Massachusets ko'rfazi transport boshqarmasi - Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

Massachusets ko'rfazi transport boshqarmasi

MBTA Buyuk Boston atrofida besh xil rejimda (qayiq tasvirlanmagan) xizmatlarni taqdim etadi.
Umumiy nuqtai
Mahalliy	Buyuk Boston
Tranzit turi	Avtobus avtobus tez tranzit feribot engil temir yo'l og'ir temir yo'l mintaqaviy temir yo'l trolleybus
Qatorlar soni	177 (avtobus) 5 (BRT) 4 (feribot) 5 (engil temir yo'l) 3 (og'ir temir yo'l) 13 (shahar atrofida temir yo'l) 4 (trolleybus)[1]
Stantsiyalar soni	22 (BRT)[2] 74 (engil temir yo'l)[3][4] 51 (og'ir temir yo'l)[5] 123 (mintaqaviy temir yo'l)
Kundalik chavandozlik	1,330,200 (ish kuni, 2017 yil sentyabr)
Bosh ijrochi	Stiv Poftak
Bosh ofis	Massachusets shtatidagi transport binosi 10 Park Plaza, Boston, MA 02116
Veb-sayt	mbta.com
Ishlash
Operatsiya boshlandi	1897 (engil temir yo'l) 1901 (og'ir temir yo'l) 1964 yil (MBTA)
Operator (lar)	MBTA (ko'pincha avtobus, BRT, og'ir temir yo'l, trolleybus, engil temir yo'l) Harbour Express / Boston Harbour Cruises (feribot) Keolis yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish (mintaqaviy temir yo'l) Turli xil pudratchilar (700 seriyali avtobus yo'nalishlari)
Texnik
Tizim uzunligi	1,193 mil (1,920 km) (jami) 8 mil (13 km) (BRT) 751 mil (1209 km) (avtobus va izsiz trolley) 26 mil (42 km) (yengil temir yo'l) 38 mil (61 km) (og'ir temir yo'l) 368 mil (592 km) (mintaqaviy temir yo'l)[6]
Yo'l o'lchagichi	4 fut8 1⁄2 yilda (1,435 mm)

The Massachusets ko'rfazi transport boshqarmasi (qisqartirilgan MBTA va so'zma-so'z "T")^[7][8] eng ko'p ishlashga mas'ul bo'lgan davlat idorasidir jamoat transporti xizmatlar Buyuk Boston, Massachusets shtati. Oldingi jamoat transporti turlari Boston mustaqil ravishda egalik qilgan va boshqarilgan; 1947 yilda Metropolitan Tranzit Boshqarmasi (MTA) tashkil topishi bilan ko'pchilik birinchi bo'lib birlashtirildi. MTA 1964 yilda Massachusets shtati Hamdo'stligi tarkibida individual bo'lim sifatida tashkil etilgan hozirgi MBTA bilan almashtirildi. ning bo'linishi Massachusets transport departamenti (MassDOT) 2009 yilda.

MBTA va Filadelfiya Janubi-sharqiy Pensilvaniya transport boshqarmasi (SEPTA) - bu yer usti tranzit transport vositalarining beshta asosiy turini boshqaradigan yagona AQSh tranzit agentliklari: engil temir yo'l transport vositalari ( Ashmont - Mattapan yuqori tezligi va Yashil chiziqlar ); og'ir temir yo'l poezdlar (the Moviy, apelsin va Qizil chiziqlar ); mintaqaviy temir yo'l poezdlar Qatnovchi temir yo'l ); elektr trolleybuslar ( Kumush chiziq va Bostonning shimoliy chekkasidagi bir necha marshrutlar); va avtobuslar (MBTA avtobusi ).^[9] 2016 yilda tizim o'rtacha ish kunida 1,277,200 yo'lovchini tashkil etdi, shundan og'ir temir yo'llar o'rtacha 552,500 va yengil temir yo'l liniyalari 226,500 bo'lib, bu uni to'rtinchi gavjum metro tizimi va eng gavjum engil temir yo'l tizimi ichida Qo'shma Shtatlar.^[10]

MBTA Massachusets shtatidagi elektr energiyasining eng katta iste'molchisi va er egaligi bo'yicha ikkinchi o'rinda turadi Tabiatni muhofaza qilish va rekreatsiya bo'limi ).^[11][12]2007 yilda uning CNG avtobus parki shtatdagi alternativ yoqilg'ining eng yirik iste'molchisi bo'lgan.^[13] MBTA mustaqil huquqni muhofaza qilish idorasini boshqaradi Massachusets ko'rfazi transport boshqarmasi politsiyasi.

Tarix

1880 yilda Bostondagi bug 'temir yo'llari AQSh aholini ro'yxatga olish byurosi.

Rejalashtirilgan West End Street temir yo'l tizimi, 1885; ushbu yo'nalishlarning konsolidatsiyasi 1887 yilgacha yakunlandi. Shuningdek qarang 1880 ot temir yo'l xaritasi.

Bostondagi ommaviy transport xususiy shtatlarning qonun chiqaruvchi organlari tomonidan cheklangan muddatlarda ustavlar berilgan xususiy kompaniyalar tomonidan ta'minlangan monopoliyalar, vakolatlari bilan taniqli domen tashkil etish yo'l 1947 yilda MTA tashkil etilgunga qadar. Ommaviy transportning rivojlanishi ham iqtisodiy, ham aholi shakllarini kuzatib bordi.^[14]

Temir yo'llar

Ko'p o'tmay parovoz ommaviy tashish uchun amaliy bo'ldi,^[15] oddiy Boston va Louell temir yo'li 1830 yilda ijaraga olingan.^[16] 1835 yilda ochilgan temir yo'l,^[15] Boston bilan bog'langan Louell,^[17] yirik shimoliy tegirmon shahri Massachusets shtatining shimoli-sharqida Merrimack Valley,^[18] biri orqali Shimoliy Amerikadagi eng qadimgi temir yo'llar. Bu Amerikaning shaharlararo temir yo'llari rivojlanishining boshlanishi bo'ldi,^[15] keyinchalik Massachusetsda MBTA Commuter Rail tizimi va Green Line D filiali.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Tramvaylar

Ning ochilishidan boshlab Kembrij temir yo'li 1856 yil 26-martda juda ko'p tramvay chiziqlar Bostonda charter kompaniyalari ostida paydo bo'ldi.^[19] Kompaniyalar o'zgarishiga qaramay, Boston dunyodagi eng qadimgi doimiy ishlaydigan tramvay tizimiga ega shahar. Ushbu kompaniyalarning aksariyati birlashtirilib, hayvonlar uchun mo'ljallangan transport vositalari elektr harakatga keltirildi.^[19]

Metro va baland temir yo'llar

Bostondagi Park Street stantsiyasi ustida Yashil chiziq ochilgandan ko'p o'tmay, taxminan 1898 yil

Boston markazida tramvay tirbandligi olib keldi metro 1897 yilda va baland temir yo'l 1901 yilda Tremont ko'chasi metrosi Qo'shma Shtatlardagi birinchi tezkor tranzit tunnel edi. Bahoni ajratish qo'shimcha imkoniyatlar va ko'cha-ko'yda kechikishlarning oldini olish.^[20] Bostondagi birinchi baland temir yo'l va birinchi tezkor tranzit liniyasi birinchi er osti liniyasidan uch yil oldin qurilgan Nyu-York metrosi, lekin birinchisidan 34 yil o'tgach London metrosi chiziqlar va Nyu-York shahridagi birinchi baland temir yo'ldan ancha keyin; uning To'qqizinchi avenyu El sifatida 1868 yil 1-iyulda Manxettenda ish boshladi baland teleferik liniyasi.

Ikkala uchida ham ko'proq sirt izlarini chetlab o'tib, turli xil kengaytmalar va filiallar qo'shildi. Sinflarga ajratilgan chiziqlar kengaytirilganda ko'chada yurish shahar markaziga tezroq xizmat ko'rsatish uchun liniyalar qisqartirildi. Bostondagi so'nggi ko'tarilgan og'ir temir yo'l yoki "El" segmentlari Orange Line-ning chekkasida joylashgan: uning shimoliy uchi 1975 yilda ko'chib kelgan Everett ga Malden, MA va uning janubiy uchi ga ko'chirildi Janubi-g'arbiy yo'lak 1987 yilda. Biroq, Green Line's Qavsoy ko‘chasi baland 2004 yilgacha xizmatda bo'lib, u tunnelga qayta ulanishga moyilligi bilan ko'chirilgan Lechmere Viaduct.^[21] Lechmere Viaduct va uning shimoliy uchida ko'tarilgan po'latdan yasalgan qisqa qism xizmatda qolmoqda, ammo ko'tarilgan qism biroz qisqartirilib, 2017 yilda shimoliy viyaduk kengaytmasi bilan bog'lanib, Yashil chiziq kengaytmasi.^{[22][iqtibos kerak ]}

Davlat korxonasi

Saqlangan PCC tramvay "MTA" logotipining oval shakli tushirilgan # 3295

1947 yildan 1964 yilgacha mavjud bo'lgan MBTA-ning o'tmishi bo'lgan Metropolitan Transit Authority logotipi. Ushbu grafikaning yangilangan versiyasi hanuzgacha Ashmont-Mattapan tezyurar liniyasi tramvayni etkazib berish.

Qadimgi baland temir yo'llar ko'zga tashlanib, Bostonning burmalangan ko'chalarida bir necha keskin burilishlarni talab qildi. The Atlantika xiyoboni baland 1938 yilda yo'lovchilarning pasayishi sharoitida yopilgan va 1942 yilda buzib tashlangan. Temir yo'l yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish tobora foydasiz bo'lib, asosan ko'tarilish tufayli avtomobil egalik qilish, hukumatni egallab olish tark etish va demontaj qilishni oldini oldi. MTA metrolarni, ko'tarilgan, tramvaylarni va avtobuslarni sotib olib, olib qo'ydi Boston temir yo'li 1947 yilda.^[23]

1950-yillarda MTA metroning yangi kengaytmalarini ishga tushirgan, so'nggi ikkita tramvay yo'nalishi esa Yoqimli ko'cha portali ning Tremont Street Metro 1953 va 1962 yillarda avtobuslar bilan almashtirildi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} 1958 yilda MTA uni sotib oldi Highland filiali dan Boston va Olbani temir yo'li, bir yildan so'ng qayta ochildi tezkor tranzit chiziq (endi Green Line D filiali ).^[24]

1960-yillarning boshlarida MTA operatsiyalari nisbatan barqaror bo'lgan bo'lsa-da, xususiy boshqariladigan yo'lovchi temir yo'llari bo'shashgan edi. The New Haven temir yo'li, Nyu-York markaziy temir yo'li va Boston va Meyn temir yo'li barchasi moliyaviy jihatdan qiynalgan; kechiktirilgan parvarishlash magistral liniyalarga zarar etkazdi, aksariyat tarmoqlar to'xtatilgan edi. 1945-yilgi Kudidj Komissiyasining rejasi shuni anglatadiki, shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l liniyalarining ko'p qismi qisqa muddatli tranzit kengaytmalari bilan almashtiriladi yoki shunchaki ularga xizmat ko'rsatish darajalarida kamayadi. Umuman olganda yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatish Eski koloniya temir yo'li shtatning janubi-sharqiy qismiga xizmat ko'rsatuvchi tizim 1959 yilda Nyu-Xeyven temir yo'li tomonidan tashlab qo'yilgan va bu davlatning aralashuviga sabab bo'lgan. 1963 yilning yanvaridan 1964 yil martigacha Ommaviy transport komissiyasi B&M va New Haven tizimlarida narxlar va xizmatlarning turli darajalarini sinovdan o'tkazdi. Avtoulov temir yo'l transporti operatsiyalari muhim ahamiyatga ega, ammo moliyaviy jihatdan o'zini o'zi ta'minlashga qodir emasligini aniqlagan holda, MTM MTA-ni shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l hududiga kengaytirishni tavsiya qildi.^[25]

1964 yil 3-avgustda MBTA MTA-ning o'rnini egalladi, kengaytirilgan xizmat ko'rsatish zonasi shahar bo'ylab temir yo'l operatsiyalarini subsidiyalashga mo'ljallangan. Dastlabki 14 ta munitsipalitet MTA tumani 78 shahar va qishloqlarga kengaytirildi.^[21] Tuman tashqarisidagi shaharlar bilan shartnomalar tuzilayotganda bir nechta chiziqlar qisqartirildi, ammo tashqi qismlardan tashqari Markaziy ommaviy filial (kesib oling Xadson ga Janubiy Sudberi ), G'arbiy Medvey filiali (kesib oling G'arbiy Medvey ga Millis ), Qora tosh chizig'i (kesib oling Qora tosh ga Franklin ) va B&M Nyu-Xempshir xizmatlari (kesib oling Portsmut ga Nyuberport ), bu qisqartirishlar vaqtinchalik edi; ammo, uchta filial yo'nalishidagi xizmat (ularning barchasi har kuni faqat bitta sayohat bilan: Bostonga bir ertalab shoshilinch soatlik sayohat va yana bir oqshom shoshilinch shahar tashqarisiga sayohat) 1965 va 1976 yillar orasida doimiy ravishda bekor qilindi ( Millis (qisqartirilgan G'arbiy Meduey filialining yangi nomi) va Dedham filiallari 1967 yilda to'xtatilgan, Markaziy ommaviy filial 1971 yilda tark qilingan). MBTA 1973 yil yanvar oyida Penn Central (Nyu-York Markaziy va New Haven) yo'lovchi temir yo'l liniyalarini, 1976 yil aprelda Penn Central uskunalarini va 1976 yil dekabrda barcha B&M yo'lovchi aktivlarini sotib oldi; ushbu xaridlar tizimni faqat temir yo'l operatorlari sifatida saqlab qolingan davlatga qarashli qilish uchun xizmat qildi.^[21] 1976 yildan keyin faqat ikkita tarmoq liniyasidan voz kechildi: xizmat ko'rsatish Leksington filiali (shuningdek, har kuni faqat bitta sayohat bilan) 1977 yil yanvar oyida qor bo'roni chiziqni to'sib qo'ygandan keyin to'xtatildi Lowell Line to'liq xizmat Woburn filiali 1981 yil yanvar oyida yo'lning yomonligi tufayli yo'q qilindi.

MBTA 1965 yilda o'zining to'rtta tezkor tranzit liniyalariga ranglarni tayinladi va "Yashil chiziq" ning shoxlarini shimoldan janubga yo'naltirdi. Tramvaylarning etishmasligi, boshqa omillar qatorida, sabab bo'ldi bustittsiya Yashil chiziqning ikkita tarmog'ida temir yo'l xizmati. The Filial 1969 yilda to'liq ishlamay qoldi va uning o'rniga 57 avtobus joylashtirildi,^[21] esa E filiali dan qisqartirildi Arborway ga Xit ko'chasi 1985 yilda Xit-Strit va Arboruey o'rtasidagi qism 39-avtobusga almashtirilgan.^[21]

MBTA shimoldan va janubdan tashqi shahar atrofidagi avtobus yo'nalishlarini sotib oldi Sharqiy Massachusets ko'chasi temir yo'li 1968 yilda.^[21] Qatnovchi temir yo'l tizimida bo'lgani kabi, chekka yo'nalishlarning ko'pi egallab olishdan oldin yoki undan keyin kam yo'lovchilar va yuqori operatsion xarajatlar tufayli tushib ketgan.

1970-yillarda MBTA tomonidan qo'llab-quvvatlangan Boston transportini rejalashtirish sharhi avtomobil yo'llariga nisbatan ommaviy tranzit rolini mintaqa bo'ylab qayta baholash. Ichkarida avtomagistral qurilishiga moratoriy e'lon qilish Marshrut 128, Voorhees-Skidmore, Owings va Merrill-ESL konsalting guruhi tomonidan ko'plab ommaviy tranzit liniyalarini kengaytirish rejalashtirilgan. Ko'tarilgan chiziqlarni olib tashlash davom etdi va yopilish Vashington ko'chasi ko'tarilgan 1987 yilda tezkor tranzit xizmatining tugashiga olib keldi Roksberi Turar joy dahasi. 1971 yildan 1985 yilgacha Qizil chiziq shimolga ham, janubga ham kengaytirildi, bu nafaqat metro tizimining qo'shimcha qamrovini, balki asosiy qismini ham ta'minladi mashinalar uchun inshootlar bir nechta terminal va oraliq stantsiyalarda.^[21]

1981 yilda rollarda o'n etti kishi va bitta korporatsiya ayblandi bir qator zarbalarni qaytarish sxemalari MBTA da.^[26] Massachusets shtati transport kotibi va MBTA raisi Barri Lokk pora olishda ayblanib, 7 yildan 10 yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum etildi.^[27][28]

21-asr

1999 yilga kelib, tuman 175 ta shahar va shaharchalarga kengaytirildi, ularning aksariyati yo'lovchilarga temir yo'l liniyalari xizmat ko'rsatadigan yoki ularga qo'shni bo'lganlar qatoriga qo'shildi, ammo MBTA yo'lovchilar temir yo'llari yonida yoki ularga xizmat ko'rsatadigan jamoalarda mahalliy xizmat uchun javobgarlikni o'z zimmasiga olmadi.^{[iqtibos kerak ][29]}

Ichki Janubiy vokzal Bostonda, yirik MBTA, Amtrak va avtobus transport markazi

Vikford Junction stantsiyasi, yilda Shimoliy Kingstaun, Rod-Aylend, 2012 yil aprel oyida ochilgan.

Park ko'chasi stantsiyasi Bilan Red Line janubiy yo'nalishdagi platformasi Daktronika elektron hisoblash belgisi. Ko'p yillik kechikishlar ortidan, Qizil chiziqdagi dastlabki hisob-kitob belgilari 2012 yilda faollashtirilgan.

Moliyalashtirishda burilish davri 2000 yilda sodir bo'lgan. 2000 yil 1-iyulgacha MBTA Massachusets Hamdo'stligi tomonidan yig'ilgan daromaddan yuqori bo'lgan barcha xarajatlarni qoplagan (xizmatning sof narxi). Shu kundan boshlab T ga xizmat ko'rsatiladigan shaharlar va shaharchalar bo'yicha hisoblangan summalardan iborat 5 foizli davlatning 20 foiz qismi bilan birgalikda daromadlar oqimi berildi. savdo solig'i.^{[iqtibos kerak ]} Endi MBTA ushbu "to'g'ridan-to'g'ri moliyalashtirish" byudjeti doirasida yashashi kerak edi.

Hamdo'stlik avtoulovlarning ifloslanishini qoplash uchun jamoat transportini ko'paytirish uchun MBTA zimmasiga yuklangan Katta qazish. Biroq, bu loyihalar MBTA-ning cheklangan resurslarini qiyinlashtirdi, chunki Big Dig loyihasida ushbu yaxshilanishlarga mablag 'kiritilmagan. 1988 yildan beri MBTA mamlakatdagi eng tez rivojlanayotgan tranzit tizimiga aylandi Buyuk Boston Qo'shma Shtatlardagi eng sekin o'sib borayotgan metropolitenlardan biri bo'lgan.^[30] Keyinchalik MBTA qarzga botdi va stavkalar 2007 yil 1-yanvarda sezilarli darajada oshdi.^[31]

2006 yilda. Ning yaratilishi MetroWest mintaqaviy tranzit boshqarmasi MBTA-ning bahosidan MWRTA bahosini olib tashlagan bir nechta shaharlarni ko'rdilar, ammo MBTA olgan mablag'lari bir xil darajada qoldi. Keyingi yil MBTA boshlandi Grinbush uchastkasiga temir yo'l qatnovi ning Maqola, uchinchi filiali Eski koloniya xizmati.^[32] Rod-Aylend shuningdek kengaytmalar uchun pul to'lagan Providence / Stoughton Line ga T.F. Yashil aeroport 2010 yilda va Vikford Junction 2012 yilda. yangi stantsiya Fairmount Line, Talbot xiyoboni stantsiyasi, 2012 yil noyabr oyida ochilgan.^[33]

2009 yil 26 iyunda hokim Deval Patrik MBTAni boshqa davlat transport agentliklari qatori ma'muriy hokimiyat tarkibiga joylashtirish to'g'risidagi qonunni imzoladi Massachusets transport departamenti (MassDOT), MBTA endi Mass Transit bo'limi (MassTrans) tarkibiga kiradi.^{[34][35][36][37]}2009 yilgi transport qonuni MBTA korporativ tuzilishini davom ettirdi va MBTA boshqaruv kengashini Mass DOT kengashining gubernator tomonidan tayinlangan beshta a'zosiga o'zgartirdi.^[38]

Charli Beyker ma'muriyati (2015 yildan hozirgi kungacha)

2015 yil fevral oyida bor edi 2014-15 yillarda Shimoliy Amerika qishida Bostonda rekord darajada qor yog'di umuman kechikishlarga olib keladi MBTA metrosi chiziqlar.^[39] va butun MBTA tizimi bilan bog'liq ko'plab uzoq muddatli operatsion va moliyaviy muammolar jamoatchilik e'tiborini kuchaytirmoqda,^[40][41] Massachusets shtati gubernatori Charli Beyker o'sha paytda u moliyalashtirish masalalarini muhokama qilishni istamasligini, ammo "bu haqda bir necha hafta ichida ko'proq gapirishini" aytdi.^[42] Keyinchalik Beyker MBTA muammolarini tashxislash va ularni hal qilish bo'yicha takliflarni tavsiya qilgan hisobot yozish uchun maxsus maslahat paneli tuzilganligini e'lon qildi.^[43] Avvalgi fevral oyida tuzilgan maxsus maslahat kengashi o'z hisobotini 2015 yil aprelida e'lon qildi.^[44] Keyingi oyda Beyker yangi MassDOT direktorlar kengashini tayinladi va og'ir ob-havo davrida infratuzilmani yangilash, yangi uskunalar sotib olish va ish faoliyatini yaxshilash uchun 83 million dollar sarflanadigan besh yillik qishga chidamlilik rejasini taklif qildi.^[45][46] 2015 yil 17 iyuldan kuchga kirgan yangi davlat qonuni MBTA moliya va boshqaruvni boshqarish kengashini tuzdi,^[47] agentlikni besh yillik davrda isloh qilish bo'yicha kengaytirilgan vakolatlarga ega. Uning muddati 2020 yilda yana bir yilga uzaytirildi.^[48]

38,5 million dollarlik rekonstruksiya qilish uchun zamin buzildi Ruggles stantsiyasi, yilda Roksberi, 2017 yil avgust oyida.^[49] Buning ortidan qurilish boshlandi Yashil chiziq kengaytmasi keyingi iyun.^[50] 2018 yil aprel oyida MBTA kumush liniyasi dan yo'nalishni boshqarishni boshladi "Chelsi" ga Janubiy vokzal.^[51]

Bir necha oy davomida poyezdlarning kechikishiga olib kelgan Qizil chiziqning relsdan chiqib ketishi T.da kapitalni saqlash muammolariga ko'proq e'tibor qaratdi. Ko'plab chavandozlar va ishbilarmon guruhlarning shikoyatlaridan so'ng, gubernator tekshiruvlar va kapital loyihalarni tezlashtirish uchun mustaqil guruhga 50 million dollar qo'shishni taklif qildi, mavjud kapital xarajatlarni yiliga 1 milliarddan 1,5 milliard dollargacha tezlashtirish bo'yicha umumiy harakatlar.^[52] Red Line signal tizimini almashtirish tezlashdi, shu jumladan relsdan chiqib ketishda shikastlangan uskunalar. Beyker MBTA-ga shtatning besh yillik transport zayomlari hisobidan 2,7 milliard dollar ajratishni va shuningdek, taklif qilinadigan ko'p davlatli transport iqlimi tashabbusidan ko'proq pul ajratishni taklif qildi.^[53]

MBTA ning Fiskal va boshqaruvni boshqarish kengashi tomonidan 2019 yil dekabr oyida berilgan hisobotda "xavfsizlik Tda ustuvor vazifa emas, lekin shunday bo'lishi kerak" deb topilgan. Hisobotda "yillar davomida fiskal nazorat haddan tashqari oshib ketgan bo'lishi mumkin degan umumiy fikr bor, bu esa xodimlarni qisqartirish bilan birga zarur bo'lgan texnik xizmat va tekshiruvlarni bajara olmaslikka olib keldi yoki eski tizim aktivlarini to'liq ishlashiga to'sqinlik qildi."^[54]

Covid-19 pandemiyasi

2020 yil fevral oyida Covid-19 pandemiyasi Massachusets shtatiga ta'sir qila boshladi. Keyingi oy uyda ishlash to'g'risidagi buyruq chiqarilganda, korxonalar ishchilarni yopib qo'yishdi yoki uyda ishlash uchun jo'natishdi va odamlarga kerak bo'lmaganda jamoat transportida ketishdan saqlanish tavsiya qilindi. Eng past nuqtada MBTA yo'lovchilari avtobuslarda 78 foizga, metroda 92 foizga, paratransitda 71 foizga, shahar temir yo'llarida esa 97 foizga kamaydi.^[55] Avtobus va metro o'zgartirilgan shanba jadvali bo'yicha harakatlandi; qatnovchi temir yo'llar qisqartirilgan jadvalda edi va paromlar to'liq yopildi. Haydovchilardan ijtimoiy masofani yengillashtirish uchun avtobuslar faqat orqa eshikdan o'tirgan holda tariflarni bepul yurishni boshladi, yo'lovchilar yuz maskalarini kiyishlari kerak edi (kichik bolalar va tegishli tibbiy sharoitga ega odamlar bundan mustasno) va agentlik tez-tez transport vositalari va stantsiyalarni sanitarizatsiya qila boshladi. Ayrim xodimlar virusni yuqtirganligi sababli haydovchilar uchun imkoniyat cheklangan edi. T oshgan xarajatlarni qoplash va yo'qotilgan daromadlarni qoplash uchun T2020 va FY2021 uchun 827 million dollarlik federal yordam oldi.^[56]

Iyun oyida MBTA 10 martdan boshlab qatnovchi temir yo'l chiptalari va passalari 22 iyundan boshlab 90 kun davomida amal qilishini e'lon qildi. Shuningdek, chavandozlarni potentsial gavjum avtobus yoki metrodan, shu jumladan, chegirmali o'ntalikdan harakatlanishni rag'batlantirish uchun tariflar bo'yicha turli xil o'zgartirishlar kiritildi. - chiptalar, yoshlar uchun yarim narxdagi chiptalar va 1A zonasi tariflari Lin va River Works stantsiyalariga qadar uzaytirildi.^[57]

Xizmatlar

Avtobuslar

Shuningdek qarang: MBTA avtobus yo'nalishlari ro'yxati

Odatda Yangi Flyer XDE40 gibrid avtobusi

Marshrut 71 trolleybus AN440LF

The MBTA avtobusi tizim millatniki chavandozlik bo'yicha oltinchi va bo'ylab 150 dan ortiq yo'nalishlarni o'z ichiga oladi Buyuk Boston maydon. MBTA avtobuslari xizmat ko'rsatadigan maydon uning metro va yengil temir yo'llarga xizmat ko'rsatish zonalaridan birmuncha kattaroq, ammo MBTA yo'lovchi tashish temir yo'llari xizmatidan sezilarli darajada kichikroq. Kamida sakkizta boshqa mintaqaviy tranzit idoralari, shuningdek, ushbu katta hududda avtobus xizmatlarini ko'rsatadilar Roy-Aylend jamoat transporti boshqarmasi, Brokton hududi tranzit ma'muriyati, Keyp Ann transport boshqarmasi, Buyuk Attleboro Taunton mintaqaviy tranzit boshqarmasi, Lowell mintaqaviy tranzit boshqarmasi, Merrimack Valley mintaqaviy tranzit idorasi, Montachusett mintaqaviy tranzit boshqarmasi va Worcester mintaqaviy tranzit boshqarmasi. Ushbu vakolatli organlarning barchasi o'zlarining tariflari tuzishlariga va xususiy avtobus kompaniyalariga ba'zi bir subpudrat operatsiyalariga ega. Ko'p hollarda ularning avtobuslari MBTA yo'lovchi temir yo'lining oziqlantiruvchisi bo'lib xizmat qiladi.^[59]

MBTA avtobuslarga xizmat ko'rsatish zonasida, pul o'tkazmalari dan metro bor ozod a dan foydalansangiz CharlieCard (mahalliy avtobuslar uchun); pul o'tkazmalari ga metro avtobus va yuqori metro tariflari o'rtasidagi farqni to'lashni talab qiladi (mahalliy avtobuslar uchun; agar CharlieCard kartasidan foydalanilmasa, metro uchun to'liq yo'l haqiga qo'shimcha ravishda to'lash kerak). Avtobusdan avtobusga o'tish (mahalliy avtobuslar uchun) naqd pul to'lamaguncha bepul. Ko'pgina tashqi marshrutlar shahar markaziga olib boradigan katta magistral yo'llar bo'ylab ekspres yo'nalishda harakatlanadi. Avtobuslar xaritalarda va bekat dekorasida sariq rangga bo'yalgan.^[60]

The Kumush chiziq MBTA-ning birinchi xizmatidir avtobus tez tranzit (BRT), garchi u avtobus tezkor tranzitining ko'plab xususiyatlariga ega bo'lmasa ham.^[61][62][63] Birinchi segment 2002 yilda ish boshladi, 49 avtobus o'rnini egalladi, bu esa o'z navbatida Vashington ko'chasi ko'tarilgan qismi To'q chiziq. To'liq metro uchun tarif olindi, 2007 yil 1 yanvargacha xizmatlar tariflari uchun xizmatni "avtobus" deb tasniflash uchun tariflar tizimi qayta ko'rib chiqilgunga qadar shahar markazidagi metrolarga bepul pul o'tkazmalari berildi. "Vashington ko'chasi" bo'limi shaharning turli ko'chalarida harakat qiladi va asosan bag'ishlangan ko'chalarda avtobus chiziqlari kuni Vashington ko'chasi o'zi. Vashington ko'chasining ikkita yo'nalishi Roksberidagi Dudli stantsiyasidan boshlanadi va bittasi Temple-Pleytdagi (SL5-2002 yildagi yo'nalish) shahar markazidagi o'tish joyida va bittasi Esseks ko'chasidagi Janubiy stantsiyaga (SL4) tugaydi.^[64]

"Waterfront" bo'limi 2004 yil oxirida ochilgan va ulanadi Janubiy vokzal ga Logan aeroporti Ted Uilyams Tunnel va SL2 yo'nalishdagi Janubiy Boston (Dizayn markazi maydoni) orqali SL1 yo'nalishi bilan. "Chelsi" ga yangi xizmat 2018 yil 21 aprelda SL1 foydalanadigan va Moviy chiziqning aeroport stantsiyasida to'xtagan tunnel orqali ochildi. Waterfront qismida ishlaydigan avtobuslar 2004-05 dual rejimli avtobuslar, izsiz trolley Silver Line tunnelida va dizel tashqarida. Xizmat Logan aeroporti Waterfront segmenti tariflar uchun "metro" deb tasniflanadi.^[64] Janubiy stantsiyada segmentlar o'rtasida o'tish mumkin.

Ikkala segmentni xizmat ko'rsatish yo'li bilan bog'lash uchun "III bosqich" tunnelli segmenti taklif qilingan edi, ammo bu yuqori narx va ko'pchilik I bosqichni eski Elevated o'rnini bosuvchi xizmat deb hisoblamagani sababli munozarali edi.^[62][63] Tunnel o'tkazish bo'yicha barcha III bosqich takliflari mablag 'etishmasligi sababli to'xtatildi Shahar halqasi mavjud bo'lgan qarama-qarshi avtobuslarda kengaytirishga mo'ljallangan.

MBTA xususiy avtobus kompaniyalari bilan odatdagi tariflar tuzilmasidan tashqari ma'lum yo'nalishlarda imtiyozli xizmat ko'rsatish uchun shartnoma tuzadi. Ular HI-RIDE qatnovchi avtobus xizmati deb nomlanadi va ajralmas avtobus xizmatlari singari raqamlanmagan yoki xaritaga kiritilmagan.^[65]

To'rt marshrut ga ulanish Garvard stantsiyasi (Qizil chiziq) hali ham ishlaydi izsiz aravachalar; bir paytlar juda katta izsiz aravachalar tizimi mavjud edi.^[66] (Qarang Buyuk Bostondagi trolleybuslar.)

2005 yil moliyaviy ish kunlarida o'rtacha 363,500 kunlik MBTA boshqaruvidagi avtobuslar va treksiz trolleylar (Silver Line-ni hisobga olmaganda), yoki MBTA tizimining 31,8%. Yana 4400 samolyotga chiqish (0,38%) xususiy avtoulovlar tomonidan amalga oshiriladigan imtiyozli avtobus yo'nalishlarida sodir bo'ldi.^[67]

2020 yil iyun oyida COVID-19 pandemiyasi natijasida MBTA olomon haqida real vaqtda ma'lumot berishni boshladi. Ma'lumotlar MBTA veb-saytida, E siyoh ekranlarida va Tranzit dasturi. Kontseptsiyada xizmat faqatgina 1, 15, 16, 22, 23, 31, 32, 109 va 110 avtobus yo'nalishlarida mavjud edi,^[68] va kelajakda boshqa yo'nalishlar yoki tranzit rejimlari joriy etilishi yoki ushbu xususiyat doimiy bo'lib qolishi aniq emas. Ushbu xususiyat yangi emas, chunki 2019 yilgi Google Xaritalari ushbu ma'lumotlarni taqdim etdi.^[69][70]

Metro

Tezkor tranzit tizimining norasmiy sxematik xaritasi (bundan tashqari BRT bo'lmagan) asosiy avtobus yo'nalishlari 2013 yildan boshlab. Rasmiy MBTA xaritasi ushbu xaritaning o'zgartirilgan versiyasi bo'lib, u 2014 yilda qayta loyihalash tanlovida g'olib chiqqan.

2003 yildan boshlab Boston metro tizimining masshtabli xaritasi

Qizil chiziq da Shahar markazidan o'tish.

MBTA metro tizimining turli qismlarida ishlatiladigan trek turlari.

Metro tizimida uchta og'ir temir yo'l mavjud tezkor tranzit chiziqlar ( Qizil, apelsin va Moviy Chiziqlar) va ikkitasi engil temir yo'l chiziqlar ( Yashil chiziq va Ashmont-Mattapan tezyurar liniyasi, ikkinchisi Qizil chiziqning kengaytmasi). Tizim a ga muvofiq ishlaydi Xab-tarqatish paradigmasi, chiziqlar Bostonning markaziy qismi va uning atroflari o'rtasida radial yo'nalishda.^[7] Bostonda, asosan, foydalaniladigan temir yo'l vagonlari jihozlaridan qat'i nazar, er osti bo'ylab harakatlanadigan to'rtta rangli temir yo'l liniyalariga "metro" yoki "T" deb murojaat qilish odatiy holdir.^[7]

To'rt metro liniyasi ham shaharni kesib o'tib, a to'rtburchak Konfiguratsiya va To'q sariq va Yashil chiziqlar (ular o'sha okrugda parallel ravishda harakatlanadigan) ham to'g'ridan-to'g'ri shahar markazidan shimolda joylashgan ikkita stantsiyada ulanadi. Qizil chiziq va Moviy chiziq - bu bir-biriga to'g'ridan-to'g'ri uzatish aloqasi bo'lmagan metroning yagona juftligi. Metroning turli yo'nalishlari biron bir joyda doimiy ravishda ishlamaydi kompas yo'nalishi, murojaat qilish odatiy holdir yo'nalish yo'nalishlari "kiruvchi" yoki "chiquvchi" sifatida. Kirish poezdlari shaharning to'rt tomoniga qarab harakatlanadi uzatish stantsiyalari va tashqariga chiqadigan poezdlar ushbu markaz stantsiyalaridan uzoqlashadi.^[7]

Yashil chiziq g'arbda to'rtta filialga ega: B (Boston kolleji ), C (Klivlend doirasi ), D. (Daryo bo'yida ) va E (Xit ko'chasi ). The Filial ilgari borgan Watertown, shimoldan janubga harflarni belgilash naqshini to'ldirish va E filiali ilgari Xit ko'chasidan nariga davom etgan Arborway.

Qizil chiziq janubda ikkita filialga ega, Ashmont va Braintree, ularning nomi bilan nomlangan terminal stantsiyalari.

Ranglar 1965 yil 26 avgustda ishlab chiqilgan dizayn standartlari bilan birgalikda tayinlangan Kembrijning etti sherigi,^[71] va 1964 yilda MTA-ni MBTA-ga qayta tashkil etgandan beri chiziqlar uchun asosiy identifikator bo'lib xizmat qildi. Orange Line shunday nomlangan, chunki u ilgari Orange Street (hozirgi Vashington ko'chasi quyi qismida) bo'ylab harakatlanardi, chunki sobiq "Orange Street" ham shaharni materikka qo'shilgan ko'cha edi. Boston bo'yni mustamlaka davrida;^[72] qismlariga ulashganligi sababli Yashil chiziq Zumraddan marjonlarni park tizimi; Moviy chiziq, chunki u ostida ishlaydi Boston Makoni; va Qizil chiziq, chunki uning shimoliy stantsiyasi ilgari bo'lgan Garvard universiteti, uning maktab rangi qip-qizil.^[73]

To'rt tranzit yo'nalishidan foydalaniladi standart temir yo'l o'lchagichi, ammo boshqacha mos kelmaydi; bir yo'nalishdagi poezdlar boshqasiga o'tish uchun o'zgartirilishi kerak edi. Orange va Blue Line poezdlari etarlicha o'xshashdir, chunki ba'zi bir Blue Line poezdlarini Orange Line-da ishlash uchun o'zgartirish ko'rib chiqilgan, ammo oxir-oqibat iqtisodiy sabablarga ko'ra rad etilgan. Bundan tashqari, ba'zi yangi Blue Line avtomobillari Siemens transporti Blue Line-da daromad xizmati uchun qabul qilinishidan oldin, soatlab Orange Line-da sinovdan o'tkazildi. Qizil chiziq va Ashmont-Mattapan yuqori tezlikda harakatlanish liniyasidan tashqari, chiziqlar o'rtasida to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yo'l aloqalari mavjud emas, ammo Moviy chiziqdan tashqari barcha juda kam ishlatiladigan ulanishlarga ega. milliy temir yo'l tarmog'i vagonlar va materiallar etkazib berish uchun ishlatilgan.^[74]

1897 yil sentyabr oyida ochilgan "Green Line" tunnelining to'rt yo'lli segmenti o'rtasida Park ko'chasi va Boylston stantsiyalari Qo'shma Shtatlardagi birinchi metro edi va belgilangan Milliy tarixiy yo'nalish. Hozirda "Yashil", "To'q sariq", "Moviy" va "Qizil" tunnellarning shahar qismlari 1912 yilgacha xizmat ko'rsatgan. Tez tranzit tarmog'iga qo'shimchalar 1900-yillarning aksariyat o'n yillarida sodir bo'lgan va 2000-yillarda Silver Line qo'shilishi bilan davom etmoqda. avtobus tez tranzit va rejalashtirilgan Green Line kengaytirish.^[75] (Qarang Tarix va Kelajakdagi rejalar bo'limlar.)

Yilda FY 2005 yilda tezkor tranzit va yengil temir yo'l liniyalarida (shu jumladan, Silver Line Bus Rapid Transit) o'rtacha 628,400 ish kuni bortlari bo'lgan yoki MBTA tizimining 55,0%.^[67]

2014 yil 29 yanvarda MBTA barcha 53 ta og'ir temir yo'l stantsiyalarida (Qizil, ko'k va to'q sariq chiziqlar) yo'lovchilarni kelayotgan poezdlar to'g'risida ogohlantiruvchi orqaga qarab soat ko'rsatkichlarini namoyish qilish tizimini yakunladi.^[76] MBTA 2015 yil davomida Green Line er osti stantsiyalarida hisoblash soatlarini joriy qildi.^[77] Bir necha daqiqada hisoblanadigan boshqa hisoblash soatlaridan farqli o'laroq, "Yashil chiziq" soatlari poezdning to'xtash joylari sonini hisoblab chiqadi.^[78]

Qatnovchi temir yo'l

Qatnovchi temir yo'l liniyalari shtatning sharqiy uchiga xizmat qiladi

MBTA teplovozlari Janubiy stantsiyadagi, sakkizta janub tomon yo'nalgan yo'lovchi temir yo'l liniyasining kirish terminali

The MBTA yo'lovchilar uchun temir yo'l tizim a mintaqaviy temir yo'l Bostondan sharqiy Massachusets chekkasiga etib boradigan tarmoq. Tizim o'n ikkita asosiy yo'nalishdan iborat bo'lib, ulardan uchtasi ikkita filialdan iborat. Temir yo'l tarmog'i a bo'yicha ishlaydi Xab-tarqatish paradigmasi, chiziqlar Boston shahridan radikal ravishda tashqariga qarab. Qator sakkiztasi birlashadi Janubiy vokzal, ulardan to'rttasi o'tishi bilan Orqa ko'rfaz stantsiya. Qolgan to'rttasi yaqinlashadi Shimoliy stantsiya. Ikki tomon o'rtasida yo'lovchi aloqasi yo'q; The Grand Junction temir yo'li daromadli bo'lmagan uskunalar uchun kirish uchun foydalaniladi texnik xizmat ko'rsatish ob'ekti. The Shimoliy-Janubiy temir yo'l aloqasi tizimning ikkala yarmini ulash uchun taklif qilingan; u ostida qurilgan bo'lar edi Markaziy arteriya tunnel Katta qazish.

MBTA orqali maxsus poezdlar harakatlanadi Franklin chizig'i va Providence / Stoughton Line ga Foxborough stantsiyasi uchun Nyu-England Patriotlari uy o'yinlari va boshqa tadbirlar Gillette stadioni. The CapeFLYER yozgi dam olish kunlari ishlaydigan shaharlararo xizmat, MBTA uskunalaridan foydalanadi va ishlaydi Middleborough / Lakeville liniyasi. Amtrak muntazam ravishda ishlaydi shaharlararo temir yo'l to'rt qatorli xizmat: Leyk Shore Limited ustidan Framingham / Worcester Line, Acela Express va Shimoli-sharqiy mintaqaviy orqali xizmatlar Providence / Stoughton Line, va Downeaster bo'limlari ustida Lowell Line va Haverhill chizig'i. Yuk poezdlari tomonidan boshqariladi Pan Am Janubiy, Pan Am temir yo'llari, CSX transporti, Providence va Worcester temir yo'li, va Fore daryosi temir yo'li shuningdek, tarmoq qismlaridan foydalaning.

Qo'shma Shtatlarda birinchi temir yo'l qatnovi 1834 yilda boshlangan Framingham / Worcester liniyasi orqali amalga oshirildi. Keyingi bir necha o'n yilliklar ichida Boston sakkiz magistral va o'nlab shoxobchalarga ega bo'lgan katta temir yo'l tarmog'ining markazi edi. 1900 yilga kelib mulkchilik birlashtirildi Boston va Meyn temir yo'li shimolga Nyu-York markaziy temir yo'li g'arbda va Nyu-York, Nyu-Xeyven va Xartford temir yo'li janubga Ko'pgina filiallar va bitta magistral chiziq - avvalgisi Eski koloniya temir yo'li 20-asrning o'rtalarida yo'lovchilarga xizmat ko'rsatishni to'xtatishgan. 1964 yilda ishdan chiqayotgan shahar atrofidagi temir yo'l operatsiyalarini subsidiyalash uchun MBTA tashkil etildi va ko'pchilikni mavjud bo'lgan tranzit tizimining kengaytmalariga aylantirmoqchi bo'ldi. Tizimning birinchi birlashtirilgan markasi 1974 yil 8 oktyabrda qo'llanilgan bo'lib, "MBTA Commuter Rail" nomlanishi va to'rtta metro liniyasiga o'xshash binafsha rangga bo'yalgan.^[21] Tizim torayishda davom etdi - asosan marginal chiziqlarning yo'qolishi bilan bir martalik aylanib o'tish - 1981 yilgacha. Tizim kengaytirildi, to'rt qator tiklandi (Fairmount Line 1979 yilda, Eski koloniya chiziqlari 1997 yilda va Greenbush liniyasi 2007 yilda), oltitasi kengaytirildi va bir qator stantsiyalar qo'shildi va tiklandi.

Yana bir necha kengayish rejalashtirilgan yoki taklif qilingan. The Janubiy qirg'oq temir yo'li Dastlabki qurilishi 2014 yilda boshlangan loyiha Providence / Stoughton Line-ning Stoughton qismini kengaytiradi Tonton, ikkita filial bilan Nyu-Bedford va Kuz daryosi. Providence / Stoughton liniyasining kengaytmalari Kingston, Middleborough / Lakeville liniyasi Buzzards ko'rfazi Shuningdek, Nyu-Xempshirdagi Lowell liniyasi ham taklif qilingan. To'ldirish shoxobchalari Boston Landing, Moviy tepalik xiyoboni, G'arbiy stantsiya va Janubiy Salem qurilayotgan yoki rejalashtirilgan.

Har bir qatnovchi temir yo'l liniyasi 1A va 1 dan 10 gacha raqamlangan o'n birgacha tarif zonalariga ega. Chavandozlar ular harakatlanadigan zonalar soniga qarab haq oladilar. Chiptalarni poezdda, chiptaxonalardan yoki ba'zi temir yo'l stantsiyalaridagi mashinalardan yoki mobil dastur yordamida sotib olish mumkin.^[79] Agar mahalliy sotuvchi yoki chipta sotadigan mashina mavjud bo'lsa, chavandozlar bortda naqd pul bilan to'lashlari uchun qo'shimcha haq to'laydilar. Narxlar 2,25 dan 12,50 dollargacha, ko'p martalik va oylik chiptalar mavjud.^[80] 2016 yilda ushbu tizim o'rtacha 122,600 kunlik chavandozni tashkil etdi va bu mamlakat bo'ylab to'rtinchi eng band bo'lgan temir yo'l transporti tizimiga aylandi.^[81]

MBTA qatnovchi temir yo'l tarmog'i mamlakatda birinchi bo'lib bortda bepul xizmat ko'rsatishni taklif qildi Wi-fi. Bu barcha poezdlar to'plamlarida Wi-Fi-ni qo'llab-quvvatlaydigan murabbiylarni taklif qiladi.^[82]

Paromlar

Qatnovli qayiq Kvinsi dock-ga yaqinlashmoqda Uzoq iskala (Quincy-dan xizmat 2013 yilda to'xtatilgan)

The MBTA qayig'i tizim bir nechtasini o'z ichiga oladi parom orqali yo'nalishlar Boston Makoni. Ulardan biri shaharning qirg'og'ini dengiz bilan bog'laydigan ichki port xizmatidir Boston Navy Yard yilda Charlstaun. Boshqa marshrutlar - shahar markazini bog'laydigan shahar atrofidagi yo'nalishlar Xingham, Hull va Salem. Ba'zi bir shahar transporti xizmatlari orqali ishlaydi Logan xalqaro aeroporti.

Barcha qayiq xizmatlari tomonidan boshqariladi xususiy sektor MBTA bilan shartnoma bo'yicha kompaniyalar. 2005 yil moliyaviy yilida MBTA qayiq tizimi ish kunida 4650 yo'lovchini (umumiy MBTA yo'lovchilarining 0,41%) tashiydi.^[67] Xizmat Boston Harbor Cruises (BHC) tomonidan MBTA shartnomasi asosida taqdim etiladi.

Paratransit

MBTA nogironlar uchun eshikka xizmat ko'rsatadigan "The Ride" ni ishga tushiradi. Paratransit xizmatlar odatdagi ish kunida 5,400 yo'lovchini tashiydi yoki bu MBTA tizimidagi yo'lovchilarning 0,47%.^[67][83] Ikkita xususiy xizmat ko'rsatuvchi provayderlar MBTA bilan The Ride: Veterans Transport MChJ shartnomaviy shartnomasi bo'yicha,^[84] va Milliy Ekspres Tranzit (KEYINGI).

2016 yil sentyabr oyida MBTA paratransit foydalanuvchilari attraksionlarni olishlari mumkinligini e'lon qildi Uber va Lyft. Chavandozlar bir necha daqiqa ichida olib ketish uchun $ 2 to'laydilar (ko'proq qiymat 15 dollardan oshiqroq sayohat uchun ko'proq) ertasi kuni rejalashtirilgan olib ketish uchun 3,15 dollar o'rniga. MBTA yurish uchun 31 dollar o'rniga 13 dollar to'laydi (The Ride-ning doimiy xarajatlari hisobga olinsa, har safar uchun 46 dollar).^[85]

Velosipedlar

Oddiy velosipedlarga, odatda, dam olish kunlari va ta'til kunlari avjga chiqadigan vaqtlarda va kun bo'yi MBTA yo'lovchi temir yo'lida, qatnovchi qayiqda va tez tranzit liniyalarida yo'l qo'yiladi. Biroq, velosipedlar emas Istalgan vaqtda Yashil chiziqda yoki Qizil chiziqning Ashmont-Mattapan yuqori tezlikda harakatlanadigan segmentida ruxsat beriladi. Old qismida velosiped tokchalari bilan jihozlangan avtobuslar (kumush qatorni o'z ichiga olgan holda) har doim tokchalar sig'imiga qadar velosipedlarni joylashtirishi mumkin. MBTA da'vo qilishicha, hozirda avtobuslarning 95% velosiped tokchalari bilan jihozlangan, bundan mustasno izsiz aravachalar hali bu imkoniyatga ega emas.^[86]

Tiqilinch va qattiq bo'shliqlar tufayli velosipedlar Park Street, Downtown Crossing va Government Center stantsiyalaridan har doim taqiqlanadi.^[86]

Biroq, ixcham katlanadigan velosipedlar barcha MBTA transport vositalarida har doim yo'l qo'yiladi, agar ular safar davomida, shu jumladan faregates orqali o'tishda to'liq katlanmış holda saqlansa. Benzin - kuchli transport vositalari, velosiped tirkamalari va Segvey taqiqlangan.^[86]

MBTA rusumli transport vositasiga velosipedda chiqish uchun maxsus ruxsatnoma talab qilinmaydi, ammo velosipedchilar ishlash qoidalari va soatlariga rioya qilishlari kutilmoqda. 16 yoshgacha bo'lgan velosipedchilarga ota-onasi yoki qonuniy vakili hamroh bo'lishi kerak. Batafsil qoidalar va avtobus oldidagi velosiped tokchalaridan qanday foydalanish haqida tushuntirish va velosiped to'xtash joyi MBTA veb-saytida.^[86]

MBTA o'z stantsiyalarining 95% dan ortig'i velosiped tokchalari bilan jihozlanganligini, ularning aksariyati ob-havo sharoiti ostida ekanligini aytmoqda. Bundan tashqari, o'ndan ortiq stantsiyalar "Pedal & Park" bilan himoyalangan to'liq yopiq joylar bilan jihozlangan videokuzatuv va xavfsizlikni yaxshilash uchun boshqariladigan eshikka kirish. Kirish huquqini olish uchun shaxsan ro'yxatdan o'tgan CharlieCard kartasidan foydalanish kerak. Ro'yxatdan o'tish onlayn tarzda amalga oshiriladi va haqiqiy elektron pochta manzili va CharlieCard-ning seriya raqami talab qilinadi. Barcha velosiped turar joylari bepul.^[86]

Avtoturargoh

2014 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], MBTA ishlaydi park qilish va sayr qilish Umumiy quvvati 55000 ta avtomobilni tashkil etadigan 103 ta joyda joylashgan ob'ektlar va Nyu-Angliyada eng ko'p ko'chadan tashqari pullik to'xtash joylarining egasi hisoblanadi.^[87] Avtoturargohdagi stantsiyalarda bo'sh joylar soni bir necha o'ndan 2500 gacha o'zgarib turadi. Kattaroq uchastkalar va garajlar odatda katta shosse chiqishiga yaqinlashadi va ko'pchilik ertalab to'ldiriladi shoshilinch soat. Qatnovchi temir yo'l tizimining janubiy qismida 22000, shimoliy qismida 9400 va metro stantsiyalarida 14600 bo'sh joy mavjud. Avtoturargoh narxi kuniga $ 4 dan $ 7 gacha, ba'zi stantsiyalarda bir kecha to'xtash joyiga (maksimal 7 kun) ruxsat beriladi.

MBTA-ga tegishli bo'lgan bir qator to'xtash joylarini boshqarish xususiy pudratchi tomonidan amalga oshiriladi. LAZ Park bilan 2012 yilgi shartnoma (bu birinchi emas edi)^[88]) 2017 yilda xodimlarning daromadlarini "skimming" aniqlagandan so'ng bekor qilingan; kompaniya ishni hal qilish uchun 5,5 million dollar to'lagan.^[89] Keyinchalik ish faoliyatini rag'batlantirish va firibgarlikka qarshi jazo choralari bilan yangi shartnoma Tennessi shtatidagi mashinalar tizimiga berildi.^[90]

MBTA-ga tegishli bo'lgan va mavjud bo'lgan "faxriy qutilar" bilan ish yuritadigan uchastkalarda to'xtab turadigan mijozlar mashinalar paytida mashinalar paytida yoki poezd, avtobus yoki qatnovchi qayiqda o'tirgandan keyin onlayn yoki telefon orqali to'xtashlari mumkin.^[91][92] 2014 yil fevral oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], MBTA o'chirildi ParkMobile to PayByPhone as its provider for mobile parking payments by smartphone.^[87] Monthly parking permits are available, offering a modest discount. Detailed parking information by station is available online, including prices, estimated vacancy rate, and number of accessible and bicycle parking slots.^[87]

2014 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], the MBTA has a policy for elektr transport vositasi charging stations in its parking spaces, but does not yet have such facilities available.^[93]

From time to time the MBTA has made various agreements with companies that contribute to commuting options. One company the MBTA selected was Zipkar; the MBTA provides Zipcar with a limited number of parking spaces at various subway stations throughout the system.^[94]

Ish vaqti

Traditionally, the MBTA has stopped running around 1 am each night, despite the fact that bars and clubs in most areas of Boston are open until 2 am. Like nearly all subways worldwide, the MBTA's subway does not have parallel express and local tracks, so much rail maintenance is only done when the trains are not running. An MBTA spokesperson has said, "with a 109-year-old system you have to be out there every night" to do necessary maintenance.^[95] The MBTA did experiment with "Night Owl" almashtirish avtobus xizmati from 2001 to 2005, but abandoned it because of insufficient ridership, citing a $7.53 per rider cost to keep the service open, five times the cost per passenger of an average bus route.^[96]

A modified form of the MBTA's previous "Night Owl" service was experimentally reinstated starting in the spring of 2014 – this time, all subway lines were proposed to run until 3 am on weekends, along with the 15 most heavily used bus lines and the para-transit service "The Ride".^[97][98]

Starting March 28, 2014, the late-night service began operation on a one-year trial basis, with service continuation depending on late-night ridership and on possible corporate sponsorship.^[99] As of August 2014^[yangilash], late-night ridership was stable, and much higher than the earlier failed experimental service. However, it is still unclear whether and on what basis the program might be extended past its first year.^[100] The extended hours program has not been implemented on the MBTA commuter rail operations.

In early 2016, the MBTA decided that Late-Night service would be canceled because of lack of funding. The last night for late-night service was on March 19, 2016. The last train left at 2 a.m. on March 19, 2016.

In 2018, the MBTA further tried "Early Morning and Late Night Bus Service Pilots^[101]". In June 2019, a year after the trials the board voted to make some changes to the schedule which would allow for further late night service to be incorporated long term ^[102][103]

Chavandozlik

During Fiscal Year 2013, the entire MBTA system had a typical weekday passenger ridership of 1,297,650. The MBTA's rapid transit lines (Red, Green, Orange, and Blue) accounted for 59% of all rides, buses accounted for 30%, and commuter rail accounted for 10% of all rides. The MBTA's ferries and paratransit accounted for the remaining 1% of rides.^[106]

Passenger ridership has been steadily growing over the years, and between 2010 and 2013, the system saw passenger ridership grow 4.6% or an additional 57,000 daily passengers to the system.

Moliyalashtirish

Narxlar va tariflarni yig'ish

Ticket machines and faregates at the Jahon savdo markazi stantsiyani Kumush chiziq.

The MBTA has various fare structures for its various types of service. The CharlieCard electronic farecard is accepted on the subway and bus systems, but not on commuter rail, ferry, or paratransit services. Passengers pay for subway and bus rides at faregates in station entrances or fareboxes in the front of vehicles; MBTA employees manually check tickets on the commuter rail and ferries.

Since the 1980s, the MBTA has offered discounted monthly passes on all modes for the convenience of daily commuters and other frequent riders. One-day and seven-day passes, intended primarily for tourists, are available for buses, subway, and inner harbor ferries.

The MBTA has periodically raised fares to match inflation and keep the system financially solvent. A substantial increase effective July 2012 raised public ire including an "Occupy the MBTA" protest. A transportation funding law passed in 2013 limits MBTA fare increases to 7% every two years.^[110] A 5% fare increase effective July 1, 2014 was implemented.

Subway and bus

Faregates at Haymarket station

All subway trips (Yashil chiziq, Moviy chiziq, To'q chiziq, Qizil chiziq, Ashmont-Mattapan Line, and the Waterfront section of the Kumush chiziq ) cost $2.40 for CharlieCard holders, CharlieTicket or cash payers.^[111] Local bus and trackless trolley fares (including the Washington Street section of the Silver Line) are $1.70 for CharlieCard holders and $2.00 for others.^[112] All transfers between subway lines are free with all fare media. Passengers using CharlieCards can transfer free from a subway to a bus, and from a bus to a subway for the difference in price ("step-up fare").^[113] CharlieTicket holders can transfer free between buses, but not between subway and bus, except between rapid transit and the Washington Street section of the Silver Line.^[113] Paying directly with cash is only available on buses, Green Line surface stops, and the Ashmont-Mattapan Line; the higher CharlieTicket price is charged.

The MBTA operates "Inner Express" and "Outer Express" buses to suburbs outside the subway system. Inner Express bus trips cost $4.25; Outer Express trips cost $5.25. Free transfers are available to the subway and local buses with a CharlieCard, and to local buses with a CharlieTicket.^[114]

CharlieTickets are available from ticket vending machines in MBTA rapid transit stations. CharlieCards are not dispensed by the machines, but are available free of charge on request at most MBTA Customer Service booths in stations, or at the CharlieCard Store at Downtown Crossing station. As given out, the CharlieCards are "empty", and must have value added at an MBTA ticket machine before they can be used.

The fare system, including on-board and in-station fare vending machines, was purchased from Nemis -based Scheidt and Bachmann, which developed the technology.^[115] The CharlieCards were developed by Gemalto and later by Giesecke & Devrient.^[116][117] In 2006 electronic fares replaced metal tokens, which had been used on and off on transit systems in Boston for over a century.

Until 2007, not all subway fares were identical – passengers were not charged for boarding outbound Green Line trains at surface stops, while double fares were charged for the outer ends of the Green Line D branch and the Red Line Braintree Branch. As part of a general fare hike effective January 1, 2007, the MBTA eliminated these inconsistent fares.^[118]

Subway and bus fare history

Qatnovchi temir yo'l

Commuter rail tickets and on-board fare receipts

Commuter rail fares are on a zone-based system, with fares dependent on the distance from downtown. Rides between Zone 1A stations – South Station, Back Bay, most of the Fairmount Line, and eight other stations within several miles of downtown – cost $2.10, the same as a subway fare with a CharlieCard. Fares for other stations range from $5.75 from Zone 1 (~5–10 miles from downtown) to $14.50 from Zone 10 (~60 miles). All Massachusetts stations are Zone 8 or closer; faqat T.F. Green Airport va Vikford Junction in Rhode Island are Zone 9 and 10.^[128]

Interzone fares – for trips that do not go to Zone 1A – are offered at a substantial discount to encourage riders to take the commuter rail for less common commuting patterns for which transit is not usually taken. Discounted monthly passes are available for all trips; 10-ride passes at full price are also available for trips to Zone 1A. All monthly passes include unlimited trips on the subway and local bus; some outer-zone monthlies also offer free use of express buses and ferries. A cash-on-board surcharge of $3.00 is added for trips originating from stations with fare vending machines.^[128]

MBTA qayig'i

The Inner Harbor Ferry costs $3.25 per ride, and is grouped as a Zone 1A monthly commuter rail pass. Single rides cost $8.50 from Hull or Hingham to Boston, $17.00 from Hull or Hingham to Logan Airport, and $13.75 from Boston to Logan Airport.^[129]

Ride

Fares on Ride, the MBTA's paratransit program, are structured differently from other modes. Passengers using The Ride must maintain an account with the MBTA in order to pay for service. Fares are $3.35for "ADA trips" originating within 0.75 miles (1.21 km) of fixed-route bus or subway service and booked in advance, and $5.60 for "premium trips" outside the mandated area.^[130]

Discounted fares

Discounted fares (as of 26 April 2018^[yangilash], $1.10 for the subway, $1.10 for a subway-bus transfer, and $0.85 for local buses including transfer) as well as discounted monthly local bus and subway passes are available to seniors over 65, and passengers who are permanently disabled who utilize a special photo CharlieCard (called "Senior ID" and "Transportation Access Pass", respectively).^[131] Holders of these passes are also entitled to 50% off the Commuter Rail fares. Passengers who are legally blind ride for free on all MBTA services (including express buses and the Commuter Rail) with a "Blind Access Card".^[131]

Children under 12 ride for free with an adult (up to 2 per adult). Military personnel, public servants, and certain government officials ride at no charge upon presentation of proper ID, or if dressed in official work uniforms.^[132]

Middle school and high school students receive the aforementioned discounts on fares. Student discounts require a "Student CharlieCard" or "S-Card" issued through the holder's school which is valid year-round. From the first day of school until June 31 of the next year, students can buy a 30-day LinkPass for $30 that allows for unlimited usage of the bus and rapid transit lines until the last day of that month. From July 1 to August 31, students can only load money on and pay as they would with a standard CharlieCard. Passes expire on August 31 and are reissued by the school the following school year.^[131]

College students are not eligible for reduced fares, but some colleges offer a "Semester Pass" program.^[133]

A special "Youth Pass" program was introduced in 2017, allowing young adults less than 25 years old who reside in participating cities or towns and are enrolled in specific low income programs to pay reduced fares.^[134]

Byudjet

Since the "forward funding" reform in 2000, the MBTA is funded primarily through 16% of the state sales tax excluding the meals tax (with minimum dollar amount guarantee), which is set at 6.25% statewide, and therefore equal to 1% of taxable non-meal purchases statewide.^[135] The authority is also funded by passenger fares and formula assessments of the cities and towns in its service area (excepting those which are assessed for the MetroWest Regional Transit Authority ). Supplemental income is obtained from its paid parking lots, renting space to retail vendors in and around stations, rents from utility companies using MBTA rights of way, selling surplus land and movable property, advertising on vehicles and properties, and federal operating subsidies for special programs.

A May 2019 report found the MBTA had a maintenance backlog of approximately $10 billion, which it hopes to clear by 2032 by increasing spending on capital projects.^[136]

The Capital Investment Program is a rolling 5-year plan which programs capital expenses. The draft FY2009-2014 CIP^[137] allocates $3,795M, including $879M in projects funded from non-MBTA state sources (required for Toza havo to'g'risidagi qonun compliance), and $299M in projects with one-time federal funding from the Amerikaning 2009 yilgi tiklanish va qayta investitsiya to'g'risidagi qonuni. Capital projects are paid for by federal grants, allocations from the general budget of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (for legal commitments and expansion projects) and MBTA bonds (which are paid off through the operating budget). The FY2014 budget includes $1.422 billion for operating expenses and $443.8M in debt and lease payments.^{[yangilanishga muhtoj ]}

The FY2010 budget was supplemented by $160 million in sales tax revenue when the statewide rate was raised from 5% to 6.25%, to avoid service cuts or a fare increase in a year when deferred debt payments were coming due.^[138]

Capital improvements and planning process

Boston Metropolitan rejalashtirish tashkiloti is responsible for overall regional surface transportation planning. As required by federal law for projects to be eligible for federal funding (except quloqchinlar ), the MPO maintains a fiscally constrained 20+ year Regional Transportation Plan for surface transportation expansion, the current edition of which is called Journey to 2030. The required 4-year MPO plan is called the Transportation Improvement Plan.

The MBTA maintains its own 25-year capital planning document, called the Program for Mass Transportation, which is fiscally unconstrained. The agency's 4-year plan is called the Capital Improvement Plan; it is the primary mechanism by which money is actually allocated to capital projects. Major capital spending projects must be approved by the MBTA Board, and except for unexpected needs, are usually included in the initial CIP.

In addition to federal funds programmed through the Boston MPO, and MBTA capital funds derived from fares, sales tax, municipal assessments, and other minor internal sources, the T receives funding from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for certain projects. The state may fund items in the Davlat amalga oshirish rejasi (SIP) – such as the Big Dig mitigation projects – which is the plan required under the Toza havo to'g'risidagi qonun to reduce air pollution. (As of 2007^[yangilash], all of Massachusetts is designated as a clean air "non-attainment" zone.)

In 2005, the administration of then-governor Mitt Romni announced a long range transportation plan that emphasized repair and maintenance over expansion.

Due to the financial constraints on the MBTA budget, it is expected that funds for all further expansion projects will be funded with money outside the MBTA's budget. A state transportation bond bill is being used to fund the Yashil chiziq kengaytmasi ga Somervil va Medford, and planning Janubiy qirg'oq temir yo'li shaharga temir yo'l xizmati Kuz daryosi va Nyu-Bedford.

Projects underway and future plans

Moviy chiziq

There is a proposal to extend the Blue Line northward to Lin, with two potential extension routes having been identified. One proposed path would run through marshland alongside the existing Newburyport/Rockport commuter rail line, while the other would extend the line along the remainder of the BRB&L right of way.^[139]

In addition, the MBTA has committed to designing an extension of the line's southern terminus westward to Charles/MGH, qaer bilan Qizil chiziq.^[140] This was one of the mitigation measures the Massachusets shtati agreed to offset increased automobile emissions from the Katta qazish,^[141] but it was later replaced in this agreement by other projects.

Yashil chiziq

Xaritasi Yashil chiziq kengaytmasi (GLX).

To settle a lawsuit with the Tabiatni muhofaza qilish to'g'risidagi qonun fondi to mitigate increased automobile emissions from the Katta qazish, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts agreed to extend the Green Line shimoldan to Somervil va Medford, two suburbs currently under-served by the MBTA. This plan starts at a relocated Lechmere station, and terminates at College Avenue in Medford and Union Square in Somerville. The original settlement-imposed deadline was December 31, 2014.^[142] There will be an expected daily ridership of 8,420.^[143] After projected costs increased to $3 billion, the project was halted in 2015 and scaled back. The revised project broke ground in June 2018^[50] and is expected to serve passengers beginning in late 2021.^[144]

Another mitigation project in the initial settlement was restoration of service on the E filiali o'rtasida Heath Street va Arborway/Forest Hills. A revised settlement agreement resulted in the substitution of other projects with similar air quality benefits. The state Executive Office of Transportation promised to consider other transit enhancements in the Arborway corridor.^[145]

Orange and Red Lines

Mockup of a new Red Line car on display in August 2018

In October 2013, MassDOT announced plans for a $1.3 billion subway car order for the Orange and Red Lines, which would replace and expand the existing car fleets and add more frequent service.^[146] The MassDOT Board awarded a $566.6 million contract to a Xitoy based manufacturer CNR (bu qismga aylandi CRRC the following year) to build 404 replacement railcars for the Orange Line and Red Line.^[147] The other bidders were Bombardier transporti, Kawasaki og'ir sanoat va Hyundai Rotem. CNR began building the cars at a new manufacturing plant in Sprinfild, Massachusets, with initial deliveries expected in 2018 and all cars in service by 2023.^[147] The Board forwent federal funding to allow the contract to specify the cars be built in Massachusetts, in order to create a local railcar manufacturing industry.^[148] In addition to the new rolling stock, the $1.3 billion allocated for the project will pay for testing, signal improvements and expanded maintenance facilities, as well as other related expenses.^[147] Sixty percent of the car's components are sourced from the United States.^[149] Replacement of the signal systems, which will increase reliability and allow more frequent trains, is expected to be complete by 2022, with a total cost of $218 million for both lines.^[150]

Shahar halqasi

The Shahar halqasi is a project of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and the Commonwealth of Massachusets shtati, to develop new jamoat transporti routes that would provide improved circumferential connections among many existing transit lines that project radially from downtown Boston, allowing easier travel between locations outside of downtown. The project corridor passes through various neighborhoods of Boston, "Chelsi", Everett, Malden, Medford, Somervil, Kembrij va Bruklin. The capital cost for this version of the plan is estimated at $2.2 billion, with a projected daily ridership of 170,000. 53% of the route is either in a bus-only lane, dedicated busway, or tunnel.^[151] The Urban Ring would have a higher collective ridership than the Orange Line, Blue Line, or the entire commuter rail system.^[151]

Qatnovchi temir yo'l

There are several proposed extensions to current commuter rail lines. Kengaytmasi Stoughton Line sifatida tanilgan Janubiy qirg'oq temir yo'li is proposed to serve Kuz daryosi va Nyu-Bedford.^[152][153] Critics argue that building the extension does not make economic sense.^[154]

A 20-mile (32 km) extension of the Providence Line o'tmish Dalil ga T. F. Green aeroporti va Vikford Junction yilda Rod-Aylend opened in 2012. The Roy-Aylend transport departamenti Amtrak stantsiyalarida xizmat ko'rsatish maqsadga muvofiqligini o'rganmoqda Kingston va G'arbiy yilda yangi stantsiyalar qurish bilan bir qatorda Krenston, Sharqiy Grinvich va G'arbiy Devisvill. Shuningdek, yangi stantsiyani oldindan rejalashtirish uchun federal mablag 'ajratildi Tavsiya.^[155]

2009 yil sentyabr oyida, CSX transporti and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts finalized a $100 million agreement to purchase CSX's Framingham ga Vester tracks, as well as some other track, to improve service on the Framingham/Worcester Line.^[156] A liability issue that had held up the agreement^[157][158] was resolved. There is also a project underway to upgrade the Fitchburg liniyasi bor idishni signalizatsiyasi and to construct a second track along a 7-mile (11 km) run near Acton which is shared with freight traffic, so that the Fitchburg to Boston trip will be able to take only about an hour. Completion is expected in December 2015.^[159]

Holati Nyu-Xempshir yaratgan Nyu-Xempshir temir yo'l tranzit boshqarmasi and allocated money to build platforms at Nashua va "Manchester".^[160] Maqola Eagle-Tribune claimed that Massachusetts was negotiating to buy property which has the potential to extend the Haverhill chizig'i ga Pleystov, Nyu-Xempshir.^[161]

Massachusetts agreed in 2005 to make improvements on the Fairmount Line part of its legally binding commitment to mitigate increased air pollution from the Katta qazish. These improvements, including four new to'ldirish stantsiyalari, were supposed to be complete by December 31, 2011.^[162] The total cost of the project was estimated at $79.4 million,^[163] and it was expected to divert 220 daily trips from automobiles to transit.^[164] 2014 yil mart holatiga ko'ra^[yangilash], three of the new stations were open; the fourth station has been delayed by community opposition. In 2014, the MBTA announce it would purchase Dizelning ko'pligi (DMU) self-propelled rail cars for the Fairmount Line with eventual expansion to five other lines to be known as the Indigo chizig'i.^[165] Rejalashtirilgan DMU xaridlari 2015 yilda bekor qilingan.^[166]

No direct rail connection exists between North Station and South Station, effectively splitting the commuter rail network into separate pieces. A Shimoliy-Janubiy temir yo'l aloqasi has been proposed to unite the two halves of the commuter rail system, to allow more convenient and efficient through-routed xizmat. However, because of high cost, Massachusetts withdrew its sponsorship of the proposal in 2006, in communications with the Qo'shma Shtatlar transport vazirligi. Advocacy groups continue to press for the project as a better alternative than expanding South Station, which would also be costly but provide fewer overall improvements in service.^[167]

Management and administration

In 2015, Massachusetts Governor Charli Beyker signed new legislation creating a financial control board to oversee the MBTA.^[168] The Fiscal and Management Control Board started meeting in July 2015 and is charged with bringing financial stability to the agency.^[169] The Fiscal and Management Control Board reports to Massachusetts Secretary of Transportation Stefani Pollak. Three of the five members of the MBTA Fiscal and Management Control Board are also members of the Massachusets transport departamenti. The Massachusetts Secretary of Transportation leads the executive management team of MassDOT in addition to serving in the Hokimning Kabinet. The MBTA's executive management team is led by its General Manager, who is currently also serving as the MassDOT Rail and Transit Administrator, overseeing all public transit in the state.^[170]

The MBTA Advisory Board represents the cities and towns in the MBTA service district. The municipalities are assessed a total of $143M annually (as of FY2008^[yangilash]). In return, the Advisory Board has veto power over the MBTA operating and capital budgets, including the power to reduce the overall amount.^[171]

Asosiy odamlar

MassDOT Board of Directors

MBTA Fiscal and Management Control Board

Boshqa muhim odamlar

Bosh menejerlar

Major facilities and offices

The MBTA's buses are maintained and stored at several bus garages located throughout Massachusets shtatining sharqiy qismida joylashgan:^{[qachon? ]}

• Albany Street, South End
• Cabot Garage, Janubiy Boston
• Arborway, Yamayka tekisligi
• Bartlett Garage (defunct, replaced by Arborway), Roksberi
• Charlestown/Bennett Garage (two conjoined garages)
• Everett Shops (also known as the Everett main repair facility)
• Fellsvay Garage, Medford
• Lin Garaj
• Shimoliy Kembrij (trolley buses only)
• Southampton Street Garage, South Boston (Silver Line, routes 28 and 39)
• Kvinsi Garaj

Rail lines have their own maintenance facilities:^{[qachon? ]}

• Blue Line: Sharq balandliklari Hovli
• Yashil chiziq: Daryo bo'yida Hovli va Suv ombori Hovli
• Orange Line: Vellington Hovli
• Red Line: Cabot Yard

Major administrative facilities:^{[qachon? ]}

• 10 Park Plaza (State Transportation Building), Boston
• 45 High Street, Boston
• MBTA Transit Police: 240 Southampton Street, Boston
• Senior & Transportation Access Pass (TAP) / Disability Office: CharlieCard Store, Downtown Crossing Station concourse (near Arch Street exit), Boston^[177]
• Customer Service Window: CharlieCard Store, Downtown Crossing Station concourse, Boston^[177]
• Revenue Operations: 32 Alford Street, Charlestown

Employees and unions

2009 yildan boshlab^[yangilash], the MBTA employs 6,346 workers, of which roughly 600 are in part-time jobs.^[178]

Structurally, the employees of the MBTA function as part of a handful of kasaba uyushmalari. The largest union of the MBTA is the Carmen's Union (Local 589), representing bus and subway operators. This includes full and part-time bus drivers, motorpersons and streetcar motorpersons, full and part-time train attendants, and Customer Service Agents (CSAs). Further unions include the Machinists Union, Local 264; Electrical Workers Union, Local 717; the Welder's Union, Local 651; the Executive Union; the Office and Professional Employees International Union, Local 453; the Professional and Technical Engineers Union, Local 105; and the Office and Professional Employees Union, Local 6.

Within the authority, employees are ranked according to ish staji (or "rating"). This is categorized by an employee's five or six-digit badge number, though some of the longest serving employees still have only three or four-digits. An employee's badge number indicates the relative length of employment with the MBTA; badges are issued in sequential order. The rating structure determines many different things, including the rank in which perks are to be offered to employee, such as: When offering the choice for quarter-annual route assignments ("picks"), overtime offerings, and even the rank to transfer new hires from part-time roles to a full-time role.

Law enforcement and security

The MBTA maintains its own police force which actively patrols all areas and vehicles used by the Authority. MBTA Police conduct routine vehicle patrol, routine foot patrol, incident investigations, and specialized patrol with K-9 dogs, and other specialized methods of explosive and narcotics detection.

The MBTA also maintains several yopiq televizor facilities located throughout its service area.^[179] The cameras monitor various areas including trains stations, and MBTA vehicles throughout the system on a 24-hour basis. MBTA phone numbers pasted onto the front of the fare gates can place customers having a problem directly into contact with one of these operations centers.

Tanqid

An "Occupy MBTA" banner outside of the Massachusets shtatidagi uy

Fares and financial issues

Ushbu maqola yoki bo'lim ko'rinadi so'nggi voqealarga moyil. Iltimos, so'nggi voqealarni tarixiy nuqtai nazardan ushlab turing va yaqinda bo'lmagan voqealar bilan bog'liq ko'proq tarkib qo'shing. (2019 yil may) (Ushbu shablon xabarini qanday va qachon olib tashlashni bilib oling)

Ahead of the MBTA's 2009 restructuring with the Massachusets transport departamenti (MassDOT), the MBTA had a total qarz of over US$8 billion.^[180] As a direct result, MBTA fares and parking fees have increased significantly.^[181] On July 1, 2012, MBTA fares went up as well as multiple service cuts, another fare hike took place on July 1, 2016.^[182]

Rail vs. bus service

When the Orange Line was rebuilt in the 1980s, it was rerouted from deteriorating baland temir yo'l structures to instead follow existing rail yo'l, to greatly reduce land acquisition and construction costs. This had the side effect of changing its course away from the lower income areas of Everett, "Chelsi" va Roksberi (where residents are less likely to own cars, and depend more on public transit), toward the more affluent towns of Malden va Medford, as well as sections of the Yamayka tekisligi neighborhood (where car ownership is higher, and thus, reliance on public transit is far lower).

To mitigate this, the MBTA set up a new bus line served by bo'g'inli avtobuslar equipped with specialized dispatching equipment, and a few of the features of a avtobus tez tranzit (BRT) route. The MBTA named this new service the Kumush chiziq, and classified it as though it were a high-capacity rail transit service, though it fails to meet full service standards for a BRT route. The Silver Line service has been criticized in many respects, most notably for its slow speed and the fact that it operates in mixed street traffic, subject to panjara va to'qnashuvlar, earning it the nickname "Silver Lie" among some critics.^[183] Reytingi Transport va rivojlanish siyosati instituti (ITDP) determined that the MBTA Silver Line was best classified as "Not BRT" after local decision makers gradually decided to do away with most BRT-specific features.^[184]:7,45

Radial vs. circumferential routes

Transportation advocates in Boston have complained that rail transit riders cannot travel from one outlying area to another without first traveling to the downtown hub stations, changing lines, and traveling outbound again. Some of the radial transit lines, notably the Green Line, are so overcrowded that service is very slow, unreliable, and capacity-limited because of rush-hour "yuklarni ezish ". There are several crosstown bus lines, such as the #1, #66, CT2, and CT3 routes, but they are slow, unreliable, and subject to avtobus tiqilishi because they must operate in mixed street traffic.

MBTA Shahar halqasi loyihasi would provide faster and more reliable circumferential service, and relieve overcrowding in the downtown hub stations. This issue has been studied as early as 1972, in the Boston Transportation Planning Review,^[185] and has been in detailed planning stages since before 2000,^[186] but has only been partially implemented due to lack of funding. A similar problem also occurs in the Vashington metrosi system, where customers cannot travel between suburbs on the same side of Vashington without going through downtown, and Chikago "s Metra va CTA systems, where all lines lead into and out of the central business district, rather than around it.

Ommaviy madaniyatda

In 1951, the growing subway network was the setting of "A Subway Named Mobius", a ilmiy fantastika qisqa hikoya written by the American astronomer Armin Jozef Deutsch. The tale described a Boston subway train which accidentally became a "phantom" by becoming lost in the to'rtinchi o'lchov, a ga o'xshash topologik Mobius strip.^{[187]:43[188]} In 2001, a half-century later, the narrative was awarded a Retro Hugo Award for Best Short Story da Jahon ilmiy fantastika konvensiyasi.^[189]

In 1959, the satirical song "M.T.A. " (informally known as "Charlie on the MTA") was a singl, as performed by the folksingers the Kingston Trio. It tells the absurd story of a passenger named Charlie, who cannot pay a newly imposed 5-cent exit fare, and thus remains trapped in the subway system. The song was still well known in 2006, when the MBTA named its new electronic farecards the "CharlieCard "va"CharlieTicket ".

Shuningdek qarang

• MBTA metro stantsiyalari ro'yxati
• Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining tezkor transport tizimlari ro'yxati
• MBTA va Anderson
• Bostondagi transport
• Boston ko'chasi temir yo'l birlashmasi

Adabiyotlar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• MBTA transport vositalarini inventarizatsiyasi - MBTA uskunalarining norasmiy ro'yxati