Judi Garland - Judy Garland

Judi Garland
Taxminan 1940-yillar
Tug'ilgan	Frensis Ethel Gumm (1922-06-10)1922 yil 10-iyun Grand Rapids, Minnesota, BIZ.[1]
O'ldi	1969 yil 22-iyun(1969-06-22) (47 yosh) London, Angliya
O'lim sababi	Barbituratning haddan tashqari dozasi
Dam olish joyi	Gollivudning abadiy qabristoni (2017 yilda qayta interred qilingan, oldin interred qilingan Fernkliff qabristoni )
Kasb	Aktrisa ashulachi raqqosa
Faol yillar	1924–1969
Balandligi	(150 sm) 4 fut 11 dyuym
Siyosiy partiya	Demokratik
Turmush o'rtoqlar	Devid Rouz ​ ​ (m. 1941; div 1944)​ Vinsente Minnelli ​ ​ (m. 1945; div 1951)​ Sidney Luft ​ ​ (m. 1952; div 1965)​ Mark Herron ​ ​ (m. 1965; div 1969)​ Miki Dinlari ​ (m. 1969)​
Bolalar	Liza Minnelli, Lorna Luft & Joey Luft
Imzo

Judi Garland (tug'ilgan Frensis Ethel Gumm; 1922 yil 10 iyun - 1969 yil 22 iyun) amerikalik aktrisa, qo'shiqchi, Vodevillian va raqqosa. 45 yillik karerasi bilan u xalqaro miqyosda aktrisa sifatida musiqiy va dramatik rollarda, musiqa yozuvchisi va konsert sahnasida erishdi.^[2][3] Ko'p qirraliligi bilan mashhur bo'lib, u uni oldi Voyaga etmaganlar akademiyasining mukofoti, a Oltin globus mukofoti va a Maxsus Toni mukofoti.^[4][5][6] Garland g'olib bo'lgan birinchi ayol edi Yilning eng yaxshi albomi uchun Grammy mukofoti, u 1961 yilda nomlangan jonli yozuvi uchun g'olib chiqdi Karnegi Xollidagi Judi.^[7]

Garland bolaligidanoq ikkita opasi bilan birga vedvilda ijro etishni boshladi va keyinchalik imzolandi Metro-Goldvin-Mayer o'spirin sifatida. U MGM uchun yigirmadan ortiq filmlarda suratga tushgan va obrazlari bilan yodda qolgan Doroti Geyl yilda Oz sehrgar (1939). Garland ikkalasining ham tez-tez ekrandagi sherigi edi Mikki Runi va Jin Kelli va muntazam ravishda direktor va ikkinchi eri bilan hamkorlik qildi Vinsente Minnelli. Ushbu davrdagi boshqa film namoyishlari rollarni o'z ichiga oladi Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing (1944), Harvi qizlari (1946), Fisih paradi (1948) va Yozgi aksiya (1950). Garland MGMdan 1950 yilda, studiyada 15 yillik ishidan so'ng, shartnoma shartlarini bajarishiga xalaqit bergan bir qator shaxsiy kurashlar o'rtasida ozod qilindi.

Garchi keyinchalik uning kino karerasi vaqti-vaqti bilan bo'lsada, Garlandning tanqidiy taniqli ikkita roli keyinchalik kariyerasida paydo bo'ldi: u film uchun nomzodni oldi Eng yaxshi aktrisa uchun Oskar mukofoti uning ishlashi uchun Yulduz tug'iladi (1954) va nomzod Eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktrisa uning ishlashi uchun Nürnbergdagi hukm (1961). U shuningdek, rekord darajadagi kontsert dasturlarini namoyish etdi sakkizta studiya albomi va o'z uyida mehmon qildi Emmi - nominatsiyalangan teleseriallar, Judi Garland shousi (1963-1964). 39 yoshida Garland ushbu sovg'aning eng yosh va birinchi ayol oluvchisi bo'ldi Sesil B. DeMil mukofoti kino sohasida umrbod yutuqlari uchun. 1997 yilda Garland o'limidan so'ng mukofot bilan taqdirlandi "Grammy Lifetime Achievement" mukofoti. Uning bir nechta yozuvlari qo'shilgan Grammy Shon-sharaf zali va 1999 yilda Amerika kino instituti uni sakkizinchi eng katta ayol afsonasi ning Klassik Gollivud kinosi.^[8]

Garland shaxsiy hayotida yoshligidanoq kurashgan. Erta yulduzlik bosimi uning o'spirinligidan jismoniy va ruhiy sog'lig'iga ta'sir ko'rsatdi; uning o'zini o'zi tasvirlashiga u o'zini jismonan yoqimsiz deb hisoblagan va ekrandagi tashqi ko'rinishini manipulyatsiya qilgan kino rahbarlarining doimiy tanqidlari ta'sir ko'rsatdi.^[9] Voyaga etgan davrida u alkogol va giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish bilan bog'liq muammolar, shuningdek moliyaviy beqarorlik bilan qiynalgan, ko'pincha yuz minglab dollar qarzdor bo'lgan. soliqlarni qaytarib berish. Uning umrbod giyohvand moddalarni iste'mol qilish buzilishi bilan kurashishi oxir-oqibat Londonda tasodifan o'limiga olib keldi barbituratning haddan tashqari dozasi 47 yoshida

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Garlandning tug'ilgan joyi, Minnesota shtatining Grand Rapids shahrida, endi Judi Garland muzeyi

Garland 1922 yil 10 iyunda Frensis Ethel Gummda tug'ilgan Grand Rapids, Minnesota. U Ethel Marionning kenja farzandi edi (nee Milne; 1893–1953) va Frensis Avent "Frank" Gumm (1886–1935). Uning ota-onasi edi vedevillianlar Vodevil aktyorlari namoyish etgan kinoteatrni boshqarish uchun Grand Rapids-ga joylashdi. U irland, ingliz, shotland,^[10][11] va frantsuz Guguen^[12][13] ota-bobolari, ikkala ota-onasining nomi va suvga cho'mgan mahalliy Yepiskop cherkovi.^[14]

"Chaqaloq" (uni ota-onasi va singillari shunday atashgan)^[15] oilasining qo'shiq va raqsga bo'lgan qobiliyati bilan o'rtoqlashdi. Uning birinchi qiyofasi ikki yoshida, Rojdestvo dasturida otasining kino teatri sahnasida o'zining katta opalari Meri Jeyn "Suzi / Suzanna" Gumm va Doroti Virjiniya "Jimmi" Gumm bilan qo'shilib, "Jingle Bells ".^[16] Gumm opa-singillar u erda keyingi bir necha yil davomida onasi pianinoda hamrohligida chiqish qildilar.^[15]

Oila boshqa joyga ko'chib o'tdi Lancaster, Kaliforniya, 1926 yil iyun oyida, otasining gomoseksual moyilligi borligi haqidagi mish-mishlardan so'ng.^[17] Frank Lankasterda boshqa teatr sotib oldi va u bilan ishladi, Etel esa qizlarini boshqarish va ularni kinofilmlarga jalb qilish uchun ish boshladi.

Erta martaba

Gumm / Garland singillari

Gumm opa-singillari, shuningdek Garland singillari deb nomlanadilar, v. 1935 yil: Yuqori qator: Meri Jeyn va Doroti Virjiniya Gumm; pastki qismida: Frensis Ethel (Dudi Garland) Gumm

1928 yilda Gumm opa-singillar Ethel Meglin tomonidan boshqariladigan raqs maktabiga o'qishga kirdilar. Meglin Kiddies raqs guruhi. Ular truppa bilan har yili o'tkaziladigan Rojdestvo shousida paydo bo'lishdi.^[18] Meglin Kiddies orqali ular qisqa metrajli filmda debyut qilishdi Katta revu (1929), ular "Bu yaxshi qadimgi quyoshli janub" deb nomlangan qo'shiq va raqs raqamini ijro etishdi. Shundan so'ng ikkitadan ko'rinish paydo bo'ldi Vitafon keyingi yilgi shortilar: Storylanddagi ta'til (Garlandning birinchi ekrandagi yakkaxon ishtirokida) va Jek va Jilning to'yi. Keyin ular birgalikda paydo bo'lishdi Pufakchalar. Ularning ekrandagi so'nggi ko'rinishi MGMda edi Texnik rang qisqa nomli Santa-Barbara La Fiesta (1935).^[19]

Uchlik, ko'p yillar davomida Gevm opa-singillari sifatida vedvil sxemasini aylanib chiqishgan, ular Chikagodagi konsert dasturida chiqish qilishgan. Sharq teatri bilan Jorj Jessel 1934 yilda. U guruhni "Gumm" tomoshabinlarning kulgisi bilan kutib olgandan keyin yanada jozibali nom tanlashga undaydi. Teatr afsonasiga ko'ra, ularning harakati Chikagodagi teatrda bir vaqtlar "Glum opa-singillar" deb noto'g'ri yozilgan.^[20]

Garland nomidan foydalanishning kelib chiqishi bilan bog'liq bir nechta hikoyalar davom etmoqda. Ulardan biri Jessel tomonidan paydo bo'lgan Kerol Lombard filmdagi xarakter Lily Garland Yigirmanchi asr Da o'ynagan (1934) Sharqiy Chikagoda; ikkinchisi, qizlar dramaturg Robert Garlanddan keyin familiyani tanladilar.^[21] Garlandning qizi Lorna Luft Jessel trio "gullar gulchambaridan ko'ra chiroyli ko'rinardi" deb e'lon qilganida, uning onasi bu ismni tanlaganligini aytdi.^[22] Gollivudda televizion maxsus film suratga olingan Pantajlar teatri premyerasi Yulduz tug'iladi 1954 yil 29 sentyabrda Jessel shunday dedi:

Menimcha, odamlarga Judi Garland, Judi Garland deb ism qo'yganimni aytishim kerak edi. Buning farqi bo'lishi mumkin emas edi - agar siz uni "Tel-Aviv Vindzor Shell" deb chaqirsangiz, o'sha buyuk iste'dodni yashirolmaysiz, bilasizmi, lekin men u bilan birinchi tanishganimda uning ismi Frances Gumm edi va u bunday buyuk aktrisa shu qadar nozik bo'lishi kerak bo'lgan ism emas edi; ... va shuning uchun biz uni Judi Garland deb atadik va menimcha u bu kombinatsiya Xelen Xeys va Al Jolson, va ehtimol Jenni Lind va Sara Bernxardt.^[23]

Keyinchalik tushuntirish Jessel mehmon bo'lganida paydo bo'ldi Garlandning televizion namoyishi 1963 yilda u aktrisa yuborganini aytdi Judit Anderson "gulchambar" so'zini o'z ichiga olgan telegramma va u xayolida qoldi.^[24] Biroq Garland Jesseldan bir necha lahzadan so'ng ushbu voqea rostmi yoki yo'qmi deb so'radi va u beparvolik bilan "Yo'q" deb javob berdi.

1934 yil oxiriga kelib, Gumm opa-singillar o'z ismlarini Garland opa-singillar deb o'zgartirdilar.^[25] Ko'p o'tmay Frensis mashhur odamdan ilhomlanib, ismini "Djudi" ga o'zgartirdi Hoagy Karmayl Qo'shiq.^[26] Guruh Suzanna Garland uchib ketgan 1935 yil avgustga qadar tarqalib ketdi Reno, Nevada va turmushga chiqqan musiqachi Li Kan, Jimmi Devis orkestrining a'zosi Kal-Neva turar joyi, Tahoe ko'li.^[27]

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-da imzolangan

Garland va Mikki Runi yilda Sevgi Endi Hardini topadi (1938)

1935 yil sentyabrda, Lui B. Mayer - deb so'radi qo'shiq muallifi Berton-Leyn ga borish Orpheum teatri Los-Anjeles markazida Garland opa-singillarining vedvil harakatini tomosha qilish va unga hisobot berish. Bir necha kundan so'ng, Judi va uning otasi Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studiyasida tezkor tinglovga jalb qilindi. Kulver Siti. Garland ijro etdi "Zing! Yuragimning torlarini oldim "va" Eli, Eli ", 1896 yilda yozilgan va muntazam ravishda vedvilda ijro etiladigan Yiddish qo'shig'i.^{[28][yaxshiroq manba kerak ]} Studiya darhol Garlandni MGM bilan shartnoma imzoladi, ehtimol a ekran sinovi, garchi u bir necha oy oldin studiya uchun sinov o'tkazgan bo'lsa. Studiya u bilan nima qilishni bilmay qoldi; o'n uch yoshda, u an'anaviy bolalar yulduzidan kattaroq edi, lekin kattalar rollari uchun juda yosh edi.^[29]

Uning tashqi qiyofasi MGM uchun dilemma edi. U atigi 4 fut 11,5 dyuym (151,1 sm) va uning "yoqimli" yoki "qo'shni qiz "tashqi ko'rinish etakchi ayol ijrochilardan talab qilinadigan eng jozibali shaxsga misol bo'la olmadi. U o'zini o'zi anglagan va tashqi qiyofasi haqida xavotirda edi." Judi Metroda maktabga bordi Ava Gardner, Lana Tyorner, Elizabeth Teylor, haqiqiy go'zallar ", dedi Charlz Uolters, uni bir qator filmlarda boshqargan. "Djudi o'sha paytda katta pul ishlab chiqaruvchi va katta muvaffaqiyat qozongan, ammo u shunday edi yomon o'rdak ... Menimcha, bu unga uzoq vaqt davomida hissiy jihatdan juda zararli ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Menimcha, bu haqiqatan ham abadiy davom etdi. "^[30] Uning ishonchsizligini studiya boshlig'i Lui B. Mayerning munosabati yanada kuchaytirdi, u uni "kichkina hunchback" deb atadi.^[31]

Dastlabki studiyada u fotosuratga tushgan va o'zi uchun yaratilgan "qo'shni qiz" obraziga mos ravishda oddiy kiyimda yoki yupqa yoshdagi xalat va kostyumlarda kiyingan. Ular uni echib olishlari kerak edi qalpoqchalar burnini qayta shakllantirish uchun uning tishlari va rezinali disklarida.^[32] Oxir-oqibat, to'plamda Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing u 21 yoshida Garland uchrashdi Dotti Ponedel, MGMda ishlagan vizajist. Uning tashqi ko'rinishiga qo'shimchalarni ko'rib chiqib, Garland Ponedel Garland ishlatgan qopqoq va disklar kerak emasligini aytganda hayron bo'ldi, chunki u "chiroyli qiz" edi. Ponedel Garlandning vizajisti sifatida oldinga bordi. Ponedel Garlandda qilgan ishi Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing Garlandni shu qadar quvontirdiki, Ponedel har safar MGM ostida film ustida ishlaganda Garlandning maslahatchisi bo'ldi.^[33]

1935 yil 16-noyabrda 13 yoshli Garland radioeshittirishga tayyorgarlik ko'rayotgan paytda edi Shell Chateau Hour u otasining kasalxonaga yotqizilganligini bilganida meningit va yomon tomonga burilgan edi. Ertasi kuni ertalab Frank Gumm 49 yoshida vafot etdi va uni xafa qildi. Uning uchun qo'shig'i Shell Chateau Hour bu uning "Zing! Mening yuragimning torlarini aylantirdim" qo'shig'ining birinchi professional ijrosi bo'lib, uning ko'plab kontsertlarida namunaga aylandi.^[34]

Garland turli xil studiya funktsiyalarida ijro etgan va oxir-oqibat qarama-qarshi rol o'ynagan Deanna Durbin qisqa musiqiy Har yakshanba (1936). Film uning vokal diapazoni va tebranish uslubini Durbinning opera sopranosiga qarama-qarshi qo'ydi va ular uchun kengaytirilgan ekran sinovi bo'lib xizmat qildi, chunki studiya rahbarlari ikkita qiz qo'shiqchining ro'yxatga olinishi haqidagi savolga javob berishdi.^[35]

Garland studiyaning ma'murlari e'tiboriga uning maxsus aranjirovkasini kuylaganida tushdi.Sen meni sevishingga sabab qilding (buni qilishni xohlamadim) "ga Klark Geybl studiya aktyor uchun uyushtirgan tug'ilgan kunida. Uning ijrosi shunchalik yaxshi baholandiki, u qo'shiqni yulduzlararo ekstravaganzada ijro etdi Broadway Melody 1938 y (1937), u uning fotosuratiga qo'shiq aytganda.^[36]

Garland ichkarida Sevgi Endi Hardini topadi (1938)

Garlandni juftlashtirganda MGM yutuqli formulani urdi Mikki Runi "orqa musiqiy musiqalar" deb nomlangan qatorda.^[37] Dastlab duet birgalikda yordamchi belgilar sifatida paydo bo'ldi B filmi Yaxshi avlodlar yig'lamaydilar (1937). Garland keyinchalik Hardy Family filmlarining to'rtinchisining aktyorlari tarkibiga Runi personaji Endi Xardi bilan qo'shni bo'lgan tom ma'noda qiz sifatida qo'shildi. Sevgi Endi Hardini topadi (1938), garchi Hardining muhabbat qiziqishi o'ynagan bo'lsa ham Lana Tyorner. Ular birinchi marta bosh rollarda qatnashdilar Qo'lidagi chaqaloqlar (1939), natijada Hardy filmlarini o'z ichiga olgan beshta qo'shimcha filmda ishtirok etdi Endi Xardi debyutant bilan uchrashdi (1940) va Hayot Andy Hardy uchun boshlanadi (1941).

Garland ta'kidlashicha, u, Runi va boshqa yosh ijrochilar doimiy ravishda tayinlanib turishgan amfetaminlar hushyor turish va birin-ketin film suratga olishning ashaddiy sur'atlariga rioya qilish uchun. Ularga ham berildi barbituratlar uxlashlari uchun yotishdan oldin olish.^[38] Giyohvand moddalarni muntazam ravishda iste'mol qilish, deydi u, giyohvandlik va umr bo'yi kurashga olib keldi. Keyinchalik u gavjum jadvaldan norozi bo'lib, MGM uning yoshligini o'g'irlaganiga ishondi. Ammo Runi ularning studiyasi unga qaram bo'lganligi uchun javobgarligini rad etdi: "Judi Garlandga hech qachon Metro-Goldvin-Mayer tomonidan hech qanday giyohvand moddalar berilmagan. Janob Mayer Djudi uchun hech qanday sanktsiya bermagan. Judi Garlandning o'limi uchun bu partiyada hech kim javobgar emas edi. Afsuski, Judi bu yo'lni tanladi. "^[39]

Garlandning vazni sog'lom darajada edi, ammo studiya undan doimo ovqatlanishni talab qildi. Ular hatto odatdagi ovqatga buyurtma berganlarida, unga faqat bir piyola osh va bir piyola marul xizmat qilishgacha borishdi.^[9] Muvaffaqiyatli film va yozish kareralari, mukofotlari, tanqidiy maqtovlari va butun dunyo bo'ylab konsert zallarini to'ldirish qobiliyatiga qaramay, u butun hayoti davomida o'ziga ishonchsizlik bilan qiynalgan. U iste'dodli va jozibali ekanligidan doimo ishonchni talab qildi.^[40]

Oz sehrgar

Garland ichkarida Oz sehrgar (1939)

1938 yilda u o'n olti yoshida Garland yosh Doroti Geylga qo'shildi Oz sehrgar (1939), 1900 yildagi bolalar kitobi asosida film L. Frank Baum. Filmda u o'zini keyinchalik tanib bo'ladigan qo'shiqni kuyladi ".Kamalak ustida ". Garchi ishlab chiqaruvchilar Artur ozod va Mervin LeRoy uni boshidanoq ushbu rolga qo'yishni xohlagan edi, studiya boshlig'i Mayer avval qarz olishga harakat qildi Shirli ibodatxonasi dan 20th Century Fox, lekin ular rad etishdi. Deanna Durbin deb so'radilar, ammo mavjud emas edi; bu Garlandning quyilishiga olib keldi.^[41]

Dastlab Garland ushbu qismga sariq sochli tul kiyib olgan edi, ammo Freed va LeRoy filmni suratga olishga ko'p o'tmay bunga qarshi qaror qilishdi. Uning ko'k gingham uning qiyofasiga xiralashganligi uchun libos tanlangan, bu esa uni yoshroq ko'rinishga olib kelgan.^[42] Otish 1938 yil 13 oktyabrda boshlangan,^[43] va u 1939 yil 16 martda yakunlandi,^[44] yakuniy qiymati 2 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq bo'lgan.^[45] Rasmga tushirish tugagandan so'ng, MGM Garlandni reklama safari va suratga olish bilan band qildi Qo'lidagi chaqaloqlar (shuningdek, 1939), rejissyor Basbi Berkli. U va Runi kross-reklama turiga jo'natildi, 17 avgust kuni Nyu-York shahridagi premyerasi bilan yakunlandi. Kapitoliy teatri Ikkala yulduzning kuniga beshta ko'rgazma ko'rinish jadvalini o'z ichiga olgan.^[46] Garland sigaret, tovuq sho'rva va qahvadan iborat parhezga tushdi.^[47]

Oz sehrgar juda katta muvaffaqiyatga erishdi, garchi uning yuqori byudjeti va reklama aktsiyalari taxminan 4 million dollarni (2020 yilda 73,5 million dollarga teng) tashkil etgan bo'lsa-da, diskontlangan bolalar chiptalari hisobidan tushadigan kam daromad bilan birga, film foyda keltirmaguncha 1940-yillarda va keyingi holatlarda qayta nashr etilgan.^[48] Da 1939 yil Oskar mukofotlari marosimida Garland uni qabul qildi Akademiya mukofoti, an Voyaga etmaganlar akademiyasining mukofoti 1939 yildagi chiqishlari uchun, shu jumladan Oz sehrgar va Qo'lidagi chaqaloqlar. U ushbu mukofotni olgan to'rtinchi odam edi, shuningdek tarixda o'n ikki kishidan bittasi bilan taqdirlangan.^[49]

Voyaga etganlarning yulduzligi

Garland "Trolley qo'shig'i" ni kuylamoqda Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing (1944)

Garland 1940 yilda chiqarilgan uchta filmda rol o'ynagan: Endi Xardi debyutant bilan uchrashdi, Tarmoqqa zarba bering va Kichkina Nelli Kelli. Ikkinchisida u o'zining birinchi kattalar rolini, ham ona, ham qizning ikki tomonlama rolini o'ynadi. Kichkina Nelli Kelli dan sotib olingan Jorj M. Koxan unga tomoshabinlarning jozibasini va tashqi qiyofasini namoyish etadigan vosita sifatida. Bu rol u uchun qiyin bo'lgan, aksentdan, birinchi kattalar o'pishidan va kariyerasidagi yagona o'lim sahnasidan foydalanishni talab qilgan.^[50] Uning sherigi Jorj Merfi o'pishni uyatli deb hisobladi. Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu "bolali kelin bilan tepalikka o'xshaydi".^[9]

Shu vaqt ichida Garland hali ham o'spirin edi, qachonki u bandleyer bilan birinchi marta kattalar bilan bo'lgan birinchi romantikasini boshdan kechirgan edi Artie Shou. U unga juda bag'ishlangan edi va 1940 yil boshida u qochib ketganida juda xafa bo'ldi Lana Tyorner.^[51] Garland musiqachi bilan munosabatlarni boshladi Devid Rouz va uning 18 yoshga to'lgan kunida u unga nishon uzugini sovg'a qildi. Studiya aralashdi, chunki o'sha paytda u hali aktrisa va qo'shiqchi bilan turmush qurgan edi Marta Raye. Ular ajrashishining yakuniy bo'lishiga imkon berish uchun bir yil kutishga kelishdilar. Shu vaqt ichida Garland qo'shiq muallifi bilan qisqa munosabatda bo'ldi Johnny Mercer. Mercer bilan aloqani uzganidan so'ng, Garland va Rouz 1941 yil 27 iyulda turmushga chiqdilar.^[52] "Haqiqiy noyoblik" - bu ommaviy axborot vositalari buni nomlagan.^[9] Er-xotin sinovdan ajratish 1943 yil yanvarda va 1944 yilda ajrashgan.^[53]

1941 yilda Garland, onasining va studiyaning talabiga binoan, Rose ma'ruzachining bolasi bilan homilador bo'lib, homiladorlik tasdiqlanmaganligi sababli abort qildi. U 1943 yilda, ishqiy munosabatlaridan homilador bo'lganida, ikkinchisiga ega edi Tyrone Power.^[54]

Uchun reklama reklama Lily Marsni taqdim etish (1943)

Uning keyingi filmida, Men va mening galim uchun (1942), Garland bilan ijro etdi Jin Kelli uning birinchi ekran ko'rinishida. Unga "maftunkor muolaja" berildi Lily Marsni taqdim etish (1943), unda u "kattalar" xalat kiygan. Uning yoritilgan sochlari ham zamonaviy uslubda taralgan. Biroq, u ekranda yoki fotosuratlarda qanchalik jozibali yoki chiroyli ko'rinmasin, u hech qachon o'zining tashqi qiyofasiga ishonmagan va studiya o'zi uchun yaratgan "qo'shni qiz" obrazidan qochib qutulmagan.^[55]

Garlandning MGM uchun eng muvaffaqiyatli filmlaridan biri bu edi Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing (1944), unda u uchta standartni joriy qildi: "Trolley qo'shig'i ", "Keyingi eshikdagi bola ", va"O'zingizni Rojdestvo bayrami bilan muborak qiling "Bu uning karerasidagi birinchi jozibali etakchi xonim bo'lish imkoniyatini bergan filmlardan biri edi. Vinsente Minnelli rejissyorga tayinlandi va u vizajist Doroti Ponedelni Garlandga tayinlashni iltimos qildi. Ponedel o'zining tashqi qiyofasini bir nechta usullar bilan yaxshilab oldi, shu jumladan, qoshlarini cho'zish va o'zgartirish, soch turmagini o'zgartirish, lab chizig'ini o'zgartirish va burun disklari va tish qopqoqlarini olib tashlash. U natijalarni juda qadrlaganki, Ponedel MGM-da qolgan barcha rasmlari uchun shartnomasida yozilgan edi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Bu vaqtda Garland kinorejissyor bilan qisqa munosabatda bo'ldi Orson Uells, o'sha paytda kim bilan turmush qurgan Rita Xeyvort. Ish 1945 yil boshida tugadi va keyinchalik ular yaxshi munosabatda bo'lishdi.^{[56][sahifa kerak ]}

Filmni suratga olish paytida Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing, Garland va Minnelli o'rtasida dastlabki to'qnashuvlar bo'lgan, ammo ular munosabatlarga kirishib, 1945 yil 15-iyun kuni turmush qurishgan.^[57] 1946 yil 12 martda qizim Liza Tug'ilgan.^[58] Er-xotin 1951 yilgacha ajrashgan.^[59]

Soat (1945) Garlandning birinchi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri dramatik filmi; Robert Uoker asosiy erkak rolida suratga olingan. Film tanqidiy maqtovga sazovor bo'lgan va daromad olgan bo'lsa-da, aksariyat kino muxlislari uning kuylashini kutishgan. U ko'p yillar davomida qo'shiq aytmaydigan dramatik rolda yana harakat qilmadi. Garlandning 40-yillardagi boshqa filmlariga kiradi Harvi qizlari (1946), unda u Oskar mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan qo'shiqni taqdim etdi "Atchison, Topeka va Santa-Feda ", va Bulutlar aylanmaguncha (1946).^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Oxirgi MGM kinofilmlari

Filmni suratga olish paytida Qaroqchi 1948 yil aprelda Garland a asab buzilishi va oddiy odamga joylashtirildi sanatoriy.^[60] U filmni suratga olishga muvaffaq bo'ldi, ammo iyul oyida u birinchi filmni suratga oldi o'z joniga qasd qilish, singan shisha bilan uning bilagiga mayda kesiklar qilish.^[61] Ushbu davr mobaynida u ikki hafta davomida davolanishni o'tkazdi Ostin Riggs markazi, Massachusets shtatidagi Stokbridjdagi psixiatriya kasalxonasi.^[62] Qaroqchi 1948 yil may oyida chiqarilgan va o'sha paytdan beri Garland rol o'ynagan birinchi film edi Oz sehrgar foyda qilmaslik. Muvaffaqiyatsizlikning asosiy sabablari nafaqat uning narxi, balki Garland kasal bo'lgan paytda tortishish kechikishining ortib borayotgan xarajatlari, shuningdek, keng jamoatchilik uni hali ham murakkab filmda qabul qilishga tayyor emasligi edi. Uning ishi bo'yicha Qaroqchi, u birinchi va yagona marta birga rol ijro etdi Fred Aster (Kelli to'pig'ini sindirib olganidan keyin Gen Kelini o'rniga kelgan) Fisih paradi (1948), bu uning MGM-da eng ko'p daromad keltiradigan filmiga aylandi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Garland ichkarida Bulutlar aylanmaguncha (1946)

Kassaning ulkan kvitansiyalari bilan hayajonlandi Fisih paradi, MGM darhol Garland va Astaire-ni birlashtirdi Brodveyning Barklilari. Dastlabki suratga olish paytida Garland suratga tushayotgan edi retsept barbiturat uyqu tabletkalari va noqonuniy ravishda olingan tabletkalarni o'z ichiga oladi morfin. Taxminan shu vaqt ichida u spirtli ichimliklar bilan bog'liq jiddiy muammoga duch keldi. Ular bilan birgalikda O'chokli bosh og'rig'i, uni ketma-ket o'q otish kunlarini o'tkazib yuborishga olib keldi. Shifokor tomonidan u to'rt-besh kunlik stavkalarda faqat uzoq muddatli dam olish bilan ishlashga qodir ekanligi to'g'risida maslahat berilgandan so'ng, MGM rahbari Artur ozod 1948 yil 18-iyulda uni to'xtatib turish to'g'risida qaror qabul qildi. Filmda uning o'rnini egalladi Zanjabil Rojers.^[63] Ishdan bo'shatish tugagach, u yana ishga chaqirildi va oxir-oqibat mehmonda ikkita qo'shiqni ijro etdi Rodjers va Xart biopik So'zlar va musiqa (1948), bu uning Mikki Runi bilan so'nggi ko'rinishi edi. Yulduzli aktyorlar tarkibiga qaramay, So'zlar va musiqa kassada ham zo'rg'a sindi. O'zining kuchini tiklagan va shuningdek, to'xtatib turish paytida ozgina zarur bo'lgan vaznga ega bo'lgan Garland o'zini ancha yaxshi his qildi va 1948 yilning kuzida u homilador ayolni almashtirish uchun MGMga qaytib keldi. Iyun Ellison musiqiy film uchun Yaxshi Eski Yozda (1949) birgalikda rol ijro etgan Van Jonson. Garchi u ushbu rasmni tayyorlash paytida ba'zan studiyaga kechikib kelgan bo'lsa ham, u uni muddatidan besh kun oldin bajarishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Uning qizi Liza o'zining filmidagi debyutini filmning oxirida ikki yarim yoshida amalga oshirdi. Qadimgi yaxshi yozda kassada juda muvaffaqiyatli bo'ldi.^[64]

Keyinchalik Garland filmning moslashuviga jalb qilingan Enni sizning qurolingizni oling ning bosh rolida Enni Okli. U qat'iy belgilangan rolni bajarish umidida asabiylashdi Ethel Merman, bir necha yil davomida balog'at yoshiga etmagan bolalarni ajratib olgandan keyin jozibali qismda paydo bo'lishidan xavotirda va rejissyor qo'lidagi muomalasidan bezovta bo'lgan Basbi Berkli. Berkli barcha musiqiy raqamlarni sahnalashtirar edi va Garlandning kuchi, munosabati va g'ayratining etishmasligi bilan qattiqqo'l edi. U Berklini bu xususiyatdan haydashga urinib, Mayerga shikoyat qildi. U to'plamga kech kela boshladi va ba'zida paydo bo'lmadi. Ayni paytda u depressiya uchun elektroşok terapiyasini ham boshdan kechirmoqda.^[65][66][67] U 1949 yil 10-mayda rasmdan bo'shatilgan va uning o'rnini egallagan Betti Xatton Berkli tomonidan sahnalashtirilgan barcha musiqiy ishlarni bajarishga kirishdi.^[68]

Garland keng kasalxonada yotdi Piter Bent Brigham kasalxonasi yilda Boston, Massachusets, unda u dori-darmonlaridan ajratilgan va bir muncha vaqt o'tgach, odatdagidek ovqatlanish va uxlash imkoniyatiga ega bo'ldi. O'zining yashash vaqtida u nogiron bolalar bilan uchrashuvda taskin topdi; ko'tarilgan masalalar bo'yicha 1964 yilda bo'lib o'tgan intervyusida Bola kutmoqda (1963) va Garlandning Piter Bent Brigham kasalxonasida tiklanishida shunday degan edi: "Bu menga aqlimni olib tashlash orqali yordam berdi va ... ular juda zavqli edilar, ular juda mehribon va yaxshi edilar va men o'zimni unutgan edim. o'zgarish uchun ".^[69] Garland og'irroq tarzda Los-Anjelesga qaytib keldi va 1949 yilning kuzida Gen Kelli qarshisiga tashlandi Yozgi aksiya (1950). Filmni suratga olish jarayoni olti oy davom etdi. Kilogrammni yo'qotish uchun Garland yana tabletkalarga qaytdi va tanish naqsh qayta tiklandi. U kech ko'rinishni boshladi yoki umuman yo'q. Asosiy fotosurat yoqilganda Yozgi aksiya 1950 yil bahorida yakunlandi, Garlandga qo'shimcha musiqiy raqam kerak deb qaror qilindi. U qo'shiq bo'lishi sharti bilan buni qilishga rozi bo'ldi. "Baxtli bo'ling ". Bundan tashqari, u o'sha direktorga turib oldi Charlz Uolters xoreograf va raqamni sahnalashtirish. O'sha paytga kelib Garland 15 kilogramm vazn yo'qotgan va ingichka ko'rinishga ega bo'lgan. "Baxtli bo'l" - bu oxirgi segment edi Yozgi aksiya filmga tushirish. Bu uning MGM uchun so'nggi surati edi. 1950 yil kuzida chiqarilganida, Yozgi aksiya katta olomonni jalb qildi va juda hurmatga sazovor bo'lgan kassa kvitansalarini olib tashladi, ammo Garland tomonidan amalga oshirilgan qimmatbaho tortishish kechikishlari tufayli film studiyaga 80 000 dollar zarar etkazdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Garland filmga suratga olingan Qirollik to'yi Fred Astaire bilan iyun oyida Ellison homilador bo'lganidan keyin 1950 yilda. U bir necha marotaba sahnaga xabar bermagan va studiya o'zining shartnomasini 1950 yil 17 iyunda to'xtatib qo'ygan. Uning o'rniga Jeyn Pauell.^[70] Uning o'limidan keyin obro'li tarjimai hollarda aytilishicha, ushbu so'nggi ishdan bo'shatilgandan so'ng, u shishani sindirib, bo'ynini ozgina boqgan, faqat Bint, ammo o'sha paytda jamoatchilik umidsiz Garlandning tomog'ini kesib tashlaganligi haqida xabardor bo'ldi.^[71] Garland keyinchalik o'z joniga qasd qilish harakati haqida shunday dedi: "Men oldinda shunchaki chalkashliklar bor edi." "Men kelajakni ham, o'tmishni ham qoralamoqchi edim. Men o'zimga va meni ranjitganlarning barchasiga azob berishni xohlardim."^[72] 1950 yil sentyabrda, Garland va MGM studiyasida 15 yillik faoliyatidan so'ng, kompaniya ajralib chiqdi.^[73]

Keyinchalik martaba

Bing Krosbining radio-shousidagi chiqishlari

Garland tez-tez mehmon bo'lib turardi Kraft musiqiy zali, uning do'sti mezbonlik qildi Bing Krosbi. Garlandning o'z joniga qasd qilishning ikkinchi urinishidan so'ng, Krosbi tushkunlikka tushganini va puli tugayotganini bilib, uni o'zining radio-shousiga taklif qildi - yangi mavsumning birinchi kuni - 1950 yil 11 oktyabr.

U qanotlarida qo'rquvdan titrab turardi. U deyarli histerik edi. U aytdi: "Men u erga chiqolmayman, chunki ularning hammasi chandiqlar bor-yo'qligini qidirishadi va bu dahshatli bo'ladi". Bing "Nima bo'lyapti?" Dedi. Men unga nima bo'lganini aytdim va u sahnaga chiqdi va u: "Biz bu erda do'stimiz bor, u yaqinda biroz muammoga duch keldi. Ehtimol siz bu haqda eshitgansiz - hozir hamma narsa yaxshi, u bizning sevgimizga muhtoj. U bizning qo'llab-quvvatlashimizga muhtoj" . U shu erda - keling, unga beramiz, maylimi? Mana Judi. " Va u chiqdi va u joy aqldan ozdi. Va u shunchaki gulladi.

— Hal Kanter, Bing uchun yozuvchi

1950-51 yilgi mavsumda Garland sakkiz marta maydonga tushgan Bing Krosbi - Chesterfild shousi, bu uning karerasini darhol kuchaytirdi. Ko'p o'tmay, u Evropada olomonni tanib olish uchun to'rt oy davomida gastrolda bo'ldi.^[74]

Sahnadagi yulduzlik yangilandi

Garland hali ham reklama qilmoqda (1954)

1951 yilda Garland Buyuk Britaniya va Irlandiyada to'rt oylik kontsert safarini boshladi, u erda u Angliya, Shotlandiya va Irlandiyada sotilgan tomoshabinlarga o'ynadi.^[75] Muvaffaqiyatli kontsert safari uning ko'plab qaytishlaridan birinchisi bo'lib, qo'shiqlar asosida ijro etilgan Al Jolson Vodevillian "an'analarini" qayta tiklash. Garland o'zining konsertlarida Jolsonga hurmat sifatida to'liq shoularni namoyish etdi London Palladium aprelda va Nyu-Yorkda Saroy teatri o'sha yili. Garland Palladiy shousidan so'ng shunday dedi: "Men kutilmaganda bu yangi hayotning boshlanishi ekanligini bildim ... Gollivud men boshdan kechirdim deb o'ylardim; keyin London Palladiyida paydo bo'lish uchun ajoyib imkoniyat paydo bo'ldi, men Judi Garland qayta tug'ilgan deb ayta olaman. . "^[76] Uning Paladyumdagi chiqishlari to'rt hafta davom etdi, u erda u juda yaxshi baholandi va Paladyum menejeri tomonidan eshitilgan eng baland ovoz bilan ta'riflandi.^[77][78]

Garlandning ishtiroki Saroy teatri 1951 yil oktyabr oyida Manxettenda teatr va Garland uchun avvalgi barcha rekordlardan oshib ketdi va "shou-biznes tarixidagi eng katta shaxsiy g'alabalardan biri" deb nomlandi.^[79] Garland a bilan taqdirlandi Maxsus Toni mukofoti vedvilni qayta tiklashga qo'shgan hissasi uchun.^[80]

Garland o'sha yili Minnelli bilan ajrashgan.^[81] 1952 yil 8-iyun kuni u turmushga chiqdi Sidney Luft, uning tur menejeri va prodyuseri, yilda Hollister, Kaliforniya.^[82] Garland tug'di Lorna Luft 1952 yil 21-noyabrda aktrisa va qo'shiqchiga aylandi va 1955 yil 29-martda Joey Luftga.^[83]

Gollivudning qaytishi

Garland ichkarida Yulduz tug'iladi (1954)

Garland paydo bo'ldi Jeyms Meyson ichida Warner Bros. film Yulduz tug'iladi (1954), birinchi qayta tuzish 1937 yilgi film. U va uning o'sha paytdagi eri Sidney Luft ular orqali filmni suratga olishgan ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi, Transcona Enterprises, Warner Bros esa moliya, ishlab chiqarish binolari va ekipaj bilan ta'minlagan.^[84] Rejissor Jorj Kukor, bu dastlab o'zini to'liq bag'ishlagan katta ish edi.^[85]

Rasmga tushirish jarayoni davom etar ekan, u MGM-dagi so'nggi filmlarida tez-tez aytgan kasallik iltimoslarini qila boshladi. Ishlab chiqarishni kechiktirish xarajatlarning oshib ketishiga va Warner Bros. boshi bilan g'azablangan to'qnashuvlarga olib keldi Jek L. Uorner. 1954 yil 17 martda asosiy fotosurat o'ralgan. Luftning taklifiga binoan "Magistralda tug'ilgan" medleyi uning uchun vitrin sifatida suratga olingan va rejissyor Kukorning e'tirozlari bilan qo'shilgan, chunki qo'shimcha uzunlik boshqa sohalarda qisqartirishga olib keladi. U 29 iyulda yakunlandi.^[86]

1954 yil 29 sentyabrda jahon premyerasida film tanqidiy va ommabop olqishlarga sazovor bo'ldi. Chiqishdan oldin u Jek Uornerning ko'rsatmasi bilan tahrir qilingan; teatr operatorlari, filmni kuniga besh yoki oltita emas, balki kuniga atigi uch-to'rtta tomosha qilish imkoniga ega bo'lganliklari sababli pul yo'qotayotganimizdan xavotirlanib, studiyani qo'shimcha qisqartirishlarni talab qilishdi. Dastlabki kelishuvlardan so'ng, taxminan 30 daqiqali kadrlar kesilib, tanqidchilar va kino muxlislarining noroziligiga sabab bo'ldi. Garchi u hali ham mashhur bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, juda ko'p odamlarni jalb qildi va birinchi chiqishida 6 000 000 dollardan ko'proq pul ishladi, Yulduz tug'iladi o'z xarajatlarini qoplamadi va pul yo'qotish bilan yakunlandi. Natijada Garland daromaddan kutgan ishonchli moliyaviy holati amalga oshmadi.^[87] Transcona endi Warner bilan birga film suratga olmadi.^[88]

Garland eng yaxshi aktrisa nominatsiyasida Oskar mukofotiga nomzod bo'lgan va shu vaqtgacha 27-chi Oskar mukofotlari, odatda g'alaba qozonishi kutilgandi Yulduz tug'iladi. U tantanali marosimda ishtirok eta olmadi, chunki u o'g'li Jozef Luftni dunyoga keltirgan edi, shuning uchun televizor brigadasi uning kasalxonasida kameralar va simlar bilan kutib olingan qabul nutqini efirga uzatgan edi. Ammo Oskar mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi Greys Kelli uchun Qishloq qizi (1954). Suratga olish guruhi Kelli hatto sahnaga chiqqunga qadar o'z mahsulotlarini yig'ishtirgan. Groucho Marks mukofotlash marosimidan so'ng Garlandga telegramma jo'natdi va uning yo'qotilishini e'lon qildi "O'shandan beri eng katta talonchilik Brinks ". TIME o'z ijrosini "zamonaviy kino tarixidagi yagona ayollarning eng katta namoyishi" deb etiketladi.^[89] Garland g'alaba qozondi Oltin globus mukofoti uchun Musiqiy filmning eng yaxshi aktrisasi roli uchun.^[90]

Garland filmlari keyin Yulduz tug'iladi kiritilgan Nürnbergdagi hukm (1961) (u uchun "Oskar" va "Oltin globus" eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktrisa nomzodi bo'lgan), animatsion film Gay Purr-ee (1962) va Bola kutmoqda (1963) bilan Burt Lankaster. Uning so'nggi filmi edi Men qo'shiq aytishni davom ettirishim mumkin edi (1963), bosh rollarda Dirk Bogarde.^[91]

Televizion, konsertlar va Karnegi Xoll

Garland kiyinish xonasida Yunon teatri (1957)

Garland 1955 yildan boshlangan bir qator televizion maxsus dasturlarda paydo bo'ldi. Birinchisi 1955 yil debyut epizodi Ford Star yubileyi; bu hozirgi kungacha bo'lgan birinchi to'liq ko'lamli rangli translyatsiya edi CBS va 34,8 ball to'plagan reytinglar g'alaba qozondi Nilsen reytingi. U tarmoq bilan uch yillik 300 ming dollarlik shartnoma imzoladi. 1956 yilda faqat bitta qo'shimcha maxsus translyatsiya jonli konsert-nashri Umumiy elektr teatri, Lufts va CBS o'rtasidagi munosabatlar yaqinlashib kelayotgan maxsus mahsulotlarning rejalashtirilgan formati bo'yicha tortishuvda buzilgunga qadar.^[92]

1956 yilda Garland to'rt hafta davomida kontsert berdi Yangi chegara mehmonxonasi ustida Las-Vegas Strip haftasiga 55000 AQSh dollari miqdoridagi maosh uchun, uni Las-Vegasda ishlash uchun eng ko'p to'lanadigan ko'ngilocharga aylantirdi.^[93] Qisqa jangga qaramay laringit, bitta ijro uchun qaerda Jerri Lyuis u nogironlar kolyaskasida tomosha qilish uchun to'ldirilgan, u erda uning chiqishlari shu qadar muvaffaqiyatli bo'lganki, uning yurishi qo'shimcha haftaga uzaytirildi.^[94] O'sha yili u saroy teatriga qaytib keldi, u o'zining ikki kunlik g'alabasi joyida. U sentyabr oyida yana bir bor sharhlar va xalqning olqishiga sazovor bo'lish uchun ochildi.^[95]

1959 yil noyabr oyida Garlandga o'tkir tashxis qo'yilganidan keyin kasalxonaga yotqizilgan gepatit.^[96] Keyingi bir necha hafta ichida 1960 yil yanvar oyida kasalxonadan chiqqunga qadar uning tanasidan bir necha litr suyuqlik chiqarildi va u hali ham zaif holatda edi. Shifokorlar unga, ehtimol, besh yil yoki undan ham kam umr ko'rishlari kerakligini, hatto omon qolgan taqdirda ham yarim nogiron bo'lib qolishini va boshqa hech qachon qo'shiq aytmasligini aytishdi.^[97] U dastlab tashxis qo'yilganida o'zini "juda yengil his qildi". "Hayotimda birinchi marta bosim menga tushdi."^[71] Biroq, u keyingi bir necha oy ichida tuzalib ketdi va o'sha yilning avgust oyida Paladyum sahnasiga qaytdi. U o'zini inglizlar tomonidan juda iliq qabul qilganini his qilgani sababli, u Angliyaga doimiy ravishda ko'chib o'tish niyatida ekanligini e'lon qildi.^[98]

1960 yil boshida Garland bilan shartnoma imzoladi Tasodifiy uy uning tarjimai holini yozish. Kitobni chaqirish kerak edi Judi Garland haqidagi hikoyava bilan hamkorlik bo'ladi Fred F. Finklexof. Garlandga 35000 AQSh dollari miqdorida avans to'langan va u va Finkxofe o'zlarining hayoti haqidagi suhbatlarni qo'lyozma tayyorlashda ishlatish uchun yozib olishgan. Garland o'zining tarjimai holi ustida 1960-yillarda ishlaydi va o'chiradi, ammo uni hech qachon yakunlamagan. Uning tugallanmagan tarjimai holining qismlari 2014 yilgi biografiyaga kiritilgan, Judy Garland haqida Judy Garland: intervyular va uchrashuvlar Rendi L. Shmidt tomonidan.^[99][100]

Uning kontserti Karnegi Xoll 1961 yil 23 aprelda ko'pchilik "shou-biznes tarixidagi eng buyuk kecha" deb nom olgan muhim voqea bo'ldi.^[101] Ikki yozuvli albom Karnegi Xollidagi Judi sertifikatlangan oltin, 95 haftalik jadval Billboard, shu jumladan birinchi raqamda 13 hafta. To'rtta g'alaba qozondi Grammy mukofotlari, shu jumladan Yil albomi va Yilning eng yaxshi ayol vokali.^[102]

Judi Garland shousi

Din Martin, Garland va Frank Sinatra (1962)

1961 yilda Garland va CBS shartnomalar bo'yicha kelishmovchiliklarni uning yangi agenti yordamida hal qilishdi, Freddi Filds, va maxsus yangi turda muzokaralar olib bordi. Birinchisi, sarlavhali Judi Garland shousi, 1962 yil 25 fevralda efirga uzatilgan^[103] va taniqli mehmonlar Frank Sinatra va Din Martin.^[104] Ushbu muvaffaqiyatdan so'ng, CBS unga haftalik teleseriali uchun 24 million dollar taklif qildi va uni chaqirish uchun ham taklif qildi Judi Garland shousi O'sha paytda matbuotda "televidenie tarixidagi eng katta iste'dodlar shartnomasi" deb topilgan. U 1955 yildayoq hech qachon haftalik teleseriallar qilmasligini aytgan bo'lsa-da,^[105] 1960 yillarning boshlarida u moliyaviy jihatdan qiyin ahvolda edi. U bir necha yuz ming dollar qarzdor edi Ichki daromad xizmati, 1951 va 1952 yillarda soliqlarni to'lamagan va to'lamagan Yulduz tug'iladi u bu sarmoyadan hech narsa olmaganligini anglatadi.^[106]

Uchinchi maxsus tadbirdan so'ng, Judi Garland va uning mehmonlari Fil Silvers va Robert Gyulet, Garlandning haftalik seriyasi 1963 yil 29 sentyabrda namoyish etilgan.^[107] Judi Garland shousi tanqidiy maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi,^[108][109] ammo turli sabablarga ko'ra (shu jumladan qarama-qarshi vaqt oralig'iga joylashtirilgan) Bonanza kuni NBC ), shou faqat bir mavsum davom etdi va 1964 yilda 26 qismdan keyin bekor qilindi. Qisqa muddatga ega bo'lishiga qaramay, serial to'rtlikka nomzod bo'lgan Emmi mukofotlari Eng yaxshi estrada turkumi, shu jumladan.^[110]

Shu vaqt ichida Garland aktyor bilan 6 oylik ishqiy munosabatda bo'ldi Glenn Ford. Garlandning biografi Jerald Klark, Fordning o'g'li Piter, qo'shiqchi Mel Tormé va uning eri Sid Luft ish haqida o'zlarining tarjimai hollarida yozishgan. Aloqalar 1963 yilda Garland o'zining televizion shousini namoyish qilayotgan paytda boshlangan. Garland qo'shiq aytayotganda Ford birinchi qatorda o'tirgan tomoshaning kassetalarida qatnashardi. Ford Garlandga keyingi hayotidagi eng barqaror munosabatlardan birini bergani uchun xizmat qiladi. Ish Garlandning unga uylanmoqchi bo'lganini anglagach, ish Ford (o'g'li Piterning so'zlariga ko'ra taniqli ayol ayol) tomonidan tugatilgan.^[111]

Siyosiy qarashlar

Garland umrbod va nisbatan faol bo'lgan Demokrat. Uning hayoti davomida u Gollivud Demokratik qo'mitasining a'zosi va turli sabablarga ko'ra moliyaviy va ma'naviy tarafdor bo'lgan, shu jumladan Fuqarolik huquqlari harakati. U Demokratik partiyadan prezidentlikka nomzodlarning saylov kampaniyasiga pul o'tkazdi Franklin D. Ruzvelt, Adlai Stivenson II, Jon F. Kennedi va Robert F. Kennedi va Progressiv nomzod Genri A. Uolles.^{[112][113][114][115]}

1947 yil sentyabrda Garland qo'shildi Birinchi o'zgartirish uchun qo'mita, Gollivud mashhurlari tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan guruh Gollivud o'nligi tinglovlari paytida Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari faoliyati qo'mitasi (HUAC), an investigative committee of the Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Vakillar palatasi boshchiligidagi J. Parnell Tomas, which was formed to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and organizations suspected of having Communist ties. The Committee for the First Amendment sought to protect the civil liberties of those accused. Boshqa a'zolar kiritilgan Xemfri Bogart, Loren Bakall, Doroti Dandrij, Jon Garfild, Katarin Xepbern, Lena Xorn, Jon Xuston, Jin Kelli va Billi Uaylder. Garland took part in recording an all-star October 26, 1947 radio broadcast, Gollivud orqaga qaytadi, during which she exhorted listeners to action: "Before every free conscience in America is subpoenaed, please speak up! Say your piece! Write your congressman a letter – air mail special. Let the Congress know what you think of its Un-American Committee."^[116]

Garland was a friend of President Jon F. Kennedi va uning rafiqasi Jaklin Kennedi, and she often vacationed in Hyannis porti, Massachusets shtati. The house she stayed in during her vacations in Hyannis Port is known today as The Judy Garland House because of her association with the property.^[117] Garland would call the President weekly, often ending her phone calls by singing the first few bars of "Over the Rainbow".^[117]

On August 28, 1963, Garland and other prominent celebrities such as Jozefina Beyker, Sidni Poitier, Lena Xorn, Pol Nyuman, Rita Moreno va Semmi Devis, kichik da qatnashdi Vashingtonda ish va erkinlik uchun mart, a demonstration organized to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans. She had been photographed by the press in Los Angeles earlier in the month alongside Earta Kitt, Marlon Brando va Charlton Xeston as they planned their participation in the march on the nation's capital.

On September 16, 1963, Garland – along with daughter Liza, Kerolin Jons, Iyun Ellison, and Allyson's daughter Pam Powell – held a press conference to highlight and protest the recent bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church yilda Birmingem, Alabama, that resulted in the death of four young African American girls. They expressed their shock at the events and requested funds for the families of the victims. Pam Powell and Liza Minnelli both announced their intention to attend the funeral of the victims during the press conference.^[118][119]

Yakuniy yillar

In 1963, Garland sued Sidney Luft for divorce on the grounds of mental cruelty. She also asserted that he had repeatedly struck her while he was drinking and that he had even attempted to take their children from her by force.^[120] She had filed for divorce from Luft on several previous occasions, even as early as 1956, but they had reconciled each time.^[121]

Mickey Deans and Garland at their London wedding in March 1969, three months before her death

After her television series was canceled, Garland returned to work on the stage. She returned to the London Palladium performing with her 18-year-old daughter Liza Minnelli in November 1964. The concert was also shown on the British television network ITV and it was one of her final appearances at the venue. She made guest appearances on Ed Sallivan shousi va Tonight Show. Garland guest-hosted an episode of Gollivud saroyi bilan Vik Damone. She was invited back for a second episode in 1966 with Van Jonson as her guest. Problems with Garland's behavior ended her Gollivud saroyi guest appearances.^[122]

A 1964 tour of Australia was largely disastrous. Garland's first two concerts in Sydney were held in the Sidney stadioni because no concert hall could accommodate the overflow crowds who wanted to see her. Both went well and received positive reviews. Her third performance, in Melburn, started an hour late. The crowd of 7,000 was angered by her tardiness and believed that she was drunk; they booed and heckled her, and she fled the stage after 45 minutes.^[123] She later characterized the Melbourne crowd as "brutish".^[124] Garland's Melbourne appearance gained a negative press response.^[125]

Garland's tour promoter Mark Herron announced that they had married aboard a freighter off the coast of Hong Kong. However, she was not officially divorced from Luft at the time the ceremony was performed.^[126] The divorce became final on May 19, 1965,^[120] and she and Herron did not legally marry until November 14, 1965; they separated five months later.^[127] During their divorce, Garland testified that Herron had beaten her. Herron claimed that he "only hit her in self defense".^[128]

For much of her career throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, her husband Sidney Luft had been her manager. However, Garland eventually parted ways with Luft professionally, signing with agents Freddi Filds va Devid Begelman. By the fall of 1966, Garland had also parted ways with Fields and Begelman. Fields's and Begelman's mismanagement of Garland's money, as well as their embezzlement of much of her earnings resulted in her owing around $500,000 in total in personal debts and in debts to the IRS. The IRS placed soliq garovlari on her home in Brentvud, Los-Anjeles, her recording contract with Capitol Records, and any other business dealings in which she could derive an income.^[129]

Garland was left in a desperate situation which saw her sell her Brentwood home at a price far below its value. She was then cast in February 1967 in the role of Helen Lawson in Qo'g'irchoqlar vodiysi tomonidan 20th Century Fox.^[130] According to co-star Patty Dyuk, Garland was treated poorly by director Mark Robson to'plamida Qo'g'irchoqlar vodiysi and was primarily hired so as to augment publicity for the film.^[131] After Garland's dismissal from the film, author Jaklin Susann said in the 1967 television documentary Jacqueline Susann and the Valley of the Dolls, "I think Judy will always come back. She kids about making a lot of comebacks, but I think Judy has a kind of a thing where she has to get to the bottom of the rope and things have to get very, very rough for her. Then with an amazing inner strength that only comes of a certain genius, she comes back bigger than ever".^[132]

Returning to the stage, Garland made one of her last U.S. appearances at New York's Palace Theatre in July 1967, a 27-show stand, performing with her children Lorna and Joey Luft. She wore a sequined pantsuit on stage for this tour, which was part of the original wardrobe for her character in Qo'g'irchoqlar vodiysi.^[133] Garland earned more than $200,000 from her final run at New York's Palace Theatre from her 75% share of the profits generated by her engagement there. On closing night at the Palace, federal tax agents seized the majority of her earnings.^[134]

By early 1969, Garland's health had deteriorated. She performed in London at the Shahar haqida suhbat nightclub for a five-week run^[135] in which she was paid £2,500 per week,^[99] and made her last concert appearance in Kopengagen during March 1969.^[136] After her divorce from Herron had been finalized on February 11, she married her fifth and final husband, nightclub manager Mickey Deans, da "Chelsi" ning ro'yxatga olish idorasi, London, on March 15.^[137]

O'lim

On June 22, 1969, 12 days after her 47th birthday, Deans found Garland dead in the bathroom of their rented house in Cadogan Lane, Belgravia, London.^[7] Da tergov, Coroner Gavin Thurston stated that the cause of death was "an incautious self-overdosage "ning barbituratlar; her blood contained the equivalent of ten 1.5-don (97 mg) Ikkinchi kapsulalar.^[138] Thurston stressed that the overdose had been unintentional and no evidence suggested that she had died by o'z joniga qasd qilish. Garland's otopsi showed no inflammation of her stomach lining and no drug residue in her stomach, which indicated that the drug had been ingested over a long period of time, rather than in a single dose. Her death certificate stated that her death was "accidental".^[139] Supporting the accidental cause, Garland's physician noted that a prescription of 25 barbiturate pills was found by her bedside half-empty and another bottle of 100 barbiturate pills was still unopened.^[140]

A British specialist who had attended Garland's autopsy stated that she had nevertheless been living on borrowed time owing to siroz, although a second autopsy conducted later reported no evidence of alkogolizm or cirrhosis.^[141][142] U Oz sehrgar birgalikda yulduz Rey Bolger commented at her funeral, "She just plain wore out."^[143] Forensic pathologist Jason Payne-James believed that Garland had an ovqatlanish buzilishi (psychologist Linda Papadopulos asserted that it was likely bulimiya ), which contributed to her death.^[144]

After Garland's body had been embalmed, Deans travelled with her remains to New York City on June 26, where an estimated 20,000 people lined up to pay their respects at the Frank E. Kempbellning dafn marosimi cherkovi yilda Manxetten, which remained open all night long to accommodate the overflowing crowd. 27 iyun kuni Jeyms Meyson gave a eulogy at the funeral, an Episcopal service led by the Rev. Piter Delani ning Sent-Merilbone cherkov cherkovi, London, who had officiated at her marriage to Deans, three months earlier.^[145] "Judy's great gift", Mason said in his eulogy, "was that she could wring tears out of hearts of rock.... She gave so richly and so generously, that there was no currency in which to repay her."^[146] The public and press were barred. She was interred in a crypt in the community mausoleum at Fernkliff qabristoni yilda Xarsdeyl, Nyu-York, a small town 24 miles (39 km) north of Manxetten markazida.^[147]

Upon Garland's death, despite having earned millions during her career, her estate came to 40 000 AQSh dollari (equivalent to $278,875 in 2019). Years of mismanagement of her financial affairs by her representatives and staff along with her generosity toward her family and various causes resulted in her poor financial situation at the end of her life. In her last will, signed and sealed in early 1961, Garland made many generous bequests which could not be fulfilled because her estate had been in debt for many years. Uning qizi, Liza Minnelli, worked to pay off her mother's debts with the help of family friend Frank Sinatra.^[148] In 1978, a selection of Garland's personal items were auctioned off by her ex-husband Sidney Luft with the support of their daughter Lorna and their son Joe. Almost 500 items, ranging from copper cookware to musical arrangements, were offered for sale. The auction raised 250 000 AQSh dollari (equivalent to $979,974 in 2019) for her heirs.^[149]

At the request of her children, Garland's remains were disinterred from Ferncliff Cemetery in January 2017 and re-interred 2,800 miles (4,500 km) across the country at the Gollivudning abadiy qabristoni yilda Los Anjeles.^[150]

Badiiy mahorat

Garland possessed a qarama-qarshi vokal diapazoni.^{[151][152][153]} Her singing voice has been described as brassy,^[20] powerful, effortless and resonant,^[154] often demonstrating a tremulous,^[155] kuchli vibrato.^[156] Although her range was comparatively limited, Garland was capable of alternating between female and male-sounding tembrlar with little effort.^[157] The Richmond Times-Dispatch correspondent Tony Farrell wrote she possessed "a deep, velvety contralto voice that could turn on a dime to belt out the high notes",^[153] while Ron O'Brien, producer of tribute album The Definitive Collection – Judy Garland (2006), wrote the singer's combination of natural iboralar, elegant delivery, mature patos "and powerful dramatic dinamikasi she brings to ... songs make her [renditions] the definitive interpretations".^[158] Huffington Post writer Joan E. Dowlin called the period of Garland's music career between 1937 and 1945 the "innocent years", during which the critic believes the singer's "voice was vibrant and her musical expression exuberant", taking note of its resonance and distinct, "rich yet sweet" quality "that grabs you and pulls you in".^[158] Garland's voice would often vary to suit the song she was interpreting, ranging from soft, engaging and tender during ballads to humorous on some of her duets with other artists.^[158] Her more joyful, kamar performances have been compared to entertainers Sofi Taker, Ethel Merman va Al Jolson.^[157] Although her musical repertoire consisted largely of yozuvlar, kuylarni namoyish qilish va traditional pop standards,^[159] Garland was also capable of singing jon, ko'k va jaz musiqasi, which Dowlin compared to singer Elvis Presli.^[158]

Garland always claimed that her talent as a performer was inherited, saying: "Nobody ever taught me what to do onstage."^[160] Critics agree that, even when she debuted as a child,^[159] Garland had always sounded mature for her age,^[161] particularly on her earlier recordings.^[158] From an early age, Garland had been billed as "the little girl with the leather lungs",^[160] a designation the singer later admitted to having felt humiliated by because she would have much preferred to have been known to audiences as a "pretty" or "nice little girl".^[162] Jessel recalled that, even at only 12 years old, Garland's singing voice resembled that of "a woman with a heart that had been hurt".^[160] Kansas City Star contributor Robert Trussel cited Garland's singing voice among the reasons why her role in Oz sehrgar remains memorable, writing that although "She might have been made up and costumed to look like a little girl ... she didn't sing like one" due to her "powerful contralto command[ing] attention".^[154] Camille Paglia uchun yozish The New York Times, joked that even in Garland's adult life, "her petite frame literally throbbed with her huge voice", making it appear as though she were "at war with her own body".^[157] Theater actress and director Donna Thomason stated that Garland was an "effective" performer because she was capable of using her "singing voice [as] a natural extension of [her] speaking voice", a skill that Thomason believes all musical theater actors should at least strive to achieve.^[154] Trussel agreed that "Garland's singing voice sounded utterly natural. It never seemed forced or overly trained."^[154]

Yozish Tyorner klassik filmlari, biographer Jonathan Riggs observed that Garland had a tendency to imbue her vocals with a paradoksal combination of "fragility and resilience" that eventually became a signature trademark of hers.^[155] Louis Bayard of Washington Post described Garland's voice as "throbbing", believing it to be capable of "connect[ing] with [audiences] in a way no other voice does".^[163] Bayard also believes that listeners "find it hard to disentwine the sorrow in her voice from the sorrow that dogged her life",^[163] while Dowlin argued that, "Listening to Judy sing ... makes me forget all of the angst and suffering she must have endured."^[158] The New York Times obituarist in 1969 observed that Garland, whether intentionally or not, "brought with her ... all the well-publicized phantoms of her emotional breakdown, her career collapses and comebacks" on stage during later performances.^[20] The same writer said that Garland's voice changed and lost some of its quality as she aged, although she retained much of her personality.^[20] Ga hissa qo'shmoqda Irish mustaqil, Julia Molony observed Garland's voice, although "still rich with emotion", had finally begun to "creak with the weight of years of disappointment and hard-living" by the time she performed at Carnegie Hall in 1961.^[164] Similarly, the live record's entry in the Kongress kutubxonasi wrote that "while her voice was still strong, it had also gained a bit of heft and a bit of wear"; author Cary O'Dell believes Garland's rasp and "occasional quiver" only "upped the emotional quotient of many of her numbers", particularly on her signature songs "Over the Rainbow" and "The Man That Got Away".^[165] Garland stated that she always felt most safe and at home while performing onstage, regardless of the condition of her voice.^[166] Her musical talent has been commended by her peers; opera xonandasi Mariya Kallas once said that Garland possessed "the most superb voice she had ever heard", while singer and actor Bing Krosbi said that "no other singer could be compared to her" when Garland was rested.^[161]

Garland was known for interacting with her audiences during live performances; The New York Times obituarist wrote that Garland possessed "a seemingly unquenchable need for her audiences to respond with acclaim and affection. And often, they did, screaming, 'We love you, Judy – we love you.'"^[20] Garland herself explained in 1961: "A really great reception makes me feel like I have a great big warm heating pad all over me ... I truly have a great love for an audience, and I used to want to prove it to them by giving them blood. But I have a funny new thing now, a real determination to make people enjoy the show."^[167] The New York Times writer described her as both "an instinctive actress and comedienne". The anonymous contributor commented that Garland's performance style resembled that of "a musiqa zali performer in an era when music halls were obsolete".^[20] Close friends of Garland's insisted that she never truly wanted to be a movie star and would have much rather devoted her career entirely to singing and recording records.^[162] AllMusic biographer William Ruhlmann believes that Garland's ability to maintain a successful career as a recording artist even after her film appearances became less frequent was unusual for an artist at the time.^[159] Garland has been identified as a uch marta tahdid due to her ability to sing, act, and dance,^[168] arguably equally well.^[169] Doug Strassler, a critic for the Nyu-York Press, described Garland as a "triple threat" who "bounced between family musicals and adult dramas with a precision and a talent that remains largely unmatched".^[170] In terms of acting, Piter Lennon uchun yozish The Guardian in 1999, identified Garland as a "chameleon" due to her ability to alternate between comedic, musical and dramatic roles, citing Oz sehrgar, Soat, Yulduz tug'iladi va Men qo'shiq aytishni davom ettirishim mumkin edi – her final film role – as prominent examples.^[171] Maykl Musto, uchun jurnalist V magazine, wrote that in her film roles Garland "could project decency, vulnerability, and spunk like no other star, and she wrapped it up with a tremulously beautiful vocal delivery that could melt even the most hardened troll".^[172]

Diskografiya

Studiya albomlari

• The Judy Garland Souvenir Album (1940)
• Second Souvenir Album (1943)
• Miss shou-biznes (1955)
• Judi (1956)
• Yolg'iz (1957)
• Judy in Love (1958)
• Xat (1959)
• Bu ko'ngilochar! (1960)
• Garland Touch (1962)

Public image and reputation

Garland was nearly as famous for her personal struggles in everyday life as she was for her entertainment career.^[157] She has been closely associated with her carefully cultivated qo'shni qiz rasm.^[164] Early in her career during the 1930s, Garland's public image had earned her the title "America's favorite kid sister",^[160] as well as the title "Little Miss Showbusiness".^[173][174] Uchun sharhda Star Tribune, Graydon Royce wrote that Garland's public image remained that of "a Midwestern girl who couldn't believe where she was", despite having been a well-established celebrity for over 20 years.^[166] Royce believes that fans and audiences insisted on preserving their memory of Garland as Dorothy no matter how much she matured, calling her "a captive not of her own desire to stay young, but a captive of the public's desire to preserve her that way".^[166] Thus, the studio continued to cast Garland in roles that were significantly younger than her actual age.^[166]

According to Malony, Garland was one of Hollywood's hardest-working performers during the 1940s, which Malony claims she used as a engish mexanizmi after her first marriage imploded.^[164] However, studio employees recall that Garland had a tendency to be quite intense, headstrong and volatile;^[160] Judy Garland: The Secret Life of an American Legend muallif Devid Shipman claims that several individuals were frustrated by Garland's "narsisizm " and "growing instability", while millions of fans found her public demeanor and psixologik holat to be "fragile",^[173][164] appearing neurotic in interviews.^[166] MGM reports that Garland was consistently tardy and demonstrated erratic behavior, which resulted in several delays and disruptions to filming schedules until she was finally dismissed from the studio, which had deemed her unreliable and difficult to manage.^[164] Farrell called Garland "A grab bag of contradictions" which "has always been a feast for the American imagination", describing her public persona as "awkward yet direct, bashful yet brash".^[153] Describing the singer as "Tender and endearing yet savage and turbulent", Paglia wrote that Garland "cut a path of destruction through many lives. And out of that chaos, she made art of still-searing intensity."^[157] Calling her "a creature of extremes, greedy, sensual, and demanding, gluttonous for pleasure and pain",^[160] Paglia also compared Garland to entertainer Frank Sinatra due to their shared "emblematic personality ... into whom the mass audience projected its hopes and disappointments", while observing that she lacked Sinatra's survival skills.^[157]

Despite her success as a performer, Garland suffered from low self-esteem, particularly with regard to her weight, which she constantly dieted to maintain at the behest of the studio and Mayer;^{[160][164][172]} critics and historians believe this was a result of having been told that she was an "ugly duckling " by studio executives.^[158] Ko'ngilochar haftalik sharhlovchi Gen Lionlar observed that both audiences and fellow members of the entertainment industry "tended either to love her or to hate her".^[173] At one point, Stevie Phillips, who had worked as an agent for Garland for four years, described her client as "a demented, demanding, supremely talented drug-addict".^[164] Royce argues that Garland maintained "astonishing strength and courage", even during difficult times.^[166] Ingliz aktyori Dirk Bogarde once called Garland "the funniest woman I have ever met".^[163] Ruhlmann wrote that the singer's personal life "contrasted so starkly with the exuberance and innocence of her film roles".^[159]

Despite her personal struggles, Garland disagreed with the public's opinion that she was a tragic figure.^[166][171] Her younger daughter Lorna agreed that Garland "hated" being referred to as a tragic figure, explaining, "We all have tragedies in our lives, but that does not make us tragic. She was funny and she was warm and she was wonderfully gifted. She had great highs and great moments in her career. She also had great moments in her personal life. Yes, we lost her at 47 years old. That was tragic. But she was not a tragic figure."^[171] Ruhlmann argues that Garland actually used the public's opinion of her tragic image to her advantage towards the end of her career.^[159]

Meros

Mikki Runi watching Garland put her handprint into concrete at Graumanning Xitoy teatri, 1939

Star for recognition of film work at 1715 Vine Street ustida Gollivudning Shon-sharaf xiyoboni: She has another for recording at 6764 Gollivud bulvari.

By the time of her death in 1969, Garland had appeared in more than 35 films.^[20] She has been called one of the greats of entertainment, and her reputation has endured.^{[175][176][177][178]} In 1992, Gerald Clarke of Me'moriy Digest dubbed Garland "probably the greatest American entertainer of the twentieth century".^[161] O'Brien believes that "No one in the history of Hollywood ever packed the musical wallop that Garland did", explaining, "She had the biggest, most versatile voice in movies. Her Technicolor musicals... defined the genre. The songs she introduced were Oscar gold. Her film career frames the Golden Age of Hollywood musicals."^[158] Tyorner klassik filmlari dubbed Garland "history's most poignant voice".^[155] Ko'ngilochar haftalik's Gene Lyons dubbed Garland "the Madonna uning avlodi ".^[173] The Amerika kino instituti named her eighth among the Greatest female stars of Golden Age Hollywood cinema.^[179] In June 1998, in The New York Times, Camille Paglia wrote that, "Garland was a personality on the grand scale who makes our current crop of pop stars look lightweight and evanescent."^[157] In recent years, Garland's legacy has maintained fans of all different ages, both younger and older.^[171] 2010 yilda, Huffington Post contributor Joan E. Dowlin concluded that Garland possessed a distinct "it" quality by "exemplif[ying] the star quality of charisma, musical talent, natural acting ability, and, despite what the studio honchos said, good looks (even if they were the girl next door looks)".^[158] AllMusic 's biographer William Ruhlmann said that "the core of her significance as an artist remains her amazing voice and emotional commitment to her songs", and believes that "her career is sometimes viewed more as an object lesson in Hollywood excess than as the remarkable string of multimedia accomplishments it was".^[159] In 2012, Strassler described Garland as "more than an icon... Like Charli Chaplin va Lyussil to'pi, she created a template that the powers that be have forever been trying, with varied levels of success, to replicate."^[170]

Garland's live performances towards the end of her career are still remembered by fans who attended them as "peak moments in 20th-century music".^[160] She has been the subject of over thirty biographies since her death, including the well-received Me and My Shadows: A Family Memoir by her daughter, Lorna Luft, whose memoir was later adapted into the television miniseries Judi Garland bilan hayot: men va mening soyalarim, which won Emmy Awards for the two actresses who portrayed her (Tami Blanchard va Judi Devis ).^[180] Strassler observed that Garland "created one of the most storied cautionary tales in the industry, thanks to her the many excesses and insecurities that led to her early death by overdose".^[170]

Garland was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997.^[181] Several of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.^[182] Ular orasida "Kamalak ustida ", which was ranked as the number one movie song of all time in the American Film Institute's "100 Years...100 Songs" list. Four more Garland songs are featured on the list: "O'zingizni Rojdestvo bayrami bilan muborak qiling " (No. 76), "Baxtli bo'ling " (No. 61), "Trolley qo'shig'i " (No. 26), and "Yo'qolgan odam " (No. 11).^[183] She has twice been honored on U.S. postage stamps, in 1989 (as Dorothy)^[184] and again in 2006 (as Vicki Lester from Yulduz tug'iladi).^[185] While on tour in 1964, Garland identified "Over the Rainbow" as her favorite of all the songs she had ever recorded, to which Trussel observed that "Her career would remain inextricably linked".^[154] Garland would frequently use an overture from "Over the Rainbow" as her entrance music during concerts and television appearances.^[154] According to Paglia, the more Garland performed "Over the Rainbow", the more it "became her tragic anthem ... a dirge for artistic opportunities squandered, and for personal happiness permanently deferred".^[157] In 1998, Carnegie Hall hosted a two-concert tribute to Garland, which they promoted as "a tribute to the world's greatest entertainer".^[157]

Garland's work has influenced several entertainers including LeAnn Rimes,^[186] Kim Petras,^[187] Ariana Grande,^[188] Sem Smit, Ben Platt, Rufus Ueynrayt, Richard Glazier,^[189] Megan Foks,^[190] Janelle Mona,^[191] Marlee Matlin, Kler Deyns,^[192] Rene Zellweger^[193][194] va Anne Xetvey.^[195]

Subsequent celebrities who have suffered from personal struggles with drug addiction and substance use disorder have been compared to Garland, particularly Maykl Jekson.^[158] Garland's elder daughter Liza Minnelli had a personal life that was almost parallel to that of her mother's, having struggled with substance use disorder and several unsuccessful marriages.^[164] Paglia observed that actress Merilin Monro would exhibit behavior which was similar to that which Garland had exhibited a decade earlier in Men bilan Sent-Luisda tanishing, particularly tardiness.^[160]

2019 yil 25 iyunda, The New York Times jurnali listed Judy Garland among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 yong'in.^[196]

Gey belgisi

Garland had a large fan base in the geylar hamjamiyati and became a gay icon.^[197] Reasons given for her standing among gay men are the admiration of her ability as a performer, the way her personal struggles mirrored those of gay men in the United States during the height of her fame, and her value as a lager shakl.^[198] In the 1960s, a reporter asked how she felt about having a large gay following. She replied, "I couldn't care less. I sing to people!"^[199]

Badiiy adabiyotdagi obrazlar

Garland has been portrayed on television by Andrea Makartl yilda Kamalak (1978),^[200] Tami Blanchard (young Judy) and Judi Devis (older Judy) in Judi Garland bilan hayot: men va mening soyalarim (2001),^[201] va Sigrid Tornton yilda Peter Allen: Not The Boy Next Door (2015).^[202] Xarvi Vaynshteyn ixtiyoriy Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland, and a stage show and film based on it were slated to star Anne Xetvey.^[203] Rene Zellweger portrayed Garland in the biopic Judi (2019), and won the Eng yaxshi aktrisa uchun Oskar mukofoti.^[204]

On stage, Garland is a character in the musical Oz bolasi (1998), portrayed by Krissi amfletti in the original Australian production^[205] va tomonidan Isabel Keating on Broadway in 2003.^[206] Kamalakning oxiri (2005) featured Kerolin O'Konnor as Garland and Pol Goddard as Garland's pianist.^[207] Adrien Barbeo played Garland in The Property Known as Garland (2006)^[208] va Judi monologlari (2010) initially featured male actors reciting Garland's words before it was revamped as a one-woman show.^[209]

In music, Garland is referenced in the 1992 Tori Amos song "Happy Phantom", in which Garland is imagined to be taking Budda by the hand. Amos also refers to Garland as "Judy G" in her 1996 song "Not the Red Baron".

Shuningdek qarang

• Judi Garland diskografiyasi
• Judy Garland tomonidan yozilgan yozuvlar ro'yxati
• Judy Garland chiqishlari ro'yxati
• Judy Garland tomonidan olingan mukofotlar va sharaflar ro'yxati

Adabiyotlar

Bibliografiya

• Klark, Jerald (2001). Baxtli bo'ling: Judi Garlandning hayoti. Nyu-York: tasodifiy uy. ISBN  978-0-375-50378-8.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• DiOrio, Jr., Al (1973). Yo'qotilgan kichik qiz: Judi Garlandning hayoti va og'ir paytlari. Nyu-York: Manor kitoblari. ISBN  978-0-375-50378-8.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Edvards, Anne (1975). Judi Garland. Nyu York: Simon va Shuster. ISBN  978-0-671-80228-8.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Finch, Kristofer (1975). Kamalak: Judi Garlandning bo'ronli hayoti. Nyu York: Ballantinli kitoblar. ISBN  978-0-345-25173-2.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Frank, Gerold (1975). Judi. Nyu York: Harper va Row. ISBN  978-0-06-011337-7.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Juneau, Jeyms (1974). Judi Garland: Piramida tasvirlangan filmlar tarixi. Nyu York: Piramida nashrlari. ISBN  978-0-515-03482-0.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Luft, Lorna (1999). Men va mening soyalarim: oilaviy xotira. Nyu York: Simon va Shuster. ISBN  978-0-283-06320-6.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Petersen, Anne X. (2014). "10. Judy Garland: Xunuk o'rdak". Klassik Gollivud janjallari. Nyu-York: Plum (Pingvin). 157-78 betlar. ISBN  978-0142180679.
• Sanders, Koyn Stiven (1990). Rainbow's End: Judi Garland shousi. Nyu York: Zebra kitoblari. ISBN  978-0-8217-3708-8.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Dengizchi, Barbara (1996). Menga yoqimli: Jaklin Syuzanning hayoti. Nyu York: Etti hikoyalar. ISBN  978-0-9658770-6-0.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Shipman, Devid (1992). Judi Garland: Amerika afsonasining maxfiy hayoti. Nyu York: Hyperion. ISBN  978-0-7868-8026-3.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)
• Ueyn, Jeyn Ellen (2003). MGMning oltin qizlari. Nyu-York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN  978-0-7867-1303-5.CS1 maint: ref = harv (havola)

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Shtayger, Bred (1969). Judi Garland. London: Ace. p. 88. OCLC  2577482.

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