Garold Xaxt - Harold Hecht - Wikipedia

Garold Xaxt
Tug'ilgan
Garold Adolph Hecht

(1907-06-01)1907 yil 1-iyun
Yorkville, Nyu-York shahri, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari
O'ldi1985 yil 26 may(1985-05-26) (77 yosh)
Beverli-Xillz, Los-Anjeles, Qo'shma Shtatlar
Dam olish joyiPirs Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park qabristoni, Los-Anjeles, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari
34 ° 03′30 ″ N 118 ° 26′27 ″ V / 34.05845 ° N 118.44087 ° Vt / 34.05845; -118.44087
MillatiAmerika
Ta'limAmerika laboratoriya teatri
Kasb
Faol yillar1923–1985
Turmush o'rtoqlar
  • Gloriya Joys Buzzell (1947-1960 m; ajrashgan)
  • Martine Millner (1962-1974 yillarda tug'ilgan; ajrashgan)
Bolalar6
Qarindoshlar
Mukofotlar

Garold Xaxt (1907 yil 1-iyun - 1985-yil 26-may) - amerikalik kino prodyuser, raqs rejissyori va iste'dodlar agenti. U, shuningdek, kamroq tanilgan bo'lsa-da, adabiy agent, a teatr prodyuseri, a teatr direktori va Broadway aktyori. U a'zosi edi Kinofilmlar san'ati va fanlari akademiyasi va Ekran ishlab chiqaruvchilari gildiyasi.[1]

1930-yillarning o'rtalarida va o'rtalarida Gollivudda birinchi bo'lib yashagan paytida, Xekt kino sohasidagi etakchi raqs rejissyorlaridan biri bo'lgan. Birodarlar Marks, Mae West, Bing Krosbi, Kari Grant, W. C. Maydonlar, Gari Kuper, Moris Chevalier va Marion Devies.[2][3][4] 1947 yilda u Norma Productions-ga asos solgan, an mustaqil film ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniya, biznes sherigi va boshqariladigan aktyor bilan, Burt Lankaster.[5] 1954 yildan 1959 yilgacha katta studiya tizimi xarajatlar evaziga ("Kleopatra" xarajatlari 20th Century Fox Studios 1963ni yopib qo'yish bilan tahdid qilgan), Norma Productions sho'ba korxonalari, Hecht-Lancaster Productions va Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions, kashshoflar va Gollivudning eng muhim mustaqil ishlab chiqarish qismlaridan biri bo'lgan.[6][7][8] Hecht-Hill-Lancaster sherikligi tugaganidan so'ng, Gecht Gollivudning eng yaxshi mustaqil ishlab chiqaruvchilardan biri sifatida davom etdi va u bilan o'rtoqlashdi. Stenli Kramer va Birodarlar Mirish, keyingi o'n yil ichida.[9][10][11]

Da 28-chi Oskar mukofotlari marosimi 1956 yilda, Hecht qabul qildi Eng yaxshi film Oskar 1955 yil Xekt-Lankaster prodaktsion filmi uchun Marti. Uch yildan so'ng u yana nomzod qilib ko'rsatildi 31-chi Oskar mukofotlari 1958 yilda Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions filmi uchun marosim Alohida jadvallar.[12] Film g'olib chiqmadi, ammo Xekt buni qabul qildi Eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktrisa uchun Oskar o'rniga Vendi Xiller kim bo'lishi mumkin emas edi. Broadway o'yin versiyasi Alohida jadvallar, Hecht-Lancaster Productions tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Eng yaxshi o'yin mukofoti da 11-Toni mukofotlari marosim 1957 yil aprel oyida[13] 1959 yil noyabrda Xekt AQSh Prezidenti tomonidan saylandi Duayt Eyzenxauer qachon madaniy almashinuv dasturi qo'mitasiga Rossiyaga safari davomida hamrohlik qilish Marti tomonidan tanlangan SSSR Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan beri ushbu mamlakatda namoyish etilgan birinchi Amerika filmi sifatida.[14][15]

Xektning o'n to'rtta filmi (va u xoreograf bo'lgan qo'shimcha ikkita film) g'olib chiqdi va turli marosimlarda va kinofestivallarda bir nechta mukofot va sovrinlarga nomzod bo'ldi, shu jumladan; Oskar mukofotlari, Oltin globus mukofoti, British Academy Film mukofotlari, Bodil mukofotlari, Amerika direktorlari gildiyasi mukofoti, Amerika Yozuvchilar Gildiyasi mukofoti, Milliy mukofot kengashi mukofotlari, Nyu-York kino tanqidchilari doirasi mukofoti, Laurel mukofotlari, Devid di Donatello mukofoti, Bambi mukofoti va "Online Film & Television Association" mukofoti; va Kann kinofestivali, Venetsiya kinofestivali va Berlin xalqaro kinofestivali. Garold Xxt bilan bog'liq bo'lgan uchta film AQSh tomonidan "madaniy, tarixiy yoki estetik ahamiyatga ega" deb topilgan. Milliy filmlarni himoya qilish kengashi ichida saqlash uchun tanlangan Kongress kutubxonasi ' Milliy filmlar registri; Muvaffaqiyatning shirin hidi 1993 yilda, Marti 1994 yilda va U uni noto'g'ri qildi 1996 yilda.[16]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Garold Xaxt 1907 yil 1-iyunda tug'ilgan Yorkville, Nyu-York shahri, Jozef Xekt va Rouzga (ism-sharifi Loewy) Xekta.[17][18][19] Uning otasi 1882 yil 17-noyabrda Avstriyada tug'ilgan. O'n etti yoshida dengizchi sifatida ishlaganida, u 1899 yil yanvar oyida Nyu-Yorkka ko'chib ketgan. Bir marta Nyu-Yorkda u qurilishda ishlagan va oxir-oqibat uni qurilish pudratchisi lavozimiga etkazgan.[20][21] Uning onasi 1882 yil 18-yanvarda [Avstriya] da tug'ilgan.[22][23][24] Jozef va Rouz 1906 yilda Nyu-York shahrida turmush qurishgan va ikki farzand ko'rishgan; Garold (1907 yilda tug'ilgan) va Janet Xex (1910 yilda tug'ilgan), keyinchalik Janet Garfild, Uorren Garfildning onasi. film treyleri ishlab chiqaruvchi).[17]

U ishtirok etdi PS 169, 1923 yil bahorida o'n olti yoshida bitirgan.[25][26] Xecht tez-tez tashrif buyurganligi haqida xabar berilgan Union hisob-kitob uyi Sharqiy 104-chi ko'chada Sharqiy Harlem.[27]

O'qish va Broadway karerasi

Xekt o'z kasbini qidirayotgandek, u xohlagan sohasi yangi maktab uchun talabalar bilan suhbatlashish edi. 1923 yil noyabrda, Richard Boleslavskiy, rus muhojiri va sobiq talabasi Konstantin Stanislavskiy, ochildi Amerika laboratoriya teatri, Qo'shma Shtatlarda o'qitadigan birinchi maktab Stanislavskiyning aktyorlik tizimi.[28] 1923 yil oxirida Xekt yangi maktabga o'qishga qabul qilingan birinchi o'quvchilar qatorida edi.[28] U erda u o'qigan va o'ynagan Li Strasberg (keyinchalik Stanislavskiy tizimini olib, uni Amerikalashtirgan harakat qiluvchi usul tizim), Stella Adler, Garold Klurman, Anne Revere, Lenore Romni va Frensis Fergyusson.[28]

Xek Laboratoriyada a'lo darajada qatnashdi va yordamchi aktyorlik guruhiga qabul qilindi va unga maktabda ishlab chiqarilgan spektakllarda qatnashish imtiyozini berdi, shu bilan birga Boleslavskiyning ta'limoti ostida bitirishi kerak bo'lgan ikki yildan keyin qoldi.[28] Laboratoriyada qatnashayotganda Xekt paydo bo'ldi Somon shlyapa (Oktyabr-noyabr 1926), Katta ko'l (1927 yil aprel, bir hikoyadan Roli Lin Linz ), Hech narsa haqida juda ko'p narsa (1927 yil noyabr-dekabr), Doktor Knock (1928 yil fevral-mart), Grand Street Follies (1928 yil may-oktyabr, raqslari bilan sahnalashtirilgan Jeyms Keyni ) va Yovvoyi o'rdak (1928 yil noyabr - 1929 yil yanvar).[29][30][19][31][32][28][25][33]

Laboratoriya o'quvchilarining aksariyati maktab tomonidan sahnalashtirilgan va Xekte eng ko'p xoreografiya chizgan pesalarning qo'shimcha jihatlari ustida ishladilar. Shuningdek, u Boleslavskiy ostida "Laboratoriya" da va boshqa Broadway prodyuserlarida sahna yordamchisi sifatida ishlagan. 1929 yilda Boleslavskiy jo'nab ketdi Gollivud va Xek boshchiligidagi laboratoriyada qatnashishda davom etishdi Mariya Ouspenskaya va Mariya Germanova.[28]

1930 yil bahorida Amerika laboratoriya teatri yopilgandan so'ng, Xek 1931 yil oxirigacha Broadway-da raqqosa yoki xoreograf sifatida ishlashni davom ettirdi. Bu davrda u Mixail Mordkin, Marta Grem, Jorj Uayt va Albertina Rasch. U shuningdek ishlagan Les noces da Metropolitan Opera.[34][19]

Birinchi Gollivud karerasi

RKOda boshlangan

1931 yil oktyabrda Richard Boleslavskiy Xekni Gollivudga qo'shilishni taklif qildi, u rejissyorlik qilishi kerak bo'lgan loyihada raqs raqamlarini xoreografiya qilish uchun. RKO Radio Rasmlari.[35][36] Chi Chi va uning papasi, dastlab Armin Fridmann va Fritz Lunzerlar tomonidan 1924 yilda yozilgan nemis komedik pyesasi Sie und ihr Zimmerherrtomonidan ingliz tiliga tarjima qilingan edi Maks Shtayner bir kunda.[37][38][39] Shtayner, shuningdek, uchta original qo'shiq va filmni moslash uchun skor yaratgan, film prodyuseri esa Uilyam LeBaron, so'zlarini yozgan.[35][36] Xemfri Pirson qo'shimcha dialog uchun olib kelingan, ammo oxir-oqibat butun ssenariyni qayta yozgan.[35][38] Chi Chi va uning papasi aktrisa uchun asosiy vosita bo'lishi kerak edi Lili Damita, uning RKO-dagi uchinchi filmi.[35] Uning etakchi odam bo'lishi rejalashtirilgan edi Jon Uorberton, qarzga olingan Tulki filmlari, bilan Xyu Herbert qo'shiqni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi belgi sifatida.[40][41] Boshqa yordamchi rollar Jorj Frank uchun rejalashtirilgan edi, Mayda Sandford va Gertruda Astor.[42]

Xekt Nyu-York shahridan Gollivudga samolyotda 2-noyabr, dushanba kuni jo'nab ketdi, uning filmdagi pozitsiyasi allaqachon tasdiqlangan.[43] Bir marta Kaliforniyada u raqs raqamlari uchun zarur bo'lgan o'n ikki qiz va olti erkakni topish uchun 200 qiz va 150 erkak bilan suhbat o'tkazdi.[37] Xech yollandi Frensis Grant Larri Ceballosga Fanchon va Markoda yordam berishdan yangi, unga yangi tartibda yordam berish Chi Chi va uning papasi.[44] Ammo Xekt kelganidan bir hafta o'tgach, film to'xtatildi.[45] O'sha kuzning boshida RKO uni sotib olgan edi Pathé Exchange kinostudiyasi va bir qator muammolar kelib chiqdi.[46] Yangi studiya rahbari, Devid O. Selznik teng joylashtirilgan bilan to'qnashdi Charlz Rojers va shunga o'xshash bahslar prodyuser Uilyam LeBaron va sobiq vitse-prezident Jozef I. Shnitser o'rtasida davom etdi.[46] Faqatgina ekipaj lavozimlarini qisqartirish rejalashtirilgan (ikkala studiya bitta joyga birlashganligi sababli), balki ba'zi rasmlar ham bekor qilingan. Shartnoma doirasida, sotib olish paytida Pathening barcha 20 ta suratlari RKO studiyasida tayyorlanishi kerak edi.[46] Biroq, RKO ishlab chiqarish jadvalidagi 16 ta filmga bir xil xavfsizlik va turli sabablarga ko'ra berilmagan, Chi Chi va uning papasi o'chirib qo'yilgan oz sonli kishilardan biri edi.[46] LeBaron prodyuserlikdan oldingi to'rt hafta ichida allaqachon 100 ming dollar sarflagan edi, ammo Selznik ham, Shnitser ham film g'oyasini yoqtirmadilar va uni juda g'alati va Amerika didiga mos emas deb hisobladilar.[46]

Bir necha hafta o'tgach, Xekt Los-Anjelesdagi teatr biznesida ish topdi. LeRoy Prinz Edmunt Jozef va Nat Perrin hikoya Baxtli kun Rodney Pantages, Artur Silber va Garold Morehouse moliyaviy yordami bilan.[47] Prinz asl xoreograf bilan to'qnashgan edi, uning o'rniga Billi Grant va Xaxt kirib kelishdi.[48] Boshqa ekipaj a'zolari tarkibiga Earl Dancer qo'shig'ini musiqa bilan sahnalashtirgan Otis Rene va Leon Rene va so'zlari Ben Eilleon tomonidan.[47] Baxtli kun da ochilgan Maya teatri 27 dekabr kuni Aleks Lovejoy ishtirokidagi L.A.da, Eddi Anderson, Alma Travers, LeRoy Bromfild va Avrora Greli. O'yin nisbatan muvaffaqiyatli bo'lib, potentsial mulk sifatida RKO tomonidan qiziqish uyg'otdi.[47]

Paramount-da shartnoma bo'yicha xoreograf

1932 yil mart oyining o'rtalarida Xekt bir yillik shartnomani imzoladi va shartnoma bo'yicha xoreograf va raqs direktori bo'ldi Paramount rasmlari.[49] Uning do'sti bo'lganligi haqida hikoyalar mavjud Basbi Berkli unga Paramount-dagi kerakli odamlar bilan aloqada bo'lishga yordam bergan, bu erda ikkalasi birgalikda filmlarda ishlagani aytiladi.[50][51] Paramountda Gechtning birinchi vazifasi aka-uka Markslar kollejidagi ikkita raqs ansambliga rahbarlik qilish edi futbol komediya filmi Ot patlari.[52] Xekt boshqargan raqamlardan biri edi Men bunga qarshiman, bu erda sahna Groucho Marks, Quincy Adams Wagstaff o'ynab, birinchi navbatda Xaksli kollejining yangi direktori sifatida o'rnatildi. Xech Groucho ni 61 dan 77 yoshgacha bo'lgan, tabiiy ravishda o'sgan soqolli va kiyingan yigirma oqsoqol aktyorlari bilan birga o'qitdi. akademik xalatlar.[53] Paramount Pictures-dagi birinchi ma'lum vazifasi birodarlar Marks filmi bo'lganligini hisobga olsak, Xekt o'sha studiyaga o'zi bilan birga ishlagan Nat Perrin orqali yo'l topgan bo'lishi mumkin. Baxtli kun va Grouchoning yaqin do'sti va hamkori bo'lgan.[54] Xaxt qo'shimcha ravishda aka-uka aka-uka filmlarida ishlaganligi haqida xabar berilgan edi, ammo buni tasdiqlash uchun aniq nomlar paydo bo'lmadi (ya'ni: "Xek birodarlar Marksning filmlarida ishlagan", ko'plik shaklida).[55][25] Agar u birodarlar Marksning qo'shimcha filmlari ustida ishlagan bo'lsa, Gollivuddagi birinchi tashabbusi davomida qolgan yagona ishonchli filmlar O'rdak sho'rva Paramount-da 1933 yilda va Opera-da bir kecha da Metro-Goldvin-Mayer 1935 yilda.[56][57] To'liq tortishish sanalari O'rdak sho'rva aniqlanmagan, ammo 1933 yil yozida, Xextning Paramountdagi shartnomasi tugagandan so'ng suratga olinganligi ma'lum. Raqslar uchun ekran krediti berilmagan bo'lsa-da (hech qanday ekran krediti berilmagan bo'lsa ham) studiya Hechtga murojaat qilgan bo'lishi mumkin. Ot patlari yoki). Kelsak Opera-da bir kecha, u 1935 yilning yozida, Xech studiya bilan bog'liq bo'lgan davrda M-G-M studiyasida suratga olingan. Biroq, film Chester Xeylga xoreografiya uchun ekran krediti beradi. Xeyl yolg'iz ishlaganmi yoki Xektning filmda qandaydir ishtiroki bo'lganligi noma'lum.

Keyingi Ot patlari, Xech ishlagan Lady va Gent (sarlavha ostida ma'lum bo'lgan vaqtda Qiyinchilik), rejissor Stiven Roberts va bosh rollarda Jorj Bankroft va Vayn Gibson va Iblis va chuqur, rejissor Marion Gering va bosh rollarda Tallula Bankxed, Gari Kuper, Charlz Loton va Kari Grant.[58][59] 1932 yil iyun va iyul oylarida Xet Marion Devies filmi uchun Paramount-dan M-G-M-ga ijaraga berildi. Folly of Blondie (keyin sarlavha ostida tanilgan Yaxshi vaqt qiz). Film Devis tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan, u Xektni o'zi qidirgan va rejissyor bo'lgan Edmund Goulding, kim keyinchalik Xekt bilan birlashishi mumkin edi. Filmda ham rol ijro etgan Robert Montgomeri, Billi Dove va Jimmi Durante.[60]

Darhol keyin Baxtli kun, Xekt asar ustida ishlay boshladi Hullabaloo, bu bir necha oy davomida tayyorlandi.[61] Hecht uni birgalikda boshqargan Pol Jerar Smit va Gilmor Braun ishlab chiqarishining xoreografiyasi.[62] Ishlab chiqaruvchi tomonidan musiqa ijro etilgan Ralf Raynjer va so'zlari Don Xartman.[63] Hullabaloo 26 may kuni ochilgan Pasadena jamoat uyi va 19 iyungacha davom etdi Sterling Xollouey, Frank Atkinson, Leonard Sillman va uning singlisi Iyun Kerol.[63]

1932 yilning kuzida Xekt yana bir teatr spektakli ustida ishladi, uning qayta ko'rib chiqilgan va zamonaviylashtirilgan versiyasi Frants Lehar operettasi, Quvnoq beva. O'yin hozirgi kunga qadar olib kelingan J. Keirn Brennan Xektning raqs raqamlari va H. L. Heideckerning vokal raqamlari bilan.[64] Karl Xajos 30 kishilik orkestr va ijrochilar tarkibiga kiritilgan va boshqargan Gerbert Evans, Rut Gillette, Aleks Kallam, Florinne Makkini, Franklin Rekord, Roland Vudruf, Dayan Uorfild, Pol Sauter, Rolloe Diks, Uilyam Jefris, Xarold Rivz va Evelin Kanningem. Asar 14-noyabr, dushanba kuni Kaliforniyadagi Kolumbiya teatrida ochildi.[64]

1932 yil noyabr oyi oxirida Xekt bir qator Mae West loyihalarida qatnashdi va natijada ularning barchasi bitta rasm bilan yakunlandi.[65][66] O'sha yil boshida Paramount Mae West bilan shartnoma imzolagan edi va aktrisa o'zining birinchi rasmida olgan pastroq rolidan chiqib ketishni xohlagan edi, Tundan keyin tun. Undan keyin to'rtinchi hisob-kitob qilindi Jorj Raft, Konstans Kammings va Vayn Gibson. G'arb uning taniqli taqiqlangan o'yinini moslashtirish uchun ishlagan, Diamond Lil, dastlab film deb nomlangan Honky Tonk.[67] Ammo tsenzuralar e'tiroz bildirdilar va Paramount tezda ish olib borib, bir nechta sahnalarni o'zgartirdi va filmni qayta nomladi Diamond Lil va uni ishlab chiqarishga kiritishga yana urinib ko'rdi.[67] Tsenzuralar yana e'tiroz bildirdilar, Paramount yana ishiga qaytdi va tsenzurani aldanib, yangi filmni taqdim qilyapman deb umid qilib, loyihani qayta nomladi. Ruby Red.[68] Ammo tsenzuralar o'rtasida juda ko'p o'xshashliklar topilgan Ruby Red va Diamond Lil va ishlab chiqarishni butunlay to'sib qo'ydi. West va Paramount birlashishga qaror qildi Ruby Red yozish bosqichida boshqa G'arb filmiga, U uni noto'g'ri qildi, allaqachon ishga olingan aktyorlar va ekipajdan foydalangan holda Ruby Red. Ssenariyning ushbu so'nggi versiyasi uni ishlab chiqarishga aylantirdi.[69] Paramountda ishlash uchun RKOdan ketgan LeBaron prodyuseri Xekti ishlashga yolladi U uni noto'g'ri qildi u hali ham alohida shaxs bo'lganida Ruby Red. Hecht shuningdek, raqs tartiblari uchun yollangan Ruby Red.[70] Oxir oqibat, Xechtning barcha materiallari bitta filmga birlashtirilib, undan foydalanilgan U uni noto'g'ri qildi. Film rejissyori Louell Sherman va G'arbiy rolni ijro etgan Kari Grant, Ouen Mur va Nuh Beeri.[65][66] Hecht tomonidan intervyu berildi Kinofilmlar jurnali 1933 yilda Mae Westning ommaviy axborot vositalarida "jingalak ayollar yangi tendentsiya" haqidagi izohlariga javoban u o'zining foydasiga javob berdi; "Xavfli egri chiziqlar nafaqat oldinda, balki biz bilan ham. Hozirgi xor qizlari bir necha yil oldingi ko'rsatkichlarga qaraganda biroz yumaloq va egri bo'lishi kerak. Yupqa, bolalarcha raqamlarga ega qizlar albatta tashqarida."[71]

Mae West loyihalaridan so'ng, Xekt Gollivudning taniqli xoreograflaridan biriga aylandi va Paramount va boshqa studiyalarda talab katta edi.[3][2][4] 1933 yil yanvar oyida Paramount Xechni uchta kelgusi xususiyatlariga rejalashtirdi: Uyqudan oldin hikoya (sarlavha ostida ma'lum bo'lgan vaqtda Sevgi yo'li[72]), rejissor Norman Taurog va bosh rollarda Mauris Chevalier va Xelen o'n ikkita, Xalqaro uy, rejissor A. Edvard Sazerlend bosh rollarda W. C. Fields, Bela Lugosi va Jorj Berns va juda kutilgan blokbaster Kollej hazillari.[73][74] Kollej hazillariParamount kompaniyasining reklama bo'limi tomonidan "Uilyam LeBaron" ning yana bir prodyuseri "gaplashadigan rasmlar paydo bo'lgandan beri eng dabdabali musiqiy rasm" deb e'lon qilindi.[3] Film rejissyori Uesli Raggles va Bing Krosbi rolini ijro etdi, Richard Arlen, Meri Karlisl, Jek Oaki, Jorj Berns va Gracie Allen. Asosiy yulduzlar bilan ishlashdan tashqari, Xekt oltmishta xorin guruhi bo'lgan Ox-Road Co-Eds-ni bir nechta original musiqiy ketma-ketliklar uchun o'qitdi.[3] U Jek Oaki va Boris Petroff bilan birgalikda yangi raqs yaratish uchun Birodarlik Stomp, Oakie va Lorna Andre filmda ijro etgan.[75] Uyda o'rganish uchun odamlar uchun qadamlar va harakatlar tasvirlangan yangi raqs gazeta va jurnallarda yaxshi reklama qilingan.[76]

Keyinchalik Xekt direktor bilan ishlaganini aytdi Frank Tuttle Paramountda bo'lgan kunlarida.[26] Hech qanday dalil topilmagan bo'lsa-da, ehtimol u aytib o'tgan film bo'lishi mumkin Katta translyatsiya, Bing Krosbi rolida, Styuart Ervin, Leyla Xyams va Jorj Berns. Katta translyatsiya tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Benjamin Glazer, kim yozgan Uyqudan oldin hikoya, va u ham ishlagan Ralf Ringerning musiqasini namoyish etdi Uyqudan oldin hikoya va Xalqaro uy, shuningdek Xxtning o'yini, Hullaballoo.

RKOga kreditlar

Hechtning Paramount shartnomasi tugashidan sal oldin, prodyuser Lou Brok RKO uni raqs raqamlarini musiqiy asarga yo'naltirish uchun qarz oldi Melody Cruise (o'sha paytda nom ostida bilaman Qiz kruiz).[77][78] Xekt 36 yoshdagi qizlar qatorini o'z ichiga olgan raqamni yig'di Mark Sandrich bosh rollarni ijro etgan film Charli Ragls va Fil Xarris.[77] Biroq, ikki hafta ishlagandan so'ng Qiz kruiz, Paramount uni RKO ishlab chiqarish kechiktirilganligi va Gechtning Paramountning o'zi ishlashini da'vo qilganini esladi. Xalqaro uy ustuvor vazifa edi.[79] Deyv Guld Xektin RKO filmidagi ishlarini o'z zimmasiga oldi va raqs tartiblari uchun ekran kreditlarini oldi.[80][79]

1933 yil aprelda Xet Paramount shartnomasidan ozod bo'lganidan so'ng, RKO uni yana yolladi, bu safar raqs raqamlarini yo'naltirish uchun Atirgullar to'shagi, rejissyorlik qilgan film Gregori La Kava yulduzcha Konstans Bennet, Djoel Makkrea, Pert Kelton va John Halliday.[81] Ushbu rasm uchun Xekt ikki yuz qizni raqslarga o'rgatdi va eng yaxshi to'qqiztasini filmda suratga olish uchun tanladi. Da bo'lib o'tgan bitta raqam Yangi Orlean Mardi Gras filmdagi karnaval, rasmni targ'ib qilishda yordam berish uchun yo'lda olingan, qizlar uni sahnada ijro etishgan.[82]

Ayni paytda Xekt 25-iyulda boshlanadigan bir hafta davom etadigan "Yulduzlar ostidagi simfoniyalar" uchun yangi spektaklini qo'ydi. Osmono‘par binolar 29-iyul, shanba kuni ochilgan Gollivud kubogi yuzdan ortiq raqqosalar tarkibiga.[83][84] Xekt o'yinni boshqargan va raqslarni dastlab bastakor bo'lgan musiqa ostida ijro etgan John Alden Carpenter. Xekt sahnada, chiroqlarda va niqoblar ustida ishlagan Blanding Sloan va kostyumlar dizayneri Kay Otteson yordamida sakkizta sahna baletini qayta ishladi. Richard Lert, eri Vikki Baum, orkestrni boshqargan.[85][86]

Warner Brothers, Fox va Universal kompaniyalarida freelancing

1933 yil oktyabrda Xektga raqs raqamlarini yo'naltirish imkoniyatlari taqdim etildi Warner Brothers, Universal rasmlar, Fox Films va Columbia Pictures qisqa vaqt ichida.[87][88][89] Xech birinchi bo'lib xoreografiya qilish uchun Warner Bros.ga bordi Vitafon Texnik rang tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan ikki silindrli qisqa Gordon Xollingshead.[89] Marokash kechalari tomonidan boshqarilgan Edvard Klayn va yulduzcha Fuzzy Knight, Sherli Ross va kelajakdagi Hecht mijozi Frensis McDonald. Marokash kechalari dastlab Warner's-ga kiritilishi kerak edi Broadway Brevities lekin hech qachon qo'shilmagan.[89]

1934 yilda oshkor qilinmagan Kolumbiya filmini suratga olish uchun rejalashtirilgan (agar ushbu reja bajarilgan bo'lsa, u aniqlanmagan), Xek 1933 yil oktyabrda Universalda ishlashni rejalashtirgan. Stenli Bergerman kuni Menga bu yoqadi.[87] Film rejissyori Garri Lakman va yulduzcha Gloriya Styuart va Rojer Prayor. Ammo ishlab chiqarishni boshlashdan biroz oldin Menga bu yoqadi Noyabr oyida Xekt o'rniga ishlashga ketishni tanladi Buddy DeSylva film Pastki qism Foxda.[88] Katta ishlab chiqarish rejissyorlik qilgan Devid Butler va yulduzcha Spenser Treysi va Pat Paterson musiqa va so'zlari bilan Gus Kan.[90] Xektning rasmdagi raqamlari tanqidchilar tomonidan maqtandi.[90]

1934 yilning yanvarida Hechtga Universal yana murojaat qildi, bu safar Jozibasi tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan film B. F. Zeydman, rejissor Uilyam Uayler va bosh rollarni Konstans Kammings va Pol Lukas.[91][92] May oyida unga Stenli Bergerman yana bir Rojer Prayor filmi uchun murojaat qildi, Yomg'irdagi romantik. Bu safar Xekt rejissyorlik qilgan filmdagi raqslarni taqdim etdi Styuart Uoker.[93][94]

M-G-M filmidagi rejissyorlik

Xaxt Edmond Goulding filmida ishlagani aytiladi Gollivud partiyasi (sarlavha ostida ma'lum bo'lgan vaqtda Yulduzli banket) 1934 yil mart oyida Metro-Goldvin-Mayerda, ammo buni tasdiqlash uchun rasmiy kredit yuzaga kelmagan.[51] 1934 yilning kuzida Gecht sarlavha ostida o'zi boshqarishi kerak bo'lgan bir qator shimlar ustida ish boshladi Goonies.[95] Qisqa shimlar kollej o'quvchilari tomonidan rasmiy varaqalarni rasmiylashtirishda yo'l qo'ygan xatolari va shu sababli ularni "gooni" qilishlariga asoslanishi kerak edi. 1934 yilning dekabrida ushbu shortiklarni tayyorlash uchun tashkil qilingan Gechtning yangi ishlab chiqarish birligi Goonies Inc.[95] Biroq, Goonies noma'lum sabablarga ko'ra hech qachon shortilar ishlab chiqarilmadi.

1935 yil yanvar oyida Xekt va uning do'sti Iosif Bern Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer-da qisqa vaqt ichida o'zlarining Technicolor-ni (uchta chiziqli jarayondan foydalangan holda) yo'naltirishga ruxsat berildi. Ranglar jarayoni o'sha paytlarda ham yangilik deb hisoblanar edi, bu yangi rejissyor uchun juda saxiy bitimni tuzdi.[96] Çingene kechasi (ishchi nom ostida tanilgan Lo'lilar qo'shig'i) tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Garri Rapf Richard Goldstouning hikoyasidan.[96] Qisqa film mart va aprel oylari davomida suratga olingan. Kinematografiya va yoritish orqali Xekt va Bern "har bir sahnada musiqa kayfiyatini eng samarali bajaradigan alohida ranglarni ta'kidladilar", bu tushuncha. Disney Yarim o'n yil o'tgach, biroz qayta yaratildi Fantaziya.[97]

Qisqa rus lo'lilarining hayotining romantik nuqtai nazariga asoslangan bo'lib, Xektning raqslari va musiqasi Berton-Leyn va Xarold Adamson. Aktyorlar tarkibida Meri Jo Metyus ishtirok etdi, Perri Askam, Jozef Mario va Iliya Xmara. Çingene kechasi 1935 yil 24-may, juma kuni Nyu-York shahridagi Kapitoliy teatrida ochilgan.[98] Ba'zilar uni avangard deb hisoblashgan, ammo uning badiiy jihati bo'yicha odatda maqtovga sazovor bo'lgan.[99][100]

Keyinchalik Xekt Gollivuddan ketishiga tez sur'atlar bilan, doimiy ravishda rivojlanib boruvchi musiqiy rasmlar biznesida ishning etishmasligi sabab bo'lgan deb da'vo qildi.[26] U 1931 yilda kelganida uning raqs uslubi tetiklantirar edi. Ammo 1935 yilga kelib ular boshqa xoreograflar tomonidan moslashtirilib ishlatilgan va barcha yirik studiyalarda yaxshi ishlatilgan.[26]

Nyu-York va Broadway o'yinlariga qaytish

Erta Garold Hecht ishlab chiqarish Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt da Adelfi teatri, 1939. Aida Makkenzi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan.

1935 yil noyabrda, tark etganidan to'rt yil o'tib, Xekt Nyu-Yorkka qaytib keldi va Yozgi mehmonxonada ish boshladi.[101][102][26] Keyin u tomonidan yollangan Teatr gildiyasi va Leonard Lourens Atlas o'yinida rejissyor yordamchisi va sahna menejerining yordamchisi sifatida ishlagan Ammo Xudoning marhamati uchun 1936 yilda.[26] Asar muallifi Sidney Harmon va rejissyor Benno Shnayder.[103] Hext asarning asl sahna menejeri bo'lmagan va faqat Shnayderning talablari bilan kirib kelgan.[104] Ammo Xudoning marhamati uchun 1937 yil 12-yanvarda ochilgan va qirq ikkita spektakl uchun yugurgan.[103]

Aynan shu vaqt ichida Hext Kommunistik partiyaning a'zosi bo'lib, unga obuna bo'ldi Daily Worker va 4-chi avenyu va Nyu-Yorkdagi Kommunistik partiyaning shtab-kvartirasida tanlangan yig'ilishlarga qatnashish Amerika ishchilar alyansi. Shuningdek, u haftasiga besh soat o'qidi, mehnat darslari, siyosiy iqtisod, dolzarb voqealar va ko'tarilish kabi darslarda qatnashdi Marksizm va Leninizm.[26] U partiyaga umuman qiziqqan bo'lsa ham, u hech qachon sadoqatli kommunist bo'lmagan va yuqori lavozim yoki lavozimlarga intilmagan.[26]

1937 yilda u ishga joylashdi Federal teatr loyihasi va musiqiy revu ishlab chiqarish uchun mas'ul bo'lgan Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt. Asarni yig'ish, qo'shiqlar, so'zlar, eskizlarni tuzish, yozuvchilarni izlash va aktyorlar tarkibini yollash, kostyumlar dizayni, raqslar xoreografiyasi va boshqa asarlarni to'plash uchun Xekt ikki yil vaqt talab qildi.[26] Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt turli millat, millat, diniy va siyosiy e'tiqodga ega bo'lgan murakkab aktyorlar ishtirok etdi va Xekt aktyorlar yoki ekipaj a'zolarini yollashda hech qanday kamsitishni ko'rsatmadi. Mashg'ulotlardan biri paytida, 1938 yil 30 mayda, ulardan biri Afroamerikalik aktyorlar aktyorlari aktyorning etakchi ayollaridan biri, Vena aktrisasi Salli Sonders bilan uchrashish uchun murojaat qilishdi.[105] Aktrisani shunchalik haqorat qilishganki, u odamni ishdan bo'shatishni so'rab, Xechga shoshildi. Xek unga javoban "Sally, men senga hayronman. U ham biz kabi hayotga, erkinlikka va baxt-saodatga intilishga haqli" deb javob berib, qora tanlilar huquqlarini himoya qildi.[106] Sonders Xektning irqiy tenglikni tasdiqlashidan dahshatga tushdi va o'sha yilning avgustida unga qarshi, Federal Teatr, Amerika Ishchilar Ittifoqi va butun prodyuserga qarshi guvohlik berdi. Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt Vashingtonda bo'lib o'tgan antikommunistik tinglovda.[106] Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt oxir-oqibat 15 martda yoki 24 aprelda (sana muhokama qilinadi) 1939 yilda Adelphi teatrida ochilgan.[107][o'z-o'zini nashr etgan manba ][108] Bu juda muvaffaqiyatli bo'lib, qirq to'rtta spektaklni namoyish qildi va 30 iyun kuni yopildi.[108][26] Spektakldan keyin Federal Teatrdagi ishi yangilanmasligini his qilgan Xekt 1939 yil iyul yoki avgust oylarida Nyu-Yorkni tark etdi.[26]

Gollivudga ikkinchi safar

Adabiy agent sifatida yangi martaba

1939 yil iyul yoki avgust oylarida Xekt Gollivudga qaytib keldi va ish topishda qiynaldi. U o'sha paytda yozuvchi bilan yashar edi Roland Kibbi va ikkalasi yaxshi do'st bo'lishdi. Keyinchalik Kibbi o'z ishlab chiqarish kompaniyalari uchun yozuvchi sifatida Xekt va Lankaster bilan hamkorlik qildi va Lancasterning Xekt-Xill-Lankaster ishlab chiqarishlaridan keyingi Norlan Productions korxonasining teng huquqli sherigiga aylandi. 1939 yil oxirida, bir necha oylik ishsizlikdan so'ng, Xech Nat Goldstounga Goldstone agentligi uchun iste'dodlar agenti sifatida yollandi.[26] Dastlab Goldstone Agentligi aktyorlar bilan muomala qilgan va ular uchun tashkil etilgan Xekt a adabiy bo'lim, avval yangi bo'linmaning rahbari bo'lib, keyin kompaniyaning sherigi lavozimiga ko'tarildi.[25] U Goldstone agentligida ikki yil ishladi va oxir-oqibat o'ttiz oltita yozuvchiga xizmat qildi.[26] Xekt bu yozuvchilardan birini Jorj Uillnerni yordamchisi qilib yollagan.[104] Keyinchalik Uillner o'zining adabiy agentligini tuzdi.

Ikkinchi jahon urushi xizmati

Xech ro'yxatga olingan Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari armiyasining havo korpusi Ikkinchi Jahon urushini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun 1942 yil 29 avgustda.[109] Uning armiyasining seriya raqami 19126700. U martabaga ko'tarilgan xodim serjant va maxsus xizmatlarga, ko'ngil ochish bo'limiga joylashtirilgan.[19] U harbiy xizmatchilar uchun kunning eng katta yulduzlarining shaxsiy chiqishlari bilan jonli shoular tayyorladi: qo'shiq muallifi Jonni Merser, vokalist Frensis Langford, Bing Krosbi, Bob Xop va shaxsiy do'sti, aktyor Jon Garfild. Xaxt 1945 yil 3-sentabrda sharafli ravishda ozod qilindi.[26]

Xekt-Rants agentligining tashkil topishi

Ikkinchi Jahon urushidagi xizmatidan so'ng Xekt Gollivudga o'zining iste'dodlar agentligini boshqarishni rejalashtirgan holda qaytib keldi. 1945 yilning kuzida u Hecht-Rantz agentligi do'sti va Goldstone agentligining sobiq xodimi Lui Rants bilan.[19] Rants, shuningdek, 1930-yillarning o'rtalarida Gollivudda, asosan sherik prodyuser sifatida ishlagan Metropolitan rasmlari, Jorj A. Xirliman Productions va B.F. Zeidman Productions.[110] Xech va Rantz o'zlarining ofislarini 324 South Beverly Drive-da, Beverli Xillz, Kaliforniya.[111]

1945 yil noyabr oyining oxirlarida Nyu-Yorkda shou-tomoshalar paytida Lillian Shari, Dor Shari Uning singlisi Xektga yangi Broadway o'yinini tomosha qilishni taklif qildi Litsey teatri.[19] Ov ovozi Bir necha hafta oldin Broadway-dan tashqarida ochilgan, yangi aktyor Burt Lankasterni namoyish qilayotgan edi. Xek darhol Lankasterning ijroidan hayratga tushdi. Keyinchalik u o'sha kecha haqida «Burt Lankasterni ko'rganimda Ov ovozi Broadwayda (1945 yilda) men unga ega ekanligini bilar edim. Qanday qilib uni sog'inishingiz mumkinligini bilmayman. U shunchalik hukmron edi, hayotdan ancha kattaroq edi ".[112] 8 dekabrda bo'lib o'tgan yigirma uchta spektakldan so'ng Xekt o'yinni yopilishidan oldin yana bir necha bor ishtirok etdi.[113][19] Deyarli barcha yirik Gollivud studiyalari Lancasterga takliflar bilan kelishni boshlaganda, uning do'sti va o'yinda hamrohi, Sem Levene, tashkil etilgan sahna va kino aktyori, uni namoyish etishni taklif qildi.[114] Ular birgalikda restoranlarga taklif qilindi, Devid O. Selznikning takliflarini eshitib, 20-asr-tulki va Hal B. Uollis, Paramount Pictures-da kim bilan bitim tuzgan.[115][114]

O'yinning so'nggi kechasida Xekt Lankasterga tanishtirilgan vaqt haqida hikoyalar. Aktyor katta agentliklar unga murojaat qilganini aytdi. Xech unga: "Agar siz katta agentlik bilan imzolasangiz, sizga ish haqi oladigan va yigirma noma'lum ish topadigan kichik agent tayinlanadi", dedi. Xekt halollikni tanladi. "Men barchani taniyman, lekin mening bir nechta mijozlarim bor. Agar siz men bilan imzolagan bo'lsangiz, siz mening ro'yxatimning yuqori qismida bo'lar edingiz va men ovqatlanishim kerak edi, shunda ham ishlashingizni davom ettirishim kerak edi".[114] Lankaster Xekt bilan shartnoma imzoladi va ular restoranda bayram qilish uchun tashqariga chiqishdi. U erda Xaxt shunday dedi: "Bilasizmi, men agent bo'lishni juda yoqtirmayman. Men rasmlar chiqarishni xohlayman". Lankaster unga ham shuni xohlashini aytdi, bu esa Xaxtning taniqli: "Men bilan keling va besh yildan keyin biz buni uddalay olamiz" degan tanqidiga sabab bo'ldi. Haqiqiy vaqt 19 oy edi.

Xektning muzokaralari natijasida Lankaster etti yillik shartnomani imzoladi, eng uzoq muddat studiyada o'sha paytda aktyorni shartnoma asosida saqlashga ruxsat berildi, bunda Hal B. Uollisning "Paramount" tomonidan moliyalashtirilgan mustaqil prodyuser kompaniyasi "Hal Wallis Productions". Eksklyuziv shartnoma Lancasterga yiliga tashqi, mustaqil rasm uchun imkoniyat yaratib, agentga / aktyor xonasiga yillik filmni ishlab chiqarish imkoniyatini berib, dastlab ushbu banddan foydalanilishiga hech qachon ishonmagan deb o'ylardi.[115][116] Bir necha oydan so'ng, 1946 yil aprel oyida Xekt va Lankaster Nyu-York shahridagi Barbizon-Plaza mehmonxonasining barida o'tirar edilar, Lancaster filmni suratga olish uchun ketguncha so'nggi ichimlikni ichishgan. Qotillar uchun Mark Hellinger Productions.[116] Lankaster Gollivudda qanday filmlarni tomosha qilayotganidan xavotirda edi, Xek unga hazilomuz "Xo'sh, Burt, agar u erga kirgan narsalaring yoqmasa, biz shunchaki o'z filmlarimizni ishlab chiqaramiz. Bu bitta yo'l. siz xohlagan narsangizga erishishingizga ishonchingiz komil! ".[116] 1940-yillar davomida har bir aktyor, prodyuser va rejissyor o'z prodyuserlik kompaniyasini yaratishni xohlar edi, ammo ozchilik uni shartnoma majburiyatlari tufayli bajara oldi. O'zlari ishlab chiqarishga kirishishga muvaffaq bo'lgan bir necha kishi, aksariyat hollarda ta'sir o'tkazish uchun etarlicha uzoq umr ko'rmaydilar va kamdan-kam hollarda bir nechta filmlarni suratga olishadi.

Rants va Xekt ham aktrisalarni boshqargan Edit Barret, Frensis Rafferti va Karen Morley va aktyorlar Rim Bohen va Fil Braun 1945 va 1946 yillarda.[111] 1946 yilda kompaniya tarqatib yuborildi va Rants Lui Rants agentligini tuzdi.

Gollivuddagi farovonlik

Harold Hecht Productions

1946 yilda Hecht o'zining "Harold Hecht Productions" kompaniyasini tashkil qildi va o'zining yangi ofisini Gollivuddagi "Sunset Boulevard West" 8747 da tashkil qildi. Yangi ism u va Lankaster bajarishga umid qilgan narsalarni aks ettirdi; filmlar ishlab chiqarish. Biroq, Garold Hecht Productions-da agentlik bo'limi mavjud edi va u Xekt-Rantz agentligi bilan shartnomada bo'lgan ko'plab aktyorlar va yozuvchilarni saqlab qoldi. Xekt aktyorlar kabi yangi iste'dodlarga imzo chekdi Art Smit va Frensis McDonald va yozuvchilar Valter Bernshteyn, Roland Kibbi va Meta Rozenberg.[117][118][26] Shu vaqt ichida Xekt ofitser bo'ldi Irving Mills ' musiqiy nashr kompaniyasi, Mills Music Inc., ammo u erda uning ishi haqida kam narsa ma'lum.[119] 1947 yilga kelib, Garold Hecht Productions iste'dodlar agentligi sifatida juda yaxshi ishladi va Xekt boshqa Gollivud agentliklaridan xodimlarni yollashni boshladi. 1947 yil may oyida E. Genri Lyuis Oltin tosh agentligidan chiqib, Garold Xekt Prodaktsionning adabiy xodimlariga rahbarlik qildi.[120]

Norma Productions va Halburt Productions

Asosiy maqolalar: Norma Productions va Halburt mahsulotlari

1947 yil yozida Gecht Burt Lankaster bilan birgalikda Norma Productions-ni tashkil qildi, u kompaniyani ikkinchi rafiqasi Norma Anderson sharafiga nomladi. Ular Universal bilan shartnoma tuzdilar.Xalqaro, u uchun Lankaster allaqachon qilgan edi Qotillar va Qo'pol kuch, ikkalasi uchun ham Mark Hellinger Productions. Hecht va Lancasterning birinchi ishlab chiqarilishi Mening qo'llarimdagi qonni o'p, a film noir ingliz muallifiga asoslangan Jerald Butler eng ko'p sotilgan roman. Filmda Lancaster, Joan Fonteyn va Robert Nyuton va tomonidan boshqarilgan Norman Foster, bilan mashhur Janob Moto bosh rollarni ijro etgan jinoyatlar seriyasi Piter Lorre, tomonidan soundtrack bilan Miklos Rozsa, ta'kidlangan film noir bastakori. Mening qo'llarimdagi qonni o'p, Norma Productions va Harold Hecht Productions orqali birgalikda ishlab chiqarilgan, 1948 yil oxirida o'rtacha muvaffaqiyatga erishish uchun chiqarilgan. Buning ortidan Xek keyingi o'n yil davomida faqat Norma Productions orqali ishladi.

1949 yil boshida Norma Productions kompaniyasi uch rasmli bitim tuzdi Warner Brothers Pictures, hammasi Hecht tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan va Lancaster yulduzi uchun. Birinchi rasm edi Olov va o'q, Technicolor chayqovchi rejissor Jak Turne. Katta byudjetli filmda o'sha paytdagi Warner Brothers partiyasining eng katta nomlari, shu jumladan Virjiniya Mayo (yangi Oq issiqlik ) etakchi xonim va Maks Shtayner sifatida (mashhur Kasablanka va Shamol bilan ketdim ) soundtrack yaratish uchun kim yollangan. Olov va o'q 1950 yil yozida chiqarilgan va yilning eng yaxshi daromad keltiruvchilaridan biriga aylanib, ikkita nominatsiyani qo'lga kiritgan 23-chi Oskar mukofotlari 1951 yil mart oyida bo'lib o'tgan marosim; biri uchun Eng yaxshi dramatik yoki komediya partiyasi (Maks Shtayner), boshqasi uchun Eng yaxshi rangli kinematografiya (Ernest Haller ).

Hechtning Warner Brothers uchun navbatdagi mahsuloti bo'ldi Qip-qizil qaroqchi, boshqa bir Technicolor swashbuckler Lancaster va Nik Kravat, bolaligidan beri yaqin do'sti va ilgari akrobat Lankaster bilan tsirkda ishlagan (u ham birga rol ijro etgan) Olov va o'q). Bu tomonidan boshqarilgan Robert Siodmak, Roland Kibbee tomonidan yozilgan va tomonidan erta ko'rinishga ega bo'lgan Kristofer Li. Qip-qizil qaroqchi butunlay uzoq joylarda, filmni suratga olish bilan qilingan Iskiya, orol tashqarisidagi orol Neapol ko'rfazi, Italiya va Teddington studiyalari Angliyada. 1952 yilning kuzida chiqarilib, Warner Brothers kompaniyasining eng yaxshi daromad keltiruvchisi bo'ldi. Bir necha yil o'tgach, Xekt davomini ishlab chiqishga urindi, Jolli Rojer: Qip-qizil qaroqchining o'g'li, ammo bu film hech qachon suratga olinmagan.

Warner Brothers-dagi shartnomasini yakunlashdan oldin, Hecht va Lancaster Norma Productions sho'ba korxonasi - Halburt Productions orqali Columbia Pictures bilan ikki rasmli shartnoma imzoladilar. Kolumbiya mo''tadil byudjetli ikkita filmi Columbia Studios-da ketma-ket suratga olingan va Xekt, Lankaster va Robert Aldrich, u Hechtning studiyasida prodyuserning yordamchisi bo'lgan. Halburt Productionsning birinchi filmi, O'n bo'yli erkak (1951 yil oxirida chiqarilgan) yana bir Technicolor edi sarguzasht siltash haqida Frantsiya chet el legioni davomida Rif urushi yilda Marokash. U yozgan va boshqargan Uillis Goldbek, Roland Kibbei va Lancaster rolini ijro etgan, Jodi Lourans va Gilbert Roland. Shuningdek, unda aktyor aktyorlarining esda qolarli qismlari namoyish etildi Jorj Tobias, Nik Dennis, Mayk Mazurki va Robert Klari. Ammo haqiqiy burilish nuqtasi Kolumbiya Xekt va Lankasterga o'zining birinchi filmini suratga olishda Lankaster rolisiz suratga olishga ruxsat berganida edi. Birinchi marta (1952 yil boshida chiqarilgan) rejissyor tomonidan tayyorlangan komediya filmi edi Frank Tashlin yulduzcha Robert Cummings va Barbara Xeyl, tomonidan yozilgan qisqa hikoya asosida Ugo Butler va Jan Rouverol birinchi marta ota-onalar sifatida.

Hechtning so'nggi Warner Brothers majburiyati shu edi Janobi Oliylari O'Kif, 1952 yil o'rtalarida suratga olingan, ammo faqat 1954 yil boshlarida chiqarilgan. Janobi Oliylari O'Kif Technicolor-da masofadan turib tortishish uchun yana bir katta byudjet ajratildi. Bu safar ekipaj tomon yo'l oldi Viti Levu ichida Fidji Respublikasi, bu erda ishlab chiqarish xarajatlari osmonga ko'tarildi. Film rejissyori Bayron Xaskin va yulduzli Lankaster, Joan Rays va André Morell. Bu gol urildi Dimitri Tiomkin va Xekt va Lankaster yozuvchi bilan birinchi marta hamkorlik qilgan Jeyms Xill keyinchalik kompaniyaning sherigiga aylangan. 1952 yil dekabrda Xekt kino san'at va fan akademiyasiga qo'shildi.[121]

Uyning Amerikadagi faoliyati bo'yicha qo'mitasi guvohligi

Garold Xxtning ismi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari faoliyati qo'mitasi tomonidan Martin Berkli 1951 yil 19 sentyabrda.[26] Xektning ismi ko'tarilgan paytda u Italiyada Norma Productions-da ishlagan. Qip-qizil qaroqchi Warner Brothers uchun va uning guvohligi uchun chaqiruv varaqasi faqat ikki yil o'tgach olingan.[26] 1953 yil 23 martda Xek uning advokati Edvard Bennett Uilyams tomonidan vakili bo'lgan Vakillar Palatasining Amerikadagi faoliyat qo'mitasi oldida paydo bo'ldi. Xekt va Lankaster Norma Productions va Halburt Productions orqali hamkorlik qilgan ko'plab yozuvchilar, aktyorlar va rejissyorlar taniqli yoki shubhali kommunistlar deb nomlanishgan va Qo'mita voqeaning tomonini eshitishni juda xohlagan. Xech har qanday masalada Qo'mita bilan hamkorlik qildi, o'tmishidan uyalmadi va uning ushbu tashkilotga mansubligi bilan bog'liq barcha savollariga javob berdi. Kommunistik partiya.[26] Xaxt bir paytlar Kommunistik partiyaning a'zosi bo'lganligini tan oldi, ammo Qo'mitaga u endi bunday ruhiy holatga ega emasligini ma'lum qildi.[26] Qo'mita bilan hamkorlik qilganligi va o'tmishdagi taniqli kommunistlarning ko'rsatmalari tufayli Xekt qora ro'yxatga kiritilmagan va Gollivuddagi muvaffaqiyatli prodyuser lavozimini davom ettirishga ruxsat berilgan.

Hecht-Lancaster Productions

Asosiy maqola: Hecht-Lancaster Productions

In the summer of 1953 Hecht co-founded another Norma Productions subsidiary, Hecht-Lancaster Productions, with Burt Lancaster and signed a two-picture deal with Birlashgan rassomlar (the deal would be renegotiated and extended several times over the next few years). Their first production for UA was Apache (released in the summer of 1954), a g'arbiy told from the perspective of a Tug'ma amerikalik Apache. It starred Lancaster and Jan Peters with a feature role by Jon MakIntir va erta ko'rinish Charlz Bronson (credited under his real name, Charles Buchinsky). Robert Aldrich was hired as director and Jeyms R. Uebb wrote the script from an original novel by Pol Uellman. Apache was another box office success for the company and despite the controversy that both leading actors had striking blue eyes, the film met with the approval of Native Americans, who were consulted at private screenings prior to the opening dates.

Apache tomonidan ta'qib qilindi Vera Kruz, another western, based on the Meksika inqilobi. This was another top-budget Technicolor picture and one of the earliest films to use the keng ekran format, using the SuperScope process. Hecht's production company traveled to Mexico and filmed entirely on location, including scenes at the famous Chapultepec qal'asi. Robert Aldrich and James R. Webb returned as director and writer with Roland Kibbee coming in to help with the script. It starred Lancaster and Gary Cooper with featured roles by Denis Darsel, Sara Montiel, Sezar Romero, Jorj Macready, Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson (again credited as Charles Buchinsky), Jek Elam va Jek Lambert. Vera Kruz became Norma Productions' top grosser and one of UA's best box office success, earning over $11 million and boosting Hecht and Lancaster to the top as Hollywood's most prominent independent producers, a position they would keep for five years. Vera Kruz was later considered as one of the potential TV shows that Hecht-Lancaster Productions was to produce and they hired a young western TV writer, Sem Pekkinpa, to write a teleplay. But the pilot was never produced.

Keyin Vera Kruz, Hecht-Lancaster Productions delivered three more successful box office films financed by UA. One of the best remembered films of the 1950s, Marti was originally a television episode on Philco Television Playhouse. Teleplay muallifi Peddi Chayefskiy va rejissyor Delbert Mann. Hecht hired both of them to develop the story into a movie and approached Ernest Borgnine, who had never been given a starring role in a film, to play the lead. Jin Kelli xotini, Betsi Bler, won the role of the love interest, bringing her out of the HUAC blacklist. Marti was produced as a low-budget film, shot mostly on location in New York City, with a bank roll of a little over $250,000 (with an additional $100,000 for advertising and publicity).

When the film was released in the spring of 1955, and was paired with a major promotional plan, it became another top-grosser. The film won numerous awards including the Academy Award for Best Picture (Harold Hecht), the Eng yaxshi rejissyor uchun Oskar mukofoti (Delbert Mann), the "Oskar" mukofoti asosiy rolning eng yaxshi aktyori (Ernest Borgnine), the Academy Award for Best Writing, Adapted Screenplay (Paddy Chayefsky), the "Oltin globus" mukofoti "Eng yaxshi aktyor" - Kino-dramaturgiya, the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor, the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress, the Eng yaxshi Amerika filmi uchun Bodil mukofoti, Palma d'Or award at the Cannes Film Festival (the first film to technically win the Palme d'Or, as the top prize had recently changed title, and also the first film to win by unanimous votes), the Cannes Film Festival OCIC Award, the Amerika rejissyorlar gildiyasi kinofilmlardagi ajoyib rejissyorlik yutug'i uchun mukofot, Eng yaxshi film uchun Milliy sharh mukofoti, the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor, the National Board of Review Award for Top Ten Films, the Nyu-York kino tanqidchilari doirasi eng yaxshi film uchun mukofot, Nyu-York kino tanqidchilari doirasi eng yaxshi aktyor uchun mukofot, the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama. Shuningdek, u nomzod edi Ikkinchi darajadagi eng yaxshi aktyor uchun Oskar mukofoti, the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role, the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black-and-White, the Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White va BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source.

Hecht's Best Picture Oscar statue was presented to him by Audrey Xepbern. His acceptance speech is among the most memorable and most quoted; "It's very fortunate to live in a country where any man, no matter how humble his origins, can become a president, and to be part of an industry where any picture, no matter how low its budget, can win an Oscar. All of us who worked on Marti are especially fortunate for this great honor, for to us, from the very beginning, it was a labor of love. Thank you". In November 1959 Marti was the first American film to be screened in the USSR following World War II. It was personally selected by Russian politicians as part of a Soviet-American cultural exchange program, and Hecht was asked by Prezident Eyzenxauer to travel to Russia for the screening of the film. 1994 yilda Marti was selected by the National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.[122] Marti was also one of the many films considered by Hecht-Lancaster Productions to be made into a television show. An original pilot was made with Shecky Greene in the late 1950s and later (unrelated to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions) with Tom Bosli. Neither were sold to the networks.

Hecht-Lancaster Productions' second film to be released in 1955 was Kentukiyalik, another large-budget adventure film shot in Technicolor using the CinemaScope widescreen technology on location in the Kentukki tog'lar. ssenariysi tomonidan yozilgan Pulitser mukofoti - yutuq muallifi Kichik A. B. Gutri from Felix Holt's novel The Gabriel Horn and was Burt Lancaster's official directorial debut. Guthrie had already famously adapted Sheyn in 1952 and his novel, Katta osmon, was made into a successful Western by Xovard Xoks o'sha yili. Hecht and Lancaster hired famed composer Bernard Herrmann for the soundtrack, already renowned at the time for his work with Orson Uells. Herrmann is now best remembered as a close collaborator of Alfred Xitkok, composing the soundtracks to Psixologiya, Vertigo va Shimoliy-g'arbiy tomonidan shimoliy. In addition to starring Lancaster, Kentukiyalik taniqli Dianne Foster, Diana Lin, John McIntire and was the film debut of Valter Matthau, who played the heavy. As part of its publicity, Hecht hired artist Tomas Xart Benton to paint a life-sized portrait of Lancaster and Donald MacDonald (in character), posing with their dog Faro. The painting, also known as Kentukiyalik, has been exhibited at a number of museums over the years and is currently part of Los-Anjeles County San'at muzeyi doimiy to'plam.[123] The film competed at the Venice Film Festival for its top prize, the Oltin sher mukofoti.

The last film released under the Hecht-Lancaster Productions banner (prior to changing the company's name) was the massively budgeted sirk film Trapez. Also filmed in Technicolor with CinemaScope lenses, the film starred Lancaster, Toni Kurtis va italyancha jinsiy belgi Gina Lollobrigida. The script went through a number of writers including Jeyms Jons (Bu erdan abadiyatga ), Ernest Lehman, Ben Xech, James R. Webb, Bo'ri Mankovits va Liam O'Brayen. Trapez was shot in Paris, France with locations such as the indoor arena D'Hiver sirkasi, with recently ritsar direktor Sir Carol Reed. The film is noted for having the largest promotional allowance of the times, with a reported $2 million for publicity. It paid off and was the third best box office earner of the year. Many of its premieres featured local circus performers who were hired to parade through the streets. Though it failed to make an impact at the Academy Awards, it won several awards including the Bambi Award for Best Actress – International, the Berlin International Film Festival Silver Berlin Bear Award for Best Actor, the Berlin International Film Festival Bronze Berlin Bear Award for Audience Poll and a nomination for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures.

On June 12, 1956, Hecht joined the Screen Producers Guild as their 150th member.[124] That year he also returned to Broadway to bring English dramaturg Terens Rattigan xit shou Alohida jadvallar to the American stage, with plans to turn it into a film for Hecht-Lancaster Productions. The Broadway production opened on October 25, 1956 and was highly successful, running for 332 performances at the Musiqa qutisi theatre and closing on September 28, 1957.[125] Asar rejissyorlik qilgan Piter Glenvill va yulduzcha Margaret Leyton, Erik Portman, Donald Xarron, Beril Measor, Filis Nilson-Terri, Xelena Kerol va May Hallatt. U etti nomzodga nomzod bo'lgan Toni mukofotlari at the 11th ceremony in April 1957, winning one for Margaret Leighton as Eng yaxshi aktrisa. The other nominations included Best Play (The Producers Theatre and Hecht-Lancaster Productions), Eng yaxshi aktyor (Eric Portman), Best Featured Actor (William Podmore), two for Eng yaxshi taniqli aktrisa (Beryl Measor and Phyllis Neilson-Terry) and Eng yaxshi yo'nalish (Peter Glenville).

Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions

Asosiy maqola: Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions

In 1956 Burt Lancaster announced that writer James Hill was made an equal partner in the company. The new name officially came into effect at the beginning of 1957, with Hecht-Lancaster Productions being updated to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions. The first film released under the new name was Bakalavrlar partiyasi (released in the spring of 1957), another Paddy Chayefsky dramatic televidenie adapted for the screen with hopes to recreate the success of Marti. Delbert Mann was hired again as director with Aleks Shimoliy soundtrack yaratish. Filmda rol ijro etgan E. G. Marshall, Don Myurrey va Jek Warden with a notable featured part for actress Kerolin Jons who later portrayed Morticia Addams teleseriallarda Addams oilasi. Carolyn Jones played the role of a beatnik at a party and made a considerable impact with viewers. Bakalavrlar partiyasi yutdi a Milliy ko'rib chiqish kengashi mukofoti and was nominated for the Palme d'Or Award at the Cannes Film Festival, the BAFTA Award for Best Film from any Source and the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (for Carolyn Jones).

One of today's best remembered film from Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions is Muvaffaqiyatning shirin hidi, released in late 1957. Though it was a flop at the box office when first released, it has since grown to become one of the most iconic films of the 1950s and has been referenced as a major influence for critically acclaimed directors, including Barri Levinson (who made references to it in his films Kechki ovqat va Yomg'ir odam ) va Martin Skorseze. The New York City-based (and filmed) drama represented Hecht and Lancaster's return to the film noir genre since their first picture, Mening qo'llarimdagi qonni o'p. It starred Lancaster and Tony Curtis (who also co-produced the film through his production company Curtleigh Productions ) from a screenplay by Ernest Lehman and Klifford Odets (who was at the time under contract to Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions). Direktor Aleksandr Makendrik was hired with top cinematographer Jeyms Vong Xou va bastakor Elmer Bernshteyn (fresh from working on Otto Preminger "s Oltin qo'lli odam ) wrote a memorable soundtrack. The film won the Bambi Award for Best International Actor and was nominated at the British Academy Film Awards for the Best Foreign Actor, the Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Dramatic Performance and the Golden Laurel Award for Top Female Supporting Performance. In 1993 it was selected by the National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.[122] Shuningdek, u paydo bo'ldi Rojer Ebert 's "Great Movies" list and was added to the Online Film & Television Association Hall of Fame. Shuningdek, u ozod qilindi DVD va Blu ray tomonidan Criterion to'plami. In 2002 it was made into a Broadway musical by Marvin Xemlisch, Kreyg Karneliya va Jon Guare.

In early 1958 Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions released Silent, Deep Run, a qora va oq dengiz osti kemasi war film based on the best-selling novel by highly decorated US Navy officer Edvard L. Plaj kichik.. Rejissor Robert Hikmat, u yulduz edi Klark Geybl and Burt Lancaster with featured roles by Nick Cravat, Jack Warden and Don Riklz (in the comedian's film debut). Always hiring top personnel, the script was written by Jon Gey va musiqa muallifi Frants Vaksman. Kinematograf Rassel Xarlan was nominated for a Golden Laurel Award for his work on the film.

Ning film versiyasi Alohida jadvallar (released in late 1958) was another major winner at the awards ceremony. The film was adapted for the screen by Terence Rattigan, John Gay and Jon Maykl Xeys and reunited Delbert Mann for a third turn directing for Hecht. Alohida jadvallar featured an all-star cast with Devid Niven, Rita Xeyvort, Debora Kerr, Burt Lancaster, Wendy Hiller, Gladis Kuper va Rod Teylor (several years before his best-remembered role in Qushlar ). Dastlab film rejissyor sifatida o'rnatilgandi Lorens Olivier, who was to play Lancaster's role, with his wife, Vivien Ley, in place of Hayworth. This film earned Hecht his second Academy Awards nomination for Best Picture. The film won several awards including the Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role (David Niven), the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Wendy Hiller, which Hecht accepted in her place as she could not be present), the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, the Devid di Donatello mukofoti eng yaxshi chet el aktrisasi uchun, the Golden Laurel Award for Top Male Dramatic Performance, the National Board of Review Award for Top Ten Films, the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and the Sant Xordi mukofoti "Eng yaxshi chet el aktyori" uchun. Shuningdek, u nomzod edi "Oskar" mukofoti asosiy rolning eng yaxshi aktrisasi, the Academy Award for Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium, the Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black-and-White, the Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture, the "Oltin globus" mukofoti eng yaxshi kinofilm - Drama, "Oltin globus" mukofoti "Eng yaxshi aktrisa" - Kino-dramaturgiya, "Oltin globus" mukofoti eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktrisa uchun, "Oltin globus" mukofoti eng yaxshi rejissyor uchun, the Golden Laurel Award for Top Female Dramatic Performance, the Golden Laurel Award for Top Female Supporting Performance, the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film, the Nyu-York kino tanqidchilari doirasi eng yaxshi ssenariy uchun mukofot and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written American Drama. That year producer James Hill and star Rita Hayworth were married.

Two limited-budget productions followed Alohida jadvallar: Quyon tuzog'i va Qattiq yig'lang, both released in 1959. Quyon tuzog'i was anticipated as another box office winner, as with Marti, based on a teleplay by JP Miller who adapted his story for the film. Britaniyalik kinorejissyor Filipp Likok was brought over for the Ernest Borgnine starrer, with Don Rickles in a featured role. But the film only made an impact at the Lokarno xalqaro kinofestivali where Borgnine won the award for Best Actor. Qattiq yig'lang was initially set to be a big-budget picture starring Tony Curtis (also to be co-produced by his independent production company), but it eventually starred Jon Sakson o'rniga. Televizion direktor Pol Stenli made his film directorial debut and the movie was topped by one of the first "Jazz Samba" soundtracks, composed by guitarist Laurindo Almeyda.

One of Hecht's most coveted film rights purchases came when he procured Iblisning shogirdi dan Nobel mukofoti - g'olib Jorj Bernard Shou ko'chmas mulk. Set in Colonial America, the story tells of the Amerika inqilobiy urushi. Initially planned for a 1956 production, the film was to star Lancaster, Montgomeri Clift and Laurence Olivier, with Olivier also directing. But Lancaster decided he didn't want to be directed by another actor. Plans were delayed and Clift's part was recast with Kirk Duglas and Olivier dropped out from directing. Instead, Alexander Mackendrick was hired as director, but he was later fired shortly after filming began. Mackendrick was replaced by future Jeyms Bond direktor Gay Xemilton. The film was partly shot at the famous Ealing studiyalari in England, from a script by Roland Kibbee and Jon Dighton. It also earned a BAFTA Award nomination for Best British Actor (for Olivier). Esa Iblisning shogirdi was shooting in England, Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions was simultaneously producing O'n ettinchi qo'g'irchoqning yozi Avstraliyada. Film asosida suratga olingan Rey Lawler 's successful dramatic play about sugarcane cutters in Australia, but was greatly re-written and Americanized by screenwriter John Dighton. Bu tomonidan boshqarilgan Lesli Norman and starred Ernest Borgnine (his final collaboration with Hecht and Lancaster), Anne Baxter, Angela Lansbury va Jon Mills. The film was released in Australia in late 1959 but was only released in the US in late 1961, under the title Ehtiros fasli.

A long-time supporter of racial equality, Hecht then made Gigant qadam, a yoshga to'lgan drama film dealing with the realities of irqchilik Amerika maktablarida. Hecht hired pop singer Johnny Nash (later immortalized by his 1972, No.1 hit single Men hozir aniq ko'rayapman ) to play the lead with Philip Leacock directing. Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions was hoping to make an impact in the film industry, while African American civil rights leaders like Martin Lyuter King kichik were protesting in the streets with the same message. But the film was plagued by delays and resistance from United Artists who initially refused to finance it (it was advanced in full by Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions from their other films' profits), then refused to release it, and who finally shelved it after a limited distribution. Still, the film won the Silver Sail Award at the Locarno International Film Festival in Italy and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress, the Golden Globe Award for Best Film Promoting International Understanding and the BAFTA United Nations Award.

Kechirilmagan was the last film shot during Hecht-Hill-Lancaster's status as a working and successful unit and was released in the spring of 1960, by which time the company had dissolved (prior to their limited comeback a year later). The western, filmed using the Panavision Technicolor widescreen lenses on location in Durango, Mexico, dealt with racial intolerance towards Native Americans. The film was filled with star names including director Jon Xuston, former blacklisted writer Ben Maddov (who adapted the screenplay from a novel by Alan Le May ), and actors Lancaster, John Saxon, Charlz Bikford, Audi Merfi (who replaced Tony Curtis after he dropped out), Albert Salmi va Jozef Wiseman and actresses Audrey Hepburn and Lillian Gish. Production was delayed for months when Hepburn fell off a horse and injured her back.

Music industry venture

Asosiy maqolalar: Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music va Calyork Music

In July 1956, Hecht, his brother-in-law Loring Buzzell (brother of Hecht's first wife Gloria) and Lancaster formed two music publishing firms; Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music (copyrighting exclusively through ASCAP ) va Calyork Music (copyrighting exclusively through BMI ).[126] The purpose of the new venture (a subsidiary of the Hecht and Lancaster Companies/Norma Productions) was to publish and copyright songs from their films' soundtracks and license them to record labels for release in the booming business of vinyls for the home market. The compositions published through Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music and Calyork Music have been released through Columbia Records, Warner Bros. Records, MGM Records, ABC-Paramount Records, Capitol Records, London rekordlari, Birlashgan Artists Records, Decca Records, Mercury Records, RCA Victor Records, Yubiley yozuvlari, Coral Records, Top reyting yozuvlari, Sana yozuvlari, Kapp Records, Apollon yozuvlari, Maine Records and Cabot Records.

Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music and Calyork Music also published songs from non-film related composers, who in turn had their work adapted and recorded by musicians and gained royalties. One notable non-movie hit that Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell had was the McGuire opa-singillari ning versiyasi Mayli which peaked to No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 list in January 1959 and became the second best-selling sheet music in the US.[127][128][129] Some of the notable soundtracks published through Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music and Calyrok Music include Trapez, Muvaffaqiyatning shirin hidi, Qattiq yig'lang va Kechirilmagan. The soundtrack to Sweet Smell of Success was quite notable and critically important as it was the first film to feature two completely different soundtracks released on LP; one with Elmer Bernstein's score, the other with Chiko Xemilton jazz guruhi.[130][131]

Plans after Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions

When Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions announced a hiatus (which eventually led to their breakup) in the spring of 1959, Hecht was approached with two offers. The first was for a major executive position at Paramount Pictures as Production Chief, replacing Yosh Frank Freeman.[132] But Hecht had enjoyed the freedom of being an independent producer for twelve years and was reluctant to deal with a major Hollywood studio's problems. He had also been offered a similar position at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer two years earlier and hadn't accepted it for the same reasons. He turned down Paramount's offer and the position was eventually filled by Jack Karp.[133]

The second proposal interested him much more. Ishlab chiqaruvchi Alan J. Pakula film huquqlarini sotib olgan edi Elliott Arnold 's action novel, Ashiyadan parvoz, and approached Hecht to co-produce it.[134][135] Hecht and Lancaster had previously purchased the screen rights to one of Arnold's Western books, Qon birodar, and came very close to turning it into a picture (it was eventually made as Singan o'q bilan Jeyms Styuart ). Pakula commissioned Arnold to adapt Ashiyadan parvoz into a screenplay while Hecht approached such stars as Klark Geybl, Ronald Reygan va Seshanba payvandlash etakchilar uchun.[134][136] But that summer Hecht became involved with other film projects that soon took on priority and it would be four years before Ashiyadan parvoz was filmed, with a different script and an all-new cast including Yul Brynner.

On top of promoting a backlog of Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions films that were coming out in 1959–1960 (Quyon tuzog'i, Qattiq yig'lang, O'n ettinchi qo'g'irchoqning yozi, Iblisning shogirdi, Gigant qadam va Kechirilmagan), Hecht was busy planning future United Artists-financed films from the H-H-L unit (including G'arb yo'li ). He also formed a new film production company with Canadian actor Glenn Ford. Their first film together was to be Evan Hunter roman, A Matter of Conviction, concerning members of a Harlem street gang tried for murder (later released as Yosh vahshiylar ).[132][137] Glenn Ford had already starred in another Hunter adaptation, Qora taxta o'rmoni; the film was nominated for four Oscars. Hecht was hoping that the new combo would be as successful and hired more top Hollywood personnel to work on Yosh vahshiylar; John Gay to write the screenplay and Robert Rossen rahbarlik qilmoq.[138] But by the end of the year, Glenn Ford had left the project and in early 1960 Rossen dropped out to focus on his future Oscar-nominated film, Xustler.

Many of the projects that Hecht worked on between 1959 and 1964 shifted back and forth between independent solo productions and Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions ventures. Because of a financial deficit owed to United Artists when Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions decided to call it quits in 1959, the three partners were obligated to make a number of films for the studio in an attempt to recoup the costs. Some of the films were to be as individuals, others were required to be under the Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions banner.[138] In that manner, Yosh vahshiylar became a Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions film when Burt Lancaster was cast in the lead, replacing Glenn Ford, in early 1960.

Alkatraz qushi film poster. Norma Productions, 1962

With Lancaster in the picture, Yosh vahshiylar headed in a new direction. Hecht hired J.P. Miller, who had worked on Quyon tuzog'i and had since been nominated for an Emmi mukofoti va Edvard Anxalt, a two-time Academy Award nominee who had won a Best Screenplay Oscar for the 1951 film Ko'chalarda vahima, skriptni qayta yozish uchun. Meanwhile, Lancaster approached respected young television director Jon Frankenxaymer who had already done a low-budget picture, Yosh musofir, a few years prior but Yosh vahshiylar has since been considered by most as his true film debut. Lancaster and Frankenheimer would make a total of five films together. In turn, Frankenheimer hired another television acquaintance, the promising young actor Sidney Pollack, as a dialogue coach for the teenage hoodlums who needed an authentic New York City accents. Yosh vahshiylar was partly filmed on location in New York City with three-time Academy Award nominated cinematographer Lionel Lindon. Lindon had won an Oscar in 1957 for his work on Sakson kun ichida dunyo bo'ylab. Aktyorlar ishtirok etdi Shelli Uinters, who had just won an Oscar for Anne Frankning kundaligi, Edvard Endryus, kim qilgan edi Elmer Gantri with Lancaster and Dina Merrill, kim tugatgan edi Bleyk Edvards ' Petticoat operatsiyasi with Cary Grant and Tony Curtis. Telli Savalas made his film debut playing the role of a tough cop, not unlike his future TV character in Kojak. Yosh vahshiylar was released in the spring of 1961 through United Artists, but unfortunately was not the success that Hecht had anticipated.

Immediately after filming wrapped on Yosh vahshiylar, Hecht and Lancaster started filming their next project. Alkatraz qushi was once again financed by United Artists, as part of the recoup deal. The biopik was a romanticized depiction of Robert Stroud, a life-sentenced murderer who taught himself ornithology while confined in prison, and who became an authority on bird medicine. Stroud authored a series of books on the subject and gained enough recognition that a biography of his life was accounted by Tomas E. Gaddis. Gaddis' novel was first optioned by Twentieth Century-Fox in the late 1950s but the project was strongly opposed by the prison system which did not want to dignify the public's perception of the criminal. In 1960 Hecht and Lancaster purchased the film rights and hired Guy Trosper, an Academy Award nominee, to write the screenplay. Filming began on location in San Francisco in the summer of 1960, with British director Charlz Krixton. But due to disagreements with Lancaster, Crichton was fired after a mere week of shooting. Hecht and Lancaster approached Frankenheimer to take over as director. No fewer that four film editors were hired and then fired. The rough cut ran four hours. Finally, when shooting wrapped, Lancaster personally supervised the editing. The result was an acclaimed and Academy-nominated performance for his acting.

Two top cinematographers were hired to work on Alkatraz qushi; Burnett Gffi, who had won an Oscar in 1954 for his work on Bu erdan abadiyatga and had been nominated in 1957 for Ular qanchalik qiyin tushsa va Jon Alton Lancaster bilan ishlagan Elmer Gantri lekin eng mashhur "noir" filmi bilan tanilgan edi, Katta kombinatsiya. Lancaster boshchiligida, qolgan aktyorlar ishtirok etdi Karl Malden, ikki marta Oskar nomzodi, bir marta Istak deb nomlangan tramvay, boshqasi uchun Sohil bo'yida, Thelma Ritter, "Oskar" ning besh karra nomzodi, Telli Savalas, Nevil brendi, Edmond O'Brayen, uchun Oskar g'olibi Yalangoyoq Contessa Lankasterning birinchi filmida paydo bo'lgan, Qotillar 1946 yilda, Xyu Marlou kim paydo bo'lgan Elmer Gantri va Whit Bissell Ikki boshqa Lankaster filmlarida suratga tushgan, Qo'pol kuch va O.Kda otishma. Korral Frankengeymerda bo'lgani kabi Yosh musofir. Filmda shuningdek, tomonidan tasdiqlanmagan bit qismi mavjud Len kamroq, 1990-yillarda kim shuhrat qozongan Leo amaki yilda Seynfeld. Elmer Bernshteyn soundtrack yaratish uchun qaytib keldi, bu g'alabadan keyin Xekt bilan ikkinchi hamkorligi Muvaffaqiyatning shirin hidi.

Alkatraz qushi film festivallarida va taqdirlash marosimlarida yana bir katta muvaffaqiyat bo'ldi. 1962 yilning yozida namoyish etilgandan so'ng, u to'rtta Oskar nominatsiyasida, shu jumladan Lancaster uchun eng yaxshi aktyor, Telli Savalas uchun eng yaxshi aktyor sifatida, ikkinchi o'rinda Thema Ritter uchun eng yaxshi aktrisa sifatida. Burnett Guffey esa eng yaxshi oq-qora kinematografiya uchun. U uchta Laurel mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi, biri eng yaxshi drama uchun, biri eng yaxshi erkak dramatik ijrosi uchun va yana biri eng yaxshi ayollarni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi ijro uchun. British Academy Film mukofotlari Lankasterga "Eng yaxshi chet el aktyori" va " Oltin globus mukofotlari uni nomzod qilib ko'rsatdi Bosh roldagi eng yaxshi aktyor va Savalalar uchun Eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktyor. Amerika rejissyorlar gildiyasi mukofoti Frankenxaymerni filmlardagi eng yaxshi rejissyorlik yutug'i va Amerika Yozuvchilar uyushmasi mukofoti Trosperni eng yaxshi yozilgan amerikalik dramaturgiya nominatsiyalari bilan taqdirlashdi. Venetsiya kinofestivalida u eng yuqori mukofot - "Oltin sher" ga nomzod bo'ldi va g'olib bo'ldi Volpi kubogi eng yaxshi aktyor uchun mukofot va San Giorgio mukofoti mukofoti. Bundan tashqari, Milliy mukofot kengashi mukofotlari "Eng yaxshi o'nta film" ro'yxati va 76-o'rinni egalladi AFI ro'yxati, 100 yil… 100 ta salom: Amerikaning eng ilhomlantiruvchi filmlari.

Harold Hecht Productions-ga qaytish

Asosiy maqola: Harold Hecht Productions

Xaxtning navbatdagi loyihasi dastlab 1950-yillarning oxirida, ular mulkni Robert Aldrichdan sotib olganlaridan keyin Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions uchun rejalashtirilgan edi. Ammo 1960 yil boshida Xekt ishlab chiqarishni o'z zimmasiga olgani e'lon qilindi Taras Bulba, urush va romantikaning elementlarini o'zida mujassam etgan jangovar-sarguzasht film.[139] Asoslangan Nikolay Gogol "s shu nomdagi roman, Taras Bulba haqida hikoya qiladi Kazak klan Ukraina ga qarshi kurashish Qutblar, bu erda kazak rahbarining o'g'li va aristokratik Polsha oilasining qizi o'rtasida sevgi hikoyasi paydo bo'ladi. Film Toni Kurtisning "Kurtli prodaktsionlari" va "Xaxt" ning asl "Garold Xekt" prodaktsiyalari o'rtasida hamkorlikda ishlab chiqarilgan bo'lib, 1948 yillarda birinchi marta ishlatilgandan so'ng qaytadan qaytgan. Mening qo'llarimdagi qonni o'p. Xech yollandi J. Li Tompson direktor sifatida va Valdo Tuz ssenariysini kim yozgan Olov va o'q 1949 yilda qora ro'yxatga kiritilishidan oldin va Karl Tunberg, hozirda megahitda ishlagan ikki karra Oskar nomzodi Ben-Xur, ssenariy yozish uchun.

Bosh rol avval Lankaster uchun rejalashtirilgan, keyin Entoni Kvinn va nihoyat ustiga qo'ndi Yul Brynner, roli uchun Oskar mukofoti sovrindori Podshoh va men, kim u bilan haqiqiy ijroni taqdim etsa Çingene fon. Unda Toni Kertis va Kristin Kaufman, filmdan keyin unga uylanishni davom ettirgan. Taniqli rollar ijro etildi Sem Vanamaker, Bred Dexter, Hechtda paydo bo'lgan Silent, Deep Run va Ajoyib etti Brynner bilan, Gay Rolfe, Perri Lopes va Jorj Macready. Xekt yaqinda ikkinchi rafiqasi Martin Millnerga lo'lilar raqqosasi sifatida epizodik rolini ham berdi.

Ishlab chiqarishni United Artists byudjeti bilan 3 800 000 AQSh dollari miqdorida moliyalashtirgan. Xech joylashgan joyga bordi Salta, Argentina Eastmancolor bilan jihozlangan Panavision kameralari va ikki karra Oskar nomzodi operatori bilan, Jozef MakDonald. Bir qator kechikishlardan so'ng, jang sahnalari uchun qo'shimchalarni keng jalb qilish va ishlab chiqarishdan keyingi xarajatlar Columbia Studios, filmlarning byudjeti keskin oshib, jami 7 000 000 dollarni tashkil etdi.[25] Taras Bulba 1962 yil oxirida chiqarildi va Xekt bilan birga ishlagan Frants Vaksman tomonidan to'plangan Silent, Deep Run. Waxman-ning musiqiy filmi shon-shuhratdan ustun bo'lib, katta muvaffaqiyatga erishdi. Uni Bernard Herrmann maqtagan, ko'pchilik uni Gollivudning eng buyuk bastakorlaridan biri deb bilgan. Vaksmanning ballari uchta mukofotga nomzod bo'lgan; biri Oskar mukofotining eng yaxshi musiqiy partiyasi uchun - Aslini olganda, ikkinchisi "Oltin Globus" mukofotlari, eng yaxshi original ball uchun va oxirgi Xalqaro kino musiqa tanqidchilari assotsiatsiyasi Mavjud balni eng yaxshi arxivda qayta yozish uchun.

1962 yil oxirida Xekt ishni davom ettirdi Ashiyadan parvoz. O'sha vaqtga kelib Alan Pakula dramatik filmni tayyorlash uchun o'qishni tashlab ketgan edi Mockingbirdni o'ldirish uchun. Valdo Salt Xekt bilan aloqalarini davom ettirdi va ssenariy muallifi Elliot Arnold bilan birga yozdi. Oskar rejissyor nomzodini ko'rsatdi Maykl Anderson (nomzod Sakson kun ichida dunyo bo'ylab) ikkita kinematograf bilan kemaga kelgan; Burnett Guffey, hozirda ishi uchun Oskar mukofotiga nomzod bo'lgan edi Alkatraz qushiva ustida ishlagan Jozef Makdonald Taras Bulba. Ushbu mahsulot Yunayted Artists tomonidan 1800000 AQSh dollari miqdorida mablag 'bilan moliyalashtirildi va tarqatildi, ammo baribir Panavision va Eastmancolor kabi eng yuqori sifatli uskunalar bilan ta'minlandi.

Bu voqea Qo'shma Shtatlar havo kuchlari atrofida sodir bo'ldi Havodan qutqarish xizmati qutqaruv qayig'ida qolgan yapon tinch aholisini qutqarish vazifasi. Bu safar ekipaj Italiyaning Rim shahriga jo'nab ketdi, u erda Hext va uning yangi kelini Martin Millner tortishish jadvali o'rtasida cheklangan asal oyini o'tkazishi kerak edi. Keyinchalik filmning aksariyati Yaponiyada bo'lib o'tdi Kioto, Tokio, Tachikava va Osaka. Filmda Yul Brynner rol o'ynagan, Richard Vidmark va Jorj Chakiris, "Eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktyor" uchun "Oskar" ni qo'lga kiritgandan keyin rolni bajarishni istamagan West Side Story. Shuningdek, u taniqli edi Suzi Parker, Sherli Rits Bir yil oldin eng yaxshi ikkinchi darajali aktrisa nominatsiyasida qatnashgan Zinapoya tepasida qorong'ulik, Danielle Gaubert va Xekt Xarold Xekt Productions bilan eksklyuziv bo'lmagan, uchta rasmli shartnoma imzolagan Eiko Taki (uning shartnomasidagi boshqa ikkita film hech qachon suratga olinmagan). Ashiyadan parvoz 1964 yil bahorida cheklangan muvaffaqiyat bilan ozod qilindi.

Toni Kurtis 1948 yildan beri Universal Pictures bilan shartnoma tuzgan va uning studiyadagi so'nggi filmi tugagan. Xech Kertisning yangi ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi bilan hamkorlik qildi, Reynard Productions, ishlab chiqarish uchun romantik komediya, Yovvoyi va ajoyib (ilgari, Hurmatli konyak). Umumjahon bilan qat'iy byudjetli, bitta rasmli bitim orqali moliyalashtiriladi, Yovvoyi va ajoyib Xettning Kertis bilan to'rtinchi va so'nggi hamkorligi bo'ldi. Shuningdek, u Kurtisning yangi rafiqasi Kristin Kaufmanning rolini ijro etdi, u Garold Hecht Productions bilan olti rasmli shartnoma imzoladi; uning bitimidagi boshqa beshta film hech qachon amalga oshmagan. Taniqli rollar ijro etildi Larri Storch, Marti Ingels, Marsel Dalio, Kliff Osmond, Fifi D'Orsay, Vito Skotti, Stenli Adams va Shelli Manne. Yovvoyi va ajoyib Doroti Krayderning hikoyasiga asoslangan edi, Men itga uylandim. Komedik syujetda alkogolli it, "Konyak konyak" ishtirok etadi, u bir kecha ichish uchun Parijdagi qasridan qochib ketadi. U yosh musiqachi (Kurtis) bilan do'stlashib, u bilan birga xonadonida uxlamasdan oldin u bilan mahalliy tavernalarda tunaydi. Monsieur Konyakning egasi, boy va taniqli aktrisa (Kaufmann), ertasi kuni ikkalasini topadi va Kurtis bilan muhabbat munosabatlarini rivojlantiradi, bu uning hasadgo'y iti va uning nazorat qiluvchi otasining qarshiligiga sabab bo'ladi.

Bir qator ssenariy mualliflari ishladilar Yovvoyi va ajoyib, shu jumladan Filipp Rapp, Richard Pauell, Larri Markes, Maykl Morris va Valdo Tuz. Rejissyor Maykl Anderson Xekt bilan yana ikkinchi marta ishlashga qaytdi Ashiyadan parvoz, etti marotaba Oskar mukofotiga nomzod kinematografist bilan, Jozef LaShelle uchun Oskar mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan Laura 1945 yilda. Film butunlay Parijda suratga olingan, ammo "Universal" ning byudjeti cheklanganligi sababli, Xektga haqiqiy joyida suratga olishga ruxsat berilmagan bir nechta filmlardan biriga aylandi. U o'qqa tutilgan Universal studiyalar tomonidan ajoyib tarzda ishlab chiqarilgan to'plamlar bilan Ruby R. Levitt, Oskar nomzodi dekorator ilgari Xekt bilan ishlagan Mening qo'llarimdagi qonni o'p (shuningdek, Universal Studios-da suratga olingan, 1948 yilda). Yovvoyi va ajoyib 1964 yilning bahorida chiqarilgan, ammo kassaning umidsizligi edi.

1962 yil oxirida Xaxt Columbia Pictures bilan ikki rasmli shartnoma imzoladi.[140] Bir qator loyihalar amalga oshirilgandan so'ng, Xekt 1950-yillarning o'rtalaridan boshlab Roy Xanselorning G'arbiy romani, eski Hecht-Lancaster Productions mulkini qayta tiklashga qaror qildi. Mushuk Ballou Balladasi. Hecht-Lancaster Productions loyihasi sifatida, Mushuk Ballou dastlab G'arbning komediya musiqiy filmi bo'lib, Burt Lankaster va Toni Kurtis raqib birodarlar sifatida ishtirok etgan. 1960 yildayoq Xek ustida ishlagan Mushuk Ballou yakkaxon loyiha sifatida va nihoyat Kolumbiya shartnomasi orqali ishlab chiqarishni ta'minladi.

Uchastka Mushuk Ballou o'z uyiga faqat otasining fermasini mahalliy qurolli shaxslar tomonidan qo'rqitilganini ko'rish uchun qaytib kelayotgan yosh ayol atrofida rivojlanadi. U fermani himoya qilish uchun afsonaviy Kid Shellinni yollaydi, ammo tez orada u mast bo'lishdan ko'proq manfaatdor ekanligini tushunadi. Film 1956 yilda tashkil topganidan beri bir qator ssenariy mualliflarini bosib o'tdi, shundan keyin Roy Shanselor o'z romanini moslashtirdi. Uilyam Bouers, Uilyam Lyudvig, Burt Kennedi, Uolter Nyuman, Mitchell Lindemann, Frank Person Va nihoyat "Xektni mamnuniyat bilan" ssenariysini yozishga rozi bo'lgan Valter Bernshteyn. Shartnomadagi hech qanday muddat bandi uni ikki yil ishlashiga sabab bo'lmagani uchun Xaxt aytdi, xo'sh, tamom. Bernshteyn endi bunday shartnoma bandiga hech qachon rozi bo'lmasligini aytdi.

Kid Shellinning asosiy roli Gollivudning deyarli har bir taniqli yulduzi tomonidan o'n yillik prodyuserlik bosqichida taklif qilingan va etkazilgan. Lankaster maktabni tark etganidan so'ng, yana beshta aktyor, shu qatorda Spenser Treysi, Kirk Duglas va Xose Ferrer, oldin Li Marvin qismi taklif qilindi. Mushuk Ballou roli, shuningdek, qator yulduzlarga taklif qilindi Natali Vud (Lankaster hali aktyorlar tarkibida bo'lganida) va Ann-Margret (kim uni agenti u bilan maslahatlashmasdan rad etganligi sababli qabul qilish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lmagan), oldin Jeyn Fonda buni qabul qildi. Qolgan aktyorlar ishtirok etdi Maykl Kallan, Dwayne Hikman, Nat King Cole, Stubbi Kaye, Tom Nardini, Jey C. Flippen, Jon Marley, Artur Hunnicutt, Reginald Denni va Bryus Kabot. Mushuk Ballou Nat King Koulning filmdagi so'nggi ko'rinishi bo'lib chiqdi, chunki u o'pka saratoniga chalinganidan to'rt oy oldin vafot etdi. Film rejissyori Elliot Silverstayn O'tgan o'n yilni televizion qismlarni boshqarishga sarflagan va yigirma sakkiz kun ichida joylashgan joyda otib tashlangan Kanon-Siti, Kolorado, da Columbia Ranch yilda Burbank, Kaliforniya va Gower Street Studios Gollivudda. Ikki karra Oskar nomzodi Frank De Vol tomonidan yozilgan qo'shiqlar bilan saundtrek yaratdi Makk Devid va Jerri Livingston.

1965 yil yozida chiqarilgan, Mushuk Ballou katta muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va kassalarda 20 000 000 dollardan ko'proq pul ishladi. Bu yilning eng yaxshi o'ntaligiga kirgan va nomzod bo'lgan va bir tonna mukofotga sazovor bo'lgan. Da 38-chi Oskar mukofotlari 1966 yilda bo'lib o'tgan marosim beshta Oskar mukofotiga, shu jumladan Li Marvin uchun eng yaxshi aktyor rolida g'olib bo'lgan. Boshqa nominatsiyalar qatoriga "Eng yaxshi yozuv", "Boshqa bir nashr materiallari asosida ssenariy", Eng yaxshi tahrir, Eng yaxshi musiqa, original qo'shiq va eng yaxshi musiqa, musiqa skoringi, moslashish yoki davolash. Oltin Globus mukofotlarida Marvin g'olib chiqdi Eng yaxshi aktyor - Musiqali yoki komediya va film nomzod bo'ldi Eng yaxshi kinofilm - Musiqali yoki komediya, Eng yaxshi aktrisa - Musiqali yoki komediya, Eng istiqbolli yangi kelgan - erkak va uchun Eng yaxshi original qo'shiq. Britaniyaning "Oskar" filmlari mukofotlari Marvinni "Eng yaxshi xorijiy aktyor" mukofotiga sazovor qildi va Nardinini "Eng umidvor yangi qo'shiqchi" nominatsiyasida "Asosiy filmlar roli" ga nomzod qildi Laurel mukofotlari to'rtta Oltin Laurel bilan filmning yana bir katta qo'llab-quvvatlovchisi edi; biri eng yaxshi komediya uchun, biri eng yaxshi erkak komediya uchun, biri eng yaxshi ayol komediyasi uchun va yana biri eng yaxshi qo'shiq uchun. The Amerika direktorlari gildiyasi Silverstein-ni "Motion Pictures" filmidagi eng yaxshi rejissyorlik yutug'i uchun nomzod qildi Amerika Yozuvchilar uyushmasi Newman va Piersonni "Eng yaxshi yozilgan Amerika komediyasi" nominatsiyasida ko'rsatdi. Nyu-York kinoshunoslari to'garagi Marvinga "Eng yaxshi aktyor" mukofotini berdi. Berlin xalqaro kinofestivali filmni uchta nominatsiya bo'yicha mukofotladi; "Berlin Berlin Bear" mukofoti "Eng yaxshi aktyor", "Maxsus zikr" va "Yoshlar uchun mos bo'lgan eng yaxshi badiiy film" mukofotlari va "Oltin Berlin oyi" mukofotiga "Eng yaxshi rejissyor" nominatsiyasini taqdim etdi.

Oldin Mushuk Ballou hattoki chiqarildi, Hecht matbuotga davomli filmni tayyorlashga qiziqishini e'lon qildi Kid Shellin.[141] U Marvin va Fondaning rollarini takrorlashiga umid qildi va ular bilan muzokara olib bordi Bette Devis bir qismi uchun. Xekt hayotining keyingi yigirma yilida turli xil stsenariylar va produserlik bosqichlarida ishlagan. Mushuk Ballou 1971 yilda ham ikkita alohida televizion uchuvchilar uchun moslashtirildi. Birinchisi uchun ABC va yulduzcha Lesli Enn Uorren mushuk Ballou, Jek Elam Kid Shellin va Tom Nardini rollarida Jekson Ikki ayiq sifatida qaytishdi. ABC epizodi 1971 yil 5 sentyabrda efirga uzatilgan. Ikkinchi uchuvchi bir vaqtning o'zida ishlab chiqarilgan NBC va yulduzcha Jo Ann Harris mushuk Ballou sifatida, Forrest Taker Kid Shellin va taniqli sifatida Garri Morgan chorvador sifatida. Ushbu epizod 1971 yil 6-sentabrda, ABC epizodi namoyish qilingan kunning ertasigacha efirga uzatilgan. Uchuvchilar ham ishlab chiqarish uchun olinmagan.

Hechtning so'nggi chiqarilgan filmi moslashtirildi Kichik A. B. Gutri Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan G'arbiy roman, G'arb yo'li. Ishlab chiqarish G'arb yo'li Xaxtning Yunayted Artists bilan shartnomasi nihoyasiga etdi, u o'sha paytda oldindan ishlab chiqarishga juda ko'p mablag 'sarflagan. Mulk dastlab 1953 yil oxirida Hecht-Lancaster Productions tomonidan sotib olingan edi va Hecht o'n to'rt yil davomida United Artists moliyaviy nazorati ostida ssenariyni ishlab chiqardi. 1953 yilda e'lon qilinganida, United Artists prodyuserlik bo'limiga g'arbiy film uchun eng katta byudjetni taqdim etdi, u $ 5,000,000 bilan reklama xarajatlari chiqarib tashlandi.[142] 1959 yilga kelib bu byudjet 8 000 000 dollarga ko'tarildi.[143]

G'arb yo'li Kassaning asosiy diqqatga sazovor joyi sifatida mo'ljallangan edi va Xekt film ustida ishlash uchun Gollivudning eng yaxshi nomlarini yollagan. Yillar davomida Burt Lankaster, Gari Kuper, Jeyms Styuart, Jon Ueyn, Charlton Xeston, Ingrid Bergman va Katarin Xepbern barchasi qismlarga imzolangan. Shuningdek, bir qator yozuvchilar turli xil ishlanmalar ustida ishladilar, jumladan Klifford Odets, Jon Tvist, Marvin Borovskiy, Jeyms R. Uebb va Jessamyn G'arb. Yakuniy ssenariy muallifi Mitchell Lindemann va Ben Maddou, ssenariyda Kirk Duglas, Richard Vidmark va Robert Mitchum. Jek Elam, Nik Kravat, Jon Mitchum (Robert Mitchumning ukasi, eng yaxshi Klint Istvudda paydo bo'lishi bilan yodda qolgan Nopok Garri ketma-ket), Stubbi Kaye va Salli Fild (filmda debyut qilish) barchasida rollar bo'lgan.

Joylashgan joyi bo'yicha suratga olingan Oregon va Arizona DeLuxe rangli plyonka bilan jihozlangan Panavision kameralaridan foydalangan holda, G'arb yo'li 1840 yillarning o'rtalarida Oregon shtatining yangi hududiga etib borish uchun O'rta G'arbni kesib o'tgan kashshoflarning hikoyasini aytib bering. Film rejissyori Endryu V. Maklaglen, qilgan va yaxshi hurmat qilgan G'arb rejissyori Maklintok! Jon Ueyn bilan, Shenandoah va Noyob zot, ikkalasi ham Jeyms Styuart bilan, Jozi haqida ballada bilan Doris kuni va Piter Graves va Qurolni pastga tushiring bilan Jeyms Arness. Shuningdek, u G'arbning bir qator teleseriallariga rejissyorlik qilgan Qurolga ega bo'ling - Sayohat qilaman bilan Richard Buni, Qurolli tutun Jeyms Arness bilan, Xom teri bilan Klint Istvud va Gunslinger bilan Toni Yang. Kinematograf yoqilgan G'arb yo'li teng malakaga ega edi. Uilyam X. Klotier G'arbliklar uchun ikki marta Oskar nomzodi bo'lgan. U ishlagan Mo'jiza, Noyob zot, Shenandoah, Cheyne kuzi, Maklintok!, Ozodlik Valansni otgan odam, Comancheros, Alamo, Ot askarlari, Qurolni pastga tushiring va Hozirdan etti kishi. Film tepasida edi Bronislau Kaper soundtrack, Oskar mukofotining uch karra nomzodi bastakor. Ammo Xekt o'tgan yillar davomida ishlatgan barcha yulduz kuchlari bilan ham, film kassaning umidsizligi bo'lib chiqdi.

Keyin G'arb yo'li, Xekt ko'plab film loyihalarida ishlashni davom ettirdi va hech qachon o'z kasbidan nafaqaga chiqmadi. U yaratgan keyingi film Komiks, Columbia Pictures-dagi ikki rasmli shartnomadan ikkinchisi. Asl hikoyadan olingan Baggy shim Walter Newman tomonidan, Komiks birinchi marta muallif tomonidan 1965 yil oxirida moslashtirilgan.[144] Hikoyada jimjit ekran yulduzi, uning shon-sharafga ko'tarilishi va qulashi haqida so'z yuritilgan. 1967 yil yozida Gekt yaqinlashdi Dik Van Deyk filmda rol o'ynash va Karl Reyner uni boshqarish va birgalikda ishlab chiqarish.[145] Ular bilan birga Komiks Garold Hecht Productions, Van Dyke's DFI Productions va Reiner's Acre Enterprises o'rtasida qo'shma korxonaga aylandi. Keyinchalik o'sha yozda Xekt 1967 yil may oyida ekran sinovidan o'tkazildi Playboy Oyning pleymate model, Anne Randall, ayolning etakchisi uchun.[146] Reyner, Van Deyk va ssenariy muallifi Aaron Ruben keyingi yili ssenariyni ancha qayta yozdi va 1968 yilning yoziga kelib Xek rasmdan chiqib ketdi.[147] Oxir-oqibat, film 1969 yil oxirida, aniq Reiner prodyuseri sifatida chiqarildi va Xektning hissalari filmning so'nggi versiyasida qolgan-qolmagani hozircha noma'lum.

Hechtda noto'g'ri akkreditatsiyadan o'tgan loyihalardan biri Ulzananing reydi. Ba'zi manbalar (o'z manbalarini tasdiqlamagan holda) Xektni (shuningdek, filmda rol o'ynagan Burt Lankasterni) akkreditatsiya qilinmagan prodyuser deb da'vo qilmoqda.[148][149] Filmda ishlagan va prodyuser bo'lgan yagona prodyuserlik kompaniyalari va prodyuserlari Hextning ishtirokiga hech qachon da'vo qilmagan Ulzananing reydi Robert Aldrich va uning ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyasi The Associates and Aldrich Company va Karter DeHaven va uning ishlab chiqaruvchi kompaniyasi - De Haven Productions. Hechtning ushbu filmda ishtirok etgani va uning turli prodyuserlik kompaniyalari ishtirok etganligi haqida hech qanday ma'lumot yo'q. Lancaster kompaniyasining yozuvlari ham yo'q, Norlan Productions, filmni tayyorlashda ishtirok etish. Lancaster ko'pincha u paydo bo'lgan kinofilmlarni boshqarish va tahrirlashga kuchli ta'sir ko'rsatganiga qaramay, Ulzananing reydi aslida Lancaster va Universal Pictures o'rtasida moliyaviy kelishuv bo'lgan; paydo bo'lish evaziga Ulzananing reydi, Universal Norlan Production filmini tayyorlashni moliyalashtirishi kerak edi Yarim tunda odam.[iqtibos kerak ] Xechning hamkorligi Ulzananing reydi shuning uchun munozarali masala bo'lib, ushbu da'voni tasdiqlash uchun hech qanday isbotsiz, u loyiha bilan umuman aloqasi bo'lmagan deb taxmin qilish yaxshiroqdir.[iqtibos kerak ]

Shaxsiy hayot

Gloriya Buzzell bilan turmush qurish

Xext ikki marta turmush qurgan. Uning birinchi nikohi Gloriya Joys Buzzell bilan 1947 yil 1-noyabrda Las-Vegas, Nevada shahrida bo'lgan. Gloriya Buzzellning otasi Semyuil Xese Buzzell teatr va musiqa-patent bo'yicha advokat, amakisi esa kinorejissyor bo'lgan. Edvard Buzzell. U ilgari ma'mur yordamchisi bo'lib ishlagan MGM hikoyalar bo'limi.[150] Garold va Gloriya birgalikda uchta farzand ko'rishgan; Stiven, Daffi va Alma.

Stiven Xaxt, 1948 yilda tug'ilgan, advokat, Los-Anjelesda yashaydi. Duffy W. Hecht, 1950 yil iyun oyida tug'ilgan Livan kasalxonasining sadrlari Gollivudda, Kaliforniyaning Karpinteriya shahrida yashovchi prodyuser / yozuvchidir. Alma Xech, 1955 yil sentyabrda tug'ilgan Seynt Jonning sog'liqni saqlash markazi yilda Santa Monika Kaliforniyaning Berkli shahrida yashovchi landshaft dizayneridir.

Garold va Gloriya 1959 yil 18-iyulda ajralib ketishdi, Garold esa avvalgi juftlik bahslarida saqlagan Beverli-Xillzdagi Uilshir Bulvaridagi Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions-ning hashamatli kvartirasiga doimiy ravishda ko'chib ketishdi.[151] 1960 yil 25-avgustda Gloriya Xektni ruhiy va jismoniy azobda ayblanib ajrashgani uchun sudga berdi. Boshqa sabablarga ko'ra tez-tez tortishuvlar va Garoldning filmda ishlayotganda oilaviy uyda uzoq vaqt yo'qligi ko'rsatilgan.[152] Gloriya 1300000 dollardan ziyod jamoat mulki va uch farzandining to'liq qaramog'ida bo'lishini talab qildi.[153] Ajrashish to'g'risidagi ariza Kaliforniya shtatidagi Santa-Monika sudi tomonidan 1960 yil 7 sentyabrda qabul qilingan va 1961 yil 28 iyunda ajralish yakunlangan. Garoldning taxmin qilingan 2-4 million dollarlik bahosi baholanmoqda, uch nafar bolasini asrab olish to'g'risidagi qaror qo'shimcha 60 kunga qoldirildi.[151] Mulkning bir qismi asl nusxasini o'z ichiga olgan Vinsent van Gog rasm chizish La Crau tekisligi, 1955 yilda sotib olingan.[154][155] Qo'shimcha sud majlislari 1961 yil iyul, 1962 yil avgust, 1963 yil aprel va 1963 yil iyun oylarida bo'lib o'tdi, u erda Gloriya qo'shimcha aliment undirish uchun sudga murojaat qildi. Sud qarori bilan Garold Gloriyaga 121 oy davomida (10 yildan sal ko'proq) kasb va qayta turmush qurishidan qat'iy nazar aliment to'laydi degan xulosaga keldi.[156] Agar Garold o'n yil oxirigacha vafot etsa, uning mol-mulki to'lovlarni davom ettirishi kerak edi. 1962 yil sentyabr oyida Gloriya advokat Franklin Desserga qayta turmushga chiqdi va Gloriya Xech Desser bo'ldi.[156][154] 1968 yil yanvar oyida Garold aliment to'lash to'g'risidagi qaror ustidan shikoyat arizasi bilan murojaat qildi, ammo rad etildi.[156]

Martin Millner bilan nikoh

Xaxtning ikkinchi nikohi ingliz model-aktrisasi Martin Millner, nikoh Margaret Truefitt bilan bo'lgan. Er-xotin 1962 yil 30-oktabr, seshanba kuni Los-Anjelesda nikoh litsenziyasini olishdi va 1-noyabr, payshanba kuni San-Frantsiskoda turmushga chiqdilar. Keyin ular Rektda asal oyiga kirishdilar, u erda Xaxtning o'sha paytdagi ishlab chiqarishining bir qismi, Ashiyadan parvoz, suratga olinayotgan edi. Nikoh paytida, Millner 26 yoshda, Xekt 55 yoshda edi. Millner Xektning 1962 yilgi filmida suratga tushgan edi, Taras Bulba. Garold va Martinaning birgalikda uchta farzandi bor edi; Garold, kichik, Odam va Rebekka.

Garold va Martin 1974 yil sentyabr oyida, o'n ikki yillik yubileyini nishonlashiga ikki oy qolganda ajralib chiqishdi.[157] Bu safar sud Haroldni Martinega oylik 4000 dollar miqdorida nafaqa to'lashni buyurdi va u er-xotinning 350000 dollarlik uyi va uning 2.000.000 dollarlik jamoat mol-mulkining yarmini saqlab qoldi.[158]

Kichik Harold Xaxt, 1963 yil 14 sentyabrda tug'ilgan, rejissyor Jon Frankenxaymer bilan ishlagan va hozirda uch karra Emmi mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan sport televizion prodyuseri.[159][160] Adam Artur Xekt 1965 yil 6-avgustda tug'ilgan UCLA tibbiy markazi va 1989 yil 7 iyulda Kaliforniya shtatidagi Beverli-Xillzdan 23 yoshida sirli ravishda yo'q bo'lib ketishdan oldin tennis bo'yicha murabbiy bo'lib ishlagan.[161] U hech qachon topilmagan, ammo politsiya buzuq o'yinda gumon qilinmaydi va ishni bedarak yo'qolgan deb topadi.[162] Adam Hextning yo'qolishi haqidagi voqea Amerika teleserialida tasvirlangan Hal qilinmagan sirlar 1990 yilda.[163][164] Rebekka 1970 yil may oyida tug'ilgan; uning kasbi - bu non pishirish.

O'lim

Xecht o'z uyida vafot etdi Beverli Xillz, ning oshqozon osti bezi saratoni 1985 yil 26 mayda. Uning 78 yoshga to'lishiga olti kun qolgan edi. U aralashdi Westwood Village Memorial Park qabristoni Los-Anjelesda.

Kompaniyalarning qisman ro'yxati

O'tgan yillar davomida Hecht ko'plab kompaniyalarga asos solgan va ularga asos solgan.

  • Goonies (1934-1935)
  • Lui Rants bilan Gecht-Rantz agentligi (1945–1946)
  • Harold Xekt prodaktsiyalari (1946–1985)
  • Burt Lankaster bilan Norma Productions (1947-1985)
  • Halburt mahsulotlari (1950-1952) Burt Lankaster bilan
  • Bert Lankaster bilan "Hecht-Lancaster Productions" (1953-1956)
  • Uilyam Servis Kompaniyasi (1953-1959) Burt Lankaster bilan
  • Bert Lankaster va Jeyms Xill bilan Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions (1956-1960)
  • Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music (1956–1957) Burt Lankaster va Loring Buzzell bilan
  • Kalyork musiqasi (1957–1958) Burt Lankaster va Loring Buzzell bilan
  • Clifton Productions (1957-1958) Burt Lankaster va Jeyms Xill bilan
  • Hecht & Buzzell musiqasi (1959-1960) Lu Ann Simms bilan
  • Burt Lankaster bilan zamonaviy prodaktsiyalar (1960-1961)
  • Garold Xekt korporatsiyasi (1962–1985)
  • Harold Xext filmlari (1964–1985)
  • Garold Xekt kompaniyasi (1966–1985)

Mijozlar va shartnoma aktyorlarining qisman ro'yxati

Ushbu bo'limda qisman yoki eksklyuziv ravishda Garold Xekt (Goldstone agentligi, Xekt-Rantz agentligi yoki Harold Xaxt prodaktsionlari orqali) boshqargan va u bilan yoki uning yakka ijodi bilan uzoq muddatli yoki ko'p rasmli shartnomalar imzolagan aktyorlar ro'yxati keltirilgan. kompaniyalar. Bunga Norma Productions, Hecht-Lancaster Productions yoki Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions bilan shartnoma tuzgan aktyorlar kirmaydi.

Filmografiya

Asosiy maqola: Harold Xextning filmografiyasi

Teatr kreditlari

Aktyor sifatida

  • Somon shlyapa (1926 yil oktyabr-noyabr)
  • Katta ko'l (1927 yil aprel)
  • Hech narsa haqida juda ko'p narsa (1927 yil noyabr-dekabr)
  • Doktor Knock (1928 yil fevral-mart)
  • Grand Street Follies (1928 yil may-oktyabr)
  • Yovvoyi o'rdak (1928 yil noyabr - 1929 yil yanvar)

Raqs direktori / xoreograf sifatida

  • Les noces (1930)
  • Baxtli kun (Dekabr 1931 - 1932)
  • Hullabaloo (1932 yil may-iyun)
  • Quvnoq beva (1932 yil noyabr - 1933)
  • Osmono‘par binolar (1933 yil iyul)
  • Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt (1939 yil aprel-iyun)

Direktor sifatida

  • Hullabaloo (1932 yil may-iyun)
  • Quvnoq beva (1932 yil noyabr - 1933)
  • Osmono‘par binolar (1933 yil iyul)
  • Ammo Xudoning marhamati uchun (1937 yil yanvar - 1937)
  • Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt (1939 yil aprel-iyun)

Ishlab chiqaruvchi sifatida

  • Hullabaloo (1932 yil may-iyun)
  • Osmono‘par binolar (1933 yil iyul)
  • Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq ayt (1939 yil aprel-iyun)
  • Alohida jadvallar (1956 yil oktyabr - 1957 yil sentyabr)

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ "Akademiyaga 18 ta qo'shildi", Teatr kassasi, 1952 yil 20-dekabr, p56
  2. ^ a b Courier Journal, 1933 yil 23-iyun, p25
  3. ^ a b v d Uilkes-Barre Times rahbari, 1933 yil 1-iyul, 5-bet
  4. ^ a b Uilks-Barre yozuvlari, 1933 yil 3-iyul, 20-bet
  5. ^ "Yangi kelgan Burt Lankaster film uchun o'zining kiyimini oldi", Louella O. Parsons, Sankt-Peterburg Times, 1947 yil 1-avgust, juma, 16-bet
  6. ^ "Tirik qolish uchun kurash", Mustaqil eksponentlarning filmlar byulleteni, 1957 yil 2 sentyabr, 23-bet
  7. ^ "Xekt-Xill-Lankaster bilan nima bo'ladi?", Tuskalozadagi yangiliklar, 1959 yil 24 sentyabr, 5-bet
  8. ^ "Burt Lancaster Enigma" deb nomlangan, Matbuot kotibi sharhi, 1961 yil 27-may, p77
  9. ^ "Yozuvchi ish tashlashi Gollivudni topdi", Bridgeport Post, 1959 yil 1-noyabr, 32-bet
  10. ^ "Kelishuv Gollivud Yozuvchilar uyushmasining aloqalarini tugatdi", Oregon shtatining xodimi, 1959 yil 1-noyabr, 3-bet
  11. ^ "Gollivud manzarasi", Eureka Gumboldt standarti, 1962 yil 31 mart, 4-bet
  12. ^ 1959 yil Oskar g'oliblari
  13. ^ "Alohida jadvallar uchun mukofotlar", Internet Broadway ma'lumotlar bazasi]
  14. ^ "Johnston View", Har kungi kinofilm, 1959 yil 6 oktyabr, 13-bet
  15. ^ "AQSh rasmiylari Rossiyadagi Marti Bouga tashrif buyurishadi", Har kungi kinofilm, 1959 yil 22 oktyabr, 2-bet
  16. ^ Milliy filmlarni himoya qilish kengashi, filmlar ro'yxati
  17. ^ a b Jozef Xextning o'limi to'g'risidagi guvohnoma
  18. ^ Jozef Xektning nasabnomasi
  19. ^ a b v d e f g Burt Lankaster - Amerikalik hayot, Keyt Buford, Da Kapo
  20. ^ Jozef Xech[doimiy o'lik havola ] AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish, 1900 yil
  21. ^ Jozef Xech[doimiy o'lik havola ] AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish, 1930 yil
  22. ^ Rose Louni[doimiy o'lik havola ] AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish 1900 yil
  23. ^ Rose Louni[doimiy o'lik havola ] AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish 1930 yil
  24. ^ Rose Hecht ajdodlari
  25. ^ a b v d e "Xarold Xext", Viskonsin yahudiylarning xronikasi, 1962 yil 13-iyul, 2-bet
  26. ^ a b v d e f g h men j k l m n o p q r s t siz v "Garold Adolph Hechtning guvohligi, uning maslahatchisi Edvard Bennett Uilyams hamrohligida", Los-Anjeles mintaqasidagi kommunistlar faoliyatini tekshirish, 23 mart
  27. ^ Corpus Christi qo'ng'iroq qiluvchi Times, 1961 yil 9-aprel, 88-bet
  28. ^ a b v d e f "Amerika laboratoriya teatrida aktyorlar tayyorlash nazariyasi va amaliyoti", Margueritte Elaine Bryan Brault, Arizona universiteti, 1979 yil
  29. ^ Rolli Lin Lin Riggsning qisqacha tarjimai holi
  30. ^ "Kelin pardasi", Kolumbiya tomoshabinlari 1928 yil 8-fevral, 2-bet
  31. ^ Harold Xext IMDB boshqa asarlari
  32. ^ Garold Xaxt kreditlari, Internet Broadway ma'lumotlar bazasi
  33. ^ "Mayk Mine Borsht", Turli xillik, 1948 yil 12-may, 2-bet
  34. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1931 yil 11-noyabr, 10-bet
  35. ^ a b v d "Chi Chi Radioda" Turli xillik, 1931 yil 27 oktyabr, 6-bet
  36. ^ a b "Le Baronning so'zlari", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 3-noyabr, 6-bet
  37. ^ a b "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1931 yil 5-noyabr, 8-bet
  38. ^ a b "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1931 yil 28 oktyabr
  39. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1931 yil 29 oktyabr, 10-bet
  40. ^ "Kredit Uorburton", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 27 oktyabr, 4-bet
  41. ^ "Gollivud", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 3-noyabr, 44-bet
  42. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1931 yil 10-noyabr, 6-bet
  43. ^ "Balet uchun chivinlar", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 10-noyabr, 2-bet
  44. ^ "Gollivud", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 10-noyabr, 6-bet
  45. ^ "Gollivuddagi parda ortida", Daily Ayova, 1931 yil 18-noyabr, 4-bet
  46. ^ a b v d e "Xiram Braun, juda yaxshi ball, Gollivud raqibining xo'jayinlari to'qnashganda, shoshilib studiya missiyasini tuzatadi deb o'ylaydi", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 17-noyabr, 2/26
  47. ^ a b v "Amos-Endi iliqmi?", Turli xillik, 1932 yil 5-yanvar, 3-bet
  48. ^ "Xextni sahnalashtirish", Turli xillik, 1931 yil 8-dekabr, 6-bet
  49. ^ Daily Notes, 1932 yil 19 mart, 2-bet
  50. ^ "Oskar" mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan prodyuser vafot etdi " Los Angeles Times ", 1985 yil
  51. ^ a b "Harold Xext, film prodyuseri va Burt Lancaster sherigi", The New York Times, 1985 yil 28-may
  52. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina" Kundalik film, 1932 yil 24 mart, 29-bet
  53. ^ "Veteranlarning Groucho uchun raqsi", Detroyt Free Press, 1932 yil 10-aprel, p35
  54. ^ "Nat Perrin; Kino va televidenie muallifi va Groucho Marks Protejasi", Los Anjeles Tayms, 1998 yil 14-may
  55. ^ "Garold Xxt, Gollivud filmi prodyuseri", Sankt-Peterburg Times, 1985 yil 29-may, 23-bet
  56. ^ "Operadagi kecha", Tyorner klassik filmlari, Chop etish haqida ma'lumot
  57. ^ "O'rdak sho'rva", Tyorner klassik filmlari, Chop etish haqida ma'lumot
  58. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1932 yil 5-may, 7-bet
  59. ^ Pitsburg matbuoti, 1932 yil 13-iyul, 14-bet
  60. ^ Arcadia Tribune, 1932 yil 15-iyul, 6-bet
  61. ^ Arcadia Tribune 1932 yil 11-mart
  62. ^ "Kelajak o'yinlari", Turli xillik, 1932 yil 10-may, p50
  63. ^ a b "Hullabaloo", Turli xillik, 1932 yil 21-iyun, p50
  64. ^ a b "O'yin-kulgining barcha sohalarida shimolga qadar mo'l-ko'l ish", Gollivud filmografiyasi, 1932 yil 19-noyabr, 10-bet
  65. ^ a b Studiyani joylashtirish Turli xillik, 1932 yil 29-noyabr, 12-bet
  66. ^ a b "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1932 yil 2-dekabr, 10-bet
  67. ^ a b "Gollivud", Turli xillik, 1933 yil 8-noyabr, 6-bet
  68. ^ "Gollivud", Turli xillik, 1932 yil 29-noyabr, 6-bet
  69. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1932 yil 14-noyabr, 7-bet
  70. ^ Mae West: qora va oq rangdagi belgi, Jill Vatt, p151
  71. ^ "Kino sirk", Kinofilm, 1933 yil iyul, 14-bet
  72. ^ "Sarlavhaning eng muhim 3 o'zgarishi", Kundalik film, 1933 yil 16-yanvar, 2-bet
  73. ^ "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1933 yil 24-yanvar, 3-bet
  74. ^ "Chevalier filmining ochilishi", Kundalik film, 1933 yil 18-aprel, 2-bet
  75. ^ Bruklin Daily Eagle, 1933 yil 21-may, p25
  76. ^ "Birodarlik stomp raqsi", Zanesvill signali, 1933 yil 18-iyun, p11
  77. ^ a b "Xekt raqslari", Turli xillik, 1933 yil 28-fevral, 10-bet
  78. ^ "Xek Brok bilan", Hollywood Reporter, 1933 yil 28-fevral, 8-bet
  79. ^ a b "Para. Xektni eslaydi", Hollywood Reporter, 1933 yil 14-mart, 7-bet
  80. ^ Melody Cruise, IMDB kreditlari
  81. ^ "Hecht to Radio", Hollywood Reporter, 1933 yil 27 aprel, 3-bet
  82. ^ Keyn respublikachisi, 1933 yil 2-avgust, 3-bet
  83. ^ "Gollivud", Turli xillik, 1933 yil 23-may, 26-bet
  84. ^ "Hollywood Bowl", Gollivud filmografiyasi, 1933 yil 22-iyul, 3-bet
  85. ^ "Xarti o'zining so'nggi ko'rinishida", Eagle Rock reklama beruvchisi, 1933 yil 24-iyul, 3-bet
  86. ^ Korsikana Daily Sun, 1 sentyabr 1933 yil, 2-bet
  87. ^ a b "Shartnomalar", Turli xillik, 1933 yil 31-oktyabr, p29
  88. ^ a b "Xektning tulkiga o'tish", Turli xillik, 1933 yil 31 oktyabr, 2-bet
  89. ^ a b v "Lotlardan ozgina", Kundalik film, 1933 yil 24 oktyabr, 6-bet
  90. ^ a b "B.G. DeSylva tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan pastki qismlar Fox Films standartiga tegishli - Devid Butlerning ko'rsatmasi juda zo'r", Gollivud filmografiyasi, 1934 yil 3 mart, 3-bet
  91. ^ "Glamur Glamour Raqslari", Hollywood Reporter, 1934 yil 22-yanvar, 7-bet
  92. ^ "Gecht on Glamour Steps", Hollywood Reporter, 1934 yil 31-yanvar, 4-bet
  93. ^ "Gorni-Xartman to'plami", Hollywood Reporter, 1934 yil 18-may, 4-bet
  94. ^ Film Herald, 1934 yil 11-avgust, 34-bet
  95. ^ a b "Yangi Shorts seriyasini rejalashtirmoqda", Har kungi kinofilm, 1934 yil 26-dekabr, 7-bet
  96. ^ a b "Lotlardan kichkina", Kundalik film, 1935 yil 22-yanvar, 3-bet
  97. ^ "Kelajakda musiqiy ketma-ketlikni rangda ko'radi", Film Herald, 1935 yil 30 mart, p56
  98. ^ "Kun yangiliklari", Kundalik film, 1935 yil 23-may, 4-bet
  99. ^ "Yangi rasmlarning sharhlari", Kundalik film, 1935 yil 1-iyun, 4-bet
  100. ^ "Çingene kechasi", Turli xillik, 1935 yil 6-noyabr, 20-bet
  101. ^ "Shaxsiy" Har kungi kinofilm, 1935 yil 19-noyabr, 2-bet
  102. ^ "Broadway", Turli xillik, 1935 yil 20-noyabr, 68-bet
  103. ^ a b "Ammo Xudoning marhamati uchun", Internet Broadway ma'lumotlar bazasi
  104. ^ a b v "Leopold Lourens Atlasning guvohligi", Tinglashlar, 1953 yil 12-mart
  105. ^ Montana standarti, 21 avgust 1938 yil
  106. ^ a b Ogden standart imtihonchisi, 1938 yil 20-avgust, 2-bet
  107. ^ Xavfli teatr: Federal teatr loyihasi yangi spektakllar forumi sifatida, Jorj Kazakoff, Xlibris korporatsiyasi, 2011 yil
  108. ^ a b "Kechki ovqat uchun qo'shiq", Internet Broadway ma'lumotlar bazasi
  109. ^ Harold Xext armiyasini ro'yxatdan o'tkazish to'g'risidagi yozuv
  110. ^ Garold Xaxt kuni IMDb
  111. ^ a b v "Edit Barret ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob, 1947, p491
  112. ^ Indianapolis yulduzi, 1967 yil 23-may, 14-bet
  113. ^ Burt Lancaster Broadway Credits, IBDB
  114. ^ a b v Tennessi, 1955 yil 22-may, 63-bet
  115. ^ a b Burt Lankaster - Amerikalik hayot, Kate Buford, Da Capo nashriyoti, 2000 yil
  116. ^ a b v Arizona Respublikasi, 1956 yil 24-iyun, 42-bet
  117. ^ a b Ajoyib ettilik, Brayan Xannan, p247
  118. ^ "Roman Bohnen ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob 1948
  119. ^ Billboard, 1947 yil 15-noyabr, 67-bet
  120. ^ "Gollivud", Turli xillik, 1947 yil 21-may, 63-bet
  121. ^ "Akademiyaga 18 ta qo'shildi", Teatr kassasi, 1952 yil 20-dekabr, p56
  122. ^ a b Milliy filmlarni himoya qilish kengashi, filmlar ro'yxati
  123. ^ Kanzas-Siti sahna san'ati
  124. ^ "SPGga a'zolik hamma vaqt eng yuqori darajada", Har kungi kinofilm, 1956 yil 13-iyun, 2-bet
  125. ^ Alohida jadvallar, Internet Broadway ma'lumotlar bazasi
  126. ^ "Buzzell Hecht & Lancaster bilan aloqalar", Billboard, 1957 yil 16 mart, 8-bet
  127. ^ "Yangi pop-rekordlar haqida sharhlar", Billboard, 1958 yil 24-noyabr, 42-bet
  128. ^ "Issiq 100", Billboard, 1959 yil 26-yanvar, 40-bet
  129. ^ "AQShda eng ko'p sotilgan varaqali musiqa", Billboard, 1959 yil 16 mart, 44-bet
  130. ^ "Xuddi shu siltash uchun 2 ta musiqiy film", Billboard, 1957 yil 17-iyun, 29-bet
  131. ^ "Decca debyutining ikki tomonlama xususiyati", Billboard, 1957 yil 1-iyul, 25-bet
  132. ^ a b Pitsburg Post-Gazette, 9 iyun 1959 yil, 22-bet
  133. ^ "Studio Boss iste'foga chiqdi", Gazeta va Daily, 1959 yil 18-may, 25-bet
  134. ^ a b "Garold Xex o'zining birinchi yakka filmini rejalashtirmoqda" Teatr kassasi, 1959 yil 11-may, 18-bet
  135. ^ "Alan Pakula Mirisch Co. uchun seriyalar ishlab chiqaradi", Teatr kassasi, 1959 yil 15-iyun, 17-bet
  136. ^ "Oldindan sotilgan xususiyatlar", Teatr kassasi, 1960 yil 25-iyul
  137. ^ "Lana uchun juda yaxshi", Miluoki Sentinel, 1959 yil 30-iyun, 22-bet
  138. ^ a b "H-H-L xayrlashdi, ammo ikkitasi keladi", Filmlar va suratga olish, 1959 yil sentyabr, p271
  139. ^ "1960 yilda Oyning 2-da UA Blockbuster-ning tezligi", Teatr kassasi 1960 yil 1 fevral, 5-bet
  140. ^ "Xekt-Kolumbiya muomalasi", Teatr kassasi, 1962 yil 12-noyabr, pW1
  141. ^ "Mushuk Ballou-da mast qurol-yarog 'atrofida sekund qurish kerak", Vodiy yangiliklari, 1965 yil 17-avgust, 16-bet
  142. ^ "UA yuqori byudjetli filmlarga e'tibor qaratadi", Teatr kassasi, 1955 yil 15 oktyabr, 14-bet
  143. ^ Pitsburg matbuoti, 1959 yil 25 mart, 13-bet
  144. ^ "Columbia's 83-Film Production Slate" Teatr kassasi, 1966 yil 3-yanvar, 6-bet]
  145. ^ "Dik Van Deyk filmda rol o'ynaydi", Daily Intelligencer, 1967 yil 10-iyun, 5-bet
  146. ^ Ottava jurnali, 1967 yil 8-iyul, 2-bet
  147. ^ "Dik Van Deyk, darajali boshli maydon, qiyalikdagi narsalarni ko'rmoqda", Chicago Tribune, 1967 yil 11-iyun
  148. ^ Ulzananing reydi, IMDB
  149. ^ "G'arbiy kino saytlarini qidirishda", Carlo Gaberscek, Kenny Stier
  150. ^ "Nikohlar", Turli xillik, 1947 yil 5-noyabr, p56
  151. ^ a b "Ajralish berildi" Asalarilar, 1961 yil 29-iyun, 17-bet]
  152. ^ "Odamlar", Pitsburg matbuoti, 1961 yil 29-iyun, 2-bet
  153. ^ "Prodyuser sudga chiqdi", Janubi-sharqiy Missuriya, 1960 yil 26-avgust, 2-bet
  154. ^ a b Vinsent van Gogh kim oshdi savdosi, 2013 yil
  155. ^ "Van Gogh kim oshdi savdosi". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2016 yil 25 iyunda. Olingan 23 may, 2016.
  156. ^ a b v "Xekt va Xekt"., AQSh qonunlari, 1968 yil 18-yanvar
  157. ^ Santa Kruz Sentinel, 18 sentyabr 1974 yil, 30-bet
  158. ^ "Yordamni to'lashga buyurtma berildi", Livan Daily News, 1974 yil 20-noyabr, 36-bet
  159. ^ "Xarold Xext", So Cal yahudiy sport shon-sharaf zali
  160. ^ "Xarold Xext", Mukofotlar va g'oliblar
  161. ^ "Hechts uchun o'g'il", Teatr kassasi, 1965 yil 16-avgust
  162. ^ "Adam Xech", Hal qilinmadi
  163. ^ "Ochilmagan sirlar". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013 yil 29 oktyabrda. Olingan 3 avgust, 2012.
  164. ^ "Charley Project". Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2013 yil 10 martda. Olingan 3 avgust, 2012.
  165. ^ "Roman Bohnen ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob 1948, p531
  166. ^ "Fil Braun ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob 1948, p533
  167. ^ "Bizning darvozamiz ichida: Amerika badiiy filmlaridagi millat", Alan Gevinson, p645
  168. ^ "Deniel Fyugning sud jarayoni suddan tashqarida hal qilindi", Teatr kassasi, 1959 yil 11-may, 44-bet
  169. ^ "Danielle Gaubert imzolandi", Teatr kassasi, 1962 yil 17-dekabr, pSE5
  170. ^ "Kristin Kaufman Garold Xekt paktiga imzo chekdi", Teatr kassasi, 1962 yil 19 mart, pW1
  171. ^ "Burt Lankaster ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob, 1947, p525
  172. ^ "Isobel Lennartning guvohligi", Tinglashlar, 1955 yil 20-may
  173. ^ "Frensis McDonald ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob 1948, p566
  174. ^ "Karen Morli ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob, 1947, p535
  175. ^ "Frensis Raffertining ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob, 1947, p541
  176. ^ "Art Smith ro'yxati", Kundalik yillik kitob 1948, p582
  177. ^ Teatr kassasi, 1962 yil 29 oktyabr, pW1

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