Myullerning hisoboti - Mueller report

The qayta tahrirlangan versiyasi Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvini tekshirish bo'yicha hisobot tomonidan jamoatchilikka e'lon qilindi Adliya vazirligi 2019 yil 18 aprelda.

Ushbu maqola qismidir haqida bir qator Donald Tramp
Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidenti Amaldagi prezident Prezidentlik O'tish Inauguratsiya Xronologiya Ijro etuvchi harakatlar e'lonlari afv etish Sayohatlar xalqaro Shimoliy Koreya sammitlari Singapur Xanoy DMZ Xelsinki sammiti O'chirish Yanvar 2018 2018–19 So'rovnomalar Sud ishlari Namoyishlar Avliyo Ioann cherkovining fotosurati Ijtimoiy tarmoqlar Bayonotlarning to'g'riligi Qotilliklar al-Bag'dodiy Soleymani Covid-19 pandemiyasi Vazifa kuchlari Aloqa Hukumatning javobi G'amxo'rlik to'g'risidagi qonun Warp Speed ​​operatsiyasi Oq uyning tarqalishi Ilmiy agentliklarga aralashish Uchrashuvlar Kabinet spekülasyon Elchilar Federal sudyalar Gorsuch Kavanaugh Barret Oliy sudga nomzodlar Ijrochilar AQSh advokatlari Avvalgi Komi Siyosatlar Iqtisodiyot soliq imtiyozlari ACA individual mandatini bekor qilish tariflar Xitoy savdo urushi Atrof muhit Parijdan chiqish Tashqi siyosat Amerika birinchi Eron bitimi Ko'rfaz inqirozi Quddus Golan balandliklari Trampning tinchlik rejasi Ibrohim kelishuvlari BAA Bahrayn Sudan USMCA Kosovo-Serbiya shartnomasi Immigratsiya sayohat qilishga taqiq devor oilaviy ajralish muhojirlarni hibsga olish qo'shinlarni joylashtirish milliy favqulodda holat Infratuzilma Ijtimoiy muammolar nasha Bo'shliq Kosmik kuchlar Impichment Dastlabki harakatlar Trump-Ukraina mojarosi So'rov va tinglovlar Senat sudi Prezidentlik kampaniyalari 2000 boshlang'ich saylovlar 2016 saylov boshlang'ich saylovlar tasdiqlash mitinglar anjuman munozaralar Hech qachon Trump harakati odamlar jinsiy zo'ravonlik ayblovlari Gollivudga kirish lenta ayblovlarni tinglash Spygate 2020 saylov boshlang'ich saylovlar tasdiqlash siyosiy siyosiy bo'lmagan muxolifat mitinglar anjuman munozaralar Saylovdagi firibgarliklar to'g'risidagi da'volarga GOP reaktsiyalari Rossiya bilan o'zaro aloqalar Rossiyadagi biznes loyihalar Saylovga aralashish vaqt jadvali 2016 yil iyulidan oldin 2016 yil iyul - saylov kuni mavzular Associatesning Rossiya rasmiylari bilan aloqalari Po'lat hujjatlar Trump minorasi uchrashuvi Maxfiy ma'lumotlarni oshkor qilish Maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi Crossfire dovuli ayblovlar Myullerning hisoboti Barr xati Senatning Razvedka qo'mitasi Rossiya hisoboti Ish va shaxsiy Biznes martaba Tramp tashkiloti boylik soliq deklaratsiyalari Media karerasi Shogird Kitoblar Filmografiya Eponimlar Oila Jamg'arma Ajdodlar Golf Hurmat Ommaviy madaniyatda SNL parodiyalar Huquqiy ishlar Bo'ronli Daniels Taxalluslar Taxalluslar Irqiy qarashlar Turar joylar

The Myullerning hisoboti, rasmiy ravishda nomlangan Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvini tekshirish bo'yicha hisobot, avvalgi xulosalar va xulosalarni hujjatlashtirgan rasmiy hisobot Maxsus maslahatchi Robert Myuller "s tergov ichiga Rossiyaning aralashishga urinishlari ichida 2016 yil AQSh prezident saylovi, fitna yoki muvofiqlashtirish ayblovlari o'rtasida Donald Tramp "s prezidentlik kampaniyasi va Rossiya va ayblovlari odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish. Hisobot taqdim etildi Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr 2019 yil 22 martda,^[1] va a qayta tahrirlangan 448 betlik hisobotning versiyasi Adliya vazirligi (DOJ) 2019 yil 18 aprelda. Ikki jildga bo'lingan. Hisobotdagi tahrirlar va uni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi materiallar Prezident Trampning vaqtinchalik "himoya bayonoti" ostida ijro etuvchi imtiyoz 2019 yil 8 maydan boshlab, materialning o'tishiga to'sqinlik qiladi Kongress,^[2] avvalroq Barrning Tramp "imtiyoz" bermasligini "tasdiqlaganiga" ishontirishiga qaramay.^[3]

I jild Hisobotning xulosasiga ko'ra, tergov kampaniyaning "Rossiya hukumati bilan saylovga aralashish faoliyatida muvofiqlashtirilganligi yoki fitna uyushtirgani" to'g'risida etarli dalillarni topa olmadi.^[4][5][6] Oxir oqibat tergovchilar shifrlangan, o'chirilgan yoki saqlanmagan kommunikatsiyalar tufayli va yolg'on, to'liq bo'lmagan yoki rad etilgan ko'rsatuvlar tufayli sodir bo'lgan voqealar haqida to'liq ma'lumotga ega emas edilar.^[7][8][9] Biroq, hisobotda ta'kidlanishicha, Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvi noqonuniy va "keng qamrovli va muntazam ravishda" sodir bo'lgan.^[10][11][12] ammo Tramp kampaniyasi tomonidan mamnuniyat bilan kutib olindi, chunki u bunday sa'y-harakatlardan foyda ko'rishi kerak edi.^[13][14][15] Shuningdek, u aniqlaydi Trump kampaniyasi rasmiylari va Rossiya hukumati bilan aloqasi bo'lgan shaxslar o'rtasidagi aloqalar,^[16] bu haqda kampaniyaga aloqador bir nechta shaxs yolg'on bayonotlar bergan va tergovga to'sqinlik qilgan.^[4] Keyinchalik Myuller Rossiyaning aralashuvi bo'yicha uning tergov xulosasi "har bir amerikalikning e'tiboriga loyiq" ekanligini ta'kidladi.^[17]

II jild Hisobotda odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish masalalari ko'rib chiqilgan. Tergov qasddan Trampning jinoyat sodir etganligi to'g'risida hukm chiqara olmaydigan yondashuvni oldi,^[18][19][20] itoat etish Huquqiy maslahat xizmati (OLC) o'tirgan prezident jinoiy javobgarlikka tortilmasligi to'g'risida fikr,^[21][22][23] ayblovlar Trampning boshqaruviga va ustunligiga ta'sir qilishidan qo'rqib impichment^[19][22][24] va Trampni ayblovsiz yoki sudsiz ayblash ayblov adolatsiz bo'lar edi, deb o'ylardi.^[21][22][25] Shunday qilib, tergov "Prezident jinoyat sodir etgan degan xulosaga kelmaydi"; ammo, "bu ham uni oqlamaydi",^[26][27] Trampning aybsizligiga amin bo'lmagan tergovchilar bilan.^{[28][29][30][31]} Hisobotda tasvirlangan Tramp prezidentlik paytida va u saylanmasdan oldin adolatni to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin bo'lgan o'nta epizod,^[32][33] xususiy ravishda "tergovni nazorat qilishga" harakat qilganini ta'kidlab.^[34][35][36] Bundan tashqari, hisobotda aytilishicha, Kongress Trampning adolatga to'sqinlik qilish-qilmasligi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilishi va tegishli choralar ko'rishi mumkin^[19][37][38] impichmentga murojaat qilish.^[39][40]

24 martda Barr Kongress a to'rt sahifali xat hisobot xulosalarini batafsil bayon qilish. 27 mart kuni Myuller Barrga shaxsiy maktubida yozib, 24 martdagi Barr xati "ushbu idora ishi va xulosalarining mazmuni, mohiyati va mohiyatini to'liq qamrab olmaganligini" va bu "jamoat chalkashliklariga" olib kelganini aytdi.^[41] Barr Myullerning to'liq hisobot oldidan hisobotning kirish va ijro etuvchi xulosalarini e'lon qilish haqidagi iltimosini rad etdi.^[42] Shuningdek, 24 mart kuni Barrning xatida u va Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn Trampning odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilganligini "isbotlash uchun etarli emas" degan xulosaga keldi.^[43][44] 1-may kuni Barr Trampni "adolat vazirligi bunday qilmaydi" deb to'sqinlik qilishda "oqlamaganligini" ko'rsatdi.^[45] va u ham, Rozenshteyn ham hisobotdagi asosiy dalillarni ko'rib chiqmaganligi.^[46] 2019 yil iyul oyida Myuller Kongressga prezidentga jinoyatlar uchun ayblov e'lon qilinishi mumkinligi to'g'risida guvohlik berdi, shu jumladan ular ishdan ketganlaridan keyin odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish.^[47] 2020 yilda respublikachilar tomonidan tayinlangan federal sudya, agar hisobotni o'zgartirish qonuniy bo'lsa, shaxsan ko'rib chiqishga qaror qildi. Sudyaning ta'kidlashicha, Barrning hisobot xulosalari haqidagi "chalg'ituvchi" bayonotlari uni Barr Tramp uchun maqbul bo'lgan "bir tomonlama rivoyat" ni o'rnatishga uringani haqida gumon qilishga sabab bo'lgan.^[48][49]

Fon

Buyurtma Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn, 2017 yil 17 mayda tayinlangan maxsus maslahat tergov qilish Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi^[50]

Maktub Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Bosh prokurori Uilyam Barr rahbarlarini xabardor qilib, 2019 yil 22 martda Uy va Senat sud qo'mitalari tergov xulosasi to'g'risida

Tergov uchun turtki

2017 yil 9-may kuni, Prezident Donald Tramp sobiq ishdan bo'shatilgan Federal tergov byurosi direktori, Jeyms Komi kim davom etayotganiga rahbarlik qilgan Federal tergov byurosi (FQB) tergovi Trampning sheriklari va Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalar.^[51][52] Ushbu tergov, kod nomi bilan nomlangan Crossfire dovuli, 2016 yil iyul oyida Avstraliya hukumati AQSh rasmiylariga shunday maslahat berganidan keyin boshlandi Jorj Papadopulos, Trump kampaniyasida tashqi siyosat bo'yicha maslahatchisi, 2016 yil may oyida ularning diplomatlaridan biri bilan uchrashgan va "Tramp jamoasi Rossiyadan qandaydir taklif olganligini" Rossiya Xillari Klintonga zarar etkazadigan ma'lumotni chiqarishi mumkinligi haqida.^[53][54] Papadopolous bu taklifni 2016 yil aprelida, Rossiyada Klinton (va Demokratik milliy qo'mita 2016 yil iyun oyida Rossiya xakerligi sodir bo'lganligini e'lon qilgan edi).^[55][56] Keyinchalik Papadopulos bu "zararli ma'lumot" ning Demokratik partiyadan o'g'irlangan elektron pochta xabarlari shaklida bo'lganligi to'g'risida guvohlik berdi.^[57]

130 dan ortiq demokrat qonunchilar Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Kongressi chaqirdi maxsus maslahat Komining ishdan bo'shatilishiga reaktsiya sifatida tayinlanishi kerak.^[58] CNN Komining ishdan bo'shatilishidan sakkiz kun o'tgach, Trampga nisbatan Federal qidiruv byurosi tergov o'tkazganligi haqida xabar berdi odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish o'sha paytda FBI direktori vazifasini bajaruvchi tomonidan ochilgan, Endryu Makkeyb, kim bir nechta sabablarni keltirdi, shu jumladan Komining otib tashlanishi.^[59] Keyinchalik Makkeyb Federal qidiruv byurosidan chetlatilgandan so'ng, u to'siq bo'yicha tergovni boshlaganini tasdiqladi va uning boshlanishi uchun qo'shimcha sabablarni keltirdi.^[60]

Media-ni ijro etish

Keyin-Bosh prokuror Jeff Sessions uning e'lon qilish rad etish 2017 yil mart oyida Trump kampaniyasi bo'yicha tergovlardan

Komi ishdan bo'shatilganidan sakkiz kun o'tgach,Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn tayinlangan Robert Myuller, ostida 28 CFR § 600.1, mavjud FBIni qabul qilish va kengaytirish uchun maxsus maslahat sifatida qarshi razvedka mumkin bo'lgan tergov Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi, shuningdek Trampning sheriklari va Komi rahbarlik qilgan Rossiya rasmiylari o'rtasidagi aloqalar bo'yicha Federal qidiruv byurosi tergovi.^[52][61][62] Maxsus maslahatchi, shuningdek, Prezident Trampning Komi bilan adolatga to'sqinlik qilgan-qilmagani bo'yicha Federal qidiruv byurosini tekshirishni o'z zimmasiga oldi.^[59] Rozenshteynning Myullerni tayinlash vakolati Bosh prokuror tufayli paydo bo'ldi Jeff Sessions 2017 yil mart rad etish Trump kampaniyasi bo'yicha tergovlardan o'zi.^[52][62][63]

Amal qilish doirasi va vakolati

Uning vakolatli hujjatiga binoan,^[50] 2017 yil 17 mayda o'sha paytdagi Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn tomonidan imzolangan, tergov doirasiga Prezident o'rtasida aloqalar yoki muvofiqlashtirish borligi haqidagi da'volar kiritilgan Donald Tramp "s prezidentlik kampaniyasi va Rossiya hukumati^[64][65] shuningdek, "tergov bilan bevosita bog'liq bo'lgan yoki yuzaga keladigan har qanday masalalar".^[50] Vakolatli hujjat "doirasidagi boshqa har qanday masalalarni ham o'z ichiga olgan 28 CFR § 600.4 (a)";^[50] kabi maxsus advokatni "tergov qilishga xalaqit beradigan har qanday urinishlarni" tergov qilish va jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish uchun imkon berish yolg'on guvohlik berish, odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish, dalillarni yo'q qilish va guvohlarni qo'rqitish ".^[66]

Tergov jarayoni

Maxsus maslahatchining tekshiruvi 2017 yil 17 maydan 2019 yil 22 martgacha davom etdi va natijada yakunlandi o'ttiz to'rt ayblov ayblovi, shu jumladan a .ning bir necha sobiq a'zolariga qarshi Trump kampaniyasi va ularning ko'plari hali ham sud qilinmoqda. Tergov 2800 dan oshiq chiqargan chaqiruv varaqalari, deyarli 500 kishini qatl etdi qidiruv orderlari va 500 ga yaqin guvoh bilan suhbatlashdi.^[67]

Myullerning hisobotida boshqa idoralarga yuborilgan 14 ta jinoyat ishi bo'yicha ma'lumotnomalar mavjud bo'lib, ulardan 12 tasi 18-aprel kuni chiqarilganida to'liq qayta ko'rib chiqilgan. Bilan bog'liq qolgan ikkitasi Maykl Koen va Gregori Kreyg, allaqachon ommaviy bo'lgan ishlar.^[68]

Topilmalar

I jild

I jild hisobotning 1-betidan boshlanib, Rossiyaning aralashuvi va Trampning prezidentlik kampaniyasi va Rossiya o'rtasidagi fitna yoki koordinatsiya ayblovlariga bag'ishlangan.^[69]

Rossiya aralashuvi

Myullerning hisobotida aytilishicha, Rossiya hukumati "2016 yilgi prezident saylovlariga keng qamrovli va muntazam ravishda aralashgan" va "AQSh jinoyat qonunlarini buzgan".^[11][12][70] Hisobotda Rossiyaning saylovlarga ta'sir o'tkazishga urinishining ikkita usuli berilgan.^[71][72]

Ijtimoiy media aksiyasi

Rossiya aralashuvining birinchi usuli Internet tadqiqot agentligi (IRA), "prezidentlikka nomzod Donald J. Trampni va prezidentlik nomzodini kamsitgan ijtimoiy media kampaniyasini olib bordi Hillari Klinton ".^[26] AIR shuningdek "Qo'shma Shtatlarda siyosiy va ijtimoiy kelishmovchiliklarni qo'zg'atishga va kuchaytirishga" intildi.^[73][74]

2016 yil fevral oyiga qadar IRA ning ichki hujjatlari Donald Tramp va Berni Sanders, AIR a'zolari Hillari Klinton va boshqa nomzodlarni "tanqid qilish uchun har qanday imkoniyatdan foydalanishlari" kerak edi.^[75] 2016 yil iyun oyidan boshlab AIR AQShda saylov mitinglarini uyushtirdi va Trampning saylovoldi kampaniyasini "tez-tez targ'ib qiladi" va Klintonning kampaniyasiga "qarshi" chiqdi.^[76] AIR o'zlarini amerikaliklar sifatida ko'rsatib, o'zlarining ruslarini yashirgan holda, Trump kampaniyasi a'zolaridan mitinglar uchun tugmachalar, varaqalar va plakatlarni so'ragan. Myullerning hisobotida IRA 3500 dan oshiq pul uchun 100000 dollar sarf qilgani haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan Facebook reklamalari Klintonga qarshi va Trampni qo'llab-quvvatlovchi reklamalarni o'z ichiga olgan.^[77]

Hisobotda IRA tomonidan yaratilgan guruhlar ro'yxati keltirilgan Facebook "da'vo qilingan konservativ guruhlar" (masalan, "Choy partiyasi yangiliklari"), "qora tanli ijtimoiy adolat guruhlari" (masalan, "Blacktivist") "LGBTQ guruhlari" (masalan, "LGBT Yunayted") va "diniy guruhlar" (masalan, "Birlashgan") Amerika musulmonlari ').^[77] IRA Twitter akkauntlariga @TEN_GOP (o'zaro bog'liqligini da'vo qilgan) kiritilgan Tennesi Respublikachilar partiyasi ), @jenn_abrams va @ Pamela_Moore13 (ikkalasi ham Trampning tarafdorlari deb da'vo qilishgan va ikkalasida ham 70 ming izdosh bo'lgan).^[78] Trumpning bir nechta saylov kampaniyasi a'zolari (Donald J. Tramp kichik, Erik Tramp, Kellyanne Conway, Bred Parscale va Maykl Flinn ) yuqorida sanab o'tilgan IRA-ning @TEN_GOP Twitter akkauntidan bog'langan yoki qayta joylashtirilgan material. IRA ijtimoiy media hisoblariga javob bergan boshqa odamlar orasida Maykl Makfol, Shon Xanniti, Rojer Stoun va Maykl G. Flinn (Maykl Flinnning o'g'li).^[79]

Materialni buzish va ozod qilish

Ushbu bo'lim kengayishga muhtoj. Siz yordam berishingiz mumkin unga qo'shilish. (2019 yil may)

Rossiya aralashuvining ikkinchi usuli rus tilini ko'rdi harbiy razvedka agentlik GRU ko'ngillilar va Klinton prezidentlik kampaniyasining xodimlariga, shu jumladan saylov kampaniyasi raisiga tegishli elektron pochta hisoblarini buzish Jon Podesta, shuningdek "kompyuter tarmoqlarini buzish" Demokratik Kongressning tashviqot qo'mitasi (DCCC) va Demokratik milliy qo'mita (DNC) ". Natijada GRU yuz minglab xakerlik hujjatlarini qo'lga kiritdi va GRU xakerlik materiallarini chiqarishni tashkil qilish orqali davom etdi. WikiLeaks tashkilot va shuningdek, GRUning soxta shaxslari "DCLeaks "va"Guccifer 2.0 ".^[80][81][82]

Fitna yoki muvofiqlashtirish

Rossiyaning aralashuviga nisbatan Tramp kampaniyasi a'zolari tomonidan jinoyat sodir etilganligini aniqlash uchun tergovchilar "til biriktirish" tushunchasini emas, balki "fitna qonunchiligi doirasini qo'lladilar", chunki til biriktirish o'ziga xos jinoyat yoki javobgarlik nazariyasi emas. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari kodeksida ham, federal jinoyat qonunchiligida ham san'at atamasi emas ".^[83][84] Ular, shuningdek, Trump kampaniyasi a'zolari Rossiya bilan "muvofiqlashtirilgan" bo'lsa, "muvofiqlashtirish" ta'rifidan "Trump kampaniyasi va Rossiya hukumati o'rtasida saylovlarga aralashish to'g'risida kelishuv - jim yoki aniq" kelishuvga ega. Tergovchilar qo'shimcha ravishda "muvofiqlashtirishni o'rnatish uchun shunchaki" ikki tomon boshqalarning xatti-harakatlari yoki manfaatlari to'g'risida xabardor qilingan yoki ularga javob beradigan xatti-harakatlarni amalga oshirishi "etarli emas edi.^[85][86]

Tergov natijalariga ko'ra Trump saylov kampaniyasi maslahatchilari va Rossiya hukumatiga aloqador shaxslar o'rtasida saylovdan oldin va keyin 100 dan ortiq aloqalar bo'lgan, ammo dalillar noqonuniy fitnani ko'rsatish uchun etarli emas edi.^[87] The New York Times hisobotda "janob Tramp va uning sheriklari, Rossiya fuqarolari va WikiLeaks yoki ularning vositachilari" o'rtasidagi 140 ga yaqin aloqalarni taxmin qilishgan.^[88]

Maxsus maslahatchi Rossiya hukumati Trump kampaniyasi bilan aloqa o'rnatishga harakat qilgan ikkita usulni aniqladi. "Tergovda AIR va Trump Kampaniyasi a'zolari o'rtasida ikki xil aloqaning shakllari aniqlandi. [...] Birinchidan, Trump kampaniyasining a'zolari va surrogatlari ko'p hollarda targ'ib qilingan - odatda bog'lanish, retweetlash yoki shu kabi repostlarni joylashtirish usullari. - Eron tomonidan Eron tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan ijtimoiy tarmoqlardagi akkauntlar orqali e'lon qilingan Trump-ga qarshi yoki Klintonga qarshi kontent.Bundan tashqari, bir nechta holatlarda, Eronning xodimlari Trump kampaniyasi a'zolari bilan muloqot qilish uchun o'zlarini AQSh shaxslari sifatida namoyish etishdi va yordam so'rashdi. Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari ichidagi IRA tomonidan uyushtirilgan siyosiy mitinglarni muvofiqlashtirish ", deyiladi hisobotda.^[70]

Ikkinchidan, hisobotda a Trump minorasida uchrashuv 2016 yil iyun oyida. Uchrashuvning maqsadi "axloqsizlik" ni almashtirish edi Klinton kampaniyasi. Kichik Tramp otasiga aytgan degan taxminlar bor edi. Biroq, maxsus maslahatchi u qilgan biron bir dalil topa olmadi.^[70] Idora ikki sababga ko'ra ayblovlarni ta'qib qilishni rad etdi: idora "javob beradigan dalillarni olmadi" dalil yuki printsipi a oqilona shubha saylovoldi tashviqoti mansabdor shaxslari o'zlarining xatti-harakatlarining noqonuniyligi to'g'risida umumiy ma'lumotga ega bo'lganligi; ikkinchidan, idora va'da qilingan ma'lumotni baholashda qiynalishini kutgan, "jinoiy buzilish chegarasidan oshgan" jinoiy buzilish uchun 2000 dollar va 25000 dollar jinoyat jazo.^[89]

Hisobotda tergovchilarning ma'lumot olishga qodir bo'lgan bir nechta to'siqlari, shu jumladan ularning guvohlarini chaqirganligi haqida ma'lumotlar keltirilgan Beshinchi o'zgartirish o'z-o'zini ayblashga qarshi huquq, guvohlarning elektron aloqalarni o'chirishi yoki shifrlangan yoki o'z-o'zini yo'q qiladigan xabar tarqatish dasturlaridan foydalanishi, advokatlar yoki ommaviy axborot vositalarining a'zosi ekanliklarini tasdiqlovchi shaxslar bilan suhbatlashish cheklovlari, qonuniy imtiyoz tufayli tergovchilardan tekshirilgan chaqiriqlar orqali olingan ma'lumotlar va yolg'on yoki guvohlar tomonidan taqdim etilgan to'liq bo'lmagan ko'rsatmalar.^{[7][8][90][9][91]}

Fitna yoki kelishuv isbotlanmagan bo'lsa-da, Myullerning hisobotida ko'plab yolg'on savollar qoldirildi, masalan, Trampning sheriklari va rossiyaliklar o'rtasida ular yolg'on gapirgan son-sanoqsiz maxfiy aloqalar, Myullerning so'zlari bilan "Rossiyaning aralashuvi yoki ta'siriga urinishning uchinchi yo'lidir", deganmi? 2016 yilgi prezident saylovlari to'g'risida " Benjamin Vittes bu haqda yozgan:

Boshqacha qilib aytganda, bu aloqalar qanday faol hikoya qilmasa, hikoya qiladi? Ular, albatta, begunoh emaslar. Ular prezidentlik kampaniyasi uchun odatiy biznes amaliyoti emas. Myuller ular Rossiyaning aralashuvi uchun qandaydir uchinchi yo'lni tashkil etganmi, deb so'raganida, u haqiqatan ham o'zi uchun mavjud bo'lgan prokuratura tilida ulardan qanday foydalanishni so'raydi ... Mening fikrimcha, baribir, Myuller ushbu bo'limda aytib o'tgan voqea . Bu jinoyat bo'lmasligi mumkin, lekin bu juda chuqur xiyonat.^[92]

Jorj Kroner Tashqi siyosat tadqiqot instituti o'z tashvishlarini Myuller tomonidan jamoatchilik odatda "muvofiqlashtirish" deb talqin qiladigan narsalarga nisbatan "qiziquvchan" yondashuv deb ta'riflaganligi bilan izohladi. U Myullerning rasmiy "sukutli kelishuv" yondashuviga bog'liqligini "o'ta ehtiyotkorlik" va "qonuniy qurilish" deb biladi:

Ko'pgina odamlar uchun, bir muncha vaqt, doimiy parallel xatti-harakatlar va ishtirokchilar o'rtasidagi "bir nechta bog'lanishlar" tobora ko'proq xatti-harakatlarning tasodifan parallel ravishda emas, balki muvofiqlashtirilganligini ko'rsatmoqda .... [Men] ko'pchilikni Maxsus Maslahatchilarning aralashtirib yuborishi ajablanarli emas. jamoatchilik tomonidan qabul qilingan narsa to'g'risida xulosa chiqarishga qodir emasligi yoki rad etilishi raison d'être surishtiruv.^[93]

II jild

II jild rasmiy shaxsning 208-betidan boshlanadi PDF hisobot fayli va odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin bo'lgan holatlar haqida batafsil ma'lumot.^{[94][95][96][97]} Faylda sahifalarni raqamlash II jild bilan qayta boshlanadi.^[97]

Trampning Myuller tayinlanishiga munosabati

Xabarda aytilishicha, Myuller maxsus maslahatchi etib tayinlanganini bilgach, Tramp: "Ey Xudoyim. Bu dahshatli. Bu mening prezidentlik muddatim tugadi. Men jabr ko'rdim", deb aytgan Jeff Seshnsga, ular uchrashuv o'tkazayotganda. ichida Oval ofis.^[98][99] "Siz meni himoya qilishingiz kerak edi", - deya esladi Sessions Tramp unga aytgan so'zlarini. "Hamma menga, agar siz ushbu mustaqil maslahatlardan birini qabul qilsangiz, bu sizning prezidentligingizni buzadi. Bu yillar va yillar davom etadi va men hech narsa qila olmayman. Bu men bilan bo'lgan eng yomon narsa", dedi Tramp keyinchalik. sessiyalarga va Jodi Xant, Sessionsning o'sha paytdagi shtabi rahbari.^[99]

Odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish

Sud odil sudloviga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida, hisobotda tergov "Prezidentning Rossiyadagi saylovlarga aralashuvi bilan bog'liq bo'lgan asosiy jinoyatda ishtirok etganligi aniqlanmaganligi" ta'kidlangan, ammo tergovchilar sudga to'sqinlik qilish "shaxsning asosini sodir etganligidan qat'i nazar, sodir bo'lishi mumkin" deb yozgan. noto'g'ri ".^[100][101] Tramp, Barr, Rudy Giuliani va boshqalar qat'iyan va noto'g'riligicha, agar shaxs asosiy jinoyat sodir qilmasa, shaxs odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qila olmaydi.^{[qo'shimcha tushuntirish kerak ][102][103][104][105]}

Hisobot sud odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilayotgani to'g'risida "Prezident jinoyat sodir etgan degan xulosaga kelmaydi, shuningdek uni oqlamaydi". Maxsus advokatura "an'anaviy prokuratura qarorini chiqarmaslik to'g'risida" qaror qabul qilganligi sababli, ular "Prezidentning xatti-harakatlari to'g'risida yakuniy xulosa chiqarmadilar". Hisobotda "prezident jinoyat sodir etgan degan xulosaga kelilmagan",^[26] tergovchilar qaroriga ko'ra "prezident jinoyat sodir etganligi to'g'risida qaror chiqarishi mumkin bo'lgan yondashuvni qo'llamaslikka".^[18][37][19] Tergovchilar ikkita asosiy sababga ko'ra Trampni jinoyatda ayblash-qilmaslik to'g'risida qaror chiqarmadi: Birinchidan, tergov DOJ tomonidan bajarilgan Huquqiy maslahat xizmati (OLC) 2000 yilda yozilgan fikricha, o'tirgan prezident federal javobgarlikka tortilishi mumkin emas, bu tergov boshlanishidan kelib chiqqan.^{[21][22][106]} Ikkinchidan, tergovchilar Trampni ayblamoqchi emas edilar, chunki federal jinoiy ayblov o'tirgan prezidentning "prezidentlik qoidalariga zid bo'lgan konstitutsiyaviy jarayonni boshqarish qobiliyatiga to'sqinlik qilishi" ga to'sqinlik qiladi,^[107] uchun izoh bilan impichment.^[108] Hatto ayblovlar maxfiy eslatma yoki Trampning prezidentligi tugaguniga qadar muhrlangan zaryadlovchi hujjatda tavsiya etilgan bo'lsa ham, ma'lumotlar oshkor bo'lishi mumkin.^[19][22][70] Bundan tashqari, maxsus advokatlik idorasi Trampni ayblovsiz jinoyat sodir etganlikda ayblashning muqobil variantini rad etdi. Tergovchilar ushbu muqobil variant Trampga nisbatan adolatsiz bo'lishini his qilishdi, chunki Tramp o'z ismini o'chirib tashlaydigan sud bo'lmaydi.^[21][22][34]

Maxsus advokatlik idorasi Trampning adolatli to'siq bo'lganligi sababli ularni oqlamadi, chunki ular Trampning aniq aybsiz ekanligiga ishonchlari komil emas, ular "Prezidentning harakatlari va niyatlari to'g'risida qo'lga kiritilgan dalillarni" o'rganib chiqishdi.^{[28][29][30][39]} "Tergov davomida Prezident tomonidan huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari tergoviga ortiqcha ta'sir o'tkazishga qodir bo'lgan bir nechta harakatlar aniqlandi, shu jumladan Rossiya aralashuvi va to'sqinlik qilish bo'yicha tergovlar".^[109] Xabarda qayd etilishicha, Tramp o'zining shaxsan sud odil sudloviga to'sqinlik qilganligi uchun tergov qilinayotganidan xabardor bo'lganidan so'ng, "tergovga va unda ishtirok etgan shaxslarga qarshi ommaviy hujumlar uyushtirgan, ular prezidentga salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatadigan dalillarga ega bo'lishi mumkin. tergovni nazorat qilish bo'yicha bir qator maqsadli harakatlar. "^[34] Biroq, Prezident Trampning "tergovga ta'sir o'tkazish bo'yicha harakatlari asosan muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchradi, ammo bu asosan Prezidentni o'rab turgan shaxslar buyruqlarni bajarishdan yoki uning so'rovlarini bajarishdan bosh tortganliklari bilan bog'liq". Bu "Prezidentning yordamchilari va sheriklariga nisbatan ilgari ilgari surilgan sudlovchilarga nisbatan" odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilishni oldini oldi.^{[34][35][110][111]}

Hisobotda ta'kidlanishicha, Kongress Trampning odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilgan-qilmaganligi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilish vakolatiga ega, so'ngra to'siqlar paydo bo'lgan taqdirda qo'shimcha choralar ko'radi va tergovchilar quyidagilarni yozadilar: "Kongress to'sqinlik to'g'risidagi qonunlarni prezidentning ofis vakolatlarini buzgan holda amalga oshirishi uchun to'sqinlik to'g'risidagi qonunlarni qo'llashi mumkin degan xulosa. bizning muvozanat va muvozanat konstitutsiyaviy tizimimiz va hech kim qonundan ustun emas degan tamoyil. " Ushbu ibora Kongressni boshlashi mumkin bo'lgan havola sifatida talqin qilingan impichment jarayoni Prezident Trampga qarshi.^{[19][34][37][39][112]}

Gumon qilingan obstruktsiyaning epizodlari

Kabi ba'zi manbalar FactCheck.org, PBS NewsHour va The New York Times hisobotni Tramp adolatga to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin bo'lgan o'n bitta epizodni batafsil tasvirlab bering; prezidentlikka nomzod yoki saylangan prezident sifatida bitta epizod va Tramp prezident bo'lgan paytdagi o'nta epizod:^{[32][33][113]}

Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barrning ta'kidlashicha, to'sqinlik qilishning o'nta epizodi mavjud.^[114] Kabi boshqa manbalar Washington Post va Tepalik o'nta epizod haqida xabar bering; ikkalasi ham Tramp prezidentlikka nomzod yoki saylangan prezident bo'lgan epizodni tashlab qo'yishadi.^[28][115] CBS News ishtirok etgan qismni qoldirib, o'nta epizodni sanaydi Kori Levandovski.^[116]

Quinta Jurecic, boshqaruvchi muharriri Qonunbuzarlik, hisobotda Myullerning ushbu epizodlarni tahlilini soddalashtirish va sarhisob qilish uchun jadval tuzdi. Jurecic Tramp prezidentlikka nomzod yoki saylangan prezident bo'lgan paytdagi epizodni tahlil qilmaydi.^[117]

Trump kampaniyasining Rossiyaning qo'llab-quvvatlashiga javobi

Ma'ruzaning II jildining A qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

Xabarda aytilishicha, to'sqinlik qilish bo'yicha birinchi ish 2016 yilgi prezidentlik kampaniyasi paytida, "Rossiya hukumati nomzod Trampni aniq qo'llab-quvvatlashi to'g'risida" savollar paydo bo'lgan. Xabarda aytilishicha, Tramp ochiqchasiga shubha bilan qaragan bo'lsa-da, Rossiya Demokratik amaldorlarning elektron pochta xabarlarini tarqatgan, Tramp va uning yordamchilari ham "har qanday rejalashtirilgan WikiLeaks-ning chiqarilishi" haqida ma'lumot olishga harakat qilishgan.^[118][116] Hisobotga ko'ra, WikiLeaks chiqarilgandan ko'p o'tmay,^{[qaysi? ]} Rik Geyts, keyin saylov kampaniyasi raisining o'rinbosari bormoqchi edi LaGuardia aeroporti Trump telefon qilganida Trump bilan. Qo'ng'iroqdan so'ng "nomzod Tramp Geytsga zararli ma'lumotlarning yana chiqarilishi kutilayotganini aytdi".^[119][32] Shuningdek, hisobotda ta'kidlanishicha, Tramp Rossiya bilan hech qanday aloqaga ega emasligini aytgan Moskvadagi Trump minorasi. "Saylovdan so'ng Prezident maslahatchilarga Rossiyadagi saylovlarga aralashuvi haqidagi xabarlar jamoatchilikni uning saylovining qonuniyligiga shubha ostiga qo'yishi mumkinligi to'g'risida xavotir bildirdi".^{[120][116][121]}

Maykl Flinn tergovidagi prezidentning xatti-harakatlari

Hisobotning II jildining B qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

Hisobotda qisqacha bayon qilingan Maykl Flinn Trampning birinchi milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchisi, Rossiya elchisi bilan aloqada Sergey Kislyak, qisqa vaqtdan keyin Obama ma'muriyati 2016 yil 29 dekabrda Rossiyaga qarshi sanktsiyalar joriy qildi.^[122][123] O'sha kuni, K. T. Makfarland, "kim bo'lishini rejalashtirgan Milliy xavfsizlik bo'yicha maslahatchining o'rinbosari ... telefon orqali Flinn Kislyakka sanksiyalar to'g'risida nima gaplashishi kerakligi haqida gapirdi ".^[124] Hisobotda ushbu suhbatlar asosida tafsilotlar keltirilgan ", - McFarland Flinnga ma'muriyatning kelayotgan rasmiylari haqida xabar berdi Mar-a-Lago Rossiyaning vaziyatni keskinlashtirishini istamadi ". Sobiq shtab boshlig'i Reince Priebus "McFarland yig'ilishda sanktsiyalar bilan bog'liq vaziyat" sovib ketishi "va eskirmasligi mumkinligi haqida eslatgan bo'lishi mumkinligini esladi".^[125][126] Priebusning eslatishicha, saylangan prezident Tramp sanksiyalarni "Obama ma'muriyati tomonidan o'z saylovini delegatsiyalashtirish orqali xijolat qilishga urinish sifatida" ko'rib chiqqan.^[127][126] O'sha kuni kechqurun Flinn Kislyakka qo'ng'iroq qilib, Rossiyaning AQShning yangi joylashtirilgan sanktsiyalariga qanday javob berishi kerakligini so'radi: "vaziyatni kuchaytirmasdan, faqat o'zaro tartibda".^{[128][129][130]} Shundan so'ng, Flinn MakFarlandga qo'ng'iroq haqida ma'lumot berdi. Flinnning ta'kidlashicha, Rossiyaning sanktsiyalarga bo'lgan munosabati «eskalator bo'lmaydi, chunki Rossiya bu bilan yaxshi munosabatlarni istaydi Trump ma'muriyati ".^[131][130] 30 dekabr kuni Rossiya prezidenti Vladimir Putin Rossiya "o'sha paytdagi sanktsiyalarga javoban javob choralarini ko'rmasligini va buning o'rniga" rejalarini tuzishini "e'lon qildi ... qayta tiklash bo'yicha keyingi choralar. Rossiya-AQSh munosabatlari asosida Tramp ma'muriyatining siyosati '".^[132] Tramp ushbu xabarga "Kechiktirishga qaratilgan ajoyib harakat (V. Putin tomonidan) - men uni har doim juda aqlli ekanligini bilar edim!"^[132][133] Hisobotda Tramp ogohlantirgani haqida batafsil ma'lumot berilgan Don McGahn va Priebus Komi bilan Rossiya tergovi haqida suhbatlashmaslik uchun, ammo Tramp baribir shunday qildi.^[134]

Myullerning hisobotida 2017 yil noyabr oyida Flinnning ovozli pochtasi Trampning "shaxsiy maslahatchisi" dan olingan advokatlari tasvirlangan Jon Dovd,^[135] kim: "Men ... Prezidentga taalluqli ma'lumotlar bor, shunda bizda milliy xavfsizlik masalasi bor, shuning uchun ... bilasizmi ... bizga qandaydir boshlar kerak",^[136] prezidentning "Flinnga nisbatan his-tuyg'ularini va hanuzgacha saqlanib qolganligini" takrorladi.^[137] Flinnning advokatlari Trampning advokatiga qo'ng'iroq qilib, ular bilan endi ma'lumot almasha olmasliklarini takrorladilar, chunki ular qo'shma mudofaa shartnomasi Flinnning aybiga iqror bo'lganligi sababli bekor qilindi, shu vaqt ichida advokat "g'azablangan va o'zaro kelishmovchilikda vokal" bo'lib qoldi, bu Trampga unga nisbatan "dushmanlik" ni anglatishini maslahat berishini ko'rsatdi.^{[138][139][140]} The New York Times 2019 yil 9-iyun kuni xabar berishicha, Myullerning vakolatxonasi Dovudni ovozli pochta orqali adolatning potentsial to'sig'i sifatida shubha ostiga qo'ymaslik, ehtimol Trampga olib borishi mumkinligi haqida xabar bergan, chunki ovozli pochtaning noaniqligi advokat-mijoz imtiyozlarini buzish va sud jarayonining uzoq davom etishiga olib kelgan.^[141]

Federal qidiruv byurosining Rossiyadagi tergoviga prezidentning munosabati e'lon qilindi

Hisobotning II jildining S qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

Tramp o'sha paytdagi Bosh prokuror Jyeff Seshns maxsus advokatning tergovidan voz kechishni rejalashtirganini bilganidan so'ng, Tramp Sessiyaning bu harakatining oldini olishga harakat qildi. "Sessions 2 mart kuni o'z lavozimidan voz kechishini e'lon qilganidan so'ng, Prezident Seshnsdan bu qaror uchun g'azablanishini bildirdi va keyin Sessionsdan xususiy ravishda" asossiz "bo'lishini so'radi.^{[142][28][143]} 20 mart kuni Komi ommaviy ravishda oshkor qildi Federal qidiruv byurosining Rossiyadagi tergovi.^[144] "Keyingi kunlarda Prezident Komi va boshqa razvedka idoralari rahbarlari bilan bog'lanib, prezidentning Rossiyadagi saylovlarga aralashish harakatlariga aloqasi borligi haqidagi taklifni ommaviy ravishda orqaga qaytarishni so'radi." Bulutni ko'tarish " tergov ", deyiladi xabarda.^[145][146]

Jeyms Komining ishdan olinishi

Hisobotning II jildining D qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

"Komining 2017 yil 3 maydagi Senat sud qo'mitasi ko'rsatmalaridan bir hafta oldin Prezident Don Makgenga agar Komi rekord o'rnatmasa va prezident tergov qilinmaganligini jamoat oldida e'lon qilmasa, bu so'nggi somon bo'ladi, deb aytdi. Komining bunday e'lon qilishini takroran so'rab murojaat qildi ", deyiladi xabarda.^[147][148] Tramp yordamchilariga 5 may kuni Komini ishdan bo'shatmoqchi bo'lganini aytdi va buni 9 may kuni amalga oshirdi. Xabarda qayd etilishicha, Tramp Komini Adliya vazirligi tomonidan tavsiyanomani olishidan oldin ishdan bo'shatgan. "Muhim dalillar shuni ko'rsatadiki, Prezidentning Komini ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risidagi qaroriga katalizator sifatida Komining prezidentning shaxsan tergov ostida emasligini ochiqchasiga aytishni istamaganligi sabab bo'lgan, chunki Prezident Komidan bunday e'lonni berishini bir necha bor talab qilgan", deyiladi xabarda.^[147][149] Tramp Komining o'qqa tutilishi haqida maqtandi Rossiya tashqi ishlar vaziri va AQShning Rossiya elchisi 2017 yil may oyida Oval ofisda bo'lib o'tgan uchrashuvda: "Men shunchaki F.B.I boshlig'ini ishdan bo'shatdim. U aqldan ozgan, haqiqiy yong'oq ishi. Men Rossiya tufayli katta bosimlarga duch keldim. Bu echib tashlandi".^[150]

Maxsus maslahatchini olib tashlash bo'yicha Prezidentning harakatlari

Hisobotning II jildining E qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

Jeff Seshns Maxsus advokatning tergovidan voz kechganida, hisobotda Tramp quyidagi yo'nalishda biron narsa aytgani ta'kidlangan: "bu prezidentlik muddati tugaganligi va Bosh prokuror Sessions uni himoya qila olmaganligi va iste'foga chiqishi kerak. Sessiyalar iste'foga chiqish arizasini topshirishdi , Prezident oxir-oqibat qabul qilmadi ".^[151][152] Xabarda qayd etilishicha, 2017 yil 14 iyun kuni "matbuotda Prezidentning odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilganligi uchun shaxsan tergov qilinayotganligi va Prezident maxsus maslahatchi tergovini tanqid qilgan bir qator tvitlar bilan javob bergani to'g'risida xabar berilgan".^[153][149] Keyingi dam olish kunlari Tramp McGahnga qo'ng'iroq qildi va "manfaatlar to'qnashuvi sababli maxsus maslahatchini olib tashlashga ko'rsatma berdi".^[154] McGahn boshqasini qo'zg'atishi mumkin deb qo'rqishdan qo'rqib, iltimos bo'yicha harakat qilmadi Shanba kecha qirg'ini va buning o'rniga iste'foga chiqishga tayyor ".^[155][154] McGahn Tramp ma'muriyatini 2018 yil 17 oktyabrda rasman tark etdi.^[156]

Maxsus advokat tekshiruvini cheklash bo'yicha Prezidentning harakatlari

Hisobotning II jildining F qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

2017 yil 19-iyun kuni, Tramp Don Makgenni maxsus maslahatchini ishdan bo'shatmoqchi bo'lganidan ikki kun o'tgach, Tramp Sessionga bordi. Tramp bilan Oval ofisda yakkama-yakka uchrashuv bo'lib o'tdi Kori Levandovski, hukumatda ishlamaydigan Trumpning sobiq saylov kampaniyasi menejeri. Tramp Levandovskining Sessionsga "Rossiya tergovini faqat kelajakdagi saylovlarga aralashish bilan cheklash ta'siriga ega bo'lgan" xabarni etkazishini xohladi.^[157][158] Xabarda aytilishicha, Tramp Levandovskiga "Sessions kuchsizligini va agar prezident rad javobini qaytarish ehtimoli haqida oldindan bilganida, Sessionsni tayinlamagan bo'lardi" deb aytgan.^[159][160] Tramp Sessions uchun mo'ljallangan quyidagi xabarni buyurdi va Levandovski buni ta'kidlab o'tdi: "Men ma'lum narsalarga aloqador bo'lgan ba'zi narsalardan voz kechganimni bilaman. Ammo bizning POTUSga .. juda adolatsiz munosabatda bo'lishmoqda. Maxsus prokuror / maslahatchi b / c u hech qanday yomon ish qilmagan. Men kampaniyada edim w / u to'qqiz oy davomida u bilan aloqador ruslar bo'lmagan. Men buni haqiqatan ham bilaman, u erda edim. U Amerika tarixidagi eng buyuk kampaniyani olib borganidan boshqa hech qanday yomon ish qilmadi ".^[161][162] Xabar davom etadi, unda sessiyalar maxsus maslahatchi bilan uchrashib, uning vakolatlarini kelajakdagi saylovlarga aralashish bilan cheklashadi. "Endi bir guruh odamlar buzib tashlamoqchi Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Konstitutsiyasi. Men bu juda adolatsiz ekanligini tushuntirish uchun maxsus prokuror bilan uchrashmoqchiman va kelgusi saylovlarda hech narsa bo'lmasligi uchun maxsus prokuror bo'lajak saylovlarga aralashuvni tekshirishda davom etsin ".^[163][162] Xabarlarga ko'ra, Trump "agar Sessions ushbu bayonotni taqdim etsa, u mamlakatdagi eng mashhur yigit bo'ladi".'"^[164] Levandovski Seshns bilan uchrashuv tashkil qildi, ammo uchrashuv "so'nggi daqiqadagi ziddiyat tufayli" bekor qilindi.^[165]

2017 yil 19-iyul kuni Tramp yana Oval idorada Levandovskiy bilan uchrashdi va Levandovski ushbu xabarni Sessionsga etkazganmi yoki yo'qligini so'radi. Levandovski bu tez orada amalga oshiriladi, deb javob berdi. Hisobot davom etmoqda: "Levandovski Prezident unga agar Sessions u bilan uchrashmasa, Levandovski Sessionsga ishdan bo'shatilganligini aytishi kerakligini aytganini esladi".^[166][167] Ushbu ikkinchi uchrashuvdan so'ng, Levandovski xabarni Oq uy rasmiylariga etkazdi Rik Dyorborn Sessiyalarga o'tish. Dyorborn bu topshiriqni bajarishdan bezovtalandi va xabarni uzatmaslikni tanladi, garchi xabarda Dyorbornning Levandovskiga "vaziyatni hal qilganini" aytgani aytilgan.^{[168][32][39][169]}

Prezidentning Trump Tower yig'ilishi haqidagi ma'lumotlarning oldini olish bo'yicha harakatlari

Hisobotning II jildining G qismida ushbu epizod voqealari tasvirlangan.^[97]

Hisobotda Tramp rahbarlik qilgan 2017 yil 29 iyundan 9 iyulgacha bo'lgan uch xil holatlar keltirilgan Umid Xiks, Oq uyning sobiq aloqa bo'yicha direktori va boshqalar bu haqda ma'lumotni oshkor qilmasliklari kerak Trump minorasi uchrashuvi 2016 yil 9-iyun kuni. Ushbu so'rovlar matbuotga yuborilgan va agar Tramp "Kongress tergovi yoki Maxsus maslahatchi ma'lumotlarini yashirishga yoki chalg'itishga intilgan bo'lsa", to'sqinlik qilishi mumkin.^[158][170] Maxsus maslahatchi Tramp maxsus maslahatchi yoki Kongressga elektron pochta xabarlarini yoki uchrashuvga oid ma'lumotlarni olishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik niyatida ekanligini isbotlovchi hech qanday dalil topa olmadi.^[171][172] Rik Geyts, keyin saylov kampaniyasi raisining o'rinbosari buni esladi Kichik Donald Tramp, Erik Tramp, Jared Kushner, Ivanka Tramp, Pol Manafort va rus advokati Natalya Veselnitskaya, uchrashuv bo'lib o'tdi.^[173] Uchrashuvning ko'zga ko'ringan maqsadi "axloqsizlik" olish edi Klintonning prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti. Geytsning guvohlik berishicha, kichik Tramp muntazam rejalashtirilgan yig'ilishda "Klinton jamg'armasi haqidagi salbiy ma'lumotlar bo'yicha etakchi mavqega ega ekanligini" e'lon qilgan.^{[174][175][176]} Geyts Manafortning yig'ilishda Trump Tower uchrashuvi "ehtimol muhim ma'lumot bermaydi va ular ehtiyot bo'lishlari kerak" deganini esladi.^[173][177] The Special Counsel found Manafort to be correct, as the "dirt" was information regarding the Birodarlar Ziff qilish soliq to'lashdan bo'yin tovlash va pul yuvish in Russia and "donated the illegal profits to the DNC or the Clinton Campaign".^[178][158] There was speculation that Trump Jr. told his father. However, the Special Counsel could not find any evidence that he did.^[70][176]

The office declined to pursue charges for two reasons: the office "did not obtain admissible evidence" that would meet the dalil yuki principle beyond a oqilona shubha that the campaign officials acted with general knowledge about the illegality of their conduct; secondly, the office expected difficulty in valuing the promised information that "exceeded the threshold for a criminal violation" of $2,000 for a criminal violation and $25,000 for a jinoyat jazo.^[179][89]

President's efforts to have Attorney General control investigation

Section H of Volume II of the report describes the events of this episode.^[97]

The report notes that between 2017–2018, Trump tried to convince Jeff Sessions to reverse his recusal over the Special Counsel investigation. Trump also tried to convince Sessions to launch an investigation into Hillari Klinton and prosecute her.^[158] "On multiple occasions in 2017, the President spoke with Sessions about reversing his recusal so that he could take over the Russia investigation and begin an investigation of Hillary Clinton ... There is evidence that at least one purpose of the President's conduct toward Sessions was to have Sessions assume control over the Russia investigation and supervise it in a way that could restrict its scope. [...] A reasonable inference from those statements and the President's action is that an unrecused Attorney General would play a protective role and could shield the President from the ongoing Russia investigation".^{[146][180][158]}

President orders McGahn to deny reports

Section I of Volume II of the report describes the events of this episode.^[97]

After the news broke out in late January 2018, that Trump ordered Don McGahn to fire Robert Mueller in June 2017, Trump pressured McGahn to deny the reports. "After the story broke, the President, through his personal counsel and two aides, sought to have McGahn deny that he had been directed to remove the Special Counsel," the report reads.^[181][149] Trump told then-White House Staff Secretary Rob Porter to tell McGahn to create a record that makes clear Trump never directed McGahn to fire the Special Counsel. "Porter thought the matter should be handled by the White House communications office, but the President said he wanted McGahn to write a letter to the file 'for our records' and wanted something beyond a press statement to demonstrate that the reporting was inaccurate. The President referred to McGahn as a 'lying bastard' and said that he wanted a record from him".^[182][158] Porter recalled Trump "saying something to the effect of 'If he doesn't write a letter, then maybe I'll have to get rid of him'".^[183][158] Trump did not fire McGahn, who departed on October 17, 2018.^[156]

President's conduct towards Flynn, Manafort, and "redacted name"

Section J of Volume II of the report describes the events of this episode.^[97]

The report details that Trump took actions "directed at possible witnesses in the Special Counsel's investigation".^[184][149] The report notes that actions taken by Trump and his counsel "could have had the potential to affect Flynn's decision to cooperate, as well as the extent of that cooperation. Because of privilege issues, however, we could not determine whether the President was personally involved in or knew about the specific message his counsel delivered to Flynn's counsel".^[185][186] For Manafort, the report details by saying: "With respect to Manafort, there is evidence that the President's actions had the potential to influence Manafort's decision whether to cooperate with the government".^[187][186]

President's conduct involving Michael Cohen

Section K of Volume II of the report describes the events of this episode.^[97]

The final instance of potential obstruction concerns Maykl Koen, a former personal lawyer of Trump's. "There is evidence that could support the inference that the President intended to discourage Cohen from cooperating with the government because Cohen's information would shed adverse light on the President's campaign-period conduct and statements", the report states.^[188][189] The report continues by detailing that Trump encouraged Cohen to "stay strong": "After the FBI searched Cohen's home and office in April 2018, the President publicly asserted that Cohen would not "flip" and privately passes messages of support to him".^[190][116] However, the report notes that when Cohen began cooperating with the government in the summer of 2018, Trump publicly criticized him: "Cohen also discussed pardons with the President's personal counsel and believed that if he stayed on message, he would get a pardon or the President would do 'something else' to make the investigation end. But after Cohen began cooperating with the government in the summer of 2018, the President publicly criticized him, called him a 'rat', and suggested that his family members had committed crimes".^[190][191]

Ilovalar

Four appendices were included in the report:

• Appendix A: Order 3915-2017 from Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointing a special counsel to investigate Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections.^[192][50]
• Ilova B: Lug'at of terms used in the report containing "names and brief descriptions of individuals and entities referenced in the two volumes of [the] report".^[193]
• Appendix C: President Trump's written answers to the special counsel.^[194]
• Appendix D: Special counsel's office transferred, referred, and completed cases.^[195]

Events before public release

The report was submitted by the special counsel to Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr 2019 yil 22 martda.^[1] Barr assumed oversight of the investigation on February 14, 2019, after being approved by the Senate and sworn in as Attorney General.^[196][197] Barr had been previously critical of the investigation before Trump announced his intent to nominate Barr for Attorney General on December 7, 2018.^{[198][199][200]} Barr's predecessor, Jeff Sessions, resigned on November 7, 2018, writing that it was at Trump's request.^{[201][202][203]}

Barr xati

Maktub Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr (. nomi bilan tanilgan Barr xati ) on March 24, 2019, to leaders of the Uy va Senat judiciary committees describing the principal conclusions of the maxsus advokatning tekshiruvi^[71]

On March 24, 2019, Attorney General Barr sent Congress a four-page letter describing the special counsel's conclusions regarding Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election and obstruction of justice.^[71] Barr relayed two ways in which Russia interfered in the election: firstly, "dezinformatsiya va ijtimoiy tarmoqlar operations in the United States designed to sow social discord"; and secondly, xakerlik computers for elektron pochta xabarlari dan 2016 yil Klinton prezidentlik saylovoldi tashviqoti and Democratic Party organizations.^[71][72] Barr also quoted the report that the "investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities".^[204]

On obstruction of justice, Barr wrote that the special counsel "did not draw a conclusion" on obstruction^[205][206] va "Maxsus advokatning hech qanday qonuniy xulosaga kelmasdan turib uning to'sqinlik qilish bo'yicha tergov qilish faktlarini tavsiflash to'g'risidagi qarori, bayonnomada tasvirlangan xatti-harakatlar jinoyat tarkibiga kiradimi yoki yo'qligini aniqlashni Bosh prokurorga topshiradi".^[72] Barr continued: "Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and I have concluded that the evidence developed during the Special Counsel's investigation is not sufficient to establish that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense".^[207][208]

On Barr's decision to clear him on obstruction, Trump said in late April 2019 that Barr read the Mueller report "and he made a decision right on the spot. No obstruction".^[209][210]

After the release of the Barr Letter, media commentators pointed out that in June 2018, prior to joining the Trump administration, Barr sent an unsolicited 19-page memo to the Department of Justice and White House attorneys asserting that Mueller's investigation of President Trump for obstruction is "legally insupportable",^{[211][212][213][214]} va "o'lim bilan noto'g'ri".^{[215][216][217]} Barr also discussed the memo with some of Trump's attorneys.^[211]

Mueller's reaction

On March 27, 2019, Mueller reportedly wrote to Barr in a letter, as stated in New York Times "expressing his and his team's concerns that the attorney general had inadequately portrayed their conclusions".^[218] This was first reported on April 30, 2019. Mueller thought that the Barr letter "did not fully capture the context, nature, and substance" of the findings of the special counsel investigation that he led.^[219] "There is now public confusion about critical aspects of the results of our investigation". Mueller also requested Barr release the Mueller report's introductions and executive summaries.^[220][221] The March 27 Mueller letter made no mention of media coverage.^[221][222]

On March 28, 2019, according to anonymous Justice Department officials, Mueller, in a call to Barr, reportedly expressed concerns about public misunderstandings of the obstruction investigation due to media coverage.^[220] On April 30, 2019, a spokeswoman from the Justice Department described the March 28 call between Mueller and Barr: "the Special Counsel emphasized that nothing in the Attorney General's March 24 letter was inaccurate or misleading. But, he expressed frustration over the lack of context and the resulting media coverage regarding the Special Counsel's obstruction analysis". Although they discussed whether more context could be provided via Barr releasing more of the report, Barr "ultimately determined that it would not be productive to release the report in piecemeal fashion".^[220][223]

On March 29, 2019, Barr sent a subsequent letter to Congress in which he said that his March 24 letter was not a summary of the Mueller report,^[224] but merely presented the report's principal conclusions. Barr also wrote that he would be volunteering to testify before Congress in early May, which Barr did.^[220]

Barr testimony of April 9 and 10

On April 9, Attorney General Barr appeared in a congressional hearing before the House. There, Representative Charli Krist described media reports that "members of the special counsel's team are frustrated at some level with the limited information included in your March 24 letter, that it does not adequately or accurately portray the [Mueller] report's findings". Crist asked Barr: "Do you know what they are referencing with that?", Barr replied: "No, I don't. I think – I think – I suspect that they probably wanted more put out, but in my view, I was not interested in putting out summaries".^[225][226]

On April 10, Attorney General Barr appeared before the Senatning mablag 'ajratish bo'yicha qo'mitasi. Senator Kris Van Xollen asked Barr regarding obstruction: "Did Bob Mueller support your conclusion?" Barr replied: "I don't know whether Bob Mueller supported my conclusion."^[225][226]

Barr press conference

Media-ni ijro etish

Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr, accompanied by former Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn va Ed O'Kallagan held a press conference discussing the Myullerning hisoboti and related matters 90 minutes prior to its public release.

On April 18, Attorney General Barr held a press conference discussing the report 90 minutes before it was released to Congress and the public.^[227] The press conference discussed redacted portions, and "ten episodes involving the President and discusses potential legal theories for connecting these actions to elements of an obstruction offense."^[228][208]

Barr gave the following elaboration on his decision that the evidence was insufficient to warrant an obstruction of justice charge for Trump: "Although the deputy attorney general [Rod Rosenstein] and I disagreed with some of the special counsel's legal theories and felt that some of the episodes examined did not amount to obstruction as a matter of law, we did not rely solely on that in making our decision. Instead, we accepted the special counsel's legal framework for purposes of our analysis and evaluated the evidence as presented by the special counsel in reaching our conclusion".^[115]

Barr also mentioned that Trump's legal team received the redacted version of the report earlier in the week, adding that the president's lawyers "were not permitted to make, and did not request, any redactions".^[208][229] Barr said that the "president confirmed that, in the interests of transparency and full disclosure to the American people, he would not assert privilege over the special counsel's report".^[3]

In the press conference, Barr asked that people look into the context, stating that President Trump "faced an unprecedented situation [...] federal agents and prosecutors were scrutinizing his conduct before and after taking office and the conduct of some of his associates. [...] There was relentless speculation in the news media about the President's personal culpability", even though there was, according to Barr, "no collusion". Barr continued that there was "substantial evidence to show that the president was frustrated and angered by a sincere belief that the investigation was undermining his presidency, propelled by his political opponents and fueled by illegal leaks".^{[230][231][232]} Also in the press conference, Barr said that he asked Mueller "whether or not [Mueller] was taking the position that he would have found a crime but for the existence of the OLC opinion" that a sitting president cannot be indicted. Barr continued that Mueller "made it very clear, several times, that he was not taking a position – he was not saying but for the OLC opinion he would have found a crime".^[233]

Some political commentators, including Kris Uolles ning Fox News, observed that Barr appeared to behave more like Trump's himoyachi than as an attorney general during the press conference.^{[Qanaqasiga? ][234][235][236][237]}

Following the Barr press conference, The New York Times noticed similarities from Barr's 19-page memo to the Justice Department while not working for the government, in which he criticized this investigation for "proposing an unprecedented expansion of obstruction laws" that would result in "grave consequences" for the institution of the presidency. The New York Times continued that Barr had an "untrammeled view of executive power", and that the 2018 Barr memo "turned out to be an accurate road map to Mr. Barr's handling of the Mueller report".^[238]

Public release of redacted report

2019 yil 18 aprelda, a qayta tahrirlangan version of the special counsel's report was released to Congress and the public. Satrlarning taxminan sakkizdan biri tahrirlangan.^{[228][239][240]} Hisobot 448 sahifadan iborat bo'lib, uning ikki jildi va to'rtta ilovasi mavjud. Unda taxminan 200,000 so'z va 1100 dan ortiq izoh mavjud. Matnning taxminan 11% tahrir qilingan.^[241] 40% of the pages had at least one redaction,^[242] and there were over 900 redacted text blocks in all.^[243][244]

Barr described the four kinds of redactions in the released report: "harm to ongoing matter" (HOM) in oq, "personal privacy" (PP) in yashil, "investigative technique" (IT) in sariqva "katta hakamlar hay'ati " material in qizil.^[245] Of those, only the katta hakamlar hay'ati redactions are required by law due to 6(e) of Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlarining jinoiy protsessual jarayoni.^{[246][247][248]} Barr characterized the report as being "lightly redacted".^[95]

Redacted report findings compared to Barr letter

After the release of the redacted report, the Barr letter was criticized as a deliberate mischaracterization of the Mueller report and its conclusions.^{[85][249][40][250]} Numerous legal analysts accused Barr of glossing over the report, identifying significant discrepancies between Barr's characterizations of its contents and the report's actual findings, while others called for Barr's resignation.^{[251][252][253][254]} The New York Times Barr xati ma'lumotni chiqarib tashlagan va jumla qismlarini kontekstdan tashqari hisobotdagi natijalarni sezilarli darajada o'zgartirgan tarzda keltirgan holatlar haqida xabar berdi, shu jumladan:^[85]

• Omission of language that indicated Trump could be subject to indictment after leaving office.^{[255][256][257]}
• A sentence fragment described only one possible motive for Trump to obstruct justice, while the Mueller report listed multiple possible motives.
• Omission of words and a full sentence that twice suggested there was knowing and complicit behavior between the Trump campaign and Russians that stopped short of direct coordination, which may constitute conspiracy.

CNN wrote that while Barr in his letter took it upon himself to deliver a ruling on whether Trump had committed obstruction, the redacted report indicates that Mueller intended that decision to be made by Congress, not Barr.^[258]

Boshqa ko'plab siyosiy va huquqiy tahlilchilar, shu jumladan Bob Vudvord^[259] va Brayan Uilyams,^[260] observed significant differences in what Barr said about Mueller's findings in his March 24 summary letter, and in his April 18 press conference, compared to what the Mueller report actually found. Ushbu sharhda Barrni taqqoslash kiritilgan Bag'dod Bob, uni "Bag'dod Bill" deb nomlagan.^{[260][251][261][262]}

Barr wrote that his letter provided "the principal conclusions" of the Mueller report. Rayan Gudman professori Nyu-York universiteti yuridik fakulteti va hammuallifi Faqat xavfsizlik, observed that in 1989 Barr also wrote a letter which he stated contained "the principal conclusions" of a controversial legal opinion he worked on as head of the OLC. Barr declined to provide the full opinion to Congress, but it was later subpoenaed and released to the public, showing that the summary letter did not fully disclose the principal conclusions.^[263][264]

Redacted report findings compared to Barr press conference

In the Barr press conference on April 18, prior to the release of the redacted report, Barr said that "the White House fully cooperated with the Special Counsel's investigation". However, Factcheck.org describes that this was "contradicted in the report", which stated that Trump had attacked the investigation in public, tried to control the investigation in private, and encouraged witnesses not to cooperate both in public and private. Factcheck.org also describes the report as saying that President Trump did not fully cooperate for interview requests by investigators, then in written responses answered that he did not remember to over 30 questions, while other answers were "incomplete or imprecise". Investigators protested that the written responses denied them the opportunity to ask follow-up questions, but Trump denied another request for an interview.^[32]

Also the Barr press conference on April 18, Barr said that "Special Counsel Mueller did not indicate that his purpose was to leave the decision [on obstruction by Trump] to Congress". Washington Post described that "the report does not say Mueller intended to leave obstruction-related decisions to Barr", and instead "uses suggestive language about Congress's role", that Congress can subject President Trump to obstruction laws, and made a reference to not wanting to preempt impeachment.^[40]

Analysis of redactions

Attributes of the report's text, and its redactions in particular, received significant news coverage and was a noted gaplashadigan nuqta.^[241] Redactions were concentrated on areas about Russian government interference in the elections.^[242] The four types of redactions had the following statistics:

• "Harm to ongoing matter" – over 400 redactions and about 45% of the redacted text overall.^[244][243]
• "Personal privacy" – an estimated 5–7% of the redactions.^[243]
• "Investigative technique" – an estimated 8–10% of the redactions.^[243][244]
• "Grand jury" – over 300 redactions and about 38% of the redacted text overall.^[243]

Press coverage of the investigation

The Associated Press va Slate observed that the Mueller report mostly corroborated press coverage of the investigation. Kyle Pope, editor of the Columbia Journalism Review, remarked that "The media looks a lot stronger today than it did before the release of this report", asserting that Mueller's report absolved the media of its coverage of the investigation, the fairness, accuracy, and objectivity of which was repeatedly derided by President Trump and his allies as "fake news" and a part of a concerted "Witch-Hunt".^[265][266] Washington Post stated that the report "offered a rich portrait of Trump's efforts as president to undermine the investigation and mislead the public".^[267]

Washington Post reported that while some press reports on the investigation proved wrong, or at least were not confirmed by the Mueller report, "the Mueller report was by and large an affirmation of the mainstream media's investigative reporting. Almost all the big stories were confirmed in the report". Notable reports that were not confirmed to be true by the report included:^[268]

• Trump had "directed" Michael Cohen to lie to Congress.
• Cohen was in Praga 2016 yilda.
• Ruscha Alfa banki server was communicating with a Trump Organization server.
• Pol Manafort secretly met with Julian Assanj.
• The 2016 Republican platform eased its policy on Ukraine at the behest of Trump or Russia.

False and misleading public statements by the Trump administration

Siyosat published a list of eight notable public assertions Trump and his administration made that the Mueller report showed to be false or misleading:^[269]

• Mueller had conflicts of interest and was turned down to become FBI director.^[270]
• Trump asserted he hadn't thought about firing Mueller.^[271]
• Matbuot kotibi Sara Sanders asserted that Trump fired James Comey because "countless" FBI agents told her they had lost faith in him.^[272]
• Sanders asserted that a DOJ internal review had prompted Comey's firing.^[273]
• Sanders claimed Trump "certainly didn't dictate" a statement by Kichik Donald Tramp regarding the Trump Tower meeting.^[274]
• Trump asserted that the Po'lat hujjatlar triggered the initial FBI investigation and the investigation "was a plan by those who lost the election".^[269][275]
• Trump repeatedly asserted, during 2016–2017, that he had no business involvement in Russia.^[276]
• Trump claimed Comey sought a dinner with him when actually Trump invited Comey for dinner.^[277]

Vox reported that the Mueller report showed Sanders and her predecessor, Shon Spayser, made false statements about the circumstances surrounding the firings of Comey and Maykl Flinn.^[278]

The Mueller report showed that despite assertions by Umid Xiks va Jeyson Miller in September 2016 that Karter sahifasi never had any involvement with the campaign, Page actually produced work for the campaign, traveled with Trump to a campaign speech and "Chief policy adviser Sem Klovis expressed appreciation for Page's work and praised his work to other Campaign officials".^{[279][280][281]}

Boshqa topilmalar

The Mueller report devoted over a dozen pages to refute an argument made by Trump's attorneys, and by Barr before he joined the Trump administration, that it was impossible for Trump to obstruct the investigation, regardless of his intentions, due to his presidential authority to oversee federal law enforcement – an interpretation that some legal scholars characterized as dubious because it suggests a president is above the law.^{[34][282][283]}

The report confirmed significant aspects of reporting, birinchi navbatda The Wall Street Journal, of efforts by Republican activist Piter Smit topmoq deleted Clinton emails, including his communications about it with Michael Flynn and campaign co-chair Sem Klovis, as well as Flynn's actions to spearhead the effort at Trump's repeated requests. In at least one email to an undisclosed list of recipients, Smith claimed to know WikiLeak's schedule about releasing the Clinton emails, writing there was a "tug-of-war going on within WikiLeaks over its planned releases in the next few days", and that WikiLeaks "has maintained that it will save its best revelations for last, under the theory this allows little time for response prior to the U.S. election November 8."^[284][285]

The report confirmed significant parts of reporting regarding a January 2017 meeting in Seyshel orollari o'rtasida Erik shahzoda, Jorj Nader, and Putin confidant Kirill Dmitriev, Boshqalar orasida. Despite Prince's prior congressional testimony that he had no role in the Trump campaign or transition, the report found that Nader had represented Prince to Dmitriev as "designated by Steve [Bannon] to meet you! I know him and he is very very well connected and trusted by the New Team".^[286][287] The Mueller Report stated, "According to Nader, Prince had led him to believe that Bannon was aware of Prince's upcoming meeting with Dmitriev, and Prince acknowledged that it was fair for Nader to think that Prince would pass information on to the Transition Team. Bannon, however, told the Office that Prince did not tell him in advance about his meeting with Dmitriev".^[288][287] Prince testified to the Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi that "I didn't fly there to meet any Russian guy",^[289] although the Mueller Report found that he and Nader made significant preparations to meet Dmitriev.^[290][291] Although Prince had previously characterized a second meeting between him and Dmitriev in a bar as a chance encounter of no consequence,^[289] the Mueller report found the meeting was actually pre-arranged after Prince had learned from communications back home that Russia had positioned an samolyot tashuvchisi yopiq Liviya and he wanted to convey that the United States would not accept any Russian involvement in Libya.^[287] House Intelligence Committee chairman Adam Shiff 2019 yil 30 aprelda a yuborishini e'lon qildi criminal referral Adliya vazirligiga shahzodaning qo'mitaga soxta guvohlik berganligini da'vo qilgan.^[292][293]

The special counsel sought to interview Trump for more than a year, advising his attorneys that "it is in the interest of the Presidency and the public for an interview to take place" and offering "numerous accommodations to aid the President's preparation and avoid surprise".^[294][295] Trump's attorneys resisted these requests, which the special counsel accepted written responses to questions.^[296] The Mueller report stated that Trump asserted more than thirty times that he could not remember information that had been asked, and that other answers were "incomplete or imprecise".^[297][298] Trump did not provide written responses to questions relating to obstruction of justice or events during the transition.^[299][300] The special counsel considered subpoenaing Trump's testimony but decided against it because it would likely result in protracted constitutional litigation that would delay conclusion of the investigation, and because investigators had by then acquired information they sought by other means.^[301][302]

The Mueller report elaborated on earlier reporting regarding communications between Feliks Sater and Michael Cohen during 2015–2016 to pursue construction of Trump minorasi Moskva, at a time Trump denied any business involvement in Russia.^[116] The report found that Sater, a former Trump business associate, asserted to Cohen that he had Russian contacts who could gain Vladimir Putin's support for the project, adding "I think I can get Putin to [praise Trump's business acumen] at the Trump Moscow press conference", and "We can own this election. Michael my next steps are very sensitive with Putin's very very close people, we can pull this off".^[303][304] The report also found that Cohen had discussed particulars of the project with Ivanka Tramp va Kichik Donald Tramp^[305][306] The report states, "According to Cohen, he did not consider the political import of the Trump Moscow project to the 2016 U.S. presidential election at the time. Cohen also did not recall candidate Trump or anyone affiliated with the Trump Campaign discussing the political implications of the Trump Tower Moscow project with him. However, Cohen recalled conversations with Trump in which the candidate suggested that his campaign would be a significant 'infomercial ' uchun Trump-branded properties ".^[307][6]

The Mueller report did not conclude Cohen had been in Prague, as had been tasvirlangan ichida Po'lat hujjatlar and reported by the McClatchy kompaniyasi, citing his testimony to investigators.^[308][268]

Kitob nashrlari

The report was issued as a printed book by three publishers, and collated an aggregate 357,000 sales as of June 2019^[yangilash], buni qilish a Nyu-York Tayms bestseller.^[309]

Reaksiyalar

Prezident Donald Tramp

Trump has vacillated in his view of the report, initially saying, "The Mueller report was great. It could not have been better," then one month later characterizing it as a "total 'hit job'", then one month later as "a beautiful report".^[310]

The Mueller report reported that Donald Trump's campaign staff, administration officials, and family members, his Republican backers, and his associates lied or made false assertions, whether intentional or unintentional, to the public, Congress, and authorities.^[311]

On March 25, when the Barr xati had been released but not the report itself, Trump said of the special counsel's findings: "It's one hundred percent the way it should have been." He further commented on the investigation, its potential origins, and its witnesses: "There are a lot of people out there that have done some very, very evil things," adding that they would need to be "looked at".^[a][312]

Media-ni ijro etish

Prezident Tramp ga munosabat Myullerning hisoboti

Upon the release of the redacted report on April 18, Trump commented:

It was called, "No collusion. No obstruction." I'm having a good day. There never was, by the way, and there never will be. And we do have to get to the bottom of these things, I will say. [...] This should never happen to another president again, this hoax.^{[b][313][314]}

President Trump sent several tvitlar about the news, including one that mimicked promotional material for the television series Taxtlar o'yini, featuring Trump turning his back, surrounded in mist, superimposed with the words "No collusion. No obstruction. For the haters and the radical left Democrats – O'yin tamom."^[315] HBO, owners of the rights to the series, commented that they "prefer our intellektual mulk not be used for political purposes". Trump had posted similar pictures on Twitter and Instagram on previous occasions, which HBO had chided.^{[316][317][318]}

On April 19, Trump labeled the report "crazy", saying that some of the report's assertions about him were "total bullshit" and "fabricated and totally untrue". Calling for a new counter-investigation, he tweeted: "It is now finally time to turn the tables and bring justice to some very sick and dangerous people who have committed very serious crimes, perhaps even Spying or Treason."^{[c][319][320][321]} He posted similar tweets in the following days.^[322][323]

On April 23, Trump said of the investigation, "I don't believe our country should allow this ever to happen again. This will hech qachon happen again. Biz qila olmaymiz ruxsat bering it ever happen again." He went on to insinuate that "treasonous acts" were performed against him from "very high up" in the Obama administration.^[d][324]

On April 24, Trump attacked the report's writers as "Angry Democrats and Trump Haters", tweeting: "If the partisan Dems ever tried to Impeach, I would first head to the U.S. Supreme Court." Legal experts responded that Trump had misunderstood the Konstitutsiya, as impeachment is constitutionally within Congress' abilities and responsibilities and not the within that of the courts.^[e][325]

On April 25, Trump denied the report's claim that he ordered former White House Counsel Don McGahn to fire Mueller. U tvitterda:

As has been incorrectly reported by the Fake News Media, I never told then White House Counsel Don McGahn to fire Robert Mueller, even though I had the legal right to do so. If I wanted to fire Mueller, I didn't need McGahn to do it, I could have done it myself. Nevertheless, Mueller was NOT fired and was respectfully allowed to finish his work on what I, and many others, say was an illegal investigation (there was no crime), headed by a Trump hater who was highly conflicted, and a group of 18 VERY ANGRY Democrats. DRAIN THE SWAMP!^[326][327]

On April 26, speaking to the Milliy miltiq uyushmasi (NRA), Trump said, "They tried for a coup; didn't work out so well. And I didn't need a gun for that one, did I? All was taking place at the highest levels in Washington, D.C. […] Corruption at the highest level. A disgrace. Spying, surveillance, trying for an overthrow – and we caught 'em, we caught 'em. Who would have thought in our country? But it's called […] 'draining the swamp'."^{[f][328][329]}

On May 29, Trump said regarding the report "The Mueller report came out: no obstruction, no collusion, no nothing. It's a beautiful report."^[330] The next day Trump made a similar remark about Mueller's report saying "There's no obstruction, there's no collusion, there's no nothing. It's nothing but a witch hunt. A witch hunt by the media and the Democrats, they're partners."^[331]

With Mueller set to testify to Congress about his report in July 2019, Trump falsely claimed in June 2019 that Mueller had illegally deleted communication records between Peter Strzok and Lisa Page (there were lost records which were later retrieved, but there is no indication Mueller was involved in processes on this matter).^[332][333] Trump declared in early July 2019 that Mueller "must" restrict his testimony to "the report".^[334] In late July 2019, Trump said that Mueller's testifying would be "bad" for Mueller.^[335] With Mueller's aide Aaron Zebley also about to testify to Congress, Trump criticized Zebley, characterizing him as a "Never Trumper lawyer" (Zebley has never donated to any political party). Trump also criticized Zebley for his role in private law practice representing Bill Cooper, who had connections to Bill and Hillary Clinton regarding her emails.^[336]

White House interaction with Don McGahn

The Wall Street Journal reported on May 10, 2019, that within a day of the release of the Mueller report, Trump sought to have McGahn declare that he didn't think the president's directive to have Mueller fired constituted obstruction of justice, but McGahn refused.^[337]

2019 yil 10 mayda, The New York Times reported that the White House, in April and/or May, asked McGahn twice to declare that Trump never obstructed justice.^[338] "His reluctance angered the president, who believed that Mr. McGahn showed disloyalty by telling investigators for the special counsel, Robert S. Mueller III, about Mr. Trump's attempts to maintain control over the Russia investigation," New York Times eslatmalar. One request was sent to McGahn's lawyer, William A. Burck, before the report was made public but after Trump's lawyers received a copy. Trump's lawyers noticed that Mueller left out McGahn's belief that Trump never obstructed justice. Responding to the first request; "We did not perceive it as any kind of threat or something sinister," Burck replied in a statement. "It was a request, professionally and cordially made."^[338] After the Mueller report was released, McGahn passed on the opportunity on putting out the statement. The White House tried once more and asked McGahn to publish the statement. McGahn declined.^[338]

2019 yil sentyabr

On September 30, 2019, The New York Times reported that two American officials stated that President Trump told Australian Prime Minister, Skott Morrison, to help Attorney General William Barr in a Justice Department inquiry, that, according to The New York Times, Trump hopes will discredit the Mueller investigation and validate his 2016 victory.^[339] Oq uy Barrning iltimosiga binoan amalga oshirilgan go'yoki telefon qo'ng'irog'i stenogrammasiga kirish huquqini cheklab qo'ydi, ammo faqat kichik yordamchilar guruhiga kirish huquqini berdi.^[339] Oq uy bu xabarlarni rad etib, bu bir necha oy davomida ochilgan tergovni osonlashtirish uchun Avstraliya hukumatiga Adliya vazirligining manbalariga kirish huquqini berish haqidagi muntazam so'rovning bir qismi deb da'vo qildi.^[340]

Trampning shaxsiy advokatlari

Trampning advokatlari o'z bayonotida: "17 oylik tergovdan so'ng, 500 ga yaqin guvohlarning ko'rsatmalari, 2800 ta chaqiruv varaqalari, 500 ga yaqin qidiruv orderlarining ijro etilishi, erta tongda reydlar, 1,4 million sahifadan ko'proq hujjatlarni tekshirish, va Prezidentning misli ko'rilmagan hamkorligi, hech qanday jinoiy qonunbuzarlik bo'lmaganligi aniq ... Prezidentning ushbu oqlanishi mamlakat uchun olg'a siljigan muhim qadam va ushbu suiiste'molning takrorlanishiga hech qachon yo'l qo'yilmasligi kerakligini qat'iy eslatib turadi. "^[341][342]

Trampning shaxsiy advokatlari odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish bo'yicha maxsus advokatlarning xulosalariga qarshi chiqish uchun "qarshi hisobot" tuzayotgani haqida 2018 yil iyul oyidan beri ma'lum qilingan.^[343] 2019 yil aprel oyidan boshlab^[yangilash], ga binoan Rudy Giuliani, ular hisobotni yakunlashmoqda va yakuniy ko'rinishga ega bo'lishmoqda.^[344] Giuliani, hisobotning qariyb 45 sahifadan iborat ekanligini va ikki bo'limdan iborat ekanligini aytdi.^[345] Giuliani aytdi The Daily Beast intervyusida uning mazmuni quyidagicha: da'vo qilinganligi sababli Maxsus Advokat tekshiruvining qonuniyligi manfaatlar to'qnashuvi Myuller atrofida va Trump kampaniyasi va Rossiya o'rtasida taxmin qilingan muvofiqlashtirish shu jumladan, odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish.^[346] Dastlab, Trampning so'zlariga ko'ra, hisobot hisoboti 87 sahifadan iborat bo'lgan: "Rudi Djuliani va boshqalar Myullerning hisobotiga qarshi hisobot bermaydilar, deb noto'g'ri xabar qilingan. Ya'ni Soxta yangiliklar.^[g] 87 sahifa allaqachon tayyor, ammo biz finalni ko'rmagunimizcha uni to'ldirib bo'lmaydi Jodugar ovi Hisobot ".^[348][349]

Myullerning hisoboti ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilinganidan beri, Juliani ular bu hisobotni hozircha chiqarmasliklari mumkinligini aytdi: "Ehtimol, biz uni ishlatadigan bir nuqta bor. Hozirda biz jamoat bahslari imkon qadar yaxshi o'ynamoqda deb o'ylaymiz Nima uchun uni chalkashtirib yuborish kerak - bu juda ko'p muammolarni keltirib chiqaradi, ehtimol biz javob berishga hojat bo'lmagan ", dedi Juliani.^[350]

21 aprelda Juliani maxsus advokatlarning guruhi "odamlarni qiynashga yaqinlashdi" deb aybladi va maxsus advokatlar guruhidagi advokatni "xitmen" deb ta'rifladi. Djuliani: "Ruslardan ma'lumot olishning hech qanday yomon joyi yo'q. Bu qayerdan kelganiga bog'liq".^[351] Shuningdek, 21-aprel kuni Juliani Tramp ma'muriyati tomonidan tergovchilarga "hech narsa rad etilmagan" deb yolg'on gapirdi (Factcheck.org hisobotda Trump intervyu berishdan bosh tortgani aytilgan). Juliani qo'shimcha ravishda "siz" Don McGahn "Tramp bilan Myullerni ishdan bo'shatish bo'yicha suhbatining uch xil versiyasini berganini o'qidingiz" deb yolg'on gapirdi (Factcheck.org shuningdek, hisobotda McGahn faqat bitta versiyasini bergani va Tramp boshqa versiyasini bergani haqida yozgan).^[352]

Trump advokati Emmet toshqini Myullerning hisobotini "haqiqat komissiyasi" ning bir qismi va yuridik maktablarining imtihon varaqalari "deb masxara qildi.^[353]

Bosh prokurorning sobiq o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn

Avvalgi Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn

2019 yil 11 aprelda u tayinlagan Maxsus maslahatchi xulosasidan keyingi birinchi intervyusida The Wall Street Journal, Rozenshteyn Bosh prokuror Barrning Maxsus advokat tekshiruvi xulosalari bilan ishlashini himoya qildi.^[354] "U iloji boricha yaqinlashib kelmoqda va shuning uchun u odamlarni yo'ldan ozdirishga urinmoqda, deb o'ylayman, bu juda g'alati", dedi Rozenshteyn.^[355] Rozenshteyn Barrning to'rt sahifali maktubini ham qo'llab-quvvatladi: "Agar siz biron bir xatni chiqarsangiz va" men sizga hisobot bermayman "deb aytsangiz, bu bitta narsa bo'ladi." U nima degan bo'lsa, "Mana, bu davom etmoqda" hisobotni qayta ishlash uchun biroz vaqt ajratish. Qolaversa, odamlar unda nima borligini bilishni juda xohlashadi. Men sizga birinchi darajali xulosalarni beraman. ' U shu bilan shug'ullanmoqchi bo'lgan ".^[356]

2019 yil 25 aprelda Rozenshteyn nutq so'zladi Armaniston advokatlar uyushmasi Nyu-York shahridagi davlat xizmatchilarining kechki ovqatlari.^[357] Rozenshteynning ta'kidlashicha, hozirda tergov natijalariga ko'ra "rossiyalik tezkor xodimlarning Amerika kompyuterlarini buzib, Amerika fuqarolarini aldaganligi to'g'risida juda katta dalillar mavjud va bu saylovlarga ta'sir o'tkazish, ijtimoiy kelishmovchilikni targ'ib qilish bo'yicha Rossiyaning keng qamrovli strategiyasining aysbergning faqat uchi". boshqa ko'plab mamlakatlarda bo'lgani kabi Amerikani ham buzmoq [...] bizning millatimiz xavfsizroq, saylovlar xavfsizroq va fuqarolar tashqi ta'sirning yashirin sxemalari to'g'risida yaxshiroq ma'lumotga ega. "^[358][359]

Rozenshteyn maxsus advokatlarning tekshiruvi natijalarini muhokama qilib, uni to'g'ri va to'liq bajarilishini nazorat qilishga rozilik berganligini aytdi, ammo: "Men barcha natijalar to'g'risida jamoatchilikka xabar berishga va'da bermaganman, chunki sudyalarning katta tergovlari ex parte sud jarayoni. Haqiqiy xulosalar chiqarish bizning vazifamiz emas. Faqatgina jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish maqsadga muvofiqligini hal qilamiz ".^[359] Biroq, Rozenshteynning so'zlariga ko'ra, "hamma uning qaroridan mamnun emas edi", chunki u "hamma narsani darhol siyosiy ta'sir jihatidan baholashi kerak bo'lgan" siyosatchilar va ommaviy axborot vositalarini keltirib o'tdi.^[360][361] Rozenshteyn ommaviy axborot vositalari uchun alohida tanqidni "yollovchi tanqidchilar" sifatida saqlab qoldi ad hominem haqiqat yoki axloq bilan cheklanmagan hujumlar. Ular tahdid qilishadi, soxta hikoyalarni tarqatishadi va hatto qarindoshlaringizga hujum qilishadi. [...] Chidab turgan respublikani yangiliklar tsikli boshqarmaydi. Bugun yangiliklarni qabul qilish uchun beriladigan ba'zi bir bema'niliklar, agar kimdir uni bosib chiqarishga qiynalgan bo'lsa, unda bosilgan qog'ozga arzimaydi. "^[357][73] Rozenshteyn yana shunday dedi: "Siyosatda - jurnalistikada bo'lgani kabi - dalil qoidalari qo'llanilmaydi".^[362]

Rozenshteyn tanqid qildi Obama ma'muriyati Rossiyaning Amerika saylovlariga aralashuvi usullari va "kengroq strategiyasi" haqida "to'liq hikoyani" e'lon qilmagani uchun.^[357][363] Rozenshteyn, shuningdek, Federal Qidiruv Byurosi a'zolarini maxfiy materiallarni oshkor qilgani uchun tanqid qildi va Jeyms Komining Kommey hanuzgacha Federal qidiruv byurosi direktori bo'lganida qarshi razvedka tekshiruvini e'lon qilgani va Komi ishdan bo'shatilgandan keyin "prezident [Komiga] tergovni yopish uchun bosim o'tkazganini" da'vo qilgani uchun tanqid qildi.^{[357][364][362]}

Sobiq maxsus maslahatchi Robert Myuller

Maxsus advokat 22 mart kuni o'z tergovini yakunlagach, Barr Kongressga 24 martda Maxsus maslahatchining xulosalari to'g'risida to'rt varaqlik xat yubordi. 30 aprelda Myuller 27 mart kuni Barrga o'zining xavotirlarini bildirgan maktub yubordi. Kongressga to'rt sahifali xat.^[365][366] Barr Myullerga qo'ng'iroq qilib, xat va uning mazmuni haqida suhbatlashdi.^[367]

"Departamentning Kongressga yuborgan va 24 mart kuni tushdan keyin jamoatchilikka e'lon qilingan xulosa maktubi ushbu idora ishi va xulosalarining mazmuni, mohiyati va mohiyatini to'liq aks ettirmadi", deydi Myuller Barrga yozgan maktubida. "Hozirda bizning tergovimiz natijalarining tanqidiy jihatlari to'g'risida jamoatchilikda chalkashliklar mavjud. Bu bo'lim maxsus maslahatchi tayinlagan asosiy maqsadni buzish bilan tahdid qilmoqda: tergov natijalariga jamoatchilikning to'liq ishonchini ta'minlash".^[220]

Barrning Myullerning so'zlariga javobi

2019 yil 30 mayda, CBS bu tong tvitterda klip yozdi^[368] 29-may kuni Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barrning Myullerning so'zlari haqidagi fikrlarini muhokama qilgan intervyusidan. "Xabarda aytilishicha, siz prezidentni ish paytida ayblash mumkin emas. Ammo u [Myuller] bu jinoiy harakatmi yoki yo'qmi degan qarorga kelishi mumkin edi. . "^{[369][370][371]} Barr nima uchun Myullerning hisobotida Trampning odil sudlovga to'siq qo'yganligi yoki yo'qligi aniqlanmaganligini tushuntirdi: "Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn va men idora rahbarlari sifatida biz ushbu qarorga kelishimiz zarurligini his qildim".^[369] Myuller Kongressning odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida xulosaga kelish uchun boshqa joy bo'lishi mumkinligini taxmin qilyaptimi yoki yo'qmi, degan savolga Barr "Xo'sh, men u nima taklif qilayotganiga amin emasman, lekin bilasizmi, Adliya vazirligi bunday qilmayapti Kongressga qo'shimcha sifatida jinoyatlarni tergov qilish vakolatlarimizdan foydalanmang. "^[369]

Myullerning 29 maydagi bayonoti

Media-ni ijro etish

2019 yil 29 mayda, Robert Myuller asari haqida jamoatchilik oldida bayonotlar berdi maxsus maslahat va uning sobiq idorasining tarkibi hisobot.

Maxsus maslahat idorasining rasmiy ravishda yopilishi va 2019 yil 29 mayda Adliya vazirligidan iste'foga chiqishi to'g'risida e'lon qilganidan so'ng, Myuller "hisobot mening guvohligim" dedi va u allaqachon hisobotda bo'lmagan narsa borligini aytdi. . U quyidagicha izoh berdi: "Agar bizda prezident aniq biron bir jinoyat sodir etmaganiga ishonchimiz bo'lsa, biz buni aytgan bo'lar edik. Ammo biz prezident jinoyat sodir etgan-qilmagani to'g'risida qat'iy qaror qilmadik".^{[372][373][374][375]} "Bizning hisobotimizning ikkinchi jildiga kirish bu qarorni tushuntiradi. Uzoq vaqtdan beri olib borilayotgan departament siyosatiga ko'ra, hozirgi prezident o'z lavozimida bo'lganida federal jinoyatda ayblanmasligi mumkin".^[372] Shuningdek, "sud tomonidan haqiqiy ayblovning qarori bo'lmaganda, kimnidir jinoyatda ayblash mumkin emas".^[372] Uning so'zlariga ko'ra, Konstitutsiyaga muvofiq, prezident tomonidan sodir etilishi mumkin bo'lgan har qanday huquqbuzarliklarni "jinoiy adliya tizimidan boshqa jarayon" hal qilishi kerak.^[374] Bu Kongress endi tergovni boshlashi yoki boshlashi mumkinligiga ishora qildi impichment sud jarayoni.^{[373][376][377][375]} Bundan tashqari, Myuller o'zining tergovining markaziy xulosasi "bizning saylovimizga aralashish uchun bir necha bor tizimli harakatlar bo'lganligi. Bu da'vo har bir amerikalikning e'tiboriga loyiq" ekanligini ta'kidladi.^[17]

Myullerning 24-iyuldagi guvohligi

Myuller 2019 yil 24 iyulda Kongress oldida guvohlik berib, Vakillar tomonidan berilgan savollarga javob berdi. Demokrat Ted Liu Myullerdan Trampni ayblamaganligining sababi Adliya vazirligi siyosati o'tirgan prezidentlarni ayblov xulosasini taqiqlashi bilan bog'liqmi deb so'radi. Dastlab Myuller buning sababi ekanligini tasdiqladi. Biroq, o'sha kuni, Myuller o'z guruhini Trampning jinoyat sodir etganligini aniqlamaganligini aytib, izohlarini tuzatdi.^[378][379] Bundan tashqari, Myuller respublikachiga javob berdi Ken Bak Prezident lavozimini tark etgandan so'ng, prezidentga odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish (yoki boshqa jinoyatlar) uchun ayblov qo'yilishi mumkin.^[47]

Myullerning ta'kidlashicha, Trampning tergovchilarning savollariga yozma javoblari "umuman" yolg'on va to'liq emas.^[380]

U vakilligini aytadigan Stefan Roh Jozef Mifsud aytdi Washington Post aslida Mifsud "G'arb razvedkasi elementi" edi.^[381] Papadopulos va Rossiya tergovining ayrim tanqidchilari Mifsudga tergovni oqlash uchun Papadopulosni tuzoqqa solishga ko'rsatma berilganligini ta'kidladilar.^[382][381] Myullerning ko'rsatmalari paytida respublikachilar Jim Jordan va Devin Nunes Mifsudni soxta va siyosiy motivlarga ega binolarda boshlangan tergov deb ta'kidlagan asosiy shaxs sifatida ko'rsatishga intildi, demokratlar esa bu fikrlarini chalg'itish va fitna nazariyasi sifatida tavsifladilar.^[382] Myuller ushbu masalani hal qilishdan bosh tortdi, chunki tergov kelib chiqishi DOJ so'rovi mavzusi edi.^[383]

Adliya vazirligining boshqa rasmiylari

25-aprel kuni Washington Post noma'lum "Adliya vazirligining yuqori lavozimli xodimi" ga iqtibos keltirgan holda xabar tarqatdi. Rasmiyning ta'kidlashicha, "maxsus advokat hech qachon [adolatga to'sqinlik qilish] [Trampga qarshi] sudga tortiladigan ish ekanligi to'g'risida qaror qabul qilmagan, shuning uchun Bosh prokurorning u emas [sudlanuvchi] qarori va maxsus advokatning hisoboti o'rtasida ziddiyat yo'q". Sud sudloviga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida rasmiy shunday dedi: "Bosh prokuror bu sudga beriladigan jinoyatmi yoki yo'qligini hal qilar edi va biz sud idoralariga ularni oqilona shubha bilan isbotlay olmasligimizga ishonmasak, biz jinoiy javobgarlikni qo'zg'amaymiz". . Haqida Maxsus advokat tekshiruvini cheklash bo'yicha Prezidentning harakatlari Kori Levandovski ishtirokidagi epizodda rasmiy ayblovni oqlash qiyin bo'ladi, chunki to'siq zanjirdagi bir nechta odamga biron bir narsa qilishiga bog'liq "va bu" juda zaiflashgan zanjir "bo'lganligi sababli, nota notog'ri Hattoki buyruq ham. "Rasmiy prokuratura Trampning tergovni korruptsion niyat bilan yopmoqchi bo'lganligini isbotlay olmaydi degan ishonchni ilgari surdi, chunki rasmiyga ko'ra yashirish uchun hech qanday asosiy jinoyat yo'q edi.^[384]

Jeyms Komi

Avvalgi FBI direktori Jeyms Komi

2019 yil 1-mayda Jeyms Komi an fikr qismi uchun The New York Timesunda u Prezident Tramp, Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr, Bosh prokuror o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn va boshqalar haqidagi fikrlari haqida yozgan:^[385]

Amoral rahbarlar atrofdagilarning xarakterini ochib berish usuliga ega. Ba'zan ular oshkor qilgan narsalar ilhom baxsh etadi. Masalan, Jeyms Mettis, sobiq mudofaa vaziri, janob Trampga shu qadar begona tushunchalardan kelib chiqqan holda, iste'foga chiqqani uchun prezident bu odam haqida yolg'on gapirishni boshlashidan oldin nima bo'lganini anglash uchun bir necha kun kerak bo'ldi. xayolparast etakchiga yaqinligi tushkunlikka tushadigan narsani ochib beradi. Menimcha, bu Bill Barr va Rod Rozenshteyn bilan ko'rgan narsalarimizning hech bo'lmaganda bir qismi. Ichki kuchga ega bo'lmagan muvaffaqiyatli odamlar janob Trampdan omon qolish uchun zarur bo'lgan murosaga qarshi tura olmaydilar va bu ular hech qachon tuzalmaydigan narsaga qo'shiladi. Zararni oldini olish uchun janob Mattis kabi xarakter talab etiladi, chunki janob Tramp sizning qalbingizni mayda tishlab yeydi.

2019-yil 8-may kuni Jeyms Komi CBS Today-ga bergan intervyusida Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barrning Kongressga yozgan to'rt sahifali xatini "adashtiruvchi" va "nomuvofiq" deb atadi.^[386] "Bu, albatta, Bob Myuller Myuller qilgan ishi bo'lmaganida, u sudga to'sqinlik qilish masalasida hukm chiqarmaslikka qaror qilgani haqida taassurot qoldirdi. Myuller buni bayon qildi va ushbu shaxs ishdan bo'shatilgandan keyin bo'lajak prokurorga ishora qildi. uni zaryad qilishga jiddiy qarash kerak ", dedi Komi. Komi, shuningdek, unga nisbatan "chuqur taalluqli" hisobotda bayon qilingan sud odil sudloviga to'sqinlik qilishning o'nta epizodi haqida gapirdi.^[386]

2019 yil 10-may kuni Komi CNN shahar zali tadbirida ishtirok etdi Anderson Kuper. Kuper Komining Barrning hisobotni ko'rib chiqishi va unga tegishli masalalar bo'yicha fikrlari haqida so'radi. "Menimcha, u yozma ravishda bayon qilgani va uni matbuot anjumani paytida ta'riflaganligi bilan unchalik hurmatga sazovor bo'lmagan ish tutdi va xuddi prezidentning advokatidek gaplashishda davom etdi. Bu bosh prokurorning ishi emas", - deydi Komi. .^[387] "Bu gaplarni aytishdan mamnun emasman, lekin u o'zini tutish uslubi bilan obro'sining katta qismini yo'qotgan deb o'ylayman", deb davom etdi Komi.^[388] Komi, shuningdek, Bosh prokurorning o'rinbosari Rod Rozenshteyn haqida fikr bildirdi. Komi Rozenshteynni "muvaffaqiyat qozonadigan, ammo kuchli xarakterga ega bo'lmagan odam" deb atadi, deb xabar beradi CNN. Komi Rozenshteynning Trampning qonun ustuvorligini hurmat qilishi haqidagi fikrlarini ham tanqid qildi.^[389] Komining aytishicha, agar Tramp prezident bo'lmaganida, unga ayb qo'yiladi.^[390]

Rozenshteynning Komining izohlariga javobi

2019 yil 13 mayda Rod Rozenshteyn Komining so'zlari oldida javob qaytardi Buyuk Baltimor qo'mitasi (GBC).^[391][392] "Endi, sobiq direktor partizan mutaxassis bo'lib, kitoblarni sotadi va mening xarakterimning kuchi va o'lmas qalbim taqdiri haqida taxminlar qilar ekan, gapirish uchun pul topadi", dedi Rozenshteyn. "Bu umidsizlikka uchraydi. Ruhlar haqida spekulyatsiya qilish politsiya va prokuratura uchun ish emas. Umuman olganda, biz o'z fikrlarimizni guvohlarning ko'rsatmalariga asoslaymiz."^[391] Rozenshteyn, shuningdek, Komining nima uchun ishdan bo'shatilishiga va Komining Xillari Klintonning elektron pochta orqali olib borilgan tergov ishlarini 2016 yilda ko'rib chiqishiga izoh berdi. Fox News telekanali Gregg Re Rozenshteynning so'zlari haqida: ""Eng aniq xato - bu rejissyorning prokuratura va bosh prokurorning roziligisiz ochiq ish bo'yicha matbuot anjumani o'tkazishi, uning tavsiyasini oshkor qilishi va tergov tafsilotlarini muhokama qilish to'g'risidagi qarori edi", dedi Rozenshteyn. "So'ngra, u saylovlar arafasida Kongressga nomzodlardan biri jinoiy ish bo'yicha tergov qilinayotgani to'g'risida xat yuborishni tanladi va bu darhol jamoatchilikka e'lon qilinishini kutmoqda." Rozenshteyn qo'shimcha qildi: "Ushbu harakatlar oqilona qarorlar doirasiga kirmagan. Ular bizning FQBning barcha xodimlariga, ular Bosh prokurorning rolini hurmat qilishlari, jinoiy tergov haqidagi ma'lumotlarni oshkor etmasliklari, zaryadsiz shaxslarni kamsitmasliklariga yo'l qo'ymasliklari va, avvalambor, saylovga ta'sir qilishi mumkin bo'lgan keraksiz choralarni ko'rmasliklari to'g'risida xabar berish maqsadimizga zid edilar.'"^[391]

Demokratlar

Kongressning Demokratik etakchilari Myullerni Kongress oldida ochiq guvohlik berishga chaqirdilar, butun hisobotni e'lon qilish talablarini yangilab, Prezidentning hisobotda batafsil xulq-atvoridan xavotir bildirdilar. Vakillar Palatasi sud qo'mitasi raisi Jerri Nadler Adliya vazirligi qayta tahrir qilingan versiyasini e'lon qilgandan so'ng to'liq hisobot uchun chaqiruv qog'ozi berilishini e'lon qildi. Demokratlar, shuningdek, Tramp ma'muriyatining hisobotning 18-aprel kuni e'lon qilingan bayonotini nazorat qilish uchun "uyushtirilgan urinishlari" deb aytganlarini tanqid qildilar.^[393] Nadler 19 apreldagi sud chaqiruvnomasini chiqardi.^[394] DOJ vakili, Nadlerning chaqiruv chaqiruvini "muddatidan oldin va keraksiz" deb atadi, bunda hisobotning ommaviy ravishda e'lon qilingan versiyasida "minimal redaksiyalar" bo'lganligi va Barr Nadler va boshqa qonun chiqaruvchilar tomonidan kamroq redaktsiyalar bilan chiqarilgan versiyani ko'rib chiqish uchun allaqachon kelishuvlarni amalga oshirganligi ta'kidlandi.^[395][396]

1-may kuni sudga chaqirilish muddati tugaganida, DOJ uni "qonuniy nazorat emas" deb rad etdi va "chaqiruvdagi so'rovlar haddan tashqari ortiqcha va o'ta og'ir" ekanligini ta'kidlab, sudyalarning katta materiallari sud majlisisiz chiqarilishi mumkin emasligini ta'kidladi. sud qarori.^[397] Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi to'liq hisobotni 8-may kuni chaqirdi.^[398] Ba'zi demokratlar chaqiruv varaqalarini bajarishdan bosh tortish Demokratlar tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan Uyning e'lon qilishiga olib kelishi mumkinligini taxmin qilishdi tabiiy nafrat bunga rioya qilmagan shaxslarning daromadlarini garnitura qilish yoki hatto qamoqqa olish.^[399][400] 2019 yil 22 mayda Adliya vazirligi ba'zi qarshi kontrrazvedka va tashqi razvedka xizmatlarini Razvedka qo'mitasi bilan baham ko'rishga kelishib oldi, shu sababli rais Shif Demokratlar uchun Adliya vazirligiga qarshi "majburiy choralar ko'rish" bo'yicha ovoz berish uchun rejalashtirilgan yig'ilishini bekor qildi.^[401]

Uy spikeri Nensi Pelosi va Senat ozchiliklar etakchisi Chak Shumer qo'shma bayonotni e'lon qildi: "Maxsus maslahatchi Muellerning hisobotida yolg'on, yolg'on va noto'g'ri xatti-harakatlarning to'rini to'qib yurgan va qonun unga taalluqli bo'lmaganday ish tutayotgan prezidentning bezovta qiluvchi tasviri tasvirlangan". Senat ozchilik qamchi Dik Durbin "Maxsus maslahatchining xulosalari Prezident va uning bosh prokurori amerikaliklar ishongan narsalarga qaraganda juda boshqacha manzarani aks ettiradi" deb aytdi va Rossiyaning Tramp kampaniyasi bilan aloqalari tafsilotlarini va Trampning tergovga to'sqinlik qilish harakatlarini "bezovta qiluvchi" deb atadi.^[402]

Massachusets shtatidan senator va sobiq 2020 yil AQSh prezident saylovi nomzod Elizabeth Uorren hisobotda batafsil bayon qilingan "noto'g'ri xatti-harakatlar" ning "zo'ravonligiga" asoslanib, uyni hisobotdan keyin 2020 yilgi saylovlarda birinchi bo'lib qatnashgan Trampga nisbatan impichment jarayonini boshlashga chaqirdi.^[403] Nyu-Jersi shtatidan senator Cory Booker, shuningdek, sobiq 2020 yilgi prezidentlikka nomzod, avvalgi tvitida: "Amerika xalqi haqiqatga loyiqdir. Tramp tayinlagan kishidan aylanmang. Myullerning to'liq hisobotini hozir ozod eting" deb yozgan edi.^[404]

Respublikachilar

Kongressning bahorgi ta'tilida chiqqanligi sababli, respublikachilarning aksariyat deputatlari hisobotga zudlik bilan izoh berishmadi.^[405] Respublikachilar palatasi rahbarlari bu hisobotni Prezident Trampning oqlovi deb hisoblashdi va qonunchilar harakat qilishlari kerakligiga ishora qildilar. 18-aprel kuni Uy ozchiliklar etakchisi Kevin Makkarti "Bugun biz ko'rgan hech narsa, 22 oy davom etgan Myuller tergovining natijalarini o'zgartirmadi, natijada hech qanday kelishuvga erishilmadi".^[406] Uy ozchilik qamchi Stiv Scalise tvitterda "Demokratlar Amerika xalqidan uzr so'rashi kerak" va tergov o'lgan deb e'lon qilgan bayonot bilan birga. Ogayo vakili Jim Jordan, bo'yicha reyting a'zosi Uylarni nazorat qilish qo'mitasi Tramp tarafdorlari orasida Rossiya tergovining kelib chiqishiga oid qasoskor fikrlarga ishora qilib, "Ular bu tergovni boshlagan odamlarni, soxta asosda, ular javobgarlikka tortilishini istaydilar", dedi. Po'lat hujjatlar. "Siz Federal Qidiruv Byurosining bir tomonning muxolifat tadqiqot hujjatidan foydalanib, tergovni boshlashi va boshqa tomonning kampaniyasida josuslik qilishi mumkin emas. Biz bu sodir bo'lganligini bilamiz va buning tubiga tushishimiz kerak, chunki bu hech qachon sodir bo'lmaydi mamlakat ", deya qo'shimcha qildi Iordaniya.^[407] Biroq, Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi, keyin respublikachilar tomonidan nazorat qilinadigan, 2017 yilda Rossiyada tergov Stil hujjatidagi ma'lumotlardan emas, balki FQB Jorj Papadopulosdan olgan ma'lumotlardan boshlanganligi to'g'risida hisobot chiqardi.^[408]

19-aprel kuni Yuta Senator Mitt Romni Twitter-dagi bayonotida, hisobotda topilgan natijalardan "xafa bo'lganini" va "hayratda qolganini" yozdi va hisobotni o'qish bizning "intilishlarimiz va tamoyillaridan qanchalik uzoqlashganimiz haqida hayajonli vahiy" ekanligini aytdi. muassislar ".^[409] Keyinchalik Romni a-dagi sharhlarini tushuntirib berdi Matbuot xabari "Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Prezidentini chet el dushmani bilan til biriktirganlikda yoki adolatga to'sqinlik qilganlikda ayblash uchun etarli dalillar bo'lmaganligi yaxshi xabar. Muqobil variant bizni konstitutsiyaviy inqirozga olib kelishi mumkin bo'lgan jarayon orqali olib borgan bo'lar edi. Hukumat biznesi davom etishi mumkin. "^{[410][411][412]}

28 aprel kuni senator Lindsi Grem, boshlig'i Senat Adliya qo'mitasi, dedi Xalq bilan yuzlash; "Ularning nima haqida suhbatlashganliklari menga ahamiyatli emas. U hech narsa qilmadi. Gap shundaki, prezident Myullerga tergov o'tkazishiga to'sqinlik qilmadi ... Men va Don Makgahn o'rtasida nima bo'lganining ahamiyati yo'q", - davom etdi Grem. : "Mana menga g'amxo'rlik qiladi: Myullerga o'z ishini bajarishga ruxsat beriladimi? Va javob ha".^[413] 1 may kuni Grem yolg'on gapirib, "adolatga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risida janob Myuller janob Barrga ikki yildan keyin qaror qabul qilishni topshirdi va shu vaqt ichida u shunday dedi:" Janob Barr, siz qaror qilasiz'". Myuller Barrdan qaror qabul qilishni so'ramagan va keyinchalik Barr bu qarorni qabul qilish to'g'risida Myuller bilan to'g'ridan-to'g'ri gaplashmaganligini aytgan. Grem, shuningdek, maxsus advokatlarning tergovi" hech qanday kelishuv bo'lmagan degan xulosaga kelgan ", deb yolg'on gapirdi. hisobotda ko'rib chiqilgan, ammo jinoiy fitna bo'lgan.^[414]

Respublika kongressmen Jastin Amash 2019 yil may oyida u Myullerning hisobotidan Tramp impichment qilinadigan xatti-harakatlar bilan shug'ullangan degan xulosaga kelganligini va "Barr maxsus maslahatchi Robert Myullerning tahlillari va topilmalari to'g'risida jamoatchilikni chalg'itmoqchi bo'lganligi aniq" degan xulosaga kelganligini ta'kidlab, "Barrning noto'g'ri ma'lumotlari muhim, ammo ko'pincha nozik, u tez-tez qo'l qobiliyatlari yoki mantiqiy xatolar shaklini oladi, bu odamlar buni sezmaydi ".^[415][416]

Sobiq federal prokurorlar

2019 yil may oyi boshida respublika va demokratik ma'muriyatlarida ishlagan 1000 dan ortiq sobiq federal prokurorlar "Sobiq federal prokurorlarning bayonoti" nomli bayonotni e'lon qilishdi. O'rta. Ular e'lon qildilar:

Har birimiz, Prezident Trampning Maxsus maslahatchi Robert Myullerning hisobotida bayon qilingan xatti-harakatlari, agar Yuridik maslahat boshqarmasi tomonidan o'tirgan Prezidentga qarshi ayblov siyosatiga kiritilmagan bo'lsa, odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilganlik uchun ko'plab jinoyatlar sodir bo'lishiga olib keladi. .^[417]

Sobiq prokurorlar Myullerning hisobotida tasvirlangan "to'siq ayblovi uchun barcha elementlarni qondiradigan" uchta harakatni topdilar:

• "Prezidentning Myullerni ishdan bo'shatish va bu harakatlar haqidagi dalillarni soxtalashtirishga qaratilgan harakatlari" - epizodlarga ishora qilmoqda II jildning bo'limi E va II jild I bo'lim
• "Prezidentning Myullerning xatti-harakatlarini istisno qilish uchun uning tergov doirasini cheklash bo'yicha harakatlari" - epizodlarga ishora qilmoqda II jildning H qismi va II jildning F qismi
• "Prezidentning guvohlarning uni tergov qilayotgan tergovchilar bilan hamkorlik qilishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik bo'yicha harakatlari va uning saylov kampaniyasi" - epizodlarga ishora qilmoqda II jildning bo'limi K va II jildning bo'limi J^[97][417]

Ushbu harakatni nodavlat, notijorat tashkilot Protect Democracy,^[418] qardosh tashkilot^[419] Demokratiyani himoya qilish uchun Birlashgan.^[420]

2019 yil 30-may kuni videorolik mezbonlik qildi Robert De Niro bayonotni tasdiqlagan 11 sobiq federal prokuror ishtirok etdi. "Biz hammamiz qat'iy ishonamizki, Prezident Trampni sudga to'sqinlik qilganlikda ayblab, ayblash uchun etarli miqdordagi dalillar mavjud", dedi AQSh advokatining sobiq yordamchisi Jennifer Rojers.^[421][422]

2019 yil aprel oyida Bosh prokurorning sobiq o'rinbosari va sobiq Bosh prokuror vazifasini bajaruvchi Salli Yeyts "Men shaxsan men to'sqinlik qilish ishlarini bundan ancha kamroq dalillarga ko'ra jinoiy javobgarlikka tortganman va agar ishonamanki, agar [Tramp] AQSh prezidenti bo'lmaganida, u to'sqinlik qilishda ayblanar edi".^[423]

Sharhlovchilar

Hisobot chiqarilgandan so'ng, OAV sharhlovchilari yana bir bor ta'kidlashlaricha, Barr 2018 yilda hukumat ishiga qo'shilishidan oldin Adliya vazirligiga Tramp tomonidan adolatni to'sib qo'yishi mumkinligi to'g'risidagi tergovni ta'riflagan holda, "o'ta noto'g'ri" va "haddan tashqari tajovuzkor bo'lgan" nomaqbul eslatma yozgan. ",^{[258][424][425]} Shuningdek, Barrning eslatmasida prezidentdan prezident hokimiyatining hatti-harakatlari, masalan, mansabdorlarni ishdan bo'shatish uchun ayblov olinmasligi mumkinligi ta'kidlangan.^[426] NPR Ron Elving Xotira eslatmasiga murojaat qilib, biz "to'sqinlik to'g'risida" so'zni "erta" deb bildik, chunki "Barr prezidentga nima uchun adolatni to'sib qo'yganlikda ayblanmaslik mumkinligi to'g'risida 19 betlik tushuntirish muallifi bo'lgan edi. Myuller bu haqda o'ylamasligi ham kerak ".^[427]

Odatda a liberal,^[428] Garvard yuridik fakulteti professor Alan Dershovits Rossiya tergovidagi Trampning eng taniqli himoyachilari qatorida bo'lgan,^[429] intervyusida sudning sudga to'sqinlik qilganligi to'g'risidagi xulosani "to'liqsiz", huquqiy tahlil bo'yicha "C +" va faktik tahlilni "B +" belgisini berdi. Fox News.^[430] Dershovits, shuningdek, hisobotning ommaviy axborot vositalarida yoritilishiga "F" belgisini berdi; "Hatto inflyatsiya darajasi past bo'lgan taqdirda ham, men ommaviy axborot vositalari asosan dahshatli va dahshatli bo'lib chiqadi, deb o'ylayman. O'ylaymanki, biz tahririyat sahifasi va mamlakatdagi ba'zi etakchi ommaviy axborot vositalarining yangiliklar sahifalari o'rtasidagi tafovutning yo'q qilinishini ko'rib turibmiz, va bu sharmandalik. Valter Kronkayt bugun ommaviy axborot vositalarida ish topa olmadi ", dedi Dershovits.^[431]

Fordxem universiteti huquqshunos professor Jed Shugerman ishtirok etdi New York Times bu: "Hisobotning jinoiy javobgarlikka tortish bo'yicha huquqiy xulosalar uchun juda yuqori standarti aniq dalil edi"oqilona shubhadan tashqari '. Shunday qilib, hisobotda shubhasiz jinoyatlar aniqlanmadi. Ammo bu fitna va muvofiqlashtirishning ustunligini ko'rsatdi ". Shugermanning fikriga ko'ra, dalillarning ustunligi standart "kontrrazvedka va faktlar to'g'risida umumiy so'zlashuvga tegishli va impichment uchun tegishli standartga yaqinroq". U so'zlarini davom ettiradi: "Dalillar standartining ustunligi bo'yicha, hisobotda Rossiya hukumati bilan fitna va muvofiqlashtirishni o'rnatish uchun ko'plab dalillar mavjud, ba'zida vositachilar orqali, ba'zida esa rus josusi orqali". The Starr hisoboti kuni Prezident Klinton, "prokuratura qarori emas, balki impichmentga yo'naltirish" sifatida tashkil etilgan bo'lib, dalil standartining ustunligi kabi quyi darajadagi "muhim va ishonchli ma'lumot" ni qo'llagan. Myullerning hisobotida tushuntirishicha, jinoiy dalilni asosli shubha me'yoridan yuqori bo'lgan xulosaga kelish qobiliyati Tramp kampaniyasi va elektron pochta xabarlarini o'chirish bilan bog'liq shaxslarning yolg'onlari tufayli "moddiy jihatdan buzilgan" va boshqa omillar.^[432]

Ovoz berish

A jamoatchilik fikri bo'yicha so'rovnoma tomonidan Reuters va Ipsos 2019 yil 18 aprel kuni tushdan 19 aprel kuni ertalabgacha o'tkazilgan natijalar shuni ko'rsatdiki, Qo'shma Shtatlardagi kattalarning 37 foizi Trampning o'z lavozimidagi faoliyatini ma'qullagan, 15 aprelda o'tkazilgan shunga o'xshash so'rovda 40 foizdan past va eng past darajaga to'g'ri kelgan yil Bosh prokurorning xulosasi 22 mart kuni e'lon qilinganidan ko'p o'tmay o'tkazilgan so'rovda ma'qullash darajasi 43 foizdan pasaygan.^[433] Myullerning hisoboti bilan tanish ekanliklarini aytgan respondentlarning 70 foizi hisobotda Trampga yoki Rossiyaning AQShdagi prezidentlik poygasiga aralashishiga bo'lgan munosabati o'zgargani yo'q, 15 foizi esa Tramp yoki Rossiyaga nisbatan qarashlarini o'zgartiradigan narsalarni bilib oldim, deyishdi. tergov.^[434]

So'rovnoma Washington Post va ABC News Myullerning hisoboti e'lon qilinganidan keyin 22-25 aprel kunlari o'tkazilgan, respondentlarning 51% tergov adolatli deb hisoblaganligini aniqladi; 53% Trampni barcha huquqbuzarliklardan tozalamasligini aytdi; 58% Tramp tekshirilgan masalalar bo'yicha yolg'on gapirgan; 56% impichment davom etmasligi kerakligini aytdi; va impichmentni qo'llab-quvvatlash yangi eng past darajadagi 37%.^[435] A ko'plik 47 foizdan Tramp adolatni to'sishga harakat qilganini aytdi.^[436]

A YouGov va Huffington Post 2019 yil 29 va 30 may kunlari o'tkazilgan 1000 amerikalik kattalar o'rtasida o'tkazilgan so'rov natijalariga ko'ra, 2016 yilgi 72% saylovchilar Myuller Trampni jinoyatdan tozalamasligini aytganidan xabardor bo'lib, Myullerning hisobotida Trampni oqlagan deb hisoblashadi. Tegishli Hillari Klinton va saylovda qatnashmaganlar orasida ko'rsatkich mos ravishda 07 va 24 foizni tashkil etdi.^[437]

2019 yil 16-iyun kuni e'lon qilingan ro'yxatdan o'tgan saylovchilar orasida o'tkazilgan Fox News so'rovi natijalariga ko'ra, 50% Trampning saylovoldi kampaniyasi Rossiya hukumati bilan kelishilgan deb hisoblaydi, bu so'rovnomada 2017 yil iyunidan beri berilgan sakkiz marta eng yuqori ko'rsatkich.^[438][439]

Kongress bilan keyingi harakatlar

Hisobot chiqarilgandan beri Kongress qo'mitalari Maxsus maslahatchining tekshiruvi jarayoni va natijalari to'g'risida ko'proq javob olishni xohlamoqda. The Associated Press Trampning Myullerdan keyingi kongressdagi tergovlarga bergan javobini 'Faqatgina yo'q deb ayting' va 'Har qanday qonuniy jabhada qarshilik ko'rsating' deb ta'riflab, Trampning 24 aprel kuni e'lon qilganini ta'kidlab: «Biz barcha chaqiruvlarga qarshi kurashmoqdamiz. [...] Ikki yil biz bilan tugadi. Yo'q, endi uy borib chaqiruv ishlarini boshlaydi. "^[440]

2019-yil 8-may kuni Tramp Kongress tomonidan so'ralgan barcha materiallar, shu jumladan qayta tiklanmagan Myullerning hisoboti himoyalanganligini ta'kidladi. ijro etuvchi imtiyoz.^[441] Bu ijro etuvchi imtiyozning "himoya talabi" bo'lib, Kongressga u o'zgartirilmagan Myuller hisobotini va uning asosiy materialini hozircha olishiga yo'l qo'ymaslik uchun, ijro etuvchi imtiyozning "yakuniy tasdig'i" ni qabul qilish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilgunga qadar.^[442] Avvalroq, 18-aprel kuni Barr "prezident shaffoflik va Amerika xalqiga to'liq ma'lumot berish uchun maxsus advokatning hisoboti bo'yicha imtiyoz bermasligini tasdiqladi" deb aytgan edi.^[3]

Vakillar palatasining Adliya qo'mitasi

Robert Myuller

2019 yil 18 aprelda Vakillar palatasining Sud-huquq qo'mitasi raisi Jerri Nadler Myullerga "iloji boricha tezroq - ammo, har qanday holatda ham, 2019 yil 23 maydan kechiktirmay" guvohlik berishini so'rab xat yubordi.^[443][444] Qo'mita Myullerga 15 may kuni guvohlik berishni taklif qildi, ammo hech qachon kelishuvga erishilmadi.^[445] 10-may kuni Nadler Myuller 12-may haftasida guvohlik bermasligini aytdi. Nadler buning sababini aytmadi, ammo "shunchaki rivojlanmadi" dedi.^[446]

24-may kuni Nadler "U ba'zi odamlar siyosiy tomosha deb biladigan narsalarda jamoatchilikka aylanishni istamaydi, deb o'ylayman", deb aytdi Myuller haqida. "U ochilish bayonotini berishga tayyor, lekin u shaxsiy guvohlik berishni xohlaydi", deb davom etdi Nadler. "Bizning fikrimizcha, Amerika xalqi uchun uning fikrini tinglash va uning hisobotga oid savollariga javoblarini eshitish muhimdir."^[447]

2019 yil 25 iyunda Rais Nadler va Vakillar Palatasining Razvedka qo'mitasi raisi, Adam Shiff, ikkalasi ham Myuller 17-iyul kuni Vakillar Palatasi sudi va razvedka qo'mitalari oldida ochiqdan-ochiq guvohlik berishga rozilik berganligini ochiqchasiga e'lon qildi. Ikkala qo'mita ham Myullerning ko'rsatmalarini chaqirdi.^[448] Biroq, tinglash 24-iyulga qoldirildi, savollarga uchinchi soat qo'shilib, jami uchtaga etkazildi.^[449]

2019-yil 24-iyulda Myuller sudga chaqirilgandan so'ng Vakillar Palatasi Adliya qo'mitasi oldida guvohlik berdi.^[450] Tinglovlardan so'ng, Vakillar Palatasining Sud-huquq qo'mitasi "impichment moddalarini faol ravishda ko'rib chiqmoqda va Myuller hisobotidagi qayta ko'rib chiqilgan materiallarga kirish jarayonini davom ettirish to'g'risida qaror qabul qilish uchun izlayotgani" aniqlandi.^[451]

Don McGahn

Don McGahn, avvalgi Oq uy maslahatchisi ga Prezident Tramp

2019 yil 22 aprelda Vakillar palatasining Sud-huquq qo'mitasi sudga chaqirildi Don McGahn guvohlik berish va odil sudlovga to'sqinlik qilish to'g'risidagi qo'mitaning tekshiruvi bilan bog'liq har qanday hujjatlarni taqdim etish.^[452] Chaqiruv hujjatlari 7 mayga qadar, Makgaxn esa 21 mayga qadar guvohlik berishni talab qiladi.^[453]

Tramp ma'muriyati McGahnning ko'rsatmalarining ayrim qismlarida ijro etuvchi imtiyozlardan foydalanishi kutilmoqda. Kellyanne Conway, Prezident Trampning maslahatchisi 2019 yil 28 aprelda shunday dedi: "Ijro etuvchi imtiyoz har doim variant, u har doim stolda. Ammo Don MakGen 30 soat davomida qasam ichib gapirgan. Va bu shunchaki prezidentni ta'qib qilish", dedi Konvey. Jeyk Tapper, Trampning ijro etuvchi imtiyozdan foydalanish huquqi ekanligini qo'shimcha qildi.^[454] Tramp 2 may kuni McGahnning guvohlik berishiga yo'l qo'ymasligini aytdi,^[455] va 7-may kuni Oq uy chaqirdi ijro etuvchi imtiyoz sudga chaqirilgan hujjatlarni ushlab qolish.^[456] McGahn Prezident Trampning Maxsus maslahatchiga to'sqinlik qilishga qaratilgan harakatlari to'g'risida guvohlik berishi kutilmoqda, McGahnning aytishicha, unga aytilgan, ammo rad etgan va buyruq berilgan taqdirda iste'foga chiqish bilan tahdid qilgan.^[457] McGahnning advokati 7-may kuni McGahn "nizo atrofidagi huquqiy masalalar hal bo'lmaguncha, qat'iy turib, hech narsa qilmaydi - na Oq uy ko'rsatmalariga va na qo'mita chaqiruvlariga rioya qilmasligini" aytdi.^[458] The attorney added that "Where co-equal branches of government are making contradictory demands on Mr. McGahn concerning the same set of documents, the appropriate response for Mr. McGahn is to maintain the status quo unless and until the Committee and Executive Branch can reach an accommodation."^[459]

On May 20, 2019, President Trump directed McGahn to not comply with a subpoena that would make McGahn testify before the committee on May 21.^[460]

Uilyam Barr

On April 26, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee announced that Barr would testify on May 2, regarding the Special Counsel investigation, its findings, allegations of obstruction of justice, and allegations of spying on the Trump Campaign.^[461] However, on April 28, 2019, Barr said he might not testify to the Committee because he was displeased about the format of the testimony he is expected to give.^[462][463] Nadler said "The witness [Barr] is not going to tell the committee how to conduct its hearing, period". On the prospect of Barr not showing up, Nadler stated: "Then we will have to subpoena him, and we will have to use whatever means we can to enforce the subpoena".^[462]

Barr did testify before the Republican-controlled Senat Adliya qo'mitasi on the same topics on May 1.^[464]

On May 2, when Barr was to testify before the committee, Barr did not show up.^[465] Democrats on the House Judiciary Committee, specifically Democratic Representative of Tennessee Stiv Koen, mocked Barr for not showing up, calling him "Chicken Barr". Cohen brought a bucket of Kentukki qovurilgan tovuqi and a chicken prop to mock Barr.^[466]

On May 3, 2019, Nadler informed Barr that a subpoena had been issued giving him until May 6, 2019, to release the un-redacted Mueller report.^[467][468] Barr did not comply with the subpoena. The House Judiciary Committee is expected to vote on whether to bring forth Kongressni hurmatsizlik 8 may kuni.^{[468][469][470][471][472]} A law issued in 1857 gives Congress the power to issue criminal charges for this matter.^[473]

2019 yil 8-may kuni, Bosh prokuror Uilyam Barr so'ralgan Prezident Tramp boshlamoq ijro etuvchi imtiyoz over the subpoenaed redacted portions of the Myullerning hisoboti.

Bosh prokurorning yordamchisi Stephen E. Boyd ga xat yubordi Vakillar palatasining Adliya qo'mitasi rais Jerri Nadler buni e'lon qilish Prezident Tramp boshlangan ijro etuvchi imtiyoz.

8 may kuni Bosh prokurorning yordamchisi Stiven Boyd wrote Nadler that Barr would ask Trump to invoke executive privilege to withhold the full report if the Judiciary Committee proceeded to vote on a contempt charge.^[474][475] Boyd wrote in the letter to Nadler saying "We are disappointed that you have rejected the Department of Justice's request to delay the vote of the Committee on the Judiciary on a contempt finding against the Attorney General this morning ... Accordingly, this is to advise you that the President has asserted executive privilege over the entirety of the subpoenaed materials."^[476] Also on May 8, Barr wrote a letter to Trump to "request that you make protective assertion of executive privilege with respect to Department of Justice documents recently subpoenaed by the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives."^[477] On May 8, Trump invoked ijro etuvchi imtiyoz for those documents at Barr's request.^[478][477] Trump's announcement of executive privilege came just hours before the House Judiciary Committee planned to vote on whether to hold Barr in contempt. The Committee voted unanimously to reject this assertion of executive privilege and approved a motion put forward by Rep. Mett Gets (R-Fl) which states that a vote to hold Barr in contempt would not "be construed as a directive for the Attorney General to violate Federal law or rules".^[479][480] In a 24–16 vote, the House Judiciary Committee approved a motion of Contempt of Congress against Barr.^[481][479]

Umid Xiks

A day before Umid Xiks was expected to testify behind closed doors before the House Intelligence Committee on June 18, 2019, White House Counsel Pat Sipollon sent a letter to Committee chairman Jerry Nadler that President Trump instructed Hicks to not answer questions pertaining to her work at the White House.^[482][483] "Ms. Hicks is absolutely immune from being compelled to testify before Congress with respect to matters occurring during her service as a senior adviser to the President," Cipollone says. "Because of this constitutional immunity, and in order to protect the prerogatives of the Office of the President, the President has directed Ms. Hicks not to answer questions before the Committee relating to the time of her service as a senior adviser to the President."^[482]

In the letter, Cipollone cited various Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) opinions arguing that Hicks is immune from compelled testimony, including one issued by the Justice Department in May that Trump cited when instructing former White House counsel Don McGahn not to testify before the committee pursuant to a subpoena. Cipollone also indicated that the White House may try to block Hicks from answering questions about her time on the presidential transition team because of potential executive privilege concerns. "Much of Ms. Hicks's work during this period involved discussions with the President-elect and his staff relating to the decisions the President-elect would be making once he assumed office," Cipollone wrote. "Accordingly, her responses to specific questions about this period would likely implicate executive branch confidentiality interests concerning that decisionmaking process," he wrote. "In order to preserve the President's ability to assert executive privilege over such information, a member of my office will attend Ms. Hicks's testimony on June 19."^[482]

During Hicks' testimony, lawyers for the Trump administration forbade Hicks from answering questions 155 times, claiming that due to "absolute immunity", Hicks "may not speak about anything that occurred during the time of her employment in the White House as a close adviser to the President".^[484][485]

Senat Adliya qo'mitasi

On May 1, Attorney General Barr testified before the Senat Adliya qo'mitasi. Barr said he "didn't exonerate" Trump on obstruction as that was not the role of the Justice Department. Barr explained his decision that there was not enough evidence for Trump to be charged with obstruction by citing that the president did not commit an underlying crime related to Russia.^[45]

California Democratic Senator and 2020 presidential candidate Kamala Xarris questioned why neither Barr nor Rosenstein reviewed the underlying evidence in the report. "We accepted the statements in the report as the factual record. We did not go underneath it to see whether or not they were accurate, we accepted it as accurate," Barr said. He asserted this approach was common DOJ practice.^[46][486] Harris also asked Barr if Rosenstein had been cleared by ethics officials to be involved in the decision to not charge Trump of obstruction, given that Rosenstein was a witness to the investigation regarding James Comey's firing. Barr with the help of his aides concluded by saying "He was the acting attorney general on the Mueller investigation...I'm informed that before I arrived, he had been cleared by the ethics officials."^[487][488]

On the question of whether Trump could have ended the investigation, Barr said "the situation of the President, who has constitutional authority to supervise proceedings, if in fact a proceeding was not well founded, if it was a groundless proceeding, if it was based on false allegations, the President does not have to sit there, constitutionally, and allow it to run its course." He added, "The President could terminate that proceeding, and it would not be a corrupt intent, because he was being falsely accused.^[45][489] He later said that Trump "knew [the accusations against him] were false. And he felt this investigation was unfair, propelled by his political opponents and was hampering his ability to govern. That is not a corrupt motive for replacing an independent counsel".^[490] Politico described these comments as "Barr's expansive view of presidential authority to meddle in investigations".^[491] Nyu York argued against Barr's "perverse conclusion" because first, "Trump could not possibly know that an investigation was unfounded"; second, "Mueller did not say Trump was innocent"; and third, "Trump's obstruction was quite possibly one of the reasons Mueller failed to establish underlying crimes".^[492]

Senator Richard Blumenthal asked Barr if he or his staff took notes on his March 28 call with Mueller. Barr confirmed there "were notes taken of the call", then told the committee that he would not share the notes with them: "Why should you have them?"^[493]

Uy spikeri Nensi Pelosi commented on Barr's testimony and accused Barr of lying before Congress. "What is deadly serious about it is the attorney general of the United States of America is not telling the truth to the Congress of the United States. That's a crime," Pelosi told reporters. "He lied to Congress. If anybody else did that, it would be considered a crime. Nobody is above the law," Pelosi said. Department of Justice spokeswoman Kerri Kupec responded to Pelosi's remarks and said that a "baseless attack on the Attorney General is reckless, irresponsible and false."^[494] Ga binoan CNBC, Pelosi's remarks were talking about Barr's comments in his April 9 testimony. Vakil Charli Krist: "Reports have emerged recently, general, that members of the special counsel's team are frustrated at some level with the limited information included in your March 24 letter. ... Do you know what they are referencing with that?" Barr: "No, I don't. I think I think, I suspect that they probably wanted more put out, but in my view I was not interested in putting out summaries."^[494][495]

On May 8, 2019, the Senate Judiciary Committee subpoenaed Kichik Donald Tramp to answer questions surrounding abandoned developments of a Moskvadagi Trump minorasi.^[496] Trump Jr. has testified before the Committee^[497] on the same topic and related matters in September 2017.^[498] Trump Jr. is expected to testify sometime in June for a second closed-door interview. Ga ko'ra Vashington Post: "Trump Jr. will testify for up to four hours and address a limited number of questions, these people said on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive negotiations."^[499]

Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi

The Uyning razvedka qo'mitasi announced on May 14, 2019, that it would investigate whether attorneys for Trump and his family members – Jey Sekulow, Alan Futerfas, Abbe Lowell va Alan Garten – "reviewed, shaped and edited" Maykl Koen 's false testimony^{[tushuntirish kerak ]} Kongressga.^[500]

On June 25, 2019, House Intelligence Committee Chairman, Adam Shiff, and chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, Jerry Nadler, both publicly announced that Mueller agreed to publicly testify before House Judiciary and Intelligence Committees on July 17.^[448]

On July 24, 2019, Mueller testified before the House Intelligence Committee after being subpoenaed.^[450] When asked as to why the Special Counsel did not subpoena President Trump, Mueller stated that they did not subpoena the president "because of the necessity of expediting" the investigation. "If we did subpoena the president, he would fight the subpoena and we would be in the midst of the investigation for a substantial period of time."^[501]

Mumkin kelajakdagi nashrlar

A less-redacted version of the report "with all redactions removed except those relating to grand-jury information", which is required to be redacted by federal law,^{[246][247][248]} is expected^{[yangilanishga muhtoj ]} to be available two weeks after the initial public release, to "a bipartisan group of leaders from several Congressional committees".^{[228][502][503]}

2019 yil 19 aprelda, Vakillar palatasining Adliya qo'mitasi rais Jerri Nadler chiqarilgan sudga chaqiruv for the fully unredacted report.^[504] A DOJ spokesperson called Nadler's subpoena "premature and unnecessary", citing that the publicly released version of the report had "minimal redactions" and that Barr had already made arrangements for Nadler and other lawmakers to review a version with fewer redactions.^[395][396] Barr offered to let twelve designated members of Congress view the less-redacted report in a secure room at the Justice Department, and forbid them from sharing the contents with other legislators. Several Republicans took advantage of the offer; the six Democrats refused, saying the conditions were too stringent.^[505]

On May 8, 2019, President Trump used a "protective assertion" of ijro etuvchi imtiyoz to block the subpoena by the House of Representatives. Thus, for the time being, the House will not receive the unredacted Mueller Report and its underlying material, pending Trump's decision to make a "final assertion" of executive privilege after reviewing the subpoenaed material. Attorney General Barr had recommended earlier that day that Trump take this action.^[2]

Redaksiyalarni ko'rib chiqish

In March 2020, federal judge Reggi Uolton, appointed to his position by President Jorj V.Bush, declared that he would personally review the redactions made in the Mueller report to ensure that the redactions were legitimate. This came during a lawsuit filed by the pro-transparency Elektron maxfiylik ma'lumot markazi and media outlet BuzzFeed yangiliklari to release the full, unredacted report under the Axborot erkinligi to'g'risidagi qonun.^[506][507] Walton cited that he had concerns on whether the redactions were legitimate, due to Attorney General William Barr having displayed a "lack of candor" regarding the report.

According to Walton, Barr's March 24 letter not only had a "hurried release", but also "distorted" the findings of the report; while Barr went on to make "misleading public statements" about the report. As such, Walton had concerns that Barr may have made a "calculated attempt to influence public discourse" in favor of President Trump by establishing "a one-sided narrative" about the report which was contrary to the report's findings. Walton questioned if the report's redactions were then in fact "self-serving" to avoid conflict with Barr's statements, and if the Justice Department used "post-hoc rationalizations" to defend Barr.^[48][49] On June 19, 2020, in response to the lawsuit, the Department of Justice released a less-redacted public version of the Mueller report, revealing new information about Rojer Stoun va WikiLeaks.^[508]

On October 6, 2020 President Trump, referencing the Mueller report, tweeted "I have fully authorized the total Declassification of any & all documents pertaining to the single greatest political CRIME in American History, the Russia Hoax."^[509] Trump also said in an interview "I've fully declassified everything. Everything's been declassified."^[509] In response to the President's statement, BuzzFeed requested an unredacted versions of the report; however, BuzzFeed's request for an unredacted report was denied by the Department of Justice (DOJ). Someone told Walton, "... the President's statements on Twitter were not self-executing declassification orders..." To clear up the position of the President, Walton ordered a continuance until October 21, 2020, so "I can get something from White House counsel saying that they conferred with the president, and the president, in fact, did not intend to declassify the information ..."^[509] On October 20, 2020, and contrary to Trump's Twitter statements, White House chief of staff Mark Meadows stated in a federal court filing that Trump's tweets were not official orders to declassify FBI Russia probe documents.^{[510][yaxshiroq manba kerak ]}

One day prior to the November 3, 2020, election, the Special Counsel's office released previously redacted portions of the Mueller report per the federal judge's order in the lawsuit mentioned above filed by BuzzFeed yangiliklari va Elektron maxfiylik ma'lumot markazi, while allowing other portions to remain redacted.^[511][512]

In summary, per Buzzfeed: "Although Wikileaks published emails stolen from the DNC in July and October 2016 and Stone – a close associate to Donald Trump – appeared to know in advance the materials were coming, investigators 'did not have sufficient evidence' to prove active participation in the hacks or knowledge that the electronic thefts were continuing. In addition, federal prosecutors could not establish that the hacked emails amounted to campaign contributions benefitting Trump's election chances …"^[511]

The newly released material also stated: "While the investigation developed evidence that the GRU's hacking efforts in fact were continuing at least at the time of the July 2016 WikiLeaks dissemination, … the Office did not develop sufficient admissible evidence that WikiLeaks knew of – or even was willfully blind to – that fact." As reported by Buzzfeed, "Likewise, prosecutors faced what they called factual hurdles in pursuing Stone for the hack."^[511]

Shuningdek qarang

• Rossiya tomonidan kiberjangi
• Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi AQSh saylovlariga aralashuvi
• Senatning Razvedka qo'mitasi Rossiyaning 2016 yilgi Qo'shma Shtatlardagi prezidentlik saylovlariga aralashuvi to'g'risida hisobot berdi

Izohlar

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