartnoma bo'yicha muxbir cheklangan joy materiallarni joyida saqlashga imkon bermaganligini ta'kidladi. Hamma ohaklarni podvalda aralashtirish kerak edi va tosh "piyodalar yo'lagi ustiga suv o'tkazmaydigan tomi bo'lgan platformada" kiyingan edi.[94] Oldingi qizil g'ishtli poydevorlar Uolsingem uyi betonda temir konstruktsiyaning asoslarini engillashtirish uchun portlatish kerak edi.[95][m]

Umumiy taxminiy qiymati 345,227 funtni tashkil etdi. 8s. 1d., Messing Waring va Gillowga £ 102,000, frantsuz dekorativlariga £ 49,000 va ingliz dekorativlariga £ £ 15,000 bilan.[93] Jon P. Bishop va Shvetsiyada tug'ilgan Sven Bylander qurilish bosqichida muhandis-maslahatchi bo'lganlar.

Pikadli tomonidagi fasad taxminan 231 fut (70 m), Arlington-strit tomonida 115 fut (35 m) va yon tomondan 87 fut (27 m). Yashil bog ' yon tomon. Saytning tartibsizligi quruvchilar uchun dastlabki muammolarni keltirib chiqardi. Devis bu bilan Binnining so'zlariga ko'ra "porloq istiqbolli effektlar" bilan shug'ullangan va egri devorlardan foydalangan holda "mehmonxonaning orqa qismidagi tez kamayib borayotgan joyni mohirlik bilan yashirgan".[97] Arkadali old tomonning maqsadi yuqoridagi yotoq xonalari uchun ko'proq joy ajratish edi.[98] Qimmatbaho Norvegiya granitlari zamin qavatida joylashgan bo'lib, uning ustida Portlend toshi joylashgan.

Binoning temir karkasi Germaniyada ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, 1880-yillarning boshlarida Chikagoda yong'inga chidamliligini oshirish uchun ishlab chiqarilgan modelga asoslangan.[92][n] U Messrs Potts & Co. tomonidan qurilgan Oksford ko'chasi. Pittsburg va Londonning Columbia Fireproofing Company Ltd kompaniyasi tomonidan devorlarning yong'inga qarshi yong'inlari shamollatish uchun temir plyonkali panjaralar bilan, ovoz o'tkazmaydigan va tebranishdan saqlanib qolgan.[99] Ichki devorlari gips bilan qoplangan "ichi bo'sh, g'ovakli, terra-kotta bloklardan" iborat,[95] va mehmonxonaning pollari ham yong'inga qarshi qilingan.[94] Ritz pavilion tomlarining burchaklarida mehmonxonaning emblemasi bo'lgan katta yashil mis sherlar joylashgan.[98]

Ichki ishlar

Ritzning pastki qavatida

Mehmonxona asosan London va Parijdagi dizaynerlar tomonidan loyihalashtirilgan Louis XVI uslubi mehmonxonaga "mukammal moslik va nafis cheklovning o'ziga xos muhiti" ni taqdim etgan holda, bu izchil davom etmoqda.[100] Markus Binni birinchi qavatdagi xonalarning ajoyib majmuasini "mehmonxonalar me'morchiligining barcha zamonlari durdonalaridan biri" deb ta'riflaydi va uni "ulkan manzaralari, balandligi va porloq qandillari" bilan qirol saroyiga taqqoslaydi.[101] Waring & Gallow ichki makonning ko'plab chiroyli dizayni uchun mas'ul bo'lgan 1906 yilga mo'ljallangan birinchi qavat rejasida teras va bog'ga qaragan katta asosiy restoran, katta markaziy Grand galereya va Qishki bog ', ziyofat xonasi orqasida joylashgan aylana vestibul, restoran yaqinidagi Mari Antoinette Suite va ko'plab do'konlar.[102] Panjara xonasining Pikdadilidagi kirish eshiklarining o'ng tomonida o'z zinapoyasi bor edi, zinapoyasi pastga tushardi. Gril xonasi sharq tomonda, ziyofat zali esa restoranning g'arbiy qismida yotar edi.[103] Bugun bu erda Ritz Club joylashgan. Uzoq galereya deb nomlangan keng koridor, Arlington-stritning kirish qismidan sharq tomonga, g'arbiy tomonidagi restoranga qadar ingichka to'quv bilan harakatlanadi. Savonnerie gilamchalar. Uning bo'ylab bir nechta murakkab taqa kamar yo'llari joylashgan.[104] Binoning janubi-g'arbiy burchagida uchburchak shaklidagi zinapoya mavjud.[105] Eğimli asosiy zinapoya ayollarga "dramatik kirish" va "eng yaxshi natijalarga erishish uchun o'zlarining liboslarini namoyish etishlari" uchun imkon yaratildi.[101]

Palma sudi

Palma sudi

Ritz-ning eng taniqli inshooti Palm Korti bo'lib, u juda bezatilgan krem ​​rangidagi Louis XVI muhitidir. U dabdabali buyumlar bilan bezatilgan, shu qatorda me'morlar 1760 va 1770 yillarda frantsuz neo-mumtoz mebel dizayni bo'yicha Uoring va Jillo tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan, oval orqa tomoni zarhallangan Louis XVI kreslolar. Montgomery-Massingberd va Watkinning so'zlariga ko'ra, "zarhal bronza ramkalardagi jingalak shishadan yasalgan nometall" va "zarhal panjara bilan bezatilgan baland kovaklar".[104]

Dastlab sudning har ikki uchida ham katta derazalar bor edi, keyinchalik Qishki bog 'deb nomlanar edi va ular 1972 yildan keyin yigirma oyna oynalari bilan almashtirildi.[106] "La Source" nomi bilan tanilgan saroy favvorasi Exaylon marmaridan qilingan va g'ayrioddiy haykaltaroshlik bilan ishlangan.[107] Yalang'och uyada oltin rangdagi nimfa.[108] Palma kortining temir va shisha tomida zarhal zarb qilingan ikkita chiroq bor, shiftida esa sher terisi naqshlari mavjud. [109]Xona yumshoq o'rikda ishlangan va 1906 yildan beri saqlanib kelmoqda. Sezar Rits bir necha hafta davomida turli xil ranglar bilan o'tkazilgan eksperimentlardan so'ng ayollarning yuzlariga xushomad qilish uchun rangni tanladi.[110]

Palm Court - bu dunyoga mashhur "Ritz at the tea" muassasasi,[o] bir vaqtlar King tomonidan tez-tez uchrab turardi Edvard VII, Janob Uinston Cherchill, Noël Edmonds, Judi Garland, Evelin Vo va Qirolicha Yelizaveta, Qirolicha ona. It acquired its reputation as "The place for tea" in London after Birinchi jahon urushi.[104] In the 1920s a small orchestra would play regularly on the court; film prodyuseri Jon Sutro for instance recalled that Germiona Baddeli once requested the violinist to "play something issiq". Between the Winter Garden and the central Grand Gallery is a screen featuring two Ionic columns.[111]

Ovqatlanish

The Ritz restaurant
Exterior of the restaurant on Piccadilly

The hotel has six private dining rooms, the Marie Antoinette Suite, with its pechene, and the rooms within the Grade II* listed William Kent House.[112] Marcus Binney states that the restaurant is "not only one of the most beautiful interiors in London, it can be claimed as the most beautiful restaurant in the world".[113]

César Ritz once commented that the room was so heavily designed in bronze that it was fortunate that the hotel was built from steel, or the "walls would collapse with the weight of all that bronze".[113] Flanking the entrance to the main restaurant are two life-sized figures set in "bronze vert after Clodion, holding gilded bronze lustres with six lights each, mounted on pedestals of polished Echaillon marble ornamented with bronze".[104] The restaurant and adjacent guest room were designed by P. H. Remon and Sons of Paris. The ceiling is a described by Montgomery-Massingberd and Watkin as a "painted trompe-l'oeil ceiling on which pinkish clouds drift across the blue sky encircled by a garlanded balustrade". Bronze chandeliers are also a feature, influenced by an 18th-century Augustin de Saint-Aubin engraving known as Le Bal Pare et Masque,[114] va Le Festin tomonidan Moreau le Jeune, which was given by the City of Paris to the King and Queen on 21 January 1782.[113]

On the northern end against the Piccadilly arcade are floor-to-ceiling mirrors, divided into panes, which give the room a spacious effect, especially when the lights are on all day during the winter.[115] At the south end of the restaurant is a watercolour by Davis and gilded figures known as "The Thames and the Ocean", with a buffet made from Norwegian pink marble below it, believed to be inspired by Louis Seize's "Buffet of Mansart".[116]

Dining service at the Ritz

During the 1977 major renovation of the hotel, the scaffolding used in the project was hidden by a clean cloth during mealtimes in the Louis XVI restaurant so as not to upset diners with a possibly disturbing sight. During the renovation, the columns in the hotel's lobbies were stripped of many coats of cream-coloured paint to display their original pink marble.[49] Most of the work done in the renovation was done to restore and clean while keeping the original 1906 colour scheme. Much of the furniture from the original opening was still in use; new items were faithful copies styled after the originals.[117] The hotel retained its nightstand call buttons for maid, waiter, valet and servant, refusing to make its patrons dial a telephone for services.[118]

From its inception, the kitchen was run mainly by French chefs, and it had a specialist in Russian soups and Viennese pastry; its cakes became so famous that King Edward made regular orders from Buckingham Palace.[119] M. Malley, who had been saucier at the Paris Ritz was appointed Chef des Cuisines, and invented dishes such as Saumon Marquise de Sevignre (Salmon with a crayfish mousse), Filet de Sole Romanoff (served with mussels, small slices of apple and artichokes), and Poulet en Chaudfroid (chicken accompanied by a curry-flavoured pinkish mousse) at the hotel.[119] The Ritz is renowned for its supreme catering service, as well as using its fine rooms for conferencing between executives and directors of multi-national firms. A table at the restaurant still needs to be booked weeks in advance. The Rivoli Bar, built in the Art Deco style, was designed in 2001 by interior designer Tessa Kennedy, to look like a bar on the Orient Express. The lounge was decorated by Marcel Boulanger in the Louis VIV style, the clubroom was by Lenygon and Morant, who were influenced by the Palladian design of Cumberland uyi yilda Brettingham, and other rooms were decorated with clear Uilyam Chambers va Robert Adam ta'sirlar.[120] Meals can be served on Nanking china in the Trafalgar Suite.[121] The banquet and catering services received a Royal warrant dan Uels shahzodasi 2005 yilda.[122]

Marie Antoinette Suite

The Marie Antoinette Suite in 1914

The Marie Antoinette Suite is accessed from the main restaurant. According to Marcus Binney "the gilded detail of the room has the lustre and crispness of gilt bronze, even the egg-and-dart in the boldly modelled cornice". Floral motifs are a common feature of the room, given the namesake, Mari Antuanetta, and represents the flowers at one of her feasts.[123] Over the overmantel is a basket of flowers, with "flowers spilling out over the frames of the oval lunettes ".[124] In the small entrance lobby of the suite are two terracotta statues of Spring and Summer, with "drum-shaped pedestals ornamented with gilt-bronze flowers and ribbons".[125] The ventilation grilles, of considerable size, are decorated in bronzed lattice. On the walls are a series lamp holders held by miniature Apollo lyres, with each bulb holder containing around 25 leaves opened out. The lights, according to Binney, are hung on "cords from ribbons tied in bows, entwined at intervals with flowers, descending to a cluster of tassels". [124] The panels of the walls are treated like picture frames, with inner and outer mouldings, in contrast to the window frames and the wall mirrors which are surrounded by "clusters of reeds, with an inset behind which a curtain could hang without obscuring the moulding", according to Binney.[124]

Rooms and suites

A Junior Suite at the Ritz

As of 2015, The Ritz London has 136 guestrooms, of which 111 are bedrooms and 25 are suites. The main bedrooms are divided into three principal categories: Superior Queen/King/Twin, Executive King/Twin and Deluxe King/Twin. The Superior Queen and King rooms are 215 square feet (20.0 m2) and 260 square feet (24 m2) in size respectively,[126] while the Executive and Deluxe king rooms are 320 square feet (30 m2) and 385 square feet (35.8 m2)[127] The suites are divided into the categories: Junior Suite, Superior Suite, Executive Suite, Deluxe Suite, the Trafalgar Suite and the Berkeley Suite, and also include the signature suites the Royal Suite and the Prince of Wales Suite, each with their own unique style.[128] The Executive Suites typically face south, and are 320 square feet (30 m2) in size, with a small lounge area and antique furniture.[129] The Junior Suites, with "fireplaces, gilded mouldings and antique furniture" are above Piccadilly, and are 495 square feet (46.0 m2) in size,[130] while the 3-5 bedroom suites range in size from 1,990 square feet (185 m2) to 2,802 square feet (260.3 m2).[131]

William Kent House

William Kent House, also known as Wimbourne House, was opened as an extension of the Ritz.[132] The house has been converted into a complete function area with the Music Room, the Burlington Room, the Queen Elizabeth Room and the William Kent room. It also accommodates three of the Ritz' top suites: The Arlington Suite, the Royal Suite as well as the Prince of Wales Suite.Several of the rooms have Louis XVI chimneypieces.[133] The Grade II building was carefully restored and given a modern touch with period furnishings concealing things like flat screen televisions. The restoration won a Britaniya me'morlari qirollik instituti national gold medal in 2007.[134]

The Ritz Club

The original Ritz ballroom in 1906
Sign above the western entrance to the arcade

The Ritz Club is a casino in the basement of the hotel, occupying the space which was formerly the Ritz Bar and Grill. In the original structure, this was where the Ritz ballroom was located.[20] A May 1906 edition of Haqiqat magazine described the basement with the Grill Room and Banqueting Hall as palatial, ivory-white in decor, with "mirrors on all the walls reflecting an endless intersection of arched ceilings".[103] The rooms were used for dinners, balls and theatrical shows, with a stage at the south end of the Banqueting Hall. By the mid 1920s the Grill Room had been relocated into the Banqueting Hall, and furnished with circular tables with oval back wicker chairs. One 1926 brochure stated that it was the scene of "some of the finest private and public balls ever given in London".[135]

Davomida Ikkinchi jahon urushi it became known as the nightclub La Popote. The interior of the club was made to simulate a combat dugout complete with sandbags. The club's chandeliers were made out of various types of empty liquor bottles with candles in their necks for light. The dance floor was crowded during wartime, but it later declined in popularity.[135][136] Laurie Ross was in charge of the Ritz Bar and Grill for many years. The bar, known to its regulars as "Laurie's Bar", closed when Ross retired in 1976.[137] By the 1970s the basement rooms were closed to the public.[135]

In 1977, Trafalgar House agreed to lease the basement to Mecca Sportsman and Pleasurama, and the Ritz Club was opened the following year, under separate management from the hotel.[135] The basement was restored in the hotel's Louis XVI style of 1906, and the decorations included 6,000 sheets of oltin barg.[138] Gold leaf was not spared on moldings, cupids and garlands and a blue sky with fluffy clouds painted on the ceiling above the gaming tables. The restoration consisted of repainting, cleaning and recovering all in the original color scheme. Furniture was restored to its original state and replicas replaced what could not be restored. Stephen Pulman was appointed Head Chef, after being recruited from the exclusive club and restaurant Annabel’s.[139] When it opened, the Ritz Club was open to members and hotel guests only.[117][140] However, unlike most casinos, it charges a fee to enter.[141] The games are considered "high stakes" in that the minimum bet is usually very high. They offer ruletka, black jack, baccarat va poker, as well as some slot machines.[142]

In 1998, the club was purchased by London Clubs, who moved their premises from the Devonshire Club kuni Sent-Jeyms ko'chasi to the basement of the Ritz. A new company was formed in June 1998, the Ritz Hotel Casino Ltd., which was granted legal permission to open a casino. After very quick refurbishment, it reopened on 12 September with exclusive membership, although members are permitted to invite a guest. As of 2006 the Ritz Club was divided into four main areas—the restaurant, bar, lounge and the private gaming room, situated in the former Banqueting Hall.[143]

Ommaviy madaniyatda

Evelyn Waugh's 1942 novel Work Suspended features a scene at the Ritz in which the narrator falls in love with a friend's wife during a luncheon. Alan Bennet 's allegorical play, Qirq yil was later set in the basement of the Ritz during the war.[53] In the universe of the book Yaxshi alomatlar, two primary characters, the angel Aziraphale and the demon Crowley, often frequent the Ritz. The hotel is mentioned in the song "Berkli maydonida bulbul qo'shig'i " as well as in Qirolicha "Good Old Fashioned Lover Boy ".[144] Large portions of the 1999 romantic comedy Notting Hill were filmed in and around the hotel.[145]

Qarama-qarshilik

In recent years the Ritz has taken measures to enforce their savdo belgisi against infringement. Lawyers have notified competitors using the name to surrender their websites and Facebook accounts marketing under the trademark, even though they had been using these names for many years. The Desborough Ritz, which had been using the name since the 1930s, changed its name in 2012 after being advised by solicitors to do so.[146] That same year, a Northamptonshire wedding location named The Ritz changed its name to the Banqueting & Conference Suites at the Kettering Ritz after another notification. The Brighouse Ritz, which has operated under the name since 1938, was notified in 2017 to change its name or face legal action.[147]

Shuningdek qarang

Adabiyotlar

Izohlar

  1. ^ The initial plans were for the Ritz to also occupy the site of Wimbourne House, however Lord Wimbourne refused to sell his property to Ritz.[14]One hundred years after César Ritz made an initial offer, the hotel was able to buy the property.[15]
  2. ^ Prior to the opening of the electrically-lit Savoy, hotel guests were billed for the candles used to light their rooms. They were also billed for any services provided by the hotel's staff, as the assumption was that guests would travel with their own servants to tend to their needs.[17]
  3. ^ Ijtimoiy Lady Diana Cooper later recalled that young single women were not allowed to enter hotels unaccompanied. Her mother made an exception for the Ritz because it was beautiful and her mother appreciated its beauty.[24]
  4. ^ At the end of 1908, the hotel's chairman, William Harris, proposed the removal of the name "Ritz" from the hotel. He also proposed the promotion of the Ritz name in North America.[24]
  5. ^ The King's mistress, Elis Keppel, was a regular patron of the Ritz.[26]
  6. ^ After the ado Chaplin's stay caused, the Ritz manager vowed to "never again" have film stars as guests at the Ritz.[36]
  7. ^ The Aga Khan maintained a suite at the Ritz for forty years.[43]
  8. ^ Edward VIII's coronation celebration was scheduled to be held at the Ritz Hotel. One of those signed to perform was American vocalist Xildegard, who was one of his favourite performers.[45]
  9. ^ Uning kitobida George of the Ritz, former head porter George Criticos claimed that the song was never played at the Ritz as it was considered to be "vulgar".[48]
  10. ^ Other news sources say Hill's throat was slashed and that the Baron then strangled himself with his own suspenders tied to a bed post. News accounts describe the Baron as well to do. In 1949, he was said to have chased his bride to be and her father from his castle in Pléchâtel with a rifle the day before the planned marriage. The couple married three months later but divorced within a few months. Hill and de Laitre had registered at the Ritz as man and wife and were staying in Room 223. Hill's father, a policeman, described his daughter as secretive and said he had never heard of Baron de Laitre before. Hill's friends said she met de Laitre about a year before the murder-suicide A note was found when the bodies were discovered in the blood-spattered hotel room, but police did not reveal its contents. French police, upon learning of the event, believed Hill had threatened to jilt de Laitre.[63][64][65] French police later said de Laitre operated a hotel and bar in Dinard and that he also operated as a smuggler, using a motor boat to travel between France and Britain. French customs officials were demanding payment of £4,000 from de Laitre just prior to the fatal incident.[66][67]
  11. ^ George Criticos died in London on 17 July 1961; he had been retired from the Ritz for one year at the time of his death.[74]
  12. ^ Many of the electrical fixtures of the original construction are still in use-both chandeliers and wall sconces.[82]
  13. ^ The Walsingham House hotel formerly occupied the site of the Ritz.[96]
  14. ^ English building laws of the time required that the exterior street level walls had to be 39 inches thick.[99]
  15. ^ Strictly speaking, Tea at the Savoy is the original version.

Iqtiboslar

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