Burbank, Kaliforniya - Burbank, California

Burbank, Kaliforniya
Shahar
Burbank ustidan shimoli-g'arbiy tomonga qarab dan Griffit Park
Muhr
Shior (lar): "Odamlar, mag'rurlik va taraqqiyot tomonidan qurilgan shahar"
Burbankning Kaliforniya shtatining Los-Anjeles okrugidagi joylashuvi.
Koordinatalari: 34 ° 10′49 ″ N. 118 ° 19′42 ″ V / 34.18028 ° N 118.32833 ° Vt / 34.18028; -118.32833Koordinatalar: 34 ° 10′49 ″ N. 118 ° 19′42 ″ V / 34.18028 ° N 118.32833 ° Vt / 34.18028; -118.32833
Mamlakat	Qo'shma Shtatlar
Shtat	Kaliforniya
Tuman	Los Anjeles
Tashkil etilgan	1887 yil 1-may
Birlashtirilgan	1911 yil 8-iyul[1]
Nomlangan	Devid Burbank
Hukumat
• turi	Kengash menejeri[2]
• Shahar hokimi	Sharon Springer[2]
• Shahar Kengashi[2]	Bob Frutos Emili Gabel-Lyuddi Timoti M. Merfi Jess Talamantes
• Shahar menejeri	Jastin Xess[3]
• Shahar xazinachisi	Krystle Ang Palmer
Maydon [4]
• Jami	17.35 kvadrat mil (44.94 km)2)
• er	17,32 kvadrat mil (44,85 km)2)
• Suv	0,04 kv mil (0,09 km)2)  0.22%
Balandlik [5]	607 fut (185 m)
Aholisi  (2010 )[6]
• Jami	103,340
• smeta (2019)[7]	102,511
• daraja	15-chi Los-Anjeles okrugida 73-chi Kaliforniyada
• zichlik	5,920,36 / kv mil (2,285,85 / km)2)
Demonim (lar)	Burbanker
Vaqt zonasi	UTC − 8 (Tinch okeani )
• Yoz (DST )	UTC − 7 (TINCH OKEANI KUNDUZGI VAQTI)
Pochta kodlari[8]	91501–91508, 91510, 91521–91523, 91526
Hudud kodlari	747/818
FIPS kodi	06-08954
GNIS xususiyat identifikatorlari	1652677, 2409939
Veb-sayt	burbankca.gov

Burbank shahar Los-Anjeles okrugi, Kaliforniya, janubi-sharqiy qismida San-Fernando vodiysi, Shahar markazidan 12 mil (19 km) shimoli-g'arbda Los Anjeles. Aholisi 2010 yilgi aholini ro'yxatga olish 103,340 edi.^[9]

"Dunyoning media poytaxti" sifatida taqdim etilgan^[10] va shimoliy-sharqdan atigi bir necha mil uzoqlikda Gollivud, ko'plab ommaviy axborot vositalari va ko'ngilochar kompaniyalarning bosh ofisi yoki Burbankda muhim ishlab chiqarish binolari, shu jumladan Warner Bros. Ko'ngil ochish, Uolt Disney kompaniyasi, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, Burbank studiyasi, Multfilm tarmoqlari studiyalari ning G'arbiy sohil filiali bilan Multfilm tarmog'i va Uyqusiz o'yinlar. The Gollivud Burbank aeroporti Lokidning joylashgan joyi edi Skunk ishlari eng maxfiy va texnologik jihatdan rivojlangan ba'zi samolyotlarni, shu jumladan U-2 josuslik samolyotlari bu ochilgan Sovet Ittifoqi raketa tarkibiy qismlari Kuba 1962 yil oktyabrda.

Burbank ikki xil hududdan iborat: shahar etagida / tog 'oldi qismida, tog' etaklarida Verdugo tog'lari va tekislik qismida. Shahar "Burbank go'zal shahar markazida" deb nomlangan Rouan va Martinning kulgisi va Johnny Carson ishtirokidagi "Tonight Show", ikkala shou lentaga tushirilgani kabi NBC-ning sobiq studiyalari. Shahar Devid Burbank nomi bilan atalgan, a Nyu-Xempshir - tug'ilgan tish shifokori va Tadbirkor u erda 1867 yilda qo'y fermasini tashkil qilgan.^[11]

Tarix

Dastlabki tarix

Burbank shahri dastlab Ispaniya va Meksika davridagi mustamlakachilik uchun berilgan 36,400 gektarlik (147 km) er uchastkasining bir qismi bo'lgan erlarni egallaydi.²) Rancho San Rafael, berilgan Xose Mariya Verdugo Ispanlar tomonidan Burbon 1784 yilda hukumat va 4063 akr (16,44 km)²) Rancho Providencia Tarixda bu hudud harbiy to'qnashuv sahnasi bo'lgan, natijada Kaliforniya shtatida Ispaniya gubernatori o'tirmagan va uning o'rnini Meksika rahbari egallagan. Pio Piko. Ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, harbiy jangning qoldiqlari ko'p yillar o'tgach, uning yonidan topilgan Warner Bros. Studio fuqarolar to'p to'plarini qazishganda.^[12]

Doktor Devid S. Burbank

Doktor Devid Burbank 4600 gektardan ortiq maydonni (19 km) sotib oldi²) sobiq Verdugo xoldingi va yana 4600 gektar (19 km)²) 1867 yilda Rancho Providencia-dan va chorvachilik uyini qurib, qo'ylarni boqishni va bug'doy etishtirishni boshladi.^[11] 1876 ​​yilga kelib San-Fernando vodiysi yilda eng yirik bug'doy etishtiriladigan maydonga aylandi Los-Anjeles okrugi. Ammo 1860 va 1870 yillardagi qurg'oqchilik barqaror suv ta'minoti zarurligini ta'kidladi.

San-Fernando bulvari bo'ylab sharqiy Burbankni tashkil etuvchi Jonathan R. Skott trakti bu erni "Camino Real" deb atagan.

Kasbiy tayyorgarlikdan o'tgan stomatolog Burbank o'z faoliyatini boshladi Votervill, Men. U 1850-yillarning boshlarida g'arb tomon katta ko'chishga qo'shildi va 1853 yilga kelib yashadi San-Fransisko. O'sha paytda Amerika fuqarolar urushi u yana stomatolog sifatida o'z kasbida yaxshi tanilgan edi Los-Anjelesdagi Pueblo. 1867 yilda u Rancho La Providencia-ni sotib oldi Devid V. Aleksandr va Frensis Mellus va u Rancho San Rafaelning g'arbiy qismini (4 603 akr) Jonathan R. Scottdan sotib oldi. Burbankning mulki deyarli 9200 gektarga (37 km) yetdi²) qiymati 9000 dollar.^[13] "Buyuk bo'linma" nomi bilan tanilgan sud qarori 1871 yilda Rancho San Rafaelni tarqatib yuborilgunga qadar Burbank ikkala mulkka ham to'liq unvonlarga ega bo'lolmaydi. Oxir oqibat u Kaliforniyaning janubidagi eng yirik va eng muvaffaqiyatli qo'y boquvchilaridan biri sifatida tanildi va natijada u stomatologiya amaliyotini yopdi va Los-Anjelesdagi ko'chmas mulkka katta mablag 'kiritdi.^[14]

Keyinchalik, Burbank 1893 yil 27-noyabrda ochilgan "Burbank" teatriga ham ega bo'lib, qiymati 150 000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi. U ko'p yillar davomida kurash olib bordi va 1900 yil avgustga kelib o'n uchinchi menejerga ega bo'ldi.^[15] Yangi menejerning ismi edi Oliver Morosko, u allaqachon muvaffaqiyatli teatriy impresario sifatida tanilgan edi. U teatrni uzoq yillar farovonlik yo'liga qo'ydi. Teatr opera teatri bo'lishni mo'ljallagan bo'lsa-da, aksincha u spektakllarni sahnalashtirdi va xalqqa tanildi. Teatrda o'sha davrning taniqli aktyorlari, shu jumladan Fay Bainter va Marjori Rambeau, u burlesque uyida yomonlashguncha.^[16]

Burbankdagi Zaytun avenyusi, 1889 yil

Burbankga aylangan hudud 1870 va 1880-yillarda joylashtirilganda, ko'chalar hozirgi Zaytun prospektida, ya'ni yo'lga to'g'ri keldi. Cahuenga dovoni va Los-Anjeles markazi. Bu asosan mahalliy amerikaliklar bosib o'tgan yo'llar edi va dastlabki ko'chmanchilar o'z mahsulotlarini Los-Anjelesga olib borish va shu yo'llar bo'ylab materiallar sotib olish uchun olib ketishgan.

O'sha paytda asosiy uzoq masofali transport usullari mavjud San-Fernando vodiysi aholisi stagecoach va poezd edi. Los-Anjeles va San-Fransisko vodiy orqali 1858 yilda boshlangan Janubiy Tinch okean temir yo'li San-Fransisko va Los-Anjelesni bog'laydigan marshrutni tugatib, 1876 yilda vodiyga kelgan.^[17]

Aqlli ishbilarmon, qiymatini oldindan biladi temir yo'l transporti, Burbank sotildi Janubiy Tinch okean temir yo'li a yo'l mol-mulk orqali bir dollarga. Birinchi poezd 1874 yil 5 aprelda Burbank orqali o'tdi. Ikkinchi darajadagi urush natijasida vujudga kelgan portlash Santa Fe va Tinch okeanining janubiy qismi odamlarni oqimga olib keldi Kaliforniya birozdan keyin va bir guruh chayqovchilar 1886 yilda Burbank yer maydonlarining katta qismini 250 ming dollarga sotib olishdi.^[18] Bir hisobotga ko'ra, o'sha yili qattiq qurg'oqchilik bo'lganligi va chorva mollari uchun suv va o't tanqisligi sababli Burbank o'z mol-mulkini sotgan bo'lishi mumkin. Qurg'oqchilik sharoitida uning 1000 ga yaqin qo'ylari nobud bo'ldi.^[14]

Burbank Providencia Land, Water & Development Co.

Gektar maydonni sotib olgan chayqovchilar guruhi Providencia Land, Water and Development Company kompaniyasini tashkil etib, yangi shaharchani chaqirib, erni o'zlashtirishga kirishdilar. Burbank 1887 yil 1 maydan boshlab fermer xo'jaliklarini taklif qila boshladi. Shaharning shimoliy chegarasi Burbank Bulvari / Yong'oq xiyoboni, janubiy chegarasi Grandview xiyoboni, sharqiy chegarasi sifatida Verdugo tog'larining chekkasi va Kliburn xiyoboni edi. g'arbiy chegara.^[19] 1887 yilda suv tizimining tashkil etilishi fermerlarga o'z bog'larini sug'orishga imkon berdi va qishloq xo'jaligini rivojlantirish uchun yanada mustahkam zamin yaratdi.^[20] Burbank yangi shaharchasining asl uchastkasi shimolda hozirgi Burbank bulvaridan tortib to Grandview prospektigacha cho'zilgan. Glendeyl, Kaliforniya janubda va sharqda Verdugo tepaligining tepasidan g'arbda hozirgi Kliburn avenyusi deb ataladigan joyga qadar.^[14]

Shu bilan birga, temir yo'lning kelishi dehqonlarga ekinlarni bozorga olib chiqish uchun darhol kirish imkoniyatini yaratdi. Paket uylari va omborlar temir yo'l yo'laklari bo'ylab qurilgan. Shuningdek, temir yo'llar sayyohlar va muhojirlar uchun okrugga kirish imkoniyatini yaratdi. A Janubiy Tinch okean temir yo'li Burbankdagi depo 1887 yilda qurib bitkazilgan.

Los-Anjelesdagi ko'chmas mulk qiymatlarini ko'tarish portlashi spekulyativ g'azab bo'lib, 1889 yilda to'satdan qulab tushdi. Yangi yaratilgan boylarning ko'p qismi buzildi. Burbankdagi ko'plab lotlar soliqlarga sotildi.^[14] Hamma narsa tugamasdan juda ko'p odamlar mintaqani tark etishadi.^[21]

1904 yilga kelib, Burbank og'ir vazn toifasida jahon chempioni bo'lganligi uchun xalqaro miqyosda e'tibor qozondi Jeyms J. Jeffri shaharning yirik mulkdoriga aylanmoq. Jeffri 107 gektar maydonni (0,43 km) sotib oldi²) G'alaba Bulvarida fermer xo'jaligini qurish uchun. U oxir-oqibat qoramol boqib, ularni Meksika va Janubiy Amerikada sotdi va tashqi savdo bilan shug'ullangan birinchi fuqarolardan biri bo'ldi. Oxir-oqibat u G'alaba va Buena Vista ko'chalari kesishgan joy yaqinida katta chorvachilik uyi va molxonasini qurdi. Keyinchalik molxona olib tashlandi va qayta yig'ildi Knottning Berri fermasi yilda Buena Park, Kaliforniya.^[14]

Burbankning birinchi telefon stantsiyasi yoki telefon kommutatori 1900 yil avgustda tashkil topgan va birinchi telefon stantsiyasi bo'lgan San-Fernando vodiysi. 5 yil ichida vodiyda bir nechta telefon stantsiyalari mavjud bo'lib, Glendeylda joylashgan San-Fernando Vodiy uy telefon kompaniyasi deb nomlanishdi.^[22] Uy telefoni Tropico bilan raqobatlashdi va 1918 yilda ikkalasi ham Pacific Telephone Company tomonidan qabul qilindi. Ayni paytda Burbankda taxminan 300 ta qo'l bilan ishlaydigan telefon mavjud edi.

Shaharning birinchi banki 1908 yilda Burbank Davlat banki Zaytun avenyusi va San Fernando ko'chasi burchagi yaqinida eshiklarini ochganda tashkil topgan. Birinchi kunida bank 30 ming dollarlik omonatlarni yig'di va o'sha paytda shaharchada 300 nafar aholi istiqomat qilar edi.^[23] 1911 yilda bank tarqatib yuborildi; u keyinchalik Security Trust & Savings Bankning Burbank filialiga aylanadi.^[24]

"Foksning ahmoqligi" katta olomon oldida namoyish etilmoqda

1911 yilda badavlat dehqon Jozef Fokes o'rik o'stirdi va G'arbiy Zaytun prospektida uy egasi bo'ldi. Shuningdek, u texnika ishqibozligini yaxshi ko'rar edi va tez orada "Fawkes Folly" aerodromini ishlab chiqara boshladi.^[25] U va uning rafiqasi Ellen C. Foks bilan birgalikda millatning birinchi patentiga ikkita patent berildi bitta temir yo'l. Ikkalasi Aerial Trolley Car Company-ni tashkil etib, transportda inqilob bo'ladi deb hisoblagan prototipni yaratishga kirishdilar.^[26]

Jozef Fokes tramvayni "Burbank" dan Los-Anjeles markaziga yo'lovchilarni 10 daqiqada olib borishga va'da bergan pervanel boshqaradigan puro shaklidagi, to'xtatib qo'yilgan monoray temir yo'l deb atadi. Birinchi ochiq mashina 20 ga yaqin yo'lovchini sig'dirdi va osmon yo'lidan to'xtatib qo'yildi va uni yog'och chiroqlar qo'llab-quvvatladi. 1911 yilda monoray mashina o'zining birinchi va yagona Burbank fermer xo'jaligidan o'tdi, bu ko'l va Gul ko'chalari o'rtasida edi. Monoray bir necha metrga siljiganidan va parchalanib ketganidan keyin muvaffaqiyatsizlik deb hisoblandi. Hech kim jarohat olmadi, ammo Jozef Foksning mag'rurligi qattiq jarohatlandi, chunki Havodagi qaldirg'och "Foksning ahmoqligi" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi. Shahar ma'murlari uning sinovini muvaffaqiyatsiz deb hisobladilar va Tinch okeanidagi elektr tramvay liniyasini Burbankga olib borishga e'tibor berishdi.^[27]

"Los-Anjeles Ekspresi" bosib chiqarilgandek, keng xiyobonlar o'yilgan bo'lib, turar joylar bilan o'ralgan zamonaviy ishbilarmonlik hududi bilan tanishib chiqildi:

"Burbank, yangi dehqon jamoatchiligi o'rtasida bunyod etilayotgan shaharcha, uni g'ayrioddiy shaharcha va uning atrofida yashovchi tarzda qurilgan. Ko'chalar va xiyobonlar keng va barchasi chiroyli darajaga ko'tarilgan. Barcha yaxshilanishlar shaharga katta foyda keltirishi mumkin edi ... Burbankda hamma narsa to'g'ri bajarilgan. "

Burbank fuqarolari Tinch okean elektr tramvayining istamas amaldorlarini Glendeyldan Burbankgacha bo'lgan yo'lni uzaytirishga rozi bo'lishlari uchun 48000 AQSh dollari miqdorida subsidiya ajratishlari kerak edi.^[20] Birinchi Qizil Avtomobil 1911 yil 6-sentyabrda ulkan bayram bilan Burbankga kirib keldi. Bu shahar shaharga aylanganidan taxminan ikki oy o'tgach edi. O'sha kuni "Burbank Review" gazetasi maxsus sonini chiqardi^[26] barcha mahalliy aholiga quyidagilarni maslahat berish:

"Chorshanba kuni muntazam yo'lovchilarni tashish jadvali bo'yicha ishlaydigan birinchi elektromobil Los-Anjelesning Oltinchi va Asosiy ko'chalaridagi Tinch okeani elektr stantsiyasidan Burbankka ertalab soat 6: 30da yo'l oldi va Burbankdan Los-Anjelesga birinchi mashina soat 6 da yo'l oldi: O'sha kuni ertalab soat 20: Ushbu mashina birinchi safarga kelganida, ko'plab fuqarolar qo'ng'iroq qilish va o'q otish qurollarini otish orqali o'zlarining katta quvonchlari haqida dalolat berishdi: ko'p sonli erkaklar va ayollar birinchi mashinaga minib Glendeylga yo'l oldilar va u erda o'zgardi Los-Anjelesdan kelayotgan ikkinchi mashinaga va yana uyiga qaytib ketdi. Har bir yuz baxt va mamnuniyat ifodasi edi. "

Burbank liniyasi Burbankdagi Kipr xiyoboniga qadar qurib bitkazildi va 1925 yil o'rtalariga kelib ushbu yo'nalish Glenoaks bulvari bo'ylab Eton Drive-ga qadar bir mil uzoqlikda uzaytirildi. Burbankda 1911 yilda Orange Grove prospektida kichik yog'och stantsiya barpo etilgan bo'lib, uning orqa qismida kichik hovli bor edi. Ushbu ombor 1942 yilda yong'in natijasida vayron qilingan va 1947 yilda yo'lovchilar uchun kichik boshpana qurilgan.

1942 yil 26-mayda Kaliforniya shtati temir yo'l komissiyasi Burbank liniyasini Lockheed zavodiga uzaytirishni taklif qildi.^[28] Ushbu taklif Arden Junction-dan Glenoaks bo'ylab San-Fernando bulvari va Lockheed-ning asosiy inshootidan shimoli-sharqda Empire Way-ga ikki tomonlama yo'lni taklif qildi. Ammo bu kengayish hech qachon amalga oshmadi va komissiya San-Fernando vodiysidagi boshqa loyihalarga o'tdi. Burbankdagi Qizil mashina liniyasidan voz kechildi va 1956 yilda yo'llar olib tashlandi.

Shahar marshalining idorasi 1923 yilda Burbank politsiya bo'limiga o'zgartirildi. Birinchi politsiya boshlig'i Jorj Koul bo'lib, u keyinchalik AQSh moliya vazirligining taqiqlovchi xodimi bo'ldi.

1928 yilda Burbank birinchilardan bo'lib 13 shaharga qo'shildi Janubiy Kaliforniyaning metropolitan suv okrugi, dunyodagi eng yirik suv etkazib beruvchilardan biri. Bu boshqasiga qarama-qarshi edi San-Fernando vodiysi Los-Anjelesga siyosiy qo'shilish orqali suv olgan jamoalar. 1937 yilga kelib, Gover to'g'onidan birinchi energiya Burbankning o'z elektr tarmoqlari orqali tarqatildi.^[29] Shahar suvning taxminan 55 foizini MWD dan sotib oladi.^[30]

Burbank shahri

Shahar barqaror ravishda o'sib bordi, ob-havo qurg'oqchilik va depressiya urdi Los Anjeles 1890-yillarda va 20 yil ichida jamiyat a bank, gazeta, o'rta maktab va jihozlar do'koni bilan gullab-yashnayotgan biznes zonasi, barqaror yashash sharoitlari, quruq mahsulotlar do'kon, umumiy do'kon va velosipedlarni ta'mirlash ustaxonasi. Shaharning birinchi gazetasi Burbank Review, 1906 yilda tashkil topgan.

Aholi iltimosnoma bilan murojaat qildi Davlat qonun chiqaruvchisi ga shahar sifatida qo'shmoq 1911 yil 8-iyulda biznesmen Tomas Story bilan shahar hokimi. Saylovchilar 81 kishidan 51 ga qarshi ovoz bilan birlashishni ma'qulladilar. O'sha paytda Vasiylik Kengashi 500 nafar aholidan iborat jamoani boshqarar edi. Qonunchilik palatasi harakati bilan Burbank San-Fernando vodiysidagi birinchi mustaqil shaharga aylandi.

Burbank tomonidan qabul qilingan birinchi shahar muhrida a mushkli qovun, bu er portlashi qulab tushganda shahar hayotini saqlab qolishga yordam beradigan ekin edi.^[26] 1931 yilda asl shahar muhri almashtirildi va 1978 yilda zamonaviy muhr qabul qilindi. Yangi muhrda banner ostida City Hall ko'rsatilgan, ammo kantalupa yo'q. Samolyot shahar samolyotsozlik sanoatini ramziy qiladi, plyonka va sahna yorug'ligi kinofilm ishlab chiqarishni anglatadi. Pastki qismida Verdugo tog'lari ustida ko'tarilgan quyosh tasvirlangan.

Burbank, 1922 yil

1915 yilda Vodiyning katta qismlari yordam berib, kapitulyatsiya qildi Los Anjeles o'sha yili uning hajmidan ikki baravar ko'p. Ammo Burbank o'z suv quduqlariga ega bo'lgan bir nechta shahar orasida edi va mustaqil bo'lib qoldi. 1916 yilga kelib Burbankda 1500 nafar aholi istiqomat qilgan. 1922 yilda Burbank Savdo Palatasi tashkil etildi. Federal hukumat 1923 yilda Burbankning maqomini rasman tan oldi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta xizmati shaharni qishloqdan qayta tasnifladi qishloq pochta orqali etkazib berish ga shahar pochta orqali etkazib berish xizmati.^[26] Bu vaqtga kelib, Burbank aholisi sezilarli darajada o'sdi, 1908 yildagi 500 kishidan kam odamdan 3000 dan ortiq fuqaroga. Shaharning biznes tumani San-Fernando ko'chasining g'arbiy qismida o'sdi. va Verdugodan Sipar xiyobonigacha, sharq tomonda esa Palm prospektigacha cho'zilgan. 1927 yilda besh kilometrlik (8 km) asfaltlangan ko'chalar 125 mil (201 km) ga ko'tarildi.

The 1929 yildagi Wall Street halokati biznes va uy-joylar o'sishi to'xtab qolgan Burbank uchun qiyinchiliklarni boshdan kechirdi. Depressiya oqibatlari, shuningdek, qattiq kredit sharoitlarini keltirib chiqardi va butun mintaqada uy qurishni to'xtatdi, shu jumladan shahar Magnoliya Parkini rivojlantirish. Taxminan shu vaqt ichida yirik ish beruvchilar ish haqini qisqartirishni boshladilar va ba'zi zavodlar eshiklarini abadiy yopdilar.^[31]

Taxminan shu vaqtga kelib, Burbank shahar kengashi shahar ishchilarining ish haqining 10 foizini qisqartirish bilan javob berdi. Ishsizlarga yordam berish uchun xodimlarga yordam berish bo'limiga pullar qo'yilgan. Shaharning Tinch okeanining janubiy temir yo'llari bo'ylab uysizlar lagerlari tashkil etila boshlagach, mahalliy fuqarolik va diniy guruhlar harakatga kelib, oziq-ovqat bilan o'z hissalarini qo'shdilar. Yuzlab odamlar o'z-o'ziga yordam kooperativlarida, oziq-ovqat va boshqa xizmatlar uchun sartaroshlik, tikuvchilik, sanitariya-tesisat yoki duradgorlik kabi savdo ko'nikmalarida qatnashishni boshladilar.^[32]

1930 yilga kelib Birinchi milliy studiyalar, Endryu Jergens kompaniyasi, The Lockheed kompaniyasi, McNeill va Libby konservalash kompaniyasi, Moreland kompaniyasi va Northrop aviatsiya korporatsiyasi Burbankda ochilgan inshootlar va aholi 16 662 ga sakrab tushdi.

1930-yillarda Burbank va Glendeyl oldini oldi Fuqarolarni muhofaza qilish korpusi Afro-amerikalik ishchilarni mahalliy parkga joylashtirganligi sababli quyosh botgan shaharcha ikkala shahar ham qabul qilgan farmonlarni.^[33]

Keyingi a Vodiy Depressiya paytida erni büstü, ko'chmas mulk 1930-yillarning o'rtalarida orqaga qaytishni boshladi. Burbankda 1934 yilda 100 ta uy qurish loyihasi boshlandi. 1936 yilga kelib shaharda mulk qiymatlari depressiyadan oldingi darajadan oshib ketdi. 1950 yilga kelib aholi soni 78 577 kishiga yetdi.^[34] Bu endi "kichkina kichkina qishloq" emas edi Jeyn Rassel "Gollivud Zolushka" qo'shig'i; u Los-Anjelesning yirik shaharchasiga aylangan edi. 1967 yildan 1989 yilgacha olti blokli San-Fernando Blvd. "deb piyodaOltin savdo markazi ".

2008 yil iyun holatiga ko'ra, Burbankdagi shahar xodimlarining soni 1683 kishini tashkil etdi. Jami 1253 nafari doimiy, 217 nafari shtatda va 213 nafari vaqtinchalik ishchilar edi. Burbank Siti Xodimlar Uyushmasi shahar ishchilarini namoyish etadi. Tashkilot 1939 yildan boshlangan va uning asosiy roli shahar ishchilari uchun davlat xizmati maqomini ta'minlashdan iborat edi. 750 dan ortiq shahar ishchilaridan iborat BCEA Burbank shahar hukumatidagi oltita kelishuv kasaba uyushmalaridan biridir. Boshqalar qatoriga quyidagilar kiradi: Burbank yong'inga qarshi kurashchilar uyushmasi, Burbank politsiya ofitserlari assotsiatsiyasi, mahalliy 18 elektrchilarning xalqaro birodarligi, Burbank o't o'chiruvchilar-bosh ofitser bo'limi va Burbank boshqaruv assotsiatsiyasi.

Dastlabki ishlab chiqarish

1887 yilda Burbank mebel ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasi shaharning birinchi fabrikasi edi.^[35] 1888 yilda er portlashi pasayib ketganidan so'ng, bino tark etildi va vaqtinchalik korxonalar bo'sh zavodda uxladilar. 1917 yilda Moreland Motor Truck kompaniyasi shaharni o'zgartirdi va natijada ishlab chiqarish va sanoat ishchi kuchi shaharda ildiz otishni boshladi. Bir necha yil ichida Moreland yuk mashinalari "Burbankda ishlab chiqarilgan" yorlig'i bilan ko'rindi.^[36] Uning egasi Vatt Moreland o'zining zavodini Los-Anjelesdan Burbankka ko'chirgan edi. U 25 gektar maydonni (100000 m) tanladi²) San Fernando Blvd-da. va Alameda xiyoboni. Moreland zavod va mashinasozlikka 1 million dollar sarmoya kiritdi va 500 kishini ish bilan ta'minladi. Bu Missisipi g'arbidagi eng yirik yuk mashinalari ishlab chiqaruvchisi edi.

The Moreland Motor Truck kompaniyasi Burbankda

Keyingi bir necha o'n yilliklar ichida katta-kichik fabrikalar hudud landshaftini belgilaydi. Asosan qishloq xo'jaligi va chorvachilik maydoni bo'lgan joy turli ishlab chiqarish tarmoqlari bilan almashtiriladi. Moreland 1917 yildan 1937 yilgacha faoliyat yuritgan. Aerokosmik etkazib beruvchisi Menasco Manufacturing Company keyinchalik bu mulkni sotib oladi. Menasco-ning Burbank shassi zavodi 1994 yilda sekin savdo va harbiy buyurtmalar tufayli yopilib, 310 kishiga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Moreland kelganidan bir necha oy o'tgach, Burbankka 3 million dollarlik traktor ishlab chiqaradigan "Community Manufacturing Company" keldi.

1920 yilda Burbankdagi temir yo'llar yaqinidagi Verdugo prospektida Endryu Jergens kompaniyasining zavodi ochildi. Kichik Endryu Jergens - otasi, Tsinsinnatidan ishbilarmon Endryu Jergens, kichik va biznes sheriklari Frank Adams va Morris Spazier yordam berishgan - saytni sotib olib, bir qavatli bino qurgan. Ular bitta mahsulot - kokos moyi sovuni bilan boshladilar, ammo keyinchalik yuz kremlari, losonlar, suyuq sovunlar va dezodorantlar ishlab chiqarishdi. 1931 yilda, depressiyaga qaramay, Jergens kompaniyasi kengayib, yangi idoralar va transport departamenti inshootlarini qurdi. 1939 yilda Burbank korporatsiyasi Endryu Jergensning Sincinnati kompaniyasi bilan birlashdi va Ogayo shtatidagi Endryu Jergens kompaniyasi sifatida tanildi. Burbank zavodi 1992 yilda yopilib, 90 ga yaqin xodimga ta'sir ko'rsatdi.

Aviatsiya

1930 yillarda Burbankda samolyotsozlik va yirik aeroportning tashkil etilishi katta o'sish va rivojlanish uchun zamin yaratdi, bu esa jadal sur'atlarda davom etishi kerak edi. Ikkinchi jahon urushi va urushdan keyingi davrga. Birodarlar Allan Loughead va Malkolm Lugxed, asoschilari Lockheed aviatsiya kompaniyasi 1928 yilda Burbank ishlab chiqarish zavodini ochdi va bir yildan so'ng taniqli aviatsiya dizayneridir Jek Nortrop o'zining tarixiy Flying Wing samolyotini yaqin atrofdagi o'z zavodida qurdi.^[37]

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida ayol samolyot ishchisi, Vega Aircraft Corporation, Burbank, Kaliforniya 1942 y

Bag'ishlangan Xotira kuni Dam olish kunlari (30 may - 1 iyun), 1930, Birlashgan aeroport 1946 yilda tutib olinmaguncha Los-Anjelesdagi eng yirik savdo aeroporti bo'lgan Los-Anjeles munitsipal aeroporti (hozir Los-Anjeles xalqaro aeroporti ) ichida Vestchester qachon o'sha ob'ekt (birinchisi Minalar maydoni) tijorat operatsiyalari boshlandi. Ameliya Erxart, Wiley Post va Xovard Xyuz diqqatga sazovor bo'lganlar orasida edi aviatsiya kashshoflari original Union Air Terminal-da va undan tashqarida samolyotlarni boshqarish. 1935 yilga kelib, Burbankdagi Union Air Terminal mamlakatdagi uchinchi eng yirik aerovokzal bo'lib, undan har kuni 46 ta samolyot uchib chiqdi. Aeroport 1931 yilda 9895 yo'lovchiga va 1936 yilda 98485 yo'lovchiga xizmat ko'rsatgan.

Burbankdagi Vega aviatsiya zavodi, 1942 yil

Burbankdagi Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 1945 yil

1931 yilda Lockheed o'shanda Lockheed birligi bilan bankrot bo'lgan Detroit Aircraft Corp. Bir yil o'tgach, bir guruh investorlar Lockheed kompaniyasining aktivlarini sotib oldilar. Yangi egalar o'zlarining cheklangan mablag'larini "Model 10 Electra" ni ikkita metall dvigatelli transport vositasini ishlab chiqarishga jalb qilishdi. U birinchi bo'lib 1934 yilda uchib ketdi va tezda butun dunyoga shuhrat qozondi.^[38]

Burbankning 50 yilligini shahar sifatida nishonlagan risolada 1936 yil oxiriga kelib Lockheed ish haqi "1200 ga yaqin" bo'lganligi haqida e'lon qilingan. Aviakompaniyani yollash o'sha paytda ish bilan ta'minlash uchun qulay sharoit yaratgan.^[39]

Keyinchalik Morelandning yuk mashinalari ishlab chiqaradigan zavodi Lockheed's Vega Aircraft Corporation tomonidan ishlatilgan bo'lib, u "kashfiyotchi samolyoti" deb nom olgan. Ameliya Erxart biri Atlantika okeanidan uchib o'tdi. 1936 yilda Lockheed rasmiy ravishda Burbankda Vega Aircraft-ni egallab oldi.^[40][41]

Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida, dushmanning razvedka harakatini aldash uchun Lockheed's Vega fabrikasining butun maydoni kamufle qilingan. Zavod rezina avtomashinalar bilan to'la shahar atrofi va tuvalga bo'yalgan tinch qishloq mahallalari ostida yashiringan edi.^[42] Yuzlab soxta daraxtlar va butalar butun maydonga uch o'lchovli ko'rinish berish uchun joylashtirilgan. Soxta daraxtlar va butalar yopishqoq bilan ishlangan tovuq simidan yaratilgan va keyin bargli to'qimalarni ta'minlash uchun tovuq patlari bilan yopilgan. Yong'in gidrantlari nomini olgan havo kanallari Lockheed-Vega xodimlariga o'z zavodlarini yashirish uchun mo'ljallangan ulkan kamuflyaj soyabon ostida ishlashni davom ettirishga imkon berdi.^[43]

Burbank aeroporti 1930 yilda ochilganidan buyon etti marta nom o'zgarishini amalga oshirdi. Har xil yo'nalishda tarqaladigan beshta uchish-qo'nish yo'lagi bor edi, ularning har biri kengligi 91 metr va uzunligi 2600 fut (790 metr). U qoldi Birlashgan aeroport 1934 yilgacha uning nomi o'zgartirildi Union havo terminali (1934-1940). Boing maydonda samolyotlar qurdi. Lockheed Aircraft o'zining yaqin aerodromiga ega edi. Lockheed 1940 yilda aeroportni sotib olib, uning nomini o'zgartirdi Lockheed havo terminali, u 1967 yilgacha bo'lgan vaqtgacha ma'lum bo'lgan Gollivud-Burbank aeroporti. 1978 yilda uning nomi o'zgartirildi Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena aeroporti (1978-2003) Lockheed uni Kaliforniyaning uchta shahriga 51 million dollarga sotganidan keyin. 2003 yil dekabrda ushbu ob'ekt nomi o'zgartirildi Bob Hope aeroporti yaqin joyda yashagan komediyachi sharafiga Toluka ko'li. 2005 yilda Burbank shahri va aeroportga egalik qiladigan va uni boshqaradigan Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena aeroporti boshqarmasi rivojlanish bo'yicha kelishuvga erishdi. Kelishuv aeroportni 2009 yilgacha kengaytirishni taqiqlaydi. Kaliforniyadagi aksariyat mintaqaviy aeroportlardan farqli o'laroq, Burbank aeroporti aeroportdan foydalanish uchun maxsus zonalarga ajratilgan joyda joylashgan.^[44]

Lockheed kabi kompaniyalarning o'sishi va rivojlanayotgan ko'ngilochar sanoat ushbu hududga ko'proq odamlarni jalb qildi va Burbank aholisi 1930-1940 yillarda ikki baravar ko'payib, 34337 kishiga etdi. Burbank bu davrda eng katta o'sishni ko'rdi Ikkinchi jahon urushi sababli Lokid kabi samolyotlar ishlab chiqaradigan 80,800 ga yaqin erkak va ayol ish bilan ta'minlangan Lokid Xadson, Lockheed P-38 chaqmoq, Lockheed PV-1 Ventura, Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress va Amerikaning birinchi samolyot qiruvchi, Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star.^[45][46] Keyinchalik Lockheed yaratdi U2, SR-71 Blackbird va F-117 Nighthawk Burbank-da joylashgan "Skunk ishlari "Ism karikatura ijrochisidagi" Skonk Works "deb nomlangan sirli, yomon hidli orqa daraxtlar distillashidan olingan. Al Capp "s Li'l Abner kulgili chiziq.^[47]

Xodimlarni joylashtirish uchun Lockheed atrofida o'nlab gamburger stendlari, restoranlar va do'konlar paydo bo'ldi. Ba'zi restoranlar 24 soat davomida ishladilar. Bir paytlar Lockheed kommunal xizmatlar stavkalarini shaharning umumiy kommunal xizmatlari daromadlarining 25 foizini tashkil etgan, bu esa Lockheed shaharning naqd sigiriga aylangan. Lokid ketgach, iqtisodiy zarar katta edi. Davomida balandlikda Ikkinchi jahon urushi, Lockheed muassasasida 98000 kishigacha ishlagan.^[48] Lokid va Vega o'simliklari orasida taxminan 7,700,000 kvadrat metr (720,000 m)²) ishlab chiqarish maydoni 1943 yilda eng yuqori pallada Burbankda joylashgan edi. Urush ishlab chiqarilishi to'xtaganligi sababli 7000 dan ortiq yangi aholi urushdan keyin ko'chmas mulk portlashini yaratganligi sababli Burbank o'sishi sekinlashmadi. 1945-1950 yillarda Burbankning Magnoliya bog'i hududida uy-joy uchastkalari paydo bo'lganligi sababli ko'chmas mulk qiymatlari ko'tarildi. Shahar uy-joy fondining 62 foizdan ko'prog'i 1970 yilgacha qurilgan.^[49]

Keyingi Ikkinchi jahon urushi, uysiz faxriylar Burbankdagi chodir lagerlarida, Katta Tujunga Kanyonida va ishdan chiqarilgan Milliy Gvardiya bazasida yashagan. Griffit Park. Hukumat, shuningdek, Burbankdagi Gollivud Way va Winona avenyuda treyler lagerlarini va yaqin atrofni tashkil qildi Quyosh vodiysi. Ammo yangi uylar qurildi, iqtisodiyot yaxshilandi va Burbankdagi harbiylar soni kengayishda davom etdi. Lockheed xodimlarining soni 66,500 kishini tashkil etdi va samolyotlardan kosmik kemalar, raketalar, elektronika va kema qurishni kengaytirdi.

Lokxidning Burbankdagi ishtiroki samolyot qismlarini ishlab chiqaradigan o'nlab firmalarni jalb qildi. Ulardan biri edi Weber Aircraft Corporation, aeroportning chekkasida joylashgan Lockheedga tutashgan samolyot ichki ishlab chiqaruvchisi. 1988 yilda Weber Burbank ishlab chiqarish zavodini yopdi, keyinchalik u 1000 kishini ish bilan ta'minladi. Weber savdo va harbiy samolyotlar uchun o'rindiqlar, javonlar, hojatxonalar va boshqa jihozlarni ishlab chiqardi. Veber 37 yil davomida Burbankda bo'lgan.

Old qismi Bob Hope aeroporti, 2009

1970-yillarning o'rtalariga kelib, Gollivud-Burbank aeroporti har yili 1,5 million yo'lovchini qabul qildi. Aviakompaniyalarga quyidagilar kiradi Alaska Airlines, American Airlines, Delta havo liniyalari, JetBlue Airways, Southwest Airlines va United Air Lines. 2009 yil avgust holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], Janubiy-G'arbiy aeroport faoliyatining uchdan ikki qismini tashkil etdi.^[50] 2005 yilda JetBlue Airways aeroportdan birinchi qirg'oqdan qirg'oqqa to'xtovsiz xizmatni boshladi. Avjet Corporation xususiy reaktiv aviakompaniyasi aeroportning janubiy qismida joylashgan bir qancha angarlardan ishlaydi. Surf Air Silikon vodiysidagi Santa Barbara va San-Karlosga xizmat ko'rsatadigan Burbank aeroportidan har kuni oltita reysni amalga oshiradi. Atlantic Aviation, (avvalgi Merkuriy havo markazi), shuningdek, bir nechta taniqli kompaniyalar uchun reaktiv xizmatlarni taqdim etadi. 1987 yilda Burbank aeroporti birinchi bo'lib parvoz tashuvchilarga tinchroq "Stage 3" samolyotlarini parvoz qilishni talab qildi.

2010 yilga kelib, Burbankning Bob Xop aeroporti yiliga 4,5 million yo'lovchiga ega edi. Aeroport shuningdek FedEx va UPS uchun muhim uskuna bo'lib, o'sha yili 96,2 million funt yuk tashigan.^[51] 2012 yil boshida American Airlines kompaniyasi Burbank va tashqarisidagi parvozlarni to'xtatishini e'lon qildi. Ushbu qaror Amerikaning bosh kompaniyasi 2011 yil noyabr oyida bankrotlikdan himoya qilish to'g'risida ariza berganidan so'ng.^[52] Bob Hope aeroportidan yo'lovchilar tashish hajmi bo'yicha Amerika Southwest Airlines-dan ancha orqada. 2011 yil oktyabr oyida Janubi-G'arbiy o'sha oyda taxminan 233,000 yo'lovchini parvoz qildi, amerikalik esa 30,000 yo'lovchidan ozroq edi. Sayyohlik menejerlari savdo guruhining ma'lumotlariga ko'ra, 2012 yilgi tadqiqotlar natijasida Burbank sayohatchilar uchun soliq yuki jihatidan eng past ko'rsatkichlarga ega. GBTA jamg'armasi aniqlaganidek, Burbank sayohatchilar uchun kuniga 22,74 dollar, Chikago uchun 40,31 dollar va Nyu-York uchun 37,98 dollar.^[53]

Aeroport inshootlarini kengaytirish 2012 yil avgust oyida Gollivud Burbank aeroporti poezd stantsiyasining qarshisida Empire Avenue bo'ylab mintaqaviy intermodal transport markazida (RITC) qurilish boshlanganda boshlandi. RITC 2014 yil iyun oyida ochilgan^[54] RITC aeroportni boshqa transport tizimlari, jumladan mintaqaviy avtobus liniyalari, marshrutlar, shuningdek Amtrak va Metrolink temir yo'l xizmatlari bilan bog'laydi va terminal binosiga ko'tarilgan yopiq harakatlanuvchi yo'lni o'z ichiga oladi. Bu erda ko'p qavatli avtoturargoh qurilishi ham rejalashtirilgan. Bundan tashqari, aeroportga Metrolink va Amtrak tomonidan foydalaniladigan temir yo'l platformasiga Empire prospektidagi RITC inshootining janubidan o'tadigan ko'prik uchun Metrolink mablag'lari sifatida 3,5 million dollar berildi. RITC-ning umumiy qiymati 112 million dollarni tashkil etdi va kamida to'qqiz xil ijaraga olingan avtomobil markalarining ijaraga beriladigan avtoulovlarni birlashtirishni o'z ichiga oladi.^[55] RITC favqulodda operatsiyalar uchun qo'mondonlik markazi bo'lib xizmat qiladi.^[56] So'nggi paytlarda yo'lovchilarning pasayib ketishini qaytargan aeroport, 2015 yilning etti oyida yo'lovchilar soni bir yil avvalgi shu davrga nisbatan 2,4 foizga o'sganligini xabar qildi. Bu 2007 yildan beri yo'lovchilarning sekin tendentsiyasidan kelib chiqqan holda burilish yasadi.^[57] Yo'lovchilar tashish hajmi 2017 yilda o'sishda davom etdi, aeroport butun yil davomida sayohatchilar soni 14,4 foizga o'sib, 4,7 milliondan oshganini e'lon qildi. Ya'ni, aeroport hali ham 2007 yilda qayd etilgan 5,9 million yo'lovchining eng yuqori darajasidan pastligicha qolmoqda.^[58] Kamayish sababining bir qismi aeroportdan uchadigan parvozlarning kamligi.

Shu bilan birga, so'nggi yillarda Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena aeroporti ma'muriyati a'zolari tomonidan Bob Hope aeroportining rebrendini o'tkazish uchun joyni Gollivud va Burbank hududi bilan ko'proq aniqlash uchun munozaralar bo'lib o'tdi.^[59] Ushbu nomni o'zgartirish aeroport rahbarlari tomonidan 2016 yil may oyida nihoyat tasdiqlandi.^[60] Aeroport rasmiylari brendlash yo'lovchilar oqimini ko'payishiga umid qilmoqda, ayniqsa aeroport yangi va kattaroq terminal inshootini qurishga tayyorlanmoqda. "Bizning aeroport bilan tanish bo'lmagan yo'lovchilar uchun" Gollivud "so'zi xalqaro miqyosda tan olingan", - deya aeroport ijrochi direktori Frenk Mille 2017 yilgi press-relizida aytib o'tdi. "Ammo bizning yangi nomimiz bo'lsa-da, biz yo'lovchilar biladigan va sevadigan qulay aeroportmiz".^[61][44]

AQSh tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Federal aviatsiya ma'muriyati, aeroport mutasaddilari qarib qolgan terminalni o'lchamining uchdan ikki qismigacha kattaroq narsaga almashtirishga intilishdi. Amaldagi terminal 1930-yillarga borib taqaladi va amaldagi standartlarga muvofiq uchish-qo'nish yo'lagiga juda yaqin deb hisoblanadi - talab qilinadigan 750 fut o'rniga 250 fut (76 m).^[62] 2016 yil noyabr oyida shahar saylovchilari terminalni almashtirishni ma'qulladilar.^[63] Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena aeroporti ma'muriyati almashtirish terminalining 2022 yilda ochilishiga umid bildirdi.

Ko'ngilochar sanoat

Warner Music Group Burbankdagi ofislar

The kinofilmlar biznesi 1920 yillarda Burbankga kelgan. 1926 yilda, Birinchi milliy rasmlar 78 gektar maydonni (320000 m) sotib oldi²) Dark Canyon yaqinidagi Zaytun prospektidagi sayt. Mulk 40 gektar maydonni (160,000 m) o'z ichiga olgan²) cho'chqachilik fermasi va fermer Stiven A.Martinga tegishli Devid Burbankning asl uyi. 1928–29 yillarda Birinchi Milliyni to'rtlik tomonidan tashkil etilgan kompaniya egallab oldi Warner Brothers.

Columbia Pictures Burbank-da mol-mulkni fermer xo'jaligi sifatida sotib oldi, asosan tashqi otish uchun ishlatiladi. Uolt Disney Gollivud kvartallaridan oshib ketgan kompaniya 51 gektar maydonni (210,000 m) sotib oldi²) Burbankda. Disneyning million dollarlik studiyasi tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Kem Weber, Buena Vista ko'chasida 1939 yilda qurib bitkazilgan. Dastlab Disney Burbank studiyasi yonida "Mickey Mouse Park" ni o'zi aytganidek qurmoqchi edi. Ammo uning yordamchilari nihoyat uni joy juda kichik ekanligiga ishontirishdi va Burbank shahar kengashining qarshiliklari bo'lgan. Kengash a'zolaridan biri Disneyga: "Biz Burbankdagi jirkanch muhitni xohlamaymiz", dedi. Keyinchalik Disney o'zining muvaffaqiyatini qurdi Disneylend yilda Anaxaym.

Burbank o'zining birinchi haqiqiy fuqarolik mojarosini olti oylik cho'qqisi sifatida ko'rdi mehnat nizosi o'rtasida dekorator uyushmasi va studiyalar natijada Burbank jangi 1945 yil 5-oktabrda yuzaga kelgan qarama-qarshilik Amerika tarixidagi eng katta ish tashlashlar to'lqini.

1960-70-yillarda Gollivud ko'ngilochar sanoatining aksariyati Burbankka ko'chib o'tdi. NBC o'zining g'arbiy qirg'og'idagi shtab-kvartirasini Zaytun va Alameda xiyobonlaridagi yangi joyga ko'chirdi. Burbank studiyasi 1951 yilda sotib olingan va NBC 1952 yilda Gollivuddagi Sunset va Vine-da joylashgan joyidan kelgan. Garchi NBC o'zining G'arbiy qirg'og'idagi teledasturlarining aksariyati uchun Gollivud imidjini targ'ib qilgan bo'lsa-da (masalan Ed McMahon Kirish Johnny Carson ishtirokidagi "Tonight Show": "Gollivuddan"), hajvchilar Dan Rouan va Dik Martin kuni "go'zal Burbank shahar markazi" haqida eslay boshladi Kulish 1960-yillarda. 1962 yilga kelib NBC millionlab dollarlik, eng zamonaviy kompleks yakunlandi.

Warner Bros., NBC va Disneyning barchasi Burbankning janubiy chekkasida (va Universal shahridan janubi-g'arbiy tomonda), bir-biriga juda yaqin joylashgan bo'lib, hozirda Media tumani deb nomlanuvchi hudud,^[64] Media Center District yoki oddiygina Media Center.^[65] 1990-yillarning boshlarida Burbank Media District-da o'sishga cheklovlar qo'ydi.^[64] O'shandan beri o'sib borayotgan ishchi kuchini jalb qilish uchun Disney avvalgilarining saytini rivojlantirishga e'tibor qaratdi Grand Markaziy aeroporti yaqin Glendale shahrida. Faqatgina Disneyning eng yuqori lavozimli rahbarlari va ba'zi kino, televizion va animatsion operatsiyalar hanuzgacha Burbankdagi Disney studiyasining asosiy qismida joylashgan.

NBCning Burbankni bosh kompaniyasidan keyin tark etishi haqida mish-mishlar paydo bo'ldi General Electric Corporation sotib olingan Universal studiyalar va birlashtirilgan bo'linma nomini o'zgartirdi NBC Universal. Kelishuvdan beri NBC asosiy operatsiyalarni joylashgan Universal mulkiga ko'chirmoqda Universal shahar. 2007 yilda NBC Universal rahbariyati xodimlarga kompaniya "Burbank" kompleksining katta qismini sotishni rejalashtirganligi to'g'risida xabar berdi. NBC Universal televizion va kabel ishlarini Universal City majmuasiga ko'chiradi.^[66] Qachon Konan O'Brayen xostingni o'z zimmasiga oldi Tonight Show Karsonning vorisidan Jey Leno in 2009, he hosted the show from Universal City. However, O'Brien's hosting role lasted only 7 months, and Leno, who launched a failed primetime 10pm show in fall 2009, was asked to resume his Tonight Show role after O'Brien controversially left NBC. The show returned to the NBC Burbank lot and had been expected to remain there until at least 2018.^[67] However, in April 2013 NBC confirmed plans for Tonight Show to return to New York after 42 years in Burbank, with comic Jimmi Fallon replacing Leno as host. The change became effective in February 2014.^[68]

The relocation plans changed following Comcast Corp.'s $30 billion acquisition of NBC Universal in January 2011. NBC Universal announced in January 2012 it would relocate the NBC Network, Telemundo 's L.A. Bureau, as well as local stations KNBC va KVEA to the former Technicolor building located on the lower lot of Universal Studios in Universal City.^[69] The former NBC Studios were renamed Burbank studiyasi.

Meanwhile, Conan O'Brien is now based in Burbank, taping his new TBS tok-shou, Konan, from Stage 15 on the Warner lot.^[70] Stage 15, constructed in the late 1920s, is where classics such as Falokat Jeyn (1953), Yonayotgan egarlar (1974), Arvohlar (1984) va Yulduz tug'iladi filmga olingan.

In the early 1990s, Burbank tried unsuccessfully to lure Sony Pictures Entertainment, the Columbia and TriStar studios owner based in Kulver Siti va 20th Century Fox, which had threatened to move from its West Los Angeles lot unless the city granted permission to upgrade its facility. Fox stayed after getting Los Angeles city approval on its $200 million expansion plan. In 1999, the city managed to gain Multfilm tarmoqlari studiyalari which took up residence in an old commercial bakery building located on North 3rd St. when it separated its production operations from Warner Bros. Animatsiyasi yilda Sherman Oaks.

Kino tarixi

Burbank has a rich cinematic history. Hundreds of major feature films have filmed in Burbank over the years, but perhaps none more famous than Kasablanka (1942), bosh rollarda Xemfri Bogart.^[71] The movie began production a few months after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. Due to World War II, location shooting was restricted and filming near airports was banned. Natijada, Kasablanka shot most of its major scenes on Stage 1 at the Warner Bros. Burbank Studios, including the film's famous airport scene. It featured a foggy Moroccan runway created on the stage where Bogart's character doesn't fly away with Ingrid Bergman. Bonni va Klayd (1967) was also filmed at the Warner Bros. Burbank Studios.

The Gary Cooper classic Yuqori peshin (1952) shot on a western street at the Warner Brothers "Ranch", then known as the Columbia Ranch.^[71] The ranch facility is situated less than a mile north of Warner's main lot in Burbank. The 1957 classic 3:10 dan Yumaga also filmed on the old Columbia Ranch, and much of the outdoor filming for the Uch Stooges took place at Columbia Ranch, including most of the chase scenes. In 1993, Warner Bros. bulldozed the historic Burbank-based sets used to film Yuqori peshin and Lee Marvin's 1965 Oscar-winning Western comedy Mushuk Ballou, as well as several other features and television shows.

1974 yil Mel Bruks klassik Yonayotgan egarlar gives the viewer a brief glance behind the scenes as they literally break the to'rtinchi devor onto an adjacent stage, and through the Warner Bros. commissary before spilling out of the main studio gates and onto Olive Avenue.

Other classic live-action films shot in Burbank include Disney's Meri Poppins (1964), filmed on Sound Stage 2 at the Walt Disney Studios. Julie Andrews returned 37 years later to make Disney's Malika kundaliklari (2001). As a tribute to the actress, Disney renamed the sound stage "The Julie Andrews Stage" in 2001. In 2002, a fire broke out on the Disney's Burbank lot, damaging a sound stage where a set was under construction for Disney's feature film Karib dengizi qaroqchilari: Qora marvaridning la'nati (2003). No one was injured in the blaze.

Filmni suratga olish paytida Apollon 13 (1995) va Murabbiy Karter (2005), the producers shot scenes at Burbank's Safari Inn Motel. Haqiqiy romantik (1993) also filmed on location at the motel. Kelajakka qaytib (1985) shot extensively on the Universal Studios backlot but also filmed band audition scenes at the Burbank Community Center. San Fernando Blvd. uchun ikki baravar San-Diego yilda Yo'qotilgan dunyo: Yura davri bog'i (1997) while much of Kristofer Nolan "s Esdalik was shot in and around Burbank with scenes on Burbank Blvd., at the Blue Room (a local bar also featured in the 1994 Maykl Mann xususiyati Issiqlik ), the tattoo parlor, as well as the character Natalie's home.

The city's indoor shopping mall, Burbank shahar markazi, is a popular backdrop for shooting films, television series and commercials. Over the years, it was the site for scenes in Yomon yangiliklar (2005) to location shooting for Sovuq ish, Gilmore Girls, ER va hatto Umidsiz uy bekalari.^[72] The ABC show Umidsiz uy bekalari also was known to frequently use the Magnolia Park area for show scenes, along with the city's retail district along Riverside and adjacent to Toluka ko'li, Kaliforniya. Also, Universal Pictures Larri Kroun shot exterior scenes outside Burbank's Kmart, the store doubled for 'U Mart',^[73] va Hangover II qism (2011) about a breakfast scene at the IHOP restaurant across the street.

During 2010, Burbank experienced a surge in on-location commercial and TV production. The city's film permit official reported 32 permits were issued in December 2010 alone, up from 24 permits in the year-earlier period. Among the 2010 commercials filmed in the city were spots for Baskin-Robbins, Taco Bell va AQSh banki.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

In 2012, an international filmmaking and acting academy opened its doors in Burbank. The school, the International Academy of Film and Television, traces its roots to the Philippines. The first class will include students from 30 countries.^[74]

Burbank today

Heading into 2018, Burbank was expected to decide whether to establish a rent-control ordinance for about 10,400 residential units in the city. State law bars communities in the state from putting rent control on complexes built after February 1995. Any rent control ordinance also would require the exemption of single-family homes and condominiums. Housing costs in California have been going up in the last decade and there's a shortage of affordable housing. Rent control is seen as a way to keep housing costs affordable but some economists have suggested ordinances limiting rent only contribute to California's chronic housing problem.^[75]

Burbank has taken the initiative in various anti-smoking ordinances in the past decade.^[76] In late 2010, Burbank passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in multi-family residences sharing ventilation systems. The rule went into effect in mid-2011. The new anti-smoking ordinance, which also prohibits smoking on private balconies and patios in multi-family residences, is considered the first of its kind in Kaliforniya. Since 2007, Burbank has prohibited smoking at all city-owned properties, downtown Burbank, the Chandler Bikeway, and sidewalk and pedestrian areas.^[77]

The murder of Burbank police officer Matthew Pavelka in 2003 by a local gang known as the Vineland Boys sparked an intensive investigation in conjunction with several other cities and resulted in the arrest of a number of gang members and other citizens in and around Burbank. Among those arrested was Burbank councilwoman Stacey Murphy, implicated in trading guns in exchange for drugs.^[78][79] Pavelka was the first Burbank police officer to be fatally shot in the line of duty in the department's history, according to the California Police Association officials.

The city's namesake street, Burbank Boulevard, started getting a makeover in 2007. The city spent upwards of $10 million to plant palm trees and colorful flowers, a median, new lights, benches and bike racks.

Today, an estimated 100,000 people work in Burbank. The physical imprints of the city's aviation industry remain. In late 2001, the Burbank Empire Center opened with aviation as the theme. The center, built at a cost of $250 million by Zelman Development Company, sits on Empire Avenue, the former site of Lockheed's top-secret "Skunk Works", and other Lockheed properties. By 2003, many of the center's retailers and restaurants were among the top national performers in their franchise. The Burbank Empire Center comprises over 11% of Burbank's sales tax revenue, not including nearby Costco, a part of the Empire Center development.

Work started in summer 2015 to open a Walmart Supercenter on the site of the former Great Indoors store.^[80] The project had been halted since 2011 due to lawsuits.^[81] However, the Walmart store finally opened its doors in June 2016.

Burbank also opened its first Butun oziq-ovqat bozori yaqin Burbank studiyasi lot in June 2018. The mixed-use development also includes apartment units above the store.^[82] The project faced controversy due to traffic concerns and street barriers in the adjacent neighborhood.^[83]

A planned real estate deal announced in April 2019 could bring big changes to Burbank in the coming years. Warner Bros., endi qismi WarnerMedia and under the ownership of telecommunications conglomerate AT & T, is selling its historic Ranch lot off North Hollywood Way and acquiring a new parcel of land off the Kaliforniya shtati 134-yo'nalish Avtomagistral. Warner plans to open a series of two new Frank Geri -designed office towers on the new site that have been described as "like icebergs floating alongside the 134 freeway."^[84]

Geografiya

Ga ko'ra Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosi, Burbank has a total area of 17.4 square miles (45 km²). 17.4 square miles (45 km²) dan quruqlik va 0,04 kvadrat mil (0,10 km)²) uning (0,12%) suvdir. U chegaradosh Glendeyl sharqda, Shimoliy Gollivud va Toluka ko'li g'arbda va Griffit Park janubga The Verdugo tog'lari shimoliy chegarani tashkil qiladi.

Elevations in the city range from 500 feet (150 m) in the lower valley areas to about 800 feet (240 m) near the Verdugo Mountains. Most of Burbank features a water table more than 100 feet (30 m) deep, more than the measures found in the 1940s when the water table was within 50 feet (15 m) of the ground surface in some areas of Burbank.

Geologiya

Burbank is located within a seismically active area. At least eight major faults are mapped within 13.5 miles (21.7 km) of Burbank's civic center. The San Fernando Fault, located 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Burbank's downtown, caused the 6.6 magnitude 1971 yil San-Fernandodagi zilzila.

The Verdugo Fault, which can reach a maximum estimated 6.5 magnitude earthquake on the Rixter shkalasi, is about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the city of Burbank's civic center. This fault extends throughout the city and is located in the alluvium just south of the Verdugo Mountains. The fault is mapped on surface in northeastern Glendale, and at various locations in Burbank. Other nearby faults include the Northridge Hills Fault (10 miles (16 km) northwest of Burbank), the Nyuport-Inglvud xatosi (12.5 miles (20.1 km)), Whittier Fault (21 miles (34 km)), and lastly the San-Andreas xatosi (28 miles (45 km)) with its 8.25 magnitude potential on the Richter Scale.^[85]

Burbank suffered $66.1 million in damage from the 1994 yil Nortrijd zilzilasi, according to the city's finance department. There was $58 million in damage to privately owned facilities in commercial, industrial, manufacturing and entertainment businesses. Another $8.1 million in losses included damaged public buildings, roadways and a power station in Sylmar that is partly owned by Burbank.

Iqlim

Burbank has a issiq yoz O'rta er dengizi iqlimi (Köppen: Csa), featuring hot summers and mild to warm winters. The highest recorded temperature in Burbank was 114 °F (46 °C) on July 6, 2018 and September 5, 2020.^[86] The lowest recorded temperature was 22 °F (−6 °C) on January 29, 1979 and December 8, 1978.^[86] Average annual precipitation is just over 17 inches, but is highly variable from year to year. Wet years (with well over 20 inches of rainfall) are generally associated with El Nino conditions, and dry years with La Nina. The driest water year (October to September of the next year) on record was the 2013–14 season with 5.37 in (136 mm), while the wettest was 1940–41 with 39.29 in (998 mm).^[86] The months that receive the most precipitation are February and January, respectively.^[87]

Haddan tashqari

Mahallalar

Magnolia Park area

Magnolia Park, established on Burbank's western edge in the early 1920s, had 3,500 houses within six years after its creation. When the city refused to pay for a street connecting the subdivision with the Cahuenga Pass, real estate developer and daily farmer Earl L. White did it himself and called it Hollywood Way. White was owner of KELW, the San Fernando Valley's first commercial radio station, which went on the air February 13, 1927. The 1,000-watt radio station was sold in 1935 to the Hearst newspaper company.^[90]

Vintage clothing shops in the Magnolia Park area of Burbank.

The city's Magnolia Park area, bordered by West Verdugo Avenue to the south, Chandler Boulevard to the north, Hollywood Way to the west and Buena Vista Street to the east is known for its small-town feel, shady streets and Eisenhower-era do'kon peshtaxtalari. Most of the homes in the area date to the 1940s, when they were built for veterans of World War II. Central to the community is Magnolia Boulevard, known for its antique shops, boutiques, thrift shops, corner markets, and occasional chain stores.^[91] The neighborhood is in constant struggle with developers looking to expand and update Magnolia Boulevard. Independent merchants and slow-growth groups have fought off new construction and katta do'konlari. The neighborhood remains quiet despite being beneath the airport flight path and bordered by arterial streets.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

One of the centerpieces of the area's comeback has been Porto's Bakery at the old Albin's drug store site located at 3606 and 3614 West Magnolia Boulevard. As part of the project, Burbank loaned Porto's funds for building upgrades. Under the agreement, a portion of the loan will be forgiven over a 10-year period. East of Porto's is Antique Row, a hub for shopping in the city.^[92]

Other enhancements include converting the disused railroad right-of-way along Chandler Boulevard into a landscaped bikeway and pedestrian path. This project was part of a larger bike route linking Burbank's downtown Metrolink station with the Red Line subway in North Hollywood. The bike-friendly neighborhood and vintage shops has made this a part of the San Fernando Valley that is frequented by Hipsterlar.^[93]

Rancho Equestrian area

Perhaps the most famous collection of neighborhoods in Burbank is the Rancho Equestrian District, flanked roughly by Griffith Park to the south, Victory Boulevard to the east, Olive Avenue to the west and Alameda Avenue to the north. Part of the Rancho community extends into neighboring Glendale.

The neighborhood zoning allows residents to keep horses on their property. Single-family homes far outnumber multifamily units in the Rancho, and many of the homes have stables and horse stalls. There are about 785 single-family homes, 180 condos and townhomes, and 250 horses.

The Rancho has traditionally been represented by the Burbank Rancho Homeowners, which was formed in 1963 by Floran Frank and other equestrian enthusiasts and is the oldest neighborhood group in the city. The community recently stopped the development of a Whole Foods store in the Rancho area.

Rancho real estate sells at a premium due to its equestrian zoning, numerous parks, connection to riding trails in Griffith Park and its adjacency to Warner Bros. and Disney Studios. Riverside Drive, its main thoroughfare, is lined with chinor va eman trees, some more than 70 years old. It is quite common to see people on otga minish along Riverside Drive's designated horse lanes. Of historical note, the Rancho was the home to TV star Mister Ed, the talking horse of the early 1960s show of the same name. Other notable former Rancho residents included Ava Gardner va Tab ovchisi, shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Bette Devis in the adjoining Glendale Rancho area.

The rancho is especially known for its parks and open space. This includes centrally located Mountain View Park, Johnny Carson Park, Los Angeles' Griffith Park and Equestrian Center, Bette Davis Park (in the adjoining Glendale Rancho) and the neighborhood's beloved Polliwog, extending along Disney's animation building and used by local residents to exercise their horses.

1960-yillarda, General Motors korporatsiyasi opened training facilities on Riverside Drive in the Rancho area, but in 1999 decided to contract out dealer-technician training to Raytheon kompaniyasi and dismissed a dozen employees. In 2006, GM confiscated EV1 electric-powered cars from drivers who had leased them and moved them to the GM facility in Burbank. When environmentalists determined the location of the cars, they began a month-long vigil at the facility.^[94] To challenge the company's line that they were unwanted, they found buyers for all of them, offering a total of $1.9 million.^[95] The vehicles were loaded on trucks and removed, and several activists who tried to intervene were arrested. The property was sold in 2012 to Lycée International de Los Angeles (LILA), a dual French-English language school, who opened a private high school in August 2013.^[96] The new school includes 23 classrooms, four labs, an auditorium, an art room, an indoor sports rooms, two outdoor volleyball courts and basketball courts, according to the school's website.

Taniqli joylar

Warner Bros. Studios

The Warner Bros. Studios, the head quarters of Warner Bros., ning sho'ba korxonasi AT & T "s WarnerMedia

Warner Bros. Studios, Burbank bu katta film yaratish facility owned and run by Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. yilda Burbank, Kaliforniya.^[97] Birinchi milliy rasmlar built the 62-acre (25 ha) studiya partiyasi in 1926 as it expanded from a film distributor to film production.^[98]The financial success of Jazz qo'shiqchisi va Qo'shiqchi ahmoq enabled Warner Bros. to purchase a majority interest in First National in September 1928 and it began moving its productions into the Burbank lot. The First National studio, as it was then known, became the official home of Warner Bros.–First National Pictures with four tovush bosqichlari.^[99] By 1937, Warner Bros. had all but closed the Sunset studio, making the Burbank lot its main headquarters — which it remains to this day. Eventually Warner dissolved the First National company and the site has often been referred to as simply Warner Bros. Studios beri. The studio runs public backlot tours that offers visitors the chance to glimpse behind the scenes of one the oldest film studios in the world (Warner Bros. Studio Tour Hollywood ). 1999 yilda, Multfilm tarmoqlari studiyalari, ning bo'linishi Warner Bros. took up residence in an old commercial bakery building located on North 3rd St. when it separated its production operations from Warner Bros. Animatsiyasi yilda Sherman Oaks. On April 15, 2019, it was announced that Warner Bros. will sell Warner Bros. Ranch, another one of it's facility, to Worthe Real Estate Group and Stockbridge Real Estate Fund as part of a larger real estate deal to be completed in 2023 which will see the studio get ownership of Burbank studiyasi uning 100 yilligini nishonlash uchun.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Uolt Disney studiyasi

The Uolt Disney studiyasi, qarorgohi Uolt Disney kompaniyasi

The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank serve as the international headquarters for media conglomerate Uolt Disney kompaniyasi. Disney staff began the move from the old Disney studio at Hyperion Avenue in Kumush ko'l on December 24, 1939. Designed primarily by Kem Weber nazorati ostida Uolt Disney va uning ukasi Roy, the Burbank Disney Studio buildings are the only studios to survive from the Golden Age of film. Disney is the only remaining yirik studiya company to remain independent from a larger conglomerate and whose parent entity is still located in the Los Angeles area. Disney is also the only major film studio that does not run public backlot tours.

Providencia Ranch

Filmmaking began in the Providencia Ranch area (marked in yellow on the Providencia Land, Water & Development Co. map in ushbu bo'lim ). Nestor Studios began using the ranch location in 1911. The Providencia Ranch became part of the Universal Film Manufacturing operations on the Pacific/West Coast in 1912. From 1912 to 1914 Universal's ranch studio was also referred to as the Oak Crest Ranch. Carl Laemmle called the ranch "Universal City" as recorded in issues of Ko'chib yuruvchi rasm olami Volume: 16 (April – June 1913). Universal City existed on the Providencia Land and Water property from 1912 to 1914. In 1914, the Oak Crest studio ranch and Hollywood studio operation would move to the new Universal City located on the Lankershim Land and Water property. The official public opening occurred March 15, 1915, on the Lankershim Property. The new Universal City (three tracts of land) was much larger than the old Universal (Oak/Providencia) Ranch. The Universal Ranch tract of land became smaller after the 1914 move to the Taylor Ranch. The leased land surrounding the universal ranch would soon become the Lasky Ranch. The Providencia property was used as a filming location by other motion picture companies, most notably for battle scenes in the silent classic about the American Civil War, Xalqning tug'ilishi (1915).

Demografiya

Burbank experienced a 4.8% increase in population between 2000 and 2016, bringing its total population in 2016 to 105,110.^[101] Population growth was influenced by Burbank's expanding employment base, high quality public schools, and access to regional transportation routes and metropolitan Los Angeles. According to the Southern California Association of Government's 2016 Demographic and Growth Forecast, the population of Burbank is expected to reach about 118,700 by 2040, an increase of 15% from 2012.^[102]

2010

The 2010 yil Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari aholini ro'yxatga olish^[103] reported that Burbank had a population of 103,340. The aholi zichligi was 5,946.3 people per square mile (2,295.9/km²). The racial makeup of Burbank was 75,167 (72.7%) Oq (58.3% Non-Hispanic White),^[104] 2,600 (2.5%) Afroamerikalik, 486 (0.5%) Tug'ma amerikalik, 12,007 (11.6%) Osiyo, 89 (0.1%) Tinch okean orollari, 7,999 (7.7%) from boshqa irqlar, and 4,992 (4.8%) from two or more races. Ispancha yoki Lotin tili of any race were 25,310 persons (24.5%).

The Census reported that 102,767 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 291 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 282 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 41,940 households, out of which 12,386 (29.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 18,388 (43.8%) were qarama-qarshi jinsdagi turmush qurgan juftliklar living together, 4,984 (11.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,050 (4.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,177 (5.2%) turmush qurmagan qarama-qarshi jinsiy aloqalar, and 396 (0.9%) bir jinsli turmush qurgan juftliklar yoki hamkorlik. 12,823 households (30.6%) were made up of individuals, and 4,179 (10.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Uy xo'jaliklarining o'rtacha kattaligi 2,45 edi. There were 25,422 oilalar (60.6% of all households); the average family size was 3.13.

The population was spread out, with 20,488 people (19.8%) under the age of 18, 8,993 people (8.7%) aged 18 to 24, 32,513 people (31.5%) aged 25 to 44, 27,552 people (26.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 13,794 people (13.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. O'rtacha yoshi 38,9 yil edi. Har 100 ayolga 93,6 erkak to'g'ri kelgan. 18 yoshdan katta bo'lgan har 100 ayolga 91,6 erkak to'g'ri keladi.

There were 44,309 housing units at an average density of 2,549.6 per square mile (984.4/km²), of which 18,465 (44.0%) were owner-occupied, and 23,475 (56.0%) were occupied by renters. Uy egalarining bo'sh ish stavkasi 1,6% ni tashkil etdi; ijara bo'yicha bo'sh ish o'rinlari darajasi 5,3% ni tashkil etdi. 50,687 people (49.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 52,080 people (50.4%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, Burbank had a median household income of $66,240, with 9.4% of the population living below the federal poverty line.^[104]

2000

While white residents continue to comprise the majority of Burbank's population, this proportion has decreased substantially from almost 80% in 1980 to approximately 72% in 2000.^[105] In contrast, the share of Hispanic residents increased steadily over the past two decades, growing from 16% in 1980 to 25% in 2000. Although Asian residents represent a smaller segment of the population, the share of Asian residents more than tripled since 1980, increasing from 3% in 1980 to 9% in 2000. The black population remained limited, rising from less than 1% in 1980 to almost 2% in 2000.

Dan boshlab ro'yxatga olish^[106] of 2000, there were 100,316 people, 41,608 households, and 24,382 families residing in the city. The aholi zichligi was 5,782.4 inhabitants per square mile (2,232.4/km²). There were 42,847 housing units at an average density of 2,469.8 per square mile (953.5/km²). Shaharning irqiy tarkibi 72,2% ni tashkil etdi Oq, 2.1% Qora yoki Afroamerikalik, 0.6% Tug'ma amerikalik, 9.2% Osiyo, 0.1% Tinch okean orollari, 9,9% dan boshqa irqlar, and 6.0% from two or more races. Ispancha yoki Lotin tili of any race were 24.9% of the population.

There were 41,608 households, out of which 28.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.8% were turmush qurgan juftliklar living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. 33.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. O'rtacha yoshi 36 yosh edi. Har 100 ayolga 94,1 erkak to'g'ri kelgan. 18 yoshdan katta bo'lgan har 100 ayolga 90,7 erkak to'g'ri keladi.

The median income for a household in the city was $72,347, and the median income for a family was $78,767. Males had a median income of $59,792 versus $41,273 for females. The jon boshiga daromad for the city was $29,713. About 6% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the qashshoqlik chegarasi, including 24.4% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.

Jinoyat

Burbank's overall jinoyatchilik darajasi for violent and property crimes during 2018 fell by about nearly 11% compared with 2017 levels, according to the statistics from the city police department. It represented the first decline in three years, with property and violent crimes in the city falling from 3,197 in 2017 to 2,852 in 2018.^[107] Rapes also were down in 2018, according to the police data. There were no murders listed in Burbank during 2018, 2017 and 2016. Three bodies were found in Burbank in 2018, but these homicides were determined to have occurred in Riverside County.^[108] Niche, a national online database that publishes city rankings, listed Burbank in 2018 as one of the top-13 "safest cities in America"^[109] and number 63 in terms of the "best cities to live."^[110]

Burbank's violent jinoyatchilik darajasi was approximately 2.34 per 1,000 people in 2009, well below the national average of 4.29 per 1,000 people as reported by the U.S. Department of Justice in the Bureau of Justice Statistics.^[111] Furthermore, Burbank was named again in 2010 as One of the Nation's 100 Best Communities for Young People by America's Promise Alliance.^[112]

As of December 2011, Burbank Police began for the first time posting arrest information online.^[113] The website contains archives from the start of the program.

Criminal offenses are charged and locally prosecuted in the Burbank Courthouse. The Los Angeles District Attorney handles all of the felony violations which occur within Burbank city limits. The Burbank City Attorney, through its Prosecution Division, handles the remaining violations, which include all misdemeanors, and municipal code violations such as the Burbank Anti-Smoking Ordinance, as well as traffic offenses. The Burbank Superior Court is a high-volume courthouse; the City Prosecutor files approximately 5,500 cases yearly, and the Burbank Police Department directly files approximately 12,000 to 15,000 traffic citations per year. Burbank Court, Division Two, handles all of the misdemeanor arraignments for Burbank offenses. A typical arraignment calendar is between 100 and 120 cases each day, including 15 to 25 defendants who are brought to court in custody. Many cases are initiated by arrests at the Hollywood Burbank Airport. Common arrests include possession of drugs such as marijuana, weapons, prohibited items, as well as false identification charges.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Iqtisodiyot

Office space in the Burbank media district along California State Route 134

The second-largest office space market in the San Fernando Valley is located in Burbank. Much of the space is utilized by the entertainment industry, which has among the highest office lease rates in the region.^[114] In 2017, two entities owned about 70% of Burbank's office space.^[115]

About 150,000 people work in Burbank each day, or more than live in the city. As of 2016, only 25% of the city's employed residents worked in Burbank.^[116] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2012 there were 17,587 companies within the city of Burbank and with combined payroll totaling in excess of $13.4 billion.^[117]

A good chunk of Burbank's economy is based on the entertainment industry, everything from Mickey Mouse to SpongeBob SquarePants. Esa Gollivud may be a symbol of the entertainment industry, much of the actual production occurs in Burbank. Many companies have headquarters or facilities in Burbank, including Warner Bros. Entertainment, Warner Music Group, Afsonaviy rasmlar, Uolt Disney kompaniyasi, ABC, Multfilm tarmoqlari studiyalari with the West Coast headquarters of Multfilm tarmog'i, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, New Wave Entertainment, Uyqusiz o'yinlar va G'arbiy sohil bojxonasi.

Many ancillary companies from Arri cameras, to Cinelease, Entertainment Partners, JL Fisher, and Matthews Studio Equipment also maintain a presence in Burbank. Xytech Systems Corporation, a business software and services provider to the entertainment industry, is headquartered in Burbank.

Mahalliy IATSE union offices for the Stagehands Local 33, Tutqichlar Local 80, Make-up and Hairstylist Local 706, Set Painters Local 729 and Animation Guild Local 839 also make their home in Burbank with Teamsters Local 399, IBEW Local 40 and many other IATSE locals nearby.

Burbank's economy felt stress as a result of the recession. From 2007 to 2016, the city had more than 1,200 home foreclosures, with about three-fourths of them happening from 2007 to 2011.^[49] City officials prepared for cutbacks going into 2009. Burbank's City Manager, Mike Flad, estimated the city's 2009–10 fiscal budget would suffer a 5% shortfall. In fact, the city's budget woes continued well into 2017. At the beginning of the budget development process for fiscal 2016–17, the city's staff was projecting a recurring budget deficit of $1.3 million for the year.^[118] That followed several years of across-the-board budget cuts by various city departments, according to budget documents. Even so, the city still managed to add some new positions and increase fire staffing. One of the increased costs Burbank and many other California cities are coping with is unfunded pension liability.

The city manager's budget message in 2016-17 identified Burbank's aging infrastructure as one of the top priorities of city officials but also one of its biggest financial challenges. The city's 2017 budget documents indicated Burbank should be spending at least $5 million more annually to address the backlog of maintenance on infrastructure and update Burbank's facilities.^[119] Regardless, the city forecasts it will post a deficit for at least the next five years, projecting about $9.4 million in red ink in fiscal year 2017-18 and a deficit of about $27.4 million by 2022–23.^[120]

As of April 2012, unemployment in the Burbank area stood at 8.4%, or below the state's jobless rate of 10.9%, according to the California Employment Development Department.^[121] Back in January 2011, the unemployment rate in Burbank had reached 10.7%, according to EDD.^[122] By November 2017, though, the unemployment rate in Burbank was just 3.4%, below the 4.1% rate in Los Angeles County, according to EDD data.^[123]

One bright spot in the otherwise bleak job market during the recession was Kaiser Permanente's decision to relocate some administrative offices near the Burbank airport.^[124] The relocation from Kaiser's Glendale and Pasadena administrative offices to Burbank was completed in 2009. Additionally, KCET television announced plans in 2012 to relocate to Burbank's Media District.^[125] KCET is a former PBS station and the nation's largest independent station in southern and central California. Hasbro studiyalari also is located in Burbank just east of the airport in a commercial complex previously occupied by Yahoo.

Looking north at Burbank from Griffith Park, 2006

Eng yaxshi ish beruvchilar

According to the city's 2016 Burbank Community Profile,^[126] shaharning eng yaxshi ish beruvchilari:

Xarid qilish

The revitalized downtown Burbank provides an urban mix of shopping, dining, and entertainment. The San Fernando Strip is an exclusive mall designed to be a modern urban village, with apartments above the mall. An upscale shopping district is located in the state-of-the-art Empire Center neighborhood. The Burbank shahar markazi is a retail complex adjacent to the downtown core that was built in two phases between 1991 and 1992.

In 1979, the Burbank Redevelopment Agency entered into an agreement with San Diego-based Ernest Hahn Company to build a regional mall known as Media City Center. It would later get renamed Burbank shahar markazi and undergo a $130 million facelift starting in 2004, including a new exterior streetscape façade. The agency, helped out with its powers of eminent domain, spent $52 million to buy up the 41-acre (170,000 m²) land in the area bounded by the Golden State Freeway, Burbank Boulevard, Third Street and Magnolia Boulevard.

Original plans were for Media City Center included four anchor tenants, including a J.W. Robinson's. But May Co. Department Stores later bought the parent company of Robinson's and dropped out of the deal. The other stores then dropped out as well and Hahn and the agency dropped the project in March 1987. Within months, Burbank entered into negotiations with the Uolt Disney kompaniyasi for a shopping mall and office complex to be called the "Disney MGM Backlot."^[127] Disney had estimated that it could spend $150 million to $300 million on a complex of shops, restaurants, theaters, clubs and hotel, and had offered to move its animation department and Disney kanali cable network operation to the property as well. These plans ended in failure in February 1988 when Disney executives determined that the costs were too high.

In January 1989, Burbank began Media City Center project negotiations with two developers, the Alexander Haagen Co. of Manhattan Beach and Price Kornwasser Associates of San Diego. Eight months later, Haagen won the contract and commenced construction, leading to the $250 million mall's opening in August 1991. Haagen bilan tuzilgan shartnomaga ko'ra, shahar 18 million dollarlik avtoulov garajini moliyalashtirdi va atrofni obodonlashtirish uchun 8 dan 12 million dollargacha mablag 'ajratdi. Rejalar Sheraton korporatsiyasi Savdo markazida 300 xonali mehmonxonani qurish uchun iqtisod sustligi sababli to'xtatib qo'yilgan edi.

Yangi savdo markazi bir necha yirik sanoat ish beruvchilarining ketishi, shu jumladan Lockheed Corp-ning ketishi natijasida qattiq zarar ko'rgan Burbankning muammoli iqtisodiyotini qiyinlashtirdi. Markaz shaharni qayta qurish uchun 50 million dollar mablag 'bilan qisman moliyalashtirildi. Qurilish ko'p yillar davomida iqtisodiy muammolar va siyosiy tartibsizliklar tufayli shubha ostiga qo'yilgan edi, chunki u birinchi bo'lib 1970-yillarning oxirlarida taklif qilingan edi. 2003 yilda Irvindagi Crown Realty & Development kompaniyasi 120000 kvadrat metr (110.000 m) sotib oldi²) Burbank shahar markazi Pan Pacific Pacific savdo xususiyatlari 111 million dollarga. Keyin toj yollandi General Growth Properties Inc., mulkni boshqarish va lizing bojlari uchun Chikagoda joylashgan ko'chmas mulk sarmoyasi ishonchi. O'sha paytda Burbank savdo markazi 6-chi chakana savdo markazi sifatida tan olingan Los-Anjeles okrugi ijaraga olinadigan kvadrat metrga nisbatan, ijarachilarning taxminiy umumiy hajmi 240 million dollardan oshgan.

1994 yilda Lockheed Chikago shahrini tanladi Homart Development Company ilgari chakana savdo markazining ishlab chiqaruvchisi sifatida Lockheed P-38 chaqmoq Burbank aeroporti yaqinida ishlab chiqariladigan yirik toksik tozalash loyihasi amalga oshirilgan. Bir yil o'tgach, Lockheed birlashdi Martin Marietta bolmoq Lockheed Martin Corp. Lockheed federal tarkibida toksik moddalarni tozalashni buyurdi Superfund sayt.^[128] Shimoliy Burbank hududi 1989 yilda San-Fernando vodiysining eng issiq zaharli joyi sifatida tanilgan Janubiy qirg'oq havo sifatini boshqarish tumani, Lockheed asosiy yordamchilar orasida aniqlangan.^[129] Lockheed har doim saytni saqlab turardi, hech qachon jamiyat uchun sog'liq uchun xavf tug'dirmaydi.

Lockheed P-38 chaqmoq Burbankdagi ishlab chiqarish liniyasi. Sayt hozirda Burbank Empire Center-ning joylashgan joyi.

Golden State Freewayning sharqida joylashgan Lockheed zaharli tozalash joyi keyinchalik uyga aylandi Empire markazi. Saytda 300 million dollarlik tashqi savdo markazini qurish uchun to'rtta ishlab chiquvchi tanlov uchun tanlandi. 1999 yilda Lockheed Los-Anjelesda joylashgan Zelman Cos. boshqa da'vogarlar qatoridan 103 sotixda (0,42 km) chakana-ofis majmuasini yaratish²) sayt.^[130] Zelman 2000 yilda bu erni 70 million dollarga sotib olgan. Savdo shartnomasining bir qismi sifatida Lockheed saytda tuproq bug'larini olib tashlashni amalga oshirdi. Lockheed 1928-1991 yillarda saytda samolyotlar ishlab chiqargan. Yiqitish uchun 42 million dollar va uchastkani tekshirish uchun 12 million dollar bilan birgalikda Lockheed oxir-oqibat loyihaga 115 million dollar sarflaydi.

Warner Bros. sobiq B-1 bombardimonchilar zavodi maydonida Shohlar va Klippers uchun sport arenasini qurishni taklif qildi. Price Club uni yangi do'kon uchun sotib olishni xohladi. Disney u erda ham ba'zi operatsiyalarni o'tkazishni o'ylardi. Shahar ushbu saytni jalb qilish uchun muvaffaqiyatsiz urinishida ishlatgan DreamWorks Burbankka.^[131] Feniksga asoslangan Vestar Development Company chakana savdo rivojlanishini rejalashtirgan va 1998 yil oxirida chiqib ketishdan oldin Lockheed-dan mulkni sotib olish bo'yicha muzokaralarda bir yildan ko'proq vaqt sarflagan.

Ishga kirishganidan sakkiz oy o'tmay, Empire Center-ning birinchi do'konlari 2001 yil oktyabr oyida ochildi. Mahalliy rasmiylar taxmin qilishlaricha, ushbu majmua shahar uchun yiliga taxminan 3,2 million dollarlik daromad solig'i va 3500 ga yaqin mahalliy ish o'rinlarini yaratadi.^[132] Tugatilgan bir yil ichida Empire Center tushkunlikka qaramay, shaharga savdo solig'i tushumlarining sog'lom o'sishini ta'minlashga yordam berdi. Faqatgina Empire savdo majmuasi 2002 yilning ikkinchi choragida 800 ming AQSh dollari miqdoridagi savdo solig'i tushumini yaratdi. Savdo markazining tashqi binolari ishlab chiqarish zavodlariga o'xshab Lockheed-ning ulug'vor kunlarida boshlandi. Tashqi belgilarning har birida Lockheed samolyotining nusxasi mavjud, savdo markazi dizayni esa miniatyurani boshqarish minorasi bilan jihozlangan aeroportni esga soladi.^[133]

2009 yilda Empire Center bilan qo'shni bo'lgan 130 million dollarlik ofis loyihasi ustida ish tugallandi. Etti qavatli minoraning qurib bitkazilishi Bob Hope aeroporti yaqinida aralash imperiya rivojlanishining so'nggi bosqichi bo'ldi.

2012 yil oxirida IKEA Burbankdagi yangi saytga ko'chib o'tishni rejalashtirayotganini e'lon qildi. Uning asl joyi Burbank Town Center savdo markazining shimolida joylashgan. Yangi joy 2014 yilda shahar tomonidan ma'qullangan va Alameda xiyobonining shimolida va Oltin shtat shosse yo'lining sharqida joylashgan. 456,000 kvadrat metrlik yangi do'kon 2017 yil fevral oyida qurib bitkazildi va u ochilganda AQShdagi eng yirik IKEA edi.^[134]

Ayni paytda, savdo markazining shimolidagi eski IKEA sayti o'z qiyofasini olmoqda va u turar-joy va chakana savdo maydonchalarini namoyish etadi. Shuningdek, "Burbank Town Center" savdo markazining o'zi ham o'zining qiyofasini o'zgartirmoqda. Ikkala loyiha birgalikda 350 million dollardan oshishi kutilmoqda. Xabarlarga ko'ra, qayta qurish eski IKEA saytidan shimolda joylashgan ba'zi erlardan, shu jumladan Office Max joylashgan joydan foydalanishni o'z ichiga oladi.^[135]

Hukumat

Burbank a charter shahar a ostida ishlaydigan kengash - menejer boshqaruv shakli.^[2] 1927 yilda saylovchilar boshqaruvning kengash-menejer shaklini tasdiqladilar. Besh kishidan iborat shahar Kengashi to'rt yillik takrorlanadigan muddatlarga saylanadi, shahar hokimi har yili Kengash orasidan tayinlanadi. Shahar kotibi va shahar g'aznachisi ham saylanadigan amaldorlardir.

Burbank o't o'chirish punkti 12

Burbank to'liq xizmat ko'rsatuvchi, mustaqil shahar bo'lib, shahar menejeri va shahar prokurori ofislari hamda jamoatchilikni rivojlantirish, moliyaviy xizmatlar, yong'in, axborot texnologiyalari, kutubxonalar xizmati, menejment xizmatlari, politsiya, istirohat bog'lari va dam olish va jamoat xizmatlari, jamoat bo'limlari mavjud. Ishlar va Burbank suv va quvvat (BWP). Birinchi kuch 1913 yilda Burbank shahar chegaralarida taqsimlangan va keyinchalik ta'minlangan Janubiy Kaliforniyaning Edison kompaniyasi. Bugungi kunda shaharga qarashli BWP Burbankdagi 45 ming xonadon va 6000 korxonaga suv va elektr energiyasi bilan xizmat qiladi. Bundan tashqari, yillik 382 million dollarlik daromad keltiruvchi dastur optik tolali xizmatlarni taklif etadi. Burbankning axlat yig'ish xizmati 1920 yilda boshlangan; tashqi uylar 1922 yilda taqiqlangan.

Burbankning hozirgi quvvatining katta qismi Magnoliya Bulvarida joylashgan 328 megavattli elektr stantsiyani Magnolia Power Project-dan olinadi. Davlatlararo 5 Avtomagistral. Kaliforniyaning oltita shahri (Burbank, Glendeyl, Anaxaym. Pasadena, Kolton va Cerritos) birgalikda egallangan shahar elektr stantsiyasi 2005 yilda elektr energiyasini ishlab chiqarishni boshladi. Bu deyarli 60 yil davomida Burbank mijozlariga xizmat ko'rsatgan 1941 yilgi ob'ektni almashtirdi.^[136]

Balandlikda Kaliforniyadagi 2001 yilgi energetika inqirozi, BWP o'z poligonida mini elektr stantsiyasini namoyish qildi. Bu Capstone mikroturbin texnologiyasidan foydalangan holda dunyodagi birinchi tijorat chiqindixona elektr stantsiyasini belgiladi. O'nta mikroturbin ishlaydi chiqindixonadagi gaz, Burbank uchun 300 kilovatt qayta tiklanadigan energiya ishlab chiqarish. Bu 250 ga yaqin uyning kundalik ehtiyojlarini qondirish uchun etarli energiya. Poligon shaharning shimoli-sharqiy qismida joylashgan Verdugo tog'larida joylashgan.^[137] 2015 yilda Burbank 2007 yilga belgilangan maqsadga muvofiq shaharni 33% qayta tiklanadigan energiya bilan ta'minlashni muddatidan besh yil oldin amalga oshirdi. 2017 yilga kelib, shahar energiya manbalarining 35 foizini qayta tiklanadigan manbalardan oladi.

Boshqa shaharlar singari Kaliforniya, Burbank shtatining 2015 yil aprel oyida e'lon qilingan qurg'oqchilikka qarshi favqulodda vaziyatlar rejasiga binoan talab qilinadigan suvning majburiy uzilishlariga duch keldi. Burbank suvdan foydalanishni 2013 yil darajasidan 28 foizga kamaytirishi kerak edi. Davlat talablarni bajarmaganlik uchun qattiq jarimalar bilan tahdid qildi. Hatto 2019 yilda ham shahar Barqaror suvdan foydalanish to'g'risidagi farmon deb nomlangan narsani amalga oshirmoqda.^[138] Bu shuni anglatadiki, purkagichlar bilan landshaft sug'orish haftasiga 3 kungacha, faqat seshanba, payshanba va shanba kunlari amalga oshiriladi.

Burbank shahar kengashi 2000 yilda mazhablararo ibodat bilan uchrashuvlarni boshlash huquqiga oid sud ishida yutqazdi.^[139] A Los-Anjeles okrugining yuqori sudi sudya aniq dinlarga ishora qilgan ibodatlar birinchi tuzatishda cherkov va davlatni ajratish printsipini buzgan deb qaror qildi. Chaqiruvlarga hali ham ruxsat berilayotganda, Burbank mutasaddilari barcha ulamolarga Kengash majlislari doirasida mazhablararo namoz o'qish Konstitutsiyaga binoan yo'l qo'yilmasligi to'g'risida maslahat berishlari shart edi.

1977 yilda Kaliforniyaliklar o'tib ketishdi Taklif 13, mol-mulk solig'i tashabbusi va Burbank va shtatning boshqa shaharlari tez orada cheklangan daromadlarga duch kelishdi. Burbank jamiyat tomonidan kutilayotgan xizmatlar darajasini saqlab qolish natijalari bilan shug'ullangan, ammo baribir shahar moliya ta'siriga ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Natijada, "Burbank" rasmiylari ba'zi xizmatlarni qisqartirishni va ixtisoslashgan xizmatlar va maxsus zonalarga ajratilgan hududlarda istiqomat qiluvchilar uchun to'lovlarni amalga oshirishni tanladilar. Bitta haq, agar ular qishloqqa ajratilishini yo'qotmaslik uchun otga ega bo'lmasalar ham, ot mulklari egalari uchun ot litsenziyasi uchun to'lov edi.^[140]

Hokimiyat

Burbank shahar hokimligi

1916 yilda asl Burbank shahar zali loyihani moliyalashtirish va o't o'chirish moslamalari uchun to'lovlarni amalga oshirish uchun obligatsiyalar chiqarilgandan so'ng qurilgan. Burbankning hozirgi meriyasi 1941-1942 yillarda neo-federalist Moderne uslubida so'nggi Depressiya davrida mashhur bo'lgan. Mablag'lari hisobidan ushbu qurilish umumiy qiymati 409 000 AQSh dollarini tashkil etdi Federal ish agentligi va Loyihani boshqarish dasturlar. City Hall me'morlar tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan Uilyam Allen va V.Jorj Lutzi va 1943 yilda tugatgan.

Dastlab shahar hokimligi binosida shaharning barcha xizmatlari, jumladan politsiya va o't o'chiruvchilar, shoshilinch tibbiy yordam bo'limi, sud binosi va qamoqxona joylashgan edi. Krem rangdagi beton binoning o'ziga xos xususiyatlaridan biri bu asosiy qabulxona vazifasini bajaradigan 77 metrlik (23 m) minoradir. Qabulxonaning ichki qismida 20 dan ortiq marmar turlari mavjud bo'lib, ularni polda, peshtoqlarda, devorlarda va katta zinapoyaning pog'onalarida va ko'targichlarda topish mumkin. Rassom Ugo Ballin Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida Burbank shahar Kengashining palatalarida "To'rt erkinlik" devoriy rasmini yaratdi, garchi bu san'at ixlosmandlari shaharni devor to'liq ochilganiga ishontirguncha o'nlab yillar davomida yopiq edi. Ballinning asarlari Prezidentda bayon etilgan "To'rt erkinlik" ni aks ettiradi Franklin Ruzvelt imzolashda 1941 yilgi nutq Atlantika xartiyasi.

1996 yilda shahar meriyasi qo'shildi AQShning tarixiy joylarning milliy reestri, Burbankdagi reestrga kiritilgan ikkinchi binoga aylandi. Birinchisi, Burbank-ning zaytun prospektidagi shahar hokimligidan bir necha blok narida joylashgan asosiy pochta idorasi edi. 1998 yilda Burbankning zamonaviy Politsiya / Yong'inga qarshi inshooti ochildi.

Hokimlar ro'yxati

Burbank meri Uill Rojers shaharni 2017 yil 1 maydan 2018 yil 19 aprelda vafotigacha boshqargan.^[141] Rojers 2015 yildan beri kengash a'zosi bo'lib ishlagan. Rojersning vakolat muddati 2019 yil 1 mayda tugashi kerak edi. Emili Gabel-Lyuddi 2018 yil 30 aprelda yangi meri etib saylandi.^[142] Bungacha u Rojers vafotidan keyin shahar vitse-meri va meri vazifasini bajaruvchi sifatida ishlagan.

Bu Kaliforniya shtatidagi Burbank shahar hokimlari ro'yxati. Shahar hokimi har yili bir yillik muddatga ishlaydigan shahar kengashi orasidan tayinlanadi.^[143]

Tuman vakolatxonasi

The Los-Anjeles okrugining sog'liqni saqlash xizmati Glendale sog'liqni saqlash markazida ishlaydi Glendeyl, Burbank xizmat ko'rsatmoqda.^[152]

Shtat va federal vakillik

In davlat qonun chiqaruvchi organi, Burbank ichida 25-Senat okrugi tomonidan ifodalangan Demokrat Entoni Portantino va 43-yig'ilish okrugi tomonidan ifodalangan Demokrat Laura Fridman.^[153] In Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Vakillar palatasi, Burbank Kaliforniya shtatiga bo'lingan 28-chi va 30-chi Kongress okruglari,^[154] tomonidan ifodalanadigan Demokrat Adam Shiff va Demokrat Bred Sherman navbati bilan.^[155] In Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Senati, Burbank vakili Kaliforniyaning senatorlari Dianne Faynshteyn va Kamala Xarris.^[156]

The Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining pochta xizmati (USPS) ishlaydi Burbank shahar markazidagi pochta aloqasi. Ilgari USPS Burbankdagi Glenoaks pochta bo'limini ham boshqargan. Pochta xizmatlarini ko'rsatadigan hududdagi korxonalar tufayli Glenoaksdagi trafik pasayib ketdi va 2011 yilda USPS filialni yopish to'g'risida o'ylashni boshladi. 2013 yilda agentlik ushbu filialni yopishini e'lon qildi. Kongress vakili Adam Shiff yopilishiga qarshi chiqdi.^[157] O'chirish 2014 yilda sodir bo'lgan. USPS yopilishidan o'n yil davomida 740,270 dollar tejashga umid qilgan.^[158] Burbank Downtown Glenoaks funktsiyalarini o'zlashtirdi.^[157]

Ta'lim

Providencia maktabi

Burbank ichida joylashgan Burbank yagona maktab okrugi. Tuman 1879 yil 3-iyunda, fuqarolar S.W. Oq va boshqa to'qqiz fuqaro.^[14] Dastlab Providensiya maktab okrugi deb nomlangan Burbank tumani hududning eng yirik er egasi doktor Burbank tomonidan sovg'a qilingan joyda 400 dollarga qurilgan bitta maktab uyidan boshlandi. Birinchi maktab binosi, to'qqiz oilaga xizmat ko'rsatadigan bitta qizil daraxtli bino, hozirgi Mariposa ko'chasi yonidagi Burbank bulvarida joylashgan. 1887 yilda San Fernando Blvd-da yangi maktab binosi qurildi. Burbank savdo markazida bo'lgan Magnolia bulvari.

1908 yilda fuqarolar o'rta maktab qurish uchun pul yig'ish uchun majburiy choralarni o'tkazdilar. O'sha paytda Burbank hududidagi o'rta maktab o'quvchilari Glendeyldagi maktablarda tahsil olishgan. 1908 yil 14 sentyabrda ochilganda, asl nusxasi Burbank o'rta maktabi 42 talaba va ikkita o'qituvchi bo'lgan.^[14]

Burbankda Kaliforniyadagi bir nechta taniqli maktablar, shu jumladan Lyuter Burbank O'rta maktab va Devid Starr Iordaniya o'rta maktabi. Ikkalasi ham jamoat va xususiy K-12 maktablar muntazam ravishda davlat va respublika o'rtacha ko'rsatkichlaridan yuqori ball to'playdilar sinov ballar. AQSh yangiliklari eng yaxshi o'rta maktablari reytingiga ko'ra, tumanda nashrning so'nggi reytingida oltin, kumush yoki bronza medallarini olgan uchta maktab mavjud.^[159]

Burbankdagi eng katta universitet Vudberi universiteti. Vudberi bir qator bakalavriat va magistratura dasturlariga, shu jumladan biznes, arxitektura va bir nechta dizayn dasturlariga ega. Burbankda bir qancha kichik kollejlar, shu jumladan ko'ngilochar sanoatiga xizmat ko'rsatadigan bir nechta bo'yanish va go'zallik savdo maktablari joylashgan. Burbankka eng yaqin kollej Los-Anjeles vodiysi kolleji, shaharning g'arbiy qismida joylashgan.

1920-yillarning boshlarida Burbank janubiy filialining joylashgan joyiga aylanish uchun da'vogar bo'lgan Kaliforniya universiteti. Rejalashtiruvchilar universitetni Amherst Drive va San Fernando bulvari yaqinidagi Ben Mar Hills hududida joylashtirishni o'ylashdi. Dengiz qirg'og'idagi hamjamiyati Rancho Palos Verdes talabalar shaharchasi uchun ham ko'rib chiqildi. Ikkala sayt ham oxir-oqibat chetlab o'tildi Janss investitsiya kompaniyasi qurish uchun endi Westwood nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan xayr-ehson qilingan mulk Kaliforniya universiteti, Los-Anjeles.^[26]

PUC maktablari Burbankda ma'muriy idoralari mavjud.^[160]

Concordia maktablari Concordia Burbank, K-6 xususiy maktabi shaharda joylashgan.^[161]

2012 yil aprel oyida, Los-Anjelesdagi xalqaro litsey, ikki tilli frantsuz amerikalik kollejga tayyorgarlik maktabi, Burbank shahri bilan Riverside Drive-dagi sobiq General Motors o'quv markazi joylashgan joyda 6–12-sinflar uchun xususiy maktabni boshqarish to'g'risida ariza topshirdi. Maktab 2013 yil avgust oyida ochilgan.^[162]

Infratuzilma

Transport

The Gollivud Burbank aeroporti 2017 yil oxirigacha Bob Hope aeroporti sifatida tanilgan, har yili oltita yirik aviakompaniya va 70 dan ortiq reyslar bilan 4 milliondan ziyod sayohatchiga xizmat ko'rsatadi. Shaharning shimoli-g'arbiy burchagida joylashgan aeroport shaharning ko'plab ko'chalarida transport vositalarining manbai hisoblanadi. Aeroportdagi shovqin deyarli o'n yillar davomida tashvish uyg'otdi. Hatto 2018 yilda ma'lum bir mahallalarni o'z ichiga olgan yo'lga samolyotlarni qo'yib, shovqinning bir qismi uchun yangi sun'iy yo'ldosh havo harakatini boshqarish tizimi javobgar bo'lishi mumkinligi haqida xabar berilgan edi.^[163] Kaliforniyalik ikki kongressmen tomonidan 2013 yil may oyida kiritilgan qonun loyihasi tungi soat 10 dan boshlab parvozlarda komendantlik soati joriy etiladi. soat 7 gacha AQSh Federal aviatsiya ma'muriyati aeroportlarning komendantlik soati to'g'risidagi arizalarini rad etgan edi.^[164] Biroq, aeroport hanuzgacha ko'ngillilarga soat 22 da komendantlik soati taklif qiladi. ertalab soat 7 ga qadar, bu erda aviakompaniyalar hech qanday kelish yoki ketishni rejalashtirmaslikka, atrofdagi mahallalarni hurmat qilishga qat'iy da'vat etiladi.^[165]

2008 yil dekabr oyida yo'lovchilar oqimining pasayishi Burbank-Glendeyl-Pasadena aeroporti ma'muriyatini xarajatlar rejalarini, shu jumladan, millionlab dollarlik qurilish loyihalarini kechiktirishga majbur qildi. Zaif iqtisodiyot 2010 yilda aeroportga ta'sir ko'rsatishni davom ettirdi, moliyaviy yil uchun yo'lovchilar soni 6 foizga kamayganini 30 iyun bilan yakunladi. Sekinlashuv aeroport ma'muriyatining to'siqlarni o'rnatish uchun 4 million dollar sarflash rejasini bekor qilishining bir sababi. uchish-qo'nish yo'lagi.^[166] 2000 yilda, a Southwest Airlines Boeing 737 142 kishi bo'lgan samolyot uchish-qo'nish yo'lagini oshirib, sharqiy to'siqdan o'tib, Chevron yonilg'i quyish shoxobchasi yonida Gollivud yo'lida to'xtadi.^[167]

Burbankdagi Pass prospektidagi SR 134 Ventura avtomagistrali

1950-yillardan boshlab Burbank shahri va uning atrofida katta magistral yo'llar qurilishi ham shaharni o'zidan ajratib, tez o'sib borayotgan Los-Anjeles mintaqasi bilan bog'ladi. Burbank-ga osongina kirish mumkin va osonlik bilan kirish imkoniga ega Kaliforniyaning janubiy shosseslari orqali Oltin shtat shosse (I-5 ), bu shaharni shimoli-g'arbdan janubi-sharqqa va ikkiga bo'linadi Ventura avtomagistrali Burbank bilan bog'laydigan AQSh 101-yo'nalish janubda va yaqin atrofda Tezyurar tog 'etagida sharqda. Ventura avtomagistrali 1960 yilda qurib bitkazilgan.

2012 yil may oyida, Davlat transport komissiyasi 224,1 million dollarlik mablag'larni yaxshilash uchun moliyalashtirishni ma'qulladi Oltin shtat shosse (I-5 ) Burbank hududida Buena Vista ko'chasidagi temir yo'llarni xavfsizligini yaxshilash bilan birga.^[168] Ajratish, Empire Avenue-da yangi yo'l almashinuvini qurish uchun qilingan harakatlarning katta qismini moliyalashtiradi va Walmart do'konini olishga tayyorlanayotganda, yaqin atrofdagi Empire Center savdo markaziga ko'proq kirish imkoniyatini beradi. Qurilish 2013 yil boshida boshlanishi va 2016 yil boshida yakuniy qiymati 452 million dollarni tashkil etishi kutilmoqda.^[169] Davlat tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlanadigan loyiha Buena-Vista ko'chasida temir yo'l kesishmasini ko'tarib, poezd kelayotgan paytda odamlarning yo'lini to'sib qo'yishni o'z ichiga oladi. Ushbu o'tish joyi so'nggi yillarda kamida ikki kishi halok bo'lgan joy edi.^[170]

Burbank shahar markazidagi temir yo'l stantsiyasi

Burbank, shahar raqamlariga ko'ra, taxminan 227,5 milya (366,1 km) ko'chalarni, taxminan 80 milya (80 km) asfaltlangan xiyobonlarni, 365,3 milni (587,9 km) piyodalar yo'llarini, 181 signalizatsiya qilingan chorrahalarni va miltillovchi signalli 10 ta chorrahani o'z ichiga oladi. Hozirgi signallarning aksariyati 1960-yillarning oxirlarida, saylovchilar ko'chalarni obodonlashtirish va ko'chalarni yoritish bo'yicha kapitalni yaxshilash bo'yicha katta dasturni qabul qilgan paytga to'g'ri keladi. Shuningdek, mablag 'eskirgan park va kutubxona muassasalarini yangilashga yordam berdi.^[171]

Metro ishlaydi jamoat transporti davomida Los-Anjeles okrugi, shu jumladan Burbank. Kompyuterlar foydalanishlari mumkin Metrolink va Amtrak xizmat janubga Shahar markazi, g'arbdan Ventura va shimoldan Palmdeyl va undan tashqarida. Burbank o'zining jamoat transporti tizimiga ega Burbank avtobusi. 2006 yilda Burbank avtomobillar uchun birinchi vodorod yonilg'i quyish stantsiyasini ochdi.^[172]

Loyihalashtirilgan Kaliforniya tezyurar temir yo'l marshrut shahar bo'ylab o'tadi va Burbank markazida to'xtashni o'z ichiga oladi. Poezd San-Frantsisko hududini Los-Anjeles bilan bog'lab turadi, ba'zi nuqtalarda 220 milya (soatiga 350 km) gacha tezlikda harakatlanadi.^[173]

Jamiyat xavfsizligi

Yong'in bo'limi

Shaharlik davrida Burbankda ko'ngilli o't o'chirish bo'limi mavjud edi. Yong'indan himoya qilish chelak brigadasiga va hidrantani topishga bog'liq edi. Faqat 1913 yilda shahar o'zining yong'in bo'limini yaratdi. 1916 yilga kelib, shahar qo'shimcha ravishda 40 ta yangi yong'in gidrantlarini o'rnatmoqda, ammo yong'inni o'chirishda ko'ngillilarga tayanmoqda. 1927 yilda shahar ko'ngilli yong'in bo'linmasidan professionalga o'tdi.

Departament strategik joylashtirilgan oltita o't o'chirish punktidan iborat bo'lib, quyidagilardan iborat: 6 ta o't o'chirish mashinalari (1-turdagi); 2 ta havo pog'onali yuk mashinalari (traktorda tortilgan) va 3 ta tez tibbiy yordam avtoulovi.

Glendeyl yong'in xizmati Burbankdagi qo'ng'iroqqa javob beradi

1970-yillarning oxirida Burbank, Glendale va bilan hamkorlikda tuzilgan shartnoma asosida Verdugo Fire Communications Center tarkibiga kirdi Pasadena.^[174] O'sha paytda uchta shaharda ham yong'inni jo'natish bilan bog'liq muammolar mavjud edi. Ko'pgina shaharlar singari, dispetcherlik iqtisodiy samaradorligi tufayli huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari tomonidan amalga oshirildi. Muammoni hal qilish va bo'shliqni to'ldirish uchun "uch shahar" qo'shma dispetcherlik markazi tashkil etildi. Shartnomaga ko'ra, Burbank Xavfli materiallar guruhini, Glendeyl Air-Light moslamasini hamda dispetcherlik markazini va Pasadena Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Type Heavy guruhini taqdim etdi. Bugungi kunda Glendale ham, Pasadena ham USAR Type 1 Heavy jamoalarini taklif qilmoqda. Uchta shahar yong'in bo'limlari barchasi Glendeylda joylashgan Verdugo yong'in aloqa markazidan yuborilgan. Uchta shaharning har biri ushbu dispetcherlik ob'ektini ishlatish va saqlash xarajatlarini baham ko'radi. Bugungi kunda Verdugo mintaqaviy dispetcherlik markazi bo'lib, Kaliforniyaning OES "Area C" o'zaro yordam sohasidagi barcha 13 ta o't o'chirish bo'limlari va Burbank aeroportining yong'in xavfsizligi bo'limi bo'lgan 14-agentligi bilan aloqani ta'minlaydi.

Kasalxonalar

1907 yilda Burbankning birinchi yirik kasalxonasi "Burbank jamoat kasalxonasi" nomi bilan ochildi. 16 o'rinli muassasa halokatli davrda jamoatchilikka xizmat qildi chechak 1913 yilda epidemiya va boshida yuzaga kelishi mumkin bo'lgan havo hujumlari uchun yordam berishga yordam berdi Ikkinchi jahon urushi. Ikki qavatli shifoxona Zaytun prospektida va Beshinchi ko'chada joylashgan edi. 1925 yilga kelib shifoxona 50 o'ringa kengaytirildi va 1980 yillarning o'rtalarida 103 kishilik va 175 dan ortiq vrachlardan iborat xodimlar bilan ishladilar. Bir necha yillar davomida bu Burbankdagi yagona kasalxona bo'lib, u erda ayollar abort qilish, tubal bog'lash va hozirgi paytda taklif etilmagan boshqa muolajalar olishlari mumkin edi. Providence Sent-Jozef tibbiyot markazi. Shifokorlar guruhi 1990 yilda kasalxonani 2 million dollarga sotib olib, shifoxona asoschisi doktor Elmer H. Tompson sharafiga Tompson Memorial Tibbiy Markazi deb nomladi. U velosipedda va otda uy qo'ng'iroqlarini amalga oshiradigan umumiy amaliyot shifokori edi. 2001 yilda Burbank jamoat shifoxonasi Belmont Village keksa yashash joyi jamoasiga yo'l ochish uchun vayron qilingan. Ushbu sotuvdan tushgan mablag 'sog'liqni saqlash bilan bog'liq ehtiyojlarni qondiradigan jamoat tashkilotlariga yordam beradigan "Burbank Health Care Foundation" ga yuborildi.

Providence Burbankdagi Sent-Jozef tibbiyot markazi.

1943 yilda katolik bo'lmagan "Providence Health System" katolik notijorat tashkiloti "Sent-Jozef Providens" tibbiyot markazini tashkil etdi. Ikkinchi Jahon urushi paytida qurilish materiallariga qo'yilgan cheklovlar, xususan, temir po'lat etishmasligi tufayli kasalxonani qurish qiyin kechdi. Ammo qiyinchiliklar bartaraf etilib, urush davridagi cheklovlarni hal qilish uchun bitta qavatli shifoxona barpo etildi. 1950 yillardagi bolalar portlashi paytida kasalxona dastlabki 100 ta yotoqdan 212 gacha kengaytirildi. 2012 yilga kelib shifoxonada 431 ta litsenziyali yotoq mavjud bo'lib, ular San-Fernando va Santa-Klarita vodiylariga xizmat ko'rsatadigan ikkinchi eng katta kasalxonaga aylandi. Kasalxonada 2500 ga yaqin xodim va 600 nafardan ortiq shifokor ishlaydi.

1990-yillarning o'rtalarida, Sankt-Jozefning Burbankdagi egasi bo'lgan Sietldagi Providence sog'liqni saqlash tizimi singlisi, kasalxonani Providence Sent-Jozef tibbiyot markazi deb o'zgartirdi. Tibbiy markaz talabalar shaharchasida ixtisoslashgan fanlarga ega bo'lgan bir nechta markazlarga ega. Saraton, kardiologiya, mamogramma, xospis va bolalarga xizmat ko'rsatish - bu ixtisoslashgan markazlardan biridir. Tibbiy markaz takliflariga eng yangi qo'shimchalar 2010 yil fevral oyida ochilgan Roy va Patrisiya Disney oilaviy saraton markazidir. Saraton markazida saraton kasallarini davolash va sog'lomlashtirish xizmatlarini ko'rsatish uchun eng so'nggi yuqori texnologik uskunalarning to'rtta qissasi mavjud. Narxi 36 million dollardan oshishi taxmin qilingan ushbu markaz Uolt Disneyning jiyani Roy E. Disney oilasi pullari evaziga qurilgan. Roy E. Disney 2009 yil dekabrida oshqozon saratonidan vafot etdi.^[175]

Taniqli odamlar

Ushbu bo'lim uchun qo'shimcha iqtiboslar kerak tekshirish. Iltimos yordam bering ushbu maqolani yaxshilang tomonidan ishonchli manbalarga iqtiboslarni qo'shish. Resurs manbasi bo'lmagan material shubha ostiga olinishi va olib tashlanishi mumkin. (2015 yil aprel) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Rayan Lavarnvey

Bleyk jonli

Jon Ritter

• Samuel J. Aquila (1950 yilda tug'ilgan), Rim-katolik Denver arxiyepiskopi
• Jon F. Aiso (1909-1987), Ikkinchi jahon urushi polkovnigi, AQShda birinchi JA sudyasi^[176]
• Sterling Beumon (1995 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor, musiqachi
• Tayler Blekbern (1986 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor, qo'shiqchi
• Kelly Blatz (1987 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor, model
• Skott Borchetta (1962 yilda tug'ilgan), prezidenti / bosh direktori Katta mashina yozuvlari
• Tim Berton (1958 yilda tug'ilgan), kinorejissyor, prodyuser
• Pol Kemeron (1932 yilda tug'ilgan), futbolchi
• Mark Cerny (1964 yilda tug'ilgan), video o'yin dasturchisi
• Roys Kleyton, Asosiy Ligadagi beysbol
• Glenn Devis (1924–2005), futbolchi, Heisman Trophy sovrindori^[177]
• Weston "Westballz" Dennis, (b, 1991) professional Super Smash Bros. Melee o'yinchi
• Debbe Dunning (1966 yilda tug'ilgan), aktrisa
• Kerri Fisher (1956-2016), aktrisa, yozuvchi, yumorist
• Maks Xoma (1990 yilda tug'ilgan), PGA Tour-dagi professional golfchi
• Masiela Lusha (1985 yil tug'ilgan), aktrisa, yozuvchi, gumanitar
• Endryu Oltin (1951–2011), qo'shiq muallifi, Burbankda tug'ilgan
• Namrata Singh Gujral, aktrisa, prodyuser
• Mark Harmon (1951 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor^[178]
• Jeyson Xirsh (1982 yilda tug'ilgan), professional beysbol o'yinchisi^[179]
• Klint Xovard (1956 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor
• Ron Xovard (1954 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor, rejissyor
• Uilyam M. Kramer (1920-2004), ravvin
• Rayan Lavarnvey (1987 y. tug'ilgan), Beysbolning asosiy ligasi^[180]
• Bleyk jonli (1987 yilda tug'ilgan), aktrisa
• Kris Market (1984 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor
• Larri Maksam (1948-1968), "Sharaf" medali
• Cady McClain (1969 yilda tug'ilgan), aktrisa
• Xeyli Makfarland (1991 yil tug'ilgan), aktrisa
• Erin Moran (1960-2017), aktrisa
• Sendi Nilson (1956 yilda tug'ilgan), suzish bo'yicha Olimpiada oltin medali sohibi
• Jeff Nelson (1961 yilda tug'ilgan), sportchi (1979-2014 yillarda o'rta maktabda ikki millik rekord qayd etilgan)
• Shon Penn (1960 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor
• Greg Plitt (1977–2015), fitness modeli, aktyor.^[181]
• Momo Havo (1958 yilda tug'ilgan), aktrisa
• Bonni Reyt (1949 yilda tug'ilgan), blyuz qo'shiq muallifi, musiqachi va faol
• Debbi Reynolds (1932-2016), aktrisa, qo'shiqchi
• Rendi Rhoads (1956–1982), musiqachi, gitara chaluvchisi
• Jeyson Ritter (1980 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor, Burbankda o'sgan, Jon Ritterning o'g'li^[182]
• Jon Ritter (1948-2003), aktyor, televizion shaxs, Burbankda tug'ilib o'sgan, Tex Ritterning o'g'li, Jeyson Ritterning otasi
• Tex Ritter (1905-1974), aktyor, mamlakat qo'shiqchisi, Jon Ritterning otasi
• Todd Sand (1963 yilda tug'ilgan), figurali uchish, uch karra mamlakat chempioni, Burbankda tug'ilgan
• Adam Shiff (1960 yilda tug'ilgan), AQSh kongressmen
• Kendall Shmidt (1990 y. tug'ilgan), aktyor, qo'shiqchi, guruh yaratgan Heffron Drive - qismi Muvaffaqiyat tomon olg'a.
• Rayan Shor (1974 y. tug'ilgan), bastakor^[183]
• Daniel Steres (1990 y. tug'ilgan), professional futbolchi
• Frank Sallivan (1930–2016), Oliy liga beysboli krujka, faol 1953-63
• Vik Tayback (1930-1990), aktyor
• Uil Uiton (1972 yilda tug'ilgan), aktyor
• Mara Uilson (1987 y. tug'ilgan), dramaturg, muallif, aktrisa
• Anton Yelchin (1989–2016), aktyor^[184]
• Rob Zabrecki (1968 yil tug'ilgan) aktyor, sehrgar, musiqachi

Qardosh shaharlar

Burbank hozirda egizak bilan:

Adabiyotlar

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• Burbank Chamber of Commerce
• Burbank Community Book, 1944
• A History of Burbank, 1968
• Burbankia, History and Lore of Burbank