Leonard Koen - Leonard Cohen

Leonard Koen CC GOQ
Koen 1988 yilda
Ma'lumotlar
Tug'ilgan kunning ismi	Leonard Norman Koen
Tug'ilgan	(1934-09-21)1934 yil 21 sentyabr Vestmount, Monreal, Kvebek, Kanada
O'ldi	2016 yil 7-noyabr(2016-11-07) (82 yosh) Los-Anjeles, Kaliforniya, BIZ.
Janrlar	Xalq yumshoq tosh[1]
Kasb (lar)	Qo'shiq muallifi shoir yozuvchi
Asboblar	Vokal gitara klaviaturalar
Faol yillar	1955–2016
Yorliqlar	Kolumbiya
Veb-sayt	leonardcohen.com

Leonard Norman Koen CC GOQ (1934 yil 21 sentyabr - 2016 yil 7 noyabr) kanadalik qo'shiq muallifi, shoir va roman yozuvchisi edi. Uning asarlari din, siyosat, izolyatsiya, depressiya, shahvoniylik, yo'qotish, o'lim va romantik munosabatlarni o'rgangan.^[2] Koen tarkibiga kiritildi Kanadalik shon-sharaf zali, Kanadalik qo'shiq mualliflari shon-sharaf zali, va Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali. U hamrohi sifatida sarmoyalangan Kanada ordeni, millatning eng yuqori fuqarolik sharafi. 2011 yilda Koen ulardan birini oldi Asturiya shahzodasi mukofotlari adabiyot uchun va to'qqizinchi Glenn Guld mukofoti.

Koen shoir va roman yozuvchisi sifatida 1950-yillarda va 1960-yillarning boshlarida o'z faoliyatini boshladi va 1967-yilga qadar 33 yoshida musiqa faoliyatini boshlamadi. Uning birinchi albomi, Leonard Koenning qo'shiqlari (1967), undan keyin yana uchta albom qo'shildi xalq musiqasi: Xonadagi qo'shiqlar (1969), Sevgi va nafrat qo'shiqlari (1971) va Eski marosim uchun yangi teri (1974). Uning 1977 yildagi yozuvi Ayollar odamining o'limi, birgalikda yozgan va tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan Fil Spektor, Koenning avvalgi minimalist tovushidan uzoqlashish edi. 1979 yilda Koen yana an'anaviyroq bo'lib qaytdi So'nggi qo'shiqlar akustik uslubini jazz, Sharqiy Osiyo va O'rta er dengizi ta'sirlari bilan uyg'unlashtirgan. Ehtimol, Koenning eng mashhur qo'shig'i "Halleluja ", birinchi bo'lib studiya albomida chiqdi Turli xil pozitsiyalar 1984 yilda. Men sizning odamingizman 1988 yilda Koenning sintez qilingan mahsulotlarga navbati. 1992 yilda Koen o'zining kuzatuvini e'lon qildi, Kelajak, qorong'i so'zlar va siyosiy va ijtimoiy notinchliklarga ishora qilgan.

Koen 2001 yilda chiqishi bilan musiqaga qaytdi O'n yangi qo'shiq, bu Kanadada va Evropada katta zarba bo'ldi. Uning 11-albomi, Hurmatli Xezer 2008 yildan 2013 yilgacha bo'lgan qator muvaffaqiyatli gastrol safarlaridan so'ng, Koen hayotining so'nggi to'rt yilida uchta albom chiqardi: Eski g'oyalar (2012), Ommabop muammolar (2014) va Siz uni qorong'i qilishni xohlaysiz (2016), oxirgi qismi o'limidan uch hafta oldin chiqarilgan. O'limdan keyingi albom Raqs uchun tashakkur 2019 yil noyabr oyida, uning o'n beshinchi va so'nggi studiyaviy albomi chiqdi.

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Leonard Koen tug'ilgan Monreal shahar atrofi Vestmount, Kvebek 1934 yil 21 sentyabrda. Uning Litva - tug'ilgan ona, Marsha ("Masha") Klonitskiy (1905-1978),^[3][4] a qizi edi Talmudik yozuvchi, ravvin Sulaymon Klonitskiy-Kline va 1927 yilda Kanadaga hijrat qilgan.^[5][6] Uning oilasi Polshadan Kanadaga ko'chib o'tgan otasining bobosi edi Lion Koen, ning asos solgan prezidenti Kanada yahudiylari Kongressi. Ota-onasi unga yahudiylarning Eliezer ismini berishdi, ya'ni "Xudo yordam beradi".^[7] Uning otasi Natan Bernard Koen (1891-1944),^[8] katta kiyim do'koniga ega bo'lgan, Koen to'qqiz yoshida vafot etdi. Oila kuzatdi Pravoslav yahudiylik va tegishli edi Shaar Hashomayim jamoati, bu bilan Koen butun umr davomida aloqalarni saqlab qoldi.^[9] A bo'lish mavzusi bo'yicha kohen, Koen 1967 yilda Richard Goldsteynga shunday degan edi: "Menda juda ko'p narsa bor edi Masihiy bolalik. Menga avlodim ekanligimni aytishdi Aaron, bosh ruhoniy. "^[10]

Koen ishtirok etdi Roslyn boshlang'ich maktabi ettidan to'qqizgacha sinflarni tugatgan Herzliah o'rta maktabi qaerda uning adabiy ustozi Irving Layton o'rgatgan,^[11] keyin 1948 yilda o'tkazilgan Westmount o'rta maktabi, u erda u musiqa va she'riyatni o'rgangan. U ayniqsa she'riyatiga qiziqib qoldi Federiko Gartsiya Lorka.^[12] Koen o'zini Vestmount o'quv dasturidan tashqarida, fotosuratlarda, yilnomalar xodimlarida, cheerlider sifatida, badiiy va zamonaviy tadbirlar klublarida faol qatnashgan va hattoki Talabalar kengashining prezidenti lavozimida ishlagan va "maktab teatr dasturida" katta ishtirok etgan. ". Shu vaqt ichida Koen o'zini akustik gitara chalishni o'rgatdi va a mamlakat –xalq u Buckkin Boys deb atagan guruh. Ispaniyalik yosh gitara chaluvchisi unga "bir nechta akkordlarni va ba'zilarini o'rgatgandan so'ng flamenko ", Koen a ga o'tdi klassik gitara.^[12] U musiqaga bo'lgan muhabbatini uy atrofida qo'shiqlar kuylagan onasiga bog'lab qo'ydi: "Bilaman, bu o'zgarishlar, o'sha kuylar menga juda ta'sir qilgan. Men gitaraimni ba'zi do'stlarim bilan restoranga olib borganimda u biz bilan qo'shiq aytardi; onam kelardi, biz esa ko'pincha tun bo'yi qo'shiq aytardik.^[13]

Koen tez-tez Monrealnikiga borar edi Sent-Loran bulvari kabi joylarda ovqatlanish va ovqatlanish uchun Asosiy Deli Steak House.^[14][15] Jurnalistning so'zlariga ko'ra Devid Saks, Koen va uning bir amakivachchasi "Gangsterlar, sivilciyalar va polvonlarning tuni bilan raqs tushishini tomosha qilish uchun" Asosiy Deli-ga borishadi.^[16] Koen ilgari g'azablangan panjaralardan zavqlanardi Eski Monreal shu qatorda; shu bilan birga Aziz Jozefning notiqligi, uning restorani Westmountga eng yaqin bo'lgan, u va uning do'sti Mort Rozengarten uchun kofe va sigaretlarni baham ko'rish uchun.^[15] Koen Vestmountdan ketgach, ilgari ishchilar yashaydigan mahallada joylashgan Sent-Loran bulvaridan joy sotib oldi. Kichik Portugaliya. U she'rlarini yaqin atrofdagi turli klublarda o'qiydi. O'sha davrda va o'sha joyda Koen o'zining eng mashhur qo'shiqlariga so'zlarni yozgan.^[15]

She'riyat va romanlar

1951 yilda Koen o'qishga kirdi McGill universiteti, qaerda u prezident bo'ldi McGill munozara uyushmasi va "Chumchuqlar" va "Yer egasining fikrlari" she'rlari uchun Chester MakNagten nomidagi adabiy tanlovda g'olib bo'ldi.^[18] Koen o'zining birinchi she'rlarini 1954 yil mart oyida jurnalda nashr etdi CIV / n. Shuningdek, nashrga Koenning shoir-professorlari (ular ham tahririyat tarkibida bo'lgan) she'rlari kiritilgan. Irving Layton va Lui Dudek.^[18] Koen keyingi yili McGillni B.A. bilan tugatdi. daraja.^[12] Shu vaqt ichida uning adabiy ta'siri Uilyam Butler Yits, Irving Layton (u McGill-da siyosiy fanlardan dars bergan va Koenning ustozi va do'sti bo'lgan),^[12] Uolt Uitmen, Federiko Gartsiya Lorka va Genri Miller.^[19] Uning birinchi nashr etilgan she'riy kitobi, Mifologiyalarni taqqoslaylik (1956), Dudek tomonidan Cohenni tugatgandan keyingi yili McGill she'riyat seriyasidagi birinchi kitob sifatida nashr etilgan. Kitobda asosan Koen 15 yoshdan 20 yoshgacha bo'lgan davrda yozilgan she'rlar bor edi va Koen kitobni marhum otasiga bag'ishladi.^[12] Taniqli kanadalik adabiyotshunos Northrop Frye kitobiga obzor yozdi, unda Koenga "cheklangan maqtovlar" berdi.^[12]

Bakalavr darajasini tugatgandan so'ng, Koen bir yil muddatni o'tkazdi McGill yuridik fakulteti va keyin bir yil (1956-57) da Kolumbiya universiteti Umumiy tadqiqotlar maktabi. Koen o'zining aspiranturadagi tajribasini "tanasiz ehtiros, cho'qqisiz sevgi" deb ta'riflagan.^[20] Natijada, Koen Nyu-Yorkni tark etdi va 1957 yilda Monrealga qaytib keldi, turli xil g'alati ishlarda ishladi va badiiy va she'riyat, shu jumladan keyingi kitobi uchun she'rlar yozishga e'tibor qaratdi, Erning ziravorlar qutisi (1961), bu Koen Kanada nashriyot kompaniyasi orqali nashr etgan birinchi kitob edi McClelland & Stewart. Otasining vasiyati unga kamtarinlikni taqdim etdi ishonch unga adabiy ambitsiyalarini amalga oshirish uchun vaqt uchun etarli bo'lgan daromad va Erning ziravorlar qutisi Koen she'riyatining auditoriyasini kengaytirishga yordam berib, Kanadadagi McGill universiteti chegaralaridan tashqarida she'riyat sahnasiga chiqishda yordam berishda muvaffaqiyat qozondi. Kitob, shuningdek, Koenga Kanada she'riyatidagi muhim yangi ovoz sifatida tanqidiy tan olinishiga yordam berdi. Koenning biograflaridan biri, Ira Nadel, "tayyor kitobga munosabat g'ayratli va hayratli edi ...." deya ta'kidladi. Tanqidchi Robert Weaver uni kuchli deb topdi va Koenni "hozirda Kanadaning ingliz tilidagi eng yaxshi yosh shoiri" deb e'lon qildi. "^[12]

Koen 1960-yillarning ko'p qismida she'r va badiiy asarlarni yozishni davom ettirdi va uy sotib olganidan keyin yarim reklyuziv sharoitlarda yashashni afzal ko'rdi. Gidra, Yunoniston oroli Saronik ko'rfazi. Gidrada yashab ijod qilar ekan, Koen she'riy to'plamini nashr etdi Gitler uchun gullar (1964) va romanlar Sevimli o'yin (1963) va Chiroyli yutqazuvchilar (1966). Uning romani Sevimli o'yin avtobiografik edi bildungsroman yozish orqali o'zligini aniqlaydigan yigit haqida. Chiroyli yutqazuvchilar Kanada matbuoti tomonidan katta e'tiborga sazovor bo'ldi va bir qator jinsiy grafika tufayli tortishuvlarga sabab bo'ldi.^[12] Kelsak Chiroyli yutqazuvchilar, Boston Globe "Jeyms Joys o'lmagan. U Monrealda Koen nomi bilan yashaydi" dedi. 1966 yilda Koen ham nashr etildi Osmon parazitlari, she'rlar kitobi. Ikkalasi ham Chiroyli yutqazuvchilar va Osmon parazitlari aralash sharhlarni oldi va bir necha nusxada sotildi.^[12]

1966 yilda CBC-TV prodyuseri Endryu Saymon mahalliy Monreal dolzarb dasturini tayyorladi, Oltida etti, va Koenga mezbon lavozimini taklif qildi. "Men qo'shiq muallifi bo'lishga qaror qildim. Men qo'shiqlar yozmoqchiman", - dedi Saymon Koenni unga aytib berib.^[21]

Keyinchalik, Koen qo'shiqlarni yozishga ko'proq e'tibor qaratib, katta bo'shliqlar bilan kamroq nashr etdi. 1978 yilda u ko'p yillik she'riy kitobini nashr etdi, Xotin erkakning o'limi (xuddi shu nom bilan o'tgan yili chiqargan albomi bilan adashtirmaslik kerak Ayollar odamining o'limi). Faqat 1984 yilda Koen o'zining keyingi she'rlar kitobini nashr etdi, Mehr kitobiKanadalik mualliflar assotsiatsiyasining she'riyat uchun adabiy mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi. Kitobda ibroniycha Injil va Dzen yozuvlari ta'sirida 50 ta nasriy she'rlar mavjud. Koenning o'zi bu qismlarni "ibodat" deb atagan.^[22] 1993 yilda Koen nashr etilgan Begona musiqa: Tanlangan she'rlar va qo'shiqlarva 2006 yilda, 10 yillik kechikishlar, qo'shimchalar va qayta yozilishlardan so'ng, Sog'inish kitobi. Sog'inish kitobi shoirga bag'ishlangan Irving Layton. Shuningdek, 1990-yillarning oxiri va 2000-yillari davomida Koenning ko'plab yangi she'rlari va qo'shiqlari birinchi marta "Leonard Cohen Files" muxlislar veb-saytida, shu jumladan "Ming o'pish chuqur" she'rining asl nusxasini (keyinchalik Koen qo'shiqqa moslashtirgan) nashr etildi. .^[23][24]

Koenning yozish jarayoni, u 1998 yilda intervyu beruvchiga aytganidek, "ayiq asalarichilik uyasiga yoki asal keshiga qoqilib ketgandek: men unga qoqilaman va tiqilib qolaman, bu juda mazali va dahshatli, men u erda va bu juda nafis emas va juda noqulay va juda og'riqli va shu bilan birga bu borada muqarrar bir narsa bor. "^[25]

2011 yilda Koen ushbu mukofot bilan taqdirlandi Asturiya shahzodasi mukofoti adabiyot uchun.^[26]

Uning kitoblari ko'plab tillarga, shu jumladan ispan tiliga tarjima qilingan.^[27]

Yozuv karerasi

1960 va 1970 yillar

1967 yilda yozuvchi sifatida muvaffaqiyatsizligidan hafsalasi pir bo'lgan Koen Qo'shma Shtatlarga ko'chib, folklor qo'shiqchisi - qo'shiq muallifi sifatida ish boshladi. 1960-yillar davomida u chekka shaxs edi Endi Uorxol "Factory" olomon. Uorxol Koen tinglashga vaqt sarflagan deb taxmin qildi Niko klublarda va bu uning musiqiy uslubiga ta'sir qilgan.^[28]

Uning qo'shig'i "Suzanna "uchun xit bo'ldi Judi Kollinz (keyinchalik u Koenning bir qator boshqa qo'shiqlarini ham qamrab olgan) va ko'p yillar davomida uning eng ko'p yopilgan qo'shig'i bo'lgan. Kollinz birinchi marta u bilan uchrashganida, u qo'shiq aytolmasligini yoki gitara chalmasligini aytganini va "Suzanna" ni hatto qo'shiq deb o'ylamaganligini eslaydi:

Keyin u menga "Suzanna" rolini o'ynadi ... Men: "Leonard, men bilan birga men olib boradigan bu katta mablag 'yig'ish marosimiga borishingiz kerak" dedim ... Jimi Xendrix bu erda edi. Bundan oldin u hech qachon [katta auditoriya oldida] qo'shiq aytmagan. U sahnaga chiqdi va qo'shiq aytishni boshladi. Hamma aqldan ozmoqda edi - ular buni yaxshi ko'rishardi. Va u taxminan yarim yo'lda to'xtab, sahnadan chiqib ketdi. Hamma yong'oqqa ketdi. ... Ular uning qaytib kelishini talab qilishdi. Va men talab qildim; Men: "Siz bilan birga chiqaman", dedim. Shunday qilib biz tashqariga chiqdik va uni kuyladik. Va, albatta, bu boshlanish edi.^[29]

U birinchi marta uni 1966 yilda namoyishlaridan birida televizion tomoshabinlar bilan tanishtirdi,^[31] u erda uning qo'shiqlari duetlarini ijro etishdi.^[32][33] U she'riyatini musiqaga olib kirish uchun hali yangi, u bir vaqtlar boshqa auditoriyaga qo'shiq aytish paytida "Suzanna" so'zlarini unutgan.^[34] Kabi qo'shiqchilar Joan Baez gastrol safarlarida kuylashdi.^[35] Koen qo'shiqqa bo'lgan huquqidan voz kechishga aldanganligini, ammo bu sodir bo'lganidan xursandligini aytdi, chunki juda yaxshi ko'rilgan qo'shiqni yozish va unga ham boyish noto'g'ri. - dedi Kollinz Bill Moyers, televizion intervyu paytida, u Koenning yahudiy kelib chiqishi uning so'zlari va musiqasiga muhim ta'sir ko'rsatganini his qildi.^[30]

Bir nechta xalq festivallarida chiqish qilganidan keyin u e'tiborga tushdi Columbia Records ishlab chiqaruvchi Jon Xemmond, kim Koenni rekord shartnoma bilan imzoladi.^[36] Koenning birinchi albomi bo'ldi Leonard Koenning qo'shiqlari (1967).^[37] U 1968 yilda BBC TV-da paydo bo'ldi va u bilan albomdan duet kuyladi Julie Feliks.^[38][a] Albom AQShda, shuningdek, Buyuk Britaniyada bir yildan buyon albom jadvallarida qatnashgan kultga aylandi.^[39] Ushbu birinchi albomdagi bir nechta qo'shiqlar boshqa mashhur folklor san'atkorlari tomonidan, shu jumladan Jeyms Teylor^[40] va Judi Kollinz.^[41] Koen birinchi albomini kuzatib bordi Xonadagi qo'shiqlar (1969 yilda tez-tez yozib turiladigan "Teldagi qush ") va Sevgi va nafrat qo'shiqlari (1971).

1971 yilda kinorejissyor Robert Altman uchun dastlab yozilgan "Notanish qo'shiq", "Qishki ayol" va "Mehr-oqibat singillari" qo'shiqlari ijro etildi. Leonard Koenning qo'shiqlari, yilda Makkeyb va Missis Miller. Hozirda film ba'zi tanqidchilar tomonidan shoh asar deb hisoblanadi, ular qo'shiqlar film uchun ajralmas ekanligini ta'kidlashadi. Skott Tobias 2014 yilda "Film men uchun butun filmni birlashtirgan ushbu motamli interstitsiyalar vazifasini bajaradigan Koen qo'shiqlarisiz tasavvur qilib bo'lmaydi" deb yozgan edi.^[42] Tim Grierson 2016 yilda, Koen vafotidan ko'p o'tmay, "" Altman va Koenning meroslari abadiy bog'lanib turishi haqida yozgan edi Makkeyb. Film Koenning qo'shiqlari bilan uzviy bog'liqdir. Altmanning durdona asarini ularsiz tasavvur qilib bo'lmaydi ».^[43]

1970 yilda Koen birinchi marta AQSh, Kanada va Evropada gastrol safarlarida bo'lib, u erda paydo bo'ldi Vayt oroli festivali.^[44] 1972 yilda u yana Evropa va Isroilda gastrollarda bo'ldi.^[b] Isroildagi namoyishi yaxshi o'tmayotganday tuyulganida, u sahnadan chiqib, kiyinish xonasiga bordi va LSD olib ketdi. Keyin u tomoshabinlar unga yana ibroniy tilida qo'shiq kuylab, uning paydo bo'lishi haqida qichqirayotganini eshitdi va psixodelik ta'siri ostida u shouni tugatishga qaytdi.^[46][47] Bundan tashqari, 1973 yilda u Sinay posbonlarida Isroil askarlari guruhi uchun maxsus spektakl o'ynadi Yom Kippur urushi.^[48]

1973 yilda Columbia Records "Leonard Cohen: Jonli qo'shiqlar" ni chiqardi. 1974 yildan boshlab, Koenning pianist va aranjirovkachi bilan hamkorligi Jon Lissauer tanqidchilar tomonidan maqtalgan jonli ovozni yaratdi. Ular 1974 yilda Evropada va 1974 yil oxiri va 1975 yil boshlarida AQSh va Kanadada gastrol safarlarida bo'lib, Koenning rekordini qo'llab-quvvatladilar Eski marosim uchun yangi teri. 1975 yil oxirida Koen va Lissauer Cohen guruhini qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun yangi guruh bilan AQSh va Kanadada qisqa shou dasturlarini namoyish etishdi. Eng zo'ri ozod qilish. Ekskursiya davomida Cohen va Lissauer tomonidan hamkorlikda yozilgan va nomlangan albomning yangi qo'shiqlari bor edi Rebekka uchun qo'shiqlar. Lissauer bilan ushbu jonli sayohatlardagi yozuvlarning hech biri rasmiy ravishda chiqarilmagan va albom 1976 yilda tark qilingan.

1976 yilda Koen yangi guruh bilan yangi Evropa turiga chiqdi va uning ovozi va aranjirovkasidagi o'zgarishlarni yana qo'llab-quvvatladi. Leonard Koenning eng yaxshisi ozod qilish (Evropada qayta nomlangan Eng zo'r xitlar). Laura Branigan safari davomida uning zaxira qo'shiqchilaridan biri edi.^[49] Apreldan iyulga qadar Koen 55 ta namoyishni namoyish etdi, shu jumladan mashhurga birinchi marta tashrif buyurdi Montreux Jazz festivali.

1976 yildagi Evropa turidan so'ng, Koen yana uslubi va tartibida yangi o'zgarishlarni amalga oshirishga urinib ko'rdi: uning 1977 yildagi yangi rekordi, Ayollar odamining o'limi tomonidan yozilgan va ishlab chiqarilgan Fil Spektor.^[50][c] Bir yil o'tgach, 1978 yilda Koen nozik qayta ko'rib chiqilgan sarlavha bilan she'rlar to'plamini nashr etdi, Xotin erkakning o'limi.

1979 yilda Koen yana an'anaviyroq bo'lib qaytdi So'nggi qo'shiqlar,^[54] uning akustik uslubini jazz va Sharqiy Osiyo va O'rta er dengizi ta'sirlari bilan aralashtirib yubordi. Ushbu yozuvdan boshlab Koen o'z albomlarini birgalikda ishlab chiqara boshladi. Koen va Genri Lyui tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan (Joni Mitchell ovoz muhandisi), So'nggi qo'shiqlar yo'lovchining chiqishlari,^[55] Mitchell orqali Koen bilan uchrashgan Ostindagi jaz-fuzion guruh. Guruh Cohenga shu kabi asboblar yordamida yangi ovoz yaratishda yordam berdi oud, lo'lilar skripkasi va mandolin. Albomni Cohenning yangi guruh bilan katta safari qo'llab-quvvatladi va Jennifer Uornes va Sharon Robinson 1979 yil oxirida Evropada va 1980 yilda Avstraliyada, Isroilda va Evropada yordamchi vokalda. 2000 yilda Kolumbiya 1979 yilgi gastrol safarlaridagi jonli yozuvlar albomini chiqardi. Dala qo'mondoni Koen: 1979 yilgi sayohat.^[56]

1970-yillarda Koen ikki marotaba gastrol safarlarida bo'lgan Jennifer Uornes zaxira qo'shiqchisi sifatida (1972 va 1979). Uornes Cohenning 1984 yilgi albomiga qo'shma vokallarning to'liq kreditini olib, Cohenning kelajakdagi albomlariga aylanadi Turli xil pozitsiyalar (garchi yozuv Koen nomi bilan chiqarilgan bo'lsa-da, ichki yozuvlarda "Vokallar Leonard Koen va Jennifer Uornes" deb yozilgan). 1987 yilda u Cohen qo'shiqlarining albomini yozdi, Mashhur Moviy yomg'ir.^[57] Koenning aytishicha, u 1980 yildagi gastrol safari uchun zaxira nusxasini ijro etgan, garchi o'sha paytdagi faoliyati unga qaraganda ancha yaxshi bo'lgan. "Demak, bu haqiqiy do'st", dedi u. "Kimdir katta masxara qilish holatida meni doim qo'llab-quvvatlagan."^[53]

1980-yillar

Koen 1988 yilda

1980-yillarning boshlarida Koen hammualliflik qildi Lyuis Furey ) rock musiqiy filmi Tungi sehr yulduzcha Kerol Laure va Nik Mankuso; LP Turli xil pozitsiyalar 1984 yilda chiqarilgan.^[d] Koen albomning chiqarilishini Evropada va Avstraliyadagi eng katta gastrol safari bilan va 1975 yildan beri Kanada va AQShdagi birinchi gastrol safari bilan qo'llab-quvvatladi.^[e] Guruh Montreux Jazz festivali, va Roskilde festivali.

Shuningdek, ular Polshada bo'lib o'tgan juda katta hissiy va siyosiy ziddiyatli kontsertlar berishdi harbiy holat atigi ikki yil oldin va "qo'shig'ini ijro etganPartizan "ning madhiyasi sifatida qaraladi Polsha birdamligi harakat.^[58][f]

1987 yilda, Jennifer Uornes hurmat albomi Mashhur Moviy yomg'ir Koenning AQShdagi karerasini tiklashga yordam berdi. Keyingi yil u ozod qilindi Men sizning odamingizman.^[g] Koen ushbu televizion intervyular va Evropa, Kanada va AQSh bo'ylab ekskursiya bilan rekordni qo'llab-quvvatladi. Ko'plab ko'rsatuvlar Evropa va AQSh televidenie va radiostansiyalarida namoyish etildi, Koen esa kariyerasida birinchi marta PBS telekanalida ijro etdi Ostin Siti chegaralari ko'rsatish.^[60][61][h]

"Halleluya"

"Hallelujah" birinchi bo'lib Koenning studiyaviy albomida chiqdi Turli xil pozitsiyalar 1984 yilda va u 1985 yilda Evropaga qilgan safari chog'ida uni kuylagan.^[62][63][64] Qo'shiq dastlabki muvaffaqiyatga cheklangan edi, ammo 1991 yilgi qopqoq orqali mashhurlikka erishdi Jon Kale 2001 yilgi animatsion filmda namoyish etilgan, Shrek.^[65] Ustida filmning soundtrack albomi, qo'shiq tomonidan ijro etildi Rufus Ueynrayt. Keylning versiyasi keyinchalik qopqoq uchun asos yaratdi Jeff Bakli.^[66] "Halleluya" deyarli 200 san'atkorlari tomonidan turli tillarda ijro etilgan.^[67][men]

Qo'shiq kitobning mavzusi Muqaddas yoki singan: Leonard Koen, Jef Bakli va "Halleluja" ning ko'tarilish ehtimoli yo'q (2012) tomonidan Alan Light. A Nyu-York Tayms ko'rib chiqish Janet Maslin kitobni va qo'shiqni yuqori baholadi va "Koen o'zining" Halleluya "qo'shig'i bilan ko'p yillar davomida kurash olib borganini va bu oxir-oqibat Amerika musiqa tarixidagi eng ko'p ijro etilgan qo'shiqlardan biriga aylanganini" ta'kidladi.^[69]

1990-yillar

Media-ni ijro etish

Koen 1988 yilda intervyu bergan.

Albom treki "Hamma biladi "dan Men sizning odamingizman va 1990 yilda suratga olingan "Agar bu sizning xohishingiz bo'lsa" Ovozni ko'taring Koen musiqasini kengroq auditoriyaga namoyish etishga yordam berdi. U qo'shiqni birinchi marta 1988 yilda o'zining jahon safari paytida tanishtirdi.^[70] "Hamma biladi" qo'shig'i ham boshqa bir kanadalikda mashhur bo'lgan Atom Egoyan 1994 yilgi film, Ekzotika. 1992 yilda Koen chiqdi Kelajak, undaydi (ko'pincha jihatidan Injilga oid bashorat) qat'iyatlilik, islohot va umidsizlik oldida umid. Albomdan uchta trek - "Mo''jizani kutish "," Kelajak "va" Madhiya "- filmda namoyish etilgan Tabiiy tug'ilgan qotillar Shuningdek, bu Koenning ishini yangi avlod AQSh tinglovchilariga targ'ib qildi.

Xuddi shunday Men sizning odamingizman, so'zlari Kelajak qorong'i bo'lib, siyosiy va ijtimoiy notinchliklarga ishora qildi. Xabarlarga ko'ra titul treki bu javob 1992 yil Los-Anjelesdagi tartibsizliklar. Koen albomni "Yopish vaqti" va "Kelajak" nomli ikkita klipi bilan targ'ib qildi va Evropada, Qo'shma Shtatlarda va Kanadada katta gastrol safari bilan chiqishni qo'llab-quvvatladi. kuni PBS "s Ostin Siti chegaralari. Skandinaviya ko'rsatuvlarining bir qismi radio orqali to'g'ridan-to'g'ri efirga uzatildi. Ko'pincha gastrol safari Kanadada yozilgan spektakllar tanlovi 1994 yilda chiqarilgan Cohen Live albom.

1993 yilda Koen o'zining tanlangan she'rlari va qo'shiqlari kitobini ham nashr etdi, Begona musiqa: Tanlangan she'rlar va qo'shiqlarU 1980 yildan beri ishlagan. 1980-yillarning oxiri va 1990-yillarning boshlaridagi bir qator yangi she'rlar va 1978 yilgi kitobining katta tahririni o'z ichiga oladi. Xotin erkakning o'limi.^[71]

1994 yilda Koen orqaga chekindi Mt. Baldy Zen markazi Los-Anjeles yaqinida, markazda besh yillik tanholik bo'lgan narsadan boshlandi.^[57] 1996 yilda Koen a Rinzay Zen Buddist rohib va ​​olib Dharma ism Jikan, "sukunat" ma'nosini anglatadi. U shaxsiy yordamchi sifatida xizmat qilgan Kyozan Joshu Sasaki Roshi.

1997 yilda Koen tanlovi va chiqarilishini nazorat qildi Leonard Koenning eng yaxshisi albomi, unda ilgari chiqarilmagan "Hech qachon yaxshi bo'lmaydi" treki va "Buyuk voqea" eksperimental qismi mavjud. Birinchisi, Cohenning 1990-yillarning o'rtalarida tugallanmagan albomidan qolgan bo'lib, unda "In My Secret Life" (1988 yilda davom etayotgan qo'shiq sifatida o'qilgan) va "Ming o'pish chuqur",^[72] ikkalasi ham keyinchalik qayta ishlagan Sharon Robinson 2001 yilgi albom uchun O'n yangi qo'shiq.^[20]

Jamiyatda Koen yozuvni davom ettirmaydi yoki nashr etishni davom ettirmaydi degan taassurot paydo bo'lgan bo'lsa ham, u 1999 yil may oyida Los-Anjelesga qaytib keldi. U "Leonard Cohen Files" muxlislari veb-saytiga muntazam ravishda o'z hissasini qo'shib, yangi she'rlari va rasmlarini elektron pochta orqali yuborishni boshladi. Sog'inish kitobi va 1998 yil sentyabr oyida "Ming o'pish chuqur" singari yangi qo'shiqlarning dastlabki versiyalari^[73] va Anjani Tomasning hikoyasi 1999 yil 6 mayda, "Villanelle for our time" yozilgan kuni yuborilgan^[74] (2004 yilda chiqarilgan) Hurmatli Xezer albom). Leonard Koen fayllarining Koenning onlayn yozuvlari bilan bo'limi "Qora sahifalar" deb nomlangan.^[24]

2000-yillar

Monastirdan keyingi yozuvlar

Ikki yillik ishlab chiqarishdan so'ng, Koen 2001 yilda chiqishi bilan musiqaga qaytdi O'n yangi qo'shiq, prodyuser va hammuallifning katta ta'siriga ega Sharon Robinson. Koen va Robinzonning uy studiyalarida yozilgan albom - Natyurmort studiyalari,^[75] "Alexandra Leaving" qo'shig'ini o'z ichiga oladi, she'rning o'zgarishi "Xudo Antoniyni tark etadi ", yunon shoiri tomonidan Konstantin P. Kavafi. Albom Kanadada va Evropada Koen uchun katta xit bo'ldi va u uni "In My Secret Life" xit singli va qo'shiqchi video tomonidan suratga olingan holda qo'llab-quvvatladi. Floriya Sigismondi. Albom 2002 yilda to'rtta Kanadalik Juno mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi: Eng yaxshi rassom, eng yaxshi qo'shiq muallifi, eng yaxshi pop albomi va eng yaxshi video ("In My Secret Life").^[20] Keyingi yili u Kanadaning eng yuqori fuqarolik sharafiga sarmoya kiritdi Kanada ordeni hamrohi.^[20]

2004 yil oktyabr oyida Koen ozod qilindi Hurmatli Xezer, asosan jazz chanteuse (va romantik sherik) bilan musiqiy hamkorlik Anjani Tomas, garchi Sharon Robinson uchta trekda (shu jumladan, duetda) hamkorlik qilishga qaytgan bo'lsa. Oldingi albom qorong'i bo'lgani kabi, Hurmatli Xezer Koenning o'z kayfiyatining o'zgarishini aks ettiradi - u bir qator intervyularida so'nggi yillarda depressiya ko'tarilganini va buni Zen buddizmga tegishli ekanligini aytdi. Kanadalik qo'shiq mualliflari shon-sharaf zaliga qo'shilgandan so'ng bergan intervyusida, Koen albom bir xil daftar yoki albom mavzusi bo'lishi uchun mo'ljallanganligini va birozdan keyin yana rasmiy yozuvlar chiqarilishi rejalashtirilganligini tushuntirdi, ammo bu sobiq menejeri bilan bo'lgan huquqiy kurashlari natijasida muzga tushirildi.

Moviy ogohlantirish, Anjani va Koen tomonidan hamkorlikda yozilgan qo'shiqlar albomi 2006 yilda ijobiy baholash uchun chiqarilgan. Bir sharhlovchining so'zlariga ko'ra Anjani tomonidan kuylangan: "... Koen ayol sifatida qayta tug'ilgandek tuyuladi ... garchi Koen albomda bironta qo'shiq aytmasa ham, uning ovozi tutunga o'xshaydi".^[76][j]

2008-2010 yillarda dunyo bo'ylab gastrol safari boshlanishidan oldin va 2006 yildan beri ishlab kelayotgan yangi albomini tugatmasdan, Koen boshqa rassomlarning albomlariga bir nechta treklarni qo'shdi - u o'zining "Qo'shiq minorasi" ning yangi versiyasini ijro etdi. , Anjani Tomas va U2 2006 yilgi o'lpon filmida Leonard Koen Men sizning odamingizman^[78] (video va trek filmning soundtrackiga kiritilgan va U2 singlining B tomoni sifatida chiqarilgan "Osmondagi oyna ", 1-songa etib bormoqda Kanadalik yakkaliklar jadvali ). 2007 yilda u qiroat qildi "Sukunat tovushi "albomda Xizmat Pol Simon: Mardi Grasga olib boring va "O'rmonlar chizig'i" muallifi Joni Mitchell, hamrohligida Herbi Xenkok fortepianoda, Xenkokning "Gremmi" mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan albomida Daryo: Joni maktublari,^[79] 2008 yilda esa albomda "Siz so'raganingizdan beri" she'rini o'qidi Zot uchun tug'ilgan: hurmat Judi Kollinz.^[80][81]

Sud jarayonlari va moliyaviy muammolar

Silvi Simmons 2012 yil Koenning biografiyasida Koenning uzoq yillik menejeri Kelley Linch "Leonardning biznes ishlarini olib borgan ... [va] shunchaki uning menejeri emas, balki uning yaqin do'sti, oilaning deyarli bir qismi bo'lgan" deb tushuntiradi.^[82] Simmonsning ta'kidlashicha, 2004 yil oxirida Koenning qizi Lorka Linchni moliyaviy noqonuniylikda gumon qila boshladi va Koen o'zining bankdagi hisobvaraqlarini tekshirganda, u bilmasdan Lynchning kredit kartochkasini 75000 dollarga to'laganini payqadi va shuningdek, pulning katta qismi uning hisob-kitoblari yo'qolgan (shu jumladan, uning pensiya hisobvarag'idagi mablag'lar va xayriya maqsadli jamg'armalari). Koen, bu 1996 yilda, Linch Koenning musiqiy nashriyot huquqlarini sotishni boshlaganida, Koenning o'sha paytda moliyaviy ko'magi yo'qligiga qaramay boshlanganini aniqladi.^[82]

2005 yil oktyabr oyida Koen Linchni sudga berdi, u Koenning pensiya jamg'armasidan 5 million AQSh dollaridan ko'proq mablag'ni o'zlashtirgan deb atadi, atigi 150 ming dollar.^[83][84] Koenni o'z navbatida boshqa sobiq sheriklar sudga berishdi.^[83] Ushbu voqealar uni jamoatchilik e'tiboriga tushirdi, shu qatorda unga "Vayron bo'ldi!" Sarlavhali muqovasi. Kanadada Maklin jurnal.^[84] 2006 yil mart oyida Koen a fuqarolik da'vosi va Los-Anjeles okrugining yuqori sudi tomonidan 9 million AQSh dollari miqdorida mukofotlandi. Linch kostyumni e'tiborsiz qoldirdi va a ga javob bermadi sudga chaqiruv uning moliyaviy yozuvlari uchun chiqarilgan.^[85] Natijada, Koen hech qachon mukofotlangan miqdorni to'play olmasligi mumkinligi haqida keng tarqalgan.^[86][k]

Sog'inish kitobi

Koenning she'rlar va rasmlar kitobi, Sog'inish kitobi, 2006 yil may oyida nashr etilgan. Mart oyida Torontodagi chakana savdo tarmog'i Internetda joylashtirilgan birinchi 1500 buyurtmaning imzolangan nusxalarini taqdim etdi: barchasi 1500 soat davomida sotildi. Kitob tezda Kanadadagi bestsellerlar ro'yxatiga kirdi. 2006 yil 13 mayda Koen Torontodagi kitob do'konidagi do'kon ichidagi tadbirda 13 yil ichida birinchi marta jamoatchilik oldida chiqish qildi. Taxminan 3000 kishi kelib, kitob do'koni atrofidagi ko'chalarning yopilishiga sabab bo'ldi. U o'zining eng qadimgi va taniqli ikkita qo'shig'ini ijro etdi: "So Long, Marianne" va "Hey, bu xayrlashishning iloji yo'q "bilan birga Barenaked xonimlar va Ron Sexsmith. U bilan birga Anjani ham paydo bo'ldi, ikkovi uning yangi CD-si va kitobini targ'ib qilishdi.^[93]

O'sha yili, Filipp Shisha uchun bastalangan musiqa Sog'inish kitobi. Klaviaturada oynani o'z ichiga olgan bir qator jonli ijrolardan so'ng, Koenning yozib olingan og'zaki matni, to'rtta qo'shimcha ovoz (soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor va bass-bariton) va boshqa asboblar hamda Koenning badiiy asarlari va rasmlari namoyishi, Shisha yorlig'i Orange Mountain Music asarning ikki nusxadagi kompakt-diskini chiqardi Sog'inish kitobi. Leonard Koenning she'riyati va badiiy asarlari asosida qo'shiq aylanishi.^[94]

2008–10 yilgi jahon safari

2008 yilgi tur

2008 yilgi konsert safari

Koen Edinburg qal'asida, 2008 yil iyul

Cohen, International Internacional de Benicàssim festivalida, 2008 yil iyul

The ekskursiya, Koenning 15 yil ichida birinchi, 11 mayda boshlangan Frederikton, Nyu-Brunsvik va 2010 yil oxirigacha uzaytirildi. 2008 yil o'rtalarida bo'lib o'tadigan birinchi o'yinlar jadvali Kanada va Evropani qamrab oldi. Katta sovuq,^[95] Monreal Jazz festivali va 2008 yilda Piramida Sahnasida Glastonberi festivali 2008 yil 29 iyunda.^[96] Uning Glastonberidagi chiqishlari ko'pchilik tomonidan festivalning eng muhim voqeasi sifatida baholandi,^[97] Va uning "Halleluja" ni quyosh botishi bilan ijro etishi shoshilinch kutib olish va Piramida sahnasi maydonidan uzoq olqishlar bilan kutib olindi.^[98] Shuningdek, u London shoularida ikkita shou o'tkazgan O2 Arena.^[99]

Dublinda u ochiq havoda kontsert bergan birinchi ijrochi edi IMMA (Kilmainham qirollik kasalxonasi ) 2008 yil 13, 14 va 15 iyun kunlari bo'lib o'tgan sahna. 2009 yilda spektakllar Irlandiyadagi mukofot bilan taqdirlandi Meteor musiqa mukofoti yilning eng yaxshi xalqaro ko'rsatkichi sifatida.

2008 yil sentyabr, oktyabr va noyabr oylarida Koen Evropa bo'ylab sayohat qildi, shu jumladan Avstriya, Irlandiya, Polsha, Ruminiya, Italiya, Germaniya, Frantsiya va Skandinaviyada to'xtadi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Londonda yashang

2009 yil mart oyida Koen ozod qilindi Londonda yashang, 2008 yil iyul oyida Londonning O2 Arenasida yozilgan va DVD-da va ikkita CD to'plam sifatida chiqarilgan. Albom 25 ta qo'shiqni o'z ichiga oladi va ikki yarim soatdan ko'proq vaqtni tashkil etadi. Bu Koenning ovoz yozish karerasidagi birinchi rasmiy DVD edi.^[100]

2009 yilgi tur

Koen, McLaren Vale, Janubiy Avstraliya, 2009 yil yanvar

Cohen's World Tour 2008-2009 uchinchi bosqichi 2009 yil 20 yanvardan 10 fevralgacha Yangi Zelandiya va Avstraliyani qamrab oldi. 2009 yil yanvar oyida Tinch okeaniga safari birinchi bo'lib Yangi Zelandiyaga keldi, u erda 12000 tomoshabin beshta qarsak chalib javob qaytardi.^[l]

2009 yil 19 fevralda Koen so'nggi 15 yil ichida o'zining birinchi Amerika kontsertini namoyish etdi Mayoq teatri Nyu-York shahrida.^[103] Leonard Koen forumi a'zolari va matbuot uchun muxlislar uchun maxsus tomosha sifatida namoyish etilgan ushbu shou butun uch yillik ekskursiya davomida radio (NPR) orqali tarqatilgan va bepul podkast sifatida namoyish etilgan yagona shou bo'ldi.

2009 yil Shimoliy Amerika safari 1 aprelda ochilgan va unda tomoshani o'z ichiga olgan Coachella Valley musiqa va san'at festivali 2009 yil 17 aprel, juma kuni festival tarixidagi eng katta ochiq teatr olomonidan biri oldida. Uning ishlashi Halleluja festivalning eng muhim voqealaridan biri sifatida tan olingan va shu tariqa 2008 yilgi Glastonberidagi eng katta muvaffaqiyatni takrorlagan.

2009 yil iyul oyida Koen marafonga Evropa safari boshladi, bu so'nggi ikki yil ichida uchinchi. Yo'nalish asosan Germaniya, Buyuk Britaniya, Frantsiya, Ispaniya, Irlandiyadagi sport arenalari va ochiq havoda yozgi festivallarni o'z ichiga olgan (shou O2 Dublinda unga ikkinchi bo'lib g'olib bo'ldi Meteor musiqa mukofoti ketma-ket), shuningdek, Serbiyadagi chiqishlari Belgrad Arena, Chexiya, Vengriya, Turkiyada va yana Ruminiyada.

2009 yil 18 sentyabrda sahnada kontsertda "Valensiya", Ispaniya, Koen o'zining "Simli qush" qo'shig'ini ijro etish paytida yarim yo'lda to'satdan hushidan ketdi, bu ikki aktli to'plamlar ro'yxatida to'rtinchi; Kohenni guruh a'zolari sahnaga tushirdilar va keyin mahalliy kasalxonaga yotqizishdi, kontsert esa to'xtatildi.^[104] Koenning oshqozonida muammolar bo'lganligi va ehtimol ovqatdan zaharlanishi haqida xabar berilgan edi.^[105] Uch kundan so'ng, 21 sentyabr kuni, 75 yoshida, u Barselonada konsert berdi. 2009 yilda Evropada so'nggi bo'lib o'tgan va Evropaning so'nggi kontserti ekanligi haqida mish-mishlar ko'plab xalqaro muxlislarni jalb qildi, ular Koenning tug'ilgan kuniga bag'ishlangan yashil shamlarni yoqib, Koenni muxlislari va Leonard Koen forumi uchun alohida minnatdorchilik so'zlarini aytishga undashdi.

Ushbu oyoqning so'nggi kontserti bo'lib o'tdi Tel-Aviv, Isroil 24 sentyabr kuni Ramat Gan stadioni. Tadbir bir qator musiqachilar tomonidan taklif qilingan Isroilni madaniy boykot qilgani sababli jamoatchilik muhokamasi bilan o'ralgan.^[106] Shunga qaramay, Koenning 1980 yildan buyon Isroilda birinchi namoyishi bo'lgan Tel-Aviv kontsertiga chiptalar 24 soatdan kam vaqt ichida tugadi.^[107] 47 mingta chiptani sotishdan tushgan mablag 'bilan hamkorlikda xayriya fondiga o'tkazilishi e'lon qilindi Xalqaro Amnistiya va Isroil va Falastin tinchlik guruhlari tomonidan foydalaniladi.^[108][m]

2008-2009 yilgi jahon turining oltinchi o'yini yana AQShga bo'lib o'tdi, 15 tomosha namoyish etildi. 2009 yilgi jahon safari hisobotda 9,5 million dollar ishlab topdi va Koenni 39-o'ringa qo'ydi Billboard jurnalning yilning eng yaxshi musiqiy "pul ishlab chiqaruvchilari" ro'yxati.^[111]

Jonli nashrlar

2010 yil 14 sentyabrda Sony Music jonli CD / DVD albomini chiqardi, Yo'ldan qo'shiqlar, Koenning 2008 va 2009 yildagi jonli ijrolarini namoyish etadi. O'tgan yili, Koenning 1970 yil Vayt orolidagi musiqa festivalidagi chiqishi CD / DVD kombinati sifatida chiqarildi.

2010 yilgi tur

Koenning 2008-2009 yilgi jahon safari 2010 yilgacha cho'zilgan. Dastlab mart oyida boshlanishi rejalashtirilgan, belidagi jarohati tufayli sentyabr oyida boshlangan.^[112] Rasmiy ravishda "Jahon sayohati-2010" deb nomlangan ushbu tur 2010 yil 25 iyulda boshlangan Arena Zagreb, Xorvatiya.^[n] 2010 yilgi turning uchinchi o'yini 28 oktabr kuni Yangi Zelandiyada boshlanib, Avstraliyada davom etdi.

2010 yil

Koen, Daniyaning Odense shahridagi King's Garden-da, 2013 yil 17-avgust

2011 yilda Koenning she'riy chiqishi "Everyman's Library Pocket Poets" da tanlovda namoyish etildi She'rlar va qo'shiqlar Robert Faggen tomonidan tahrirlangan. To'plamga Cohenning 1993 yildagi tanlangan asarlar kitobi asosida yaratilgan barcha kitoblari, Musofir musiqasiva shuningdek Sog'inish kitobi, oltita yangi qo'shiq so'zlari qo'shilgan. Shunga qaramay, 2006 yilda o'qilgan "Bir ko'cha" nomli uchta qo'shiq, 2009 va 2010 yillarda jonli ijro etilgan "Juda yaxshi his qilmoqda" va 2010 yilda jonli ijro etilgan "Zanjirda tug'ilgan" qo'shiqlari Koenning 2012 yil albomida chop etilmagan. Eski g'oyalar, u bilan so'nggi daqiqada qo'shiqlarning versiyalaridan norozi bo'lish; 2009 yilda kitobda taqdim etilgan va jonli ijroda ijro etilgan "Lullaby" qo'shig'i albom uchun to'liq qayta yozilib, o'sha ohangda yangi so'zlarni taqdim etdi.^{[iqtibos kerak ]}

Biografiya, Men sening odamingman: Leonard Koenning hayotiSylvie Simmons tomonidan yozilgan, 2012 yil oktyabr oyida nashr etilgan. Kitob Koenning ikkinchi asosiy tarjimai holi (Ira Nadelning 1997 yilgi tarjimai holi) Turli xil pozitsiyalar birinchi edi).^[115]

Eski g'oyalar

Leonard Koenning 12-studiya albomi, Eski g'oyalar, 2012 yil 31 yanvarda butun dunyo bo'ylab chiqdi va tez orada butun karerasidagi eng yuqori chart albomi bo'ldi va Kanada, Norvegiya, Finlyandiya, Gollandiya, Ispaniya, Belgiya, Polsha, Vengriya, Chexiya, Xorvatiya, Yangi Zelandiya va AQSh, Avstraliya, Frantsiya, Portugaliya, Buyuk Britaniya, Avstriya, Daniya, Shvetsiya, Irlandiya, Germaniya va Shveytsariyada birinchi o'rin uchun raqobatlashadigan o'nta pozitsiya Lana Del Rey debyut albomi O'lish uchun tug'ulmoq, shu kuni chiqarilgan.^[116]

"Going Home" qo'shig'ining so'zlari she'r sifatida nashr etilgan Nyu-Yorker jurnal, 2012 yil yanvarida, yozuvlar chiqarilishidan oldin.^[117] Albomning barchasi onlayn ravishda translyatsiya qilindi Milliy radio 22 yanvar kuni^[118] va 23 yanvar kuni Guardian.^[119]

Albom bir xil ijobiy sharhlarni oldi Rolling Stone,^[120] The Chicago Tribune,^[121] va Guardian.^[122] 2012 yil yanvar oyida albomning rekord nashrida, Koen bilan suhbatlashdi The New York Times muxbir Jon Pareles u "o'lim uning xayolida va uning qo'shiqlarida [ushbu albomda] juda ko'p edi", deb ta'kidlaydi. Pareles albomni "kuzgi albom, xotiralar va yakuniy hisob-kitoblarga bag'ishlangan, ammo uning ko'zlarida porlashi bor" deb ta'riflaydi. Bu yana bir bor janob Koen butun faoliyati davomida o'ylagan mavzular: sevgi, istak, imon, xiyonat, qutqarish. Diksiyaning ba'zilari Injilga, ba'zilari esa sardonik. "^[123]

2012–2013 yilgi Jahon sayohati

2012 yil 12 avgustda Koen uni qo'llab-quvvatlash uchun yangi Evropa safari boshladi Eski g'oyalar, 2008-2010 yillardagi gastrol guruhiga skripkachini qo'shib, hozirda Unified Heart Touring Band laqabini oldi va 2008-2012 yillarda bo'lib o'tgan uch soatlik ro'yxat tuzilmasidan so'ng, qator qo'shiqlarni qo'shib qo'shdi. Eski g'oyalar. Evropa o'yini 2012 yil 7 oktyabrda Belgiya, Irlandiya (Qirollik kasalxonasi), Frantsiya (Parijdagi Olimpiya), Angliya (Londondagi Uembli Arena), Ispaniya, Portugaliya, Germaniya, Italiya (Veronadagi Arena), Xorvatiyadagi kontsertlardan so'ng yakunlandi. (Pula shahridagi Arena ), Daniya, Shvetsiya, Norvegiya, Finlyandiya, Ruminiya va Turkiya.^[124]

The second leg of the Old Ideas World Tour took place in the US and Canada in November and December, with 56 shows altogether on both legs.^[125]

Cohen returned to North America in the spring of 2013 with concerts in the United States and Canada. A summer tour of Europe happened shortly afterwards.^[126]

Cohen then toured Australia and New Zealand in November and December 2013. His final concert was performed at the Vektorli Arena Oklendda.^[127][128]

Ommabop muammolar va Siz uni qorong'i qilishni xohlaysiz

Cohen released his 13th album, Ommabop muammolar, on September 24, 2014.^[129] The album includes "A Street", which he had previously recited in 2006, during promotion of his book of poetry Sog'inish kitobi, and later printed twice, as "A Street" in the March 2, 2009 issue of Nyu-Yorker jurnal,^[130] and appeared as "Party's Over" in Everyman's Library edition of She'rlar va qo'shiqlar 2011 yilda.

Cohen's 14th and final album, Siz uni qorong'i qilishni xohlaysiz, was released on October 21, 2016.^[131] Cohen's son Adam Koen has a production credit on the album.^[132] On February 23, 2017, Cohen's son and his final album collaborator Sammy Slabbinck released a special, posthumous tribute video set to the album track "Traveling Light", featuring never before seen archival footage of Cohen from his career.^[133] Sarlavha trekka ega bo'ldi Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance in January 2018.

Raqs uchun tashakkur and other posthumous releases

Before his death, Cohen had begun working on a new album with his son Odam, a musician and singer-songwriter.^[134] Albom, nomlangan Raqs uchun tashakkur, was released on November 22, 2019.^[135] One posthumous track, "Necropsy of Love", appeared on the 2018 compilation album "Al Purdy" qo'shig'i and another track named "The Goal" was also published on September 20, 2019 on Leonard Cohen's official YouTube channel.^[136]

Cultural impact and themes

Yozish AllMusic, critic Bruce Eder assessed Cohen's overall career in popular music by asserting that "[he is] one of the most fascinating and enigmatic ... singer-songwriters of the late '60s ... Second only to Bob Dilan (va ehtimol Pol Simon ), he commands the attention of critics and younger musicians more firmly than any other musical figure from the 1960s who continued to work in the 21st century."^[137] The Amerika shoirlari akademiyasi commented more broadly, stating that "Cohen's successful blending of poetry, fiction, and music is made most clear in Musofir musiqasi: Selected Poems and Songs, published in 1993 ... while it may seem to some that Leonard Cohen departed from the literary in pursuit of the musical, his fans continue to embrace him as a Renaissance man who straddles the elusive artistic borderlines."^[138] Bob Dylan was an admirer, describing Cohen as the 'number one' songwriter of their time (Dylan described himself as 'number zero'). "When people talk about Leonard, they fail to mention his melodies, which to me, along with his lyrics, are his greatest genius. ... Even the counterpoint lines--they give a celestial character & melodic lift to his songs. ... no one else comes close to this in modern music. ... I like all of Leonard's songs, early or late. ... they make you think & feel. I like some of his later songs even better than his early ones. Yet there's a simplicity to his early ones that I like, too. ... He's very much a descendant of Irving Berlin. ... Both of them just hear melodies that most of us can only strive for. ... Both Leonard & Berlin are incredibly crafty. Leonard particularly uses chord progressions that are classical in shape. He is a much more savvy musician than you'd think."^[139]

Themes of political and social justice also recur in Cohen's work, especially in later albums. In "Democracy", he both acknowledges political problems and celebrates^{[iqtibos kerak ]} the hopes of reformers: "from the wars against disorder/ from the sirens night and day/ from the fires of the homeless/ from the ashes of the gay/ Democracy is coming to the USA."^[140] He made the observation in "Tower of Song" that "the rich have got their channels in the bedrooms of the poor/ And there's a mighty judgment coming." In the title track of Kelajak he recasts this prophecy on a pacifist note: "I've seen the nations rise and fall/ ... / But love's the only engine of survival." In that same song he comments on current topics (abortion, anal sex and the use of drugs): "Give me crack and anal sex. Take the only tree that's left and stuff it up the hole in your culture", "Destroy another fetus now, we don't like children anyhow".^[141][142] In "Anthem", he promises that "the killers in high places [who] say their prayers out loud/ [are] gonna hear from me."

War is an enduring theme of Cohen's work that—in his earlier songs and early life—he approached ambivalently. Challenged in 1974 over his serious demeanor in concerts and the military salutes he ended them with, Cohen remarked, "I sing serious songs, and I'm serious onstage because I couldn't do it any other way ... I don't consider myself a civilian. I consider myself a soldier, and that's the way soldiers salute."^[143]

Deeply moved by encounters with Israeli and Arab soldiers, he left the country to write "Oshiq oshiq oshiq ". This song has been interpreted as a personal renunciation of armed conflict, and ends with the hope his song will serve a listener as "a shield against the enemy". He would later remark, "'Lover, Lover, Lover' was born over there; the whole world has its eyes riveted on this tragic and complex conflict. Then again, I am faithful to certain ideas, inevitably. I hope that those of which I am in favour will gain."^[145] Asked which side he supported in the Arab-Israeli conflict, Cohen responded, "I don't want to speak of wars or sides ... Personal process is one thing, it's blood, it's the identification one feels with their roots and their origins. The militarism I practice as a person and a writer is another thing. ... I don't wish to speak about war."^[146]

In 1991, playwright Brayden MakDonald ishga tushirildi Sincerely, A Friend, a musical revue based on Cohen's music.^[147]

Cohen is mentioned in the Nirvana Qo'shiq "Pennyroyal Choy " from the band's 1993 release, Uteroda. Kurt Kobeyn wrote, "Give me a Leonard Cohen afterworld/So I can sigh eternally." Cohen, after Cobain's suicide, was quoted as saying "I'm sorry I couldn't have spoken to the young man. I see a lot of people at the Zen Centre, who have gone through drugs and found a way out that is not just Sunday school. There are always alternatives, and I might have been able to lay something on him."^[148] He is also mentioned in the lyrics of songs by Lloyd Cole & The Commotions,^[149] Mercury Rev va Marillion.^[150][151]

Cohen was one of the inspirations for Matthew Bissonnette and Steven Clark's 2002 film Leonardni qidiryapman. Centred on a group of small-time criminals in Montreal, one of the film's characters idolizes Cohen as a symbol of her dreams for a better life, obsessively rereading his writings and rewatching Xonimlar va janoblar.^[152]

The Leonard Cohen song "Shunday qilib uzoq, Marianne " is the title of the season 4, episode 9 episode of Bu biz. The song is played and its meaning is discussed as an important plot point of the episode.

Shaxsiy hayot

Aloqalar va bolalar

In September 1960, Cohen bought a house on the Greek island of Gidra with $1,500 which he had inherited from his grandmother.^[153] Cohen lived there with Marianne Ihlen, with whom he was in a relationship for most of the 1960s.^[36] Qo `shiq "Shunday qilib uzoq, Marianne " was written to and about her. In 2016, Ihlen died of leykemiya three months and 9 days before Cohen.^[154][155] His farewell letter to her was read at her funeral, often misquoted by the media and others as "... our bodies are falling apart and I think I will follow you very soon. Know that I am so close behind you that if you stretch out your hand, I think you can reach mine."^[156] This widely circulated version is based on an inaccurate verbal recollection by Ihlen's friend. The letter (actually an email), obtained through the Leonard Cohen estate, reads:

Aziz Marianne,

I'm just a little behind you, close enough to take your hand. This old body has given up, just as yours has too.

I've never forgotten your love and your beauty. Lekin siz buni bilasiz. I don't have to say any more. Xavfsiz sayohat eski do'st. Yo'lda ko'rishguncha. Cheksiz sevgi va minnatdorchilik.

— your Leonard, ^[157]

In the 1970s, Cohen was in a relationship with artist Suzanne Elrod. She took the cover photograph for Jonli qo'shiqlar and is pictured on the cover of the Ayollar odamining o'limi. She also inspired the "Dark Lady" of Cohen's book Xotin erkakning o'limi (1978), but is not the subject of one of his best-known songs, "Suzanna ", which refers to Suzanne Verdal, the former wife of a friend, the Québécois sculptor Armand Vaillancourt.^[158] Cohen and Elrod separated in 1979,^[159] with him later stating that "cowardice" and "fear" prevented him from marrying her.^[160][161] Their relationship produced two children: a son, Odam (b. 1972), and a daughter, Lorca (b. 1974), named after poet Federiko Gartsiya Lorka. Adam is a singer–songwriter and the lead singer of pop-rock band Kam millionlar, while Lorca is a photographer. She shot the music video for Cohen's song "Because Of" (2004), and worked as a photographer and videographer for his 2008–10 world tour. Cohen had three grandchildren: grandson Cassius through his son Adam, and granddaughter Viva and grandson Lyon through Lorca.^[162][163]

Cohen was in a relationship with French photographer Dominique Issermann 1980-yillarda. They worked together on several occasions: she shot his first two music videos for the songs "Dance Me to the End of Love" and "Avval Manxettenni olamiz " and her photographs were used for the covers of his 1993 book Musofir musiqasi va uning albomi Leonard Koenning eng yaxshisi and for the inside booklet of Men sizning odamingizman (1988), which he also dedicated to her.^[164] In 2010, she was also the official photographer of his world tour.

In the 1990s, Cohen was romantically linked to actress Rebekka De Mornay.^[165] De Mornay co-produced Cohen's 1992 album Kelajak, which is also dedicated to her with an inscription that quotes Rebekka 's coming to the well from the Ibtido kitobi 24-bob^[166] and giving drink to Eliezer 's camels, after he prayed for the help; Eliezer ("God is my help" in Hebrew) is part of Cohen's Hebrew name (Eliezer ben Nisan ha'Cohen), and Cohen sometimes referred to himself as "Eliezer Cohen" or even "Jikan Eliezer".^[167][168]

Religious beliefs and practices

Cohen was described as a Shanba kunini kuzatuvchi Jew in an article in The New York Times:

Mr. Cohen keeps the Sabbath even while on tour and performed for Israeli troops during the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. So how does he square that faith with his continued practice of Zen? "Allen Ginsberg asked me the same question many years ago", he said. "Well, for one thing, in the tradition of Zen that I've practiced, there is no prayerful worship and there is no affirmation of a deity. So theologically there is no challenge to any Jewish belief."^[169]

In his concert in Ramat Gan, Israel on September 24, 2009, Cohen spoke Jewish prayers and blessings to the audience in Hebrew. He opened the show with the first sentence of Ma Tovu. At the middle he used Baruch Hashem, and he ended the concert reciting the blessing of Birkat Cohanim.^[170]

Cohen had a brief phase around 1970 of being interested in a variety of world views, which he later described as "from the Communist party to the Republican Party. From Scientology to delusions of me as the High Priest rebuilding the Temple".^[171]

Cohen was involved with Buddizm beginning in the 1970s and was ordained a Buddhist priest in 1996; he continued to consider himself Jewish: "I'm not looking for a new religion. I'm quite happy with the old one, with Judaism."^[172] Beginning in the late 1970s, Cohen was associated with Buddhist monk and rōshi (venerable teacher) Kyozan Joshu Sasaki, regularly visiting him at Baldy Zen markazi and serving him as personal assistant during Cohen's period of reclusion at Mount Baldy monastery in the 1990s. Sasaki appears as a regular motif or addressee in Cohen's poetry, especially in his Sog'inish kitobi, and took part in a 1997 documentary about Cohen's monastery years, Leonard Cohen: Spring 1996. Cohen's 2001 album O'n yangi qo'shiq is dedicated to Joshu Sasaki.

In a 1993 interview entitled "I am the little Jew who wrote the Bible," he says, "at our best, we inhabit a biblical landscape, and this is where we should situate ourselves without apology. ... That biblical landscape is our urgent invitation ... Otherwise, it's really not worth saving or manifesting or redeeming or anything, unless we really take up that invitation to walk into that biblical landscape."

Cohen showed an interest in Iso as a universal figure, saying, "I'm very fond of Jesus Christ. He may be the most beautiful guy who walked the face of this earth. Any guy who says 'Blessed are the poor. Blessed are the meek' has got to be a figure of unparalleled generosity and insight and madness ... A man who declared himself to stand among the thieves, the prostitutes and the homeless. His position cannot be comprehended. It is an inhuman generosity. A generosity that would overthrow the world if it was embraced because nothing would weather that compassion. I'm not trying to alter the Jewish view of Jesus Christ. But to me, in spite of what I know about the history of legal Christianity, the figure of the man has touched me."^{[173][sahifa kerak ]}

Speaking about his religion in a 2007 interview for BBC radiosi 4 "s Old qator (partially re-broadcast on November 11, 2016) Cohen said:

Mening do'stim Brayan Jonson said of me that I'd never met a religion I didn't like. ... That's why I've tried to correct that impression [that Cohen was looking for another religion besides Judaism] because I very much feel part of that tradition and I practice that and my children practice it, so that was never in question. The investigations that I've done into other spiritual systems have certainly illuminated and enriched my understanding of my own tradition.^[174]

O'lim va o'lpon

Memorial in front of Cohen's residence in Montreal on November 12, 2016^[29]

Cohen died on November 7, 2016, at the age of 82 at his home in Los Angeles; leykemiya was a contributing cause.^{[175][176][177]} According to his manager, Cohen's death was the result of a fall at his home on the night of November 7, and he subsequently died in his sleep.^[178] His death was announced on November 10, the same day as his funeral, which was held in Montreal.^[179]As was his wish, Cohen was laid to rest with a Jewish rite, in a simple pine tobut, in a family plot.^[180][181]Tributes were paid by numerous stars and political figures.^{[182][183][184]} Citizens and officials in Montreal, where he spent his early life, considered honoring him by naming a street and other locations, including a library, after him.^[185]

The Saturday after Cohen's death, which was also the Saturday after Hillari Klinton da mag'lub bo'ldi 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi, Saturday Night Live efirga uzatilgan a sovuq ochiq unda Keyt Makkinnon kabi Hillari Klinton sang selected verses from "Hallelujah" while playing the piano.^[186]

The city of Montreal held a tribute concert to Cohen in December 2016, entitled "God is Alive, Magic Is Afoot" after a nasriy she'r uning romanida Beautiful Losers. It featured a number of musical performances and readings of Cohen's poetry.^[187][188]

Wall dedicated to Leonard Cohen in Montreal, by Gene Pendon and El Mac, 2017

A memorial also took place in Los Angeles. Cohen was survived by his two children and three grandchildren.^{[189][190][191]}

After Cohen's death, two tribute murals were created in the city the following summer. Artist Kevin Ledo painted a nine-story portrait of him near Cohen's home on Montreal's Mont-Royal platosi, and a 20-story fedora -clad likeness on Crescent Street, commissioned by the city of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts with Montreal artist, Gene Pendon, and L.A. artist, El Mac has dominated the city's downtown.^[192]

On November 6, 2017, the eve of the first anniversary of Cohen's death, the Cohen family organized a memorial concert entitled "Tower of Song" at the Bell Centre in Montreal. Fans and artists from all over the globe came together for an evening of spoken word and song that included performances by k.d. lang, Elvis Kostello, Feist, Adam Koen, Patrik Uotson, Sting, Damien Rice, Kortni Sevgi, Lumineers, Lana Del Rey va boshqalar.^[193][194] The star-studded tribute also included Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his wife Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, who appeared on stage to speak about their personal connection with Cohen's music.^[195]

An interactive exhibit dedicated to the life and career of Leonard Cohen opened on November 9, 2017 at Montreal's contemporary art museum (MAC) entitled "Leonard Cohen: Une Brèche en Toute Chose / A Crack in Everything" and ran until April 9, 2018.^[196][197] The exhibit had been in the works for several years prior to Cohen's death,^[192] as part of the official program of Montreal's 375th anniversary celebrations and broke the museum's attendance record in its five-month run.^[198][199] The exhibit embarked on an international tour, opening in New York City at the Yahudiylar muzeyi 2019 yil aprel oyida.^[200] A bronze statue of Cohen was unveiled in Vilnius, capital of Lithuania, on August 31, 2019.^[201]

Diskografiya

Studiya albomlari

Barcha chiqarilgan albomlar Columbia Records.

1. Leonard Koenning qo'shiqlari (1967)
2. Xonadagi qo'shiqlar (1969)
3. Sevgi va nafrat qo'shiqlari (1971)
4. New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974)
5. Ayollar odamining o'limi (1977)
6. So'nggi qo'shiqlar (1979)
7. Turli xil pozitsiyalar (1984)
8. Men sizning odamingizman (1988)
9. Kelajak (1992)
10. O'n yangi qo'shiq (2001)
11. Hurmatli Xezer (2004)
12. Eski g'oyalar (2012)
13. Ommabop muammolar (2014)
14. Siz uni qorong'i qilishni xohlaysiz (2016)
15. Raqs uchun tashakkur (2019)

Bibliografiya

She'riyat

To'plamlar

• Cohen, Leonard (1956). Mifologiyalarni taqqoslaylik. [McGill Poetry Series]. Chizmalar Freda Guttman. Montreal: Contact Press.
• Erning ziravorlar qutisi. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1961.^[202]
• Gitler uchun gullar. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1964 yil.^[202]
• Mifologiyalarni taqqoslaylik. [Reprint]. Drawings by Freda Guttman. Monreal: Makklelland va Styuart. 1966 yil.
• Osmon parazitlari. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1966.^[202]
• 1956-1968 yillarda tanlangan she'rlar. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1968 yil.^[202]
• Qullarning energiyasi. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1972. ISBN  0-7710-2204-2 ISBN  0-7710-2203-4 New York: Viking, 1973.^[202]
• Xotin erkakning o'limi. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1978. ISBN  0-7710-2177-1 London, New York: Viking, Penguin, 1979.^[202] – reissued 2010
• Mehr kitobi. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1984 yil.^[202] – reissued 2010
• Musofir musiqasi: Selected Poems and Songs. London, New York, Toronto: Cape, Pantheon, McClelland & Stewart, 1993.^[202] ISBN  0-7710-2230-1
• Sog'inish kitobi. London, New York, Toronto: Penguin, Ecco, McClelland & Stewart, 2006.^[202] (poetry, prose, drawings) ISBN  978-0-7710-2234-0
• Mifologiyalarni taqqoslaylik. [Reprint]. Drawings by Freda Guttman. Monreal: Makklelland va Styuart. 2006 yil.
• Mifologiyalarni taqqoslaylik. [First US ed.] Drawings by Freda Guttman. Nyu-York: Ecco Press. 2007 yil.
• The Lyrics of Leonard Cohen. London: Omnibus Press, 2009.^[202] ISBN  0-7119-7141-2
• She'rlar va qo'shiqlar. New York: Random House (Everyman's Library Pocket Poets), 2011.
• O'n besh she'r. New York: Everyman's Library/Random House, 2012. (eBook)
• Olov. London, New York, Toronto: Penguin, McClelland & Stewart, 2018. (poetry, prose, drawings, journal entries)

List of poems

Romanlar

• Sevimli o'yin. London, New York, Toronto: Secker & Warburg, Viking P, McClelland & Stewart, 1963.^[202] Reissued as The Favourite Game. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart [New Canadian Library], 1994. ISBN  978-0-7710-9954-0
• Beautiful Losers. New York, Toronto: Viking Press, McClelland & Stewart, 1966. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart [New Canadian Library], 1991. ISBN  978-0-7710-9875-8 McClelland & Stewart [Emblem], 2003.^[202] ISBN  978-0-7710-2200-5

Filmografiya

• Xonimlar va janoblar ... janob Leonard Koen (1965) – documentary co-directed by Don Ouen va Donald Brittain
• farishta (1966), man – experimental animatsion qisqa rejissor Derek May va uchun ishlab chiqarilgan Kanada milliy kino kengashi
• Poen (1967), narrator – short film featuring four readings of a prose poem from his novel Beautiful Losers^[203]
• Erni o'yini (1967), singer – feature film directed by Don Owen^[204]
• Men mehmonxonaman (1983), resident – 28 minutes televizor uchun tayyorlangan qisqa musiqiy film, written by Cohen and directed by Allan F. Nicholls^[205]
• Song of Leonard Cohen (1980) – documentary directed by Garri Raski for CBC filmed on Smokey Life Tour. After a phone call from Cohen in 2000, he and Rasky renewed their friendship and Rasky wrote based on his diary notes a book about the film: Leonard Koenning qo'shig'i.
• Mayami vitse S2E17 "French Twist" (1986), Francois Zolan^[206]
• The Tibetan Book of the Dead Part I: A Way of Life va The Tibetan Book of the Dead Part II: The Great Liberation (both 1994), narrator – documentary on Bardo Thodol rejissor Yukari Hayashi [nl ] and produced by the National Film Board of Canada in co-operation with NHK Japan. Released on DVD in 2004.
• Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man (2005) – documentary and concert film directed by Lian Lunson
• Leonard Koen: Simli qush – documentary directed by Tony Palmer during Cohen's 20-city European tour which started on March 18, 1972 in Dublin and ended on April 21, 1972 in Quddus. The original film premiered in 1974 at the Kamalak teatri and was for decades thought lost.^[207][208] A restored version from footage rediscovered in 2009 was released on DVD in 2010^[209] and the film was re-released theatrically in 2017.^[210]
• Al Purdy shu erda edi (2015) - Canadian documentary film directed by Brian D. Johnson.
• Marianne va Leonard: Sevgi so'zlari (2019, rejissyor tomonidan Nik Bromfild )

Mukofotlar va nominatsiyalar

Shuningdek qarang

Izohlar

Adabiyotlar

Qo'shimcha o'qish

• Burger, Jeff (2014). 'Leonard Koen Leonard Koen haqida: intervyular va uchrashuvlar. Chicago Review Press. ISBN  978-1-61374-758-2.
• Hofmann, Filipp (2010). Jismoniy kartografiyalar: Leonard Koenning romanlaridagi tanasi. Yoqilgan nashriyot. ISBN  978-3-643-11035-0.
• Nadel, Ira (1997). Turli xil pozitsiyalar: Leonard Koenning hayoti ' (1-nashr). Texas universiteti matbuoti. ISBN  0-292-71732-6.
• Quayle, Tereza (2016). Havoni buzish: Leonard Koenning so'zlari. ISBN  978-1-5411-6700-1.
• Ratkliff, Moris (1999). Leonard Koen musiqasi bo'yicha to'liq qo'llanma. Omnibus Press. ISBN  0-7119-7508-6.
• Rozemann, Filipp V. (2018). "Leonard Koen, faylasuf". Maynooth falsafiy hujjatlari. 9: 1–20. doi:10.5840 / mpp20181091. Olingan 4-noyabr, 2018.
• Skobi, Stiven (2000). Murakkab tayyorgarlik: Leonard Koenni yozish. ECW tugmasi. ISBN  1-55022-433-6.
• Simmons, Silvie (2012). Men sening odamingman: Leonard Koenning hayoti. HarperCollins. ISBN  9780224090636.

Tashqi havolalar

• Rasmiy veb-sayt
• Leonard Koen da Britannica entsiklopediyasi
• Leonard Koen da Curlie
• Leonard Koen kuni IMDb
• Stafford, Jeff (2010 yil 21 avgust). "Simli qush (1972)". TCM filmi Morlocks. Koenning Evropa safari haqidagi hujjatli hisobot
• "Leonard Koen". Rok-Roll shon-sharaf zali.
• Brittain, Donald; Ouen, Don (1965). "Xonimlar va janoblar ... janob Leonard Koen" (video). Hujjatli film. Kanadaning Milliy Film Kengashi (NFB).
• "Kanadalik she'riyat: tadqiqotlar / hujjatlar / sharhlar". Leonard Koen konferentsiyasining materiallari (1993 yil 22-24 oktyabr). Qizil kiyik kolleji. 33. Kuz 1993. Arxivlangan asl nusxasi 2016 yil 4 martda. Olingan 13 mart, 2011.
• Leonard Koen da Qabrni toping
• Leonard Koen: Hamma narsada yoriq da yahudiylar muzeyi, Nyu-York.
• Leonard Koenning Asturiya shahzodasini qabul qilish nutqi 2011 y