Kari Grant - Cary Grant

Ovoz murabbiyi va teleboshlovchi uchun qarang Kerri Grant.

Grantning reklama fotosurati Shubha (1941)

Kari Grant (tug'ilgan Archibald Alec Leach; 1904 yil 18-yanvar - 1986-yil 29-noyabr) ingliz tug'ilgan amerikalik aktyor klassik Gollivud aniq etakchi erkaklar. U tanilgan transatlantik aksan, axloqsizlik, aktyorlikka yengil qarash va hissiyot kulgili vaqt.

Grant tug'ilgan Xorfild, Bristol, Angliya. U teatrga yoshligida tashrif buyurganida jalb qilingan Bristol gipodromi.[1] 16 yoshida u AQShga gastrol safari uchun Pender truppasi bilan sahna ijrochisi sifatida bordi. Nyu-York shahridagi bir qator muvaffaqiyatli chiqishlardan so'ng u o'sha erda qolishga qaror qildi.[2] U o'zi uchun nom yaratdi vedvil 20-asrning 20-yillarida va 1930-yillarning boshlarida Gollivudga ko'chib o'tishdan oldin AQShda gastrol safarlarida bo'lgan.

Dastlab Grant jinoyatchilik haqidagi filmlarda yoki dramalarda paydo bo'lgan Sariq Venera (1932) bilan Marlen Ditrix va U uni noto'g'ri qildi (1933) bilan Mae West, ammo keyinchalik uning romantik va vintbol kabi komediyalar Dahshatli haqiqat (1937) bilan Irene Dunne, Chaqaloqni tarbiyalash (1938) bilan Katarin Xepbern, Uning juma kuni qizi (1940) bilan Rozalind Rassel va Filadelfiya voqeasi (1940) Xepbern va Jeyms Styuart. Ushbu rasmlar tez-tez barcha zamonlarning eng yaxshi komediya filmlari orasida keltirilgan.[3] Ushbu davrda u ishtirok etgan boshqa taniqli filmlar sarguzasht edi Gunga Din (1939) va qorong'u komediya Arsenik va eski dantelli (1944). Kabi dramalarga o'tishni boshladi Faqat farishtalarning qanotlari bor (1939), Penny Serenade (1941) va Klifford Odets ' Yolg'iz yurakdan boshqa hech kim yo'q (1944); u nomzod edi Eng yaxshi aktyor uchun Oskar mukofoti oxirgi ikkitasi uchun.

1940-1950 yillarda Grant direktor bilan yaqin ish aloqalarini o'rnatdi Alfred Xitkok, taniqli aktyorlarni tanqidga sazovor bo'lgan filmlarga suratga olgan Shubha (1941), Mashhur (1946) va Shimoliy g'arbiy tomonidan (1959), shuningdek mashhur O'g'rini qo'lga olish uchun (1955). Suspens-dramalar Shubha va Mashhur ikkalasi ham Grant o'z qahramonlarida yanada qorong'i, noaniq tabiatni namoyish etgan. Karyera oxiriga kelib, Grant tanqidchilar tomonidan romantik etakchi odam sifatida maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi va u "Oltin globus" mukofotining "Eng yaxshi aktyor" nominatsiyasida beshta nominatsiyasini oldi, shu jumladan Yashirin (1958) bilan Ingrid Bergman, Minkning teginishi (1962) bilan Doris kuni va Charade (1963) bilan Audrey Xepbern. U tanqidchilar tomonidan g'ayrioddiy keng murojaatlari bilan o'zini juda jiddiy qabul qilmaydigan, komediyalarda o'z qadr-qimmati bilan to'liq qurbon bo'lmasdan o'ynay oladigan, xushmuomala aktyor sifatida esga olinadi.

Grant besh marta turmushga chiqdi, ulardan uchtasi aktrisalar bilan suhbatlashdi Virjiniya Cherril (1934–1935), Betsi Dreyk (1949-1962) va Dyan to'pi (1965-1968). U 1966 yilda kino aktyorligidan nafaqaga chiqqan va kosmetika firmasi vakili sifatida ko'plab biznes manfaatlarini ko'zlagan Faberge va taxtasida o'tirish Metro-Goldvin-Mayer. 1970 yilda unga do'sti tomonidan Faxriy Oskar topshirildi Frank Sinatra da 42-chi Oskar mukofotlari va unga rozi bo'lishdi Kennedi markazi faxriylari 1981 yilda. U besh yildan so'ng vafot etdi qon tomir yilda Davenport, Ayova. 1999 yilda Amerika kino instituti unga ism berdi ikkinchi eng katta erkak yulduz faqat Oltin asr Gollivud kinoteatrlari orqasida Xemfri Bogart.

Dastlabki hayot va ta'lim

Grant Archibald Alec Leach tug'ilgan[a] 1904 yil 18-yanvarda shimoldagi Xugenden yo'li 15-da Bristol shahar atrofi Xorfild.[7][5] U Elias Jeyms Lich (1872-1935) va Elsi Mariya Lich (Kingdon; 1877-1973) ning ikkinchi farzandi edi.[8] Otasi kiyim-kechak fabrikasida tikuvchi presschi, onasi esa tikuvchi bo'lib ishlagan.[9] Uning akasi Jon (1895 yoki 1899 (manbalar turlicha)[10] –1900) vafot etgan sil kasali meningit.[11] Grant o'zini qisman deb hisoblagan Yahudiy.[b] Uning baxtsiz tarbiyasi bor edi; otasi ichkilikboz edi[16] va uning onasi azob chekdi klinik depressiya.[17]

Uning bolaligida bunday shikastli bolalik bor edi, bu dahshatli edi. Men ko'chada ko'plab bolalar bilan ishlayman va oila buzilganida nima bo'lishi haqida juda ko'p hikoyalarni eshitganman - lekin u shunchaki dahshatli edi.

- Grantning rafiqasi Deyan Kannon bolaligida.[18]

Grantning onasi unga to'rt yoshida qo'shiq va raqsni o'rgatgan va u fortepianoda dars berishni juda xohlagan.[19] U vaqti-vaqti bilan uni tomoshalarini tomosha qiladigan kinoteatrga olib borardi Charli Chaplin, Chester Konklin, Yog'li Arbakl, Ford Sterling, Mack Swain va Bronxo Billi Anderson.[20] U yuborildi Bishop Road boshlang'ich maktabi, Bristol 4 yoshida edi.[21]

Grantning biografi Grem Makken uning onasi "qanday qilib mehr ko'rsatishni bilmasligini va uni qanday qabul qilishni ham bilmasligini" da'vo qildi.[22] Biograf Geoffrey Vansellning ta'kidlashicha, onasi Grantning ukasi Jonning o'limida o'zini achchiq ayblagan va u bundan aslo qutulmagan.[c] Grant onasi bilan bo'lgan salbiy tajribasi, keyinchalik hayotda ayollar bilan bo'lgan munosabatlariga ta'sir qilganini tan oldi.[23] U alkogol va tamakiga burishdi,[8] va kichik baxtsiz hodisalar uchun cho'ntak pulini kamaytiradi.[24] Grant unga nisbatan o'zini xatti-harakatini o'zini haddan ziyod himoyachisi deb bildi, chunki u xuddi Jon singari uni yo'qotib qo'yishdan qo'rqardi.[19]

Grant to'qqiz yoshida, otasi onasini joylashtirdi Glensid kasalxonasi, ruhiy muassasa va unga "uzoq ta'tilda" ketganini aytdi;[25] keyinchalik u vafot etganini e'lon qildi.[16] Grant onasidan, ayniqsa, oilani tark etgandan keyin, undan xafa bo'lib o'sgan. U ketganidan keyin Grant va uning otasi Bristoldagi buvisining uyiga ko'chib ketishdi.[26] Grant 10 yoshida, otasi yana turmushga chiqdi va yangi oila qurdi,[18] va Grant onasining 31 yoshigacha tirik ekanligini bilmagan;[27] otasi o'limidan sal oldin yolg'onni tan oldi.[18] Grant onasining muassasadan chiqib ketishi uchun 1935 yil iyun oyida, uning qaerdaligini bilganidan ko'p o'tmay, chora ko'rdi.[28] Filmni suratga olish ishlari tugagandan so'ng, u 1938 yil oktyabr oyida unga tashrif buyurgan Gunga Din.[29]

Grant teatrni, ayniqsa, Rojdestvoda otasi bilan birga qatnashadigan pantomimalarni yaxshi ko'rardi.[24] U "The Penders" yoki "Bob Pender Stage Troupup" nomi bilan tanilgan akrobatik raqqoslar truppasi bilan do'stlashdi.[30] Keyinchalik u qoq yuruvchi sifatida mashq qildi va ular bilan sayohat qilishni boshladi.[31] Jessi Laski o'sha paytda Broadway prodyuseri edi va u Grantning sahnada ijro etayotganini ko'rdi Qish bog'chasi teatri 1914 yil atrofida Berlinda.[32]

Feyrfild grammatika maktabi Grant 1915-1918 yillarda qatnashgan

1915 yilda Grant qatnashish uchun stipendiya yutdi Feyrfild grammatika maktabi Bristolda, garchi otasi forma uchun to'lashga arzimagan bo'lsa ham.[33] U aksariyat o'quv mavzularida juda qobiliyatli edi,[d] ammo u sportda, ayniqsa, juda yaxshi edi besh va uning tashqi qiyofasi va akrobatik iste'dodi uni qizlar va o'g'il bolalar orasida mashhur shaxsga aylantirdi.[35][36] U buzuqlik bilan obro'-e'tibor qozondi va tez-tez uy vazifasini bajarishdan bosh tortdi.[37] Sobiq sinfdoshi uni "mayda-chuyda bola" deb atagan bo'lsa, keksa o'qituvchi "har doim orqa qatorda shovqin ko'tarib yuradigan va hech qachon uy vazifasini bajarmaydigan yaramas bolakay" ni esladi.[35] U kechqurun Bristol teatrlarida sahna ortida ishlagan va sehrgarning yoritilishiga javobgar bo'lgan Devid Devant 1917 yilda Bristol imperiyasida 13 yoshida.[38] U har qanday imkoniyatdan teatrda sahna ortida osilishni boshladi,[34] va u yozda xabarchi yigit sifatida va harbiy dockda yo'lboshchi sifatida ishlashga ixtiyoriy ravishda qo'shildi Sautgempton, o'z uyidagi baxtsizlikdan qutulish uchun.[39] "Sautgempton" da o'tkazgan vaqti uning sayohat qilish istagini kuchaytirdi; u Bristolni tark etishni juda xohlardi va kema salonidagi bola sifatida imzo chekmoqchi edi, lekin u juda yosh edi.[40]

1918 yil 13 martda,[41] Grant Feyrfilddan chiqarib yuborildi.[42] Bir nechta tushuntirishlar berildi, shu jumladan, qizlar yuvinish xonasida topilgan[43] va boshqa ikki sinfdoshiga yaqin shaharchada o'g'irlikda yordam berish Almondsbury.[44] Vansellning ta'kidlashicha, Grant truppa bilan o'yin-kulgi bilan shug'ullanish uchun o'zini maktabdan haydash uchun qasddan yo'l olgan,[45] va u haydab chiqarilganidan uch kun o'tgach, Pender truppasiga qo'shildi. Uning otasi Sautgemptonda ish haqi yaxshiroq bo'lgan va Grantning haydab chiqarilishi mahalliy hokimiyatni nima uchun o'g'li Sautgemptonda otasi bilan emas, balki Bristolda yashashi haqida savollar bilan eshik oldida olib borgan. Keyin uning otasi Grant va Pender o'rtasida Grantning haftalik ish haqi, xona va ovqat, raqs saboqlari va 18 yoshga qadar o'z kasbiga oid boshqa mashg'ulotlar bilan birga shartnoma imzolagan. ish samaradorligi asosida ko'tariladi.[46]

Vaudevil va ijrochilik faoliyati

The Nyu-York gipodromi Grant ijro etgan joyda

Pender truppasi mamlakat bo'ylab gastrol safarlarini boshladi va Grant jismoniy aktyorlik mahoratini kengaytirish uchun pantomimada qobiliyatini rivojlantirdi.[45] Ular sayohat qildilar RMSOlimpiya o'yinlari 1920 yil 21 iyulda, 16 yoshida, bir hafta o'tib, Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlariga ekskursiya o'tkazish uchun.[2] Biograf Richard Shikel deb yozadi Duglas Feyrbanks va Meri Pikford ular xuddi o'sha kemada, asal oyidan qaytayotgan edilar va Grant u bilan shuffleboard o'ynadi. U Feyrbanksdan shunchalik taassurot qoldirdiki, u muhim namuna bo'ldi.[47] Nyu-Yorkka etib kelganidan so'ng guruh Nyu-York gipodromi bu o'sha paytda dunyodagi eng katta teatr bo'lib, 5697 tomoshabinga mo'ljallangan. Ular to'qqiz oy davomida u erda haftasiga 12 tomoshani namoyish etib, muvaffaqiyatli chiqishgan Yaxshi damlar.[48]

Stend-up komediya qilish juda qiyin. Vaqtingiz shoudan shouga va shahardan shaharga o'zgarishi kerak. Siz har doim tomoshabin va teatr hajmiga moslashasiz.

- Stend-up komediyasining granti.[49]

Grant uning bir qismiga aylandi vedvil kabi joylarda ijro etib, sayr qilishni boshladi Sent-Luis, Missuri, Klivlend va Miluoki,[50] va boshqa truppa Buyuk Britaniyaga qaytib kelganida u boshqa bir nechta a'zolari bilan AQShda qolishga qaror qildi.[51] U sevib qoldi Birodarlar Marks ushbu davrda va Zeppo Marks uning uchun dastlabki o'rnak edi.[52] 1922 yil iyulda u "Knockabout Comedians" deb nomlangan guruhda ijro etdi Saroy teatri Brodveyda.[50] U o'sha yozda Pender truppasining bir necha sobiq a'zolari bilan "The Walking Stanleys" deb nomlangan yana bir guruh tuzdi va u yil oxiriga qadar Gippodromda "Better Times" nomli estrada shousida rol o'ynadi.[53] U bir mehmonda Jorj C. Tilyu bilan uchrashdi Qarama-qarshi park yugurish poygasi Koni oroli.[50] Tilyu uni yolg'on ustidagi palto va a kiyib, u erda ustunlarda paydo bo'lish va ko'pchilikni jalb qilish uchun yolladi sendvich taxta poyga-trekni reklama qilgan.[52]

The Kazino teatri Broadway va 39-chi ko'chada, Grant Shubertda paydo bo'lgan Boom-Boom

Grant keyingi ikki yilni "Yuradigan Stenlilar" bilan Qo'shma Shtatlarni aylanib chiqdi. U birinchi marta 1924 yilda Los-Anjelesga tashrif buyurdi, bu unga taassurot qoldirdi.[50] Guruh tarqalib ketdi va u Nyu-Yorkka qaytib keldi, u erda G'arbiy 46-chi ko'chada joylashgan Milliy Vaudeville Artists Club-da hokkabozlik, akrobatika va komik eskizlarni ijro etishda va "Kauchuk oyoqlar" nomi bilan tanilgan velosiped chavandozi sifatida qisqa sehrni ijro etishni boshladi.[54] Ushbu tajriba ayniqsa talabchan edi, ammo Grantga keyinchalik kulgili texnikasini takomillashtirish va keyinchalik Gollivudda unga foyda keltiradigan qobiliyatlarni rivojlantirish imkoniyatini berdi.[55]

Grant etakchi odamga aylandi Jan Dalrimple va Vodvil bo'ylab sayohat qilishni boshlagan "Jek Janis kompaniyasi" ni tuzishga qaror qildi.[56] Bu davrda uni ba'zan avstraliyalik deb adashishgan va unga "kenguru" yoki "bumerang" laqabini berishgan.[57] Londonga "Pender" truppasi bilan ko'chib o'tish va Buyuk Britaniyada va AQShda ko'plab musiqa zallarida ishlash natijasida uning talaffuzi o'zgarganga o'xshaydi va oxir-oqibat "atama" ga aylandi transatlantik yoki o'rta atlantika aksenti.[58][e] 1927 yilda u Reggi Xammerstaynning musiqiy asarida avstraliyalik sifatida ishtirok etdi Oltin shafaq, buning uchun u haftasiga 75 dollar ishlab topdi.[61] Ushbu shou yaxshi kutib olinmadi, ammo 184 spektakl davom etdi va bir nechta tanqidchilar Grantni "yoqimli yangi balog'atga etmagan bola" yoki "vakolatli yangi kelgan" sifatida ko'rishni boshladilar.[61] Keyingi yili u qo'shildi Uilyam Morris agentligi va Hammerstayn tomonidan o'z o'yinida yana bir balog'atga etmagan qismni taklif qilishdi Polli, muvaffaqiyatsiz ishlab chiqarish.[62] Bir tanqidchining yozishicha, Grant "kuchli erkaklar fe'l-atvoriga ega, ammo afsuski, hisobning go'zalligini keltirolmayapti".[49] Vansellning ta'kidlashicha, muvaffaqiyatsiz ishlab chiqarish bosimi uni xafa qila boshlagan va olti haftalik yomon sharhlardan so'ng u ishdan bo'shatilgan.[63] Omadsizlikka qaramay, Hammershteynning raqibi Florenz Zigfeld Grantning shartnomasini sotib olishga urinib ko'rdi, ammo Hammerstayn uni sotib yubordi Birodarlar Shubert o'rniga.[63] J. J. Shubert uni qarama-qarshi ispaniyalik rolida o'ynang Janet MakDonald frantsuz risqued komediyasida Boom-Boom Broadway-dagi kazino teatrida, 1929 yil 28-yanvarda premerasi bo'lib o'tgan.[64] Keyinchalik Makdonald Grant "bu rolda o'ta dahshatli" bo'lganini tan oldi, ammo u o'zining jozibasini namoyish etdi, uni odamlarga yoqtirdi va shouni muvaffaqiyatsizlikdan saqlab qoldi.[63] Spektakl 72 tomoshada namoyish etilgan va Grant Detroytga, keyin Chikagoga ko'chishdan oldin haftasiga 350 dollar ishlab topgan.[65][f]

1930 yilda grant

O'ziga tasalli berish uchun Grant 1927 yilni sotib oldi Packard fayton.[63] U o'zining ukasi Erikni Angliyaga tashrif buyurdi va u Shubertning filmida Maks Grunewald rolini ijro etish uchun Nyu-Yorkka qaytib keldi. Ajoyib kecha.[66] 1929 yil 31 oktyabrda, ikki kundan keyin Majestic Teatrida premyera qilindi Wall Street halokati, va 1930 yil fevralgacha 125 namoyishi bilan davom etdi.[67] Asarga turli xil baho berilgan; tanqidchilardan biri uning aktyorligini tanqid qilib, uni "aralashmaga" o'xshatgan John Barrymore va kokni ", boshqasi esa rolga" elfin Broadway nafasini "olib kelganini e'lon qildi.[68] Teatrda, yo'lda va Nyu-Yorkda "har xil jozibali qizlarning qurshovida" ko'p yillar o'tgandan keyin ham "ular bilan hech qachon to'liq muloqot qila olmasligini" ta'kidlab, Grant hali ham ayollar bilan munosabatlarni o'rnatish qiyin bo'lgan.[69]

1930 yilda Grant musiqiy asarda to'qqiz oy gastrolda bo'ldi Ko'cha qo'shiqchisi.[70] Bu 1931 yil boshida tugadi va Shuberts uni yozda sahnada ijro etishga taklif qildi Muni yilda Sent-Luis, Missuri; u 87 ta shou qo'yib, 12 xil prodyuserda qatnashgan.[71][g] U ushbu chiqishlari uchun mahalliy gazetalardan maqtovga sazovor bo'lib, romantik etakchi odam sifatida obro'-e'tibor qozondi.[70] Ushbu davrda uning aktyorligiga sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatildi Jerald du Maurier, A. E. Metyus, Jek Byukenen va Ronald Skvayr.[73] U aktyorlikka "yoqish va qoyil qolish uchun juda katta ehtiyoj" tufayli jalb qilinganligini tan oldi.[8] Oxir-oqibat u Shuberts tomonidan ishdan bo'shatildi, yozgi mavsum oxirida depressiya sababli moliyaviy qiyinchiliklar tufayli ish haqini kamaytirishni rad etdi.[69] Ammo uning ishsizligi qisqa umr ko'rdi; impresario Uilyam B. Fridlander unga musiqiy asarida etakchi romantik qismni taklif qildi NikkiVa Grant qarama-qarshi rol o'ynadi Fay Wray Birinchi jahon urushidan keyingi Frantsiyada askar sifatida. 1931 yil 29 sentyabrda Nyu-Yorkda ishlab chiqarish ochilgan, ammo Depressiya ta'siri tufayli atigi 39 tomoshadan so'ng to'xtatilgan.[69]

Kino karerasi

Shuningdek qarang: Kari Grant ekranda, sahnada va radioda

Dastlabki rollar (1932-1936)

Bilan Roland Yang (to'g'ri), Lili Damita (markaz) va Charli Ragls (juda chapda) debyut filmida Bu Kecha (1932)

Grantning roli Nikki tomonidan maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi Ed Sallivan ning Nyu-York Daily News, "Angliyadan kelgan yosh yigit" "filmlarda katta kelajakka ega" ekanligini ta'kidladi.[74] Ko'rib chiqish Paramount Publix tomonidan yana bir ekran sinovini o'tkazdi, natijada dengizchi sifatida paydo bo'ldi Singapur Syu (1931),[75] tomonidan o'n daqiqali qisqa metrajli film Keysi Robinson.[74] Makkenning so'zlariga ko'ra Grant "hech qanday ishonchsiz" o'z satrlarini taqdim etdi.[h] Robinson orqali Grant uchrashdi Jessi L. Laski va B. P. Shulberg, hammuassisi va bosh menejeri Paramount rasmlari navbati bilan.[77] Muvaffaqiyatli ekran sinovidan so'ng Marion Gering,[men] Shulberg 27 yoshli Grant bilan 1931 yil 7 dekabrda besh yilga shartnoma imzoladi,[78] boshlang'ich maoshi haftasiga 450 dollar.[79] Shulberg undan o'z ismini "umuman amerikaliklarga o'xshab yangraydigan narsa" deb o'zgartirishni talab qildi Gari Kuper ", va ular oxir-oqibat Kari Grant bilan kelishib oldilar.[80][j]

Grant o'zini Makkenn "erkaklar glamurining timsoli" deb atashga intildi va Duglas Feyrbanksni o'zining birinchi o'rnakiga aylantirdi.[82] Makkenning ta'kidlashicha, Grantning Gollivuddagi karerasi darhol "asl jozibasi" ni namoyish qilganligi sababli ko'tarilgan va bu uning o'sha paytdagi boshqa yaxshi qiyofadagi aktyorlar orasida ajralib turishiga olib kelgan va shu bilan uning embrional kariyerasini qo'llab-quvvatlashga tayyor odamlarni topish juda oson. ".[83] U o'zining badiiy filmidagi debyutini Frank Tuttle - yo'naltirilgan komediya Bu Kecha (1932), Olimpiya nayza uloqtirishda o'ynab Thelma Todd va Lili Damita.[84] Grant uning rolini yoqtirmadi va Gollivudni tark etish bilan tahdid qildi,[85] Ammo uning tanqidchisi ajablanib Turli xillik uning faoliyatini maqtadi va o'zini "potentsial femme rave" ga o'xshaydi deb o'ylardi.[86]

1932 yilda Grant aksincha boy pleyboy o'ynadi Marlen Ditrix yilda Sariq Venera, rejissor Yozef fon Sternberg. Grantning roli Uilyam Rotman tomonidan "romantik qahramon bo'lishga qodir odamni tanaga olishiga imkon beradigan" o'ziga xos bo'lmagan erkaklik "ni aks ettirish sifatida tasvirlangan.[87] Grant filmni suratga olish jarayonida rejissyor bilan ziddiyatga uchraganini va ikkalasi ko'pincha nemis tilida bahslashayotganini aniqladi.[88] U bir qator filmlarda suvey playboy turini o'ynagan: Xursandchilik bilan biz do'zaxga boramiz qarama-qarshi Fredrik Mart va Silviya Sidni, Iblis va chuqur Gari Kuper bilan birga, Charlz Loton va Tallula Bankxed, Issiq shanba qarama-qarshi Nensi Kerol va Randolf Skott,[89] va Madam Butterfly Sidney bilan.[90][91] Biograf Mark Eliotning so'zlariga ko'ra, ushbu filmlar Grantni yulduzga aylantirmagan bo'lsa-da, uni Gollivudning "tez o'sib borayotgan aktyorlarning yangi hosilasi" sifatida tanib olish uchun juda yaxshi ishladilar.[92]

Grant bilan Mae West yilda Men farishta emasman (1933)

1933 yilda Grant paydo bo'lganligi uchun e'tiborni tortdi Koddan oldingi filmlar U uni noto'g'ri qildi va Men farishta emasman qarama-qarshi Mae West.[k] Keyinchalik G'arb u Kari Grantni kashf etganini da'vo qiladi.[95][l] Pauline Kael Grant Najot armiyasining direktori sifatida o'z rolida ishonchli ko'rinmasligini ta'kidladi U uni noto'g'ri qildi, bu uni yanada jozibali qildi.[97][98] Film AQShda 2 million dollardan ko'proq pul ishlagan kassa xiti bo'ldi.[99] va shundan buyon katta olqishlarga sazovor bo'ldi.[m] Uchun Men farishta emasman, Grantning maoshi haftasiga 450 dollardan 750 dollargacha oshirildi.[102] Film bundan ham muvaffaqiyatli bo'ldi U uni noto'g'ri qildiva Paramount-ni bankrotlikdan qutqardi;[102] Vermilye uni 30-yillarning eng yaxshi komediya filmlaridan biri sifatida keltiradi.[103]

Moliyaviy jihatdan muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lgan qator filmlardan so'ng, voqea sodir bo'lgan bolani yiqitgani uchun sudga beriladigan kompaniya prezidenti rollarini o'z ichiga olgan. Yomon bo'lish uchun tug'ilgan (1934) 20th Century Fox uchun,[n] kosmetik jarroh O'pish va bo'yanish (1934),[105] va qarama qarshi ko'r uchuvchi Mirna Loy yilda Zulmatda qanotlar (1935) va Cherrill bilan nikohidagi muammolar to'g'risidagi matbuot xabarlari,[o] Paramount Grant sarflanadigan degan xulosaga keldi.[106][p]

Grantning istiqbollari 1935 yilning ikkinchi yarmida, unga qarz berilganda paydo bo'ldi RKO rasmlari.[109] Ishlab chiqaruvchi Pandro Berman muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganida uni qabul qilishga rozi bo'ldi, chunki "Men u juda zo'r ishlarni qilganini ko'rgan edim va [Katarin] Xepbern uni ham xohlagan. "[110] Uning RKO bilan birinchi shov-shuvi, kirpikli firibgarni o'ynatgan Jorj Kukor "s Silviya Skarlett (1935), Xepbern bilan to'rt hamkorlikning birinchisi edi.[111][q] Tijorat muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lsa ham,[113] uning ustunligi tanqidchilar tomonidan yuqori baholandi,[114] va Grant har doim filmni karerasi uchun yutuq deb hisoblagan.[115] Paramount bilan shartnomasi 1936 yilda tugashi bilan To'y sovg'asi, Grant uni yangilamaslikka qaror qildi va ishlashni xohladi frilans. Grant Gollivudning birinchi mustaqil aktyori deb da'vo qildi va markaziy shartnomaning yo'qligi uning ish haqini har bir rasm uchun 300 ming dollarga oshirishga yordam berdi.[116] Uning erkin aktyor sifatida birinchi tashabbusi Ernest Baxtning ajoyib vazifasi (1936), Angliyada otib tashlangan.[115] Film a kassa bombasi va Grantni qarorini qayta ko'rib chiqishga undadi. Bilan muhim va tijorat muvaffaqiyat Suzi o'sha yili u qarama-qarshi frantsuz aviatsiyasini o'ynagan Jan Xarlou va Franchot ohang, unga RKO va. bilan qo'shma shartnomalar imzolashga olib keldi Columbia Pictures, unga aktyorlik uslubiga mos keladigan voqealarni tanlashga imkon berdi.[116] Uning Kolumbiyadagi shartnomasi ikki yil davomida to'rt filmdan iborat bitim bo'lib, unga dastlabki ikkitasi uchun har biri 50 ming dollar, qolganlari uchun har biri 75 ming dollar kafolat beradi.[117]

Gollivud yulduzligi va Oskarning tan olinishi (1937-1944)

1937 yilda Grant Columbia Pictures bilan tuzilgan shartnomaga binoan birinchi filmni boshladi, Oshiq bo'lganingizda, oxir-oqibat taniqli opera qo'shiqchisini tortib olgan boy amerikalik rassomni tasvirlash (Greys Mur ). Uning ijrosi tanqidchilar tomonidan ijobiy mulohazalarni oldi, Meyn Teyn Chicago Daily Tribune buni "uzoq vaqt davomida qilgan eng yaxshi ishi" deb ta'riflagan.[118] Ikkinchi RKO korxonasidagi tijorat muvaffaqiyatsizligidan keyin Nyu-York tosti,[119][120] Grant qarzga berildi Hal Roach uchun studiya Topper, a vidbolli komediya tomonidan tarqatilgan film MGM, bu uning birinchi yirik komediya muvaffaqiyatiga aylandi.[121] Grant boy, erkin fikr yuritadigan turmush qurgan juftlikning yarmini o'ynagan Konstans Bennet,[122] avtohalokatda vafot etganidan keyin ruhlar kabi dunyoga vayronagarchiliklar qilmoqda.[123] Topper tanqidchisi bilan yilning eng mashhur filmlaridan biriga aylandi Turli xillik Grant ham, Bennet ham "o'zlarining topshiriqlarini katta mahorat bilan bajarishlarini" ta'kidladilar.[124] Vermilye filmning muvaffaqiyatini Grantning rol o'ynashi uchun "mantiqiy tramplin" deb ta'rifladi Dahshatli haqiqat o'sha yili,[125] bilan yaratilgan birinchi filmi Irene Dunne va Ralf Bellami. Garchi direktor bo'lsa ham Leo Makkari xabarlarga ko'ra Grant yoqmagan,[126] uning rejissyorligini filmda namoyish qilib, rejissyorni masxara qilgan,[127] u Grantning kulgili iste'dodini tan oldi va uni o'z chizmalarini improvizatsiyalashga va vedvilda rivojlangan mahoratidan foydalanishga undadi.[126] Film tanqidiy va tijorat maqsadlarida muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va Grantni Gollivudning eng yaxshi yulduziga aylantirdi,[128] unga vintbol komediyalarida etakchi inson sifatida engil engil komediya sifatida ekran personajini o'rnatish.[129]

Xepbern va Grant Chaqaloqni tarbiyalash (1938)

Dahshatli haqiqat nima boshladi film tanqidchisi Benjamin Shvarts ning Atlantika keyinchalik Grant uchun "Amerika rasmlaridagi aktyor uchun eng ajoyib yugurish" deb nomlandi.[130] 1938 yilda u qarama-qarshi rol o'ynagan Katarin Xepbern vintbol komediyasida Chaqaloqni tarbiyalash, xususiyati qoplon Grant va Xepbern o'rtasida tez-tez janjal va og'zaki janjal.[131] Dastlab u o'z xarakterini qanday o'ynashni bilmayotgan edi, lekin rejissyor aytdi Xovard Xoks o'ylamoq Garold Lloyd.[132] Grantga kulgili sahnalarda, filmni tahrirlashda va Xepberni komediya san'atida tarbiyalashda ko'proq erkinlik berildi.[133] RKO uchun $ 350,000 dan ko'proq yo'qotishlariga qaramay,[134] film tanqidchilar tomonidan yuqori baholarga sazovor bo'ldi.[135] U yana Xepbern bilan romantik komediyada paydo bo'ldi Ta'til o'sha yilning oxirida, tijorat jihatdan yaxshi natija bermagan, shu paytgacha Xepbern "kassa zahari" deb hisoblangan.[136]

Bir qator tijorat muvaffaqiyatsizliklariga qaramay, Grant endi har qachongidan ham mashhur bo'lib, katta talabga ega edi.[137] Vermilyening so'zlariga ko'ra, 1939 yilda Grant kulgili ohanglar bilan bo'lsa-da, dramatikroq rollarni o'ynagan.[138] U qarshi tomonda ingliz armiyasi serjantini o'ynagan Duglas Feyrbanks kichik ichida Jorj Stivens - sarguzasht filmi Gunga Din, shahridagi harbiy stantsiyada joylashgan Hindiston.[139][r] Qarama-qarshi uchuvchi rollari Jan Artur va Rita Xeyvort Hawks-da Faqat farishtalarning qanotlari bor,[141] va boy er egasi Kerol Lombard yilda Faqat ism uchun ergashdi.[142]

1940 yilda Grant sobiq rafiqasi va sobiq jurnalist o'ynaganini bilgan jirkanch gazeta muharriri rolini o'ynadi Rozalind Rassel, komediyadagi sug'urta xodimiga uylanishdir Uning juma kuni qizi,[143] kuchli kimyoviy va Grant va Rassel o'rtasidagi "buyuk og'zaki atletizm" uchun maqtovga sazovor bo'ldi.[144][145][lar] Grant Irene Dunne bilan uchrashdi Mening sevimli xotinim, ko'ra "birinchi darajali komediya" Hayot jurnal,[146] bu 505,000 dollar foyda bilan RKO-ning yilning ikkinchi eng katta rasmiga aylandi.[147][t] Virginiyalik orqa o'rmonni o'ynaganidan keyin Amerika inqilobi - sozlash Virjiniyaning Xovardlari Makkenni Grantning eng yomon filmi va spektakli deb hisoblaydi,[149] uning yilning so'nggi filmi tanqidiy baholangan romantik komediyada edi Filadelfiya voqeasi, unda u Xepbern xarakterining sobiq erini o'ynagan.[150][151][152] Grant o'zining ishi shunchalik kuchli ediki, u Oskar mukofotiga sazovor bo'lmagani uchun achchiqlanib ketdi, ayniqsa uning bosh rol ijrochisi Xepbern va Jeyms Styuart, eng yaxshi aktyor nominatsiyasida Styuart g'olib bo'lgan nominatsiyalarni oldi.[153] Grant hazillashdi: "Akademiya meni jiddiy qabul qilishidan oldin, avval tishimni qoraytirishim kerak edi".[153] Kino tarixchisi Devid Tomson "noto'g'ri odam Oskarni qo'lga kiritdi" deb yozgan Filadelfiya voqeasi va "Grant Xepberndan undan yaxshi ko'rsatkichlarga ega bo'ldi (uzoq vaqt sherigi) Spenser Treysi har doim boshqargan. "[154] Styuartning "Oskar" ni qo'lga kiritishi o'tgan yil uchun "mukofotni o'g'irlab ketganligi uchun oltin bilan qoplangan kechirim" sifatida qabul qilindi Janob Smit Vashingtonga boradi.[155][156] Grant nomzodi ko'rsatilmayapti Uning juma kuni qizi o'sha yil ham Oskar uchun "e'tiborsizlik gunohi" hisoblanadi.[157]

Grant va Joan Fonteyn uchun reklama fotosuratida Shubha (1941)

Keyingi yil Grant uchun qabul qilindi Eng yaxshi aktyor uchun Oskar mukofoti uchun Penny Serenade - uning akademiyadan birinchi nominatsiyasi. Vansellning ta'kidlashicha, Grant filmni hissiy tuyg'u deb topgan, chunki u va kelajakdagi xotini Barbara Xatton o'z farzandlari borligini muhokama qila boshladilar.[158] Keyinchalik o'sha yili u romantik psixologik trillerda paydo bo'ldi Shubha, Grantning rejissyor bilan to'rt hamkorlikdan birinchisi Alfred Xitkok. Grant hammualliflik qilish uchun iliq bo'lmagan Joan Fonteyn, uni temperamentli va professional bo'lmagan deb topish.[159] Film tanqidchisi Bosley Crowther ning The New York Times Grant "roli talab qilganidek, g'azablantiradigan mas'uliyatsiz, bolalarcha gey va g'alati sirli" deb hisoblagan.[160] Keyinchalik Hitchcock, o'z joniga qasd qilish o'rniga Grant qamoqqa yuborilgan filmning oxiri "bu voqeani Keri Grant bilan qilganligi uchun to'liq xato. Agar sizda kinoya bilan yakun topmasangiz, u voqeani juda oddiy qiladi", deb aytdi.[161] Geoff Endryu Taym-aut; turib qolish; tanaffus ishonadi Shubha "Grantning bir vaqtning o'zida maftunkor va yomon bo'lish qobiliyatining yuqori namunasi" bo'lib xizmat qildi.[162]

1942 yilda Grant urush harakatlariga yordam berish guruhi tarkibida AQShda uch haftalik ekskursiyada qatnashdi va kasalxonada yarador dengiz piyodalariga tashrif buyurganida suratga tushdi. Ushbu namoyishlar paytida u o'zining odatiy tartiblarida paydo bo'lgan va aksincha to'g'ridan-to'g'ri odam o'ynagan Bert Lar.[163] 1942 yil may oyida o'n daqiqalik targ'ibot qisqa bo'ldi G'alaba sari yo'l chiqarildi, unda u yonida paydo bo'ldi Bing Krosbi, Frank Sinatra va Charlz Raggles.[164] Filmda Grant qochib ketgan mahkum Leopold Dilgni o'ynadi Shahar munozarasi (1942), o't qo'yishda va qotillikda ayblanib sudlanganidan keyin qochib ketgan. U Jan Artur va o'ynagan belgilar bilan uyda yashiringan Ronald Kolman va asta-sekin uning erkinligini ta'minlash uchun fitna uyushtiradi. Crowther ssenariyni yuqori baholadi va Grant Dilgni "beozorlik" bilan o'ynaganini ta'kidladi.[165] Qarama-qarshi xorijiy muxbir rolidan keyin Zanjabil Rojers va Valter Slezak off-beat komediyasida Bir marta asal oyiga,[166] unda Rojers bilan sahnalari uchun maqtovga sazovor bo'lgan,[167] u paydo bo'ldi Janob Lucky keyingi yil kemada bir kazinoda qimor o'ynab.[168] Tijorat jihatdan muvaffaqiyatli dengiz osti urush filmi Belgilangan joy Tokio (1943) sentyabr va oktyabr oylarida atigi olti hafta ichida otib tashlandi, bu esa uni charchatdi;[169] sharhlovchi Newsweek bu uning karerasidagi eng yaxshi ko'rsatkichlaridan biri deb o'ylardi.[170]

1944 yilda Grant birga rol ijro etdi Priskilla-Leyn, Raymond Massey va Piter Lorre,[171] yilda Frank Kapra qorong'u komediya Arsenik va eski dantelli Ikki qotil xola va o'zlarini Prezident Teddi Ruzvelt deb da'vo qilayotgan amakini o'z ichiga olgan g'alati oilaga mansub manikyur Mortimer Brewsterni o'ynash.[172] Dastlab u taklif qilinganidan keyin Grant rolni egalladi Bob umid, jadvalning ziddiyatlari tufayli kim buni rad etdi.[173][174] Grant filmning makabra mavzusiga qarshi chiqish qiyin deb topdi va bu uning karerasidagi eng yomon ko'rsatkich ekanligiga ishondi.[175] O'sha yili u roli uchun ikkinchi Oskar nomzodini oldi, aksincha Ethel Barrymore va Barri Fitsjerald ichida Klifford Odets - yo'naltirilgan film Yolg'iz yurakdan boshqa hech kim yo'q, Depressiya paytida Londonda o'rnatilgan.[176] Yil oxirida u CBS radiosida namoyish etildi To'siq, uning amneziyasi jamiyatdagi erkaklar tartibiga ta'sir qilganini isterik ravishda aniqlagan qiynoqqa solingan belgini ijro etish Qora parda.[177]

Urushdan keyingi muvaffaqiyat va tanazzul (1946–1954)

Bilan Ingrid Bergman yilda Mashhur (1946)

Qarama-qarshi qisqa epizodik ko'rinishdan so'ng Klodet Kolbert yilda Bandlovsiz (1946),[178] Grant tasvirlangan Koul Porter musiqiy asarda Kecha va kunduz (1946).[179] Ishlab chiqarish muammoli bo'lib chiqdi, aksariyat sahnalar ko'pincha bir nechta tomoshalarni talab qilib, aktyorlar va ekipajni xafa qildi.[179] Grant keyingi bilan paydo bo'ldi Ingrid Bergman va Klod yomg'ir Hitchcock tomonidan suratga olingan filmda Mashhur (1946), Ikkinchi Jahon Urushidan keyin Braziliyadagi fashistlar tashkilotiga kirib borish uchun sudlangan fashistlar ayg'oqchisining (Bergman) amerikalik qizini yollagan hukumat agenti rolida.[180] Film davomida Grant va Bergmanning qahramonlari bir-biriga muhabbat qo'yishadi va ikki yarim daqiqada kino tarixidagi eng uzun o'pishlaridan birini baham ko'rishadi.[181][182] Vansell Grantning ijrosi "keyingi yillarda uning ekran aktyori sifatidagi noyob fazilatlari qay darajada rivojlanganligini ta'kidlaganini" ta'kidlaydi Dahshatli haqiqat".[183]

1947 yilda Grant hujumda ayblanib sud ishiga aralashadigan rassomning rolini ijro etdi Bakalavr va Bobbi-Sokser (Buyuk Britaniyada "bakalavr ritsari" nomi bilan chiqarilgan), aksincha Mirna Loy va Shirli ibodatxonasi.[184][185] Film tanqidchilar tomonidan yuqori baholandi, ular rasmning slapstick fazilatlari va Grant va Loy o'rtasidagi kimyoga qoyil qolishdi;[186] o'sha yili kassalarda eng ko'p sotilgan filmlardan biriga aylandi.[187] Keyinchalik o'sha yili u aksincha rol o'ynadi Devid Niven va Loretta Young komediyada Yepiskopning rafiqasi, episkop (Niven) va uning rafiqasi (Loretta Young) o'rtasidagi munosabatlarni to'g'rilash uchun osmondan tushirilgan farishtani o'ynash.[188] Film katta tijorat va tanqidiy muvaffaqiyatga erishdi va beshta Oskar mukofotiga nomzod bo'ldi.[189] Hayot jurnal uni "aql bilan yozilgan va malakali harakat qilgan" deb nomlagan.[188] Keyingi yil Grant komediyadagi titul uchun nevrotik Jim Blandings rolini o'ynadi Janob Blandings o'zining orzu uyini qurmoqda, yana Loy bilan. Film RKO uchun pul yo'qotgan bo'lsa ham,[190] Filipp T. Xartung ning Commonweal Grantning "ko'ngli qolgan reklama odami" rolini uning eng yaxshi ekran tasvirlaridan biri deb o'ylardi.[191] Yilda Har bir qiz turmushga chiqishi kerak, "havodor komediya", u Betsi Dreyk va Franchot ohang, Dreykning uyg'un xarakteri bilan nikoh tuzog'iga tushib qolgan bakalavrni o'ynash.[192] U yilni kassalarda eng mashhur to'rtinchi yulduz sifatida yakunladi.[193]

Grant ayol bilan kiyingan Ann Sheridan yilda Men urush uchun erkak kelin edim (1949)

1949 yilda Grant birga rol ijro etdi Ann Sheridan komediyada Men urush uchun erkak kelin edim unda u ayol qiyofasida, yubka va parik kiygan sahnalarda paydo bo'ldi.[194] Suratga olish jarayonida u yuqumli kasallikka chalingan gepatit va vazn yo'qotdi, bu uning rasmdagi ko'rinishiga ta'sir qildi.[195] Film muvaffaqiyatli bo'lib, o'sha yili "20th Century Fox" filmi uchun 4,5 million dollardan ko'proq mablag 'olgan va "Xoks" ning 1930-yillarning oxiridagi vintli komediyalariga o'xshatilgan eng ko'p daromad keltirgan filmga aylandi.[187] Shu paytgacha u eng ko'p maosh oladigan Gollivud yulduzlaridan biri bo'lib, har bir rasm uchun 300 ming dollarni tashkil etdi.[196]

1950-yillarning boshlari Grantning karerasida tanazzul boshlandi.[197][198] Lotin Amerikasi mamlakatlarida achchiq inqilob o'rtasida qolib ketgan eng yaxshi miya jarrohi sifatida uning rollari Inqiroz,[199] va qarama-qarshi tibbiyot fakulteti professori va orkestri dirijyori sifatida Jeanne Crain yilda Odamlar gaplashadi yomon qabul qilindi.[200][201] Grant yigirma yildan so'ng muvaffaqiyatli, badavlat va mashhur bo'lishdan Kari Grant bo'lishdan charchagan va shunday dedi: "O'zingizni o'ynash uchun to'g'ri o'zini o'zi, bu dunyodagi eng qiyin narsa ".[202] 1952 yilda Grant komediyada rol o'ynadi Yana bir kishi uchun xona, xotini bilan birga bo'lgan muhandis erni o'ynash (Betsi Dreyk ) bolalar uyidan ikkita bolani asrab olish.[203][204] U off-beat komediyasini suratga olish uchun Xovard Xoks bilan birlashdi Maymun biznesi, birgalikda rol ijro etgan Ginger Rogers va Merilin Monro.[205] Garchi tanqidchi Film Herald Grant Rojersga mos keladigan "g'ayrioddiy va epchil ishlash" bilan karerasini eng yaxshi deb ataganini shoshma-shosharlik bilan yozdi.[206] umuman olganda aralash qabul qilindi.[u] Grant qarama-qarshi rol o'ynaydi deb umid qilgan edi Debora Kerr romantik komediyada Dream xotin kariyerasini qutqaradi,[197] ammo bu 1953 yil iyulda chiqarilgandan so'ng juda muhim va moliyaviy muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan edi Yulduz tug'iladi, Grant o'zining kino karerasi tugaganiga ishondi va qisqa vaqt ichida sohani tark etdi.[208]

Romantik etakchi odam va yakuniy rollar (1955-1966)

Grant bilan Greys Kelli yilda O'g'rini qo'lga olish uchun (1955)

1955 yilda Grant qarama-qarshi yulduzga rozi bo'ldi Greys Kelli yilda O'g'rini qo'lga olish uchun, "Mushuk" laqabli iste'fodagi marvarid o'g'ri o'ynab Frantsiya Rivierasi.[209] Grant va Kelli ishlab chiqarish jarayonida birgalikda yaxshi ishlashdi, bu Grantning karerasidagi eng yoqimli tajribalardan biri edi. U Hitchcock va Kellyni juda professional deb topdi,[210] Keyinchalik esa Kelli "ehtimol men bilan birga ishlagan eng yaxshi aktrisa" ekanligini aytdi.[211][v] Grant studiya shartnomasini uzaytirmasdan mustaqillikka erishgan birinchi aktyorlardan biri edi,[212] samarali tark etish studiya tizimi bu deyarli aktyor hayotining barcha jabhalarini boshqargan.[213] U qaysi filmlarda suratga tushishga qaror qildi, ko'pincha rejissyorlar va sheriklarning shaxsiy tanloviga ega edi va ba'zida yalpi daromadning ulushi to'g'risida muzokaralar olib borardi, bu o'sha paytda juda kam uchraydigan narsa edi.[214] Grant yutuqlarning 10 foizi uchun 700 ming dollardan ko'proq pul oldi O'g'rini qo'lga olish uchun, Hitchcock esa uni boshqargani va ishlab chiqargani uchun 50 ming dollardan kam olgan.[215] Garchi umumiy filmni tanqidiy qabul qilish aralashgan bo'lsa-da, Grant uning ijrosi uchun yuqori bahoga sazovor bo'ldi, tanqidchilar uning filmdagi chiroyli va chiroyli qiyofasini sharhladilar.[214]

Hali ham Grantning reklama aktsiyasi Yashirin (1958)

1957 yilda Grant Kerr bilan romantikada rol o'ynagan Yodingizda bo'ladigan ish, uning mehr-muhabbatining ob'ekti bo'lgan xalqaro pleyboy o'ynash. Shikel filmni davrning aniq romantik rasmlaridan biri deb biladi, ammo Grant filmning "jo'shqin sentimentalligi" ni almashtirishga urinishda umuman omadli emasligini ta'kidlaydi.[216] O'sha yili Grant ham aksincha paydo bo'ldi Sofiya Loren yilda Mag'rurlik va ehtiros. U o'ynashga qiziqishini bildirgan edi Uilyam Xolden ning xarakteri Kvay daryosidagi ko'prik o'sha paytda, lekin uning sadoqati tufayli buning iloji yo'qligini aniqladi Mag'rurlik va ehtiros.[217] Film Ispaniyada joylashgan joyda suratga olingan va muammoli bo'lib, u bilan birgalikda rol ijro etgan Frank Sinatra hamkasblarini bezovta qilmoqda va bir necha haftadan so'ng ishlab chiqarishni tark etdi.[218] Grant filmni suratga olish paytida Loren bilan ishqiy munosabatda bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, Grantning Lorenni ishlab chiqarish paytida unga turmushga chiqishga urinishlari samarasiz bo'lib chiqdi,[w] Paramount uni qarama-qarshi tomonga tashlaganida, bu unga g'azablanishiga olib keldi Uy qayig'i (1958) uning shartnomasi doirasida.[220] Ikkala o'rtasidagi jinsiy zo'riqish juda katta edi Uy qayig'i ishlab chiqaruvchilar buni deyarli imkonsiz deb topdilar.[219] Keyinchalik 1958 yilda Grant romantik komediyada Bergmanga qarshi rol o'ynadi Yashirin, o'zini taniqli aktrisa (Bergman) bilan ishqiy munosabatda bo'lgan muvaffaqiyatli moliyachi rolini o'ynab, o'zini turmush qurgan odam sifatida ko'rsatmoqda.[221] Filmni suratga olish paytida u yaqinroq do'stlik o'rnatdi va aktrisa sifatida unga yangi hurmat qozondi.[222] Shikel ushbu filmni, ehtimol, davrning eng yaxshi romantik komediya filmi deb o'ylaganini va Grantning o'zi bu filmni o'zining sevimlilaridan biri deb tan olganini aytdi.[223] Grant birinchi beshligini oldi "Oltin Globus" mukofoti eng yaxshi aktyor - musiqiy yoki komediya filmi uning ijrosi uchun nominatsiyalar va yilni kassadagi eng mashhur kino yulduzi sifatida yakunladi.[193]

Hosilni tozalash uchun grant Shimoliy g'arbiy tomonidan (1959)

1959 yilda Grant Hitchcock tomonidan suratga olingan filmda rol o'ynadi Shimoliy g'arbiy tomonidan, kimligi noto'g'ri bo'lgan taqdirda aralashib ketadigan reklama boshqaruvchisini o'ynash. Yoqdi Yashirin,[224][225] it was warmly received by the critics and was a major commercial success,[226]and is now often listed as one of the greatest films of all time.[x] Weiler, writing in The New York Times, praised Grant's performance, remarking that the actor "was never more at home than in this role of the advertising-man-on-the-lam" and handled the role "with professional aplomb and grace".[230] Grant wore one of his most iconic suits in the film which became very popular, a fourteen-gauge, mid-gray, worsted wool one custom-made on Savile Row.[231][232] Grant finished the year playing a U.S. Navy Rear Admiral aboard a submarine opposite Toni Kurtis komediyada Petticoat operatsiyasi.[233] The reviewer from Kundalik xilma-xillik saw Grant's comic portrayal as a classic example of how to attract the laughter of the audience without lines, remarking that "In this film, most of the gags play off him. It is his reaction, blank, startled, etc., always underplayed, that creates or releases the humor".[234] The film was major box office success, and in 1973, Deschner ranked the film as the highest earning film of Grant's career at the US box office, with takings of $9.5 million.[235]

In 1960, Grant appeared opposite Robert Mitchum, Jan Simmons and Deborah Kerr in The Grass Is Greener, which was shot in England at Osterley Park va Shepperton studiyasi.[236] McCann notes that Grant took great relish in "mocking his aristocratic character's over-refined tastes and mannerisms",[237] though the film was panned and was seen as his worst since Dream xotin.[238] In 1962, Grant starred in the romantic comedy Minkning teginishi, playing suave, wealthy businessman Philip Shayne romantically involved with an office worker, played by Doris kuni. He invites her to his apartment in Bermuda, but her guilty conscience begins to take hold.[239] The picture was praised by critics, and it received three Academy Award nominations, and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Comedy Picture,[240] in addition to another Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor.[241] Deschner ranked the film as the second highest grossing of Grant's career.[235]

Grant with Audrey Xepbern yilda Charade (1963)

Ishlab chiqaruvchilar Albert R. Brokkoli va Garri Saltzman originally sought Grant for the role of Jeyms Bond yilda Doktor Yo'q (1962) but discarded the idea as Grant would be committed to only one feature film; therefore, the producers decided to go after someone who could be part of a franchise.[242] In 1963, Grant appeared in his last typically suave, romantic role opposite Audrey Xepbern yilda Charade.[243] Grant found the experience of working with Hepburn "wonderful" and believed that their close relationship was clear on camera,[244] though according to Hepburn, he was particularly worried during the filming that he would be criticized for being far too old for her and seen as a "cradle snatcher".[245] Author Chris Barsanti writes: "It's the film's canny flirtatiousness that makes it such ingenious entertainment. Grant and Hepburn play off each other like the pros that they are".[246] The film, well received by the critics,[247] is often called "the best Hitchcock film Hitchcock never made".[248][249][250]

In 1964, Grant changed from his typically suave, distinguished screen persona to play a grizzled beachcomber Walter Eckland who is hired by a Commander (Trevor Xovard ) to serve as a lookout on Matalava Island for invading Japanese planes in the World War II romantic comedy, Father Goose.[251] The film was a major commercial success, and upon its release at Radio City at Christmas 1964 it took over $210,000 at the box-office in the first week, breaking the record set by Charade oldingi yil.[252] Grant's final film, Walk, Don't Run (1966), a comedy co-starring Jim Xatton va Samanta Eggar, was shot on location in Tokyo,[253] and is set amid the backdrop of the housing shortage of the 1964 yil Tokio Olimpiadasi.[254] Newsweek concluded: "Though Grant's personal presence is indispensable, the character he plays is almost wholly superfluous. Perhaps the inference to be taken is that a man in his 50s or 60s has no place in romantic comedy except as a catalyst. If so, the chemistry is wrong for everyone".[255] Hitchcock had asked Grant to star in Yirtilgan parda that year only to learn that he had decided to retire.[256]

Keyingi yillar

Grant in 1973 photographed by Allan Uorren

Grant retired from the screen at 62 when his daughter Jennifer Grant was born in order to focus on bringing her up and to provide a sense of permanence and stability in her life.[257] He had become increasingly disillusioned with cinema in the 1960s, rarely finding a script which he approved of. He remarked: "I could have gone on acting and playing a grandfather or a bum, but I discovered more important things in life".[258] He knew after he had made Charade that the "Golden Age" of Hollywood was over.[259] He expressed little interest in making a career comeback, and would respond to the suggestion with "fat chance".[260] He did, however, briefly appear in the audience of the video documentary for Elvis 's 1970 Las Vegas concert Elvis: That's the Way It Is.[261] He was given the negatives from a number of his films in the 1970s, and he sold them to television for a sum of over two million dollars in 1975.[262]

Morecambe and Stirling argue that Grant's abstinence from film after 1966 was not because he had "irrevocably turned his back on the film industry", but because he was "caught between a decision made and the temptation to eat a bit of humble pie and re-announce himself to the cinema-going public".[263] In the 1970s, MGM was keen on remaking Grand Hotel (1932) and hoped to lure Grant out of retirement. Hitchcock had long wanted to make a film based on the idea of Hamlet, with Grant in the lead role.[264] Grant stated that Uorren Bitti had made a big effort to get him to play the role of Mr. Jordan in Osmon kutishi mumkin (1978), which eventually went to James Mason.[211] Morecambe and Stirling claim that Grant had also expressed an interest in appearing in Sinfning teginishi (1973), Hukm (1982), and a film adaptation of Uilyam Goldman 's 1983 book about screenwriting, Adventures in the Screen Trade.[263]

Grant in the 1980s

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Grant became troubled by the deaths of many close friends, including Xovard Xyuz 1976 yilda, Xovard Xoks 1977 yilda, Lord Mountbatten and Barbara Hutton in 1979, Alfred Hitchcock in 1980, Grace Kelly and Ingrid Bergman in 1982, and Devid Niven in 1983. At the funeral of Mountbatten, he was quoted as remarking to a friend: "I'm absolutely pooped, and I'm so goddamned old…. I'm going to quit all next year. I'm going to lie in bed…. I shall just close all doors, turn off the telephone, and enjoy my life".[265] Grace Kelly's death was the hardest on him as it was unexpected, and the two had remained close friends after filming O'g'rini qo'lga olish uchun.[y] Grant visited Monaco three or four times each year during his retirement,[267] and showed his support for Kelly by joining the board of the Princess Grace Foundation.[266]

1980 yilda Los-Anjeles County San'at muzeyi put on a two-month retrospective of more than 40 of Grant's films.[268] In 1982, he was honored with the "Man of the Year" award by the Nyu-York Friars klubi da Waldorf-Astoria mehmonxonasi.[269] He turned 80 in 1984, and Piter Bogdanovich noticed that a "serenity" had come over him.[270] Grant was in good health until suffering a mild stroke in October that year.[271] In the last few years of his life, he undertook tours of the United States in the one-man show A Conversation with Cary Grant, in which he would show clips from his films and answer audience questions.[272][273] He made some 36 public appearances in his last four years, from New Jersey to Texas, and his audiences ranged from elderly film buffs to enthusiastic college students discovering his films for the first time. Grant admitted that the appearances were "ego-fodder", remarking that "I know who I am inside and outside, but it's nice to have the outside, at least, substantiated".[274]

Biznes manfaatlari

Grant in 1973

Stirling refers to Grant as "one of the shrewdest businessmen ever to operate in Hollywood".[275] His long-term friendship with Howard Hughes from the 1930s onward saw him invited into the most glamorous circles in Hollywood and their lavish parties.[276] Biographers Morecambe and Stirling state that Hughes played a major role in the development of Grant's business interests so that by 1939, he was "already an astute operator with various commercial interests".[277] Scott also played a role, encouraging Grant to invest his money in shares, making him a wealthy man by the end of the 1930s.[137] In the 1940s, Grant and Barbara Hutton invested heavily in real estate development in Akapulko at a time when it was little more than a fishing village,[278] and teamed up with Richard Vidmark, Roy Rojers va Qizil Skelton to buy a hotel there.[279] Behind his business interests was a particularly intelligent mind, to the point that his friend David Niven once said: "Before computers went into general release, Cary had one in his brain".[277] Film tanqidchisi Devid Tomson believes that Grant's intelligence came across on screen, and stated that "no one else looked so good and so intelligent at the same time".[280]

After Grant retired from the screen, he became more active in business. He accepted a position on the board of directors at Faberge.[281] This position was not honorary, as some had assumed; Grant regularly attended meetings and traveled internationally to support them.[282] His pay was modest in comparison to the millions of his film career, a salary of a reported $15,000 a year.[283] Such was Grant's influence on the company that George Barrie once claimed that Grant had played a role in the growth of the firm to annual revenues of about $50 million in 1968, a growth of nearly 80% since the inaugural year in 1964.[284] The position also permitted the use of a private plane, which Grant could use to fly to see his daughter wherever her mother, Dyan Cannon, was working.[285]

In 1975, Grant was an appointed director of MGM. In 1980, he sat on the board of MGM Films and MGM Grand Hotels following the division of the parent company. He played an active role in the promotion of MGM Grand Hotel in Las Vegas when opened in 1973, and he continued to promote the city throughout the 1970s.[286] Qachon Allan Uorren met Grant for a photo shoot that year he noticed how tired Grant looked, and his "slightly melancholic air".[287] Grant later joined the boards of Gollivud bog'i, the Academy of Magical Arts (The Magic Castle, Hollywood, California), and Western Airlines (acquired by Delta havo liniyalari 1987 yilda).[272]

Shaxsiy hayot

Grant in 1973

Grant became a Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining fuqaroligi on June 26, 1942, at which time he also legally changed his name to "Cary Grant".[288][289] At the time of his naturalization, he listed his middle name as "Alexander" rather than "Alec".[6]

One of the wealthiest stars in Hollywood, Grant owned houses in Beverli Xillz, Malibu va Palm Springs.[290] He was immaculate in his personal grooming, and Edit Xed, the renowned Hollywood costume designer, appreciated his "meticulous" attention to detail and considered him to have had the greatest fashion sense of any actor she had worked with.[291] McCann attributed his "almost obsessive maintenance" with tanning, which deepened the older he got,[292] to Douglas Fairbanks, who also had a major influence on his refined sense of dress.[293] McCann notes that because Grant came from a working-class background and was not well educated, he made a particular effort over the course of his career to mix with high society and absorb their knowledge, manners and etiquette to compensate and cover it up.[294] His image was meticulously crafted from the early days in Hollywood, where he would frequently sunbathe and avoid being photographed smoking, despite smoking two packs a day at the time.[295] Grant quit smoking in the early 1950s through gipnoz terapiyasi.[296] He remained health conscious, staying very trim and athletic even into his late career, though Grant admitted he "never crook[ed] a finger to keep fit".[297] He claimed that he did "everything in moderation. Except making love."[298]

Grant's daughter Jennifer stated that her father made hundreds of friends from all walks of life, and that their house was frequently visited by the likes of Frank and Barbara Sinatra, Kvinsi Jons, Gregori Pek va uning rafiqasi Veronique, Jonni Karson va uning rafiqasi, Kirk Kerkorian va Merv Griffin. She said that Grant and Sinatra were the closest of friends and that the two men had a similar radiance and "indefinable incandescence of charm", and were eternally "high on life".[299] While raising Jennifer, Grant archived artifacts of her childhood and adolescence in a bank-quality, room-sized vault he had installed in the house. Jennifer attributed this meticulous collection to the fact that artifacts of his own childhood had been destroyed during the Luftwaffe's bombing of Bristol in World War II (an event that also claimed the lives of his uncle, aunt, cousin, and the cousin's husband and grandson), and he may have wanted to prevent her from experiencing a similar loss.[300]

Grant and Randolph Scott (chapda) in 1933 (from Zamonaviy ekran promotional feature "The Modern Hostess")

Grant lived with actor Randolf Skott off and on for 12 years, which some claimed was a gay relationship.[301] The two met early on in Grant's career in 1932 at the Paramount studio when Scott was filming Sky Bride while Grant was shooting Sinners in the Sun, and moved in together soon afterwards.[302] Scott's biographer Robert Nott states that there is no evidence that Grant and Scott were homosexual, and blames rumors on material written about them in other books.[303] Grant's daughter, Jennifer, also denied the claims.[304] Qachon Chevy Chase joked on television in 1980 that Grant was a "homo. What a gal!", Grant sued him for slander, and Chase was forced to retract his words.[305] Grant became a fan of the comedians Morecambe va dono in the 1960s, and remained friends with Erik Morekamb until his death in 1984.[306]

Grant began experimenting with the drug LSD in the late 1950s,[307] before it became popular. His wife at the time, Betsy Drake, displayed a keen interest in psychotherapy, and through her Grant developed a considerable knowledge of the field of psixoanaliz. Radiologist Mortimer Hartman began treating him with LSD in the late 1950s, with Grant optimistic that the treatment could make him feel better about himself and rid of all of his inner turmoil stemming from his childhood and his failed relationships. He had an estimated 100 sessions over several years.[308] For a long time, Grant viewed the drug positively, and stated that it was the solution after many years of "searching for his peace of mind", and that for first time in his life he was "truly, deeply and honestly happy".[308] Dyan Cannon claimed during a court hearing that he was an "apostle of LSD", and that he was still taking the drug in 1967 as part of a remedy to save their relationship.[309] Grant later remarked that "taking LSD was an utterly foolish thing to do but I was a self-opinionated boor, hiding all kinds of layers and defences, hypocrisy and vanity. I had to get rid of them and wipe the slate clean."[310]

Aloqalar

Grant's second wife Barbara Xatton in May 1931

Grant was married five times.[311] He wed Virginia Cherrill on February 9, 1934, at the Kakton zali registry office in London.[312] She divorced him on March 26, 1935,[313] following charges that he had hit her.[314] The two were involved in a bitter divorce case which was widely reported in the press, with Cherrill demanding $1,000 a week from him in benefits from his Paramount earnings.[106] After the demise of the marriage, he dated actress Filis Bruks from 1937. They considered marriage and vacationed together in Europe in mid-1939, visiting the Roman villa of Dorothy di Frasso in Italy, but the relationship ended later that year.[315]

U turmushga chiqdi Barbara Xatton 1942 yilda,[316] one of the wealthiest women in the world following a $50 million inheritance from her grandfather Frank Uinfild Vulvort.[317] They were derisively nicknamed "Cash and Cary",[318] although Grant refused any financial settlement in a prenuptial agreement[319] to avoid the accusation that he married for money.[z] Towards the end of their marriage they lived in a white mansion at 10615 Bellagio Road in Bel Air.[321] They divorced in 1945, although they remained the "fondest of friends".[322] He dated Betty Hensel for a period,[323] then married Betsi Dreyk on December 25, 1949, the co-star of two of his films. This proved to be his longest marriage,[324] ending on August 14, 1962.[325]

Grant with Betsi Dreyk va saksafonchi Dick Stabile (o'ngda) 1955 yilda

Grant married Dyan to'pi on July 22, 1965, at Howard Hughes' Desert Inn Las-Vegasda,[326] and their daughter Jennifer was born on February 26, 1966, his only child;[327] he frequently called her his "best production".[328] He said of fatherhood:

My life changed the day Jennifer was born. I've come to think that the reason we're put on this earth is to procreate. To leave something behind. Not films, because you know that I don't think my films will last very long once I'm gone. But another human being. That's what's important.[329]

Grant and Cannon divorced in March 1968.[330]On March 12, he was involved in a car accident on Long Island when a truck hit the side of his limousine. Grant was hospitalized for 17 days with three broken ribs and bruising.[331]

Grant had a brief affair with actress Cynthia Bouron 1960-yillarning oxirlarida.[332] He had been at odds with the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences since 1958, but he was named as the recipient of an Academy Honorary Award in 1970.[333] Grant announced that he would attend the awards ceremony to accept his award, thus ending his 12-year boycott of the ceremony. Two days after this announcement, Bouron filed a paternity suit against him and publicly stated that he was the father of her seven-week-old daughter,[333][aa] and she named him as the father on the child's birth certificate.[335] Grant challenged her to a blood test and Bouron failed to provide one, and the court ordered her to remove his name from the certificate.[335][336][ab] Between 1973 and 1977, he dated British photojournalist Maureen Donaldson,[338] followed by the much younger Victoria Morgan.[339]

On April 11, 1981, Grant married Barbara Harris, a British hotel public relations agent who was 47 years his junior.[340] The two had met in 1976 at the Royal Lancaster Hotel in London where Harris was working at the time and Grant was attending a Fabergé conference. They became friends, but it was not until 1979 that she moved to live with him in California. Grant's friends felt that she had a positive impact on him, and Prince Rainier of Monaco remarked that Grant had "never been happier" than he was in his last years with her.[341]

O'lim

Death? Of course I think of it. But I don't want to dwell on it ... I think the thing you think about when you're my age is how you're going to do it and whether you'll behave well.

—Grant on death, later in life.[342]

Grant was at the Adler Theater in Davenport, Ayova, on the afternoon of November 29, 1986, preparing for his performance in A Conversation with Cary Grant when he was taken ill; he had been feeling unwell as he arrived at the theater. Basil Williams photographed him there and thought that he still looked his usual suave self, but he noticed that he seemed very tired and that he stumbled once in the auditorium. Williams recalls that Grant rehearsed for half an hour before "something seemed wrong" all of a sudden, and he disappeared backstage. Grant was taken back to the Blackhawk Hotel where he and his wife had checked in, and a doctor was called and discovered that Grant was having a massive stroke, with a blood pressure reading of 210 over 130. Grant refused to be taken to the hospital. The doctor recalled: "The stroke was getting worse. In only fifteen minutes he deteriorated rapidly. It was terrible watching him die and not being able to help. But he wouldn't let us." By 8:45 p.m., Grant had slipped into a coma and was taken to Luqo kasalxonasi.[343] He spent 45 minutes in emergency before being transferred to intensive care. He died at 11:22 p.m., aged 82.[344]

In tahririyat The New York Times stated: "Cary Grant was not supposed to die. ... Cary Grant was supposed to stick around, our perpetual touchstone of charm and elegance and romance and youth."[345] His body was taken back to California, where it was cremated and his ashes scattered in the Pacific Ocean.[346] No funeral was conducted for him following his request, which Roderick Mann remarked was appropriate for "the private man who didn't want the nonsense of a funeral."[347] His estate was worth in the region of 60 to 80 million dollars;[348] the bulk of it went to Barbara Harris and Jennifer.[273]

Screen persona

Grant in O'g'rini qo'lga olish uchun (1955)

McCann wrote that one of the reasons why Grant's film career was so successful is that he was not conscious of how handsome he was on screen, acting in a fashion which was most unexpected and unusual from a Hollywood star of that period.[349] George Cukor once stated: "You see, he didn't depend on his looks. He wasn't a narcissist, he acted as though he were just an ordinary young man. And that made it all the more appealing, that a handsome young man was funny; that was especially unexpected and good because we think, 'Well, if he's a Beau Brummel, he can't be either funny or intelligent', but he proved otherwise".[349] Jennifer Grant acknowledged that her father neither relied on his looks nor was a character actor, and said that he was just the opposite of that, playing the "basic man".[350]

Grant's appeal was unusually broad among both men and women. Pauline Kael remarked that men wanted to be him and women dreamed of dating him. She noticed that Grant treated his female co-stars differently than many of the leading men at the time, regarding them as subjects with multiple qualities rather than "treating them as sex objects".[98] Devid Shipman writes that "more than most stars, he belonged to the public".[351] A number of critics have argued that Grant had the rare star ability to turn a mediocre picture into a good one. Philip T. Hartung of Hamdo'stlik stated in his review for Janob Lucky (1943) that, if it "weren't for Cary Grant's persuasive personality, the whole thing would melt away to nothing at all".[352] Siyosiy nazariyotchi C. L. R. Jeyms saw Grant as a "new and very important symbol", a new type of Englishman who differed from Leslie Howard and Ronald Colman, who represented the "freedom, natural grace, simplicity and directness which characterise such different American types as Jimmy Stewart and Ronald Reagan", which ultimately symbolized the growing relationship between Britain and America.[353]

Once he realized that each movement could be stylized for humor, the eyepopping, the cocked head, the forward lunge, and the slightly ungainly stride became as certain as the pen strokes of a master cartoonist.

—Film critic Pauline Kael on the development of Grant's comic acting in the late 1930s[98]

McCann notes that Grant typically played "wealthy privileged characters who never seemed to have any need to work in order to maintain their glamorous and hedonistic lifestyle."[349] Martin Stirling thought that Grant had an acting range which was "greater than any of his contemporaries", but felt that a number of critics underrated him as an actor. He believes that Grant was always at his "physical and verbal best in situations that bordered on farce".[354] Charles Champlin identifies a paradox in Grant's screen persona, in his unusual ability to "mix polish and pratfalls in successive scenes". He remarks that Grant was "refreshingly able to play the near-fool, the fey idiot, without compromising his masculinity or surrendering to camp for its own sake."[355] Wansell further notes that Grant could, "with the arch of an eyebrow or the merest hint of a smile, question his own image".[356] Stanley Donen stated that his real "magic" came from his attention to minute details and always seeming real, which came from "enormous amounts of work" rather than being God-given.[357] Grant remarked of his career: "I guess to a certain extent I did eventually become the characters I was playing. I played at being someone I wanted to be until I became that person, or he became me".[358] He professed that the real Cary Grant was more like his scruffy, unshaven fisherman in Father Goose than the "well-tailored charmer" of Charade.[359]

Grant often poked fun at himself with statements such as, "Everyone wants to be Cary Grant—even I want to be Cary Grant",[360] and in ad-lib lines such as in Uning juma kuni qizi (1940): "Listen, the last man who said that to me was Archie Leach, just a week before he cut his throat."[361] Yilda Arsenik va eski dantelli (1944), a gravestone is seen bearing the name Archie Leach.[362][363] Alfred Hitchcock thought that Grant was very effective in darker roles, with a mysterious, dangerous quality, remarking that "there is a frightening side to Cary that no one can quite put their finger on".[364] Wansell notes that this darker, mysterious side extended to his personal life, which he took great lengths to cover up in order to retain his debonair image.[364]

Meros

No other man seemed so classless and self-assured ... at ease with the romantic as the comic ... aged so well and with such fine style ... in short, played the part so well: Cary Grant made men seem like a good idea.

—Biographer Graham McCann on Cary Grant.[365]

Biographers Morecambe and Stirling believe that Cary Grant was the "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known".[366] Schickel stated that there are "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant, art of a very high and subtle order" and thought that he was the "best star actor there ever was in the movies".[367][368] David Thomson and directors Stanley Donen and Howard Hawks concurred that Grant was the greatest and most important actor in the history of the cinema.[130][369] He was a favorite of Hitchcock, who admired him and called him "the only actor I ever loved in my whole life",[370] and remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years.[371] Pauline Kael stated that the world still thinks of him affectionately because he "embodies what seems a happier time−a time when we had a simpler relationship to a performer."[98]

Kari Grant tomonidan haykal Grem Ibbeson (2001) in Ming yillik maydoni, Bristol

Grant was nominated for Academy Awards for Penny Serenade (1941) va Yo'q, lekin yolg'iz yurak (1944),[372] but he never won a competitive Oscar;[ak][374] he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement 1970 yilda.[212] The inscription on his statuette read "To Cary Grant, for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with respect and affection of his colleagues". On being presented with the award, his friend Frank Sinatra announced: "No one has brought more pleasure to more people for so many years than Cary has, and nobody has done so many things so well".[375]

Grant was awarded a special plaque at the Straw Hat Awards in New York in May 1975 which recognized him as a "star and superstar in entertainment". The following August, Betti Ford invited him to give a speech at the Respublika milliy anjumani yilda Kanzas-Siti and to attend the Bicentennial dinner for Queen Yelizaveta II at the White House that same year. He was invited to a royal charity gala in 1978 at the London Palladium. In 1979, he hosted the American Film Institute's tribute to Alfred Hitchcock, and presented Lorens Olivier with his honorary Oscar.[376]

In 1981, Grant was accorded the Kennedi markazi faxriylari.[377] Three years later, a theater on the MGM lot was renamed the "Cary Grant Theatre".[268] In 1995, more than 100 leading film directors were asked to reveal their favorite actor of all time in a Taym-aut; turib qolish; tanaffus poll, and Grant came second only to Marlon Brando.[378] On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant by Grem Ibbeson was unveiled in Ming yillik maydoni, a regenerated area next to Bristol Makoni, Bristol, the city where he was born.[379] In November 2005, Grant again came first in Premer magazine's list of "The 50 Greatest Movie Stars of All Time".[380] Ikki yillik Cary Comes Home Festival was established in 2014 in his hometown Bristol.[381] McCann declared that Grant was "quite simply, the funniest actor cinema has ever produced".[382]

Filmography and stage work

Asosiy maqola: Cary Grant on screen, stage and radio

From 1932 to 1966, Grant starred in over seventy films. 1999 yilda Amerika kino instituti named him the second greatest male star of Golden Age Hollywood cinema (after Xemfri Bogart ).[383] He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor in Penny Serenade (1941) va Yolg'iz yurakdan boshqa hech kim yo'q (1944).[176][384]

Widely recognized for comedic and dramatic roles, among his best-known films are Chaqaloqni tarbiyalash (1938), Faqat farishtalarning qanotlari bor (1939), Uning juma kuni qizi (1940), Filadelfiya voqeasi (1940), Arsenik va eski dantelli (1944), Shimoliy g'arbiy tomonidan (1959) va Charade (1963).[3]

Izohlar

  1. ^ His middle name was recorded as "Alec" on birth records, although he later used the more formal "Alexander" on his naturalization application form in 1942.[4][5][6]
  2. ^ Among the reasons that he gave for believing so was that he was circumcised, and circumcision was rare outside the Jewish community in England at that time.[12] In 1948, he donated a large sum of money to help the newly established State of Israel, declaring that it was "in the name of his dead Jewish mother".[13] He also speculated that his handsome appearance with brown curly hair could be due to his father's partly Jewish descent. There is no genealogical evidence available about his possible Jewish ancestry, however.[14] He turned down the leading role in Janoblar shartnomasi in the 1940s, playing a non-Jewish character who pretends to be Jewish, because he believed that he could not effectively play the part. He donated considerable sums to Jewish causes over his lifetime. In 1939, he gave Jewish actor Sem Jaffe $25,000.[15]
  3. ^ Wansell states that John was a "sickly child" who frequently came down with a fever. He had developed gangrene on his arms after a door was slammed on his thumbnail while his mother was holding him. She stayed up night after night nursing him, but the doctor insisted that she get some rest—and he died the night that she stopped watching over him.[8]
  4. ^ Wansell notes that Grant hated mathematics and Latin and was more interested in geography, because he "wanted to travel".[34]
  5. ^ Grant likely made further changes to his accent after electing to remain in the United States, in an effort to make himself more employable.[59] The slight Cockney accent that Grant had picked up during his time with the Pender troupe, blended with his efforts to sound American, resulted in his unique manner of speaking.[60]
  6. ^ The play's success prompted a screen test for Grant and MacDonald by Paramount Publix Pictures at Astoriya studiyalari in New York, which resulted in MacDonald being cast opposite Moris Chevalier yilda Sevgi paradi (1929). Grant was rejected, and informed that his neck was "too thick" and his legs were "too bowed".[63]
  7. ^ The productions included Irene, Music in May, Nina Rosa, Rio Rita va Uch mushketyor.[72]
  8. ^ Grant was later so embarrassed by the scene and he requested that it be omitted from his 1970 Academy Award footage.[76]
  9. ^ Grant would later work with Gering in Devil and the Deep va Madam Butterfly (both 1932)
  10. ^ Grant agreed that "Archie just doesn't sound right in America. It doesn't sound particularly right in Britain either".[81] While having dinner with Fay Wray, she suggested that he choose "Cary Lockwood", the name of his character in Nikki. Schulberg agreed the name "Cary" was acceptable, but was less satisfied with "Lockwood" as it was too similar to another actor's surname. Schulberg then gave Grant a list of surnames compiled by Paramount's publicity department, out of which he chose "Grant".[80]
  11. ^ U uni noto'g'ri qildi—an adaptation of Mae West's own play Diamond Lil (1928)—was nominated in the "Eng yaxshi film" uchun Oskar mukofoti category, but lost to Kavalkad (1933).[93][94]
  12. ^ According to biographer Jerry Vermilye, Grant had caught West's eye in the studio and had queried about him to one of Paramount's office boys. The boy replied, "Oh, that's Cary Grant. He's making [Xonim] Kelebek with Sylvia Sidney". West then retorted, "I don't care if he's making Little Nell. If he can talk, I'll take him."[96]
  13. ^ The film is ranked at 75 in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list, while West's line "Why don't you come up sometime and see me?" was voted number 26 in AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes.[100][101]
  14. ^ The New York Times deb nomlangan Yomon bo'lish uchun tug'ilgan a "hopelessly unintelligent hodgepodge", while Turli xillik labelled his performance "colorless" and "meaningless".[104]
  15. ^ In December 1934 Virginia Cherrill informed a jury in a Los Angeles court that Grant "drank excessively, choked and beat her, and threatened to kill her". The press continued to report on the turbulent relationship which began to tarnish his image.[106]
  16. ^ Though Grant's films in the 1934–1935 period were commercial failures, he was still getting positive comments from the critics, who thought that his acting was getting better. One reviewer from Kundalik xilma-xillik wrote of Zulmatda qanotlar: "Cary Grant tops all his past work. The part gave him a dimension to play with and he took it headlong. He never flaws in the moving, pathetic, but inspiring behavior of a man whose career seems ruined by an accident but comes back through a mental hell, by virtue of love and the saving ruses of friendship. His acting here lifts him definitely above his prior standing."[107] Graham Greene of Tomoshabin thought that he played his role in Oxirgi forpost "extremely well".[108]
  17. ^ The pair would later on feature in Chaqaloqni tarbiyalash (1938), Ta'til (1938) va Filadelfiya voqeasi (1940).[112]
  18. ^ The film was actually shot at Lone Pine, Kaliforniya in one of the largest sets ever assembled, with over 1,500 extras.[140]
  19. ^ Uning juma kuni qizi is ranked number 19 on Amerika kino instituti "s 100 Years...100 Laughs and number 13 on The Guardian's list of the greatest comedy films of all time, compiled in 2010.[100][145]
  20. ^ Vaqt claim that Grant himself earned $100,000 for the film.[148]
  21. ^ Critical response to the film at the time was mixed. Bosley Crowther wrote: "It is simply a concoction of crazy, fast, uninhibited farce. This sort of thing, when done well—as it generally is, in this case—can be insanely funny (if it hits right). It can also be a bore."[207]
  22. ^ Grant, shuningdek, Xitkok bilan ishlash tajribasini ijobiy deb topishni davom ettirib, quyidagilarni ta'kidladi: "Xitch bilan men o'zaro aloqada edik va so'zlardan chuqurroq tushunchaga ega edik. U juda ma'qul inson edi va biz juda uyg'un edik ... Hech narsa yomon bo'lmagan. U juda yaxshi tayyorlangan edi. Men hech kimni qodir deb bilmayman ".[210]
  23. ^ Keyinchalik Loren Grantni rad etish to'g'risida gapirdi: "O'sha paytda men hech qanday pushaymon bo'lmaganman, erimni yaxshi ko'rar edim. Men Kari bilan juda mehribon edim, lekin men 23 yoshda edim. boshqa mamlakatdan kelgan gigantga uylan va Karlodan ket. Men katta qadam tashlamoqchi emas edim. "[219]
  24. ^ Shimoliy g'arbiy tomonidan AFI ning 100 yilligi ... 100 filmidagi 41-o'ringa joylashtirilgan,[227] 100 yil ichida 100 ta Thrills ro'yxatida 7-o'rin,[228] va eng katta 7-o'rinni egalladi sirli film uning eng yaxshi 10 ta sirli filmlari ro'yxatida.[229]
  25. ^ Monako shahzodasi Rayner, Kellining bevasi shunday dedi: "Greys Caryni sevar va unga qoyil qolgan. U uning do'stligini qadrladi".[266]
  26. ^ Grantning so'zlari keltirilgan: "Men juda jiddiy sabablarga ko'ra turmush qurmagan bo'lsam ham, pul hech qachon ulardan biri bo'lmagan".[320]
  27. ^ Grant 1930-yillardan beri kino sanoatiga qarshi sud da'volari bilan mashhur bo'lgan. Ushbu kostyumlarning asosi shundaki, u tegishli kompaniya tomonidan aldangan. Ularning aksariyati beparvo deb ta'riflangan va suddan tashqarida hal qilingan. 1969 yilda unga Akademiyaning faxriy mukofotini topshirish to'g'risida taklif berildi; g'azablangan Akademiya a'zolari tomonidan veto qo'yilgan. Ushbu taklif 1970 yilda qabul qilinishi uchun etarli ovoz to'plagan. Ishoniladi[kim tomonidan? ] Bouronning ayblovlari kino sanoatida bo'lganlar tomonidan uyushtirilgan qoralash kampaniyasining bir qismi bo'lganligi.[334]
  28. ^ 1973 yilda Bouron San Fernando avtoturargohida o'ldirilgan holda topilgan.[337]
  29. ^ Jenifer Grantning ta'kidlashicha, uning otasi Gollivuddagi chiroyli erkaklar va komik aktyorlarga nisbatan kamsitilishini juda ochiq aytgan. U "yaxshi ko'rinishga ega bo'lganlar o'zlarining mukofotlari, ko'proq narsalarga bo'lgan huquqlarni bekor qilyaptimi?" U bir vaqtlar aytganini eslaydi Robert Redford: "Unga biror narsa bilan taqdirlash qiyin bo'ladi, u juda yaxshi ko'rinishga ega".[373]

Adabiyotlar

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