Arvohlar - Ghostbusters
| Arvohlar | |
|---|---|
 Teatrlashtirilgan plakat | |
| Rejissor | Ivan Reytman |
| Tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan | Ivan Reytman |
| Tomonidan yozilgan | |
| Bosh rollarda |
|
| Musiqa muallifi | Elmer Bernshteyn |
| Kinematografiya | Laslo Kovach |
| Tahrirlangan | |
Ishlab chiqarish kompaniyalar |
|
| Tarqatgan | Columbia Pictures |
Ishlab chiqarilish sanasi |
|
Ish vaqti | 105 daqiqa[1] |
| Mamlakat | Qo'shma Shtatlar |
| Til | Ingliz tili |
| Byudjet | 25-30 million dollar |
| Teatr kassasi | 296,4 million dollar |
Arvohlar 1984 yilgi amerikalik g'ayritabiiy komediya filmi rejissor Ivan Reytman va tomonidan yozilgan Dan Aykroyd va Xarold Ramis. Yulduzlar Bill Marrey, Aykroyd va Ramis kabi Piter Venkman, Rey Stants va Egon Spengler, eksantrik trio parapsixologlar Nyu-York shahrida ruhlarni tutadigan biznesni boshlaydiganlar. Filmda asosiy rollar ham ijro etilgan Sigourney Weaver va Rik Moranis va xususiyatlari Enni Potts, Uilyam Atherton va Erni Xadson yordamchi rollarda.
O'zining ma'naviyatga bo'lgan qiziqishiga asoslanib, Aykroyd homilador bo'ldi Arvohlar o'zi uchun loyiha sifatida va Jon Belushi. Qahramonlar shaytoniy va g'ayritabiiy tahdidlarga qarshi kurashish uchun vaqt va makon bo'ylab sayohat qilishadi. Belushi vafotidan keyin va Aykroydning kontseptsiyasi moliyaviy jihatdan foydasiz deb topilganidan so'ng, u Ramis bilan birgalikda Nyu-York shahrida o'rnatish va uni yanada aniqroq qilish uchun ssenariyni qayta yozgan. Arvohlar qimmatbaho maxsus effektlardan foydalangan birinchi komediya filmi edi. Bu talab qilinadigan byudjetdan xavotirda edi va kassada muvaffaqiyat qozonish imkoniyatiga unchalik ishonmadi. Taxminan 25-30 million dollarlik byudjetda filmni suratga olish 1983 yil oktyabridan 1984 yil yanvarigacha Nyu-York va Los-Anjelesda joylashgan joyda va sahnalarda bo'lib o'tdi. Burbank studiyasi, Los-Anjeles. O'sha paytda ishlab chiqarilayotgan turli xil filmlar orasida maxsus effektlar studiyalari uchun o'tkazilgan tanlov, byudjetning bir qismi yangi studiyani birgalikda tashkil etish uchun ishlatilishini anglatadi. Richard Edlund. U xayoliy tasvirlarni etkazish uchun amaliy effektlar, miniatyuralar va qo'g'irchoqlarning kombinatsiyasidan foydalangan.
Arvohlar 1984 yil 8-iyun kuni tanqidlarga sazovor bo'ldi va madaniy hodisaga aylandi. Bu komediya, harakat va dahshat mohirona aralashmasi uchun yaxshi kutib olindi va Murrayning ijrosi maqtov uchun bir necha bor ajralib turdi. Dastlabki teatr tomoshasi davomida film 282,2 million dollar ishlab topdi va shu bilan u o'sha yilning ikkinchi eng ko'p daromad keltirgan filmiga aylandi va shu vaqt ichida barcha davrlarning eng ko'p daromad keltirgan komediyasi bo'ldi. Bu ketma-ket etti hafta davomida kinoteatrlarda birinchi raqamli film edi va o'sha yili 100 million dollardan ko'proq pul ishlagan to'rtta filmdan biri edi. Keyinchalik teatrlashtirilgan nashrlar umumiy daromadni taxminan 295,7 million dollarga etkazdi va bu 1980-yillarning eng muvaffaqiyatli komediya filmiga aylandi. 2015 yilda Kongress kutubxonasi ichida saqlash uchun uni tanladi Milliy filmlar registri, uni "madaniy, tarixiy yoki estetik jihatdan ahamiyatli" deb topish. Uning mavzusidagi qo'shiq "Arvohlar "tomonidan Rey Parker Jr., shuningdek, birinchi raqamli hit bo'ldi.
Ommaviy madaniyatga ta'siri va bag'ishlangan muxlisga ergashishi bilan muvaffaqiyat Arvohlar ko'p milliard dollarni ishga tushirdi multimedia franshizasi. Bunga mashhur animatsion teleseriallar kiradi Haqiqiy arvohlar (o'zi media-franchayzani yaratgan), uning ketma-ket seriyasi Ekstremal arvohlar, video O'yinlar, taxta o'yinlar, hajviy kitoblar, kiyim-kechak, musiqa, kitoblar, oziq-ovqat, o'yinchoqlar, kollektsiyalar va boshqalar hayajonli diqqatga sazovor joylar. Arvohlar 1989 yilda davomi, Ghostbusters II moliyaviy va tanqidiy jihatdan unchalik yaxshi bo'lmagan. Keyingi filmni davom ettirishga qaratilgan takroriy urinishlar Ramisning vafotidan so'ng 2014 yilda tugagan edi. Shuningdek, 2016 yilda qayta ishga tushirildi Arvohlar, aralash sharhlar va moliyaviy muvaffaqiyatsizlikka chiqarildi. Ikkinchi, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri davomi, Arvohlar: Oxirgi hayot, 2021 yilda chiqarilishi rejalashtirilgan.
Uchastka
Piter Venkman, Rey Stants va Egon Spenglerlar olimlardir Kolumbiya universiteti g'ayritabiiy holatni tekshirish. Da namoyon bo'lgan sharpa bilan birinchi uchrashuvidan so'ng Nyu-York ommaviy kutubxonasi, dekan ularni ishdan bo'shatadi va tadqiqotlarining ishonchliligini bekor qiladi. Bunga javoban ular "Ghostbusters" ni yaratadilar, a g'ayritabiiy tergov va yo'q qilish xizmat. Ular ishlatilmaydigan o'txonani o'zgartiradilar, arvohlarni tutish va o'z ichiga oladigan yuqori texnologiyali uskunalarni ishlab chiqadilar va kombinatsiyalangan avtomobil o'z bizneslarini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun "Ectomobile" ga.
Ularning televizion reklamasini ko'rib, skeptik selist, Dana Barret dastlab mensimaydi, lekin o'z oshxonasidagi g'ayritabiiy uchrashuvdan keyin ularni istamay chaqiradi. Voqeani eslab, u muzlatgichini ochib, bitta so'zni aytadigan jonzotni ko'rishini tasvirlaydi: "Zuul". Venkman uni tinchlantiradi va romantik qiziqish uyg'otadi, Rey va Egon esa uning da'volarini o'rganadilar. Ular Sedgewick mehmonxonasidan ruhni olib tashlash uchun yollanmaguncha, ish sust. U erda Egon guruhni hech qachon o'zlarining energiya oqimlarini kesib o'tmaslik haqida ogohlantiradi proton to'plami qurol, chunki bu halokatli portlashga olib kelishi mumkin. Ular birinchi arvohini ushlaydilar va uni o'txonadagi maxsus saqlovchi qismga joylashtiradilar.
Yaqinda Nyu-Yorkda g'ayritabiiy faollik oshgani sayin ularning bizneslari jadal rivojlanmoqda. Talabni engish uchun ular to'rtinchi a'zosi Uinston Zeddemorni yollashadi. Ularning faoliyatidan shubhali, Valter Pek, an Atrof muhitni muhofaza qilish agentligi inspektor, ularning jihozlarini baholashni so'raydi, lekin Venkman uni haqorat qilganidan keyin ketadi. Shaxsiy ravishda Egon g'ayritabiiy faollikning ko'payishi xavfli bo'lib, ularning jihozlari stress ostida ishlamay qolish xavfi borligini ogohlantiradi.
Venkman Dana bilan uchrashadi. U Zulning a yarim xudo "Gozer Gozerian" ga xizmatkor sifatida sig'inadigan, a shakl o'zgarishi halokat xudosi. U Danani o'z ishini kechki ovqat paytida muhokama qilishga ishontiradi. Biroq, Dana uyga qaytgach, unga g'ayritabiiy tajovuz va egalik Zul tomonidan. Yaqin atrofdagi kvartirada deyarli bir xil shaxs o'zini namoyon qiladi, keyin uning qo'shnisi Lui Tulini ta'qib qiladi va egalik qiladi. Venkman keladi va "Darvozabon" deb da'vo qilgan Dana / Zulni topadi. O'zini ham tutib olgan Lui politsiya xodimlari tomonidan topilgan va o'zini "Gozerning asosiy ustasi Vinz Klorto" deb da'vo qilmoqda. Ghostbusters ular yana birlashishlari kerakligiga rozi bo'lishadi, lekin juftlikni ajratib turishadi.
Pek huquqni muhofaza qilish idoralari va shahar ishchilari bilan Ghostbustersni hibsga olish uchun qaytib keladi va ularning ruhlarini saqlash tizimini o'chirishga buyruq beradi. Imkoniyatdan tashqari stress, yopilish portlashni keltirib chiqaradi, chunki qo'lga olingan arvohlar bo'shatiladi va Ghostbusters hibsga olinadi. Lui / Vinz sarosimada qochishga muvaffaq bo'ldi va Dana / Zul bilan uchrashadigan turar-joy binosiga yo'l oldi. Qamoqda Rey va Egon Dana binosi g'ayritabiiy o'sishning haqiqiy manbai ekanligini aniqladilar. Me'mor, Ivo Shandor, a daho va Gozerga sig'inadigan kultning etakchisi, uni dunyoni yo'q qilish maqsadida ruhlarni kanallarga yo'naltirish uchun yaratgan. Shaharda tartibsizlikka duch kelgan Ghostbusters shahar hokimini Pekning noroziligiga qaramay ularni ozod qilishga ishontiradi.
Dana / Zuul va Louis / Vinz ko'p qavatli uylarning tomida o'lchamlar orasidagi eshikni ochib, Ghostbusters kelganda g'ayritabiiy mavjudotlarga aylanadi. Ayol qiyofasidagi Gozer keladi va Rey u bilan birinchi bo'lib mulohaza yuritishga urinadi. Bu muvaffaqiyatsiz tugagandan so'ng, Gozer hujum qiladi va Ghostbusters uni tuzoqqa tushirishga majbur qiladi, lekin u yo'q bo'lib ketadi. Uning gavdalanmagan ovozi Ghostbusters-dan "halokatchi shaklini tanlashni" talab qiladi. Rey beixtiyor bolaligidan sevimli korporativ maskotni eslaydi va Gozer yana shaharga hujum qilishni boshlagan ulkan, "Stay Puft" marshmallow odam qiyofasida paydo bo'ladi. Egon jamoaga uning ilgari bergan maslahatlarini e'tiborsiz qoldirishni va Gozer portalida proton energiya oqimlarini kesib o'tishni aytadi. Natijada paydo bo'lgan portlash Gozerning marshmallow odam shaklini yo'q qiladi, uni bu o'lchamdan chiqarib tashlaydi va portalni yopadi. Ghostbusters Dana va Louisni qoldiqlardan qutqaradi va ularni ko'chada qahramonlar sifatida kutib olishadi.
Cast
- Bill Marrey kabi Piter Venkman
- Dan Aykroyd kabi Rey Stants
- Sigourney Weaver kabi Dana Barret
- Xarold Ramis kabi Egon Spengler
- Rik Moranis kabi Lui Tulli
- Enni Potts kabi Janin Melnits
- Uilyam Atherton Uolter Pek singari
- Erni Xadson kabi Uinston Zeddemor
Asosiy tarkibga qo'shimcha ravishda, Arvohlar Xususiyatlari Devid Margulies Nyu-York meri Lenni Klotch sifatida; Maykl Ensign Sedgewick mehmonxonasi menejeri sifatida; va Slavitza Xovan Gozer sifatida (tomonidan aytilgan Paddi Edvards ). Filmda astrolog ham bor Rut Xeyl Oliver kutubxona arvohi sifatida,[2] Elis Drummond kutubxonachi sifatida,[3] Jennifer Runyon va Stenk Tesh Venkmanning psixologik sinovlari mavzusida,[4][5] Playboy Playmate Kymberly Herrin Dream Ghost sifatida,[2] Timoti Karxart skripkachi sifatida,[5] va Reginald VelJonson politsiya xodimi sifatida. Rojer Grimsbi, Larri King, Djo Franklin va Keysi Kasem o'zlari kabi kameo, ikkinchisi faqat ovozli rolda. Qosemning rafiqasi Jan filmda Lui partiyasidagi baland bo'yli mehmon sifatida namoyon bo'ladi. Filmda porno yulduzning chiqishlari ham mavjud Ron Jeremi va yosh Debbi Gibson.[4] Direktor Ivan Reytman turli xil sharpa ovozlarini, shu jumladan, taqdim etdi Nozikroq.[6]
Ishlab chiqarish
Rivojlanish
Arvohlar tomonidan ilhomlangan Dan Aykroyd bilan hayratga tushish va unga bo'lgan ishonch g'ayritabiiy.[1][7] Bu otasidan (kitob yozgan) meros bo'lib qolgan Arvohlar tarixi),[8] onasi (u arvohlarni ko'rgan deb da'vo qilgan), bobosi (marhumlar bilan aloqa qilish uchun radiolardan foydalanishni tajriba qilgan) va bobosi (taniqli) ruhparast ). 1981 yilda u haqidagi maqolani o'qidi kvant fizikasi va parapsixologiya yilda Amerika Psixik tadqiqotlar jamiyati jurnali, bu unga arvohlarni tuzoqqa tushirish g'oyasini berdi. Shuningdek, Aykroyd jamoalar tomonidan suratga olingan 20-asr o'rtalaridagi komediya sharpa filmlarini modernizatsiya qilish g'oyasiga jalb qilindi. Abbot va Kostello (Usha sharpa ushla (1941)), Bob umid (Arvohni buzuvchilar (1940)) va Bowery Boys (Arvoh ta'qib qiluvchilar (1951)).[7][9]
Aykroyd ssenariy yozishni boshladi va unda o'zi ishtirok etishni niyat qildi Eddi Merfi va uning do'sti va hamkasbi Saturday Night Live (SNL) bitiruvchisi Jon Belushi, 1982 yil mart oyida Belushi tasodifan o'limidan oldin.[7][1] Aykroyd o'sha lahzani eslab: "Men Jon va [prodyuser va iste'dodlar agenti" uchun qator yozgan edim. Berni Brilshteyn qo'ng'iroq qilib, uni hozirgina topishganini aytdi ... Biz bir-birimizni birodar sifatida yaxshi ko'rardik. "[7] U boshqa bir SNL sobiq sherigiga murojaat qildi, Bill Marrey, loyihaga qo'shilishga rozi bo'lgan, aniq shartnomasiz bo'lsa ham, u tez-tez ishlagan.[7] Aykroyd o'z kontseptsiyasini Brillshteynga arvohlarni ta'qib qiladigan uch kishi, hatto "Marshmallow Man" ning eskizini taqdim etgan. U ularni zararkunandalarga qarshi kurashning oddiy ishchilariga o'xshatib, "Ghostbuster-ga qo'ng'iroq qilish xuddi kalamushlarni olib tashlashga o'xshardi" dedi.[9]
Uning muvaffaqiyatlaridan so'ng Hayvonlar uyi (1978), Köfte (1979) va Chiziqlar (1981), Aykroyd Ivan Reytmanni rejissyor uchun mantiqiy tanlov deb bildi.[7] Reitmanning so'zlariga ko'ra, unga Belushi hali ham kelajakdagi aktyorlar guruhi paytida filmning asosiy kontseptsiyasi aytilgan va bu film kelajakda ko'plab galaktika arvohlari guruhlari bilan bo'lib o'tgan. U buni "200 million dollarga teng mablag 'sarflanishi kerak edi" deb his qildi.[9] Aykroydning asl nusxasi 70-80 bet skriptni davolash ohangda jiddiyroq edi va qo'rqinchli bo'lishi kerak edi. Unda Ghostbusters logotipi va tayyor ssenariyda mavjud bo'lgan Marshmallow Man kabi elementlar mavjud edi.[9][7]
Reytman Aykroyd bilan Art's Delicatessen-da tushlik paytida uchrashdi Los-Anjelesdagi Studio City va unga hozirgi davolanishni amalga oshirishning iloji yo'qligini tushuntirdi. Uning ta'kidlashicha, uni butunlay Yer yuzida o'rnatish g'ayrioddiy elementlarni yanada kulgili qiladi. Agar ular boshidanoq realizmga e'tibor qaratsalar, u holda marshmallow odamining borligi oxirigacha ishonchli bo'lishi mumkinligini his qildi. Reitman, shuningdek, Ghostbusters-ning o'z biznesini boshlashdan oldin universitetda ishlaganligi haqida batafsil ma'lumot berish g'oyasini o'ylab topdi va "bu 1980-yillarning boshlari edi: hamma biznes bilan shug'ullanayotgan edi".[9][7] Tushlikdan keyin Reytman va Aykroyd piyoda yurishdi Burbank studiyalari bilan uchrashmoq Xarold Ramis. Reytman u bilan birga ishlagan Hayvonlar uyi, Köfteva Chiziqlarva u Aykroyddan ko'ra ssenariy uchun mo'ljallangan ohangni yaxshiroq bajara olishiga ishongan.[9] Reytman, shuningdek, Ramis ruhlar hayvoni tasvirini berishi kerakligini his qildi; ssenariyni o'qiganidan so'ng Ramis darhol loyihaga qo'shildi.[7]
Stsenariyda katta o'zgarishlarni talab qilishiga qaramay, Reitman filmni o'sha paytga qadar -Columbia Pictures ijro etuvchi Frank narx 1983 yil mart oyida. Narx kontseptsiyani kulgili deb topdi, ammo loyihaning o'zi munozarali edi, chunki komediyalar rentabellik darajasiga ko'tarilgani ko'rinib turardi. Maxsus effektlar va mashhurligi tufayli shuhrati oshib boradigan aktyorlar tarkibi tufayli film katta byudjetni talab qiladi Saturday Night Live.[7][9] Reitman, ular 25-30 million dollar bilan ishlashlari mumkinligini aytdi (har xil raqamlar keltirilgan). Film 1984 yil iyun oyiga qadar chiqishi mumkin bo'lgan vaqtgacha kelishib olindi.[8][7] Keyinchalik Reytman bu raqamni uch baravar ko'p byudjetga asoslanib tuzganini tan oldi Chiziqlar, bu "oqilona" tuyuldi.[7] Bu filmni suratga olish uchun o'n uch oy qoldi, ssenariysi, effektlari studiyasi yoki suratga olish boshlanish sanasi yo'q edi.[8] U yolladi Djo Medjuk va Maykl C. Gross kabi assotsiatsiyalashgan ishlab chiqaruvchilar, ilgari ular bilan hamkorlik qilgan.[10] Kolumbiyaning o'sha paytdagi bosh direktori Fay Vinsent advokati Dik Gallopni Nyu-Yorkdan Los-Anjelesga Praysni filmni ta'qib qilmaslikka ishontirish uchun yuborgan, ammo Prays bu fikrga qo'shilmagan. Gallop bosh idoraga qaytib, narx "nazoratdan chetda qolganligi" haqida xabar berdi.[9][7]
"Ghostbusters" filmi 1970-yillarning bolalar shousi tomonidan qonuniy ravishda cheklanganidan beri film uchun bir nechta nomlar ko'rib chiqildi The Ghost Busters tegishli Universal studiyalar. Ba'zi bir variantlarga "Ghoststoppers", "Ghostbreakers" va "Ghostsmashers" kiradi. Yaxshiyamki, Narx Kolumbiya bilan erta ajralib chiqdi Arvohlar' ishlab chiqarish boshlig'i bo'ldi Universal rasmlar, o'sha paytda u Kolumbiyaga unvonga ega bo'lishiga ruxsat berdi.[9][7][11] Kolumbiya filmni ishlatgani uchun 500000 dollar va plyus daromadining 1 foizini to'lagan. Berilgan Gollivudning buxgalteriya hisobi Ammo amaliyotda film texnik jihatdan hech qachon to'lov uchun qarzdor bo'lish uchun Universal uchun foyda keltirmagan.[12]
Yozish
Aykroyd, Ramis va Reytman ssenariyni qayta ishlashni boshladilar, avval Reitmanning ofisida o'zlarini va oilalarini sekvestr qilishdan oldin. Martaning uzumzori, Massachusets shtati. Aykroydning u erda uyi bor edi va ular uning podvalida taxminan ikki hafta davomida kechayu kunduz ishlashdi.[8] U ssenariysini qayta ishlash haqida tushunar edi. U o'zini kulgili vaziyatlar va g'ayritabiiy jargonlarni yaratgan "oshxona lavabosi" yozuvchisi deb bilar edi, Ramis esa hazil va suhbatni yanada takomillashtirdi. Ular alohida-alohida yozdilar va keyin bir-birlarini qayta yozdilar. Ko'plab sahnalarni, shu jumladan taniqli odamlar ta'qib qilgan boshpana va ruhlarni saqlash uchun noqonuniy omborxonani kesib tashlash kerak edi. Nyu-Jersi yoqilg'i quyish shoxobchasi.[7] Ularning dastlabki va to'liq ssenariysi 1983 yil iyul oyining o'rtalarida Uzumzorni tark etgach, uchinchi va yakuniy loyihasi avgust oyining boshlarida tayyor bo'lgandan keyin yakunlandi.[13][8][7] Keyinchalik Myurrey Nyu-Yorkka filmni suratga olgandan keyin uchib ketganida Jiletning qirrasi (1984) Aykroyd va Ramis bilan uchrashish uchun u ssenariyga yoki uning xarakteriga ozgina ma'lumot berdi. Avvalroq Murrayga bir necha bor yozgan Ramis, o'z xarakterining ovozi bilan qanday ishlashni bilishini aytdi.[7]
Ramisning xarakteri Ghostbustersning miyasi, Aykroydning yuragi va Murrayning og'zi bo'lishi erta qaror qilindi.[9] Aykroyd Gollivud arxetiplaridan ilhomlanib, shunday dedi: "[Piter Venkman, Raymond Stants va Egon Spengler belgilarini birlashtiring, va sizda Qo'rqinchli, sher, va Qalay odam."[7] Aykroydning kontseptsiyasi Ghostbusters-ga xo'jayini bo'lishi va vaziyatlarga yo'naltirilishi kerak edi. Ramis ular "o'z taqdirlarini" boshqarishni va o'z tanlovlarini qilishni afzal ko'rdilar. Bu uchta markaziy belgi uchun yanada aniqroq shaxsiyatlarning rivojlanishiga olib keldi: Venkman salqin, zamonaviy sotuvchi sifatida; Stanz halol, g'ayratli texnik sifatida; va Spengler faktik, axloqiy intellektual sifatida.[10] Egisning ko'rinishi uchun Ramis mavhum arxitektura jurnalining muqovasidan ilhomlangan. Unda uch dona tvid kostyum, simli ko'zoynak taqqan, sochlari tik turgan odam tasvirlangan edi. U qahramonning ismini maktabda o'qigan venger qochqinidan va tarixchi familiyasini oldi Osvald Shpengler.[9]
Yozuvning eng qiyin qismi - bu voqeaning maqsadi, yovuz odam kimligini va ularning maqsadi, nima uchun arvohlar namoyon bo'lganligi va qanday qilib baland zefir odam paydo bo'lganligini aniqlash edi. Marshmallow Man, Aykroydning dastlabki davolanishida juda ko'p jonzotlardan biri bo'lib, dastlab Sharqiy daryo filmga atigi yigirma daqiqa. Bu Reitman uchun ajralib turardi, lekin ular nisbatan realistik ohangda bo'lganligi sababli unga tegishli edi. Ushbu jarayon sodir bo'lganda, Reitman film uchun maxsus effektlar studiyasini qidirib topdi va oxir-oqibat yolladi Richard Edlund xuddi shu ikki haftalik vaqt ichida.[8][14]
Kasting
Bill Myurreyni kasting qilish juda muhim hisoblangan Arvohlar' potentsial muvaffaqiyat, lekin u so'nggi daqiqalarga qadar loyihalarga sodiq qolmaganligi bilan tanilgan edi. Narx mablag 'ajratishga rozi bo'ldi Jiletning qirrasi, Murray birgalikda yozgan va u ishtirok etgan. Uning mantiqiy asosi shundaki, agar u muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lsa, u juda oz pul yo'qotadi, ammo u bu imo-ishora bilan Merreyning sadoqatini kafolatlaydi. Arvohlar.[7] Uchta asosiy yulduzlardan tashqari, boshqa rollarni ijro etish uchun asosan Jou Medjuk javobgar edi.[15] Erni Xadson Uinston Zeddemorning obrazini sinash uchun beshga yaqin tanlovni o'tkazdi va uning rolini o'rganishdan oldin bir oy kutish kerak edi.[7] Unga ko'ra, ssenariyning avvalgi versiyasida uning xarakteri Uinston, Havo Kuchlarini buzish bo'yicha mutaxassis sifatida katta rol o'ynagan. Qismdan hayajonlanib, u odatdagi ish haqining yarmiga ishlashga rozi bo'ldi. Rasmga olish boshlanishidan bir kun oldin unga rol juda kamaygan yangi ssenariy berildi; Reytman unga studiya Myurreyning qismini kengaytirmoqchi ekanligini aytdi.[16] Aykroyd Eddi Merfini u bilan birga ishlagan holda ushbu rol uchun xohlashini aytdi Savdo joylari (1983), garchi Reitman buni rad etdi.[2][17] Gregori Xayns qismi uchun ham ko'rib chiqildi.[18]
Julia Roberts Dana Barrett roli uchun tanlovda qatnashgan, ammo aynan Sigourney Weaver kinorejissyorlarning e'tiborini tortgan. Odatda u o'ynagan jiddiy rollar tufayli uni kastingga qarshilik ko'rsatgan Chet ellik (1979) va Xavfli yashash yili (1982). Weaver o'zining komediya asosini ochib berdi Yel drama maktabi va to'rt oyoq bilan yura boshladi va itday uvillay boshladi.[8][9] Bu uning taklifi Dana jin Zuul degan itga tegib ketishi kerak edi. Reitmanning so'zlariga ko'ra, bu voqealardagi belgilarga shaxsiy ulush berib, oxirgi aktdagi muammolarni hal qildi.[8] Uiver shuningdek, u qandaydir qattiqqo'l bo'lishi mumkinligini aytib, model rolini musiqachiga aylantirdi, ammo "siz uning ruhi borligini bilasiz, chunki u viyolonselda o'ynaydi".[7]
John Candy Lui Tulli roli taklif qilindi. Reitman, bu belgini tushunmaganligini aytish uchun Candy uni qayta chaqirganiga bir necha kun bo'lganini esladi. Candy Tullyni nemis aksenti va ko'p karra bilan tasvirlashni taklif qildi Nemis cho'ponlari, lekin kinorejissyorlar filmda allaqachon etarlicha itlar borligini his qilishdi. Ular va Candy kastingga o'tishdi. Reytman Rik Moranisning Torontodagi birgalikdagi ishlaridan xabardor edi va unga ssenariyni yubordi. Taxminan bir soatdan keyin Reitmanga qo'ng'iroq qildi va bu qismni to'liq anglab etganini aytib, qabul qildi.[8][9][13] Moranis uning fe'l-atvorining ko'plab jihatlarini rivojlantirdi, shu jumladan uni buxgalterga aylantirdi va Tullining partiyasida uzoq nutq so'zladi.[13] Sandra Bernxard Anni Pottsga ketgan Ghostbusters kotibi Janin Melnitsning roli rad etildi va rad etildi. Filmning birinchi kuniga kelganida Reitman Pottsni hozirgi sahnaga shoshildi. U tezda ko'cha kiyimlarini o'zgartirdi va ko'zoynagini qarzga oldi kiyim kiyimi. Uning fe'l-atvori film davomida ko'zoynaklar taqib yurgan, har bir sahnadan oldin unga shkaf tomonidan taqdim etilgan.[19][9]
Uilyam Atherton paydo bo'lganidan keyin Valter Pekning roli uchun tanlangan Broadway o'ynash Broadway SNL bitiruvchisi bilan bir qatorda Gilda Radner. Bu rol Athertonga o'xshash narsa sifatida tasvirlangan Margaret Dyumont rolini a komediya plyonkasi uchun Birodarlar Marks. Atherton shunday dedi: "Bu kulgili bo'lishi mumkin emas va men [Ghostbusters] ni hech bo'lmaganda maftunkor topolmayman. Men g'azablanishim kerak".[20] Ning roli Shumer xudo Gozer Gozerian dastlab mo'ljallangan edi Pol Rubens, biznesga mos me'mor sifatida tasavvur qilingan. Ruben bu g'oyani amalga oshirdi va u Yugoslaviya aktrisasi Slavitsa Yovanga tegishli edi. Bu rol ilhomlangan rolga o'zgartirildi androgin ning ko'rinishi Greys Jons va Devid Boui.[19][21][22] Paddi Edvards Yovanning kuchli slavyancha talaffuziga dublyaj qilib, Gozerning ovozi singari ishonchsiz edi.[1][23]
Suratga olish
Asosiy fotosurat 1983 yil 28 oktyabrda Nyu-York shahrida boshlandi, byudjeti taxminan 25-30 million dollar.[24][7][1] Birinchi kun davomida Reytman Myurreyni ssenariyni o'qigan-bilmaganiga hali ham ishonch hosil qilmay, suratga olish maydoniga olib keldi. Alohida kunda ekipaj shahar atrofida hayajonli joylarda o'z-o'zidan paydo bo'lgan sahnalarni, shu jumladan bitta kadrni suratga olgan holda aylanib o'tdi. Rokfeller markazi aktyorlarni haqiqiy qo'riqchi quvib chiqargan joyda; u filmda ko'rinadi.[7] Markaziy Park G'arbiy qismida sahnaga ism aniqlanmasdan turib, "Ghostbusters" shiori qo'shiqlari yozilgan. Bu qo'shma prodyuser Djo Medjukni ushbu so'zni sarlavha sifatida ishlatish uchun ruxsat olishni talab qilib, studiya bilan bog'lanishni talab qildi.[9] Reitman komediyachilar bilan ishlaganda, u improvizatsiyani rag'batlantirdi, ishlagan aktyor qo'shimchalarini saqlab qolish uchun bir nechta talablarni moslashtirdi, lekin ularni stsenariyga qayta yo'naltirdi.[13]
Nyu-Yorkda joylashgan joyda suratga olish ishlari olti hafta davom etdi va Rojdestvo arafasida yakunlandi.[8] Reitman ular Nyu-Yorkdagi bosqichni dekabrda noqulay ob-havoga duch kelishidan oldin yakunlashlari kerakligini anglab etdilar.[25] O'sha paytda Nyu-York shahrida o'q otishni tanlash xavfli deb hisoblangan. 1980-yillarning boshlarida ko'pchilik shaharni moliyaviy falokat va zo'ravonlik bilan sinonim deb bilar edi va Los-Anjeles ko'ngil ochish sanoatining markazi sifatida ko'rilgan. 2014 yilgi intervyusida Reytman Nyu-Yorkni tanlaganligi uchun aytgan edi, chunki "Men film mening Nyu-York filmim bo'lishini xohlardim".[7]
Bino 55 Markaziy Park G'arbiy Weaver xarakterining uyi va Ghostbusters-ning Gozer bilan bo'lgan iqlimiy jangi o'rnatildi. San'at bo'limi qo'shimcha pollar va bezaklarni qo'shib qo'ydi mot rasmlar, arvohlar faoliyatining markaziy nuqtasini yaratish uchun modellar va raqamli effektlar.[26][27][6] Binoda so'nggi sahnani suratga olish paytida shahar rasmiylari ishlab chiqarish paytida qo'shni ko'chalarni yopishga ruxsat berishdi shoshilinch soat. Bu shaharning katta qismi bo'ylab transport vositalariga ta'sir ko'rsatdi. Grossning ta'kidlashicha, binoning yuqori qismidan boshlab ular trafikka qadar navbatda turgan transport vositalarini ko'rishlari mumkin Bruklin. Har xil nuqtalarda politsiya xodimi buyruqni rad etgan taksichiga qurolini tortdi; shunga o'xshash hodisada boshqa ofitser haydovchini limuzin oynasi orqali tortib oldi. G'azablangan fuqarolar Medjukdan nima suratga olinayotganini so'rashganda, u aybdor deb topdi Frensis Ford Koppola suratga olish Paxta klubi. Aykroyd fantast yozuvchi bilan uchrashdi Ishoq Asimov, u shikoyat qilgan odamni hayratda qoldirdi: "Siz bolalar bu binoga noqulaylik tug'diryapsizlar, bu shunchaki dahshatli; ular bu bilan qanday qutulishganini bilmayman!"[9] To'g'ridan-to'g'ri 55 Central Park West-ning yonida joylashgan Muqaddas Uch Birlik Lyuteran cherkovi, Marshmallow Man tomonidan bosilgan.[27]
Boshqa joylar kiritilgan Nyu-York meriyasi,[27] The Nyu-York ommaviy kutubxonasi, Linkoln nomidagi sahna san'ati markazi, Yashildagi taverna (bu erda Lui iblis iti tomonidan burchak ostida joylashgan), Kolumb doirasi va Firehouse, Hook & Ladder kompaniyasi 8 ichida Tribeca Turar joy dahasi[2] Ghostbusters shtab-kvartirasi sifatida ishlatilgan.[1][28] Kolumbiya universiteti bunga ruxsat berdi Havemeyer zali Universitet nomidan aniqlanmaslik sharti bilan xayoliy Weaver Hall-da qatnashish. The Irving Trast banki Beshinchi avenyuda Aykroydning xarakteri Ghostbusters-ning boshlang'ich pulini berish uchun uchinchi ipoteka kreditini oladigan bank bo'lib xizmat qilgan.[29]
Filmni suratga olish Los-Anjelesga ko'chib o'tdi, Rojdestvo bayramidan keyin va Yangi yil oldidan qayta tiklandi.[8] Nyu-York shahrining sozlanishiga qaramay, aksariyati Arvohlar Los-Anjelesdagi joyda yoki Burbank studiyasida suratga olingan. Joylashuv skautlari Nyu-Yorkda suratga olinayotgan binolarning ichki qismini takrorlashi mumkin bo'lgan binolarni qidirishdi.[25][1] Reitman Hook & Ladder 8 ichki qismidan foydalanishga urinib ko'rdi, ammo uni uzoq vaqt qabul qila olmadi, chunki u faol o't o'chirish punkti edi. O'chirilgan joyning o'rniga ichki yong'in otishmalarining tortishishlari olingan Yong'in uyi № 23 Los-Anjeles markazida. Binoning dizayni Nyu-Yorkda keng tarqalgan bo'lsa-da, Los-Anjelesda kamdan-kam uchraydi. 1915 yildagi 23-sonli Yong'in uyidagi faol ekipajning arxiv fotosurati Ghostbusters ofisi fonida osilgan va filmda paydo bo'lgan.[25]
Film amaliy effektlardan foydalanganligi sababli, ular asosan shaharda yashovchi malakali texniklarga va o'sha paytlarda Nyu-Yorkda bo'lmagan ovozli sahnalarga muhtoj edilar.[25] Filmni suratga olish Nyu-York jamoat kutubxonasining asosiy o'qish zalida bo'lib o'tganda (ular faqat erta suratga olishlari mumkin edi va ertalab soat 10:00 gacha tashqarida bo'lishlari kerak edi),[14] podval kutubxonasi steklari Los-Anjeles markaziy kutubxonasi Reytman aytganidek, ular bir-birining o'rnini bosishi mumkin. Yig'iqlar 1986 yildagi yong'inda vayron bo'lgan va bu joy endi saqlash va jo'natish uchun joy bo'lib xizmat qiladi.[25] The Millennium Biltmore mehmonxonasi xayoliy "Sedgvik" mehmonxonasida o'rnatilgan sahnalarda turdi.[30] Asosiy fotosurat 1984 yil yanvar oyining oxirida, 55 dan 62 kungacha suratga olinganidan so'ng yakunlandi.[8][31]
Post-ishlab chiqarish
Qisqa ishlab chiqarish jadvali va yaqinlashib kelayotgan 1984 yil 8-iyun kuni Reitman filmni suratga olayotganda tahrir qilganligini anglatadi. Faqat bir nechta qabul qilish uchun ko'pincha vaqt bor edi.[8][14] Reitman ba'zida effektlar yuklangan filmni suratga olishda ko'ngilni pir qiladi, chunki maxsus effektlar bo'lishi kerak edi syujetli va oldindan suratga olingan; orqaga qaytish va yangi sahnalarni suratga olish imkoniyati yo'q edi. Gross buni ta'riflaganidek: "Oldindan tahrir qilish kabidir. Bu oldindan tahrirlashga o'xshaydi. Sizda sahna bor, ular ushbu sahnani ma'qullashadi va biz to'qqiz oyni shu kesim bilan o'tkazamiz. Bu erda Hech bir soniya talab qilinmaydi, chiqishlar bo'lmaydi, qamrov yo'q. Siz narsalarni kesishingiz mumkin, lekin siz qo'shishingiz mumkin emas. Bu uni (Reytman) shunchalik cheklab qo'ydiki, uni chindan ham bezovta qildi. "[31]
O'chirilgan sahnalardan biri "Fort Detmerring" da Aykroydning Rey ayolning arvohi bilan jinsiy aloqada bo'lgan qismini o'z ichiga olgan. Ushbu sahna Aykroydga bo'lgan muhabbatni namoyish etish uchun mo'ljallangan edi. Hissiyot bu tezkor suratga olinadigan syujet uchun begona edi, shu sababli, Reytman uning o'rniga filmning o'rtalarida montaj paytida tushlarni ketma-ketligi sifatida ishlatgan.[32] Muharrir Sheldon Kan Reitmanga suratga olish paytida ketma-ketlikdagi oq-qora makaralarni yubordi. Ular unga nafaqat o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirishga ruxsat berishdi, balki u filmni qanday tezlashtirishni tushunishda yordam berishgan deb hisobladilar. Kan filmning birinchi to'liq qismini suratga olish tugagandan uch hafta o'tgach yakunladi.[8]
Musiqa
The Arvohlar Xol tomonidan tuzilgan Elmer Bernshteyn va 72 kishidan iborat Gollivud studiyasi simfoniyasi orkestr at Qishloq yilda G'arbiy Los-Anjeles, Kaliforniya. Uni Bernshteynning o'g'li uyushtirgan Butrus va Devid Nayz.[33][34] Bernshteyn bundan oldin Reitmanning bir nechta filmlarini suratga olgan, shu jumladan Hayvonlar uyi va Köfte. U filmni suratga olish ishlari boshlangunga qadar yoki barcha aktyorlar imzo qo'yilgunga qadar yollangan.[34] Reytman asosli, real hisobni istagan. U biron bir narsa kulgili bo'lganida musiqa tinglovchilarga aytishini xohlamadi.[31] Bernshteyn foydalangan Martenot (samarali ravishda a ga o'xshash klaviatura u erda ) "dahshatli" effekt hosil qilish uchun. Asbobni chalish uchun Bernshteyn Angliyadan musiqachi olib kelishi kerak edi, chunki ondistlar juda kam o'qitilgan edi. U uchta foydalangan Yamaha DX7 sintezatorlar.[34][33] Bernshteynning 1985 yilgi intervyusida tasvirlangan Arvohlar u yozgan eng qiyin bal sifatida. U filmning turli xil kulgili va jiddiy ohanglarini muvozanatlashtirib qo'yishni qiyin deb bildi. U Ghostbusters uchun "chindan ham chiqish yo'lisiz" yoqimli deb ta'riflagan "antik" mavzuni yaratdi. U filmning so'nggi qismlarini "dahshatli va sirli" chiqishini maqsad qilib, osonroq gol urdi.[34]
Erta Reitman va Bernshteyn bu g'oyani muhokama qildilar Arvohlar Bernshteynning asl nusxasida bo'lgani kabi, ma'lum nuqtalarda mashhur musiqa ham bor edi. Bunga Arvohlar Ghostbusters shtab-kvartirasidan ozod qilinganida sahnada o'ynaydigan Mik Smileyning "Sehr" i kiradi. Bernshteynning Ghostbusters uchun asosiy mavzusi keyinchalik almashtirildi Rey Parker Jr. "Arvohlar."[33][34] Bernshteyn ushbu qo'shiqlardan, xususan "Sehr" dan foydalanishni shaxsan yoqtirmasdi, ammo "u [" Ghostbusters ”] kabi narsalar bilan bahslashish juda qiyin, chunki u jadvalning birinchi o'ntaligiga kirganida.[34]
Filmning o'rtasida montaj qilish uchun musiqa kerak edi va "Men yangi dori istayman "tomonidan Xyu Lyuis va yangiliklar tegishli temp tufayli vaqtinchalik to'ldiruvchi sifatida ishlatilgan. Keyinchalik Reytman kichik Parker bilan tanishtirildi, u montajga mos keladigan "Ghostbusters" ni ishlab chiqardi.[9] Taxminan 50 dan 60 gacha turli xil mavzulardagi qo'shiqlar mavjud edi Arvohlar Parker Jr.ning ishtirokidan oldin turli xil rassomlar tomonidan, ammo hech biri mos emas deb topilgan.[35][36] Lyuis film mavzusini yaratish uchun murojaat qilishdi, lekin u allaqachon ishlashga sodiq edi Kelajakka qaytib (1985).[1]
Dizayn
Filmning o'n uch oylik suratga olish jarayonida barcha asosiy maxsus effektlar studiyalari boshqa filmlar ustida ish olib borishdi. Eng kattasi, Sanoat engil va sehr (ILM), buyurtma qilingan Indiana Jons va Qiyomat ibodatxonasi (1984) va Jedining qaytishi (1983). Qolgan studiyalar zarur bo'lgan 630 ta individual effektli kadrlarda ishlash uchun juda kichik edi Arvohlar. Shu bilan birga, maxsus effektlar operatori Richard Edlund ILMni tark etib, o'z biznesini boshlashni rejalashtirgan. Reitman Kolumbiyani hamkorlik qilishga ishontirdi Metro-Goldvin-Mayer (MGM), shuningdek, effektlar studiyasiga muhtoj bo'lib, Edlundga o'z kompaniyasini ochish uchun 5 million dollar ajratishi kerak edi, Boss Film Studios va kerakli jihozlarni sotib oling.[8][7] Edlundning so'zlariga ko'ra, advokatlar shartnomani yakunlash uchun o'rnatish vaqtining ko'p vaqtidan foydalanganlar, effektlar studiyasini qurish, sahnalarni suratga olish va faqat o'n oy qolgan. kompozit tasvirlar.[7] Boss Film Studios jamoasi ishni yakunlash uchun ikkiga bo'lindi Arvohlar va MGM ilmiy-fantastik filmi 2010.[1] 5 million dollarlik effektlar byudjetdan 700 000 dollarga tushdi.[14] Tasvirga olishning qat'iy jadvali, aksariyat effektlar bir marotaba amalga oshirilishini anglatardi.[31] Gross Boss Film Studios-ni yaratishni ham, ko'plab kontseptual rassomlarni, shu jumladan chiziq romanlari rassomlarini yollashni ham nazorat qildi Tanino Liberatore (kimning ishi ishlatilmay qoldi) va Berni Raytton (bir nechta arvohlar dizaynini tasavvur qilishga yordam bergan) va stsenariy rassomi Toms Enriquez, uning dizaynlari "Piyoz boshi sharpa" ga hissa qo'shdi.[15]
Maxluqlarning ta'siri
Edlund ilgari g'ayritabiiy dahshat filmida ishlagan Poltergeist (1982). Bu sharpa dizaynlari uchun mos yozuvlar bo'lib xizmat qildi Arvohlar. Grossning aytishicha, filmning yanada kulgili ohangiga mos kelganda, arvohlarni asl tahdidga aylantirishni muvozanatlash qiyin bo'lgan.[37][38] Maxsus effektlar bo'yicha rassom Stiv Jonson tufayli shinam, shilimshiq, yashil sharpa haykaltaroshlik paytida "Piyoz boshi sharpa" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan. qo'g'irchoq yoqimsiz hid.[11][39] Endi "Slimer" nomi bilan mashhur bo'lgan bu film 1986 yilda filmga chiqqanidan keyingina shunday nomlangan. Haqiqiy arvohlar.[1] Slimer dizayni olti oy davom etdi va ishlab chiqarish uchun taxminan 300 ming dollar sarflandi.[40][39] Jonson mikromoliyalashtirish, doimiy tuzatishlar va har bir detalni qanday o'zgartirish haqida qarama-qarshi yozuvlar orqali ijro etuvchi aralashuvni ayblagan ko'plab o'zgarishlarni boshdan kechirdi. U aytdi: "Dastlab ular" qo'llar bilan tabassum "qilishni so'rashgan, ammo men buni bilmaganimdan oldin ..." unga 13% ko'proq pafos bering, unga quloq soling, quloqlarini oling, kamroq pafos, ko'proq pafos qiling, burnini kattaroq qiling , endi uning burni juda katta, burnini kichraytiring ... Uni karikaturaga aylantiring, karikaturasini kamaytiring. "[39]
Belgilangan muddatidan bir kun oldin, Jonson Aykroydni bilib oldi va Ramis Slimerni Jon Belushining o'xshashiga hurmat qilishni xohlagan edi. Ushbu ma'lumot va Belushi-ning bir nechta fotosuratlari bilan Jonson kamida uch grammni oldi kokain va Belushining ruhi unga dalda berish uchun tashrif buyurganiga ishondi. Aynan shu epizod paytida u filmda paydo bo'lgan so'nggi Slimer dizaynini haykaltarosh qildi.[39] Aykroyd bu belgi Belushi, xususan uning tanasi tomonidan ilhomlanganligini tan oldi.[7] Ramis taqqoslash zararli emasligini aytib, Belushi kofe stolini ag'darib, kitob javonini ag'darib yuborishi mumkin bo'lgan odam ekanligini tushuntirdi.[9] Modelning kattalashishi uchun uchta o'zgaruvchan yuzlari bor edi, miltillovchi kabi kichik xususiyatlar esa kabellar va tayoqchalar tomonidan boshqarilgan. qo'g'irchoqlar. Sedgewick mehmonxonasi bal zalida shift atrofida uchish kabi kamroq animatsion harakatlar uchun kichikroq, tuxum o'lchamidagi modellar ishlab chiqarilgan.[41] To'liq o'lchamdagi Slimer qo'g'irchog'ini kiygan Mark Uilson ijro etdi ko'pikli kauchuk qora fonga suratga olinayotganda spandeks bilan mustahkamlangan kostyum.[1][40] Uilsonning harakati qo'g'irchoq kabellari bilan cheklangani sababli, harakatni simulyatsiya qilish uchun kamera uning atrofida harakatga keltirildi.[42]
Aykroyd viking deb nomlangan do'stiga zefir odamini loyihalashtirishni topshirdi va unga kombinatsiyani so'radi. Mishel odam va Pillsbury Doughboy dengizchi shlyapasida.[9] Marshmallow Man uydirma va uning yurishini modellashtirgan aktyor va maxsus effektlar rassomi Bill Bryan tomonidan tasvirlangan Godzilla. Ko'pikli o'n sakkizta kostyum bor edi, ularning har biri 25000 dan 30000 dollargacha bo'lgan; kaskadyor Tommi Sezar tomonidan kiyilgan o'n ettitasi suratga olish jarayonida yoqib yuborilgan. [43][14] Bryan ko'pikning toksikligi sababli alohida havo ta'minotidan foydalanishga majbur bo'ldi. Kabel mexanizmlari tomonidan boshqariladigan turli xil ifodalar va harakatlar bilan ko'pik va shisha toladan qurilgan kostyum uchun uch xil bosh bor edi. Effektni tugatish uchun kostyum shkalali modellarga qarshi suratga olingan. Effektlar guruhi to'g'ri o'lchamdagi politsiya mashinasining faqat bitta modelini topishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. Ular bir nechta sotib oldilar va ularni turli xil transport vositalarini namoyish qilish uchun o'zgartirdilar. Masofadan boshqariladigan mashina urib yuborgan portlash gidrantidan chiqqan suv aslida qum edi, chunki suv pasayib ketmadi.[14][44][45] Vayron bo'lgandan keyin olomon ustiga yomg'ir yog'adigan "marshmallow" sochlar uchun krem edi. Atherton mo'ljallangan 68 funt soqol kremini ko'rgach, uni sinab ko'rishni talab qildi. Og'irligi kaskadyorni yiqitdi va natijada ular atigi 75 kilogramm (34 kg) ni ishlatishdi. Krem bir necha soat suratga olinganidan keyin terini tirnash xususiyati beruvchi rolini bajarib, quyma toshmalar paydo bo'ldi.[9]
Jonson shuningdek, Zombie Cab Driver qo'g'irchog'ini haykaltaroshlik qildi.[42] Zombie Cab Driver Nyu-York shahrida joylashgan joyda faqat bitta qo'g'irchoq otilgan. Jonson buni o'zi yaratgan jasadning reanimatsiyalangan qo'g'irchog'iga asoslangan Londondagi amerikalik bo'ri (1981).[42] Jonson va Uilson kutubxona arvohi bilan hamkorlik qilib, boshni, qo'llarni harakatga keltirish va gavdadan hayajonli arvohga aylantirish uchun rezina terini tanadan tortib olish kabi jihatlarni boshqaradigan tanadan o'tib ketadigan o'nlab kabellar orqali qo'g'irchoq yaratdilar. .[46] Original Library Ghost qo'g'irchog'i kichik tomoshabinlar uchun juda qo'rqinchli deb hisoblangan va ulardan foydalanish uchun qayta ishlatilgan Qo'rqinchli tun (1985).[4] The Kutubxona katalogi sahna uch marotaba jonli ravishda amalga oshirildi, ekipaj kartalarni havoga uchirish uchun mis quvurlari orqali havo pufladi. Bularni har bir olish uchun yig'ish va yig'ish kerak edi. Reitman kutubxonachiga va uning atrofida uchib yuradigan kartalarga va kengroq tortishishlarga e'tibor qaratish uchun ko'p kamerali sozlamalardan foydalangan.[8][14] Suzuvchi kitoblar oddiygina iplarga osib qo'yilgan.[14]
Rendi Kuk chorak miqyosni yaratish uchun javobgar edi to'xtash harakati Gozerning Zul va Vinz minionlari qo'g'irchoqlari, Terror itlari. Model og'ir va noqulay edi. Lui Tulli ko'chasini ta'qib qilgan sahna uchun 30 metrlik sahnada harakatlanayotganini suratga olish uchun o'ttiz soat davom etdi.[46] For the scene where Dana is pinned to her chair by demonic hands before a doorway beaming with light, Reitman said he was influenced by Uchinchi turdagi uchrashuvlarni yoping (1977). A rubber door was used to allow distortion as if something was trying to come through it, while ushlagichlar concealed in a trapdoor beneath the chair, burst through it while wearing demonic dog-leg gloves.[14] Made before the advent of CGI, any non-puppet ghosts had to be animated. It took up to three weeks to create a second of footage.[14] For Gozer, Slavitza Jovan wore red contacts that caused her a great deal of pain; she wore a harness to move around the set.[6]
Texnologiya va uskunalar
Hardware consultant Stephen Dane was responsible for designing most of the Ghostbusters' iconic equipment, including the "proton packs" used to wrangle ghosts, ghost traps, and their vehicle, the Ectomobile. The equipment had to be designed and built in the six weeks before filming began in September 1983.[47][24] Inspired by a military issue otashin, the "proton packs" consisted of a handheld proton stream firing "neutrino wand" connected by a hose to a backpack said to contain a nuclear accelerator.[12][48] Dane said that he "went home and got foam pieces and just threw a bunch of stuff together to get the look. It was highly machined but it had to look off-the-shelf and military surplus."[49]
Following Reitman's tweaks to the design, on-screen models were made from a fiberglass shell with an aluminum backplate bolted to a United States Army backpack frame.[48] Each pack weighed about 30 pounds (14 kg) with the batteries for lighting installed, and strained the actors' backs during the long shoots.[49][14] Two lighter versions were made, a hollow one with surface details for wide shots, and a foam rubber version for action scenes.[48][14] The fiberglass props were created by special effects supervisor Chuck Gaspar, based on Dane's design. Gaspar used rubber molds to create identical fiberglass shells[49] The neutrino wand had a flashbulb at the tip, giving animators an original point for the proton streams.[14] The production used fake walls laced with pyrotechnics to practically create the damage of the Ghostbusters proton packs.[25] The PKE meter prop was built using an Iona SP-1 handheld shoe polisher as a base, to which lights and electronics were affixed.[50] The technology was designed not to be overly fancy or sleek, emphasizing the characters' scientific backgrounds combined with the homemade nature of their equipment.[25]
The Ectomobile, was in the first draft of Aykroyd's script, and he and John Daveikis developed some early concepts for the car. Dane developed fully detailed drawings for the interior and exterior and supervised the transformation of the 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor ambulance conversion into the Ectomobile.[51] According to Akyroyd, the actual vehicle was "an ambulance that we converted to a hearse and then converted to an ambulance."[52] Early concepts featured a black car with purple and white strobe lights giving it a supernatural glow, but this idea was scrapped after cinematographer Laslo Kovach noted that dark paint would not film well at night. It also had fantastic features such as the ability to dematerialize and travel inter-dimensionally. Two vehicles were purchased, one for the pre-modification scenes.[51] Dane designed its high-tech roof array with objects including a directional antenna, an air-conditioning unit, storage boxes and a radom.[53] Because of its size, the roof rack was shipped to Manhattan on an airplane, while the car was transported to the East Coast by train.[24] Ovoz dizayneri Richard Beggs created the distinctive siren from a recording of a leopard snarl, cut and played backward.[53]
Sets and logo
In the script, Aykroyd described the Ghostbusters clothing and vehicle as bearing a Belgi yo'q with a ghost trapped in it, again crediting his friend the Viking with the original concept.[54][55] The final design fell to Michael C. Gross, who had volunteered to serve as badiiy rahbar film uchun. As the logo would be required for props and sets, it needed to be finalized quickly, and Gross worked with Boss Film artist Brent Boates who was also working as a creature design consultant for the film. Boates drew the final concept, and R / GA animated the logo for the film's opening. According to Gross, two versions of the logo exist, with one having "ghostbusters" written across the diagonal part of the sign. Gross did not like how it looked and flipped the diagonal bar to read top left to bottom right instead, but they later removed the wording. According to Gross, this is the correct version of the sign that was used throughout Europe. The bottom left to top right version was used in the United States as that was the design of the No symbol there.[54]
Medjuck also hired John DeCuir kabi ishlab chiqarish bo'yicha dizayner.[13] The script did not specify where Gozer would appear, and DeCuir painted the top of Dana's building with large, crystal doors that opened as written in the script.[13] The fictional rooftop of 55 Central Park West was constructed at Stage 12 on the Burbank Studios lot. It was one of the largest constructed sets in film history and was surrounded by a 360-degree siklorama rasm. The lighting used throughout the painting consumed enough power the rest of the studio had to be shut down, and an additional four generators added, when it was in use.[8][25][56] Small models such as planes were hung on string to animate the backdrop.[8] The set was built three stories off the ground to allow for filming from low angles.[14]
The first three floors and street-front of Dana's building were recreated as sets for filming, including the climactic earthquake scene where hydraulics were used to raise broken parts of the street.[6][57] Broken pieces of pavement and the road were positioned outside the real location to create a seamless transition between the two shots.[25] DeCuir said: "They had one night to dress the street. When people went home early in the evening everything was normal, and when the little old ladies came out to walk their dogs in the morning, the whole street had erupted. Apparently, people complained to the New York Police Department and their switchboard lit up."[58] For the scene where Dana's apartment explodes outwards, Weaver stood on set as the explosion happened.[14] Similarly, the scene of Weaver rotating in the air was done on set using a body-cast and mechanical arm concealed in the curtains, a trick Reitman learned working with magician Dag Xenning.[6]
Chiqarish
The film was first screened for auditoriyani sinab ko'ring on February 3, 1984, with unfinished effects shots to determine if the comedy worked. Even at this point, Reitman was still concerned audiences would not react well to the Marshmallow Man because of its deviation from the realism of the rest of the film.[13] Reitman recalled that approximately 200 people were recruited off the streets to view the film in a theater on the Burbank lot. It was during the opening librarian scene that Reitman knew the film worked. Audiences reacted with fear, laughs, and applause as the Librarian Ghost transformed from a lady into a monster.[13] The fateful Marshmallow Scene was met with a similar reaction, and Reitman knew he would not have to reshoot any scenes.[8][13] The screening for fellow industry members fared less well. Price recalled laughing as the rest of the audience sat deadpan, rationalizing that an industry audience wants failure. Murray and Aykroyd's then-agent Maykl Ovits recalled an executive telling him, "Don’t worry: we all make mistakes," while Roberto Gizueta, keyin-rais of Columbia's parent, Coca-Cola kompaniyasi, said: "Gee, we're going to lose our shirts."[7][59]
In the months before its debut, a teaser trailer was released focused on the "No ghosts" logo, helping the icon to become recognizable far in advance, and generating interest in the film without mentioning its title or its stars.[60][1] A separate theatrical trailer for the film contained a functional bepul telefon raqami with a message by Murray and Aykroyd waiting for the 1,000 callers per hour it received over a six-week period.[11] They also appeared in a video for ShoWest, a theater-owner convention, to promote the film.[61] Columbia spent approximately $10 million on marketing, including $2.25 million on prints, $1 million on promotional materials, and $7 million on advertising and miscellaneous costs including a $150,000 premiere for a hospital and the hotel costs for the press.[62] Including the budget and marketing costs, it was estimated that the film would have to make at least $80 million to turn a profit.[37]
Teatr kassasi
The premyera ning Arvohlar took place on June 7, 1984, at the Avco Cinema in Vestvud, Kaliforniya.[63] The film received a wide release on June 8, 1984, in 1,339 theaters. During its opening weekend in North America, the film earned $13.6 million—an average of $10,040 per theater. It finished as the number one film of the weekend, ahead of horror-comedy Gremlinlar ($12.5 million), released the same weekend, and the action-adventure film Indiana Jons va Qiyomat ibodatxonasi ($12 million), which was in its third week of release.[64][65] The gross increased to $23.1 million during its first week, proving a hit for the studio, which had not had one since 1982's Tootie (in which Murray also appeared).[66] It broke the studio's own record at the time set by Tootie.[59][67][1] The film remained number one for seven consecutive weeks, grossing $146.5 million, before being ousted by musician Shahzoda film Binafsha yomg'ir avgust oyining boshlarida. It became the second highest-grossing film of the year behind Indiana Jons va Qiyomat ibodatxonasi.[68][69][70]
The film briefly regained the number one spot the following week before spending the next five weeks at number two, initially behind Qizil Dawn and then the thriller Troprop.[71][72][73] It was again the number one film for one week in mid-September and ultimately remained one of the top three grossing films for sixteen straight weeks. It began a gradual decline and fell from the list of the top ten grossing films by late October. It left cinemas in early January 1985 after thirty weeks.[67][74] Arvohlar had quickly become a hit, surpassing Indiana Jons va Qiyomat ibodatxonasi as the top-grossing film of that summer. By the time it left cinemas it had earned $229.2 million, making it the second highest-grossing film of 1984, about $5 million behind Eddie Murphy's action-comedy Beverli-Xillz politsiyasi ($234.8 million) which released in mid-December.[75][13] Its box office gross made it the highest-grossing comedy film of its time, replacing Hayvonlar uyi, a title it held for six months before being replaced by Beverli-Xillz politsiyasi.[8][75][74]
Columbia had negotiated 50% of the box-office revenues or 90% of gross after expenses, depending on whichever was higher. Since the latter was the case, the studio received a 73% share of the box office profit, an estimated $128 million.[62] The main cast members each received percentages of the gross profits or net participation of the film.[1] While figures do not exist for all involved, a 1987 report estimated that Murray alone had earned between $20–$30 million from his share.[76] Detailed box office figures are not available for territories outside North America, but it is estimated to have earned approximately $53 million, bringing Arvohlar' worldwide total to $282.2 million.[64] That year saw the release of several films that would later be considered iconic of the era, including: Gremlinlar, Karate Kid, Terminator, Elm ko'chasidagi kabus, Toshni romantikalash va NeverEnding hikoyasi. This was the first time in box office history that four films, including Arvohlar, grossed over $100 million.[77]
Arvohlar was re-released in North America in August 1985, earning a further $9.4 million over five weeks, raising the film's theatrical gross to $238.6 million,[78][79] engib o'tish Beverli-Xillz politsiyasi to become the most successful comedy of the 1980s.[75] A restored and remastered version of the film was released to celebrate Arvohlar' 30th anniversary, playing for three weeks beginning in August 2014, at 700 cinemas across North America. The film grossed an additional $3.5 million, bringing the theatrical total to $242.2 million.[80][81] The film has also received very limited re-releases for special events and anniversaries.[82][83] Combined with available figures for territories outside of North America, the film has earned an estimated $295.2 million worldwide.[64] Adjusted for inflation, its North American lifetime total is $576 million. According to box office tracker Box Office Mojo 's own calculations, based on estimated admissions and average ticket prices in 2019, Arvohlar has sold the equivalent of $641.2 million worth of tickets, making it one of the highest-grossing films of all time.[84]
Qabul qilish
Tanqidiy javob
Arvohlar opened to generally positive reviews.[1][85] Rojer Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, citing it as a rare example of successfully combining a special effects blockbuster with "sly" dialogue. Ebert noted the effects existed to serve the actors' performances and not the reverse, saying it is "an exception to the general rule that big special effects can wreck a comedy." U shuningdek keltirilgan Arvohlar as a rare mainstream film with many quotable lines.[86] Gen Siskel enjoyed the characters interacting with each other and praised Murray's performance in particular, saying his comedic sensibilities compensated for "boring special effects". He was critical of Hudson's late addition to the plot as Winston Zeddemore and the character's lack of development, saying it makes "him appear as only a token box office lure."[87]
Richard Shikel similarly praised Murray, and the grace of Aykroyd and Ramis in allowing Murray to outshine them. Schickel considered Murray's character Peter Venkman a "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to develop fully his patented comic character." He said the effects appear somewhat "tacky" and serve as a comic commentary on ghost films. Ultimately he believed praise was due to all involved for "thinking on a grandly comic scale."[88][89] Deyv Kehr countered that Aykroyd and Ramis were "curiously underutilized," but appreciated Murray's o'lik line readings. Kehr said Reitman is adept at improvisational comedy, but lost control of the film as the special effects gradually escalated.[90]
Artur Nayt appreciated the relaxed style of comedy saying while the plot is "primitive," it has far more style and finesse than would be expected of the creative team behind Köfte va Hayvonlar uyi. He singled out editors Sheldon Kahn and Devid Blevitt for creating a sustained pace of comedy and action.[91] Despite "bathroom humor and tacky sight gags" Piter Travers dedi Arvohlar was "irresistible nonsense," comparing the film to the supernatural horror film Exorcist, but with the comedy duo Abbott and Costello starring. Travers appreciated how Murray, Aykroyd, and Ramis worked together.[92]
Joseph Gelmis described the Ghostbusters as an adolescent fantasy, comparing their firehouse base to the Batkave bilan Yong'in qutbining ustuni and an Ectomobile on the ground floor. He said the film works as a collaborative effort by the three main Ghostbusters, particularly Murray, who dismisses the serious situations to keep them comedic.[93] Deseret yangiliklari' Christopher Hicks praised Reitman's improved directing skills, and the crew for avoiding the vulgarity found in their previous films, Caddyshack va Chiziqlar. He felt they reached for more creative humor and genuine thrills instead. Hicks singled out Murray saying he "has never been better than he is here." He noted that Murray, Ramis and Aykroyd "wanted to be like the Marx brothers of the 80s." He complained about the finale, claiming it lost its sense of fun and was "overblown," but found the film compensated for this, since it "has ghosts like you've never seen".[94]
Keyinchalik muhim bir eslatma bo'yicha, Janet Maslin said that Murray's talents were in service to a film lacking wit or coherence. She noted many of the characters had little to do, leaving their stories unresolved as the plot began to give way to servicing the special effects instead. For Maslin, Arvohlar worked during the small ghost-catching scenes, but was out of hand during the apocalyptic finale. However, she did praise Weaver's performance as an "excellent foil" for Murray.[95] Turli xillik dedi Arvohlar mistakenly had top comedians but often had them working alone, calling it a "lavishly produced" film that is only periodically impressive. Turli xillik also singled out Murray for his "endearing" physical comedy and ad-libbing.[96] Newsweek's Devid Ansen enjoyed the film, describing it as a teamwork project where everyone works "toward the same goal of relaxed insanity"; he called the film "wonderful summer nonsense".[97] Pauline Kael had problems with the chemistry among the three lead actors. She praised Murray, but felt that other actors did not have much material to contribute to the story; she concluded, "Murray's lines fall on dead air."[98]
Taqdirlar
Arvohlar ikki nomzodga nomzod bo'lgan Academy Awards in 1985: Eng yaxshi original qo'shiq for "Ghostbusters" by Ray Parker Jr. (losing to Stivi Uonder "Men seni sevaman deb shunchaki qo'ng'iroq qildim "dan Qizil rangdagi ayol ) va Eng yaxshi vizual effektlar uchun Jon Bruno, Richard Edlund, Chuck Gaspar and Mark Vargo (yutqazish Indiana Jons va Qiyomat ibodatxonasi).[12][99]
That same year, the film was nominated for three Oltin globus mukofotlari: Eng yaxshi kinofilm - Musiqali yoki komediya (yutqazish Toshni romantikalash),[100] Eng yaxshi aktyor - Musiqali yoki komediya for Murray (losing to Dadli Mur yilda Mikki va Mod ),[101] va Eng yaxshi original qo'shiq for Parker Jr., (losing again to "I Just Called to Say I Love You").[102] "Ghostbusters" went on to win the BAFTA mukofoti for Best Original Song, and Edlund was nominated for Special Visual Effects (losing again to Indiana Jons va Qiyomat ibodatxonasi).[103] Bu g'alaba qozondi Eng yaxshi fantastik film da 12-Saturn mukofotlari.[104]
Post-reliz
Natijada
Ray Parker, Jr.'s "Ghostbusters" reached number one on the Billboard Issiq 100 chart on August 11, 1984, two months after the film's release, and remained there for three weeks. It spent a total of 21 weeks on the charts.[35][105] The theme is estimated to have added $20 million to the film's box office gross.[106] Directed by Reitman, the "Ghostbusters" music video was number one on MTV, and features cameos by celebrities Chevy Chase, Irene Cara, John Candy, Melissa Gilbert, Ollie E. Braun, Jeffri Tambor, Jorj Vendt, Al Franken, Danny DeVito, Karli Simon, Piter Falk va Teri Garr. None of the actors were paid for participating, but did so as a favor to Reitman.[1][35][36] Shortly after the film's release, Huey Lewis sued Ray Parker Jr, for plagiarism, alleging he had copied the melody (primarily the bassline) from Lewis' 1983 song "I Want a New Drug".[1][36] The case was settled out of court in 1985 for an undisclosed sum and a confidentiality agreement that prohibited discussing the case. According to Parker, Jr. there were several lawsuits at the time, because "when you sell that many records, I think everybody wants to say that they wrote the song."[36][9] Parker, Jr. later sued Lewis for breaching the confidentiality agreement in a 2001 episode of VH1 "s Musiqa orqasida, where he reasserted that Parker, Jr. stole the song. Regarding his case against Lewis, Parker, Jr. said, "I got a lot of money out of that."[36] In 1984, the filmmakers were also sued by the makers of Do'stona sharpa Kasper for $50 million and the destruction of the film. They alleged the Ghostbusters logo was based on their character Fatso. The case was decided in Columbia's favor.[107][108]
Murray left acting for four years following the release of Arvohlar. He described the film's success as a phenomenon that would forever be his biggest accomplishment and, compounded by the failure of his personal project Jiletning qirrasi, he felt "radioactive". Aside from a bit-part in Kichkina dahshatlar do'koni, Murray chose to avoid making movies until 1988 when he appeared in the Christmas comedy film Scrooged.[109][110] Murray was paid $6 million to star in it; his multi-year absence had increased his audience draw and his fee. Art Linson said that aside from Eddie Murphy, Murray's was the only other name that could sell $10 million worth of tickets in the opening three to four days.[111] Scrooged even traded on Arvohlar' popularity in its marketing, using the tagline that Murray was "back among the ghosts".[55] In a 1989 interview, Reitman said he was upset at the "little respect" he felt Arvohlar received and that his work was not taken seriously, believing many dismissed it as just "another action-comedy".[110]
Hudson for his part looked on the film fondly and with lament. He regretted the marginalization of his character from the original script, as many of Winston's major scenes were passed to Murray. He felt Arvohlar did not improve his career as he had hoped, or been promised, and in some cases, it had cost him roles. Hudson turned to television after Arvohlar appearing in several shows. He considered his experience had taught him how to adjust when things did not go his way. In a 2014 interview, Hudson said: "I love the character and he's got some great lines, but I felt the guy was just kind of there. I love the movie, I love the guys. I’m very thankful to Ivan for casting me. I’m very thankful that fans appreciate the Winston character. But it’s always been very frustrating—kind of a love/hate thing, I guess."[16] As for Atherton, based on Murray's ad-libbed insult of "dickless", he claimed that even in the mid-1990s, fans would still refer to him as such on the streets to his ire.[19][6]
Tematik tahlil
Arvohlar has been analyzed as an era-appropriate example of Republican or Libertarian ideology, in particular Reagan era economics popularized by then United States President Ronald Reygan. Reaganomics focused on limited government spending and regulation in favor of a erkin bozor tomonidan taqdim etilgan xususiy sektor of entrepreneurship, profit motives, and individual initiative.[112][113][114]
Analysts point to the film's premise of a small private business obstructed by an arrogant, incompetent bureaucrat (Walter Peck) from a government agency (the Environmental Protection Agency). It is because of this interference that the Ghostbusters' ghost containment unit is compromised, unleashing spirits upon the city and triggering Gozer's arrival.[112][113] Indeed, when Peck arrives to shutter the Ghostbusters, Egon affirms "this is private property".[114] In this sense, it is Peck, not Gozer, who represents the film's true villain.[113][114] Others note that after losing their jobs at the university, Aykroyd's character is upset because their public sector funding required little of them. He had worked in the private sector where, "They expect results."[114]
The Washington Examiner notes that it is the private sector that arrives to combat the increasing supernatural activity in New York, for a fee, while the government is incapable of doing anything.[114] Sifatida Vox notes, the mayor, a government representative, is motivated to release the Ghostbusters to defeat the godly threat after being reminded that their success will save the lives of "millions of registered voters", a cynical view of an official who is motivated mainly by what will allow him to retain his position.[112] Both Aykroyd and Reitman have confirmed these are intentional allusions. Reitman, in particular, considers himself a "conservative-slash-libertarian".[114][115]
Uy ommaviy axborot vositalari
Arvohlar kuni ozod qilindi VHS in October 1985, in competition with the home release of Beverli-Xillz politsiyasi. Paramount had scheduled the film for release the day before Arvohlar. In response, Columbia moved Arvohlar' release a week earlier. Removed from direct competition, it was predicted to sell well, though it was expected the equally popular Beverli-Xillz politsiyasi would do better, given its $29.95 price compared to Arvohlar $79.95. Columbia developed a $1 million ad campaign to promote the VHS release.[116] It was the tenth bestselling VHS during its launch week. The purchase of rights to manufacture and sell cassettes was estimated to have made a further $20 million for Columbia.[117][118] A then-record 410,000 initial VHS units of the film were ordered (exceeded a few months later by Rambo: Birinchi qon II qism's 425,000 unit order). By February 1986, it was estimated to have sold 400,000 copies and earned $32 million in revenue, making it the third best-selling VHS of 1985, after Star Trek III: Spokni qidirish (425,000 units, $12.7 million) and Beverli-Xillz politsiyasi (1.4 million units sold, $41.9 million).[119]
The film was released in 1989 on LaserDisc, a format then experiencing a resurgence in popularity. Arvohlar was released as a one-disc CLV version, and a two-disc maxsus nashr CAV xususiyatli versiya o'chirilgan sahnalar, a split-screen demonstration of the film's effects, the screenplay, and other special features. In a 1999 interview for the first DVD release of the film, Reitman admitted that he had not been involved in the LaserDisc version and had been embarrassed by the visual changes that "pumped up the light level so much you saw all the mot lines", highlighting flaws in the special effects.[120][121][122] Arvohlar was also the first full-length film to be released on a USB Flash Drive qachon PNY Technologies did so in 2008.[123]
Blu-ray disc editions were released to celebrate the film's 25th, 30th, and 35th anniversaries in 2009, 2014, and 2019 respectively. They featured remastered 4K piksellar sonini video quality, deleted scenes, alternate takes, fan interviews and commentaries by crewmembers and actors including Aykroyd, Ramis, Reitman, and Medjuck. The 35th-anniversary version came in a limited edition steel book cover and contained unseen footage including the deleted "Fort Detmerring" scene.[124][125][126] Parker Jr.'s "Ghostbusters" received special edition vinyl record releases, one as a glow in the dark record—the other a white record presented in a marshmallow-scented jacket.[127][128] A remaster of Bernstein's score was also released in June 2019, on CD, digital, and vinyl formats. It includes four unreleased tracks, and commentary by Bernstein's son Peter.[129]
Meros
Chiqarilgandan so'ng Arvohlar was considered a phenomenon and highly influential. The Arvohlar's theme song was a hit, and Halloween of 1984 was dominated by children dressed as Ghostbusters.[130][7][131] Bu birinchilardan biri hisoblanadi blokbasterlar and is credited with refining the term to effectively create a new genre that mixed comedy, science fiction, horror, and thrills. Arvohlar also confirmed that the merchandising success of Yulduzlar jangi (1977) was not a fluke. A successful, recognizable brand could be used to launch spin-offs, helping establish a business model in the film industry that has since become the status quo. Bir marta Arvohlar' popularity was clear, the studio aggressively cultivated its profile, translating it into merchandising and other media such as television, extending its profitable lifetime long after the film had left theaters.[130]
Entertainment industry observers credit Arvohlar va Saturday Night Live with reversing the industry's negative perception of New York City in the early 1980s.[7][132] Weaver said: "I think it was a love letter to New York and New Yorkers. Central Park West, and Tavern on the Green, and the horses in the park, and the doorman saying, 'Someone brought a cougar to a party'—that's so New York. When we come down covered with marshmallow, and there are these crowds of New Yorkers of all types and descriptions cheering for us as a New York—it was one of the most moving things I can remember."[58][60] It is similarly credited with helping diminish the divide between television and film actors. Talent agent Michael Ovitz said before Arvohlar television actors were never considered for anything but minor roles in film.[7][132]
Zamonaviy ziyofat
Arvohlar's positive reception has lasted well beyond its release, and it is considered one of the most important comedy films ever made.[133] On its 30th anniversary in 2014, Hollywood Reporter's entertainment industry-voted ranking named it the seventy-seventh best film of all time.[134] O'sha yili, Taym-aut; turib qolish; tanaffus baholangan Arvohlar five out of five, praising Reitman's direction, Murray's performance, the script, the special effects, and the soundtrack, describing the film as a "cavalcade of pure joy".[135] It is listed in the film reference book Siz o'limdan oldin ko'rishingiz kerak bo'lgan 1001 film, which says:
Big-budget special effects and comedy are cleverly interwoven in this fantasy adventure ... it is Murray’s Dr. Peter Venkman, with his character’s sleazy charm and cockiness, who steals every scene ... and that is an impressive achievement indeed when you consider that his special effects costars include a gigantic, stampeding marshmallow man intent on reducing Manhattan to a pile of sugary rubble that would steal the movie away from a less skilled comic talent.[136]
Imperiya's reader-voted list of the 100 Greatest Movies placed the film as number 68.[137] 2014 yilda, Rolling Stone o'quvchilar ovoz berishdi Arvohlar the ninth greatest film of the 1980s.[138]
Arvohlar is considered one of the best films of the 1980s, appearing on several lists based on this metric, including: number two by Film.com,[139] number five by Taym-aut; turib qolish; tanaffus,[140] number six by Qisqa ro'yxat,[141] 15 raqami Kompleks,[142] and number 31 by Imperiya.[143] It was unranked by Filmsite.[144] The film also appeared on several media outlets' best comedy film lists—ranked number one by Ko'ngilochar haftalik,[145] number four by IGN,[146] number 10 by Imperiya,[147] number 25 by Daily Telegraph,[148] and number 45 by Rotten Tomatoes.[149] Rotten Tomatoes also listed the film number 71 on its list of 200 essential movies to watch.[150] Others have named it one of the best science-fiction films,[151] best science-fiction comedies,[152] and best Summer Blockbusters.[74][153] Murray's Peter Venkman appeared at number 44 kuni Imperiya's 2006 list of its '100 Greatest Movie Characters'.[154]
2001 yilda Amerika kino instituti tartiblangan Arvohlar number 28 on its 100 yil ... 100 ta kulgi list recognizing the best comedy films.[155] 2009 yilda, Milliy sharh tartiblangan Arvohlar number 10 on its list of the 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years list, noting the "regulation-happy" Environmental Protection Agency is portrayed as the villain and it is the private sector that saves the day.[156] In November 2015, the film's screenplay was listed number 14 on the Amerika Yozuvchilar uyushmasi 's 101 Funniest Screenplays.[157] 2017 yilda BBC polled 253 critics (118 female, 135 male) from across 52 countries on the funniest film made. Arvohlar came ninety-fifth.[158] Contemporary review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes offers a 97% approval rating from 72 critics—an average rating of 8.14/10, which provides the consensus, "an infectiously fun blend of special effects and comedy, with Bill Murray's hilarious deadpan performance leading a cast of great comic turns".[159] Shuningdek, film 100 dan 71 ballga ega Metakritik based on eight critical reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[160]
Madaniy ta'sir
Arvohlar had a significant impact on popular culture and is considered a highly influential film, credited with inventing the special-effects driven comedy.[130][161][7][60] Its basic premise of a particular genre mixed with comedy, and a team combating an otherworldly threat has been replicated with varying degrees of success in films like Qora kiyimdagi erkaklar (1997), Evolyutsiya (2001), Soat (2012), R.I.P.D. (2013) va Piksellar (2015).[55][162][163] 2015 yilda Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongress kutubxonasi ichida saqlash uchun filmni tanladi Milliy filmlar registri, uni "madaniy, tarixiy yoki estetik jihatdan ahamiyatli" deb topish. Reitman responded: "It’s an honor to know that a movie that begins with a ghost in a library now has a spot on the shelves of the Library of Congress."[164]
1984 yilda Arvohlar phenomenon was referenced across dozens of advertisements for everything from airlines to dentistry and real estate. The "-busters" suffix became a common term used at both local and national stages, being applied to topics like the United States national budget ("budgetbusters"), agriculture ("cropbusters"), B-52s ("nukebusters") sanitation ("litterbusters"), or Pan American Airlines ("pricebusters"). Similarly, the "no ghosts" logo was modified to protest political candidates like Ronald Reagan and Valter Mondale ga Mikki Sichqoncha by striking Disney ishchilar.[165] Other contributions to the cultural lexicon included "Who ya gonna call" from Parker Jr's "Ghostbusters",[36] and Murray's adlib of "this chick is toast" against Gozer to imply that she was finished or doomed over the scripted line of "I'm gonna turn this guy into toast". This is thought to be the first historical usage of "toast" as a slang term.[166]
Arvohlar quickly developed a dedicated fan following that has continued to thrive in the years since.[133] Despite its mainstream success, it is considered an example of a cult blockbuster —a popular film with a dedicated fanbase.[167][168][52] It is popular globally, inspiring fan clubs, fan-made films,[169] san'at,[170] and conventions.[171] Fans dressed as Ghostbusters occasionally burst into the main reading room of the New York Public Library.[7] 2016 yil kraudfand hujjatli Arvohlar follows various fans of the series and details the impact it has had on their lives, interspersed with interviews from crew including Aykroyd, Reitman, and Weaver.[172][173] Memorabilia from the film is popular, with a screen-used Proton Pack selling for $169,000 at a 2012 auction.[174] In 2017, a newly discovered ankilozavr fossil was named Zuul crurivastator after Gozer's minion.[175][176]
Describing why Arvohlar' popularity has endured, Reitman said "kids are all worried about death and... ghost-like things. By watching Arvohlar, there’s a sense that you can control this, that you can mitigate it somehow and it doesn’t have to be that frightening. It became this movie that parents liked to bring their kids to — they could appreciate it on different levels but still watch it together."[13]
Arvohlar was turned into a special-effects laden stage show at Universal studiyasi, Florida, that ran from 1990 to 1996, based mainly on the film's final battle with Gozer. 2019 yil Halloween dahshatli kechalari voqea Universal studiyalari Gollivud and Universal Studios Florida will host a haunted maze attraction featuring locations, characters, and ghosts from the film.[177][161] Filmga turli xil ommaviy axborot vositalarida, shu jumladan filmga havola qilingan (Kasper (unda Aykroyd Ghostbuster sifatida qatnashgan),[178] Zombieland,[179] Ex Machina,[36] va Birinchisi tayyor ),[180] televizor (Begona narsalar ),[181] va video o'yinlar (Family Guy: narsalar izlash[182] va Planet Coaster ).[183] Filmning yopilishidagi tantanali parad 2012 yilgi superqahramon filmining yakunlanishiga ilhom berdi Qasoskorlar, shu nomdagi jamoaning g'alabasini butun dunyo nishonlayotganini namoyish etadi.[184]
Mahsulotlar
Film uchun tovar ishlab chiqarish o'sha paytlarda hali ham yangi amaliyot edi Arvohlar' ozod qilish, va u faqat muvaffaqiyat quyidagi edi Yulduzlar jangi boshqa studiyalar bu g'oyani takrorlashga urinishgan (1989 yilga kelib 2,6 milliard dollar ishlab topgan) tovar.[185] Kutilmagan muvaffaqiyati Arvohlar shuni anglatadiki, Kolumbiya o'zining mashhurligining eng yuqori cho'qqisida filmdan to'liq foydalanish uchun keng qamrovli savdo rejasiga ega emas edi.[186] Biroq, ular turli xil mahsulotlarga mashhur "arvohlarsiz" logotipini qo'llash orqali qo'shimcha daromad olish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lishdi.[130] Savdo muvaffaqiyatining katta qismi 1986 yilgi animatsion spin-offning keyingi muvaffaqiyati asosida boshqa kompaniyalarga bo'lgan huquqlarni litsenziyalashdan olingan. Haqiqiy arvohlar.[186] Darhaqiqat, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri filmga asoslangan tovarlar dastlab qadar yaxshi sotilmadi Haqiqiy arvohlar, bu o'z-o'zidan 1988 yilda 200 million dollargacha daromad olishga yordam berdi, o'sha yili Ghostbusters proton to'plami Buyuk Britaniyadagi eng mashhur o'yinchoq edi.[187][185] A shu nomdagi video o'yin film bilan birga chiqarildi va muvaffaqiyatli deb topildi.[188] Shuningdek, film ikkitasini oldi novlizatsiyalar, Arvohlar Larri Milne tomonidan (film bilan birga chiqarilgan) va Ghostbusters: g'ayritabiiy ajoyib Richard Myuller tomonidan (1985 yilda chiqarilgan).[4] Ramisning izohli ssenariysi "Making Ghostbusters" 1985 yilda chiqqan.[7]
Chiqarilganidan keyingi yillarda Arvohlar tovarlar tarkibiga quyidagilar kiritilgan: soundtrack albomlari, aksionerlar, kitoblar, Halloween kostyumlari va boshqalar LEGO va Playmobil to'plamlar, shu jumladan Ecto-mobile va Firehouse,[133][189] taxta o'yinlar,[190][191] o'yin avtomatlari,[192] pinball mashinalari,[193] bobbleheads, haykallar, prop nusxalari, neon belgilar, muz kublari, Minimatlar, tanga banklari,[186] Funko Pop raqamlar,[194] poyabzal,[195] tushlik qutilari va nonushta yormalari.[74] Yupqa ilhomlangan cheklangan miqdordagi tsitrus aromati Hi-C-ning Ecto sovutgichi birinchi marta 1987 yilda chiqarilgan ichimlik eng mashhur mahsulotlardan biri bo'lib, 2001 yilgacha ishlab chiqarishni to'xtatmadi.[133] "Slimer" xarakteri ramziy va mashhur bo'lib, video o'yinlarda, o'yinchoqlarda, multfilmlarda, filmlarning davomi, tish pastasida va hatto sharbat qutilarida paydo bo'ldi.[39] Ghostbusters-ni o'xshash xususiyatlar bilan birlashtirgan kulgili kitoblar va o'yinchoqlar, shu jumladan krossover mahsulotlari ham mavjud Qora kiyimdagi erkaklar,[196] O'smir mutant Ninja toshbaqalari,[197][133] Transformatorlar,[198] va World Wrestling Entertainment.[199]
Sequels va spin-offlar
Filmning muvaffaqiyati spamni yaratdi Arvohlar franchayzing animatsion televizion ko'rsatuvlar, filmlar davomi, qayta yuklash, video o'yinlar, musiqa va turli xil tovarlardan iborat.[200] Dastlab filmni 1986 yilda animatsion teleseriallar davom ettirdi Haqiqiy arvohlar (keyinchalik qayta nomlandi Nozikroq! va Haqiqiy arvohlar). Olti yil davomida etti fasl davomida 140 epizodda ishladi va o'zi "Slimer" ga asoslangan pastki seriyani yaratdi, hajviy kitoblar va tovarlar. Undan keyin 1997-yillarning davomi bo'lgan Ekstremal arvohlar.[200][201] Filmning davomi, Ghostbusters II, 1989 yilda chiqarilgan. O'shanda u rekord o'rnatmagan ta'tildan tashqari ochilgan hafta oxiri 29 million dollar va bir kunlik ochilish uchun 10 million dollar ishlab topgan. Filmning ochilish dam olish kunlarida filmni ikki millionga yaqin odam tomosha qilgan. Arvohlar. Oxir oqibat u asl nusxadagi jami daromaddan kamroq daromad oldi va unchalik ijobiy bo'lmagan tanqidiy qabul qilindi.[202][203]
Filmning nisbatan muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lishiga qaramay, aktyorlar va ularning belgilarining tan olinishi va mashhurligi uchinchi film hali ham davom etayotganligini anglatadi.[203] Ushbu kontseptsiya ko'p yillar davomida rivojlana olmadi, chunki Murray ishtirok etishni istamadi. 2009 yilgi intervyusida u shunday dedi:
Biz davomini qildik va bu men uchun juda ham qoniqarsiz edi, chunki men uchun birinchisi ... haqiqiy narsa edi. va davomi ... Ular [dastlab muhokama qilingan] filmidan butunlay boshqacha film yozishgan. Maxsus effektli yigitlar buni qo'lga kiritishdi. Va bu bir xil film emas edi. Unda bir nechta ajoyib sahnalar bor edi, ammo bu bir xil film emas edi. Shunday qilib, uchdan biriga qiziqish hech qachon bo'lmagan Arvohlar, chunki ikkinchisi umidsizlikka tushib qoldi ... men uchun baribir.[204]
Keyingi yillarda Aykroyd 1990-yillar davomida 2010-yillarning boshlariga qadar davom ettirishga urinishlarini davom ettirdi.[203] 2009 yilda, Arvohlar: Video o'yin Ramis va Aykroyd bilan maslahatlashgan holda tayyorlangan hikoyani va Murray, Aykroyd, Ramis, Hudson, Potts va Athertonning o'xshashliklari va ovozli aktyorliklarini namoyish etgan. Ikki yildan keyin o'rnating Ghostbusters II, voqea Ghostbusters Gozer bilan bog'liq bo'lgan ruhiy tahdidga qarshi kurashish uchun yollovchini (o'yinchi) o'qitayotganidan so'ng. O'yin juda yaxshi kutib olindi va hikoya qilish uchun mukofot nominatsiyalariga sazovor bo'ldi. Aykroyd o'yinni "aslida uchinchi film" deb atadi.[205][203] Ghostbusters: Qaytish (2004) noshir ishdan chiqqunga qadar rejalashtirilgan ketma-ket romanlarning birinchisi edi. Bir nechta Arvohlar hajviy kitoblar asl guruhning butun dunyo bo'ylab sarguzashtlarini va boshqa o'lchamlarini davom ettirdilar.[206][133]
2014 yilda Ramisning vafotidan so'ng, Reytman endi potentsial uchinchi film uchun rejissyor sifatida ishlamoqchi emas.[207][208] U ijodiy nazoratni o'zi, Ramis, Aykroyd va Myurrey bilan baham ko'rgan holda, franchayzani ushlab turishga qaror qildi va huquqlarni sotish uchun Kolumbiya bilan shartnoma tuzdi; u ikki hafta davomida Myurreyni ishontirishga sarfladi. Reitman bitimni batafsil bayon qilishdan bosh tortdi, ammo "ijodkorlar bizning butun hayotimiz davomida va bolalarimizning butun hayoti davomida boyib borishini" aytdi. U va Aykroyd ishlab chiqarish kompaniyasini tashkil etishdi Sade Corps franchayzani davom ettirish va kengaytirish, 2016 yilda ayollar tomonidan boshqariladigan qayta yuklashdan boshlab Arvohlar rejissor Pol Feyg.[209] U yulduz edi Melissa Makkarti, Kristen Wiig, Lesli Jons va Keyt Makkinnon titulli Ghostbusters sifatida.[207][210] Film namoyish etilishidan oldin tortishuvlarga duch keldi. Chiqarilgandan keyin u ko'rib chiqildi kassa bombasi aralash sharhlar bilan.[211][212][213][214] Dastlabki ikkita filmning ikkinchi, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri davomi 2019 yil yanvar oyida Reitmanning o'g'li bilan e'lon qilindi Jeyson direktor sifatida xizmat qiladi. Sarlavhali Arvohlar: Oxirgi hayot va Jeyson Reitman tomonidan yozilgan va Gil Kenan, davomi 2021 yil 11 iyunda chiqishi rejalashtirilgan.[215][216]
Adabiyotlar
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- ^ Claiborn, Samuel (2017 yil 2-may). "Arvohlar Pinball mashinasi Stern Pinball tomonidan e'lon qilindi ". IGN. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2016 yil 23 iyulda. Olingan 7 avgust, 2019.
- ^ Elfring, mat (22 fevral, 2019). "O'yinchoqlar ko'rgazmasida 2019 yilda yangi Funko filmi namoyish etiladi: Arvohlar, Chet ellik, Shazam va boshqalar ". GameSpot. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 5 avgustda. Olingan 5 avgust, 2019.
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Bibliografiya
- Kitoblar
- Ostin, Bryus A. (1989). "Qaysi shouni ko'rish kerak?". Zudlik bilan o'tirish: Kino tomoshabinlariga qarash. Sidney: Wadsworth Publishing. ISBN 0-534-09366-3.
- Shnayder, Stiven Jey (2013). Siz o'limdan oldin ko'rishingiz kerak bo'lgan 1001 film. Boston, Massachusets: Merdok kitoblari Pty Limited. p. 708. ISBN 978-0-7641-6613-6.
- Wallace, Daniel (2015). Ghostbusters: Ultimate Visual History. San-Rafael, Kaliforniya: Insight Editions. ISBN 9781608875108.
- Jurnallar
- Larson, Randall D. (1985). "Elmer Bernshteyn va Arvohlar". CinemaScore: Film musiqa jurnali. № 13/14. Qo'shma Shtatlar. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 22 iyunda. Olingan 29 sentyabr, 2019.
- Makkeyb, Jozef (2016). "Bustin 'Out a Classic". Ghostbusters uchun to'liq SFX qo'llanmasi. Birlashgan Qirollik. Olingan 17 avgust, 2019.
- Makkeyb, Jozef (2016). "Ghostly Views". Ghostbusters uchun to'liq SFX qo'llanmasi. Birlashgan Qirollik. Olingan 17 avgust, 2019.
- Makkeyb, Jozef (2016). "Sehr qilish". Ghostbusters uchun to'liq SFX qo'llanmasi. Birlashgan Qirollik. Olingan 17 avgust, 2019.
- Vaddell, Kallum (2016). "Nozikroq dizayner". Ghostbusters uchun to'liq SFX qo'llanmasi. Birlashgan Qirollik. Olingan 17 avgust, 2019.
- Gazetalar
- Ansen, Devid (1984 yil 11-iyun). "Sizning muz qutingizda jin bormi?". Newsweek. Nyu-York shahri.
- "Arvohlar hodisa davom etmoqda ". Kun. Nyu-London, Konnektikut. 1984 yil 16 oktyabr. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 20 iyulda. Olingan 21 yanvar, 2019.
- Xarmets, Aljan (1986 yil 2 fevral). "Keyingi video-kassetalar portlashi ommaviy bozor savdosi bo'lishi mumkin". Geynesvill quyoshi. Geynesvill, Florida. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 29 iyunda. Olingan 23 dekabr, 2017.
- Xiks, Kristofer (1984 yil 8-iyun). "Arvohlar telba uchlik uchun oldinga kulgili qadam ". Deseret yangiliklari. Solt Leyk-Siti, Yuta. Arxivlandi asl nusxasidan 2019 yil 15 avgustda. Olingan 15 avgust, 2019.
- Kael, Polin (1984 yil 25-iyun). "Pop keraksiz narsalar". Nyu-Yorker. Nyu-York shahri.
Tashqi havolalar
- Rasmiy veb-sayt
- Arvohlar kuni IMDb
- Arvohlar da TCM filmlar uchun ma'lumotlar bazasi
- Arvohlar da AllMovie
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